Crop Production ISSN: 1936-3737 Released December 10, 2024, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Cotton Production Up Less than 1 Percent from November Forecast Orange Production Down 5 Percent from October Forecast All cotton production is forecast at 14.3 million 480-pound bales, up less than 1 percent from the previous forecast and up 18 percent from 2023. Based on conditions as of December 1, yields are expected to average 792 pounds per harvested acre, up 3 pounds from the previous forecast but down 107 pounds from 2023. Upland cotton production is forecast at 13.8 million 480-pound bales, up less than 1 percent from the previous forecast and up 17 percent from 2023. Pima cotton production is forecast at 498,000 bales, up 4 percent from the previous forecast and up 58 percent from 2023. The United States all orange forecast for the 2024-2025 season is 2.48 million tons, down 5 percent from the previous forecast and down 10 percent from the 2023-2024 final utilization. The Florida all orange forecast, at 12.0 million boxes (540,000 tons), is down 20 percent from the previous forecast and down 33 percent from last season's final utilization. In Florida, early, midseason, and Navel varieties are forecast at 5.00 million boxes (225,000 tons), down 17 percent from the previous forecast and down 26 percent from last season's final utilization. The Florida Valencia orange forecast, at 7.00 million boxes (315,000 tons), is down 22 percent from the previous forecast and down 38 percent from last season's final utilization. California and Texas orange production forecasts were carried forward from the previous forecast. This report was approved on December 10, 2024. Secretary of Agriculture Designate Robert Bonnie Agricultural Statistics Board Chairperson Lance Honig Contents Cotton Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Type - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted December 1, 2024........................................................................................... 4 Cottonseed Production - United States: 2023 and Forecasted December 1, 2024................................ 5 Cotton Production - United States Chart.................................................................... 5 Utilized Production of Citrus Fruits by Crop - States and United States: 2023-2024 and Forecasted December 1, 2024........................................................................................... 6 Sugarcane for Sugar and Seed Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted December 1, 2024................................................................................ 7 Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2023 and 2024.... 8 Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2023 and 2024...... 10 Fruits and Nuts Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2024 and 2025................................ 12 Fruits and Nuts Production in Metric Units - United States: 2024 and 2025.................................. 13 Percent of Normal Precipitation Map........................................................................ 14 Departure from Normal Temperature Map...................................................................... 14 November Weather Summary................................................................................... 15 November Agricultural Summary.............................................................................. 15 Crop Comments.............................................................................................. 17 Statistical Methodology.................................................................................... 18 Reliability of December 1 Crop Production Forecasts........................................................ 19 Information Contacts....................................................................................... 20 Cotton Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Type - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted December 1, 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production 1/ :-------------------------------------------------------------------------- Type and State : : : : 2024 : : : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 :-----------------------: 2023 : 2024 : : : :November 1 :December 1 : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -- 1,000 acres -- ---------- pounds ---------- 1,000 bales 2/ : Upland : Alabama .........: 374.0 395.0 937 814 814 730.0 670.0 Arizona .........: 75.0 95.0 1,331 1,491 1,314 208.0 260.0 Arkansas ........: 505.0 640.0 1,295 1,200 1,275 1,362.0 1,700.0 California ......: 12.8 21.6 2,025 1,778 1,489 54.0 67.0 Florida .........: 87.0 84.0 612 629 629 111.0 110.0 Georgia .........: 1,100.0 1,090.0 949 815 881 2,175.0 2,000.0 Kansas ..........: 94.0 120.0 761 760 760 149.0 190.0 Louisiana .......: 115.0 150.0 872 992 1,056 209.0 330.0 Mississippi .....: 395.0 515.0 1,083 1,118 1,165 891.0 1,250.0 Missouri ........: 330.0 380.0 1,361 1,263 1,389 936.0 1,100.0 : New Mexico ......: 17.0 27.0 649 889 711 23.0 40.0 North Carolina ..: 370.0 400.0 933 876 900 719.0 750.0 Oklahoma ........: 180.0 315.0 560 457 442 210.0 290.0 South Carolina ..: 207.0 220.0 937 818 818 404.0 375.0 Tennessee .......: 260.0 250.0 1,250 1,075 1,046 677.0 545.0 Texas ...........: 2,100.0 3,650.0 618 552 513 2,705.0 3,900.0 Virginia ........: 80.0 90.0 1,122 1,013 960 187.0 180.0 : United States ...: 6,301.8 8,442.6 895 779 782 11,750.0 13,757.0 : American Pima : Arizona .........: 16.0 14.0 900 891 926 30.0 27.0 California ......: 82.0 135.0 1,346 1,412 1,429 230.0 402.0 New Mexico ......: 16.8 14.0 800 617 617 28.0 18.0 Texas ...........: 23.0 29.0 584 662 844 28.0 51.0 : United States ...: 137.8 192.0 1,101 1,203 1,245 316.0 498.0 : All : Alabama .........: 374.0 395.0 937 814 814 730.0 670.0 Arizona .........: 91.0 109.0 1,255 1,414 1,264 238.0 287.0 Arkansas ........: 505.0 640.0 1,295 1,200 1,275 1,362.0 1,700.0 California ......: 94.8 156.6 1,438 1,462 1,438 284.0 469.0 Florida .........: 87.0 84.0 612 629 629 111.0 110.0 Georgia .........: 1,100.0 1,090.0 949 815 881 2,175.0 2,000.0 Kansas ..........: 94.0 120.0 761 760 760 149.0 190.0 Louisiana .......: 115.0 150.0 872 992 1,056 209.0 330.0 Mississippi .....: 395.0 515.0 1,083 1,118 1,165 891.0 1,250.0 Missouri ........: 330.0 380.0 1,361 1,263 1,389 936.0 1,100.0 : New Mexico ......: 33.8 41.0 724 796 679 51.0 58.0 North Carolina ..: 370.0 400.0 933 876 900 719.0 750.0 Oklahoma ........: 180.0 315.0 560 457 442 210.0 290.0 South Carolina ..: 207.0 220.0 937 818 818 404.0 375.0 Tennessee .......: 260.0 250.0 1,250 1,075 1,046 677.0 545.0 Texas ...........: 2,123.0 3,679.0 618 553 515 2,733.0 3,951.0 Virginia ........: 80.0 90.0 1,122 1,013 960 187.0 180.0 : United States ...: 6,439.6 8,634.6 899 789 792 12,066.0 14,255.0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Production ginned and to be ginned. 2/ 480-pound net weight bale. Cottonseed Production - United States: 2023 and Forecasted December 1, 2024 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 1/ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 tons : United States ...: 3,644.0 4,352.0 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Based on a 3-year average lint-seed ratio. Utilized Production of Citrus Fruits by Crop - States and United States: 2023-2024 and Forecasted December 1, 2024 [The crop year begins with the bloom of the first year shown and ends with the completion of harvest the following year.] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Utilized production boxes 1/ :Utilized production ton equivalent Crop and State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023-2024 : 2024-2025 : 2023-2024 : 2024-2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ 1,000 boxes ----- ------ 1,000 tons ----- Oranges : California, all 2/ .........: 47,500 47,700 1,900 1,908 Early, mid, and Navel 3/ ..: 38,200 39,000 1,528 1,560 Valencia ..................: 9,300 8,700 372 348 : Florida, all ...............: 17,960 12,000 808 540 Early, mid, and Navel 3/ ..: 6,760 5,000 304 225 Valencia ..................: 11,200 7,000 504 315 : Texas, all 2/ ..............: 1,180 850 50 36 Early, mid, and Navel 3/ ..: 690 400 29 17 Valencia ..................: 490 450 21 19 : United States, all .........: 66,640 60,550 2,758 2,484 Early, mid, and Navel 3/ ..: 45,650 44,400 1,861 1,802 Valencia ..................: 20,990 16,150 897 682 : Grapefruit : California 2/ ..............: 4,300 4,200 172 168 Florida ....................: 1,790 1,200 76 51 Texas 2/ ...................: 2,400 1,900 96 76 : United States ..............: 8,490 7,300 344 295 : Tangerines and mandarins 4/ : California 2/ ..............: 27,400 25,000 1,096 1,000 Florida ....................: 450 350 21 17 : United States ..............: 27,850 25,350 1,117 1,017 : Lemons 2/ : Arizona ....................: 950 900 38 36 California .................: 24,600 26,000 984 1,040 Florida 5/ .................: (NA) 500 (NA) 23 : United States ..............: 25,550 27,400 1,022 1,099 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Net pounds per box: oranges in California-80, Florida-90, Texas-85; grapefruit in California-80, Florida-85, Texas-80; tangerines and mandarins in California-80, Florida-95; lemons-80. 2/ Estimates for current year carried forward from an earlier forecast. 3/ Navel and miscellaneous varieties in California. Early (including Navel) and midseason varieties in Florida and Texas. 4/ Includes tangelos and tangors. 5/ Estimates began with the 2024-2025 crop year. Sugarcane for Sugar and Seed Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted December 1, 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area harvested : Yield per acre 1/ : Production 1/ :--------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : 2024 : : : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 :-------------------------: 2023 : 2024 : : : : November 1 : December 1 : : ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres ------------ tons ------------ -- 1,000 tons -- : Florida ......: 407.6 404.0 44.6 46.1 45.9 18,187 18,544 Louisiana ....: 505.5 520.0 30.1 32.0 31.5 15,208 16,380 Texas 2/ .....: 16.5 (NA) 22.5 (NA) (NA) 371 (NA) : United States : 929.6 924.0 36.3 38.2 37.8 33,766 34,924 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. 1/ Net tons. 2/ Estimates discontinued in 2024. Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2023 and 2024 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2024 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area planted : Area harvested Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres : Grains and hay : Barley .................................: 3,109 2,373 2,574 1,875 Corn for grain 1/ ......................: 94,641 90,748 86,506 82,710 Corn for silage ........................: (NA) 6,461 Hay, all ...............................: (NA) (NA) 52,821 51,531 Alfalfa ..............................: (NA) (NA) 15,634 15,627 All other ............................: (NA) (NA) 37,187 35,904 Oats ...................................: 2,555 2,213 831 886 Proso millet ...........................: 619 450 572 Rice ...................................: 2,894 2,940 2,854 2,896 Rye ....................................: 2,293 2,206 322 402 Sorghum for grain 1/ ...................: 7,195 6,300 6,115 5,275 Sorghum for silage .....................: (NA) 384 Wheat, all .............................: 49,575 46,079 37,077 38,469 Winter ...............................: 36,699 33,390 24,558 26,103 Durum ................................: 1,676 2,064 1,604 2,036 Other spring .........................: 11,200 10,625 10,915 10,330 : Oilseeds : Canola .................................: 2,344.5 2,759.5 2,319.2 2,720.0 Cottonseed .............................: (X) (X) (X) (X) Flaxseed ...............................: 178 140 160 125 Mustard seed ...........................: 245.0 218.0 238.1 203.5 Peanuts ................................: 1,645.0 1,805.0 1,557.0 1,749.0 Rapeseed ...............................: 13.2 20.2 10.1 18.3 Safflower ..............................: 129.5 127.0 126.0 117.0 Soybeans for beans .....................: 83,600 87,100 82,271 86,271 Sunflower ..............................: 1,315.0 720.0 1,263.5 690.5 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops : Cotton, all ............................: 10,230.0 11,174.0 6,439.6 8,634.6 Upland ...............................: 10,083.0 10,975.0 6,301.8 8,442.6 American Pima ........................: 147.0 199.0 137.8 192.0 Sugarbeets .............................: 1,137.4 1,100.9 1,127.3 1,075.1 Sugarcane ..............................: (NA) (NA) 929.6 924.0 Tobacco ................................: (NA) (NA) 187.6 171.0 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas ..............................: 372.4 504.0 359.2 496.9 Dry edible beans .......................: 1,180.0 1,532.0 1,156.9 1,488.5 Dry edible peas ........................: 966.0 988.0 941.0 947.0 Lentils ................................: 546.0 936.0 523.0 900.0 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops ...................................: (NA) (NA) 54.3 44.8 Maple syrup ............................: (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Mushrooms ..............................: (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Peppermint oil .........................: (NA) 31.3 Potatoes ...............................: 966.0 928.0 961.1 923.1 Spearmint oil ..........................: (NA) 12.2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2023 and 2024 (continued) [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2024 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Yield per acre : Production Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : --------- 1,000 -------- : Grains and hay : Barley ..........................bushels: 72.3 76.7 186,127 143,836 Corn for grain ..................bushels: 177.3 183.1 15,340,520 15,142,749 Corn for silage ....................tons: 20.1 129,854 Hay, all ...........................tons: 2.25 2.46 118,769 126,846 Alfalfa ..........................tons: 3.19 3.45 49,916 53,975 All other ........................tons: 1.85 2.03 68,853 72,871 Oats ............................bushels: 68.6 76.5 57,045 67,793 Proso millet ....................bushels: 34.2 19,572 Rice 2/ .............................cwt: 7,649 7,590 218,291 219,812 Rye .............................bushels: 32.2 36.6 10,375 14,729 Sorghum for grain ...............bushels: 52.0 60.8 317,745 320,725 Sorghum for silage .................tons: 13.0 4,981 Wheat, all ......................bushels: 48.7 51.2 1,803,942 1,971,301 Winter ........................bushels: 50.6 51.7 1,242,368 1,348,930 Durum .........................bushels: 37.0 39.3 59,329 80,051 Other spring ..................bushels: 46.0 52.5 502,245 542,320 : Oilseeds : Canola ...........................pounds: 1,793 1,811 4,157,420 4,925,840 Cottonseed .........................tons: (X) (X) 3,644.0 4,352.0 Flaxseed ........................bushels: 18.5 2,961 Mustard seed .....................pounds: 627 149,305 Peanuts ..........................pounds: 3,775 3,723 5,877,560 6,512,300 Rapeseed .........................pounds: 2,003 20,230 Safflower ........................pounds: 1,036 130,570 Soybeans for beans ..............bushels: 50.6 51.7 4,162,057 4,461,310 Sunflower ........................pounds: 1,787 1,889 2,257,690 1,304,557 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops : Cotton, all 2/ ....................bales: 899 792 12,066.0 14,255.0 Upland 2/ .......................bales: 895 782 11,750.0 13,757.0 American Pima 2/ ................bales: 1,101 1,245 316.0 498.0 Sugarbeets .........................tons: 31.2 32.7 35,226 35,201 Sugarcane ..........................tons: 36.3 37.8 33,766 34,924 Tobacco ..........................pounds: 2,305 1,976 432,452 337,900 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas 2/ ........................cwt: 1,315 1,234 4,722 6,132 Dry edible beans 2/ .................cwt: 2,067 1,978 23,910 29,448 Dry edible peas 2/ ..................cwt: 1,922 2,036 18,086 19,278 Lentils 2/ ..........................cwt: 1,098 1,060 5,742 9,538 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops .............................pounds: 1,915 1,963 104,042.5 87,996.0 Maple syrup .....................gallons: (NA) (NA) 4,843 5,860 Mushrooms ........................pounds: (NA) (NA) 724,608 658,739 Peppermint oil ...................pounds: 90 2,811 Potatoes ............................cwt: 458 453 440,132 417,848 Spearmint oil ....................pounds: 126 1,541 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Area planted for all purposes. 2/ Yield in pounds. Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2023 and 2024 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2024 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : hectares : Grains and hay : Barley .........................: 1,258,180 960,330 1,041,670 758,790 Corn for grain 1/ ..............: 38,300,270 36,724,810 35,008,110 33,471,910 Corn for silage ................: (NA) 2,614,700 Hay, all 2/ ....................: (NA) (NA) 21,376,130 20,854,080 Alfalfa ......................: (NA) (NA) 6,326,920 6,324,090 All other ....................: (NA) (NA) 15,049,210 14,529,990 Oats ...........................: 1,033,980 895,580 336,300 358,560 Proso millet ...................: 250,500 182,110 231,480 Rice ...........................: 1,171,170 1,189,790 1,154,990 1,171,980 Rye ............................: 927,950 892,750 130,310 162,690 Sorghum for grain 1/ ...........: 2,911,740 2,549,550 2,474,680 2,134,740 Sorghum for silage .............: (NA) 155,400 Wheat, all 2/ ..................: 20,062,510 18,647,710 15,004,690 15,568,020 Winter .......................: 14,851,720 13,512,600 9,938,380 10,563,620 Durum ........................: 678,260 835,280 649,120 823,950 Other spring .................: 4,532,530 4,299,830 4,417,190 4,180,450 : Oilseeds : Canola .........................: 948,800 1,116,740 938,560 1,100,760 Cottonseed .....................: (X) (X) (X) (X) Flaxseed .......................: 72,030 56,660 64,750 50,590 Mustard seed ...................: 99,150 88,220 96,360 82,350 Peanuts ........................: 665,720 730,470 630,100 707,800 Rapeseed .......................: 5,340 8,170 4,090 7,410 Safflower ......................: 52,410 51,400 50,990 47,350 Soybeans for beans .............: 33,832,080 35,248,500 33,294,250 34,913,010 Sunflower ......................: 532,170 291,380 511,330 279,440 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops: Cotton, all 2/ .................: 4,139,980 4,522,010 2,606,040 3,494,340 Upland .......................: 4,080,490 4,441,470 2,550,280 3,416,640 American Pima ................: 59,490 80,530 55,770 77,700 Sugarbeets .....................: 460,290 445,520 456,210 435,080 Sugarcane ......................: (NA) (NA) 376,200 373,930 Tobacco ........................: (NA) (NA) 75,930 69,200 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas ......................: 150,710 203,960 145,360 201,090 Dry edible beans ...............: 477,530 619,990 468,190 602,380 Dry edible peas ................: 390,930 399,830 380,810 383,240 Lentils ........................: 220,960 378,790 211,650 364,220 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops ...........................: (NA) (NA) 21,980 18,030 Maple syrup ....................: (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Mushrooms ......................: (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Peppermint oil .................: (NA) 12,670 Potatoes .......................: 390,930 375,550 388,950 373,570 Spearmint oil ..................: (NA) 4,940 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2023 and 2024 (continued) [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2024 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Yield per hectare : Production Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : metric tons : Grains and hay : Barley .................................: 3.89 4.13 4,052,440 3,131,660 Corn for grain .........................: 11.13 11.49 389,667,160 384,643,540 Corn for silage ........................: 45.05 117,801,570 Hay, all 2/ ............................: 5.04 5.52 107,745,420 115,072,760 Alfalfa ..............................: 7.16 7.74 45,283,030 48,965,300 All other ............................: 4.15 4.55 62,462,390 66,107,460 Oats ...................................: 2.46 2.74 828,010 984,010 Proso millet ...........................: 1.92 443,890 Rice ...................................: 8.57 8.51 9,901,510 9,970,510 Rye ....................................: 2.02 2.30 263,540 374,130 Sorghum for grain ......................: 3.26 3.82 8,071,090 8,146,790 Sorghum for silage .....................: 29.08 4,518,690 Wheat, all 2/ ..........................: 3.27 3.45 49,095,260 53,650,020 Winter ...............................: 3.40 3.48 33,811,720 36,711,860 Durum ................................: 2.49 2.64 1,614,670 2,178,630 Other spring .........................: 3.09 3.53 13,668,870 14,759,530 : Oilseeds : Canola .................................: 2.01 2.03 1,885,770 2,234,320 Cottonseed .............................: (X) (X) 3,305,780 3,948,070 Flaxseed ...............................: 1.16 75,210 Mustard seed ...........................: 0.70 67,720 Peanuts ................................: 4.23 4.17 2,666,020 2,953,930 Rapeseed ...............................: 2.25 9,180 Safflower ..............................: 1.16 59,230 Soybeans for beans .....................: 3.40 3.48 113,272,630 121,416,960 Sunflower ..............................: 2.00 2.12 1,024,070 591,740 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops : Cotton, all 2/ .........................: 1.01 0.89 2,627,060 3,103,660 Upland ...............................: 1.00 0.88 2,558,260 2,995,230 American Pima ........................: 1.23 1.40 68,800 108,430 Sugarbeets .............................: 70.05 73.40 31,956,490 31,933,810 Sugarcane ..............................: 81.42 84.73 30,632,000 31,682,520 Tobacco ................................: 2.58 2.21 196,160 153,270 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas ..............................: 1.47 1.38 214,190 278,140 Dry edible beans .......................: 2.32 2.22 1,084,540 1,335,740 Dry edible peas ........................: 2.15 2.28 820,370 874,440 Lentils ................................: 1.23 1.19 260,450 432,640 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops ...................................: 2.15 2.20 47,190 39,910 Maple syrup ............................: (NA) (NA) 24,220 29,300 Mushrooms ..............................: (NA) (NA) 328,680 298,800 Peppermint oil .........................: 0.10 1,280 Potatoes ...............................: 51.33 50.74 19,964,050 18,953,270 Spearmint oil ..........................: 0.14 700 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Area planted for all purposes. 2/ Total may not add due to rounding. Fruits and Nuts Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2024 and 2025 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2024 crop year, except citrus which is for the 2024-2025 season. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Production Crop :----------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Citrus 1/ : Grapefruit ......................1,000 tons: 344 295 Lemons ..........................1,000 tons: 1,022 1,099 Oranges .........................1,000 tons: 2,758 2,484 Tangerines and mandarins ........1,000 tons: 1,117 1,017 : Noncitrus : Apples, commercial ..........million pounds: 11,110.0 Apricots ..............................tons: 36,000 Avocados ..............................tons: Blueberries, Cultivated .......1,000 pounds: Blueberries, Wild (Maine) .....1,000 pounds: Cherries, Sweet .......................tons: 355,000 Cherries, Tart ..............million pounds: 222.0 Coffee (Hawaii) ...............1,000 pounds: Cranberries .........................barrel: 8,240,000 : Dates .................................tons: Grapes ................................tons: 6,365,000 Kiwifruit (California) ................tons: Nectarines (California) ...............tons: Olives (California) ...................tons: Papayas (Hawaii) ..............1,000 pounds: Peaches ...............................tons: 719,000 Pears .................................tons: 520,000 Plums (California) ....................tons: Prunes (California) ...................tons: Raspberries, all .............1,000 pounds: Strawberries .....................1,000 cwt: : Nuts and miscellaneous : Almonds, shelled (California) .1,000 pounds: 2,800,000 Hazelnuts, in-shell (Oregon) ..........tons: Macadamias (Hawaii) ...........1,000 pounds: Pecans, in-shell ..............1,000 pounds: 270,900 Pistachios (California) .......1,000 pounds: Walnuts, in-shell (California) ........tons: 670,000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Production years are 2023-2024 and 2024-2025. Fruits and Nuts Production in Metric Units - United States: 2024 and 2025 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2024 crop year, except citrus which is for the 2024-2025 season. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Production Crop :----------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : metric tons : Citrus 1/ : Grapefruit ................................: 312,070 267,620 Lemons ....................................: 927,140 997,000 Oranges ...................................: 2,502,020 2,253,450 Tangerines and mandarins ..................: 1,013,330 922,610 : Noncitrus : Apples, commercial ........................: 5,039,410 Apricots ..................................: 32,660 Avocados ..................................: Blueberries, Cultivated ...................: Blueberries, Wild (Maine) .................: Cherries, Sweet ...........................: 322,050 Cherries, Tart ............................: 100,700 Coffee (Hawaii) ...........................: Cranberries ...............................: 373,760 : Dates .....................................: Grapes ....................................: 5,774,230 Kiwifruit (California) ....................: Nectarines (California) ...................: Olives (California) .......................: Papayas (Hawaii) ..........................: Peaches ...................................: 652,270 Pears .....................................: 471,740 Plums (California) ........................: Prunes (California) .......................: Raspberries, all ..........................: Strawberries ..............................: : Nuts and miscellaneous : Almonds, shelled (California) .............: 1,270,060 Hazelnuts, in-shell (Oregon) ..............: Macadamias (Hawaii) .......................: Pecans, in-shell ..........................: 122,880 Pistachios (California) ...................: Walnuts, in-shell (California) ............: 607,810 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Production years are 2023-2024 and 2024-2025. November Weather Summary Suddenly stormy weather across much of the western and central United States led to substantial reductions in drought coverage and greatly benefited rangeland, pastures, and winter wheat. According to the U.S. Drought Monitor, drought coverage across the Lower 48 States dropped to 41.45 percent by November 26, down from a 2-year high of 54.08 percent on October 29. Additionally, coverage of abnormal dryness (D0) and moderate to exceptional drought (D1 to D4) topped out at 87.78 percent of the country on November 5-a record during the 25-year history of the Drought Monitor-before falling back to 73.97 percent on November 26. Despite the overall improvement, a few areas-including portions of the lower Rio Grande Valley, the Desert Southwest, and the Atlantic Coast States-turned drier during November. National topsoil moisture, as reported by USDA/NASS, was rated 73 percent very short to short-highest at any time during the last 10 years-on October 27. However, with November precipitation providing much-needed moisture, especially across the central and southern Plains, Midwest, and Northwest, the national value fell to 35 percent in the final report of the season on November 24. On that date, statewide topsoil moisture was still rated 70 to 90 percent very short to short in Montana, South Dakota, and Wyoming, along with six states from the central Appalachians into New England. Due to beneficial, late-autumn precipitation across the central and southern Plains, as well as the Northwest, mid-South, and lower Midwest, winter wheat exhibited its greatest improvement in condition of the 21st century, when considering the period from the initial report (on October 27) to the final autumn update (on November 24). During that stretch, winter wheat rated in good to excellent condition increased from 38 to 55 percent, nationally, while the very poor to poor rating dipped from 23 to 12 percent. However, even with the marked improvement in most areas, pockets of drought on the northern Plains left 32 percent of the wheat in South Dakota in very poor to poor condition on November 24, along with 19 percent of the crop in Nebraska. Despite the turn toward wetter November weather, most harvest activities finished up ahead of schedule. The Nation's corn harvest was 95 percent complete by November 10, while the soybean harvest was 96 percent complete. On that date, producers in Minnesota and the Dakotas had already completed the soybean harvest. In the final report of the year on November 24, the Nation's cotton harvest was 84 percent complete, ahead of the 5-year average of 80 percent. There were many significant individual storms during November, several of which struck the central and southern Plains during the early- to mid-month period. In eastern Colorado and environs, back-to-back storms dumped as much as 2 to 4 feet of snow from November 5-9, increasing livestock stress but greatly benefiting rangeland, pastures, and winter wheat. Farther east, light rain on November 10-11 ended a 6-week spell without measurable precipitation in parts of the middle Atlantic States. Although Eastern showers curbed an elevated wildfire threat, rainfall was generally insufficient to provide meaningful drought relief. Farther west, one of the month's most impactful storm systems reached peak intensity on November 19-20 while centered over the northeastern Pacific Ocean. An "atmospheric river" associated with the storm belted northern California with heavy precipitation, leading to pockets of minor to locally moderate flooding. In Washington, high winds and extensive power outages led to more than 600,000 customers losing electricity at the height of the storm. During the last week of November, colder air engulfed the country. In the southern and eastern United States, dramatically colder conditions followed some of the warmest November weather on record. In fact, Southern warmth was persistent enough to result in the warmest November on record in many locations across the Gulf Coast States, mainly from eastern Texas to western Florida, where monthly temperatures averaged as much as 5 to 10°F above normal. Conversely, cooler-than-normal November weather prevailed in most areas from the Pacific Coast to the High Plains, with temperatures in scattered locations averaging as much as 5°F below normal. By November 30, freezes had ended the growing season along and north of a line from central Texas to the northern tier of Florida. November Agricultural Summary Most of the Nation's East and Midsection recorded warmer than normal temperatures during the month of November. Parts of the Lower Mississippi and Tennessee Valleys recorded temperatures 10°F or more above normal for the month. In contrast, most of the Nation's West was cooler than normal. Parts of the Rockies and Southwest recorded temperatures 4°F or more below normal. Most of Florida, the Mid-Atlantic, and New England, as well as much of the Northern Rockies and Southwest, were drier than normal during November. In contrast, large parts of the Great Plains, as well as parts of the Midwest, South, Southern Rockies, and West, recorded at least twice the normal amount of precipitation. Areas along the Pacific Northwest Coast recorded 18 inches or more of rain for the month. Ninety-one percent of the 2024 corn acreage was harvested by November 3, thirteen percentage points ahead of last year and 16 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average harvest pace. Ninety-five percent of the 2024 corn acreage was harvested by November 10, nine percentage points ahead of last year and 11 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average harvest pace. Corn harvest progress was ahead of the 5-year average pace in 17 of the 18 estimating States. Soybean harvest across the Nation was 94 percent complete by November 3, five percentage points ahead of last year and 9 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Soybean harvest across the Nation was 96 percent complete by November 10, two percentage points ahead of last year and 5 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Soybean harvest progress was ahead of the 5-year average pace in 16 of the 18 estimating States. Nationwide, producers had sown 87 percent of the intended 2025 winter wheat acreage by November 3, one percentage point behind last year and 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Nationwide, 66 percent of the winter wheat acreage had emerged by November 3, six percentage points behind last year and 5 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Nationwide, producers had sown 91 percent of the intended 2025 winter wheat acreage by November 10, one percentage point behind last year and 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Nationwide, 76 percent of the winter wheat acreage had emerged by November 10, three percentage points behind both last year and the 5-year average. Nationwide, producers had sown 97 percent of the intended 2025 winter wheat acreage by November 24, equal to last year but 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Planting progress was complete or nearing completion in 16 of the 18 estimating States. Nationwide, 89 percent of the winter wheat acreage had emerged by November 24, one percentage point behind last year but equal to the 5-year average. As of November 24, fifty-five percent of the 2025 winter wheat acreage was reported in good to excellent condition, 5 percentage points above the same time last year. By November 10, seventy-one percent of the Nation's cotton acreage was harvested, 7 percentage points ahead of last year and 8 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By November 24, eighty-four percent of the Nation's cotton acreage was harvested, 3 percentage points ahead of last year and 4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Cotton harvest progress advanced 15 percentage points for the week in California. Cotton harvest progress was ahead of the 5-year average pace in 12 of the 15 estimating States. Eighty-five percent of the 2024 sorghum acreage had been harvested by November 3, two percentage points ahead of last year and 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Ninety-five percent of the 2024 sorghum acreage had been harvested by November 17, equal to last year but 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. Sorghum harvest was complete or nearing completion in 5 of the 6 estimating States. Eighty-two percent of the Nation's peanut acreage was harvested as of November 10, three percentage points behind both last year and the 5-year average. Ninety-three percent of the Nation's peanut acreage was harvested as of November 24, two percentage points behind both last year and the 5-year average. Peanut harvest progress was complete or nearing completion in 7 of the 8 estimating States. By November 10, sugarbeet producers had harvested 97 percent of the Nation's crop, equal to both last year and the 5-year average. Sugarbeet harvest advanced 15 percentage points for the week in Michigan. By November 10, eighty-one percent of this year's sunflower crop was harvested, 17 percentage points ahead of last year and 11 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Sunflower harvest progress was ahead of the 5-year average pace in all 4 estimating States. By November 24, ninety- three percent of this year's sunflower crop was harvested, 9 percentage points ahead of both last year and the 5-year average. Sunflower harvest progress was complete or nearing completion in all 4 estimating States. Crop Comments Cotton: Upland harvested area for the Nation is expected to total 8.44 million acres, unchanged from the previous forecast but up 34 percent from last year. Expected Pima harvested area at 192,000 acres is unchanged from the previous estimate but up 39 percent from last year. Upland cotton production is forecast at 13.8 million 480-pound bales, up less than 1 percent from the previous forecast and up 17 percent from 2023. Pima cotton production is forecast at 498,000 bales, up 4 percent from the previous forecast and up 58 percent from 2023. If realized, a record high production and yield is forecast for Missouri. By November 24, eighty-four percent of the Nation's cotton acreage was harvested, 3 percentage points ahead of last year and 4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Cotton harvest progress was ahead of the 5-year average pace in 12 of the 15 estimating States. Ginnings totaled 9,677,550 running bales prior to December 1, up from 8,384,050 running bales ginned prior to the same date last year. Grapefruit: The United States 2024-2025 grapefruit crop is forecast at 295,000 tons, down 3 percent from the previous forecast and down 14 percent from last season's final utilization. The Florida forecast, at 1.20 million boxes (51,000 tons), is down 14 percent from previous forecast and down 33 percent from the last season. California and Texas grapefruit production forecasts were carried forward from the previous forecast. Tangerines and mandarins: The United States tangerine and mandarin crop is forecast at 1.02 million tons, down less than 1 percent from the previous forecast and down 9 percent from the last season's final utilization. The Florida tangerine and mandarin forecast, at 350,000 boxes (17,000 tons), is down 13 percent from the previous forecast and down 22 percent from last year. The California tangerine and mandarin forecast was carried forward from the previous forecast. Sugarcane: Production of sugarcane for sugar and seed is forecast at 34.9 million tons, down 1 percent from last month but up 5 percent from last season in comparable States. Producers intend to harvest 924,000 acres for sugar and seed during the 2024 crop year, unchanged from last month but up 1 percent from last season, in comparable States. Yields for sugar and seed are expected to average 37.8 tons per acre, down 0.4 ton from last month but up 1.2 tons from last season, in comparable States. Beginning in 2024, estimates for sugarcane were discontinued in Texas. Statistical Methodology Orange survey procedures: In August and September, the number of bearing trees and the number of fruit per tree is determined. In August and subsequent months, fruit size measurement and fruit droppage surveys are conducted, which combined with the previous components are used to develop the current forecast of production. California and Texas conduct grower surveys on a quarterly basis for the forecast, in October, January, April, and July. California conducts an objective measurement survey in September for Navel oranges and in March for Valencia oranges. Cotton estimating procedures: Reports from cotton ginners in each State were used to set estimates for cotton this month. Each cotton Regional Field Office submits its analysis of the current situation to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the survey data and the State analyses to prepare the published December 1 forecast. Orange estimating procedures: State level objective yield estimates for Florida oranges were reviewed for errors, reasonableness, and consistency with historical estimates. The Florida Field Office submits its analysis of the current situation to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the Florida objective yield survey data and their analyses to prepare the published December 1 forecast. The December 1 orange production forecasts for California and Texas were carried forward from October. Revision policy: The December 1 production forecasts will not be revised. For cotton, a new estimate will be made in January followed by end-of-season revisions in May. Administrative records are reviewed and revisions are made, if data relationships warrant changes. Harvested acres may be revised any time a production forecast is made, if there is strong evidence that the intended harvested area has changed since the last estimate. For oranges, the December 1 production forecasts will not be revised. A new forecast will be made each month throughout the growing season. End-of-season estimates will be published in the Citrus Fruits Summary released in August. The production estimates are based on all data available at the end of the marketing season, including information from marketing orders, shipments, and processor records. Allowances are made for recorded local utilization and home use. Reliability: To assist users in evaluating the reliability of the December 1 production forecasts, the "Root Mean Square Error," a statistical measure based on past performance, is computed. The deviation between the December 1 production forecast and the final estimate is expressed as a percentage of the final estimate. The average of squared percentage deviations for the latest 20-year period is computed. The square root of the average becomes statistically the "Root Mean Square Error." Probability statements can be made concerning expected differences in the current forecast relative to the final end-of-season estimate, assuming that factors affecting this year's forecast are not different from those influencing recent years. For example, the "Root Mean Square Error" for the December 1 Upland cotton production forecast is 3.5 percent. This means that chances are 2 out of 3 that the current cotton production forecast will not be above or below the final estimate by more than 3.5 percent. Chances are 9 out of 10 (90 percent confidence level) that the difference will not exceed 6.1 percent. Also, shown in the following table is a 20-year record for selected crops of the differences between the December 1 forecast and the final estimate. Using Upland cotton again as an example, changes between the December 1 forecast and the final estimate during the last 20 years have averaged 411,000 bales, ranging from 66,000 bales to 1,334,000 bales. The December 1 forecast for Upland cotton has been below the final estimate 7 times and above 13 times. This does not imply that the December 1 Upland cotton forecast this year is likely to understate or overstate final production. Reliability of December 1 Crop Production Forecasts [Based on data for the past twenty years] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : Difference between forecast : : : and final estimate : : :-------------------------------------------- : :90 percent : Production : Years Crop : Root mean :confidence :-------------------------------------------- :square error: interval : : : : Below : Above : : :Average :Smallest:Largest : final : final ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---- percent --- ------ millions ------ number : Oranges 1/ ...............tons: 7.2 12.4 337 21 1,012 4 16 Sugarcane ................tons: 3.7 6.3 1 (Z) 2 8 12 Upland cotton 1/ ........bales: 3.5 6.1 411 66 1,334 7 13 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (Z) Less than half of the unit shown. 1/ Quantity is in thousands of units. USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service Information Contacts Listed below are the commodity statisticians in the Crops Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to nass@usda.gov Patrick Boyle, Chief, Crops Branch................................................... (202) 720-2127 Chris Hawthorn, Head, Field Crops Section............................................ (202) 720-2127 Irwin Anolik - Crop Progress and Condition, Flaxseed, Mustardseed............... (202) 720-7621 Joshua Bates - Hemp, Oats, Soybeans............................................. (202) 690-3234 Natasha Bruton - Barley, Cotton System Consumption and Stocks, Grain Crushings.. (202) 690-1042 David Colwell - Fats and Oils, Flour Milling Products........................... (202) 720-8800 Michelle Harder - Hay, Peanuts.................................................. (202) 690-8533 James Johanson - Rye, Wheat..................................................... (202) 720-8068 Greg Lemmons - Corn, Proso Millet, Rice......................................... (202) 720-9526 Becky Sommer - Cotton, Cotton Ginnings, Sorghum................................. (202) 720-5944 Travis Thorson - Canola, Rapeseed, Safflower, Sunflower......................... (202) 720-7369 Fleming Gibson, Head, Fruits, Vegetables and Special Crops Section................... (202) 720-2127 Deonne Holiday - Almonds, Carrots, Coffee, Cranberries, Garlic, Onions, Plums, Prunes, Tobacco............................................................... (202) 720-4288 Bret Holliman - Apricots, Chickpeas, Nectarines, Peaches, Snap Beans, Sweet Corn, Tomatoes................................................................. (202) 720-7235 Robert Little - Blueberries, Cabbage, Dry Edible Beans, Kale, Lettuce, Macadamia, Maple Syrup, Pears, Raspberries, Spinach.................................. (202) 720-3250 Krishna Rizal - Artichokes, Asparagus, Celery, Grapefruit, Kiwifruit, Lemons, Mandarins and tangerines, Mint, Mushrooms, Olives, Oranges, Pistachios............... (202) 720-5412 Chris Singh - Apples, Cucumbers, Hazelnuts, Potatoes, Pumpkins, Squash, Strawberries, Sugarbeets, Sugarcane, Sweet Potatoes.......................... (202) 720-4285 Antonio Torres - Beets, Cantaloupes, Dry Edible Peas, Grapes, Green Peas, Honeydews, Lentils, Sweet Cherries, Tart Cherries, Walnuts, Watermelons.............. (202) 720-2157 Chris Wallace - Avocados, Bell Peppers, Broccoli, Cauliflower, Chile Peppers, Dates, Floriculture, Hops, Papayas, Pecans............................ 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