Crop Production ISSN: 1936-3737 Released October 11, 2024, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Corn Production Up Less Than 1 Percent from September Forecast Soybean Production Down Slightly Cotton Production Down 2 Percent Orange Production Down 5 Percent from Last Season Corn production for grain is forecast at 15.2 billion bushels, up less than 1 percent from the previous forecast but down 1 percent from 2023. Based on conditions as of October 1, yields are expected to average 183.8 bushels per harvested acre, up 0.2 bushel from the previous forecast and up 6.5 bushels from last year. Area harvested for grain is forecast at 82.7 million acres, unchanged from the previous forecast but down 4 percent from the previous year. Soybean production for beans is forecast at a record high 4.58 billion bushels, down slightly from the previous forecast but up 10 percent from 2023. Based on conditions as of October 1, yields are expected to average a record high 53.1 bushels per acre, down 0.1 bushel from the previous forecast but up 2.5 bushels from 2023. Area harvested for beans in the United States is forecast at 86.3 million acres, unchanged from the previous forecast but up 5 percent from 2023. All cotton production is forecast at 14.2 million 480-pound bales, down 2 percent from the previous forecast but up 18 percent from 2023. Based on conditions as of October 1, yields are expected to average 789 pounds per harvested acre, down 18 pounds from the previous forecast and down 110 pounds from 2023. Upland cotton production is forecast at 13.7 million 480-pound bales, down 2 percent from the previous forecast but up 16 percent from 2023. Pima cotton production is forecast at 516,000 bales, down 6 percent from the previous forecast but up 63 percent from 2023. All cotton area harvested is forecast at 8.63 million acres, unchanged from the previous forecast but up 34 percent from 2023. The United States all orange forecast for the 2024-2025 season is 2.62 million tons, down 5 percent from the 2023-2024 final utilization. The Florida all orange forecast, at 15.0 million boxes (675,000 tons), is down 16 percent from last season's final utilization. In Florida, early, midseason, and Navel varieties are forecast at 6.00 million boxes (270,000 tons), down 11 percent from last season's final utilization. The Florida Valencia orange forecast, at 9.00 million boxes (405,000 tons), is down 20 percent from last season's final utilization. The California all orange forecast is 47.7 million boxes (1.91 million tons), up less than 1 percent from the last season's final utilization. The California Navel orange forecast is 39.0 million boxes (1.56 million tons), unchanged from last month but up 2 percent from the last season's final utilization. The California Valencia orange forecast is 8.70 million boxes (348,000 tons), down 6 percent from last season's final utilization. The Texas all orange forecast, at 850,000 boxes (36,000 tons), is down 28 percent from last season's final utilization. This report was approved on October 11, 2024. Secretary of Agriculture Thomas J. Vilsack Agricultural Statistics Board Chairperson Lance Honig Contents Corn for Grain Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted October 1, 2024.................................................................................................... 6 Corn Production - United States Chart.............................................................................. 7 Sorghum for Grain Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted October 1, 2024.................................................................................................... 8 Rice Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted October 1, 2024......... 9 Rice Production by Class - United States: 2023 and Forecasted October 1, 2024...................................... 9 Soybeans for Beans Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted October 1, 2024.................................................................................................... 10 Soybean Production - United States Chart........................................................................... 11 Sunflower Area Planted and Harvested by Type - States and United States: 2023 and 2024............................. 12 Sunflower Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Type - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted October 1, 2024.................................................................................................... 13 Peanut Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted October 1, 2024.................................................................................................... 14 Canola Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2023 and 2024........................................ 15 Canola Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted October 1, 2024....... 15 Cotton Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Type - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted October 1, 2024.................................................................................................... 16 Cottonseed Production - United States: 2023 and Forecasted October 1, 2024......................................... 17 Cotton Production - United States Chart............................................................................ 17 Alfalfa and Alfalfa Mixtures for Hay Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted October 1, 2024......................................................................................... 18 All Other Hay Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted October 1, 2024.................................................................................................... 19 Sugarbeet Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted October 1, 2024.................................................................................................... 20 Sugarcane for Sugar and Seed Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted October 1, 2024......................................................................................... 20 Dry Edible Bean Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2023 and 2024............................... 21 Dry Edible Bean Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted October 1, 2024.................................................................................................... 21 Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted October 1, 2024.................................................................................................... 22 Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Class and Type - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted October 1, 2024......................................................................................... 23 Utilized Production of Citrus Fruits by Crop - States and United States: 2023-2024 and Forecasted October 1, 2024.................................................................................................... 24 Pecan Production by Variety - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted October 1, 2024........................ 25 Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2023 and 2024............ 26 Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2023 and 2024.............. 28 Fruits and Nuts Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2023 and 2024........................................ 30 Fruits and Nuts Production in Metric Units - United States: 2023 and 2024.......................................... 31 Corn for Grain Plant Population per Acre - Selected States: 2020-2024.............................................. 32 Corn for Grain Number of Ears per Acre - Selected States: 2020-2024................................................ 33 Corn Objective Yield Percent of Samples Processed in the Lab - United States: 2020-2024............................ 33 Soybean Pods with Beans per 18 Square Feet - Selected States: 2020-2024............................................ 34 Soybean Objective Yield Percent of Samples Processed in the Lab - United States: 2020-2024......................... 34 Percent of Normal Precipitation Map................................................................................ 35 Departure from Normal Temperature Map.............................................................................. 35 September Weather Summary.......................................................................................... 36 September Agricultural Summary..................................................................................... 37 Crop Comments...................................................................................................... 39 Statistical Methodology............................................................................................ 44 Reliability of October 1 Crop Production Forecast.................................................................. 45 Information Contacts............................................................................................... 46 This page intentionally left blank. Corn for Grain Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted October 1, 2024 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production :---------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : 2024 : : : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 :-----------------------: 2023 : 2024 : : : :September 1: October 1 : : ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres ---------- bushels ---------- --- 1,000 bushels --- : Alabama .........: 320 270 164.0 108.0 100.0 52,480 27,000 Arkansas ........: 830 485 183.0 186.0 186.0 151,890 90,210 Colorado ........: 1,015 1,175 122.0 123.0 126.0 123,830 148,050 Delaware ........: 172 162 189.0 168.0 160.0 32,508 25,920 Georgia .........: 440 340 174.0 146.0 149.0 76,560 50,660 Idaho ...........: 115 125 203.0 215.0 215.0 23,345 26,875 Illinois ........: 11,050 10,650 206.0 222.0 222.0 2,276,300 2,364,300 Indiana .........: 5,310 5,060 203.0 210.0 202.0 1,077,930 1,022,120 Iowa ............: 12,550 12,350 201.0 212.0 214.0 2,522,550 2,642,900 Kansas ..........: 5,150 5,800 119.0 131.0 138.0 612,850 800,400 : Kentucky ........: 1,500 1,280 187.0 187.0 186.0 280,500 238,080 Louisiana .......: 680 445 175.0 191.0 189.0 119,000 84,105 Maryland ........: 440 405 165.0 137.0 133.0 72,600 53,865 Michigan ........: 2,060 1,900 168.0 182.0 179.0 346,080 340,100 Minnesota .......: 8,180 7,650 185.0 183.0 183.0 1,513,300 1,399,950 Mississippi .....: 770 475 181.0 190.0 187.0 139,370 88,825 Missouri ........: 3,670 3,260 153.0 181.0 185.0 561,510 603,100 Nebraska ........: 9,500 9,700 182.0 195.0 196.0 1,729,000 1,901,200 New York ........: 600 570 159.0 168.0 168.0 95,400 95,760 North Carolina ..: 900 840 147.0 88.0 88.0 132,300 73,920 : North Dakota ....: 3,800 3,640 143.0 146.0 144.0 543,400 524,160 Ohio ............: 3,400 3,170 198.0 187.0 183.0 673,200 580,110 Oklahoma ........: 340 390 149.0 139.0 136.0 50,660 53,040 Pennsylvania ....: 680 675 157.0 139.0 139.0 106,760 93,825 South Carolina ..: 350 325 150.0 90.0 95.0 52,500 30,875 South Dakota ....: 5,620 5,260 152.0 163.0 163.0 854,240 857,380 Tennessee .......: 890 660 173.0 153.0 153.0 153,970 100,980 Texas ...........: 2,100 1,780 122.0 121.0 121.0 256,200 215,380 Virginia ........: 370 350 157.0 100.0 103.0 58,090 36,050 Washington ......: 75 89 240.0 240.0 235.0 18,000 20,915 Wisconsin .......: 3,140 2,940 176.0 182.0 182.0 552,640 535,080 : Other States 1/ .: 489 489 166.8 162.0 159.9 81,557 78,174 : United States ...: 86,506 82,710 177.3 183.6 183.8 15,340,520 15,203,309 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Other States include Arizona, California, Florida, Montana, New Jersey, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, West Virginia, and Wyoming. Individual State level estimates will be published in the "Crop Production 2024 Summary." Sorghum for Grain Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted October 1, 2024 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production :------------------------------------------------------------------------------ State : : : : 2024 : : : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 :-----------------------: 2023 : 2024 : : : :September 1: October 1 : : --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres --------- bushels --------- 1,000 bushels : Colorado ...........: 460 430 32.0 30.0 36.0 14,720 15,480 Kansas .............: 3,250 2,700 52.0 61.0 61.0 169,000 164,700 Nebraska ...........: 225 230 73.0 73.0 82.0 16,425 18,860 Oklahoma ...........: 350 285 47.0 43.0 38.0 16,450 10,830 South Dakota .......: 280 280 90.0 85.0 78.0 25,200 21,840 Texas ..............: 1,550 1,350 49.0 53.0 54.0 75,950 72,900 : United States ......: 6,115 5,275 52.0 57.3 57.7 317,745 304,610 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Rice Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted October 1, 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : 2024 : : : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 :-------------------------: 2023 : 2024 : : : :September 1 : October 1 : : ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres ------------ pounds ----------- ---- 1,000 cwt --- : Arkansas .....: 1,417 1,431 7,550 7,600 7,600 106,968 108,756 California ...: 512 485 8,590 8,800 8,650 43,971 41,953 Louisiana ....: 462 466 6,800 6,650 6,650 31,431 30,989 Mississippi ..: 120 156 7,470 7,500 7,500 8,964 11,700 Missouri .....: 200 214 7,990 7,600 7,700 15,985 16,478 Texas ........: 143 144 7,670 6,500 6,900 10,972 9,936 : United States : 2,854 2,896 7,649 7,588 7,590 218,291 219,812 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Includes sweet rice production. Rice Production by Class - United States: 2023 and Forecasted October 1, 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : Year : Long grain : Medium grain : Short grain 1/ : All : : : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 cwt : 2023 .......: 153,871 63,217 1,203 218,291 2024 2/ ....: 166,808 51,481 1,523 219,812 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Sweet rice production included with short grain. 2/ The 2024 rice production by class forecasts are based on class harvested acreage estimates and the 5-year average class yield compared to the all rice yield. Soybeans for Beans Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted October 1, 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production :------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : 2024 : : : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 :-----------------------: 2023 : 2024 : : : :September 1: October 1 : : ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres --------- bushels --------- -- 1,000 bushels -- : Alabama .........: 340 355 43.0 33.0 31.0 14,620 11,005 Arkansas ........: 2,950 3,020 54.0 55.0 55.0 159,300 166,100 Delaware ........: 148 153 46.0 47.0 40.0 6,808 6,120 Georgia .........: 155 165 43.0 44.0 39.0 6,665 6,435 Illinois ........: 10,300 10,750 63.0 65.0 67.0 648,900 720,250 Indiana .........: 5,480 5,780 61.0 63.0 60.0 334,280 346,800 Iowa ............: 9,880 9,970 58.0 63.0 64.0 573,040 638,080 Kansas ..........: 3,980 4,480 26.0 39.0 39.0 103,480 174,720 Kentucky ........: 1,820 2,040 55.0 52.0 51.0 100,100 104,040 Louisiana .......: 980 1,060 40.0 52.0 52.0 39,200 55,120 : Maryland ........: 460 485 47.0 47.0 46.0 21,620 22,310 Michigan ........: 2,020 2,180 46.0 50.0 52.0 92,920 113,360 Minnesota .......: 7,280 7,330 48.0 49.0 48.0 349,440 351,840 Mississippi .....: 2,130 2,270 56.0 58.0 58.0 119,280 131,660 Missouri ........: 5,520 5,830 48.0 50.0 51.0 264,960 297,330 Nebraska ........: 5,180 5,250 51.5 59.0 59.0 266,770 309,750 New Jersey ......: 98 103 43.0 41.0 38.0 4,214 3,914 New York ........: 340 365 51.0 53.0 55.0 17,340 20,075 North Carolina ..: 1,620 1,620 38.5 36.0 37.0 62,370 59,940 North Dakota ....: 6,160 6,600 35.5 38.0 38.0 218,680 250,800 : Ohio ............: 4,730 5,030 58.0 55.0 52.0 274,340 261,560 Oklahoma ........: 400 455 26.0 26.0 25.0 10,400 11,375 Pennsylvania ....: 560 600 47.0 46.0 41.0 26,320 24,600 South Carolina ..: 385 380 39.0 37.0 38.0 15,015 14,440 South Dakota ....: 5,070 5,400 44.0 47.0 47.0 223,080 253,800 Tennessee .......: 1,570 1,800 51.0 46.0 47.0 80,070 84,600 Texas ...........: 85 80 25.0 39.0 40.0 2,125 3,200 Virginia ........: 570 600 38.0 43.0 44.0 21,660 26,400 Wisconsin .......: 2,060 2,120 51.0 54.0 53.0 105,060 112,360 : United States ...: 82,271 86,271 50.6 53.2 53.1 4,162,057 4,581,984 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Sunflower Area Planted and Harvested by Type - States and United States: 2023 and 2024 [Includes updates to planted and harvested area previously published] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Varietal type : Area planted : Area harvested and State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres : Oil : California .......: 28.0 15.5 27.5 15.0 Colorado .........: 26.0 23.0 23.0 20.0 Kansas ...........: 28.0 10.0 26.0 9.5 Minnesota ........: 49.0 32.0 48.0 31.0 Nebraska .........: 31.0 26.0 30.0 25.0 North Dakota .....: 500.0 230.0 490.0 225.0 South Dakota .....: 455.0 245.0 440.0 235.0 Texas ............: 44.0 15.0 38.0 14.0 : United States ....: 1,161.0 596.5 1,122.5 574.5 : Non-oil : California .......: 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Colorado .........: 8.0 0.5 5.0 0.4 Kansas ...........: 6.0 1.0 5.0 0.9 Minnesota ........: 9.5 6.7 9.0 6.2 Nebraska .........: 8.5 2.3 7.5 2.1 North Dakota .....: 75.0 75.0 71.0 71.0 South Dakota .....: 40.0 34.0 38.0 32.0 Texas ............: 6.5 3.5 5.0 2.9 : United States ....: 154.0 123.5 141.0 116.0 : All : California .......: 28.5 16.0 28.0 15.5 Colorado .........: 34.0 23.5 28.0 20.4 Kansas ...........: 34.0 11.0 31.0 10.4 Minnesota ........: 58.5 38.7 57.0 37.2 Nebraska .........: 39.5 28.3 37.5 27.1 North Dakota .....: 575.0 305.0 561.0 296.0 South Dakota .....: 495.0 279.0 478.0 267.0 Texas ............: 50.5 18.5 43.0 16.9 : United States ....: 1,315.0 720.0 1,263.5 690.5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Forecasted. Sunflower Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Type - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted October 1, 2024 [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Varietal type : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production and State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 1/ : 2023 : 2024 1/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : --- 1,000 acres -- ----- pounds ---- ---- 1,000 pounds --- : Oil : California .....: 27.5 15.0 1,050 28,875 Colorado .......: 23.0 20.0 940 21,620 Kansas .........: 26.0 9.5 930 24,180 Minnesota ......: 48.0 31.0 2,300 110,400 Nebraska .......: 30.0 25.0 1,180 35,400 North Dakota ...: 490.0 225.0 1,970 965,300 South Dakota ...: 440.0 235.0 1,650 726,000 Texas ..........: 38.0 14.0 1,350 51,300 : United States ..: 1,122.5 574.5 1,749 1,963,075 : Non-oil : California .....: 0.5 0.5 1,100 550 Colorado .......: 5.0 0.4 1,100 5,500 Kansas .........: 5.0 0.9 850 4,250 Minnesota ......: 9.0 6.2 2,400 21,600 Nebraska .......: 7.5 2.1 1,170 8,775 North Dakota ...: 71.0 71.0 2,190 155,490 South Dakota ...: 38.0 32.0 2,400 91,200 Texas ..........: 5.0 2.9 1,450 7,250 : United States ..: 141.0 116.0 2,089 294,615 : All : California .....: 28.0 15.5 1,051 1,052 29,425 16,300 Colorado .......: 28.0 20.4 969 945 27,120 19,276 Kansas .........: 31.0 10.4 917 1,204 28,430 12,525 Minnesota ......: 57.0 37.2 2,316 2,133 132,000 79,360 Nebraska .......: 37.5 27.1 1,178 1,068 44,175 28,936 North Dakota ...: 561.0 296.0 1,998 1,997 1,120,790 591,050 South Dakota ...: 478.0 267.0 1,710 1,998 817,200 533,450 Texas ..........: 43.0 16.9 1,362 1,400 58,550 23,660 : United States ..: 1,263.5 690.5 1,787 1,889 2,257,690 1,304,557 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ 2024 yield and production estimates for oil and non-oil varieties will be published in the "Crop Production 2024 Summary." Peanut Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted October 1, 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested State :--------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Alabama ........: 175.0 190.0 171.0 186.0 Arkansas .......: 35.0 45.0 34.0 44.0 Florida ........: 160.0 170.0 152.0 161.0 Georgia ........: 775.0 850.0 769.0 845.0 Mississippi ....: 18.0 26.0 16.0 25.0 Missouri 1/ ....: (NA) 23.0 (NA) 22.0 New Mexico 2/ ..: 11.0 (NA) 9.0 (NA) North Carolina .: 124.0 130.0 123.0 129.0 Oklahoma .......: 16.0 18.0 15.0 17.0 South Carolina .: 77.0 83.0 74.0 80.0 Texas ..........: 225.0 240.0 165.0 210.0 Virginia .......: 29.0 30.0 29.0 30.0 : United States ..: 1,645.0 1,805.0 1,557.0 1,749.0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield per acre : Production State :--------------------------------------------------------------- : : 2024 : : : 2023 :-------------------------: 2023 : 2024 : :September 1 : October 1 : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----------- pounds ----------- ---- 1,000 pounds ---- : Alabama ........: 2,760 3,100 3,300 471,960 613,800 Arkansas .......: 5,800 5,300 5,300 197,200 233,200 Florida ........: 3,440 3,900 3,700 522,880 595,700 Georgia ........: 4,080 4,100 3,800 3,137,520 3,211,000 Mississippi ....: 3,600 3,800 3,800 57,600 95,000 Missouri 1/ ....: (NA) 5,000 5,000 (NA) 110,000 New Mexico 2/ ..: 2,000 (NA) (NA) 18,000 (NA) North Carolina .: 4,200 4,100 4,200 516,600 541,800 Oklahoma .......: 3,880 4,100 3,700 58,200 62,900 South Carolina .: 4,050 4,000 3,900 299,700 312,000 Texas ..........: 2,780 2,600 2,500 458,700 525,000 Virginia .......: 4,800 4,600 4,700 139,200 141,000 : United States ..: 3,775 3,836 3,683 5,877,560 6,441,400 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Estimates began in 2024. 2/ Estimates discontinued in 2024. Canola Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2023 and 2024 [Includes updates to planted and harvested area previously published] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area planted : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres : Idaho 2/ .........: (NA) 95.0 (NA) 93.0 Kansas ...........: 1.5 8.5 0.7 8.0 Minnesota ........: 80.0 110.0 79.0 108.0 Montana ..........: 165.0 215.0 160.0 205.0 North Dakota .....: 1,930.0 2,150.0 1,915.0 2,130.0 Oklahoma .........: 3.0 21.0 1.5 18.0 Washington .......: 165.0 160.0 163.0 158.0 : United States ....: 2,344.5 2,759.5 2,319.2 2,720.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. 1/ Forecasted. 2/ Estimates began in 2024. Canola Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted October 1, 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : --- 1,000 acres --- ----- pounds ---- ---- 1,000 pounds --- : Idaho 1/ .....: (NA) 93.0 (NA) 1,800 (NA) 167,400 Kansas .......: 0.7 8.0 600 1,200 420 9,600 Minnesota ....: 79.0 108.0 2,470 2,500 195,130 270,000 Montana ......: 160.0 205.0 1,420 900 227,200 184,500 North Dakota .: 1,915.0 2,130.0 1,810 1,880 3,466,150 4,004,400 Oklahoma .....: 1.5 18.0 800 1,800 1,200 32,400 Washington ...: 163.0 158.0 1,640 1,630 267,320 257,540 : United States : 2,319.2 2,720.0 1,793 1,811 4,157,420 4,925,840 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Estimates began in 2024. Cotton Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Type - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted October 1, 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production 1/ :-------------------------------------------------------------------------- Type and State : : : : 2024 : : : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 :-----------------------: 2023 : 2024 : : : :September 1: October 1 : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -- 1,000 acres -- ---------- pounds ---------- 1,000 bales 2/ : Upland : Alabama .........: 374.0 395.0 937 869 851 730.0 700.0 Arizona .........: 75.0 95.0 1,331 1,314 1,516 208.0 300.0 Arkansas ........: 505.0 640.0 1,295 1,238 1,200 1,362.0 1,600.0 California ......: 12.8 21.6 2,025 2,000 2,000 54.0 90.0 Florida .........: 87.0 84.0 612 657 629 111.0 110.0 Georgia .........: 1,100.0 1,090.0 949 903 727 2,175.0 1,650.0 Kansas ..........: 94.0 120.0 761 720 760 149.0 190.0 Louisiana .......: 115.0 150.0 872 1,056 960 209.0 300.0 Mississippi .....: 395.0 515.0 1,083 1,118 1,118 891.0 1,200.0 Missouri ........: 330.0 380.0 1,361 1,238 1,238 936.0 980.0 : New Mexico ......: 17.0 27.0 649 889 711 23.0 40.0 North Carolina ..: 370.0 400.0 933 906 840 719.0 700.0 Oklahoma ........: 180.0 315.0 560 533 442 210.0 290.0 South Carolina ..: 207.0 220.0 937 829 818 404.0 375.0 Tennessee .......: 260.0 250.0 1,250 1,114 1,094 677.0 570.0 Texas ...........: 2,100.0 3,650.0 618 539 579 2,705.0 4,400.0 Virginia ........: 80.0 90.0 1,122 960 1,013 187.0 190.0 : United States ...: 6,301.8 8,442.6 895 794 778 11,750.0 13,685.0 : American Pima : Arizona .........: 16.0 14.0 900 891 891 30.0 26.0 California ......: 82.0 135.0 1,346 1,582 1,511 230.0 425.0 New Mexico ......: 16.8 14.0 800 686 686 28.0 20.0 Texas ...........: 23.0 29.0 584 927 745 28.0 45.0 : United States ...: 137.8 192.0 1,101 1,368 1,290 316.0 516.0 : All : Alabama .........: 374.0 395.0 937 869 851 730.0 700.0 Arizona .........: 91.0 109.0 1,255 1,259 1,436 238.0 326.0 Arkansas ........: 505.0 640.0 1,295 1,238 1,200 1,362.0 1,600.0 California ......: 94.8 156.6 1,438 1,640 1,579 284.0 515.0 Florida .........: 87.0 84.0 612 657 629 111.0 110.0 Georgia .........: 1,100.0 1,090.0 949 903 727 2,175.0 1,650.0 Kansas ..........: 94.0 120.0 761 720 760 149.0 190.0 Louisiana .......: 115.0 150.0 872 1,056 960 209.0 300.0 Mississippi .....: 395.0 515.0 1,083 1,118 1,118 891.0 1,200.0 Missouri ........: 330.0 380.0 1,361 1,238 1,238 936.0 980.0 : New Mexico ......: 33.8 41.0 724 820 702 51.0 60.0 North Carolina ..: 370.0 400.0 933 906 840 719.0 700.0 Oklahoma ........: 180.0 315.0 560 533 442 210.0 290.0 South Carolina ..: 207.0 220.0 937 829 818 404.0 375.0 Tennessee .......: 260.0 250.0 1,250 1,114 1,094 677.0 570.0 Texas ...........: 2,123.0 3,679.0 618 542 580 2,733.0 4,445.0 Virginia ........: 80.0 90.0 1,122 960 1,013 187.0 190.0 : United States ...: 6,439.6 8,634.6 899 807 789 12,066.0 14,201.0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Production ginned and to be ginned. 2/ 480-pound net weight bale. Cottonseed Production - United States: 2023 and Forecasted October 1, 2024 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 1/ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 tons : United States ...: 3,644.0 4,341.0 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Based on a 3-year average lint-seed ratio. Alfalfa and Alfalfa Mixtures for Hay Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted October 1, 2024 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : --- 1,000 acres --- ------ tons ----- ---- 1,000 tons --- : Arizona ........: 280 300 8.30 7.60 2,324 2,280 California .....: 480 480 6.50 7.50 3,120 3,600 Colorado .......: 650 700 3.40 4.00 2,210 2,800 Idaho ..........: 1,000 970 4.50 4.20 4,500 4,074 Illinois .......: 180 220 3.80 3.75 684 825 Indiana ........: 270 260 2.50 3.30 675 858 Iowa ...........: 750 720 3.20 4.10 2,400 2,952 Kansas .........: 735 610 3.05 3.90 2,242 2,379 Kentucky .......: 90 80 3.00 3.30 270 264 Michigan .......: 550 550 2.50 3.50 1,375 1,925 : Minnesota ......: 660 680 2.55 3.40 1,683 2,312 Missouri .......: 205 230 2.20 3.50 451 805 Montana ........: 1,650 1,830 2.10 1.90 3,465 3,477 Nebraska .......: 850 930 3.40 4.00 2,890 3,720 Nevada .........: 240 220 4.80 4.90 1,152 1,078 New Mexico .....: 155 130 4.80 4.50 744 585 New York .......: 200 200 2.30 2.40 460 480 North Dakota ...: 1,530 1,200 1.70 1.85 2,601 2,220 Ohio ...........: 290 290 3.90 2.10 1,131 609 Oklahoma .......: 175 200 3.90 3.20 683 640 : Oregon .........: 320 350 4.70 4.80 1,504 1,680 Pennsylvania ...: 270 270 3.00 3.00 810 810 South Dakota ...: 1,690 1,650 2.35 2.70 3,972 4,455 Texas ..........: 85 90 5.50 5.80 468 522 Utah ...........: 490 515 4.00 3.90 1,960 2,009 Virginia .......: 35 35 3.20 2.50 112 88 Washington .....: 440 440 4.90 5.20 2,156 2,288 Wisconsin ......: 640 800 2.70 3.20 1,728 2,560 Wyoming ........: 590 555 3.00 2.40 1,770 1,332 : Other States 1/ : 134 122 2.81 2.85 376 348 : United States ..: 15,634 15,627 3.19 3.45 49,916 53,975 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ For 2023, other States include Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, North Carolina, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Vermont, and West Virginia. For 2024, other States include Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, North Carolina, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Vermont, and West Virginia. Individual State level estimates will be published in the "Crop Production 2024 Summary." All Other Hay Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted October 1, 2024 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : --- 1,000 acres -- ----- tons ----- --- 1,000 tons --- : Alabama 1/ ......: 680 690 2.60 2.80 1,768 1,932 Arkansas 2/ .....: 1,160 1,220 1.90 2.20 2,204 2,684 California ......: 350 430 3.30 3.70 1,155 1,591 Colorado ........: 570 600 1.60 1.30 912 780 Georgia 1/ ......: 510 550 3.10 2.60 1,581 1,430 Idaho ...........: 300 320 2.50 2.10 750 672 Illinois ........: 230 260 2.10 2.60 483 676 Indiana .........: 260 270 2.30 2.20 598 594 Iowa ............: 260 320 2.10 2.60 546 832 Kansas ..........: 2,060 1,730 1.35 1.85 2,781 3,201 : Kentucky ........: 1,980 2,030 2.10 2.50 4,158 5,075 Louisiana 1/ ....: 390 430 2.10 2.70 819 1,161 Michigan ........: 230 230 1.70 2.30 391 529 Minnesota .......: 410 490 1.40 2.30 574 1,127 Mississippi 1/ ..: 580 580 1.90 2.20 1,102 1,276 Missouri ........: 3,650 2,700 1.20 2.00 4,380 5,400 Montana .........: 1,050 1,100 1.75 1.70 1,838 1,870 Nebraska ........: 1,435 1,640 1.70 1.45 2,440 2,378 New York ........: 920 940 1.35 1.90 1,242 1,786 North Carolina ..: 650 640 2.10 1.90 1,365 1,216 : North Dakota ....: 1,260 1,000 1.45 1.40 1,827 1,400 Ohio ............: 520 520 2.50 1.70 1,300 884 Oklahoma ........: 3,900 3,100 1.70 1.80 6,630 5,580 Oregon ..........: 580 610 2.20 2.40 1,276 1,464 Pennsylvania ....: 930 950 2.60 2.20 2,418 2,090 South Dakota ....: 1,265 1,300 1.70 1.55 2,151 2,015 Tennessee .......: 1,700 1,680 2.20 2.00 3,740 3,360 Texas ...........: 4,600 4,900 1.80 2.00 8,280 9,800 Virginia ........: 1,120 1,100 2.10 2.10 2,352 2,310 Washington ......: 400 330 3.00 3.20 1,200 1,056 : West Virginia ...: 600 590 1.70 1.70 1,020 1,003 Wisconsin .......: 390 410 1.30 2.00 507 820 Wyoming .........: 500 520 1.55 1.80 775 936 : Other States 3/ .: 1,747 1,724 2.46 2.29 4,290 3,943 : United States ...: 37,187 35,904 1.85 2.03 68,853 72,871 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Alfalfa and alfalfa mixtures included in all other hay. 2/ Beginning in 2024, alfalfa and alfalfa mixtures are included in all other hay. 3/ Other States include Alaska, Arizona, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Utah, and Vermont. Individual State level estimates will be published in the "Crop Production 2024 Summary." Sugarbeet Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted October 1, 2024 [Relates to year of intended harvest in all States except California] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production :--------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : 2024 : : : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 :-------------------------: 2023 : 2024 : : : :September 1 : October 1 : : ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : -- 1,000 acres -- ------------ tons ----------- -- 1,000 tons -- : California 1/ : 22.6 22.6 48.8 48.8 48.8 1,103 1,103 Colorado .....: 21.3 23.5 28.3 32.7 32.8 603 771 Idaho ........: 174.0 169.0 40.0 39.3 39.2 6,960 6,625 Michigan .....: 132.0 134.0 33.9 36.5 33.4 4,475 4,476 Minnesota ....: 438.0 401.0 28.7 29.9 30.9 12,571 12,391 Montana ......: 23.3 24.0 31.6 32.3 32.5 736 780 Nebraska .....: 46.6 46.7 28.6 31.5 31.2 1,333 1,457 North Dakota .: 228.0 211.0 26.8 29.9 30.7 6,110 6,478 Oregon .......: 10.7 10.4 36.4 37.3 37.3 389 388 Washington ...: 2.0 1.9 49.7 48.8 48.8 99 93 Wyoming ......: 28.8 31.0 29.4 30.9 32.6 847 1,011 : United States : 1,127.3 1,075.1 31.2 32.9 33.1 35,226 35,573 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Relates to year of planting for overwintered beets in southern California. Sugarcane for Sugar and Seed Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted October 1, 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area harvested : Yield per acre 1/ : Production 1/ :--------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : 2024 : : : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 :-------------------------: 2023 : 2024 : : : :September 1 : October 1 : : ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres ------------ tons ------------ -- 1,000 tons -- : Florida ......: 407.6 404.0 44.6 46.1 46.1 18,187 18,624 Louisiana ....: 505.5 520.0 30.1 32.1 32.2 15,208 16,744 Texas 2/ .....: 16.5 (NA) 22.5 (NA) (NA) 371 (NA) : United States : 929.6 924.0 36.3 38.2 38.3 33,766 35,368 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. 1/ Net tons. 2/ Estimates discontinued in 2024. Dry Edible Bean Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2023 and 2024 [Includes updates to planted and harvested area previously published. Excludes beans grown for garden seed and chickpeas] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area planted : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres : California 2/ ....: 16.0 (NA) 15.6 (NA) Colorado .........: 33.0 52.0 29.7 49.0 Idaho ............: 35.0 45.0 34.7 44.0 Michigan .........: 210.0 250.0 208.0 248.0 Minnesota ........: 210.0 280.0 207.0 272.0 Nebraska .........: 100.0 130.0 92.0 121.0 North Dakota .....: 530.0 730.0 525.0 710.0 Washington .......: 32.0 45.0 31.6 44.5 Wyoming 2/ .......: 14.0 (NA) 13.3 (NA) : United States ....: 1,180.0 1,532.0 1,156.9 1,488.5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. 1/ Forecasted. 2/ Estimates discontinued in 2024. Dry Edible Bean Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted October 1, 2024 [Excludes beans grown for garden seed and chickpeas] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre 1/ : Production 1/ State :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----- 1,000 acres ----- ------- pounds ------ ------ 1,000 cwt ----- : California 2/ ..: 15.6 (NA) 2,150 (NA) 336 (NA) Colorado .......: 29.7 49.0 1,830 2,000 543 980 Idaho ..........: 34.7 44.0 2,470 2,400 858 1,056 Michigan .......: 208.0 248.0 2,440 2,600 5,066 6,448 Minnesota ......: 207.0 272.0 2,430 2,000 5,030 5,440 Nebraska .......: 92.0 121.0 2,140 2,100 1,966 2,541 North Dakota ...: 525.0 710.0 1,700 1,650 8,939 11,715 Washington .....: 31.6 44.5 2,760 2,850 873 1,268 Wyoming 2/ .....: 13.3 (NA) 2,250 (NA) 299 (NA) : United States ..: 1,156.9 1,488.5 2,067 1,978 23,910 29,448 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Clean basis. 2/ Estimates discontinued in 2024. Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted October 1, 2024 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production :-------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : 2024 : : : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 :-----------------------: 2023 : 2024 : : : :September 1: October 1 : : ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----- acres ----- ---------- pounds ---------- -- 1,000 pounds -- : Georgia 1/ ........: 6,300 (NA) 2,150 (NA) (NA) 13,545 (NA) Kentucky ..........: 36,800 32,800 2,327 2,205 2,195 85,645 72,000 North Carolina ....: 113,120 117,000 2,299 2,000 1,900 260,098 222,300 Pennsylvania 1/ ...: 3,140 (NA) 2,494 (NA) (NA) 7,830 (NA) South Carolina 1/ .: 5,900 (NA) 1,950 (NA) (NA) 11,505 (NA) Tennessee .........: 9,300 8,300 2,495 2,176 2,145 23,205 17,800 Virginia ..........: 13,070 12,900 2,343 1,900 2,000 30,624 25,800 : United States .....: 187,630 171,000 2,305 2,040 1,976 432,452 337,900 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Estimates discontinued in 2024. Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Class and Type - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted October 1, 2024 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Class, type, and State : : : : 2024 : : : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 :---------------------------: 2023 : 2024 : : : : September 1 : October 1 : : --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ acres ----- ------------ pounds ------------ -- 1,000 pounds -- : Class 1, Flue-cured (11-14) : Georgia 1/ .............................: 6,300 (NA) 2,150 (NA) (NA) 13,545 (NA) North Carolina .........................: 113,000 117,000 2,300 2,000 1,900 259,900 222,300 South Carolina 1/ ......................: 5,900 (NA) 1,950 (NA) (NA) 11,505 (NA) Virginia ...............................: 12,800 12,900 2,350 1,900 2,000 30,080 25,800 : United States ..........................: 138,000 129,900 2,283 1,990 1,910 315,030 248,100 : Class 2, Fire-cured (21-23) : Kentucky ...............................: 6,300 4,700 3,150 2,900 2,900 19,845 13,630 Tennessee ..............................: 5,100 3,700 3,050 2,800 2,800 15,555 10,360 Virginia 1/ ............................: 100 (NA) 1,950 (NA) (NA) 195 (NA) : United States ..........................: 11,500 8,400 3,095 2,856 2,856 35,595 23,990 : Class 3A, Light air-cured : Type 31, Burley : Kentucky .............................: 27,000 25,000 2,100 2,000 2,000 56,700 50,000 North Carolina 1/ ....................: 120 (NA) 1,650 (NA) (NA) 198 (NA) Pennsylvania 1/ ......................: 1,100 (NA) 2,500 (NA) (NA) 2,750 (NA) Tennessee ............................: 3,000 3,600 1,550 1,500 1,400 4,650 5,040 Virginia 1/ ..........................: 170 (NA) 2,050 (NA) (NA) 349 (NA) : United States ........................: 31,390 28,600 2,059 1,937 1,924 64,647 55,040 : Type 32, Southern Maryland Belt 1/ : Pennsylvania .........................: 40 (NA) 2,000 (NA) (NA) 80 (NA) : United States ........................: 40 (NA) 2,000 (NA) (NA) 80 (NA) : Total light air-cured (31-32) ....... : 31,430 28,600 2,059 1,937 1,924 64,727 55,040 : Class 3B, Dark air-cured (35-37) : Kentucky ...............................: 3,500 3,100 2,600 2,800 2,700 9,100 8,370 Tennessee ..............................: 1,200 1,000 2,500 2,300 2,400 3,000 2,400 : United States ..........................: 4,700 4,100 2,574 2,678 2,627 12,100 10,770 : Class 4, Cigar filler 1/ : Type 41, Pennsylvania Seedleaf : Pennsylvania .........................: 2,000 (NA) 2,500 (NA) (NA) 5,000 (NA) : United States ........................: 2,000 (NA) 2,500 (NA) (NA) 5,000 (NA) : All tobacco : United States ..........................: 187,630 171,000 2,305 2,040 1,976 432,452 337,900 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Estimates discontinued in 2024. Utilized Production of Citrus Fruits by Crop - States and United States: 2023-2024 and Forecasted October 1, 2024 [The crop year begins with the bloom of the first year shown and ends with the completion of harvest the following year] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Utilized production boxes 1/ :Utilized production ton equivalent Crop and State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023-2024 : 2024-2025 : 2023-2024 : 2024-2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ 1,000 boxes ----- ------ 1,000 tons ----- Oranges : California, all ............: 47,500 47,700 1,900 1,908 Early, mid, and Navel 2/ ..: 38,200 39,000 1,528 1,560 Valencia ..................: 9,300 8,700 372 348 : Florida, all ...............: 17,960 15,000 808 675 Early, mid, and Navel 2/ ..: 6,760 6,000 304 270 Valencia ..................: 11,200 9,000 504 405 : Texas, all .................: 1,180 850 50 36 Early, mid, and Navel 2/ ..: 690 400 29 17 Valencia ..................: 490 450 21 19 : United States, all .........: 66,640 63,550 2,758 2,619 Early, mid, and Navel 2/ ..: 45,650 45,400 1,861 1,847 Valencia ..................: 20,990 18,150 897 772 : Grapefruit : California .................: 4,300 4,200 172 168 Florida, all ...............: 1,790 1,400 76 60 Texas ......................: 2,400 1,900 96 76 : United States ..............: 8,490 7,500 344 304 : Tangerines and mandarins 3/ : California .................: 27,400 25,000 1,096 1,000 Florida ....................: 450 400 21 19 : United States ..............: 27,850 25,400 1,117 1,019 : Lemons : Arizona ....................: 950 900 38 36 California .................: 24,600 26,000 984 1,040 Florida 4/ .................: (NA) 500 (NA) 23 : United States ..............: 25,550 27,400 1,022 1,099 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Net pounds per box: oranges in California-80, Florida-90, Texas-85; grapefruit in California-80, Florida-85, Texas-80; tangerines and mandarins in California-80, Florida-95; lemons in Arizona-80, California-80, Florida-90. 2/ Navel and miscellaneous varieties in California. Early (including Navel) and midseason varieties in Florida and Texas. 3/ Includes tangelos and tangors. 4/ Estimates began with the 2024-2025 crop year. Pecan Production by Variety - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted October 1, 2024 --------------------------------------------------------------------- : Utilized production (in-shell basis) State and variety :------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 --------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 pounds : Arizona .................: 42,300 37,000 Improved ...............: 42,300 37,000 : Georgia .................: 108,000 99,000 Improved ...............: 108,000 99,000 : New Mexico ..............: 107,500 91,000 Improved ...............: 107,500 91,000 : Oklahoma ................: 18,150 14,800 Improved ...............: 4,300 2,300 Native and seedling ....: 13,850 12,500 : Texas ...................: 30,800 29,100 Improved ...............: 25,500 27,000 Native and seedling ....: 5,300 2,100 : United States ...........: 306,750 270,900 Improved ...............: 287,600 256,300 Native and seedling ....: 19,150 14,600 --------------------------------------------------------------------- Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2023 and 2024 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2024 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area planted : Area harvested Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres : Grains and hay : Barley .................................: 3,109 2,373 2,574 1,875 Corn for grain 1/ ......................: 94,641 90,748 86,506 82,710 Corn for silage ........................: (NA) 6,461 Hay, all ...............................: (NA) (NA) 52,821 51,531 Alfalfa ..............................: (NA) (NA) 15,634 15,627 All other ............................: (NA) (NA) 37,187 35,904 Oats ...................................: 2,555 2,213 831 886 Proso millet ...........................: 619 450 572 Rice ...................................: 2,894 2,940 2,854 2,896 Rye ....................................: 2,293 2,206 322 402 Sorghum for grain 1/ ...................: 7,195 6,300 6,115 5,275 Sorghum for silage .....................: (NA) 384 Wheat, all .............................: 49,575 46,079 37,077 38,469 Winter ...............................: 36,699 33,390 24,558 26,103 Durum ................................: 1,676 2,064 1,604 2,036 Other spring .........................: 11,200 10,625 10,915 10,330 : Oilseeds : Canola .................................: 2,344.5 2,759.5 2,319.2 2,720.0 Cottonseed .............................: (X) (X) (X) (X) Flaxseed ...............................: 178 140 160 125 Mustard seed ...........................: 245.0 218.0 238.1 203.5 Peanuts ................................: 1,645.0 1,805.0 1,557.0 1,749.0 Rapeseed ...............................: 13.2 20.2 10.1 18.3 Safflower ..............................: 129.5 127.0 126.0 117.0 Soybeans for beans .....................: 83,600 87,100 82,271 86,271 Sunflower ..............................: 1,315.0 720.0 1,263.5 690.5 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops : Cotton, all ............................: 10,230.0 11,174.0 6,439.6 8,634.6 Upland ...............................: 10,083.0 10,975.0 6,301.8 8,442.6 American Pima ........................: 147.0 199.0 137.8 192.0 Sugarbeets .............................: 1,137.4 1,100.9 1,127.3 1,075.1 Sugarcane ..............................: (NA) (NA) 929.6 924.0 Tobacco ................................: (NA) (NA) 187.6 171.0 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas ..............................: 372.4 504.0 359.2 496.9 Dry edible beans .......................: 1,180.0 1,532.0 1,156.9 1,488.5 Dry edible peas ........................: 966.0 988.0 941.0 947.0 Lentils ................................: 546.0 936.0 523.0 900.0 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops ...................................: (NA) (NA) 54.3 44.8 Maple syrup ............................: (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Mushrooms ..............................: (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Peppermint oil .........................: (NA) 31.3 Potatoes ...............................: 966.0 941.0 961.1 934.2 Spearmint oil ..........................: (NA) 12.2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2023 and 2024 (continued) [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2024 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Yield per acre : Production Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : --------- 1,000 -------- : Grains and hay : Barley ..........................bushels: 72.3 76.7 186,127 143,836 Corn for grain ..................bushels: 177.3 183.8 15,340,520 15,203,309 Corn for silage ....................tons: 20.1 129,854 Hay, all ...........................tons: 2.25 2.46 118,769 126,846 Alfalfa ..........................tons: 3.19 3.45 49,916 53,975 All other ........................tons: 1.85 2.03 68,853 72,871 Oats ............................bushels: 68.6 76.5 57,045 67,793 Proso millet ....................bushels: 34.2 19,572 Rice 2/ .............................cwt: 7,649 7,590 218,291 219,812 Rye .............................bushels: 32.2 36.6 10,375 14,729 Sorghum for grain ...............bushels: 52.0 57.7 317,745 304,610 Sorghum for silage .................tons: 13.0 4,981 Wheat, all ......................bushels: 48.7 51.2 1,803,942 1,971,301 Winter ........................bushels: 50.6 51.7 1,242,368 1,348,930 Durum .........................bushels: 37.0 39.3 59,329 80,051 Other spring ..................bushels: 46.0 52.5 502,245 542,320 : Oilseeds : Canola ...........................pounds: 1,793 1,811 4,157,420 4,925,840 Cottonseed .........................tons: (X) (X) 3,644.0 4,341.0 Flaxseed ........................bushels: 18.5 2,961 Mustard seed .....................pounds: 627 149,305 Peanuts ..........................pounds: 3,775 3,683 5,877,560 6,441,400 Rapeseed .........................pounds: 2,003 20,230 Safflower ........................pounds: 1,036 130,570 Soybeans for beans ..............bushels: 50.6 53.1 4,162,057 4,581,984 Sunflower ........................pounds: 1,787 1,889 2,257,690 1,304,557 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops : Cotton, all 2/ ....................bales: 899 789 12,066.0 14,201.0 Upland 2/ .......................bales: 895 778 11,750.0 13,685.0 American Pima 2/ ................bales: 1,101 1,290 316.0 516.0 Sugarbeets .........................tons: 31.2 33.1 35,226 35,573 Sugarcane ..........................tons: 36.3 38.3 33,766 35,368 Tobacco ..........................pounds: 2,305 1,976 432,452 337,900 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas 2/ ........................cwt: 1,315 1,234 4,722 6,132 Dry edible beans 2/ .................cwt: 2,067 1,978 23,910 29,448 Dry edible peas 2/ ..................cwt: 1,922 2,036 18,086 19,278 Lentils 2/ ..........................cwt: 1,098 1,060 5,742 9,538 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops .............................pounds: 1,915 1,963 104,042.5 87,996.0 Maple syrup .....................gallons: (NA) (NA) 4,843 5,860 Mushrooms ........................pounds: (NA) (NA) 724,608 658,739 Peppermint oil ...................pounds: 90 2,811 Potatoes ............................cwt: 458 440,132 Spearmint oil ....................pounds: 126 1,541 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Area planted for all purposes. 2/ Yield in pounds. Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2023 and 2024 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2024 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : hectares : Grains and hay : Barley .........................: 1,258,180 960,330 1,041,670 758,790 Corn for grain 1/ ..............: 38,300,270 36,724,810 35,008,110 33,471,910 Corn for silage ................: (NA) 2,614,700 Hay, all 2/ ....................: (NA) (NA) 21,376,130 20,854,080 Alfalfa ......................: (NA) (NA) 6,326,920 6,324,090 All other ....................: (NA) (NA) 15,049,210 14,529,990 Oats ...........................: 1,033,980 895,580 336,300 358,560 Proso millet ...................: 250,500 182,110 231,480 Rice ...........................: 1,171,170 1,189,790 1,154,990 1,171,980 Rye ............................: 927,950 892,750 130,310 162,690 Sorghum for grain 1/ ...........: 2,911,740 2,549,550 2,474,680 2,134,740 Sorghum for silage .............: (NA) 155,400 Wheat, all 2/ ..................: 20,062,510 18,647,710 15,004,690 15,568,020 Winter .......................: 14,851,720 13,512,600 9,938,380 10,563,620 Durum ........................: 678,260 835,280 649,120 823,950 Other spring .................: 4,532,530 4,299,830 4,417,190 4,180,450 : Oilseeds : Canola .........................: 948,800 1,116,740 938,560 1,100,760 Cottonseed .....................: (X) (X) (X) (X) Flaxseed .......................: 72,030 56,660 64,750 50,590 Mustard seed ...................: 99,150 88,220 96,360 82,350 Peanuts ........................: 665,720 730,470 630,100 707,800 Rapeseed .......................: 5,340 8,170 4,090 7,410 Safflower ......................: 52,410 51,400 50,990 47,350 Soybeans for beans .............: 33,832,080 35,248,500 33,294,250 34,913,010 Sunflower ......................: 532,170 291,380 511,330 279,440 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops: Cotton, all 2/ .................: 4,139,980 4,522,010 2,606,040 3,494,340 Upland .......................: 4,080,490 4,441,470 2,550,280 3,416,640 American Pima ................: 59,490 80,530 55,770 77,700 Sugarbeets .....................: 460,290 445,520 456,210 435,080 Sugarcane ......................: (NA) (NA) 376,200 373,930 Tobacco ........................: (NA) (NA) 75,930 69,200 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas ......................: 150,710 203,960 145,360 201,090 Dry edible beans ...............: 477,530 619,990 468,190 602,380 Dry edible peas ................: 390,930 399,830 380,810 383,240 Lentils ........................: 220,960 378,790 211,650 364,220 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops ...........................: (NA) (NA) 21,980 18,030 Maple syrup ....................: (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Mushrooms ......................: (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Peppermint oil .................: (NA) 12,670 Potatoes .......................: 390,930 380,810 388,950 378,060 Spearmint oil ..................: (NA) 4,940 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2023 and 2024 (continued) [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2024 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Yield per hectare : Production Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : metric tons : Grains and hay : Barley .................................: 3.89 4.13 4,052,440 3,131,660 Corn for grain .........................: 11.13 11.54 389,667,160 386,181,840 Corn for silage ........................: 45.05 117,801,570 Hay, all 2/ ............................: 5.04 5.52 107,745,420 115,072,760 Alfalfa ..............................: 7.16 7.74 45,283,030 48,965,300 All other ............................: 4.15 4.55 62,462,390 66,107,460 Oats ...................................: 2.46 2.74 828,010 984,010 Proso millet ...........................: 1.92 443,890 Rice ...................................: 8.57 8.51 9,901,510 9,970,510 Rye ....................................: 2.02 2.30 263,540 374,130 Sorghum for grain ......................: 3.26 3.62 8,071,090 7,737,450 Sorghum for silage .....................: 29.08 4,518,690 Wheat, all 2/ ..........................: 3.27 3.45 49,095,260 53,650,020 Winter ...............................: 3.40 3.48 33,811,720 36,711,860 Durum ................................: 2.49 2.64 1,614,670 2,178,630 Other spring .........................: 3.09 3.53 13,668,870 14,759,530 : Oilseeds : Canola .................................: 2.01 2.03 1,885,770 2,234,320 Cottonseed .............................: (X) (X) 3,305,780 3,938,090 Flaxseed ...............................: 1.16 75,210 Mustard seed ...........................: 0.70 67,720 Peanuts ................................: 4.23 4.13 2,666,020 2,921,770 Rapeseed ...............................: 2.25 9,180 Safflower ..............................: 1.16 59,230 Soybeans for beans .....................: 3.40 3.57 113,272,630 124,701,170 Sunflower ..............................: 2.00 2.12 1,024,070 591,740 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops : Cotton, all 2/ .........................: 1.01 0.88 2,627,060 3,091,900 Upland ...............................: 1.00 0.87 2,558,260 2,979,560 American Pima ........................: 1.23 1.45 68,800 112,350 Sugarbeets .............................: 70.05 74.17 31,956,490 32,271,280 Sugarcane ..............................: 81.42 85.80 30,632,000 32,085,310 Tobacco ................................: 2.58 2.21 196,160 153,270 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas ..............................: 1.47 1.38 214,190 278,140 Dry edible beans .......................: 2.32 2.22 1,084,540 1,335,740 Dry edible peas ........................: 2.15 2.28 820,370 874,440 Lentils ................................: 1.23 1.19 260,450 432,640 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops ...................................: 2.15 2.20 47,190 39,910 Maple syrup ............................: (NA) (NA) 24,220 29,300 Mushrooms ..............................: (NA) (NA) 328,680 298,800 Peppermint oil .........................: 0.10 1,280 Potatoes ...............................: 51.33 19,964,050 Spearmint oil ..........................: 0.14 700 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Area planted for all purposes. 2/ Total may not add due to rounding. Fruits and Nuts Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2023 and 2024 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2023 crop year, except citrus which is for the 2023-2024 season. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Production Crop :----------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Citrus 1/ : Grapefruit ......................1,000 tons: 344 304 Lemons ..........................1,000 tons: 1,022 1,099 Oranges .........................1,000 tons: 2,758 2,619 Tangerines and mandarins ........1,000 tons: 1,117 1,019 : Noncitrus : Apples, commercial ..........million pounds: 11,110.0 Apricots ..............................tons: 36,000 Avocados ..............................tons: Blueberries, Cultivated .......1,000 pounds: Blueberries, Wild (Maine) .....1,000 pounds: Cherries, Sweet .......................tons: 355,000 Cherries, Tart ..............million pounds: 222.0 Coffee (Hawaii) ...............1,000 pounds: Cranberries .........................barrel: 8,240,000 : Dates .................................tons: Grapes ................................tons: 6,365,000 Kiwifruit (California) ................tons: Nectarines (California) ...............tons: Olives (California) ...................tons: Papayas (Hawaii) ..............1,000 pounds: Peaches ...............................tons: 719,000 Pears .................................tons: 520,000 Plums (California) ....................tons: Prunes (California) ...................tons: Raspberries, all .............1,000 pounds: Strawberries .....................1,000 cwt: : Nuts and miscellaneous : Almonds, shelled (California) .1,000 pounds: 2,800,000 Hazelnuts, in-shell (Oregon) ..........tons: Macadamias (Hawaii) ...........1,000 pounds: Pecans, in-shell ..............1,000 pounds: 270,900 Pistachios (California) .......1,000 pounds: Walnuts, in-shell (California) ........tons: 670,000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Production years are 2022-2023 and 2023-2024. Fruits and Nuts Production in Metric Units - United States: 2023 and 2024 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2023 crop year, except citrus which is for the 2023-2024 season. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Production Crop :----------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : metric tons : Citrus 1/ : Grapefruit ................................: 312,070 275,780 Lemons ....................................: 927,140 997,000 Oranges ...................................: 2,502,020 2,375,920 Tangerines and mandarins ..................: 1,013,330 924,420 : Noncitrus : Apples, commercial ........................: 5,039,410 Apricots ..................................: 32,660 Avocados ..................................: Blueberries, Cultivated ...................: Blueberries, Wild (Maine) .................: Cherries, Sweet ...........................: 322,050 Cherries, Tart ............................: 100,700 Coffee (Hawaii) ...........................: Cranberries ...............................: 373,760 : Dates .....................................: Grapes ....................................: 5,774,230 Kiwifruit (California) ....................: Nectarines (California) ...................: Olives (California) .......................: Papayas (Hawaii) ..........................: Peaches ...................................: 652,270 Pears .....................................: 471,740 Plums (California) ........................: Prunes (California) .......................: Raspberries, all ..........................: Strawberries ..............................: : Nuts and miscellaneous : Almonds, shelled (California) .............: 1,270,060 Hazelnuts, in-shell (Oregon) ..............: Macadamias (Hawaii) .......................: Pecans, in-shell ..........................: 122,880 Pistachios (California) ...................: Walnuts, in-shell (California) ............: 607,810 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Production years are 2022-2023 and 2023-2024. Corn for Grain Objective Yield Data The National Agricultural Statistics Service is conducting objective yield surveys in 10 corn-producing States during 2024. Randomly selected plots in corn for grain fields are visited monthly from September through harvest to obtain specific counts and measurements. Data in these tables are rounded actual field counts from this survey. Corn for Grain Plant Population per Acre - Selected States: 2020-2024 [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : : :: State : : : : : and month : 2020 : 2021 : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 :: and month : 2020 : 2021 : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : number :: : number : :: : Illinois : :: Nebraska : September .....: 30,600 31,550 32,050 32,550 31,850 :: All corn : October .......: 30,400 31,550 32,500 32,450 32,250 :: September ....: 27,450 26,750 26,450 26,600 25,950 November ......: 30,400 31,500 32,450 32,400 :: October ......: 27,450 26,650 26,250 26,700 25,800 Final .........: 30,400 31,500 32,450 32,400 :: November .....: 27,400 26,650 26,200 26,650 : :: Final ........: 27,400 26,650 26,200 26,650 Indiana : :: : September .....: 29,850 29,700 29,050 31,000 30,850 :: Irrigated : October .......: 29,800 29,650 28,550 30,800 30,650 :: September ....: 29,950 29,350 29,000 29,650 28,300 November ......: 29,850 29,750 28,600 31,100 :: October ......: 30,100 29,300 28,950 29,600 28,150 Final .........: 29,850 29,750 28,600 31,100 :: November .....: 30,100 29,300 28,850 29,550 : :: Final ........: 30,100 29,300 28,850 29,550 Iowa : :: : September .....: 31,050 31,850 31,750 32,250 30,900 :: Non-irrigated : October .......: 31,000 31,850 31,550 31,900 30,500 :: September ....: 24,950 24,050 23,850 23,450 23,000 November ......: 31,050 31,800 31,600 31,950 :: October ......: 24,750 24,000 23,500 23,650 22,850 Final .........: 31,050 31,800 31,600 31,950 :: November .....: 24,700 23,950 23,500 23,700 : :: Final ........: 24,700 23,950 23,500 23,700 Kansas : :: : September .....: 21,700 22,050 22,600 23,800 21,700 :: Ohio : October .......: 21,650 21,550 23,200 23,400 21,650 :: September .....: 29,800 30,400 29,400 30,050 31,300 November ......: 21,650 21,800 23,350 23,600 :: October .......: 29,900 30,050 29,350 29,900 31,250 Final .........: 21,650 21,800 23,350 23,600 :: November ......: 29,900 30,050 29,700 29,650 : :: Final .........: 29,850 30,050 29,700 29,650 Minnesota : :: : September .....: 31,750 30,750 31,300 31,300 30,200 :: South Dakota : October .......: 31,800 30,700 31,250 31,450 30,500 :: September .....: 25,450 26,150 26,400 26,050 25,650 November ......: 31,800 30,700 31,300 31,450 :: October .......: 25,400 26,100 26,200 26,150 25,350 Final .........: 31,800 30,700 31,300 31,450 :: November ......: 25,550 25,750 25,900 26,100 : :: Final .........: 25,550 25,750 25,900 26,100 Missouri : :: : September .....: 28,200 27,250 27,500 27,350 28,500 :: Wisconsin : October .......: 28,150 27,400 27,100 27,300 28,150 :: September .....: 30,300 29,900 30,700 30,300 30,350 November ......: 28,200 27,350 27,200 27,400 :: October .......: 30,400 29,550 30,300 29,900 30,300 Final .........: 28,200 27,350 27,200 27,400 :: November ......: 30,300 29,400 30,200 30,050 : :: Final .........: 30,300 29,400 30,200 30,000 : :: : : :: 10 State : : :: September .....: 29,000 29,100 29,250 29,650 28,900 : :: October .......: 28,950 29,000 29,200 29,500 28,800 : :: November ......: 28,950 29,000 29,200 29,550 : :: Final .........: 28,950 29,000 29,200 29,550 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Corn for Grain Number of Ears per Acre - Selected States: 2020-2024 [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : : :: State : : : : : and month : 2020 : 2021 : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 :: and month : 2020 : 2021 : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : number :: : number : :: : Illinois : :: Nebraska : September .....: 29,900 31,100 31,500 32,250 31,500 :: All corn : October .......: 29,800 31,050 31,850 32,050 31,900 :: September ....: 26,800 26,650 25,850 26,300 26,300 November ......: 29,800 31,050 31,800 32,000 :: October ......: 26,850 26,950 25,000 26,700 25,750 Final .........: 29,800 31,050 31,800 32,000 :: November .....: 26,750 26,800 24,950 26,600 : :: Final ........: 26,750 26,800 24,950 26,600 Indiana : :: : September .....: 29,600 29,700 28,700 30,700 31,700 :: Irrigated : October .......: 29,600 29,750 28,400 30,950 30,850 :: September ....: 28,900 29,000 28,900 29,350 28,400 November ......: 29,600 29,900 28,500 30,950 :: October ......: 28,850 29,600 28,350 29,800 27,750 Final .........: 29,600 29,900 28,500 30,950 :: November .....: 28,800 29,500 28,300 29,700 : :: Final ........: 28,800 29,500 28,300 29,700 Iowa : :: : September .....: 30,600 31,750 30,850 32,050 31,100 :: Non-irrigated : October .......: 30,450 31,800 30,800 31,700 30,450 :: September ....: 24,650 24,250 22,700 23,150 23,600 November ......: 30,550 31,800 30,800 31,750 :: October ......: 24,800 24,200 21,600 23,500 23,200 Final .........: 30,550 31,800 30,800 31,750 :: November .....: 24,700 24,050 21,600 23,450 : :: Final ........: 24,700 24,050 21,600 23,450 Kansas : :: : September .....: 22,050 22,250 22,800 23,500 21,350 :: Ohio : October .......: 21,250 21,450 22,300 22,800 20,850 :: September .....: 29,350 30,650 29,250 29,850 30,800 November ......: 21,250 21,700 22,100 23,150 :: October .......: 29,700 30,350 29,250 30,400 30,550 Final .........: 21,250 21,700 22,100 23,150 :: November ......: 29,700 30,350 29,550 29,950 : :: Final .........: 29,650 30,350 29,500 29,950 Minnesota : :: : September .....: 31,750 30,800 31,200 31,350 30,150 :: South Dakota : October .......: 31,850 30,650 31,450 31,300 30,450 :: September .....: 25,550 26,250 25,300 25,900 26,200 November ......: 31,850 30,600 31,450 31,300 :: October .......: 25,550 26,150 24,700 25,950 25,300 Final .........: 31,850 30,600 31,450 31,300 :: November ......: 25,700 25,400 24,250 26,150 : :: Final .........: 25,700 25,400 24,250 26,150 Missouri : :: : September .....: 27,650 26,900 26,300 26,500 28,450 :: Wisconsin : October .......: 27,600 26,950 26,200 26,300 27,950 :: September .....: 30,050 30,100 29,900 30,450 30,050 November ......: 27,650 26,950 26,300 26,350 :: October .......: 30,400 29,500 29,550 30,200 30,400 Final .........: 27,650 26,950 26,300 26,350 :: November ......: 30,350 29,400 29,400 30,200 : :: Final .........: 30,350 29,400 29,400 30,200 : :: : : :: 10-State : : :: September .....: 28,650 29,050 28,650 29,400 28,950 : :: October .......: 28,600 28,950 28,500 29,350 28,650 : :: November ......: 28,600 28,850 28,450 29,350 : :: Final .........: 28,600 28,850 28,450 29,350 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Corn Objective Yield Percent of Samples Processed in the Lab - United States: 2020-2024 [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : October : November Year :----------------------------------------------------------- :Dent stage 1/ : Mature 2/ :Dent stage 1/ : Mature 2/ --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : 2020 ..........: 25 68 (Z) 96 2021 ..........: 22 69 (Z) 94 2022 ..........: 38 50 (Z) 94 2023 ..........: 26 60 (Z) 95 2024 ..........: 29 54 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- (Z) Less than half of the unit shown. 1/ Includes corn in the dent stage of development. Ears are firm and solid. Kernels fully dented with no milk present in most kernels. 2/ Includes that portion of the crop that is mature and ready for harvest. No green foliage is present. Soybean Objective Yield Data The National Agricultural Statistics Service is conducting objective yield surveys in 11 soybean-producing States during 2024. Randomly selected plots in soybean fields are visited monthly from September through harvest to obtain specific counts and measurements. Data in these tables are actual field counts from this survey. Soybean Pods with Beans per 18 Square Feet - Selected States: 2020-2024 [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : : :: State : : : : : and month : 2020 : 2021 : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 :: and month : 2020 : 2021 : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : number :: : number : :: : Arkansas : :: Missouri : September .....: 1,630 1,449 1,721 2,043 1,666 :: September .....: 1,977 1,925 1,736 2,099 2,034 October .......: 1,527 1,501 1,746 1,844 1,667 :: October .......: 2,093 1,886 1,606 1,991 2,044 November ......: 1,459 1,583 1,711 1,856 :: November ......: 2,036 2,047 1,880 2,062 Final .........: 1,418 1,623 1,711 1,824 :: Final .........: 2,041 2,121 1,875 2,058 : :: : Illinois : :: Nebraska : September .....: 2,019 2,080 1,896 1,952 1,938 :: September .....: 1,943 1,887 1,592 1,644 1,977 October .......: 2,127 2,120 1,888 2,085 2,167 :: October .......: 2,002 2,069 1,597 1,678 1,873 November ......: 2,170 2,222 2,010 2,121 :: November ......: 1,980 2,148 1,586 1,709 Final .........: 2,170 2,227 2,011 2,121 :: Final .........: 1,980 2,148 1,586 1,709 : :: : Indiana : :: North Dakota : September .....: 2,056 1,846 1,655 1,927 1,978 :: September .....: 1,242 1,055 1,281 1,250 1,352 October .......: 1,994 1,811 1,749 1,998 2,005 :: October .......: 1,439 1,014 1,298 1,203 1,435 November ......: 1,963 1,822 1,763 1,962 :: November ......: 1,442 1,009 1,357 1,408 Final .........: 1,959 1,836 1,773 1,962 :: Final .........: 1,442 1,009 1,357 1,404 : :: : Iowa : :: Ohio : September .....: 1,675 1,732 1,585 1,814 1,859 :: September .....: 1,811 2,060 1,798 1,847 1,797 October .......: 1,933 1,800 1,653 1,997 1,992 :: October .......: 1,972 1,989 1,890 2,003 1,957 November ......: 1,927 1,894 1,785 2,071 :: November ......: 1,983 2,074 1,788 2,030 Final .........: 1,927 1,890 1,780 2,070 :: Final .........: 1,981 2,116 1,780 2,030 : :: : Kansas : :: South Dakota : September .....: 1,650 1,404 1,456 1,500 1,365 :: September .....: 1,688 1,626 1,258 1,520 1,345 October .......: 1,699 1,480 1,400 1,372 1,366 :: October .......: 1,720 1,526 1,291 1,552 1,438 November ......: 1,629 1,551 1,392 1,500 :: November ......: 1,696 1,512 1,305 1,644 Final .........: 1,629 1,514 1,391 1,529 :: Final .........: 1,696 1,522 1,305 1,644 : :: : Minnesota : :: 11-State : September .....: 1,607 1,603 1,468 1,648 1,619 :: September .....: 1,780 1,717 1,604 1,755 1,746 October .......: 1,782 1,545 1,581 1,695 1,591 :: October .......: 1,882 1,725 1,628 1,799 1,820 November ......: 1,751 1,557 1,610 1,687 :: November ......: 1,866 1,788 1,690 1,856 Final .........: 1,751 1,557 1,610 1,667 :: Final .........: 1,865 1,798 1,689 1,854 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Soybean Objective Yield Percent of Samples Processed in the Lab - United States: 2020-2024 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : October : November Year :----------------------------------------------------------- : Mature 1/ : Mature 1/ --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : 2020 ..........: 64 94 2021 ..........: 61 92 2022 ..........: 42 90 2023 ..........: 51 91 2024 ..........: 55 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Includes soybeans with brown pods and are considered mature or almost mature. September Weather Summary On September 27, Hurricane Helene delivered deadly flooding across the southern Appalachians, following a record-setting storm surge the previous night from Florida's Big Bend to Tampa Bay. In addition, a swath of extreme winds from the Category 4 storm swept across north-central Florida into south-central Georgia, snapping or shredding trees, including pecans and commercial timber. The cumulative effects of Helene, the strongest hurricane to strike that section of the Gulf Coast in the Nation's history, were widespread and devastating, leaving millions without power and resulting in more than 200 fatalities. Catastrophic damage extended from coastal areas to small towns and agricultural communities to portions of mid-size and large cities, including Asheville, North Carolina; Greenville-Spartanburg, South Carolina; and Atlanta, Georgia. Helene officially made landfall around 11:10 pm EDT on September 26 near Perry, Florida, with maximum sustained winds near 140 mph. The fast forward speed of the hurricane at landfall allowed hurricane-force wind gusts (74 mph or greater) to push well inland, even into the southern Appalachians. Inland flooding was exacerbated by the fact that extremely heavy rain had fallen just prior to Helene's arrival, especially in parts of western North Carolina. Agricultural losses in the hardest-hit areas included cotton, pecans, and possibly peanuts, with Georgia being a major producer of all three crops. Crop damage extended to other states and included other commodities, such as poultry, as well as farm infrastructure. Unlike many former hurricanes, Helene veered northwestward soon after making landfall, becoming entangled with a disturbance over the mid-South. Helene's nearly perpendicular path across mountain ranges maximized rainfall in the southern Appalachians. Before spinning down, Helene's remnants contributed to heavy rain as far west as Kentucky and Tennessee, as well as neighboring areas of the lower Midwest. Earlier, on September 11, Francine had become the third hurricane of the season to strike the Gulf Coast of the United States, following Beryl (in Texas) in early July and Debby (in Florida) in early August. Francine briefly achieved sustained winds near 100 mph while making landfall around 5:00 pm CDT in Louisiana's Terrebonne Parish. Hurricane-force wind gusts (74 mph or higher) spread as far inland as New Orleans. Louisiana's sugarcane producers monitored wind- and rain-related impacts, including flooded fields (from as much as 8 to 12 inches of rain) and partial lodging of the crop, although harvest of the crop had begun by month's end and was 6 percent complete by September 29. Meanwhile in the Mississippi Delta, antecedent dryness minimized flooding, although localized wind gusts briefly topped 50 mph. Still, squally rain and winds led to crop-quality concerns and fieldwork disruptions. Rainfall associated with the remnants of Francine stubbornly persisted, with multi-day totals of 5 to 10 inches or more reported from the northern Mississippi Delta to the panhandle of Florida. Between the strikes from Francine and Helene, Potential Tropical Cyclone Eight failed to achieve tropical characteristics before moving ashore on September 16 over northeastern South Carolina. Nonetheless, heavy rain spread inland across the middle Atlantic States, with significant flooding in southeastern North Carolina reported amid downpours locally ranging from 10 to 18 inches. However, much of the remainder of the country experienced a drier-than-normal September-favorable for summer crop maturation and harvesting, but detrimental to rangeland, pastures, and newly planted winter wheat. By September 29, USDA/NASS topsoil moisture was rated 45 percent very short to short, nationally, with eighteen states scattered across the Plains, Rockies, Northwest, Midwest, and Northeast noting values above 50 percent. Similarly, 43 percent of the Nation's rangeland and pastures were reported in very poor to poor condition on that date, led by West Virginia (93 percent), Ohio (76 percent), Washington (72 percent), Oregon (67 percent), and Wyoming (59 percent). Between September 3 and October 1, drought coverage in the Lower 48 States increased slightly, from 29.95 to 31.50 percent, according to the U.S. Drought Monitor. On September 17, drought coverage peaked for the month (and for the year to date) at 35.59 percent, in advance of Hurricanes Francine and Helene. Aside from dramatic, late-month Southeastern drought eradication, several regions experienced persistent or worsening drought. This was especially true from the Midwest into the Northeast, and across parts of the western United States. On October 1, extreme to exceptional drought (D3 to D4) was reported in eleven states, led by West Virginia (39 percent) and Ohio (18 percent). Those values were significantly below September 24 peak coverage-76 and 36 percent, respectively, in West Virginia and Ohio. On October 1, D3/D4 coverage ranged from 2 to 12 percent in Maryland, Montana, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming. On a national scale, dryness arrived too late to significantly harm major crops such as corn and soybeans, which by September 29 were both rated 64 percent in good to excellent condition. Numerous Western wildfires were active during September, helping to boost the year-to-date burned total to more than 7.4 million acres-well above the 10-year national average of 6.0 million acres. By early October, the largest active wildfires were the 169,000-acre Rail Ridge Fire in Oregon and the 127,000-acre Wapiti Fire in Idaho. However, those wildfires-sparked by lightning on September 2 and July 24, respectively-were at least three-quarters contained by the end of September. By early October, the largest uncontained blaze was the Elk Fire, which started on September 27 near Dayton, Wyoming, and quickly scorched 73,000 acres of timber and grass. Elsewhere in Wyoming, it was the driest September on record in Rawlins (0.02 inch). Farther east, record-low September precipitation also totaled less than one-tenth of an inch in locations such as Mobridge, South Dakota (0.01 inch); Norfolk, Nebraska (0.03 inch); Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota (0.06 inch); and Fargo, North Dakota (0.08 inch). Additionally, Minneapolis-St. Paul experienced its warmest September on record, with an average temperature of 70.4°F, 6.9°F above normal. Near-record to record-setting monthly temperatures averaged 4 to 8°F above normal across large sections of the Northern Plains and Upper Midwest, while record-breaking warmth also affected portions of Florida's peninsula (more than 2°F above normal) and the Desert Southwest (locally more than 4°F above normal). September Agricultural Summary September was warmer than normal for most of the Nation. Parts of the upper Midwest, Northern Plains, and Northern Rockies recorded temperatures 6°F or more above normal for the month. While much of the Midwest, Northeast, and Southwest remained drier than normal, parts of Northern California, the Great Basin, lower Midwest, Northern Rockies, and South recorded at least twice the normal amount of precipitation. Due in large part to Hurricanes Francine and Helene, parts of the South recorded 10 inches or more of rain. Locations along the Florida Panhandle coast received 22 inches or more of rain for the month. By September 1, ninety percent of the corn acreage was at or beyond the dough stage, 2 percentage points behind last year but equal to the 5-year average. By September 1, sixty percent of this year's corn acreage was denting, 2 percentage points behind last year but 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Corn denting progress advanced by 10 percentage points or more in 14 of the 18 estimating States during the week. Nineteen percent of the Nation's corn acreage was mature by September 1, four percentage points ahead of last year and 6 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By September 15, eighty-five percent of this year's corn acreage was denting, 3 percentage points behind last year but 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. Forty-five percent of the Nation's corn acreage was mature by September 15, three percentage points behind last year but 7 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Nine percent of the 2024 corn acreage was harvested by week's end, 1 percentage point ahead of last year and 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average harvest pace. Harvest was underway in 15 of the 18 estimating States. By September 29, ninety-six percent of this year's corn acreage was denting, 1 percentage point behind last year but 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. Seventy-five percent of the Nation's corn acreage was mature by September 29, four percentage points behind last year but 5 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Corn maturing advanced 10 percentage points or more in 12 of the 18 estimating States. Twenty-one percent of the 2024 corn acreage was harvested by week's end, equal to last year but 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average harvest pace. On September 29, sixty-four percent of the Nation's corn acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, 11 percentage points above the same time last year. Nationally, 94 percent of the Nation's soybean acreage had begun setting pods, equal to last year but 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. Nationally, leaf drop was 13 percent complete by September 1, equal to last year but 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Nationally, leaf drop was 44 percent complete by September 15, three percentage points behind last year but 7 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Soybean harvest across the Nation was 6 percent complete by September 15, two percentage points ahead of last year and 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Harvest was underway in 17 of the 18 estimating States. Nationally, leaf drop was 81 percent complete by September 29, one percentage point behind last year but 8 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Leaf drop advanced 11 percentage points or more in 12 of the 18 estimating States during the week. Soybean harvest across the Nation was 26 percent complete by September 29, six percentage points ahead of last year and 8 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. On September 29, sixty-four percent of the Nation's soybean acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, 12 percentage points above the same time last year. Nationwide, producers had sown 2 percent of the intended 2025 winter wheat acreage by September 1, one percentage point ahead of last year but equal to the 5-year average. Nationwide, producers had sown 14 percent of the intended 2025 winter wheat acreage by September 15, one percentage point ahead of both last year and the 5-year average. Nationwide, producers had sown 39 percent of the intended 2025 winter wheat acreage by September 29, three percentage points ahead of last year and 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. Nationwide, 14 percent of the winter wheat acreage had emerged by September 29, one percentage point ahead of both last year and the 5-year average. By September 1, ninety-five percent of the Nation's cotton acreage had begun setting bolls, 2 percentage points ahead of last year and 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. By September 1, thirty-seven percent of the Nation's cotton had open bolls, 7 percentage points ahead of last year and 6 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By September 15, fifty-four percent of the Nation's cotton had open bolls, 2 percentage points ahead of last year and 4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By September 15, ten percent of the Nation's cotton acreage was harvested, 1 percentage point ahead of last year and 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By September 29, seventy-two percent of the Nation's cotton had open bolls, equal to last year but 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. Advances of 10 percentage points or more from the previous week occurred in 8 of the 15 estimating States. By September 29, twenty percent of the Nation's cotton acreage was harvested, 3 percentage points ahead of last year and 4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. On September 29, thirty-one percent of the 2024 cotton acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, 1 percentage point above the same time last year. By September 1, ninety-five percent of the Nation's sorghum acreage had reached the headed stage, 3 percentage points ahead of last year and 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. Sixty-two percent of the Nation's sorghum acreage was at or beyond the coloring stage by September 1, five percentage points ahead of last year and 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By September 1, thirty percent of the Nation's sorghum acreage was mature, 4 percentage points ahead of both last year and the 5-year average. Nineteen percent of the 2024 sorghum acreage had been harvested by September 1, one percentage point ahead of last year but 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Eighty-four percent of the Nation's sorghum acreage was at or beyond the coloring stage by September 15, two percentage points ahead of last year and 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. By September 15, forty-six percent of the Nation's sorghum acreage was mature, 2 percentage points ahead of last year and 5 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Twenty-four percent of the 2024 sorghum acreage had been harvested by September 15, one percentage point ahead of last year but equal to the 5-year average. Ninety-six percent of the Nation's sorghum acreage was at or beyond the coloring stage by September 29, one percentage point ahead of last year but equal to the 5-year average. Coloring was at or near completion in 5 of the 6 estimating States. By September 29, sixty-nine percent of the Nation's sorghum acreage was mature, 2 percentage points ahead of last year and 5 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Thirty-five percent of the 2024 sorghum acreage had been harvested by September 29, two percentage points ahead of last year and 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Ninety percent of Texas's sorghum acreage had been harvested by September 29, six percentage points ahead of last year and 5 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Forty-five percent of the Nation's sorghum acreage was rated in good to excellent condition on September 29, four percentage points above the same time last year. Nationally, 43 percent of the rice acreage was harvested by September 1, twelve percentage points ahead of last year and 19 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. On September 8, eighty percent of the Nation's rice acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, 9 percentage points above the same time last year. Nationally, 64 percent of the rice acreage was harvested by September 15, ten percentage points ahead of last year and 20 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Nationally, 78 percent of the rice acreage was harvested by September 29, six percentage points ahead of last year and 11 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. The rice harvest pace was ahead of the 5-year average in 5 of the 6 estimating States. Eighty-nine percent of the Nation's oat acreage had been harvested by September 1, one percentage point ahead of last year but equal to the 5-year average. Ninety-seven percent of the Nation's oat acreage had been harvested by September 15, equal to both last year and the 5-year average. Harvesting of oats was complete or nearing completion in 8 of the 9 estimating States. By September 1, barley producers had harvested 75 percent of the Nation's barley crop, equal to last year but 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. By September 15, barley producers had harvested 94 percent of the Nation's barley crop, 2 percentage points ahead of last year and 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. Harvesting of barley was complete or nearing completion in all 5 estimating States. By September 1, seventy percent of the Nation's spring wheat had been harvested, 2 percentage points ahead of the previous year but equal to the 5-year average. By September 22, ninety-six percent of the Nation's spring wheat had been harvested, 1 percentage point ahead of both the previous year and the 5-year average. Harvesting of spring wheat was complete or nearing completion in all 6 estimating States. Two percent of the Nation's peanut acreage was harvested as of September 15, one percentage point behind last year and 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Eleven percent of the Nation's peanut acreage was harvested as of September 29, three percentage points behind last year and 6 percentage points behind the 5-year average. On September 29, fifty-two percent of the Nation's peanut acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, 4 percentage points above the same time last year. By September 15, sugarbeet producers had harvested 8 percent of the Nation's crop, 1 percentage point behind both last year and the 5-year average. By September 29, sugarbeet producers had harvested 16 percent of the Nation's crop, 2 percentage points ahead of last year but 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By September 29, one percent of this year's sunflower crop was harvested, equal to last year but 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Crop Comments Corn: The 2024 area harvested for grain, is forecast at 82.7 million acres, unchanged from the previous estimate but down 4 percent from last year. Production for grain is forecast at 15.2 billion bushels, up less than 1 percent from the previous forecast but down 1 percent from last year. Based on conditions as of October 1, the yield is forecast at a record high 183.8 bushels per acre, up 0.2 bushel from the previous forecast and up 6.5 bushels from last year's final estimate of 177.3 bushels per acre. Record high yields are forecast in Illinois, Iowa, Louisiana, Michigan, Nebraska, New York, South Dakota, and Wisconsin. As of September 1, ninety percent of the corn acreage was at or beyond the dough stage, 2 percentage points behind last year but equal to the 5-year average. By September 1, sixty percent of this year's corn acreage was denting, 2 percentage points behind last year but 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Nineteen percent of the Nation's corn acreage was mature by September 1, four percentage points ahead of last year and 6 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. As of September 29, ninety-six percent of this year's corn acreage was denting, 1 percentage point behind last year but 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. Seventy-five percent of the Nation's corn acreage was mature by September 29, four percentage points behind last year but 5 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. During the week ending September 29, corn maturing advanced 10 percentage points or more in 12 of the 18 estimating States. Twenty-one percent of the 2024 corn acreage was harvested by week's end, equal to last year but 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average harvest pace. Sorghum: Production is forecast at 305 million bushels, up 1 percent from the previous estimate but down 4 percent from last year. Area harvested for grain is forecast at 5.28 million acres, unchanged from the previous forecast but down 14 percent from 2023. Based on October 1 conditions, yield is forecast at 57.7 bushels per acre, 0.4 bushel above the previous estimate and up 5.7 bushels from the 2023 yield of 52.0 bushels per acre. Ninety-six percent of the Nation's sorghum acreage was at or beyond the coloring stage by September 29, one percentage point ahead of last year but equal to the 5-year average. Coloring was at or near completion in 5 of the 6 estimating States. By September 29, sixty-nine percent of the Nation's sorghum acreage was mature, 2 percentage points ahead of last year and 5 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Thirty-five percent of the 2024 sorghum acreage had been harvested by September 29, two percentage points ahead of last year and 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Ninety percent of Texas's sorghum acreage had been harvested by September 29, six percentage points ahead of last year and 5 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Forty-five percent of the Nation's sorghum acreage was rated in good to excellent condition on September 29, one percentage point above the previous week and 4 percentage points above the previous year. Rice: All rice production is forecast at 220 million cwt, up slightly from the previous forecast and up 1 percent from the previous year. Area for harvest is expected to total 2.90 million acres, unchanged from the previous estimate but up 1 percent from last year. Based on conditions as of October 1, the average United States yield is forecast at 7,590 pounds per acre, up 2 pounds per acre from the previous forecast, but down 59 pounds per acre from 2023. As of September 29, seventy-eight percent of the Nation's rice acreage had been harvested, 6 percentage points ahead of the previous year and 11 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Soybeans: Production is forecast at a record 4.58 billion bushels, down slightly from the previous estimate but up 10 percent from last year. The forecasted yield, at 53.1 bushels per acres, is up 2.5 bushels from last year's final estimate of 50.6 bushels per acre. If realized, this would be the highest yield on record for the Nation. Acreage harvested for beans is forecast at 86.3 million acres, unchanged from the previous forecast but up 5 percent from last year. The October objective yield data for the combined 11 major soybean-producing States (Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, and South Dakota) indicate a lower pod count compared with the previous year. Compared with final counts for 2023, pod counts are down in 7 of the 11 published States. South Dakota showed the greatest decrease, down 206 pods per 18 square feet from the previous year. As of September 29, eighty-one percent of the United States soybean acreage was at or beyond the leaf dropping stage, 1 percentage point behind last year but 8 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Soybean harvest was 26 percent complete as of September 29, six percentage points ahead of last year and 8 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. As of September 29, sixty-four percent of the Nation's soybean acreage was rated in good to excellent condition compared to 52 percent at the same time last year. If realized, the forecasted yield will be a record high in Arkansas, Illinois, Iowa, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, New York, and Texas. Sunflower: The first production forecast for 2024 is 1.30 billion pounds, down 42 percent from the revised 2023 production of 2.26 billion pounds. If realized, sunflower production for the Nation will be the lowest since 1976. Area planted, at 720,000 acres, is down 20 percent from the June estimate and down 45 percent from last year. Sunflower growers expect to harvest 691,000 acres, down 20 percent from the June forecast and down 45 percent from 2023. Planted and harvested area both represent the lowest on record for the Nation. Acreage updates were made in several States based on a thorough review of all available data. The October yield forecast, at 1,889 pounds per acre, is 102 pounds higher than last year's average yield and will represent the highest on record for the Nation, if realized. The forecasted production in North Dakota, the leading sunflower-producing State this year, is 591 million pounds, a decrease of 47 percent from 2023. Compared with last year, the average yield forecast of 1,997 pounds per acre in North Dakota is down 1 pound per acre. In South Dakota, the average yield is forecast at a record high 1,998 pounds per acre, up 288 pounds per acre from last year. By the end of September, harvest was underway in 2 of the 4 estimating States published in the weekly Crop Progress and Condition report, with harvest not yet started in North Dakota and South Dakota. As of September 30, one percent of the Nation's sunflower acreage was harvested, equal to last year's pace but 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average pace. Peanuts: Production is forecast at 6.44 billion pounds in 2024, down 4 percent from the previous forecast but up 8 percent from 2023 in comparable States. Area harvested is expected to total 1.75 million acres, unchanged from the previous forecast but up 12 percent from 2023 in comparable States. Based on conditions as of October 1, the average yield for the United States is forecast at 3,683 pounds per acre, down 153 pounds per acre from the previous forecast and down 119 pounds per acre from 2023 in comparable States. Record high production is expected in Arkansas. As of September 29, eleven percent of the Nation's peanut acreage was harvested, three percentage points behind last year and 6 points behind the 5-year average. As of September 29, fifty-two percent of the peanut acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, 4 percentage points ahead of the same time last year. Beginning in 2024, estimates for peanuts began in Missouri but were discontinued in New Mexico. Canola: The first production forecast for 2024 is a record high 4.93 billion pounds, up 14 percent from the 2023 revised production in comparable States. Production in North Dakota will be the highest on record, if realized. Production in Washington will be the second highest on record, if realized. Area planted for the Nation, at a record high 2.76 million acres, is up 4 percent from the June estimate and up 14 percent from last year's area in comparable States. Canola farmers expect to harvest a record high 2.72 million acres, up 4 percent from June and up 13 percent from 2023 in comparable States. Acreage updates were made in several States based on a thorough review of all available data. The October yield forecast, at 1,811 pounds per acre, is 18 pounds above last year's revised yield in comparable States and will be the fifth highest yield on record, if realized. The average yield forecast in Kansas and Oklahoma is up 600 pounds per acre and 1,000 pounds per acre from last year's average yield in those States, respectively. Meanwhile, the average yield forecast in Montana is down 520 pounds per acre from 2023. Record high yields are forecast in Minnesota and Oklahoma. The yield in North Dakota, the largest canola-producing State, is forecast at 1,880 pounds per acre, up 70 pounds from last year's yield. Planted area in North Dakota is estimated at a record high 2.15 million acres, up 11 percent from last year. Planting of this year's canola crop in North Dakota progressed ahead of last year's pace and the 5-year average pace throughout the month of May. As of June 2, eighty-one percent of the crop had been planted, 2 percentage points ahead of both last year's pace and the 5-year average pace. Blooming of the canola crop began in late June but lagged behind both last year's pace and the 5-year average pace. As of June 30, twenty-eight percent of the canola acreage was at or past the blooming stage, 11 percentage points behind last year's pace and 4 percentage points behind the 5-year average pace. Maturation of the crop remained behind the 5-year average pace through July and into August. Harvest began in mid-August and progressed to 79 percent complete by September 29, six percentage points behind last year and 5 percentage points behind the 5-year average. After being discontinued in 2019, estimates for canola began again for Idaho in 2024. Cotton: Upland harvested area for the Nation is expected to total 8.44 million acres, unchanged from the previous forecast but up 34 percent from last year. Expected Pima harvested area at 192,100 acres is unchanged from the previous estimate but up 39 percent from last year. By September 29, seventy-two percent of the Nation's cotton had open bolls, equal to last year but 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. Advances of 10 percentage points or more from the previous week occurred in 8 of the 15 estimating States. By September 29, twenty percent of the Nation's cotton acreage was harvested, 3 percentage points ahead of last year and 4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. On September 29, thirty-one percent of the 2024 cotton acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, 1 percentage point above the previous year. Hurricane Helene made landfall as a Category 4 storm on September 26, near the Panhandle and Big Bend areas of Florida and tracked through Georgia, South Carolina, and North Carolina. The extent of damage to the cotton crop after Hurricane Helene is not yet known as power outages, communication challenges, and road blockages prevented a full evaluation in many areas. Ginnings totaled 1,145,600 running bales prior to October 1, up from 952,650 running bales ginned prior to the same date last year. Alfalfa and alfalfa mixtures: Production of alfalfa and alfalfa mixture dry hay for 2024 is forecast at 54.0 million tons, up 3 percent from the August forecast and up 8 percent from 2023. Based on October 1 conditions, yields are expected to average 3.45 tons per acre, up 0.10 ton from the August forecast and up 0.26 ton from last year. Harvested area is forecast at 15.6 million acres, unchanged from the Acreage report but down slightly from 2023. Record high yields are forecast for California, Oregon, and Texas. Other hay: Production of other hay is forecast at 72.9 million tons, down 2 percent from the August forecast but up 6 percent from 2023. Based on October 1 conditions, the United States yield is expected to average 2.03 tons per acre, down 0.04 ton from the August forecast but up 0.18 ton from last year. Harvested area is forecast at 35.9 million acres, unchanged from the Acreage report but down 3 percent from 2023. A record high yield is expected in Wyoming while a record low production is expected in Ohio. Dry beans: Production of dry edible beans is forecast at 29.4 million cwt, down 4 percent from the previous estimate but up 27 percent from 2023 for comparable States. Acreage updates were made based on a thorough review of all available data. Area planted is estimated at 1.53 million acres, unchanged from the August forecast and up 33 percent from 2023 for comparable States. Area harvested is forecast at 1.49 million acres, unchanged from the August forecast and up 32 percent from 2023 for comparable States. The yield is forecast at 1,978 pounds per acre, a decrease of 78 pounds from the previous forecast and down 85 pounds from last season for comparable States. Beginning in 2024, estimates for dry edible beans were discontinued in California and Wyoming. Tobacco: The 2024 United States all tobacco production is forecast at 338 million pounds, down 4 percent from the previous forecast and down 15 percent from 2023 for comparable States. Area harvested, at 171,000 acres, is down 1 percent from the previous month and down 1 percent from last year for comparable States. Yield for the 2024 crop year is forecast at 1,976 pounds per acre, down 64 pounds from last month and 343 pounds below last year for comparable States. Beginning in 2024, estimates for tobacco were discontinued in Georgia, Pennsylvania, and South Carolina. Estimates for light air-cured burley type were discontinued in North Carolina and Virginia. Estimates for fire-cured type were discontinued in Virginia. Sugarbeets: Production of sugarbeets for the 2024 crop year is forecast at 35.6 million tons, up 1 percent from last month and up 1 percent from last year. Producers expect to harvest 1.08 million acres, unchanged from last month but down 5 percent from last year. Yield is forecast at 33.1 tons per acre, up 0.2 ton from last month and up 1.9 tons from last year. Sugarcane: Production of sugarcane for sugar and seed is forecast at 35.4 million tons, up slightly from last month and up 6 percent from last season in comparable States. Producers intend to harvest 924,000 acres for sugar and seed during the 2024 crop year, unchanged from last month and up 1 percent from last season, in comparable States. Yields for sugar and seed are expected to average 38.3 tons per acre, up 0.1 ton from last month and up 1.7 tons from last season, in comparable States. Beginning in 2024, estimates for sugarcane were discontinued in Texas. Grapefruit: The United States 2024-2025 grapefruit crop is forecast at 304,000 tons, down 12 percent from last season's final utilization. The California forecast, at 4.20 million boxes (168,000 tons), is down 2 percent from the last season. The Texas forecast at 1.90 million boxes (76,000 tons), is down 21 percent from the 2023-2024 season. The Florida forecast, at 1.40 million boxes (60,000 tons), is down 22 percent from the last season. Lemons: The 2024-2025 United States lemon crop is forecast at 1.10 million tons, up 5 percent from last season's final utilization in comparable States. The California forecast, at 26.0 million boxes (1.04 million tons), is up 6 percent from the 2023-2024 season. The Arizona forecast, at 900,000 boxes (36,000 tons), is down 5 percent from last year. Beginning in 2024-2025, estimates for lemons began in Florida. Tangerines and mandarins: The United States tangerine and mandarin crop is forecast at 1.02 million tons, down 9 percent from last season's final utilization. The California tangerine and mandarin forecast, at 25.0 million boxes (1.00 million tons), is down 9 percent from the previous year. The Florida tangerine and mandarin forecast, at 400,000 boxes (19,000 tons), is down 11 percent from last year. Pecans: Production is forecast at 271 million pounds, down 12 percent from 2023. Improved varieties are expected to produce 256 million pounds, or 95 percent of the total. The native and seedling varieties are expected to produce 14.6 million pounds, making up the remaining 5 percent of production. Statistical Methodology Field crop survey procedures: Objective yield and farm operator surveys were conducted between September 24 and October 7 to gather information on expected yield as of October 1. The objective yield surveys for corn and soybeans were conducted in the major producing States that usually account for about 75 percent of the United States production. Randomly selected plots were revisited to make current counts. The counts made within each sample plot depend on the crop and the maturity of that crop. In all cases, plant counts are recorded along with other measurements that provide information to forecast the number of ears, or pods and their weight. The counts are used with similar data from previous years to develop a projected biological yield. The average harvesting loss is subtracted to obtain a net yield. The plots are visited starting in September and are revisited each month until crop maturity when the fruit is harvested and weighed. After the farm operator has harvested the sample field, another plot is sampled to obtain current year harvesting loss. The farm operator survey was conducted primarily by telephone with some use of mail, internet, and personal interviewers. Approximately 7,500 producers were interviewed during the survey period and asked questions about probable yield. These growers will continue to be surveyed throughout the growing season to provide indications of average yields. Orange survey procedures: In Florida, during August and September, the number of bearing trees and the number of fruit per tree is determined. In August and subsequent months, fruit size measurement and fruit droppage surveys are conducted, which combined with the previous components are used to develop the current forecast of production. California and Texas conduct grower surveys on a quarterly basis in October, January, April, and July. California also conducts objective measurement surveys in September for Navel oranges and in March for Valencia oranges. Field crop estimating procedures: National and State level objective yield and grower reported data were reviewed for reasonableness and consistency with historical estimates. The survey data were also reviewed considering weather patterns and crop progress compared to previous months and previous years. Each Regional Field Office submits their analysis of the current situation to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the survey data and the State analyses to prepare the published October 1 forecasts. Orange estimating procedures: State level objective measurement estimates for Florida oranges were reviewed for errors, reasonableness, and consistency with historical estimates. Reports from growers in California and Texas were also used for setting estimates. These three States submit their analyses of the current situation to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the survey data and the State analyses to prepare the published October 1 forecast. Revision policy: The October 1 production forecast will not be revised; instead, a new forecast will be made each month throughout the growing season. End-of-season estimates are made after harvest. At the end of the marketing season, a balance sheet is calculated using carryover stocks, production, exports, millings, feeding, and ending stocks. Revisions are then made if the balance sheet relationships or other administrative data warrant changes. Estimates of acres for barley, corn, cotton, dry edible beans, oats, peanuts, rice, sorghum, soybeans, sugarbeets, and wheat are subject to revision in the August Crop Production report. Acres for chickpeas, corn, cotton, dry edible peas, lentils, peanuts, rice, sorghum, soybeans, and sugarbeets are subject to revision in the September Crop Production report each year. Barley, oats, rye, and wheat end-of-season estimates are published in the Small Grains Annual Summary report at the end of September. Canola, dry edible beans, and sunflower acres are subject to revision in the October Crop Production report. Potato acres are subject to revision in the November Crop Production report. End-of-season estimates for all other row crops are published in the Annual Crop Production Summary in January. Revisions to planted acres will only be made when either special survey data, administrative data, such as Farm Service Agency program "sign up" data, or remote sensing data are available. Harvested acres may be revised any time a production forecast is made if there is strong evidence that the intended harvested area has changed since the last forecast. End-of-season orange estimates will be published in August Citrus Fruits Summary. The orange production estimates are based on all data available at the end of the marketing season, including information from marketing orders, shipments, and processor records. Allowances are made for recorded local utilization and home use. Reliability: To assist users in evaluating the reliability of the October 1 production forecast, the "Root Mean Square Error," a statistical measure based on past performance, is computed. The deviation between the October 1 production forecast and the final estimate is expressed as a percentage of the final estimate. The average of the squared percentage deviations for the latest 20-year period is computed. The square root of the average becomes statistically the "Root Mean Square Error." Probability statements can be made concerning expected differences in the current forecast relative to the final end-of-season estimate, assuming that factors affecting this year's forecast are not different from those influencing recent years. For example, the "Root Mean Square Error" for the October 1 corn for grain production forecast is 2.0 percent. This means that chances are 2 out of 3 that the current production forecast will not be above or below the final estimate by more than 2.0 percent. Chances are 9 out of 10 (90 percent confidence level) that the difference will not exceed 3.5 percent. Also, shown in the following table is a 20-year record for selected crops of the differences between the October 1 forecast and the final estimate. Using corn again as an example, changes between the October 1 forecast and the final estimate during the last 20 years have averaged 217 million bushels, ranging from 1 million bushels to 635 million bushels. The October 1 forecast has been below the final estimate 9 times and above 10 times. This does not imply that the October 1 corn forecast this year is likely to understate or overstate final production. Reliability of October 1 Crop Production Forecasts [Based on data for the past twenty years] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : : : Difference between forecast : : : and final estimate : : :---------------------------------------- : :90 percent : Production : Years Crop : Root mean :confidence :---------------------------------------- :square error: interval : : : : Below : Above : : :Average:Smallest:Largest: final : final ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : ---- percent --- ------ millions ----- number : Corn for grain ........bushels: 2.0 3.5 217 1 635 9 10 Hay : Alfalfa .................tons: 5.3 9.1 2 (Z) 7 5 14 Other ...................tons: 4.4 7.7 3 (Z) 6 2 17 Oranges 1/ ...............tons: 9.8 17.0 410 2 1,676 3 16 Peanut 1/ ..............pounds: 6.1 10.5 278 17 729 10 9 Rice ......................cwt: 1.9 3.3 3 (Z) 12 10 9 Sorghum for grain .....bushels: 9.0 15.6 18 2 57 8 11 Soybeans for beans ....bushels: 2.5 4.3 61 1 261 14 5 Sugarbeets for sugar .....tons: 5.1 8.9 1 (Z) 5 8 11 Sugarcane ................tons: 5.9 10.1 1 (Z) 4 11 8 Upland cotton 1/ ........bales: 6.8 11.8 939 76 2,439 7 12 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (Z) Less than half of the unit shown. 1/ Quantity is in thousands of units. USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service Information Contacts Listed below are the commodity statisticians in the Crops Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to nass@usda.gov Patrick Boyle, Chief, Crops Branch................................................... (202) 720-2127 Chris Hawthorn, Head, Field Crops Section............................................ (202) 720-2127 Irwin Anolik - Crop Progress and Condition, Flaxseed, Mustardseed............... (202) 720-7621 Joshua Bates - Hemp, Oats, Soybeans............................................. (202) 690-3234 Natasha Bruton - Barley, Cotton System Consumption and Stocks, Grain Crushings.. (202) 690-1042 David Colwell - Fats and Oils, Flour Milling Products........................... (202) 720-8800 Michelle Harder - Hay, Peanuts.................................................. (202) 690-8533 Brittany Brown - Corn, Proso Millet, Rice....................................... (202) 720-2127 James Johanson - Rye, Wheat..................................................... (202) 720-8068 Becky Sommer - Cotton, Cotton Ginnings, Sorghum................................. (202) 720-5944 Travis Thorson - Canola, Rapeseed, Safflower, Sunflower......................... (202) 720-7369 Fleming Gibson, Head, Fruits, Vegetables and Special Crops Section................... (202) 720-2127 Deonne Holiday - Almonds, Carrots, Coffee, Cranberries, Garlic, Onions, Plums, Prunes, Tobacco............................................................... (202) 720-4288 Bret Holliman - Apricots, Chickpeas, Nectarines, Peaches, Snap Beans, Sweet Corn, Tomatoes................................................................. (202) 720-7235 Robert Little - Blueberries, Cabbage, Dry Beans, Lettuce, Macadamia, Maple Syrup, Pears, Raspberries, Spinach............................................. (202) 720-3250 Krishna Rizal - Artichokes, Asparagus, Celery, Grapefruit, Kiwifruit, Lemons, Mandarins and tangerines, Mint, Mushrooms, Olives, Oranges, Pistachios............... (202) 720-5412 Chris Singh - Apples, Cucumbers, Hazelnuts, Potatoes, Pumpkins, Squash, Strawberries, Sugarbeets, Sugarcane, Sweet Potatoes.......................... (202) 720-4285 Antonio Torres - Cantaloupes, Dry Edible Peas, Grapes, Green Peas, Honeydews, Lentils, Sweet Cherries, Tart Cherries, Walnuts, Watermelons.............. (202) 720-2157 Chris Wallace - Avocados, Bell Peppers, Broccoli, Cauliflower, Chile Peppers, Dates, Floriculture, Hops, Papayas, Pecans............................ (202) 720-4215 Access to NASS Reports For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways: All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: www.nass.usda.gov. Both national and state specific reports are available via a free e- mail subscription. 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