Prospective Plantings ISSN: 1949-159X Released March 31, 2025, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Corn Planted Acreage Up 5 Percent from 2024 Soybean Acreage Down 4 Percent All Wheat Acreage Down 2 Percent All Cotton Acreage Down 12 Percent Corn planted area for all purposes in 2025 is estimated at 95.3 million acres, up 5 percent or 4.73 million acres from last year. Compared with last year, planted acreage is expected to be up or unchanged in 40 of the 48 estimating States. Soybean planted area for 2025 is estimated at 83.5 million acres, down 4 percent from last year. Compared with last year, planted acreage is down or unchanged in 23 of the 29 estimating States. All wheat planted area for 2025 is estimated at 45.4 million acres, down 2 percent from 2024. If realized, this represents the second lowest all wheat planted area since records began in 1919. The 2025 winter wheat planted area, at 33.3 million acres, is down 2 percent from the previous estimate and down less than 1 percent from last year. Of this total, about 23.6 million acres are Hard Red Winter, 6.09 million acres are Soft Red Winter, and 3.66 million acres are White Winter. Area expected to be planted to other spring wheat for 2025 is estimated at 10.0 million acres, down 6 percent from 2024 estimate. Of this total, about 9.40 million acres are Hard Red Spring wheat. Durum planted area for 2025 is expected to total 2.02 million acres, down 2 percent from the previous year. All cotton planted area for 2025 is estimated at 9.87 million acres, down 12 percent from last year. Upland area is estimated at 9.71 million acres, down 12 percent from 2024. American Pima area is estimated at 157,000 acres, down 24 percent from 2024. This report was approved on March 31, 2025. Secretary of Agriculture Designate Seth Meyer Agricultural Statistics Board Chairperson Lance Honig Contents Principal Crops Area Planted - States and United States: 2023-2025....................................... 5 Corn Area Planted - States and United States: 2023-2025.................................................. 6 Corn and Soybean Planted Acreage - United States Chart................................................... 7 Sorghum Area Planted - States and United States: 2023-2025............................................... 7 Oat Area Planted - States and United States: 2023-2025................................................... 8 Barley Area Planted - States and United States: 2023-2025................................................ 9 All Wheat Area Planted - States and United States: 2023-2025............................................. 10 Winter Wheat Area Planted - States and United States: 2023-2025.......................................... 11 Durum Wheat Area Planted - States and United States: 2023-2025........................................... 12 Other Spring Wheat Area Planted - States and United States: 2023-2025.................................... 12 All Hay Area Harvested - States and United States: 2023-2025............................................. 13 Rice Area Planted by Class - States and United States: 2023-2025......................................... 14 Canola Area Planted - States and United States: 2023-2025................................................ 14 Soybean Area Planted - States and United States: 2023-2025............................................... 15 Peanut Area Planted - States and United States: 2023-2025................................................ 15 Sunflower Area Planted by Type - States and United States: 2023-2025..................................... 16 Flaxseed Area Planted - States and United States: 2023-2025.............................................. 16 Cotton Area Planted by Type - States and United States: 2023-2025........................................ 17 Sugarbeet Area Planted - States and United States: 2023-2025............................................. 18 Tobacco Area Harvested - States and United States: 2023-2025............................................. 18 Tobacco Area Harvested by Class and Type - States and United States: 2023-2025........................... 19 Dry Edible Bean Area Planted - States and United States: 2023-2025....................................... 20 Chickpea Area Planted - States and United States: 2023-2025.............................................. 21 Lentil Area Planted - States and United States: 2023-2025................................................ 22 Dry Edible Pea Area Planted - States and United States: 2023-2025........................................ 22 Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2024 and 2025.. 23 Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2024 and 2025.... 25 Winter Weather Summary .................................................................................. 27 Crop Comments............................................................................................ 29 Statistical Methodology.................................................................................. 33 Reliability of Prospective Plantings Planted Acreage Estimates........................................... 34 Information Contacts..................................................................................... 35 Principal Crops Area Planted - States and United States: 2023-2025 [Crops included in area planted are corn, sorghum, oats, barley, rye, winter wheat, Durum wheat, other spring wheat, rice, soybeans, peanuts, sunflower, cotton, dry edible beans, chickpeas, potatoes, sugarbeets, canola, and proso millet. Harvested acreage is used for all hay, tobacco, and sugarcane in computing total area planted. Values for 2025 were carried forward from 2024 for potatoes, proso millet, rye, and sugarcane. Includes double cropped acres and unharvested small grains planted as cover crops] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 1/ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Alabama ......................: 2,120 2,020 1,970 Alaska .......................: 27 31 28 Arizona ......................: 597 562 574 Arkansas .....................: 7,211 7,053 7,146 California ...................: 2,411 2,402 2,271 Colorado .....................: 5,950 5,933 5,896 Connecticut ..................: 77 74 77 Delaware .....................: 438 421 421 Florida ......................: 1,087 1,049 1,059 Georgia ......................: 3,296 3,185 3,250 : Idaho ........................: 4,057 4,137 4,105 Illinois .....................: 22,855 22,865 22,870 Indiana ......................: 11,885 11,790 11,940 Iowa .........................: 24,250 24,095 24,260 Kansas .......................: 25,024 23,880 23,420 Kentucky .....................: 6,147 6,113 6,081 Louisiana ....................: 3,214 3,091 3,063 Maine ........................: 242 232 222 Maryland .....................: 1,526 1,486 1,497 Massachusetts ................: 68 63 63 : Michigan .....................: 6,270 6,101 6,206 Minnesota ....................: 19,444 19,227 19,281 Mississippi ..................: 4,209 4,151 4,180 Missouri .....................: 14,657 13,518 13,600 Montana ......................: 9,707 9,390 9,374 Nebraska .....................: 19,473 19,467 19,453 Nevada .......................: 393 370 360 New Hampshire ................: 54 51 53 New Jersey ...................: 305 272 265 New Mexico ...................: 855 796 771 : New York .....................: 2,730 2,733 2,707 North Carolina ...............: 4,397 4,222 4,130 North Dakota .................: 24,077 23,297 22,988 Ohio .........................: 9,850 9,800 9,810 Oklahoma .....................: 10,724 9,760 9,346 Oregon .......................: 1,852 1,875 1,859 Pennsylvania .................: 3,395 3,289 3,343 Rhode Island .................: 8 8 8 South Carolina ...............: 1,423 1,367 1,390 South Dakota .................: 17,222 16,836 16,683 : Tennessee ....................: 5,000 4,818 4,785 Texas ........................: 22,135 21,144 20,666 Utah .........................: 856 889 928 Vermont ......................: 254 244 249 Virginia .....................: 2,583 2,347 2,449 Washington ...................: 3,807 3,679 3,706 West Virginia ................: 654 648 645 Wisconsin ....................: 7,875 7,937 7,974 Wyoming ......................: 1,416 1,191 1,219 : United States 2/ .............: 319,542 311,208 309,940 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Intended plantings in 2025 as indicated by reports from farmers. 2/ States do not add to United States due to rye unallocated acreage. Corn Area Planted - States and United States: 2023-2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted State :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 1/ : Percent of : : : : previous year ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----------------- 1,000 acres ---------------- percent : Alabama ............: 330 270 330 122 Arizona ............: 105 70 70 100 Arkansas ...........: 850 500 710 142 California .........: 400 410 420 102 Colorado ...........: 1,330 1,460 1,460 100 Connecticut ........: 24 24 24 100 Delaware ...........: 175 165 175 106 Florida ............: 90 85 80 94 Georgia ............: 485 375 420 112 Idaho ..............: 360 380 420 111 : Illinois ...........: 11,200 10,800 11,100 103 Indiana ............: 5,450 5,200 5,400 104 Iowa ...............: 13,100 12,900 13,500 105 Kansas .............: 5,750 6,300 6,400 102 Kentucky ...........: 1,600 1,370 1,600 117 Louisiana ..........: 700 470 530 113 Maine ..............: 28 30 28 93 Maryland ...........: 480 440 440 100 Massachusetts ......: 14 14 15 107 Michigan ...........: 2,400 2,250 2,300 102 : Minnesota ..........: 8,600 8,200 8,600 105 Mississippi ........: 790 490 690 141 Missouri ...........: 3,850 3,450 3,800 110 Montana ............: 135 130 130 100 Nebraska ...........: 9,950 10,050 10,600 105 Nevada .............: 13 20 20 100 New Hampshire ......: 13 12 13 108 New Jersey .........: 74 72 70 97 New Mexico .........: 125 100 115 115 New York ...........: 1,040 1,020 1,030 101 : North Carolina .....: 950 890 910 102 North Dakota .......: 4,050 3,950 4,200 106 Ohio ...............: 3,600 3,400 3,250 96 Oklahoma ...........: 390 450 480 107 Oregon .............: 95 100 105 105 Pennsylvania .......: 1,040 990 970 98 Rhode Island .......: 2 2 2 100 South Carolina .....: 365 330 390 118 South Dakota .......: 6,300 5,900 6,300 107 Tennessee ..........: 940 700 900 129 : Texas ..............: 2,500 2,150 2,450 114 Utah ...............: 75 70 85 121 Vermont ............: 89 94 94 100 Virginia ...........: 495 460 470 102 Washington .........: 160 175 170 97 West Virginia ......: 44 41 40 98 Wisconsin ..........: 4,000 3,750 3,950 105 Wyoming ............: 85 85 70 82 : United States ......: 94,641 90,594 95,326 105 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Intended plantings in 2025 as indicated by reports from farmers. Sorghum Area Planted - States and United States: 2023-2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted State :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 1/ : Percent of : : : : previous year ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------------- 1,000 acres ---------------- percent : Colorado ...........: 510 520 550 106 Kansas .............: 3,600 3,000 3,100 103 Nebraska ...........: 340 290 275 95 Oklahoma ...........: 410 370 400 108 South Dakota .......: 335 420 340 81 Texas ..............: 2,000 1,700 1,900 112 : United States ......: 7,195 6,300 6,565 104 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Intended plantings in 2025 as indicated by reports from farmers. Oat Area Planted - States and United States: 2023-2025 [Includes area planted in preceding fall] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted State :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 1/ : Percent of : : : : previous year ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------------- 1,000 acres ---------------- percent : Arkansas 2/ ........: 8 (NA) (NA) (X) California 2/ ......: 90 (NA) (NA) (X) Georgia ............: 55 65 70 108 Idaho ..............: 45 40 40 100 Illinois ...........: 55 50 60 120 Iowa ...............: 190 145 150 103 Kansas .............: 185 160 95 59 Maine ..............: 22 20 17 85 Michigan ...........: 50 50 35 70 Minnesota ..........: 165 205 195 95 : Missouri 2/ ........: 32 (NA) (NA) (X) Montana ............: 65 60 75 125 Nebraska ...........: 155 120 130 108 New York ...........: 61 60 40 67 North Carolina .....: 37 34 35 103 North Dakota .......: 280 280 300 107 Ohio ...............: 40 40 60 150 Oklahoma 2/ ........: 140 (NA) (NA) (X) Oregon .............: 20 20 20 100 Pennsylvania .......: 70 74 60 81 : South Dakota .......: 265 270 290 107 Texas ..............: 390 380 340 89 Wisconsin ..........: 135 140 165 118 : United States ......: 2,555 2,213 2,177 98 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Intended plantings in 2025 as indicated by reports from farmers. 2/ Estimates discontinued in 2024. Barley Area Planted - States and United States: 2023-2025 [Includes area planted in preceding fall] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted State :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 1/ : Percent of : : : : previous year ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------------- 1,000 acres ---------------- percent : Alaska .............: 7 8 8 100 Arizona ............: 17 13 15 115 California .........: 45 40 35 88 Colorado ...........: 55 56 42 75 Delaware ...........: 21 21 20 95 Idaho ..............: 570 530 530 100 Kansas .............: 16 10 10 100 Maine ..............: 11 10 8 80 Maryland ...........: 31 31 27 87 Michigan ...........: 7 8 7 88 : Minnesota ..........: 60 40 65 163 Montana ............: 1,190 900 800 89 New York ...........: 9 8 7 88 North Carolina .....: 16 16 15 94 North Dakota .......: 690 370 450 122 Oregon .............: 43 31 30 97 Pennsylvania .......: 47 40 38 95 South Dakota .......: 38 34 30 88 Utah ...............: 16 14 13 93 Virginia ...........: 30 24 30 125 : Washington .........: 95 80 68 85 Wisconsin ..........: 12 15 12 80 Wyoming ............: 83 74 57 77 : United States ......: 3,109 2,373 2,317 98 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Intended plantings in 2025 as indicated by reports from farmers. All Wheat Area Planted - States and United States: 2023-2025 [Includes area planted in preceding fall] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted State :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 1/ : Percent of : : : : previous year ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----------------- 1,000 acres ---------------- percent : Alabama ............: 205 110 115 105 Arizona ............: 38 59 45 76 Arkansas ...........: 230 130 120 92 California .........: 338 315 310 98 Colorado ...........: 2,300 2,100 2,100 100 Delaware ...........: 80 70 55 79 Georgia ............: 195 145 170 117 Idaho ..............: 1,170 1,210 1,190 98 Illinois ...........: 840 770 780 101 Indiana ............: 405 310 320 103 : Kansas .............: 8,100 7,600 7,300 96 Kentucky ...........: 610 560 500 89 Maryland ...........: 340 325 330 102 Michigan ...........: 600 400 540 135 Minnesota ..........: 1,300 1,220 1,260 103 Mississippi ........: 120 60 60 100 Missouri ...........: 780 670 640 96 Montana ............: 5,255 5,280 5,210 99 Nebraska ...........: 1,130 1,000 970 97 New Jersey 2/ ......: 34 (NA) (NA) (X) : New Mexico .........: 405 370 355 96 New York ...........: 150 135 140 104 North Carolina .....: 480 410 360 88 North Dakota .......: 6,610 6,575 6,360 97 Ohio ...............: 650 520 570 110 Oklahoma ...........: 4,550 4,350 4,150 95 Oregon .............: 740 740 750 101 Pennsylvania .......: 280 240 260 108 South Carolina .....: 110 80 80 100 South Dakota .......: 1,660 1,520 1,460 96 : Tennessee ..........: 470 380 340 89 Texas ..............: 6,400 5,500 5,500 100 Utah ...............: 105 105 110 105 Virginia ...........: 200 150 130 87 Washington .........: 2,300 2,295 2,350 102 Wisconsin ..........: 280 265 310 117 Wyoming ............: 115 110 110 100 : United States ......: 49,575 46,079 45,350 98 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Intended plantings for 2025 as indicated by reports from farmers. 2/ Estimates discontinued in 2024. Winter Wheat Area Planted - States and United States: 2023-2025 [Includes area planted in preceding fall] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted State :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : Percent of : : : : previous year ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----------------- 1,000 acres ---------------- percent : Alabama ............: 205 110 115 105 Arkansas ...........: 230 130 120 92 California .........: 320 290 290 100 Colorado ...........: 2,300 2,100 2,100 100 Delaware ...........: 80 70 55 79 Georgia ............: 195 145 170 117 Idaho ..............: 750 760 790 104 Illinois ...........: 840 770 780 101 Indiana ............: 405 310 320 103 Kansas .............: 8,100 7,600 7,300 96 : Kentucky ...........: 610 560 500 89 Maryland ...........: 340 325 330 102 Michigan ...........: 600 400 540 135 Mississippi ........: 120 60 60 100 Missouri ...........: 780 670 640 96 Montana ............: 1,850 1,950 2,300 118 Nebraska ...........: 1,130 1,000 970 97 New Jersey 1/ ......: 34 (NA) (NA) (X) New Mexico .........: 405 370 355 96 New York ...........: 150 135 140 104 : North Carolina .....: 480 410 360 88 North Dakota .......: 155 125 120 96 Ohio ...............: 650 520 570 110 Oklahoma ...........: 4,550 4,350 4,150 95 Oregon .............: 740 740 750 101 Pennsylvania .......: 280 240 260 108 South Carolina .....: 110 80 80 100 South Dakota .......: 920 860 800 93 Tennessee ..........: 470 380 340 89 Texas ..............: 6,400 5,500 5,500 100 : Utah ...............: 105 105 110 105 Virginia ...........: 200 150 130 87 Washington .........: 1,800 1,800 1,850 103 Wisconsin ..........: 280 265 310 117 Wyoming ............: 115 110 110 100 : United States ......: 36,699 33,390 33,315 100 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Estimates discontinued in 2024. Durum Wheat Area Planted - States and United States: 2023-2025 [Includes area planted in preceding fall in Arizona and California] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted State :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 1/ : Percent of : : : : previous year ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------------- 1,000 acres ---------------- percent : Arizona ............: 38 59 45 76 California .........: 18 25 20 80 Idaho 2/ ...........: 10 (NA) (NA) (X) Montana ............: 705 880 760 86 North Dakota .......: 905 1,100 1,190 108 : United States ......: 1,676 2,064 2,015 98 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Intended plantings in 2025 as indicated by reports from farmers. 2/ Estimates discontinued in 2024. Other Spring Wheat Area Planted - States and United States: 2023-2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted State :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 1/ : Percent of : : : : previous year ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----------------- 1,000 acres ---------------- percent : Idaho ..............: 410 450 400 89 Minnesota ..........: 1,300 1,220 1,260 103 Montana ............: 2,700 2,450 2,150 88 North Dakota .......: 5,550 5,350 5,050 94 South Dakota .......: 740 660 660 100 Washington .........: 500 495 500 101 : United States ......: 11,200 10,625 10,020 94 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Intended plantings in 2025 as indicated by reports from farmers. All Hay Area Harvested - States and United States: 2023-2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested State :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 1/ : Percent of : : : : previous year ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----------------- 1,000 acres ---------------- percent : Alabama ............: 680 690 660 96 Alaska .............: 20 23 20 87 Arizona ............: 345 310 310 100 Arkansas ...........: 1,162 1,230 1,230 100 California .........: 830 940 870 93 Colorado ...........: 1,220 1,295 1,230 95 Connecticut ........: 53 50 53 106 Delaware ...........: 12 10 11 110 Florida ............: 320 300 320 107 Georgia ............: 510 480 470 98 : Idaho ..............: 1,300 1,250 1,200 96 Illinois ...........: 410 445 430 97 Indiana ............: 530 480 520 108 Iowa ...............: 1,010 1,000 1,010 101 Kansas .............: 2,795 2,130 2,050 96 Kentucky ...........: 2,070 2,100 2,100 100 Louisiana ..........: 390 370 380 103 Maine ..............: 128 118 115 97 Maryland ...........: 205 195 190 97 Massachusetts ......: 54 49 48 98 : Michigan ...........: 780 760 740 97 Minnesota ..........: 1,070 1,200 1,140 95 Mississippi ........: 580 600 640 107 Missouri ...........: 3,855 2,855 2,900 102 Montana ............: 2,700 2,560 2,700 105 Nebraska ...........: 2,285 2,370 2,150 91 Nevada .............: 380 350 340 97 New Hampshire ......: 41 39 40 103 New Jersey .........: 97 95 100 105 New Mexico .........: 265 270 270 100 : New York ...........: 1,120 1,140 1,110 97 North Carolina .....: 657 588 570 97 North Dakota .......: 2,790 1,930 1,870 97 Ohio ...............: 810 790 830 105 Oklahoma ...........: 4,075 3,360 3,300 98 Oregon .............: 900 930 900 97 Pennsylvania .......: 1,200 1,160 1,250 108 Rhode Island .......: 6 6 6 100 South Carolina .....: 260 260 270 104 South Dakota .......: 2,955 2,880 2,700 94 : Tennessee ..........: 1,716 1,645 1,550 94 Texas ..............: 4,685 4,910 4,400 90 Utah ...............: 660 700 720 103 Vermont ............: 165 150 155 103 Virginia ...........: 1,155 970 1,150 119 Washington .........: 790 620 610 98 West Virginia ......: 610 607 605 100 Wisconsin ..........: 1,030 1,290 1,310 102 Wyoming ............: 1,090 890 950 107 : United States ......: 52,771 49,390 48,493 98 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Intended area harvested in 2025 as indicated by reports from farmers. Rice Area Planted by Class - States and United States: 2023-2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted Class and State :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 1/ : Percent of : : : : previous year ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------------- 1,000 acres ---------------- percent : Long grain : Arkansas ...........: 1,220 1,330 1,320 99 California .........: 11 8 10 125 Louisiana ..........: 390 425 410 96 Mississippi ........: 121 153 150 98 Missouri ...........: 197 214 210 98 Texas ..............: 125 145 140 97 : United States ......: 2,064 2,275 2,240 98 : Medium grain : Arkansas ...........: 215 117 140 120 California .........: 470 430 420 98 Louisiana ..........: 78 48 60 125 Mississippi ........: - 2 - (X) Missouri ...........: 8 5 5 100 Texas ..............: 24 3 2 67 : United States ......: 795 605 627 104 : Short grain : Arkansas ...........: 1 1 1 100 California 2/ ......: 35 29 27 93 : United States ......: 36 30 28 93 : All : Arkansas ...........: 1,436 1,448 1,461 101 California .........: 516 467 457 98 Louisiana ..........: 468 473 470 99 Mississippi ........: 121 155 150 97 Missouri ...........: 205 219 215 98 Texas ..............: 149 148 142 96 : United States ......: 2,895 2,910 2,895 99 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Intended plantings in 2025 as indicated by reports from farmers. 2/ Includes sweet rice. Canola Area Planted - States and United States: 2023-2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted State :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 1/ : Percent of : : : : previous year ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----------------- 1,000 acres ----------------- percent : Idaho 2/ ...........: (NA) 97.0 85.0 88 Kansas .............: 1.5 8.5 10.0 118 Minnesota ..........: 80.0 110.0 75.0 68 Montana ............: 165.0 215.0 165.0 77 North Dakota .......: 1,930.0 2,140.0 2,050.0 96 Oklahoma ...........: 3.0 21.0 16.0 76 Washington .........: 165.0 160.0 165.0 103 : United States ......: 2,344.5 2,751.5 2,566.0 93 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Intended plantings in 2025 as indicated by reports from farmers. 2/ Estimates began in 2024. Soybean Area Planted - States and United States: 2023-2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted State :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 1/ : Percent of : : : : previous year ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----------------- 1,000 acres ---------------- percent : Alabama ............: 350 360 310 86 Arkansas ...........: 2,980 3,050 3,000 98 Delaware ...........: 150 155 160 103 Georgia ............: 160 170 170 100 Illinois ...........: 10,350 10,800 10,500 97 Indiana ............: 5,500 5,800 5,700 98 Iowa ...............: 9,950 10,050 9,600 96 Kansas .............: 4,430 4,530 4,300 95 Kentucky ...........: 1,830 2,050 1,850 90 Louisiana ..........: 1,030 1,100 1,050 95 : Maryland ...........: 470 495 510 103 Michigan ...........: 2,040 2,200 2,150 98 Minnesota ..........: 7,350 7,400 7,000 95 Mississippi ........: 2,180 2,300 2,250 98 Missouri ...........: 5,600 5,900 5,700 97 Nebraska ...........: 5,250 5,300 5,000 94 New Jersey .........: 100 105 95 90 New York ...........: 350 370 380 103 North Carolina .....: 1,640 1,630 1,700 104 North Dakota .......: 6,200 6,600 6,200 94 : Ohio ...............: 4,750 5,050 5,100 101 Oklahoma ...........: 460 505 400 79 Pennsylvania .......: 570 610 590 97 South Carolina .....: 395 390 380 97 South Dakota .......: 5,100 5,450 5,100 94 Tennessee ..........: 1,600 1,820 1,750 96 Texas ..............: 125 100 110 110 Virginia ...........: 580 610 540 89 Wisconsin ..........: 2,110 2,150 1,900 88 : United States ......: 83,600 87,050 83,495 96 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Intended plantings in 2025 as indicated by reports from farmers. Peanut Area Planted - States and United States: 2023-2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted State :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 1/ : Percent of : : : : previous year ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----------------- 1,000 acres ----------------- percent : Alabama ............: 175.0 190.0 195.0 103 Arkansas ...........: 35.0 45.0 45.0 100 Florida ............: 160.0 165.0 180.0 109 Georgia ............: 775.0 850.0 950.0 112 Mississippi ........: 18.0 26.0 30.0 115 Missouri 2/ ........: (NA) 24.0 25.0 104 New Mexico 3/ ......: 11.0 (NA) (NA) (X) North Carolina .....: 124.0 130.0 135.0 104 Oklahoma ...........: 16.0 19.0 20.0 105 South Carolina .....: 77.0 82.0 90.0 110 Texas ..............: 225.0 240.0 250.0 104 Virginia ...........: 29.0 30.0 30.0 100 : United States ......: 1,645.0 1,801.0 1,950.0 108 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Intended plantings in 2025 as indicated by reports from farmers. 2/ Estimates began in 2024. 3/ Estimates discontinued in 2024. Sunflower Area Planted by Type - States and United States: 2023-2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Varietal type : Area planted and State :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 1/ : Percent of : : : : previous year ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----------------- 1,000 acres ----------------- percent : Oil : California .........: 28.0 15.5 12.5 81 Colorado ...........: 26.0 22.5 27.0 120 Kansas .............: 28.0 9.5 13.0 137 Minnesota ..........: 49.0 31.0 63.0 203 Nebraska ...........: 31.0 26.0 27.0 104 North Dakota .......: 500.0 230.0 450.0 196 South Dakota .......: 455.0 245.0 340.0 139 Texas ..............: 44.0 14.5 28.0 193 : United States ......: 1,161.0 594.0 960.5 162 : Non-oil : California .........: 0.5 0.3 1.0 333 Colorado ...........: 8.0 4.0 3.0 75 Kansas .............: 6.0 1.0 2.0 200 Minnesota ..........: 9.5 6.7 8.0 119 Nebraska ...........: 8.5 2.3 4.0 174 North Dakota .......: 75.0 75.0 50.0 67 South Dakota .......: 40.0 34.0 40.0 118 Texas ..............: 6.5 3.5 4.0 114 : United States ......: 154.0 126.8 112.0 88 : All : California .........: 28.5 15.8 13.5 85 Colorado ...........: 34.0 26.5 30.0 113 Kansas .............: 34.0 10.5 15.0 143 Minnesota ..........: 58.5 37.7 71.0 188 Nebraska ...........: 39.5 28.3 31.0 110 North Dakota .......: 575.0 305.0 500.0 164 South Dakota .......: 495.0 279.0 380.0 136 Texas ..............: 50.5 18.0 32.0 178 : United States ......: 1,315.0 720.8 1,072.5 149 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Intended plantings in 2025 as indicated by reports from farmers. Flaxseed Area Planted - States and United States: 2023-2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted State :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 1/ : Percent of : : : : previous year ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : --------------- 1,000 acres --------------- percent : Montana ............: 68 56 85 152 North Dakota .......: 110 92 100 109 : United States ......: 178 148 185 125 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Intended plantings in 2025 as indicated by reports from farmers. Cotton Area Planted by Type - States and United States: 2023-2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted Type and State :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 1/ : Percent of : : : : previous year ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------------------ 1,000 acres ----------------- percent : Upland : Alabama ............: 380.0 400.0 360.0 90 Arizona ............: 76.0 96.0 110.0 115 Arkansas ...........: 510.0 650.0 580.0 89 California .........: 13.0 21.0 17.0 81 Florida ............: 89.0 85.0 65.0 76 Georgia ............: 1,110.0 1,100.0 1,000.0 91 Kansas .............: 112.0 131.0 140.0 107 Louisiana ..........: 120.0 155.0 110.0 71 Mississippi ........: 400.0 520.0 360.0 69 Missouri ...........: 335.0 400.0 320.0 80 : New Mexico .........: 32.0 41.0 25.0 61 North Carolina .....: 380.0 410.0 290.0 71 Oklahoma ...........: 420.0 435.0 330.0 76 South Carolina .....: 210.0 225.0 180.0 80 Tennessee ..........: 265.0 265.0 235.0 89 Texas ..............: 5,550.0 5,950.0 5,500.0 92 Virginia ...........: 81.0 91.0 88.0 97 : United States ......: 10,083.0 10,975.0 9,710.0 88 : American Pima : Arizona ............: 16.0 14.0 24.0 171 California .........: 85.0 145.0 100.0 69 New Mexico .........: 17.0 15.0 6.0 40 Texas ..............: 29.0 33.0 27.0 82 : United States ......: 147.0 207.0 157.0 76 : All : Alabama ............: 380.0 400.0 360.0 90 Arizona ............: 92.0 110.0 134.0 122 Arkansas ...........: 510.0 650.0 580.0 89 California .........: 98.0 166.0 117.0 70 Florida ............: 89.0 85.0 65.0 76 Georgia ............: 1,110.0 1,100.0 1,000.0 91 Kansas .............: 112.0 131.0 140.0 107 Louisiana ..........: 120.0 155.0 110.0 71 Mississippi ........: 400.0 520.0 360.0 69 Missouri ...........: 335.0 400.0 320.0 80 : New Mexico .........: 49.0 56.0 31.0 55 North Carolina .....: 380.0 410.0 290.0 71 Oklahoma ...........: 420.0 435.0 330.0 76 South Carolina .....: 210.0 225.0 180.0 80 Tennessee ..........: 265.0 265.0 235.0 89 Texas ..............: 5,579.0 5,983.0 5,527.0 92 Virginia ...........: 81.0 91.0 88.0 97 : United States ......: 10,230.0 11,182.0 9,867.0 88 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Intended plantings in 2025 as indicated by reports from farmers. Sugarbeet Area Planted - States and United States: 2023-2025 [Relates to year of intended harvest in all States except California] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted State :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 1/ : Percent of : : : : previous year ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----------------- 1,000 acres ----------------- percent : California 2/ ......: 23.1 28.3 28.0 99 Colorado ...........: 23.3 24.8 29.0 117 Idaho ..............: 174.7 173.2 170.0 98 Michigan ...........: 133.1 135.2 136.0 101 Minnesota ..........: 429.5 411.0 432.0 105 Montana ............: 23.8 24.6 24.0 98 Nebraska ...........: 46.8 47.3 46.0 97 North Dakota .......: 228.8 215.8 222.0 103 Oregon .............: 10.8 10.5 11.0 105 Washington .........: 2.0 1.9 2.0 105 Wyoming ............: 29.1 31.7 32.0 101 : United States ......: 1,125.0 1,104.3 1,132.0 103 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Intended plantings in 2025 as indicated by reports from processors. 2/ Relates to year of planting for overwintered beets in southern California. Tobacco Area Harvested - States and United States: 2023-2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested State :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 1/ : Percent of : : : : previous year ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -------------------- acres -------------------- percent : Georgia 2/ .........: 6,300 (NA) (NA) (X) Kentucky ...........: 36,600 32,800 30,700 94 North Carolina .....: 113,120 114,000 115,000 101 Pennsylvania 2/ ....: 2,840 (NA) (NA) (X) South Carolina 2/ ..: 5,900 (NA) (NA) (X) Tennessee ..........: 8,950 8,250 9,500 115 Virginia ...........: 12,830 12,400 11,400 92 : United States ......: 186,540 167,450 166,600 99 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Intended area harvested in 2025 as indicated by reports from farmers. 2/ Estimates discontinued in 2024. Tobacco Area Harvested by Class and Type - States and United States: 2023-2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested Class, type, and State :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 1/ : Percent of : : : :previous year ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : --------------- acres --------------- percent : Class 1, Flue-cured (11-14) : Georgia 2/ .............................: 6,300 (NA) (NA) (X) North Carolina .........................: 113,000 114,000 115,000 101 South Carolina 2/ ......................: 5,900 (NA) (NA) (X) Virginia ...............................: 12,600 12,400 11,400 92 : United States ..........................: 137,800 126,400 126,400 100 : Class 2, Fire-cured (21-23) : Kentucky ...............................: 6,200 4,700 3,600 77 Tennessee ..............................: 4,900 3,700 3,800 103 Virginia 2/ ............................: 90 (NA) (NA) (X) : United States ..........................: 11,190 8,400 7,400 88 : Class 3A, Light air-cured : Type 31, Burley : Kentucky .............................: 27,000 25,000 24,000 96 North Carolina 2/ ....................: 120 (NA) (NA) (X) Pennsylvania 2/ ......................: 1,100 (NA) (NA) (X) Tennessee ............................: 2,900 3,600 3,500 97 Virginia 2/ ..........................: 140 (NA) (NA) (X) : United States ........................: 31,260 28,600 27,500 96 : Type 32, Southern Maryland 2/ : Pennsylvania .........................: 40 (NA) (NA) (X) : United States ........................: 40 (NA) (NA) (X) : Total light air-cured (31-32) ....... : 31,300 28,600 27,500 96 : Class 3B, Dark air-cured (35-37) : Kentucky ...............................: 3,400 3,100 3,100 100 Tennessee ..............................: 1,150 950 2,200 232 : United States ..........................: 4,550 4,050 5,300 131 : Class 4, Cigar filler 2/ : Type 41, Pennsylvania Seedleaf : Pennsylvania .........................: 1,700 (NA) (NA) (X) : United States ........................: 1,700 (NA) (NA) (X) : All tobacco : United States ..........................: 186,540 167,450 166,600 99 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Intended area harvested in 2025 as indicated by reports from farmers. 2/ Estimates discontinued in 2024. Dry Edible Bean Area Planted - States and United States: 2023-2025 [Excludes beans grown for garden seed] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted State :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 1/ : Percent of : : : : previous year ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----------------- 1,000 acres ----------------- percent : California 2/ ......: 16.0 (NA) (NA) (X) Colorado ...........: 33.0 52.0 56.0 108 Idaho ..............: 35.0 45.0 55.0 122 Michigan ...........: 210.0 250.0 250.0 100 Minnesota ..........: 210.0 280.0 320.0 114 Nebraska ...........: 100.0 130.0 120.0 92 North Dakota .......: 530.0 730.0 630.0 86 Washington .........: 32.0 46.0 39.0 85 Wyoming 2/ .........: 14.0 (NA) (NA) (X) : United States ......: 1,180.0 1,533.0 1,470.0 96 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Intended plantings in 2025 as indicated by reports from farmers. 2/ Estimates discontinued in 2024. Chickpea Area Planted - States and United States: 2023-2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area planted Size and State :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 1/ : Percent of : : : : previous year ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : ---------------- 1,000 acres ---------------- percent : Small chickpeas 2/ : California 3/ ..........................: (D) (NA) (NA) (X) Idaho ..................................: 23.0 38.0 25.0 66 Montana ................................: 40.0 48.0 50.0 104 North Dakota ...........................: (D) 14.0 18.0 129 Washington .............................: 31.0 38.0 32.0 84 : Other States 4/ ........................: 7.3 - - (X) : United States ..........................: 101.3 138.0 125.0 91 : Large chickpeas 5/ : California 3/ ..........................: (D) (NA) (NA) (X) Idaho ..................................: 49.0 59.0 75.0 127 Montana ................................: 133.0 172.0 220.0 128 North Dakota ...........................: (D) 30.0 31.0 103 Washington .............................: 67.0 103.0 110.0 107 : Other States 4/ ........................: 16.7 - - (X) : United States ..........................: 265.7 364.0 436.0 120 : All chickpeas : California 3/ ..........................: 3.0 (NA) (NA) (X) Idaho ..................................: 72.0 97.0 100.0 103 Montana ................................: 173.0 220.0 270.0 123 North Dakota ...........................: 21.0 44.0 49.0 111 Washington .............................: 98.0 141.0 142.0 101 : United States ..........................: 367.0 502.0 561.0 112 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ - Represents zero. (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Intended plantings in 2025 as indicated by reports from farmers. 2/ Chickpeas 20/64 inches or smaller. 3/ Estimates discontinued in 2024. 4/ Includes data withheld above. 5/ Chickpeas larger than 20/64 inches. Lentil Area Planted - States and United States: 2023-2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted State :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 1/ : Percent of : : : : previous year ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----------------- 1,000 acres ---------------- percent : Idaho 2/ ...........: 18.0 (NA) (NA) (X) Montana ............: 390.0 720.0 820.0 114 North Dakota .......: 92.0 165.0 225.0 136 Washington .........: 45.0 51.0 55.0 108 : United States ......: 545.0 936.0 1,100.0 118 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Intended plantings in 2025 as indicated by reports from farmers. 2/ Estimates discontinued in 2024. Dry Edible Pea Area Planted - States and United States: 2023-2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted State :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 1/ : Percent of : : : : previous year ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------------- 1,000 acres ---------------- percent : Idaho ..............: 19.0 11.0 17.0 155 Montana ............: 580.0 590.0 550.0 93 Nebraska ...........: 21.0 26.0 13.0 50 North Dakota .......: 260.0 300.0 260.0 87 South Dakota 2/ ....: 13.0 (NA) (NA) (X) Washington .........: 62.0 49.0 55.0 112 : United States ......: 955.0 976.0 895.0 92 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Intended plantings in 2025 as indicated by reports from farmers. 2/ Estimates discontinued in 2024. Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2024 and 2025 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2025 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested Crop :----------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Grains and hay : Barley .................................: 2,373 2,317 1,875 Corn for grain 1/ ......................: 90,594 95,326 82,896 Corn for silage ........................: (NA) 6,100 Hay, all ...............................: (NA) (NA) 49,390 48,493 Alfalfa ..............................: (NA) 14,612 All other ............................: (NA) 34,778 Oats ...................................: 2,213 2,177 886 Proso millet ...........................: 481 427 Rice ...................................: 2,910 2,895 2,867 Rye ....................................: 2,206 402 Sorghum for grain 1/ ...................: 6,300 6,565 5,605 Sorghum for silage .....................: (NA) 306 Wheat, all .............................: 46,079 45,350 38,469 Winter ...............................: 33,390 33,315 26,103 Durum ................................: 2,064 2,015 2,036 Other spring .........................: 10,625 10,020 10,330 : Oilseeds : Canola .................................: 2,751.5 2,566.0 2,710.0 Cottonseed .............................: (X) (X) Flaxseed ...............................: 148 185 140 Mustard seed ...........................: 185.0 176.9 Peanuts ................................: 1,801.0 1,950.0 1,758.0 Rapeseed ...............................: 17.5 15.7 Safflower ..............................: 116.6 108.0 Soybeans for beans .....................: 87,050 83,495 86,050 Sunflower ..............................: 720.8 1,072.5 686.1 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops : Cotton, all ............................: 11,182.0 9,867.0 8,271.2 Upland ...............................: 10,975.0 9,710.0 8,070.5 American Pima ........................: 207.0 157.0 200.7 Sugarbeets .............................: 1,104.3 1,132.0 1,085.5 Sugarcane ..............................: (NA) 920.0 Tobacco ................................: (NA) (NA) 167.5 166.6 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas ..............................: 502.0 561.0 492.4 Dry edible beans .......................: 1,533.0 1,470.0 1,503.6 Dry edible peas ........................: 976.0 895.0 939.9 Lentils ................................: 936.0 1,100.0 903.0 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops ...................................: (NA) 44.8 Maple syrup ............................: (NA) (NA) Mushrooms ..............................: (NA) (NA) Peppermint oil .........................: (NA) 23.2 Potatoes ...............................: 930.0 925.4 Spearmint oil ..........................: (NA) 10.3 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2024 and 2025 (continued) [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2025 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield per acre : Production Crop :---------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ 1,000 ----- : Grains and hay : Barley ..........................bushels: 76.7 143,836 Corn for grain ..................bushels: 179.3 14,866,744 Corn for silage ....................tons: 20.2 123,093 Hay, all ...........................tons: 2.48 122,462 Alfalfa ..........................tons: 3.41 49,840 All other ........................tons: 2.09 72,622 Oats ............................bushels: 76.5 67,793 Proso millet ....................bushels: 32.9 14,061 Rice 2/ .............................cwt: 7,748 222,133 Rye .............................bushels: 36.6 14,729 Sorghum for grain ...............bushels: 61.3 343,850 Sorghum for silage .................tons: 13.3 4,062 Wheat, all ......................bushels: 51.2 1,971,301 Winter ........................bushels: 51.7 1,348,930 Durum .........................bushels: 39.3 80,051 Other spring ..................bushels: 52.5 542,320 : Oilseeds : Canola ...........................pounds: 1,784 4,834,030 Cottonseed .........................tons: (X) 4,401.0 Flaxseed ........................bushels: 17.3 2,420 Mustard seed .....................pounds: 577 102,015 Peanuts ..........................pounds: 3,668 6,448,020 Rapeseed .........................pounds: 2,019 31,705 Safflower ........................pounds: 1,200 129,585 Soybeans for beans ..............bushels: 50.7 4,366,492 Sunflower ........................pounds: 1,670 1,145,605 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops : Cotton, all 2/ ....................bales: 836 14,414.0 Upland 2/ .......................bales: 829 13,946.0 American Pima 2/ ................bales: 1,119 468.0 Sugarbeets .........................tons: 32.5 35,278 Sugarcane ..........................tons: 37.4 34,381 Tobacco ..........................pounds: 1,942 325,220 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas 2/ ........................cwt: 1,144 5,632 Dry edible beans 2/ .................cwt: 2,081 31,289 Dry edible peas 2/ ..................cwt: 1,775 16,679 Lentils 2/ ..........................cwt: 1,002 9,049 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops .............................pounds: 1,944 87,072.2 Maple syrup .....................gallons: (NA) 5,860 Mushrooms ........................pounds: (NA) 658,739 Peppermint oil ...................pounds: 103 2,391 Potatoes ............................cwt: 454 420,242 Spearmint oil ....................pounds: 132 1,357 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Area planted for all purposes. 2/ Yield in pounds. Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2024 and 2025 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2025 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested Crop :----------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : hectares : Grains and hay : Barley .........................: 960,330 937,670 758,790 Corn for grain 1/ ..............:36,662,490 38,577,480 33,547,180 Corn for silage ................: (NA) 2,468,610 Hay, all 2/ ....................: (NA) (NA) 19,987,640 19,624,630 Alfalfa ......................: (NA) 5,913,330 All other ....................: (NA) 14,074,310 Oats ...........................: 895,580 881,010 358,560 Proso millet ...................: 194,660 172,800 Rice ...........................: 1,177,650 1,171,580 1,160,250 Rye ............................: 892,750 162,690 Sorghum for grain 1/ ...........: 2,549,550 2,656,790 2,268,290 Sorghum for silage .............: (NA) 123,840 Wheat, all 2/ ..................:18,647,710 18,352,690 15,568,020 Winter .......................:13,512,600 13,482,250 10,563,620 Durum ........................: 835,280 815,450 823,950 Other spring .................: 4,299,830 4,054,990 4,180,450 : Oilseeds : Canola .........................: 1,113,500 1,038,430 1,096,710 Cottonseed .....................: (X) (X) Flaxseed .......................: 59,890 74,870 56,660 Mustard seed ...................: 74,870 71,590 Peanuts ........................: 728,850 789,150 711,450 Rapeseed .......................: 7,080 6,350 Safflower ......................: 47,190 43,710 Soybeans for beans .............:35,228,260 33,789,590 34,823,570 Sunflower ......................: 291,700 434,030 277,660 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops: Cotton, all 2/ .................: 4,525,240 3,993,080 3,347,270 Upland .......................: 4,441,470 3,929,540 3,266,050 American Pima ................: 83,770 63,540 81,220 Sugarbeets .....................: 446,900 458,110 439,290 Sugarcane ......................: (NA) 372,310 Tobacco ........................: (NA) (NA) 67,770 67,420 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas ......................: 203,150 227,030 199,270 Dry edible beans ...............: 620,390 594,890 608,490 Dry edible peas ................: 394,980 362,200 380,370 Lentils ........................: 378,790 445,160 365,440 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops ...........................: (NA) 18,130 Maple syrup ....................: (NA) (NA) Mushrooms ......................: (NA) (NA) Peppermint oil .................: (NA) 9,390 Potatoes .......................: 376,360 374,500 Spearmint oil ..................: (NA) 4,170 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2024 and 2025 (continued) [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2025 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield per hectare : Production Crop :----------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : metric tons : Grains and hay : Barley .................................: 4.13 3,131,660 Corn for grain .........................: 11.26 377,632,690 Corn for silage ........................: 45.24 111,668,090 Hay, all 2/ ............................: 5.56 111,095,660 Alfalfa ..............................: 7.65 45,214,090 All other ............................: 4.68 65,881,570 Oats ...................................: 2.74 984,010 Proso millet ...........................: 1.85 318,900 Rice ...................................: 8.68 10,075,780 Rye ....................................: 2.30 374,130 Sorghum for grain ......................: 3.85 8,734,190 Sorghum for silage .....................: 29.76 3,684,980 Wheat, all 2/ ..........................: 3.45 53,650,020 Winter ...............................: 3.48 36,711,860 Durum ................................: 2.64 2,178,630 Other spring .........................: 3.53 14,759,530 : Oilseeds : Canola .................................: 2.00 2,192,680 Cottonseed .............................: (X) 3,992,520 Flaxseed ...............................: 1.08 61,470 Mustard seed ...........................: 0.65 46,270 Peanuts ................................: 4.11 2,924,770 Rapeseed ...............................: 2.26 14,380 Safflower ..............................: 1.34 58,780 Soybeans for beans .....................: 3.41 118,836,440 Sunflower ..............................: 1.87 519,640 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops : Cotton, all 2/ .........................: 0.94 3,138,280 Upland ...............................: 0.93 3,036,380 American Pima ........................: 1.25 101,890 Sugarbeets .............................: 72.85 32,003,660 Sugarcane ..............................: 83.77 31,189,920 Tobacco ................................: 2.18 147,520 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas ..............................: 1.28 255,460 Dry edible beans .......................: 2.33 1,419,250 Dry edible peas ........................: 1.99 756,550 Lentils ................................: 1.12 410,460 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops ...................................: 2.18 39,500 Maple syrup ............................: (NA) 29,300 Mushrooms ..............................: (NA) 298,800 Peppermint oil .........................: 0.12 1,080 Potatoes ...............................: 50.90 19,061,860 Spearmint oil ..........................: 0.15 620 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Area planted for all purposes. 2/ Total may not add due to rounding. Winter Weather Summary Highlights: On the strength of a very warm December and a dry January, the Lower 48 States experienced an overall mild, dry winter. However, spatial details revealed a much more complex scenario, highlighted by persistently warm, dry weather in the Southwest; episodic cold outbreaks in the central and eastern United States, as well as the Northwest; and a lack of winter snowfall in many areas from the northern Plains to the northern Atlantic Coast, including the western Corn Belt. Northern "snow drought" stood in stark contrast to several Southern snowstorms, including epic accumulations on January 21 along the Gulf Coast. In southern California, warm, windy weather-in the wake of a pair of winters with abundant precipitation and robust vegetative growth-culminated in disastrous and apocalyptic wildfires, starting on January 7, 2025. Following a protracted wait, La Niņa finally developed-albeit weakly-in time to influence winter weather patterns across North America. Southwestern warmth and dryness, as well as occasionally sharp cold waves in the central and eastern United States, were consistent with a La Niņa-driven regime. La Niņa also likely influenced Western precipitation patterns, leading to a sharp gradient between Southwestern dryness and robust storminess extending eastward from Oregon and northern California. By the end of winter, there were two main areas of drought across the western and central United States-one focused from southern California to western and southern Texas, and the other covering portions of the northern Plains and upper Midwest. Among states comprising the Rockies and Plains, topsoil moisture rated very short to short at the end of February-as reported by USDA/NASS-ranged from 35 percent in Kansas to 83 percent in South Dakota. Trailing South Dakota were New Mexico (79 percent very short to short), Nebraska (71 percent), Texas (64 percent), Wyoming (64 percent), and Colorado (58 percent). Overwintering conditions were decidedly mixed for wheat, which had struggled with widespread dryness during the autumn establishment season. Among major winter wheat production states on the Plains, South Dakota led at the end of February with 42 percent of the crop rated in very poor to poor condition, followed by Nebraska (38 percent) and Texas (33 percent). Winter wheat in Texas further deteriorated in early spring amid warmth, howling winds, and blowing dust, leaving 39 percent of the crop rated very poor to poor by March 16. According to the U.S. Drought Monitor, drought coverage stood at 43.59 percent of the Lower 48 States on March 11, 2025, virtually unchanged from 43.64 percent on December 3, 2024. Coverage had briefly dipped below 37 percent for 2 weeks in January. However, coverage of extreme to exceptional drought-D3 to D4-increased from 4.65 to 7.47 percent between December 3 and March 11, mostly reflecting worsening conditions in parts of the Southwest. Historical Perspective: According to preliminary data provided by the National Centers for Environmental Information, the Nation experienced a mild, dry winter, on the strength of a very warm December (fourth warmest on record) and a very dry January (fifth driest). Overall, it was the Nation's 27th-warmest, 20th-driest winter during the 130-year period of record. Despite the December-February temperature averaging 34.09°F (1.86°F above the 20th-century mean), it was the coldest winter across the Lower 48 States since 2020-21. Meanwhile, winter precipitation averaged 5.87 inches across the contiguous United States, 0.92 inch below the 1901-2000 mean. It was the Nation's third-driest winter in the last two decades, comparable to 2013-14 (5.82 inches) and 2021-22 (5.80 inches). Only a handful of states from the Ohio Valley to the mid-Atlantic ranked in the lower (colder) half of the winter temperature distribution. West Virginia, with its 53rd-coldest winter, had the lowest ranking. Conversely, it was a top-ten winter for warmth in Arizona, California, and Nevada. Meanwhile, state precipitation rankings ranged from the second-driest winter in Arizona and New Mexico to the 16th-wettest winter in Kentucky. Utah also made the top-ten list for winter dryness. In Arizona, December-February precipitation averaged 0.39 inch, just 11 percent of the 1901-2000 mean; only the winter of 2005-06, with 0.21 inch, was drier. Similarly, New Mexico's winter precipitation averaged 0.38 inch, barely wetter than the 2005-06 record low of 0.34 inch. December: December's atmospheric patterns across the country were consistent with those typically observed during La Niņa. Notably, warmer- and drier-than-normal weather dominated the Nation's southwestern quadrant, from southern California to the central and southern High Plains. Conversely, Pacific storm systems frequently affected northern California and the Northwest. Consequently, there was a sharp divide between mostly favorable early-season mountain snowpack in the Northwest and non-existent to deficient snowpack in the Southwest. Farther east, episodic cold outbreaks-also typical of La Niņa-led to substantial day-to-day temperature variations across the central and eastern United States. Still, monthly temperatures averaged 2 to 10°F above normal in most locations from the Pacific Coast to the Mississippi Valley, with colder-than-normal conditions largely limited to portions of the Atlantic Coast States. The warmest weather, relative to normal, affected the northern High Plains and eastern slopes of the northern Rockies, where frequent downslope (chinook) winds kept cold air and most precipitation at bay. Meanwhile, key winter agricultural regions in Deep South Texas and peninsular Florida escaped without a December freeze, despite several incursions of chilly air. Despite the return of dry weather across the central and southern High Plains, winter wheat continued to benefit from precipitation that had fallen during November. Farther north, however, pockets of significant drought continued to adversely affect a portion of the northern Plains' wheat. Despite wheat lacking a protective snow cover, except in some northern production areas, the crop was overwintering well. Exceptions included areas where wheat fields were exhibiting drought-related uneven emergence or poor establishment. Elsewhere, abundant December precipitation from eastern Texas into the mid-South and Midwest reduced drought coverage and intensity, while portions of the lower Southeast-including much of Florida-ended the year on a dry note. The month ended with unusual warmth affecting a broad area-a fitting close to the Nation's warmest year on record. On December 30, parts of Texas narrowly missed experiencing triple-digit heat, as Faith Ranch-near Carrizo Springs- topped out at 99°F. On the same day, the reading of 91°F in Del Rio, Texas, tied a monthly record originally set on December 14, 2019. One byproduct of the warmth was a 4-day severe weather outbreak starting December 26 that spawned several dozen tornadoes-mostly from eastern Texas to the southern Atlantic States-and a barrage of wind-damage reports peaking on December 28. January: With a weak La Niņa in place, episodic January cold outbreaks fueled a colder-than-normal month nearly nationwide. Cold weather was particularly pronounced in the central and eastern United States, with parts of the central and southern Plains, as well as an area extending from the Ohio Valley to the Gulf Coast, noting monthly temperatures ranging from 5 to 10°F below normal. The chilly pattern was highlighted by a sharp cold outbreak that generally peaked from January 19-22. The Arctic blast, which trailed multiple winter-weather events-including a Deep South snowstorm- resulted in sub-0°F temperatures as far south as the northern panhandle of Texas and the Ohio Valley. On January 22, widespread readings below 10°F were reported in the central Gulf Coast region, although freshly fallen snow from southeastern Texas to the southern Atlantic Coast-excluding Florida's peninsula-helped to insulate winter grains and cover crops, as well as Louisiana's new-growth sugarcane. Deep South Texas experienced a single night with sub-freezing temperatures, while Florida's citrus belt escaped with scattered frost. Farther north and west, the Plains' winter wheat-already struggling in some areas due to drought-was broadly exposed to bitterly cold air without the benefit of a protective snow cover. Not unexpectedly, some of the lowest-rated wheat, according to USDA/NASS, was situated in the coldest, driest areas, with 34 percent of Nebraska's crop in very poor to poor condition on January 31, along with 28 percent of South Dakota's wheat. Across the Plains and neighboring states, topsoil moisture at the end of January was rated 88 percent very short to short in New Mexico, along with 83 percent in South Dakota, 81 percent in Wyoming, 78 percent in Nebraska, 62 percent in Montana, 54 percent in Texas, and 51 percent in Colorado. Although wintry weather bypassed some areas, there were plenty of January storm systems. East of the Rockies, the three most notable storms were spaced roughly a week apart, starting on January 5-6 and ending on January 21-22. The initial system dumped heavy snow from the east-central Plains to the middle Atlantic States, while subsequent storms affected areas farther south. As the final major storm traversed the Deep South, historically heavy snow developed on January 21 from southeastern Texas to northern Florida and southern Georgia. In fact, January 21 became the snowiest day on record in multiple cities and towns from Beaumont-Port Arthur, Texas, to Pensacola, Florida. With storm-total snowfall of 8.9 inches, Pensacola (and many other communities in the panhandle) more than doubled Florida's former state record 24-hour snowfall, which had been 4.0 inches in Milton on March 6, 1954. However, all three major storms passed well south of the north-central United States, leaving parts of the northern Plains and much of the western Corn Belt in a "snow drought." Through January, season-to-date snowfall amounts in locations such as Des Moines, Iowa (4.7 inches), and Lincoln, Nebraska (1.0 inch), were considerably below the totals in Gulf Coast cities such as New Orleans, Louisiana (8.0 inches), and Mobile, Alabama (7.5 inches). Farther west, the middle of winter was disappointingly quiet in most areas from the Pacific Coast to the Rockies. In fact, Southwestern snowpack was seriously deficient, with most river basins in Arizona and New Mexico reporting a snow-water equivalency less than one-half of the end-of-January average. Much of the Northwest also experienced a drier-than-normal January, although earlier storminess had helped to establish high-elevation snowpack. The line separating respectable and insufficient snowpack ran through the Sierra Nevada, which on average added less than an inch of snow-water equivalency in January. By month's end, the average water equivalency of the Sierra Nevada snowpack stood at less than 11 inches, only two-thirds of the late-January average, with values ranging from less than 7 inches in the south to about 15 inches in the north. Meanwhile in southern California, a delayed-onset wet season, following abundant vegetative growth during the wetter-than-normal winters of 2022-23 and 2023-24, set the stage for a horrific rash of wildfires, starting on January 7. Collectively, southern California's wildfires scorched more than 57,000 acres of terrain; destroyed more than 16,000 homes, businesses, and other buildings; and resulted in at least 29 fatalities. In terms of incinerated structures, the 14,021-acre Eaton Fire and the 23,707-acre Palisades Fire became the second- and third-most destructive blazes, respectively, in state history, as well as California's fifth- and ninth-deadliest wildfires. February: Like January, February featured a sharp cold wave peaking just after the middle of the month. However, winter wheat's protective snow cover across the Plains was much more expansive during the latter outbreak, limiting winterkill losses that might otherwise have occurred. There were also several less-severe cold spells, leading to February temperatures averaging 5 to 15°F below normal across the northern half of the Plains. Colder-than-normal conditions also spilled into the Northwest, as well as much of the southern Plains and Midwest. Conversely, warmer-than-normal weather dominated the Southeast and Southwest, with February temperatures averaging at least 5°F above normal in Florida cities such as Orlando and Tallahassee, as well as Southwestern communities such as Albuquerque, New Mexico, and Phoenix, Arizona. Florida's peninsula, along with Deep South Texas, escaped the February cold snap without a freeze. According to USDA/NASS, more than one-quarter of the winter wheat was rated in very poor to poor condition at the end of February in several key production states, including South Dakota (42 percent), Nebraska (38 percent), Texas (33 percent), and Oklahoma (29 percent). The crop was faring better in top-producer Kansas (54 percent good to excellent and 14 percent very poor to poor). In Colorado and Montana, 67 percent of the winter wheat was rated in good to excellent condition on February 28. Meanwhile, end-of-February statewide topsoil moisture rated very short to short across the Plains and Rockies ranged from 35 percent in Kansas to 83 percent in South Dakota. Additionally, topsoil moisture was rated at least one-half very short to short in New Mexico (79 percent), Nebraska (71 percent), Texas (64 percent), Wyoming (64 percent), and Colorado (58 percent). In Texas, drought- and freeze-related impacts left 65 percent of the rangeland and pastures in very poor to poor condition by the end of February. In contrast, robust February precipitation was broadly observed, including an area stretching from Oregon and northern California to the northern High Plains. Even southern California experienced some limited drought relief. Wet February weather also affected portions of the central Plains and the South. In the latter region, a mid-month deluge led to extensive flooding in Kentucky and neighboring states. Top-ten crests were reported along the Kentucky River, which rose to its highest level in 4 years in Kentucky locations such as Heidelberg and Ravenna. Elsewhere in Kentucky, significant lowland flooding was observed along the Cumberland, Green, and Rolling Fork Rivers. Near-record flooding was measured along parts of the Obion River in western Tennessee, with the community of Obion noting its highest water level since January 1937. Snow and bitterly cold conditions immediately trailed the mid-South flooding, complicating recovery efforts. Spring and summer runoff prospects across the western United States were decidedly mixed, ranging from abysmal in much of Arizona and New Mexico to mostly favorable from Oregon and northern California to the northern Rockies. The Sierra Nevada served as a transition zone, with the end-of-February average snow-water equivalency of 19 inches (about 85 percent of normal) belying the fact that there was a large variation from 15 inches in the south to more than 23 inches in the north. According to the California Department of Water Resources, the Sierra Nevada snowpack gained an average of approximately 8 inches of water equivalency during February. Crop Comments Corn: Growers intend to plant 95.3 million acres of corn for all purposes in 2025, an increase of 5 percent from last year. Compared with last year, planted acreage is expected to be up or unchanged in 40 of the 48 estimating States. Acreage increases of 400,000 acres or more from last year are expected in Iowa, Minnesota, Nebraska, and South Dakota. Record high acreage is expected in Idaho, Nevada, North Dakota, Oregon, and South Dakota. Record low acreage is expected in Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and West Virginia. Sorghum: Growers intend to plant 6.57 million acres of sorghum for all purposes in 2025, up 4 percent from last year. Kansas, the leading sorghum- producing State, is expecting 3 percent more sorghum acres in 2025 than last year. Texas growers are expecting to plant 12 percent more sorghum acres than last year. As of March 23, Texas growers had planted 37 percent of their expected acreage, 1 percentage point ahead of last year and 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Oats: Area expected to be seeded to oats for the 2025 crop year is estimated at 2.18 million acres, down 2 percent from 2024. If realized, the United States planted area will be the lowest on record. Record low planted acreage is expected in Idaho, Maine, Michigan, New York, Pennsylvania, and Texas. Barley: Producers intend to plant a record low 2.32 million acres of barley for the 2025 crop year, down 2 percent from the previous year. In Montana, the largest barley State, acreage is expected to decrease by 11 percent from last year. Planted area is a record low in California, Colorado, New York, Oregon, Utah, Washington and Wisconsin. Winter wheat: The 2025 winter wheat planted area is estimated at 33.3 million acres, down 2 percent from the previous estimate and down less than 1 percent from last year. Of the total planted acreage, approximately 23.6 million acres are Hard Red Winter, 6.09 million acres are Soft Red Winter, and 3.66 million acres are White Winter. If realized, California and Virginia will have record low planted areas. Durum wheat: Area seeded to Durum wheat for 2025 is estimated at 2.02 million acres, down 2 percent from 2024. As of March 23, heading of Durum wheat in Arizona was 20 percent complete, 18 percentage points behind the 5-year average pace. Other spring wheat: Growers intend to plant 10.0 million acres of other spring wheat, down 6 percent from 2024. Of this total, about 9.40 million acres are Hard Red Spring wheat. Planted area in North Dakota, the largest spring wheat-producing State, is estimated at 5.05 million acres, down 6 percent from last year. Hay: Producers intend to harvest 48.5 million acres of all hay in 2025, down 2 percent from 2024. Record low all hay harvested area is expected in Massachusetts, Michigan, North Dakota, and Washington while a record high is expected in Florida. Rice: Area planted to rice in 2025 is expected to total 2.90 million acres, down 1 percent from 2024. Arkansas, the largest long grain rice-producing State, is expected to decrease long grain acres by 1 percent from the previous year, but medium grain acres are expected to increase 20 percent in the State. California, the largest medium and short grain-producing State, is expected to decrease medium grain planted area by 2 percent and decrease short grain planted area by 7 percent compared with last year. Canola: Producers intend to plant 2.57 million acres in 2025, down 7 percent from last year's record high planted area. If realized, planted area for the Nation will be the second largest on record. Compared with last year, planted area is down in five of the seven major canola-producing States, with only Kansas and Washington showing an increase. Planted area in North Dakota, the leading canola-producing State, is down 4 percent from last year but will represent the second highest area on record, if realized. Planted area in Washington is estimated at 165,000 acres and will be a record high, if realized. Soybeans: Growers intend to plant 83.5 million acres in 2025, down 4 percent from last year. Compared with last year, planting intentions are down or unchanged in 23 of the 29 estimating States. Decreases of 300,000 acres or more are anticipated in Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota. If realized, the planted acres in New York and Ohio will be the largest on record. Peanuts: Growers intend to plant 1.95 million acres in 2025, up 8 percent from 2024. Compared with last year, planted acreage is expected to increase 9 percent or more in Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, and South Carolina. In Georgia, the largest peanut-producing State, planted area is expected to be up 12 percent from last year to 950,000 acres. Sunflower: Growers intend to plant 1.07 million acres in 2025, an increase of 49 percent from last year's record low planted area. If realized, this will still represent the fourth lowest planted area on record for the Nation since 1976. Compared with last year, growers in seven of the eight major sunflower-producing States expect an increase in planted acreage this year, with California representing the only State that is expecting a decline from 2024. Planted area in North Dakota is expected to increase 64 percent from last year to 500,000 acres. Record low planted area is expected in California. Area intended for oil type varieties, at 960,500 acres, is up 62 percent from 2024 but will represent the fourth lowest planted area since 1976, if realized. Of the eight major sunflower-producing States, only California is expecting a decrease in acreage planted to oil type varieties of sunflower. Area intended for non-oil varieties, at 112,000 acres, is down 12 percent from last year and will represent the second lowest acreage on record for the Nation, if realized. Compared with last year, growers in six of the eight major sunflower-producing States expect an increase in acreage for non-oil type varieties. The only two States expecting a decline from 2024 are Colorado and North Dakota, which are expecting declines of 1,000 acres and 25,000 acres, respectively. Flaxseed: Growers intend to plant 185,000 acres of flaxseed in 2025, an increase of 25 percent from 2024. Planted acreage in North Dakota, the largest flaxseed-producing State, is expected to be up 9 percent from 2024. Planted acreage in Montana is expected to increase 52 percent from the previous year. Cotton: Growers intend to plant an estimated 9.87 million acres of all cotton, down 12 percent from last year. Upland cotton planted area is estimated at 9.71 million acres, down 12 percent from 2024. American Pima planted area is estimated at 157,000 acres, down 24 percent from 2024. Compared with last year, acreage decreases are expected in all cotton- estimating States except Arizona and Kansas. Area planted to all cotton in Georgia and Texas, the largest cotton-producing States, is expected to decline by 9 percent and 8 percent, respectively, compared with last year. If realized, all cotton planted area in Louisiana and New Mexico will be the lowest on record. Sugarbeets: Area expected to be planted to sugarbeets for the 2025 crop year is estimated at 1.13 million acres, up 3 percent from 2024. Compared with last year, intended planted acreage in Minnesota is expected to increase by 5 percent this season. Tobacco: United States all tobacco area for harvest in 2025 is expected to total 166,600 acres, down 1 percent from 2024. If realized, this will be the lowest tobacco harvested area on record for the Nation. Compared with last year, harvested acreage is expected to be down in two of the four major tobacco-producing States. Record low area harvested is expected in Kentucky and Virginia. Flue-cured tobacco, at 126,400 acres, is unchanged from 2024 and accounts for 76 percent of this year's total expected harvested acreage. The light air- cured burley tobacco, at 27,500 acres, is down 4 percent from last year. Fire-cured tobacco, at 7,400 acres, is down 12 percent from 2024. Dark air-cured tobacco, at 5,300 acres, is up 31 percent from the previous year. Dry edible beans: Growers intend to plant 1.47 million acres in 2025, down 4 percent from the previous year. Record high planted area is expected in Minnesota. Chickpeas: Growers intend to plant 561,000 acres of chickpeas, up 12 percent from the previous year. Planted area for small chickpeas is estimated at 125,000 acres. Area expected to be planted for large chickpeas in 2025 is estimated at 436,000 acres. Lentils: Growers intend to plant 1.10 million acres in 2025, up 18 percent from the previous season. Planted area is expected to increase in all program States, with a record high expected in Montana. Dry edible peas: Growers intend to plant 895,000 acres in 2025, down 8 percent from the previous year. Planted area is expected to decrease in Montana, Nebraska, and North Dakota, with a record low in Nebraska. Statistical Methodology Survey Procedures: The acreage estimates in this report are based primarily on surveys conducted during the first two weeks of March. The March Agricultural Survey is a probability survey that includes a sample of approximately 73,700 farm operators selected from a list of producers that ensures all operations in the United States have a chance to be selected. Data from operators was collected by mail, internet, or telephone to obtain information on crop acreage intentions for the 2025 crop year. Estimating Procedures: National, Regional, State, and grower reported data were reviewed for reasonableness and consistency with historical estimates. Each Regional Field Office submits their analysis of the current situation to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). Survey data are compiled to the National level and are reviewed at this level independently of each State's review. Acreage estimates were based on survey data and the historical relationship of official estimates to the survey data. Revision Policy: Acreage estimates in the Prospective Plantings report will not be revised. These estimates are intended to reflect grower intentions as of the survey period. New acreage estimates will be made based on surveys conducted in June when crop acreages have been established or planting intentions are firm. These new estimates will be published in the Acreage report scheduled for June 30, 2025. Winter wheat is an exception. Since winter wheat was seeded prior to the March survey, any changes in estimates in this report are considered revisions. The estimate of the harvested acreage of winter wheat will be published on May 12, 2025, along with the first production forecast of the crop year. Reliability: The survey used to make acreage estimates is subject to sampling and non-sampling errors that are common to all surveys. Sampling errors represent the variability between estimates that would result if many different samples were surveyed at the same time. Sampling errors for major crops are generally between 1.0 and 3.0 percent, but they cannot be applied directly to the acreage published in this report to determine confidence intervals because the official estimates represent a composite of information from more than a single source. Non-sampling errors cannot be measured directly. They may occur due to incorrect reporting and/or recording, data omissions or duplications, and errors in processing. To minimize non-sampling errors, vigorous quality controls are used in the data collection process and all data are carefully reviewed for consistency and reasonableness. To assist users in evaluating the reliability of acreage estimates in this report, the "Root Mean Square Error," a statistical measure based on past performance, is computed. The deviations between the acreage estimates in this report and the final estimates are expressed as a percentage of the final estimates. The average of squared percentage deviations for the latest 20-year period is computed. The square root of the average becomes statistically the "Root Mean Square Error." Probability statements can be made concerning expected differences in the current estimates relative to the final end-of-season estimates, assuming that factors affecting this year's estimates are not different from those influencing recent years. For example, the "Root Mean Square Error" for the corn planted estimate is 2.3 percent. This means that chances are 2 out of 3 that the current corn acreage estimate will not be above or below the final estimate by more than 2.3 percent. Chances are 9 out of 10 (90 percent confidence level) that the difference will not exceed 4.0 percent. Also, shown in the following table is a 20-year record for selected crops of the difference between the Prospective Plantings planted acreage estimates and the final estimates. Using corn again as an example, changes between the intentions estimates and the final estimates during the past 20 years have averaged 1.46 million acres, ranging from 32,000 acres to 6.56 million acres. The prospective plantings estimates have been below the final estimate 11 times and above 9 times. This does not imply that the planted estimate this year is likely to understate or overstate the final estimate. Reliability of Prospective Plantings Planted Acreage Estimates [Based on data for the past twenty years] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : Difference between forecast : : : and final estimate : : :---------------------------------------------------------------- : : 90 percent : Thousand acres : Years Crop : Root mean : confidence :---------------------------------------------------------------- : square error : interval : : : : Below : Above : : : Average : Smallest : Largest : final : final --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ percent ------ --------- 1,000 acres --------- ---- number --- : Barley .......................: 7.6 13.2 203 14 401 8 12 Corn .........................: 2.3 4.0 1,464 32 6,558 11 9 Hay 1/ .......................: 3.2 5.5 1,515 34 3,769 2 18 Oats .........................: 6.5 11.2 132 3 490 7 13 Peanuts ......................: 7.8 13.4 102 8 216 11 9 Rice .........................: 7.2 12.5 172 22 329 10 10 Sorghum ......................: 8.2 14.2 440 39 1,220 12 8 Soybeans .....................: 3.4 5.9 1,837 156 8,517 8 12 Sugarbeets ...................: 1.7 3.0 16 1 46 10 10 Upland cotton ................: 7.7 13.3 737 13 2,115 13 7 Wheat : Winter wheat ................: 1.9 3.2 600 21 1,242 5 15 Durum wheat .................: 21.5 37.2 238 36 1,028 13 7 Other spring ................: 5.7 9.9 545 86 2,083 7 13 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Harvested acreage. USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service Information Contacts Listed below are the commodity statisticians in the Crops Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to nass@usda.gov Patrick Boyle, Chief, Crops Branch................................................... (202) 720-2127 Chris Hawthorn, Head, Field Crops Section............................................ (202) 720-2127 Irwin Anolik - Crop Progress and Condition, Flaxseed, Mustardseed............... (202) 720-7621 Joshua Bates - Hemp, Oats, Soybeans............................................. (202) 690-3234 Natasha Bruton - Barley, Cotton System Consumption and Stocks, Grain Crushings.. (202) 690-1042 David Colwell - Fats and Oils, Flour Milling Products........................... (202) 720-8800 Michelle Harder - Hay, Peanuts.................................................. (202) 690-8533 James Johanson - Rye, Wheat..................................................... (202) 720-8068 Greg Lemmons - Corn, Proso Millet, Rice......................................... (202) 720-9526 Becky Sommer - Cotton, Cotton Ginnings, Sorghum................................. (202) 720-5944 Travis Thorson - Canola, Rapeseed, Safflower, Sunflower......................... (202) 720-7369 Fleming Gibson, Head, Fruits, Vegetables and Special Crops Section................... (202) 720-2127 Deonne Holiday - Almonds, Carrots, Coffee, Cranberries, Garlic, Onions, Plums, Prunes, Tobacco............................................................... (202) 720-4288 Bret Holliman - Apricots, Chickpeas, Nectarines, Peaches, Snap Beans, Sweet Corn, Tomatoes................................................................. (202) 720-7235 Robert Little - Blueberries, Cabbage, Dry Edible Beans, Kale, Lettuce, Macadamia, Maple Syrup, Pears, Raspberries, Spinach.................................. (202) 720-3250 Krishna Rizal - Artichokes, Asparagus, Celery, Grapefruit, Kiwifruit, Lemons, Mandarins and tangerines, Mint, Mushrooms, Olives, Oranges, Pistachios............... (202) 720-5412 Chris Singh - Apples, Cucumbers, Hazelnuts, Potatoes, Pumpkins, Squash, Strawberries, Sugarbeets, Sugarcane, Sweet Potatoes.......................... (202) 720-4285 Antonio Torres - Beets, Cantaloupes, Dry Edible Peas, Grapes, Green Peas, Honeydews, Lentils, Sweet Cherries, Tart Cherries, Walnuts, Watermelons.............. (202) 720-2157 Chris Wallace - Avocados, Bell Peppers, Broccoli, Cauliflower, Chile Peppers, Dates, Floriculture, Hops, Papayas, Pecans............................ 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