Winter Wheat and Canola Seedings ISSN: 2474-7440 Released January 10, 2025, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Winter Wheat Planted Acres Up 2 Percent Winter wheat seeded area for 2025 is expected to total 34.1 million acres, up 2 percent from 2024. Approximate class acreage breakdowns are: Hard Red Winter, 24.0 million; Soft Red Winter, 6.44 million; and White Winter, 3.64 million. Winter Wheat Area Seeded - United States: 2023-2025 (Domestic Units) --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Crop year : 2025 Crop :--------------------------------------------: as a percent : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : of 2024 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres 1,000 acres 1,000 acres percent : Winter wheat ..: 36,699 33,390 34,115 102 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Winter Wheat Area Seeded - United States: 2023-2025 (Metric Units) --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Crop year : 2025 Crop :--------------------------------------------: as a percent : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : of 2024 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : hectares hectares hectares percent : Winter wheat ..: 14,851,720 13,512,600 13,806,000 102 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Winter wheat: Planted area for harvest in 2025 is estimated at 34.1 million acres, up 2 percent from 2024 but down 7 percent from 2023. A record low planted area is expected in Utah. Seeding of the 2025 acreage was underway in early-September. By October 20, producers had sown 73 percent of the intended 2025 winter wheat acreage, 1 percentage point behind the previous year and 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Nationwide, 46 percent of the winter wheat acreage had emerged by October 20, three percentage points behind the previous year and 4 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Throughout much of the season, planting progressed on pace with the 5-year average and reached 97 percent complete by November 24. Emergence was 1 percentage point behind last year but equal to the 5-year average pace on November 24. Hard Red Winter (HRW) wheat seeded area is expected to total 24.0 million acres, up 1 percent from 2024. The largest increases in planted acreage are estimated in Montana and Texas, while Kansas is estimated to have a decrease. Soft Red Winter (SRW) wheat seeded area totals 6.44 million acres, up 6 percent from last year. Compared with last year, the largest acreage increases are expected in Michigan and Ohio, while the largest acreage decreases are expected in Kentucky and Missouri. White Winter wheat seeded area totals 3.64 million acres, up 3 percent from 2024. No States in the region are expecting decreased acreage. Durum wheat: Seedings in Arizona and California for 2025 harvest are estimated at a combined 75,000 acres, down 11 percent from 2024 but 34 percent above 2023. Canola: This report contains the first estimate of 2025 canola seedings for Kansas and Oklahoma. Acres seeded in Kansas and Oklahoma for 2025 harvest are estimated at a combined 30,000 acres, an increase of 500 acres from 2024. This report was approved on January 10, 2025. Secretary of Agriculture Designate Seth Meyer Agricultural Statistics Board Chairperson Lance Honig Winter Wheat Area Seeded - States and United States: 2023-2025 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Crop year : 2025 State :--------------------------------------------------: as a percent : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : of 2024 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres 1,000 acres 1,000 acres percent : Alabama ...........: 205 110 150 136 Arkansas ..........: 230 130 120 92 California ........: 320 290 360 124 Colorado ..........: 2,300 2,100 2,100 100 Delaware ..........: 80 70 65 93 Georgia ...........: 195 145 190 131 Idaho .............: 750 760 760 100 Illinois ..........: 840 770 790 103 Indiana ...........: 405 310 330 106 Kansas ............: 8,100 7,600 7,400 97 : Kentucky ..........: 610 560 520 93 Maryland ..........: 340 325 340 105 Michigan ..........: 600 400 550 138 Mississippi .......: 120 60 60 100 Missouri ..........: 780 670 630 94 Montana ...........: 1,850 1,950 2,250 115 Nebraska ..........: 1,130 1,000 970 97 New Jersey 1/ .....: 34 (NA) (NA) (X) New Mexico ........: 405 370 355 96 New York ..........: 150 135 130 96 : North Carolina ....: 480 410 380 93 North Dakota ......: 155 125 120 96 Ohio ..............: 650 520 660 127 Oklahoma ..........: 4,550 4,350 4,250 98 Oregon ............: 740 740 750 101 Pennsylvania ......: 280 240 270 113 South Carolina ....: 110 80 125 156 South Dakota ......: 920 860 790 92 Tennessee .........: 470 380 350 92 Texas .............: 6,400 5,500 5,800 105 : Utah ..............: 105 105 105 100 Virginia ..........: 200 150 200 133 Washington ........: 1,800 1,800 1,850 103 Wisconsin .........: 280 265 290 109 Wyoming ...........: 115 110 105 95 : United States .....: 36,699 33,390 34,115 102 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Estimates discontinued in 2024. Durum Wheat Area Seeded - States and United States: 2023-2025 [Blank cells indicate estimation period has not begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Crop year : 2025 State :--------------------------------------------------: as a percent : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 1/ : of 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres 1,000 acres 1,000 acres percent : Arizona ........: 38 59 55 93 California .....: 18 25 20 80 Idaho 2/ .......: 10 (NA) Montana ........: 705 880 North Dakota ...: 905 1,100 : United States ..: 1,676 2,064 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. 1/ Indicated 2025 area seeded for all five States and the United States will be published in "Prospective Plantings" released March 2025. 2/ Estimates discontinued in 2024. Canola Area Seeded - States and United States: 2023-2025 [Blank cells indicate estimation period has not begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Crop year : 2025 State :--------------------------------------------------: as a percent : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 1/ : of 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres 1,000 acres 1,000 acres percent : Idaho 2/ .......: (NA) 97.0 Kansas .........: 1.5 8.5 10.0 118 Minnesota ......: 80.0 110.0 Montana ........: 165.0 215.0 North Dakota ...: 1,930.0 2,140.0 Oklahoma .......: 3.0 21.0 20.0 95 Washington .....: 165.0 160.0 : United States ..: 2,344.5 2,751.5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. 1/ Indicated 2025 area seeded for all seven States and the United States will be published in "Prospective Plantings" released March 2025. 2/ Estimates began in 2024. Statistical Methodology Survey procedures: The estimates in this report are based primarily on surveys conducted the first two weeks of December. The December Agricultural Survey is a probability survey that includes a sample of approximately 73,300 farm operators selected from a list of producers that ensures all operations in the United States have a chance to be selected. Data from farm operators was collected by mail, internet, or telephone to obtain information on crop acreage, yield, and production for the 2024 crop year and winter wheat, Durum wheat, and canola seedings for the 2025 crop year. Estimating procedures: National, Regional, State, and grower reported data were reviewed for reasonableness and consistency with historical estimates. Each Regional Office submits their analysis of the current situation to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). Survey data are compiled to the National level and are reviewed at this level independently of each State's review. Estimates were based on survey data and the historical relationship of official estimates to survey data. Revision policy: These estimates will not be revised; instead, new estimates will be made throughout the growing season. End-of-season wheat estimates are made after harvest and published in the Small Grains Annual Summary report at the end of September. End-of-season canola estimates are published in the Crop Production Annual Summary report in the middle of January. Reliability: The survey used to make acreage estimates is subject to sampling and non-sampling type errors that are common to all surveys. The survey indications are subject to sampling variability because not all operations with winter wheat are included in the sample. This variability, as measured by the relative standard error at the National level, is approximately 2.2 percent for winter wheat. This means that chances are approximately 95 out of 100 that survey estimates for acres will be within plus or minus 4.4 percent for winter wheat. Survey indications are also subject to non-sampling errors such as omission, duplication, imputation for missing data, and mistakes in reporting, recording, and processing the data. These errors cannot be measured directly, but they are minimized through rigid quality controls in the data collection process and a careful review of all reported data for consistency and reasonableness. Information Contacts Listed below are the commodity statisticians in the Crops Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to nass@usda.gov. Patrick Boyle, Chief, Crops Branch..................................................................... (202) 720-2127 Chris Hawthorn, Head, Field Crops Section (202) 720-2127 Irwin Anolik - Crop Progress and Condition, Flaxseed, Mustardseed (202) 720-7621 Joshua Bates - Hemp, Oats, Soybeans (202) 690-3234 Natasha Bruton - Barley, Cotton System Consumption and Stocks, Grain Crushings (202) 690-1042 David Colwell - Fats and Oils, Flour Milling Products (202) 720-8800 Michelle Harder - Hay, Peanuts (202) 690-8533 James Johanson - Rye, Wheat (202) 720-8068 Greg Lemmons - Corn, Proso Millet, Rice (202) 720-9526 Becky Sommer - Cotton, Cotton Ginnings, Sorghum (202) 720-5944 Travis Thorson - Canola, Rapeseed, Safflower, Sunflower........................................... (202) 720-7369 Access to NASS Reports For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways: All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: www.nass.usda.gov. Both national and state specific reports are available via a free e- mail subscription. 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