Crop Production ISSN: 1936-3737 Released July 11, 2025, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Winter Wheat Production down 3 Percent from June Forecast Orange Production Up 3 Percent Winter wheat production is forecast at 1.35 billion bushels, down 3 percent from the June 1 forecast and down less than 1 percent from 2024. As of July 1, the United States yield is forecast at 54.2 bushels per acre, up 0.5 bushel from last month and up 2.5 bushels from last year's average yield of 51.7 bushels per acre. If realized, the United States yield would be the second highest behind 2016. Hard Red Winter production, at 755 million bushels, is down 4 percent from last month. Soft Red Winter, at 337 million bushels, is down 2 percent from the June forecast. White Winter, at 254 million bushels, is down slightly from last month. Of the White Winter production, 20.1 million bushels are Hard White and 234 million bushels are Soft White. Durum wheat production is forecast at 79.7 million bushels, down less than 1 percent from 2024. Based on July 1 conditions, yields are expected to average 38.7 bushels per harvested acre, down 0.6 bushel from 2024. Area harvested for grain or seed is expected to total 2.06 million acres, unchanged from the Acreage report released on June 30, 2025, but up 1 percent from 2024. Other spring wheat production for grain is forecast at 504 million bushels, down 7 percent from last year. Based on July 1 conditions, yields are expected to average 51.7 bushels per harvested acre, down 0.8 bushel from 2024. If realized, the United States yield would be the second highest behind last year. Area harvested for grain or seed is expected to total 9.75 million acres, unchanged from the Acreage report released on June 30, 2025, but 6 percent below 2024. Of the total production, 469 million bushels are Hard Red Spring wheat, down 7 percent from 2024. The United States all orange forecast for the 2024-2025 season is 2.54 million tons, up 3 percent from the previous forecast but down 5 percent from the 2023-2024 utilization. The Florida all orange forecast, at 12.2 million boxes (547,000 tons), is up 1 percent from the previous forecast but down 33 percent from last season's utilization. In Florida, early, midseason, and Navel varieties are forecast at 4.60 million boxes (207,000 tons), unchanged from the previous forecast but down 32 percent from last season's final utilization. The Florida Valencia orange forecast, at 7.55 million boxes (340,000 tons), is up 2 percent from the previous forecast but down 33 percent from last season's utilization. The California all orange forecast at 49.0 million boxes (1.96 million tons), is up 3 percent from the previous forecast and up 8 percent from last season's revised utilization. The California Navel orange forecast is 41.0 million boxes (1.64 million tons), up 3 percent from the previous forecast and up 7 percent from last season's revised utilization. The California Valencia orange forecast is 8.00 million boxes (320,000 tons), up 7 percent from the previous forecast and up 13 percent from last season's revised utilization. The Texas all orange forecast, at 850,000 boxes (37,000 tons), is down 3 percent from the previous forecast and down 28 percent from last season's final utilization. This report was approved on July 11, 2025. Deputy Secretary of Agriculture Stephen Alexander Vaden Agricultural Statistics Board Chairperson Lance Honig Contents Oat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted July 1, 2025...... 4 Barley Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted July 1, 2025... 4 Winter Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted July 1, 2025................................................................................................ 5 Durum Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted July 1, 2025................................................................................................ 6 Other Spring Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted July 1, 2025................................................................................................ 6 Wheat Production by Class - United States: 2024 and Forecasted July 1, 2025................................. 6 Utilized Production of Citrus Fruits by Crop - States and United States: 2023-2024 and Forecasted July 1, 2025................................................................................................ 7 Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Class and Type - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted July 1, 2025..................................................................................... 8 Apricots Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted July 1, 2025............................ 9 Almonds Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted July 1, 2025............................. 9 Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2024 and 2025..... 10 Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2024 and 2025....... 12 Fruits and Nuts Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2024 and 2025................................. 14 Fruits and Nuts Production in Metric Units - United States: 2024 and 2025................................... 15 Winter Wheat Objective Yield Percent of Samples Processed in the Lab - United States: 2021-2025............. 16 Winter Wheat Heads per Square Foot - Selected States: 2021-2025............................................. 17 Percent of Normal Precipitation Map......................................................................... 18 Departure from Normal Temperature Map....................................................................... 18 June Weather Summary........................................................................................ 19 June Agricultural Summary................................................................................... 20 Crop Comments............................................................................................... 22 Statistical Methodology..................................................................................... 24 Reliability of July 1 Crop Production Forecasts............................................................. 25 Information Contacts........................................................................................ 26 Oat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted July 1, 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres ---- bushels --- 1,000 bushels : Georgia ..........: 21 20 62.0 62.0 1,302 1,240 Idaho ............: 10 16 92.0 58.0 920 928 Illinois .........: 17 14 93.0 96.0 1,581 1,344 Iowa .............: 73 50 82.0 84.0 5,986 4,200 Kansas ...........: 26 22 66.0 64.0 1,716 1,408 Maine ............: 16 15 73.0 69.0 1,168 1,035 Michigan .........: 33 28 66.0 68.0 2,178 1,904 Minnesota ........: 140 140 88.0 77.0 12,320 10,780 Montana ..........: 25 25 33.0 33.0 825 825 Nebraska .........: 36 30 69.0 52.0 2,484 1,560 : New York .........: 40 20 65.0 55.0 2,600 1,100 North Carolina ...: 12 16 73.0 71.0 876 1,136 North Dakota .....: 135 140 98.0 97.0 13,230 13,580 Ohio .............: 20 35 68.0 83.0 1,360 2,905 Oregon ...........: 11 8 98.0 75.0 1,078 600 Pennsylvania .....: 51 35 59.0 59.0 3,009 2,065 South Dakota .....: 88 100 88.0 88.0 7,744 8,800 Texas ............: 68 55 46.0 47.0 3,128 2,585 Wisconsin ........: 64 55 67.0 77.0 4,288 4,235 : United States ....: 886 824 76.5 75.5 67,793 62,230 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Barley Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted July 1, 2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production :----------------------------------------------------------------- State : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres ---- bushels --- 1,000 bushels : Colorado .......: 39 43 145.0 146.0 5,655 6,278 Idaho ..........: 510 520 109.0 112.0 55,590 58,240 Minnesota ......: 25 40 70.0 75.0 1,750 3,000 Montana ........: 710 610 51.0 48.0 36,210 29,280 North Dakota ...: 285 420 74.0 74.0 21,090 31,080 Washington .....: 70 55 66.0 50.0 4,620 2,750 Wyoming ........: 51 50 112.0 100.0 5,712 5,000 : Other States 1/ : 185 179 71.4 67.9 13,209 12,159 : United States ..: 1,875 1,917 76.7 77.1 143,836 147,787 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Other States include: Alaska, Arizona, California, Delaware, Kansas, Maine, Maryland, Michigan, New York, North Carolina, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Utah, Virginia, and Wisconsin. Individual State level estimates will be published in the "Small Grains 2025 Summary." Winter Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted July 1, 2025 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production :------------------------------------------------------------------------ State : : : : 2025 : : : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 :-------------------: 2024 : 2025 : : : : June 1 : July 1 : : ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres ------- bushels ------- --- 1,000 bushels --- : Arkansas .......: 85 80 56.0 61.0 62.0 4,760 4,960 California .....: 75 80 78.0 87.0 85.0 5,850 6,800 Colorado .......: 1,840 1,850 35.0 37.0 40.0 64,400 74,000 Idaho ..........: 700 720 89.0 97.0 97.0 62,300 69,840 Illinois .......: 700 680 86.0 86.0 87.0 60,200 59,160 Indiana ........: 240 235 89.0 86.0 86.0 21,360 20,210 Kansas .........: 7,150 6,700 43.0 51.0 50.0 307,450 335,000 Kentucky .......: 390 355 75.0 84.0 83.0 29,250 29,465 Maryland .......: 180 155 75.0 82.0 80.0 13,500 12,400 Michigan .......: 375 490 87.0 88.0 89.0 32,625 43,610 : Missouri .......: 480 445 75.0 71.0 76.0 36,000 33,820 Montana ........: 1,830 2,110 50.0 44.0 44.0 91,500 92,840 Nebraska .......: 920 820 52.0 37.0 37.0 47,840 30,340 North Carolina .: 330 260 57.0 65.0 63.0 18,810 16,380 Ohio ...........: 465 500 85.0 83.0 83.0 39,525 41,500 Oklahoma .......: 2,850 2,750 38.0 39.0 38.0 108,300 104,500 Oregon .........: 725 740 70.0 75.0 75.0 50,750 55,500 Pennsylvania ...: 195 175 75.0 75.0 72.0 14,625 12,600 South Dakota ...: 760 660 63.0 47.0 48.0 47,880 31,680 Tennessee ......: 320 270 75.0 75.0 73.0 24,000 19,710 : Texas ..........: 2,600 1,850 31.0 30.0 32.0 80,600 59,200 Virginia .......: 85 65 66.0 67.0 65.0 5,610 4,225 Washington .....: 1,750 1,800 70.0 70.0 70.0 122,500 126,000 Wisconsin ......: 220 250 82.0 76.0 76.0 18,040 19,000 : Other States 1/ : 838 790 49.2 54.9 54.0 41,255 42,625 : United States ..: 26,103 24,830 51.7 53.7 54.2 1,348,930 1,345,365 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Other States include Alabama, Delaware, Georgia, Mississippi, New Mexico, New York, North Dakota, South Carolina, Utah, and Wyoming. Individual State level estimates will be published in the "Small Grains 2025 Summary." Durum Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted July 1, 2025 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production :---------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : 2025 : : : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 :-----------------: 2024 : 2025 : : : : June 1 : July 1 : : --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres ------- bushels ------- 1,000 bushels : Arizona ........: 58 49 109.0 113.0 114.0 6,322 5,586 California .....: 23 17 108.0 105.0 100.0 2,484 1,700 Montana ........: 860 820 23.0 (X) 21.0 19,780 17,220 North Dakota ...: 1,095 1,175 47.0 (X) 47.0 51,465 55,225 : United States ..: 2,036 2,061 39.3 (X) 38.7 80,051 79,731 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (X) Not applicable. Other Spring Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted July 1, 2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres --- bushels --- 1,000 bushels : Idaho ..........: 435 380 89.0 79.0 38,715 30,020 Minnesota ......: 1,180 1,160 68.5 69.0 80,830 80,040 Montana ........: 2,340 2,210 26.0 24.0 60,840 53,040 North Dakota ...: 5,250 4,900 59.0 59.0 309,750 289,100 South Dakota ...: 635 630 49.0 47.0 31,115 29,610 Washington .....: 490 465 43.0 47.0 21,070 21,855 : United States ..: 10,330 9,745 52.5 51.7 542,320 503,665 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Wheat Production by Class - United States: 2024 and Forecasted July 1, 2025 [Wheat class estimates are based on the latest available data including both surveys and administrative data. The previous end-of-year season class percentages are used throughout the forecast season for States that do not have survey or administrative data available] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Crop : 2024 : 2025 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 bushels : Winter : Hard red ............: 770,439 754,534 Soft red ............: 342,439 336,834 Hard white ..........: 19,559 20,111 Soft white ..........: 216,493 233,886 : Spring : Hard red ............: 502,867 468,825 Hard white ..........: 9,502 7,423 Soft white ..........: 29,951 27,417 Durum ...............: 80,051 79,731 : Total ............ : 1,971,301 1,928,761 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Utilized Production of Citrus Fruits by Crop - States and United States: 2023-2024 and Forecasted July 1, 2025 [The crop year begins with the bloom of the first year shown and ends with the completion of harvest the following year] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Utilized production boxes 1/ :Utilized production ton equivalent Crop and State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023-2024 : 2024-2025 : 2023-2024 : 2024-2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ 1,000 boxes ----- ------ 1,000 tons ----- Oranges : California, all ............: 45,400 49,000 1,816 1,960 Early, mid, and Navel 2/ ..: 38,300 41,000 1,532 1,640 Valencia ..................: 7,100 8,000 284 320 : Florida, all ...............: 18,060 12,150 813 547 Early, mid, and Navel 2/ ..: 6,760 4,600 304 207 Valencia ..................: 11,300 7,550 509 340 : Texas, all .................: 1,180 850 50 37 Early, mid, and Navel 2/ ..: 690 530 29 23 Valencia ..................: 490 320 21 14 : United States, all .........: 64,640 62,000 2,679 2,544 Early, mid, and Navel 2/ ..: 45,750 46,130 1,865 1,870 Valencia ..................: 18,890 15,870 814 674 : Grapefruit : California .................: 3,900 4,300 156 172 Florida ....................: 1,790 1,300 76 55 Texas ......................: 2,400 2,000 96 80 : United States ..............: 8,090 7,600 328 307 : Tangerines and mandarins 3/ : California .................: 27,200 28,000 1,088 1,120 Florida ....................: 450 400 21 19 : United States ..............: 27,650 28,400 1,109 1,139 : Lemons : Arizona ....................: 950 1,120 38 45 California .................: 24,500 27,000 980 1,080 Florida 4/ .................: (NA) 670 (NA) 30 : United States ..............: 25,450 28,790 1,018 1,155 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Net pounds per box: oranges in California-80, Florida-90, Texas-85; grapefruit in California-80, Florida-85, Texas-80; tangerines and mandarins in California-80, Florida-95; lemons in Arizona-80, California-80, Florida-90. 2/ Navel and miscellaneous varieties in California. Early (including Navel) and midseason varieties in Florida and Texas. 3/ Includes tangelos and tangors. 4/ Estimates began with the 2024-2025 crop year. Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Class and Type - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted July 1, 2025 [Blank data cells indicate estimation period had not yet begun] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production Class, type and State :----------------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ acres ----- ---- pounds ---- -- 1,000 pounds -- : Class 1, Flue-cured (11-14) : North Carolina .........................: 114,000 115,000 1,800 2,250 205,200 258,750 Virginia ...............................: 12,400 11,400 2,050 2,400 25,420 27,360 : United States ..........................: 126,400 126,400 1,825 2,264 230,620 286,110 : Class 2, Fire-cured (21-23) : Kentucky ...............................: 4,700 4,000 3,350 15,745 Tennessee ..............................: 3,700 4,200 3,000 11,100 : United States ..........................: 8,400 8,200 3,196 26,845 : Class 3A, Light air-cured : Type 31, Burley : Kentucky .............................: 25,000 24,000 2,050 51,250 Tennessee ............................: 3,600 3,500 1,600 5,760 : United States ........................: 28,600 27,500 1,993 57,010 : Class 3B, Dark air-cured (35-37) : Kentucky ...............................: 3,100 2,800 2,700 8,370 Tennessee ..............................: 950 1,100 2,500 2,375 : United States ..........................: 4,050 3,900 2,653 10,745 : All tobacco : United States ..........................: 167,450 166,000 1,942 325,220 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Apricots Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted July 1, 2025 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Total production State :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : tons : California ............: 33,400 28,000 Washington ............: 900 2,700 : United States .........: 34,300 30,700 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Almonds Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted July 1, 2025 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Total production (shelled basis) State :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 pounds : California ............: 2,730,000 3,000,000 : United States .........: 2,730,000 3,000,000 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2024 and 2025 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2025 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area planted : Area harvested Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres : Grains and hay : Barley .................................: 2,373 2,416 1,875 1,917 Corn for grain 1/ ......................: 90,594 95,203 82,896 86,774 Corn for silage ........................: (NA) 6,100 Hay, all ...............................: (NA) (NA) 49,390 49,725 Alfalfa ..............................: (NA) (NA) 14,612 14,192 All other ............................: (NA) (NA) 34,778 35,533 Oats ...................................: 2,213 2,287 886 824 Proso millet ...........................: 481 410 427 Rice ...................................: 2,910 2,684 2,867 2,647 Rye ....................................: 2,206 2,415 402 385 Sorghum for grain 1/ ...................: 6,300 6,200 5,605 5,335 Sorghum for silage .....................: (NA) 306 Wheat, all .............................: 46,079 45,478 38,469 36,636 Winter ...............................: 33,390 33,325 26,103 24,830 Durum ................................: 2,064 2,108 2,036 2,061 Other spring .........................: 10,625 10,045 10,330 9,745 : Oilseeds : Canola .................................: 2,751.5 2,388.0 2,710.0 2,349.0 Cottonseed .............................: (X) (X) Flaxseed ...............................: 148 375 140 348 Mustard seed ...........................: 185.0 165.0 176.9 155.8 Peanuts ................................: 1,801.0 1,900.0 1,758.0 1,850.0 Rapeseed ...............................: 17.5 20.1 15.7 18.0 Safflower ..............................: 116.6 130.0 108.0 122.0 Soybeans for beans .....................: 87,050 83,380 86,050 82,535 Sunflower ..............................: 720.8 998.0 686.1 957.7 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops : Cotton, all ............................: 11,183.0 10,120.0 7,805.2 Upland ...............................: 10,976.0 9,949.0 7,604.7 American Pima ........................: 207.0 171.0 200.5 Sugarbeets .............................: 1,104.3 1,087.2 1,085.5 1,069.0 Sugarcane ..............................: (NA) (NA) 920.0 930.0 Tobacco ................................: (NA) (NA) 167.5 166.0 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas ..............................: 502.0 540.0 492.4 522.8 Dry edible beans .......................: 1,533.0 1,600.0 1,503.6 1,571.1 Dry edible peas ........................: 976.0 1,070.0 939.9 1,024.0 Lentils ................................: 936.0 1,010.0 903.0 964.0 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops ...................................: (NA) (NA) 44.8 42.2 Maple syrup ............................: (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Mushrooms ..............................: (NA) (NA) Peppermint oil .........................: (NA) 23.2 Potatoes ...............................: 930.0 912.0 925.4 905.9 Spearmint oil ..........................: (NA) 10.3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2024 and 2025 (continued) [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2025 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Yield per acre : Production Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : --------- 1,000 -------- : Grains and hay : Barley ..........................bushels: 76.7 77.1 143,836 147,787 Corn for grain ..................bushels: 179.3 14,866,744 Corn for silage ....................tons: 20.2 123,093 Hay, all ...........................tons: 2.48 122,462 Alfalfa ..........................tons: 3.41 49,840 All other ........................tons: 2.09 72,622 Oats ............................bushels: 76.5 75.5 67,793 62,230 Proso millet ....................bushels: 32.9 14,061 Rice 2/ .............................cwt: 7,748 222,133 Rye .............................bushels: 36.6 14,729 Sorghum for grain ...............bushels: 61.3 343,850 Sorghum for silage .................tons: 13.3 4,062 Wheat, all ......................bushels: 51.2 52.6 1,971,301 1,928,761 Winter ........................bushels: 51.7 54.2 1,348,930 1,345,365 Durum .........................bushels: 39.3 38.7 80,051 79,731 Other spring ..................bushels: 52.5 51.7 542,320 503,665 : Oilseeds : Canola ...........................pounds: 1,784 4,834,030 Cottonseed .........................tons: (X) 4,262.0 Flaxseed ........................bushels: 17.3 2,420 Mustard seed .....................pounds: 577 102,015 Peanuts ..........................pounds: 3,668 6,448,020 Rapeseed .........................pounds: 2,019 31,705 Safflower ........................pounds: 1,200 129,585 Soybeans for beans ..............bushels: 50.7 4,366,492 Sunflower ........................pounds: 1,670 1,145,605 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops : Cotton, all 2/ ....................bales: 886 14,413.0 Upland 2/ .......................bales: 880 13,942.0 American Pima 2/ ................bales: 1,128 471.0 Sugarbeets .........................tons: 32.5 35,278 Sugarcane ..........................tons: 37.4 34,381 Tobacco ..........................pounds: 1,942 325,220 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas 2/ ........................cwt: 1,144 5,632 Dry edible beans 2/ .................cwt: 2,081 31,289 Dry edible peas 2/ ..................cwt: 1,775 16,679 Lentils 2/ ..........................cwt: 1,002 9,049 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops .............................pounds: 1,944 87,072.2 Maple syrup .....................gallons: (NA) (NA) 5,860 5,771 Mushrooms ........................pounds: (NA) 658,739 Peppermint oil ...................pounds: 103 2,391 Potatoes ............................cwt: 454 420,242 Spearmint oil ....................pounds: 132 1,357 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Area planted for all purposes. 2/ Yield in pounds. Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2024 and 2025 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2025 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : hectares : Grains and hay : Barley .........................: 960,330 977,730 758,790 775,790 Corn for grain 1/ ..............: 36,662,490 38,527,700 33,547,180 35,116,570 Corn for silage ................: (NA) 2,468,610 Hay, all 2/ ....................: (NA) (NA) 19,987,640 20,123,210 Alfalfa ......................: (NA) (NA) 5,913,330 5,743,360 All other ....................: (NA) (NA) 14,074,310 14,379,850 Oats ...........................: 895,580 925,530 358,560 333,460 Proso millet ...................: 194,660 165,920 172,800 Rice ...........................: 1,177,650 1,086,190 1,160,250 1,071,210 Rye ............................: 892,750 977,330 162,690 155,810 Sorghum for grain 1/ ...........: 2,549,550 2,509,080 2,268,290 2,159,020 Sorghum for silage .............: (NA) 123,840 Wheat, all 2/ ..................: 18,647,710 18,404,490 15,568,020 14,826,220 Winter .......................: 13,512,600 13,486,290 10,563,620 10,048,450 Durum ........................: 835,280 853,090 823,950 834,070 Other spring .................: 4,299,830 4,065,110 4,180,450 3,943,700 : Oilseeds : Canola .........................: 1,113,500 966,400 1,096,710 950,620 Cottonseed .....................: (X) (X) Flaxseed .......................: 59,890 151,760 56,660 140,830 Mustard seed ...................: 74,870 66,770 71,590 63,050 Peanuts ........................: 728,850 768,910 711,450 748,680 Rapeseed .......................: 7,080 8,130 6,350 7,280 Safflower ......................: 47,190 52,610 43,710 49,370 Soybeans for beans .............: 35,228,260 33,743,050 34,823,570 33,401,090 Sunflower ......................: 291,700 403,880 277,660 387,570 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops: Cotton, all 2/ .................: 4,525,650 4,095,460 3,158,690 Upland .......................: 4,441,880 4,026,260 3,077,550 American Pima ................: 83,770 69,200 81,140 Sugarbeets .....................: 446,900 439,980 439,290 432,610 Sugarcane ......................: (NA) (NA) 372,310 376,360 Tobacco ........................: (NA) (NA) 67,770 67,180 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas ......................: 203,150 218,530 199,270 211,570 Dry edible beans ...............: 620,390 647,500 608,490 635,810 Dry edible peas ................: 394,980 433,020 380,370 414,400 Lentils ........................: 378,790 408,740 365,440 390,120 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops ...........................: (NA) (NA) 18,130 17,090 Maple syrup ....................: (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Mushrooms ......................: (NA) (NA) Peppermint oil .................: (NA) 9,390 Potatoes .......................: 376,360 369,080 374,500 366,610 Spearmint oil ..................: (NA) 4,170 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2024 and 2025 (continued) [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2025 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Yield per hectare : Production Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : metric tons : Grains and hay : Barley .................................: 4.13 4.15 3,131,660 3,217,680 Corn for grain .........................: 11.26 377,632,690 Corn for silage ........................: 45.24 111,668,090 Hay, all 2/ ............................: 5.56 111,095,660 Alfalfa ..............................: 7.65 45,214,090 All other ............................: 4.68 65,881,570 Oats ...................................: 2.74 2.71 984,010 903,270 Proso millet ...........................: 1.85 318,900 Rice ...................................: 8.68 10,075,780 Rye ....................................: 2.30 374,130 Sorghum for grain ......................: 3.85 8,734,190 Sorghum for silage .....................: 29.76 3,684,980 Wheat, all 2/ ..........................: 3.45 3.54 53,650,020 52,492,270 Winter ...............................: 3.48 3.64 36,711,860 36,614,830 Durum ................................: 2.64 2.60 2,178,630 2,169,920 Other spring .........................: 3.53 3.48 14,759,530 13,707,510 : Oilseeds : Canola .................................: 2.00 2,192,680 Cottonseed .............................: (X) 3,866,420 Flaxseed ...............................: 1.08 61,470 Mustard seed ...........................: 0.65 46,270 Peanuts ................................: 4.11 2,924,770 Rapeseed ...............................: 2.26 14,380 Safflower ..............................: 1.34 58,780 Soybeans for beans .....................: 3.41 118,836,440 Sunflower ..............................: 1.87 519,640 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops : Cotton, all 2/ .........................: 0.99 3,138,060 Upland ...............................: 0.99 3,035,510 American Pima ........................: 1.26 102,550 Sugarbeets .............................: 72.85 32,003,660 Sugarcane ..............................: 83.77 31,189,920 Tobacco ................................: 2.18 147,520 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas ..............................: 1.28 255,460 Dry edible beans .......................: 2.33 1,419,250 Dry edible peas ........................: 1.99 756,550 Lentils ................................: 1.12 410,460 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops ...................................: 2.18 39,500 Maple syrup ............................: (NA) (NA) 29,300 28,860 Mushrooms ..............................: (NA) 298,800 Peppermint oil .........................: 0.12 1,080 Potatoes ...............................: 50.90 19,061,860 Spearmint oil ..........................: 0.15 620 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Area planted for all purposes. 2/ Total may not add due to rounding. Fruits and Nuts Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2024 and 2025 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2025 crop year, except citrus which is for the 2024-2025 season. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Production Crop :----------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Citrus 1/ : Grapefruit ......................1,000 tons: 328 307 Lemons ..........................1,000 tons: 1,018 1,155 Oranges .........................1,000 tons: 2,679 2,544 Tangerines and mandarins ........1,000 tons: 1,109 1,139 : Noncitrus : Apples, commercial ..........million pounds: 10,853.0 Apricots ..............................tons: 34,300 30,700 Avocados ..............................tons: 197,070 Blueberries, Cultivated .......1,000 pounds: 795,300 Blueberries, Wild (Maine) .....1,000 pounds: 90,900 Cherries, Sweet .......................tons: 367,200 383,000 Cherries, Tart ..............million pounds: 214.8 138.5 Coffee (Hawaii) ...............1,000 pounds: 25,270 Cranberries .........................barrel: 8,946,000 : Dates .................................tons: 62,450 Grapes ................................tons: 5,403,800 Kiwifruit (California) ................tons: 35,400 Nectarines (California) ...............tons: 128,500 Olives (California) ...................tons: 162,500 Papayas (Hawaii) ..............1,000 pounds: 11,000 Peaches ...............................tons: 709,200 Pears .................................tons: 510,500 Plums (California) ....................tons: 91,300 Prunes (California) ...................tons: 234,300 Raspberries ...................1,000 pounds: 180,960 Strawberries .....................1,000 cwt: 32,320.0 : Nuts and miscellaneous : Almonds, shelled (California) .1,000 pounds: 2,730,000 3,000,000 Hazelnuts, in-shell (Oregon) ..........tons: 96,800 Macadamias (Hawaii) ...........1,000 pounds: 35,900 Pecans, in-shell ..............1,000 pounds: 264,980 Pistachios (California) .......1,000 pounds: 1,100,000 Walnuts, in-shell (California) ........tons: 603,000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Production years are 2023-2024 and 2024-2025. Fruits and Nuts Production in Metric Units - United States: 2024 and 2025 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2025 crop year, except citrus which is for the 2024-2025 season. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Production Crop :----------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : metric tons : Citrus 1/ : Grapefruit ................................: 297,560 278,510 Lemons ....................................: 923,510 1,047,800 Oranges ...................................: 2,430,350 2,307,880 Tangerines and mandarins ..................: 1,006,070 1,033,280 : Noncitrus : Apples, commercial ........................: 4,922,840 Apricots ..................................: 31,120 27,850 Avocados ..................................: 178,780 Blueberries, Cultivated ...................: 360,740 Blueberries, Wild (Maine) .................: 41,230 Cherries, Sweet ...........................: 333,120 347,450 Cherries, Tart ............................: 97,430 62,820 Coffee (Hawaii) ...........................: 11,460 Cranberries ...............................: 405,780 : Dates .....................................: 56,650 Grapes ....................................: 4,902,240 Kiwifruit (California) ....................: 32,110 Nectarines (California) ...................: 116,570 Olives (California) .......................: 147,420 Papayas (Hawaii) ..........................: 4,990 Peaches ...................................: 643,380 Pears .....................................: 463,120 Plums (California) ........................: 82,830 Prunes (California) .......................: 212,550 Raspberries ...............................: 82,080 Strawberries ..............................: 1,466,010 : Nuts and miscellaneous : Almonds, shelled (California) .............: 1,238,310 1,360,780 Hazelnuts, in-shell (Oregon) ..............: 87,820 Macadamias (Hawaii) .......................: 16,280 Pecans, in-shell ..........................: 120,190 Pistachios (California) ...................: 498,950 Walnuts, in-shell (California) ............: 547,030 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Production years are 2023-2024 and 2024-2025. Winter Wheat for Grain Objective Yield Data The National Agricultural Statistics Service is conducting objective yield surveys in 10 winter wheat-producing States during 2025. Randomly selected plots in winter wheat for grain fields are visited monthly from May through harvest to obtain specific counts and measurements. Data in these tables are based on counts from this survey. Winter Wheat Objective Yield Percent of Samples Processed in the Lab - United States: 2021-2025 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : June : July : August Year :----------------------------------------------------------- : Mature 1/ : Mature 1/ : Mature 1/ --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : 2021 ..........: 7 64 97 2022 ..........: 14 64 91 2023 ..........: 9 52 94 2024 ..........: 21 70 93 2025 ..........: 8 58 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Includes winter wheat in the hard dough stage or beyond and are considered mature or almost mature. Winter Wheat Heads per Square Foot - Selected States: 2021-2025 [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : 2021 : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 1/ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : number : Colorado : July ................: 49.9 40.8 41.5 39.8 51.7 August ..............: 46.8 39.7 48.4 40.9 Final ...............: 46.8 39.7 48.4 40.9 : Illinois : July ................: 63.3 63.1 58.3 63.1 63.4 August ..............: 63.4 62.9 58.3 61.0 Final ...............: 63.4 62.9 58.3 61.0 : Kansas : July ................: 51.4 40.7 37.3 42.1 51.3 August ..............: 51.4 40.7 38.5 41.1 Final ...............: 51.4 40.7 38.5 41.1 : Missouri : July ................: 55.4 55.5 48.1 57.0 57.7 August ..............: 55.4 55.5 48.1 56.9 Final ...............: 55.4 55.5 48.1 56.6 : Montana : July ................: 40.2 36.0 44.3 47.2 46.5 August ..............: 38.9 38.2 44.8 47.2 Final ...............: 38.9 38.3 44.8 47.2 : Nebraska : July ................: 47.7 45.1 45.7 61.3 51.7 August ..............: 47.0 45.4 43.2 60.6 Final ...............: 47.0 45.4 43.2 60.6 : Ohio : July ................: 66.7 55.1 57.9 61.5 58.7 August ..............: 66.5 55.0 57.7 60.6 Final ...............: 66.5 55.0 57.7 60.6 : Oklahoma : July ................: 38.2 35.2 40.2 36.3 37.8 August ..............: 38.2 35.3 40.2 35.1 Final ...............: 38.2 35.3 40.2 35.1 : Texas : July ................: 32.1 29.0 31.2 30.8 35.2 August ..............: 31.3 28.8 31.3 31.2 Final ...............: 31.3 28.9 31.7 31.2 : Washington : July ................: 33.3 40.3 31.7 39.0 37.8 August ..............: 33.4 41.0 31.9 38.0 Final ...............: 33.4 41.1 31.9 37.9 : 10 State : July ................: 45.5 40.6 39.7 42.3 46.9 August ..............: 45.0 40.8 40.7 41.8 Final ...............: 45.0 40.8 40.8 41.8 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Final head counts will be published in the "Small Grains 2025 Summary." June Weather Summary Highlights: Most areas east of the Rockies received abundant June rainfall, slowing fieldwork at times but maintaining mostly favorable conditions for rangeland, pastures and summer crops. By June 29, nearly three-quarters (73 percent) of the Nation's corn and 66 percent of the soybeans were rated in good to excellent condition, with both crops just starting to enter the temperature-and moisture-sensitive reproductive stage of development. Generally favorable late-June crop conditions extended to Southern crops such as rice (80 percent good to excellent) and peanuts (72 percent). However, some drought-related impacts persisted or developed across the northern High Plains and the Northwest, with 14 percent of the Nation's spring wheat rated in very poor to poor condition on June 29. On that date, Montana led the Nation with 41 percent of its spring wheat rated very poor to poor-and led the Plains with 47 percent of its rangeland and pastures in those two categories. According to the U.S. Drought Monitor, drought coverage across the Lower 48 States increased from 29.58 to 32.39 percent during the 4-week period ending July 1. However, the increase was driven by Northwestern drought development, as all regions east of the Rockies noted a decline in drought coverage. At the beginning of July, 64.50 percent of the 11-state Western region was experiencing drought, up from 51.20 percent just 4 weeks earlier. On July 1, extreme to exceptional drought (D3 to D4) was reported in parts of seven Western States, led by Arizona (47 percent coverage) and New Mexico (33 percent). East of the Rockies, significant coverage of D3 to D4 was limited to 13 percent of Texas. June wetness across the central and eastern United States was particularly notable during the first two-thirds of the month. During the last 10 days of June, a strong ridge of high pressure traversed the Nation's mid-section before parking over the middle Atlantic States. Hot weather and high humidity levels prevailed beneath the core of the ridge, although "ring of fire" convection wrapping around the ridge-and coinciding with the seasonal development of the North American monsoon circulation-led to heavy showers and locally severe thunderstorms from the southern Rockies into upper Midwest, eventually extending eastward toward the Atlantic Coast. Late-month downpours also developed in the eastern Gulf Coast region. Monthly temperatures broadly averaged 1 to 3°F above normal in the central and eastern United States, with slightly cooler conditions noted from parts of the Dakotas into the upper Great Lakes region. The most intense heat east of the Rockies generally occurred outside the Corn Belt and before key summer crops entered reproduction. By June 29, only 8 percent of the Nation's corn was silking, while 17 percent of the soybeans were blooming. Those numbers were close to the respective 5-year averages of 6 and 16 percent. Meanwhile, Western heat weather was more persistent, helping to elevate monthly temperatures as much as 5°F above normal. Northwestern heat, combined with mostly dry weather, led to a boost in irrigation demands, as well as increased stress on rangeland, pastures, and rain-fed summer crops. By June 29, topsoil moisture was rated 64 percent very short to short in Montana, along with 60 percent in Oregon and Washington. Additionally, topsoil moisture was rated at least 30 percent very short to short on that date in all Western States, except California, as well as Texas (38 percent very short to short) and Nebraska (32 percent). Conversely, topsoil moisture was rated more than 20 percent surplus near the end of June in four Midwestern States, four Southern States, and a half-dozen states from West Virginia to Maine. In some areas, wetness was an impediment to final summer crop planting efforts, as well as winter wheat harvesting. Despite a late-month acceleration in progress, only 37 percent of the Nation's winter wheat had been harvested by June 29, versus 52 percent a year ago and the 5-year average of 42 percent. Thunderstorms east of the Rockies spawned more than 250 June tornadoes, based on preliminary information, along with approximately 4,000 reports of damaging winds. Much of the tornadic activity was focused on the Plains and Midwest. One of the month's most dramatic severe-weather events was the derecho that traversed the north-central United States on the night of June 20-21, starting in southeastern Montana before tearing across the entire length of North Dakota with winds as high as 100 mph and ending in the upper Great Lakes region. Additionally, locally catastrophic flash flooding occurred in several areas, including the San Antonio area of Texas (13 fatalities) on June 12 and the northern panhandle of West Virginia (nine fatalities) on June 14-15. June Agricultural Summary June brought warmer-than-normal temperatures across key agricultural regions in the United States. In parts of the Pacific Northwest and Southwest, temperatures were 2° to 6°F above average. Much of the Ohio Valley also experienced above-normal temperatures during the month. While the Pacific Northwest remained dry, precipitation was near or above average across much of the United States. Some areas in the central and southern Great Plains recorded above-normal precipitation, with some areas receiving up to 6 inches more than average. The Lower Mississippi Valley and Tennessee Valley also saw above-normal precipitation in June. In contrast, northern and much of eastern Florida experienced unusually dry conditions. By June 1, producers had planted 93 percent of the Nation's corn acreage, 3 percentage points ahead of last year but equal to the 5-year average. Seventy-eight percent of the Nation's corn crop had emerged by June 1, six percentage points ahead of the previous year and 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. By June 15, ninety-four percent of the 2025 corn crop had emerged, 2 percentage points ahead of last year but equal to the 5-year average. By June 29, eight percent of the Nation's corn crop had reached the silking stage, 2 percentage points behind last year but 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. On June 29, seventy-three percent of the Nation's corn was rated in good to excellent condition, 6 percentage points above the same time last year. Eighty-four percent of the Nation's soybean acreage was planted by June 1, seven percentage points ahead of last year and 4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By June 1, sixty-three percent of the soybean crop had emerged, 10 percentage points ahead of last year and 6 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Ninety-three percent of the 2025 soybean acreage was planted by June 15, one percentage point ahead of last year but 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Eighty-four percent of the Nation's soybean crop had emerged by June 15, four percentage points ahead of last year and 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. By June 29, ninety-four percent of the soybean crop had emerged, equal to last year but 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Seventeen percent of the Nation's soybean crop was blooming by June 29, one percentage point behind last year but 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. By June 29, three percent of the Nation's soybean crop had begun setting pods, equal to last year but 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. On June 29, sixty-six percent of the Nation's soybean crop was rated in good to excellent condition, 1 percentage point below the same time last year. Nationwide, 83 percent of the winter wheat crop was headed by June 1, one percentage point ahead of last year and 4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Three percent of the Nation's winter wheat acreage had been harvested by June 1, two percentage points behind last year but equal to the 5-year average. By June 15, ninety-three percent of the Nation's winter wheat crop was headed, equal to last year but 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. Ten percent of the 2025 winter wheat acreage had been harvested by June 15, fifteen percentage points behind last year and 6 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By June 29, thirty-seven percent of 2025 winter wheat acreage had been harvested, 15 percentage points behind last year and 5 percentage points behind the 5-year average. On June 29, forty-eight percent of the 2025 winter wheat crop was reported in good to excellent condition, 3 percentage points below the same time last year. Sixty-six percent of the Nation's cotton acreage was planted by June 1, two percentage points behind last year and 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Eight percent of the Nation's cotton crop had reached the squaring stage by June 1, equal to last year but 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. By June 15, producers had planted 85 percent of the 2025 cotton acreage, 4 percentage points behind last year and 5 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Nineteen percent of the Nation's cotton crop had reached the squaring stage by June 15, two percentage points behind last year but 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Three percent of the Nation's cotton crop had begun setting bolls by June 15, two percentage points behind last year but equal to the 5-year average. By June 29, producers had planted 95 percent of the Nation's cotton acreage, 2 percentage points behind last year and 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Forty percent of the Nation's cotton crop had reached the squaring stage by June 29, one percentage point behind last year but 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By June 29, nine percent of the Nation's cotton crop had begun setting bolls, 2 percentage points behind last year but equal to the 5-year average. On June 29, fifty-one percent of the 2025 cotton crop was rated in good to excellent condition, 1 percentage point above the same time last year. Forty-six percent of the Nation's sorghum crop was planted by June 1, four percentage points behind last year and 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Nationally, 69 percent of the sorghum acreage was planted by June 15, nine percentage points behind last year and 6 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By June 29, ninety-two percent of the Nation's sorghum acreage was planted, 3 percentage points behind last year and 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Eighteen percent of the Nation's sorghum had reached the headed stage by June 29, one percentage point behind last year and 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. On June 29, sixty-four percent of the Nation's sorghum was rated in good to excellent condition, 6 percentage points above the same time last year. By June 1, ninety-seven percent of the Nation's rice acreage had been planted, 2 percentage points behind last year but equal to the 5-year average. Eighty-eight percent of the Nation's rice had emerged by June 1, one percentage point ahead of last year and 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By June 15, ninety-seven percent of the Nation's rice crop had emerged, 1 percentage point ahead of both last year and the 5-year average. Six percent of the Nation's rice had reached the heading stage by June 15, one percentage point ahead of last year and 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By June 29, nineteen percent of the Nation's rice had reached the headed stage, 2 percentage points ahead of last year and 5 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. On June 29, eighty percent of the Nation's rice acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, 2 percentage points below the same time last year. Nationally, oats producers had seeded 97 percent of the 2025 acreage by June 1, one percentage point ahead of last year and 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Nationally, 86 percent of the oat crop had emerged by June 1, equal to last year but 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Thirty-three percent of the Nation's oat crop had headed by June 1, one percentage point ahead of last year and 4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By June 15, ninety-five percent of the Nation's oat crop had emerged, equal to both last year and the 5-year average. Forty-nine percent of the oat crop had headed by June 15, equal to last year but 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By June 29, seventy-four percent of the Nation's oat crop had headed, 2 percentage points ahead of both last year and the 5-year average. On June 29, sixty-one percent of the oat crop was rated in good to excellent condition, 6 percentage points below the same time last year. Ninety percent of the Nation's barley acreage was planted by June 1, three percentage points behind last year and 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Seventy-one percent of the Nation's barley crop had emerged by June 1, one percentage point behind both last year and the 5-year average. By June 15, eighty-nine percent of the Nation's barley crop had emerged, 2 percentage points ahead of last year but 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Five percent of the Nation's barley had reached the headed stage by June 15, one percentage point ahead of last year but 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By June 29, ninety-six percent of the Nation's barley crop had emerged, 3 percentage points behind both last year and the 5-year average. Thirty-five percent of the Nation's barley had reached the headed stage by June 29, one percentage point ahead of last year but 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. On June 29, forty-three percent of the Nation's barley acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, 21 percentage points below the same time last year. By June 1, ninety-five percent of the Nation's spring wheat crop was seeded, 2 percentage points ahead of last year and 5 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Seventy-three percent of the Nation's spring wheat crop had emerged by June 1, three percentage points behind last year but 4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By June 15, eighty-nine percent of the Nation's spring wheat crop had emerged, 5 percentage points behind last year and 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Four percent of the Nation's spring wheat crop had reached the headed stage by June 15, equal to last year but 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By June 29, ninety-six percent of the Nation's spring wheat crop had emerged, 4 percentage points behind both last year and the 5-year average. Thirty-eight percent of the Nation's spring wheat crop had reached the headed stage by June 29, three percentage points ahead of last year and 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. On June 29, fifty-three percent of the Nation's spring wheat acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, 19 percentage points below the same time last year. Nationally, peanut producers had planted 81 percent of the 2025 peanut acreage by June 1, one percentage point ahead of both last year and the 5-year average. By June 15, producers had planted 95 percent of the 2025 peanut acreage, equal to both last year and the 5-year average. Thirteen percent of the Nation's peanut crop had reached the pegging stage by June 15, equal to last year but 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By June 29, forty-one percent of the Nation's peanut crop had reached the pegging stage, one percentage point behind last year but 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. On June 29, seventy-two percent of the Nation's peanuts acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, 19 percentage points above the same time last year. By June 1, producers had planted 41 percent of the 2025 sunflower acreage, 6 percentage points ahead of last year and 5 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By June 15, producers had planted 78 percent of the Nation's sunflower acreage, 2 percentage points behind last year but equal to the 5-year average. Ninety-seven percent of the 2025 sunflower acreage was planted by June 29, one percentage point ahead of both last year and the 5-year average. Crop Comments Oats: Production is forecast at 62.2 million bushels, down 8 percent from the 2024 crop. Growers expect to harvest 824,000 acres for grain, unchanged from the previous forecast but down 7 percent from 2024. Based on conditions as of July 1, the United States yield is forecast at 75.5 bushels per acre, 1.0 bushel below the 2024 average. Record high yields are forecasted for Illinois, Iowa, and Wisconsin. As of June 29, seventy-four percent of the Nation's oat acreage was headed, 2 percentage points ahead of both last year and the 5-year average. At that time, 61 percent of the oat crop was rated in good to excellent condition compared to 67 percent at this time last year. Barley: Production is forecast at 148 million bushels, up 3 percent from 2024. Based on conditions as of July 1, the average yield for the United States is forecast at 77.1 bushels per acre, up 0.4 bushel from last year. Area harvested for grain is forecast at 1.92 million acres, unchanged from the Acreage report released on June 30, 2025, but up 2 percent from last year. Record high yields are forecast in Colorado, Idaho, and North Dakota. Thirty-five percent of the Nation's barley acreage had reached the headed stage by June 29, one percentage point ahead of last year but two percentage points behind the 5-year average. On June 29, forty-three percent of the Nation's barley acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, 21 percentage points below the same time last year. Winter wheat: Production is forecast at 1.35 billion bushels, down 3 percent from the previous forecast and down less than 1 percent from 2024. Based on July 1 conditions, the United States yield is forecast at 54.2 bushels per acre, up 0.5 bushel from last month and up 2.5 bushels from last year's average yield. If realized, the United States yield would be the second highest behind 2016. Area expected to be harvested for grain or seed totals 24.8 million acres, unchanged from the Acreage report released on June 30, 2025, but down 5 percent from last year. Record high yields are forecast in Illinois, Michigan, and Missouri for 2025. Forecasted head counts from the objective yield survey in the six Hard Red Winter States (Colorado, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, Oklahoma, and Texas) are above last year's levels in Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas, but below last year's level in Montana and Nebraska. As of June 29, harvest progress was behind normal in Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, Oklahoma, and Texas. Harvest had not yet begun in Montana as of June 29. Forecasted head counts from the objective yield survey in the three Soft Red Winter States (Illinois, Missouri, and Ohio) are above last year's levels in Illinois and Missouri, but below last year's levels in Ohio. As of June 29, harvest progress was behind the 5-year average pace in Illinois, Missouri, and Ohio. Forecasted head counts from the objective yield survey in Washington are below last year. Sixty-three percent of the Washington acreage was rated in good to excellent condition as of June 29. Durum wheat: Production is forecast at 79.7 million bushels, down less than 1 percent from 2024. The United States yield is forecast at 38.7 bushels per acre, down 0.6 bushel from last year's average yield. Area expected to be harvested for grain or seed totals 2.06 million acres, unchanged from the Acreage report released on June 30, 2025, but up 1 percent from 2024. A record high yield is forecast in North Dakota for 2025. Montana and North Dakota are the two largest Durum-producing States. As of June 29, eight percent of the acreage in Montana and 79 percent of the acreage in North Dakota were rated in good to excellent condition. As of June 29, Montana Durum wheat progress was only 5 percent headed. In North Dakota, Durum wheat headed progress was rated at 10 percent as of June 29, twenty-one percentage points behind last year and 12 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Other spring wheat: Production is forecast at 504 million bushels, down 7 percent from 2024. The United States yield is forecast at 51.7 bushels per acre, down 0.8 bushel from last year's average yield of 52.5 bushels per acre. If realized, the United States yield would be the second highest behind last year. The area expected to be harvested for grain or seed is expected to total 9.75 million acres, unchanged from the Acreage report released on June 30, 2025, but 6 percent below 2024. A record high yield is forecast in Minnesota and North Dakota for 2025. In the six major producing States, 38 percent of the acreage was headed as of June 29, one percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. As of June 29, fifty-three percent of the other spring wheat acreage was rated in good to excellent condition compared to 72 percent at the same time in 2024. Grapefruit: The United States 2024-2025 grapefruit crop is forecast at 307,000 tons, down 4 percent from the previous forecast and down 6 percent from last season's final utilization. The California forecast, at 4.30 million boxes (172,000 tons), is unchanged from the previous forecast but up 10 percent from the last season. Tangerines and mandarins: The United States tangerine and mandarin crop is forecast at 1.14 million tons, up 8 percent from the previous forecast and up 3 percent from last season's final utilization. The California tangerine and mandarin forecast, at 28.0 million boxes (1.12 million tons), is up 8 percent from the previous forecast and up 3 percent from last season. Lemons: The 2024-2025 United States lemon crop is forecast at 1.16 million tons, up 1 percent from the previous forecast and up 11 percent from last season's revised utilization in comparable States. The California forecast, at 27.0 million boxes (1.08 million tons), is unchanged from the previous forecast but up 10 percent from the 2023-2024 season's revised total. Beginning in 2024-2025, estimates for lemons began in Florida. Tobacco: The 2025 United States all flue-cured tobacco production is forecast at 286 million pounds, up 24 percent from 2024. Area harvested is expected to total 126,400 acres, unchanged from the Acreage report released on June 30, 2025, and unchanged from 2024. If realized, this will be the second lowest flue-cured harvested area and third lowest production on record. Yield for the 2025 crop year is forecast at 2,264 pounds per acre, 439 pounds above last year's average. Apricots: The 2025 apricot crop is forecast at 30,700 tons, down 10 percent from last year. Almonds: The 2025 California almond production (shelled basis) is forecast at 3.00 billion pounds, up 7 percent from the previous forecast and up 10 percent from the previous year. Production for California will represent the second largest on record, if realized. The 2025 almond crop experienced variable weather during bloom, which began in early February and peaked in the middle of the month. Storms brought rain, wind and hail, which hindered bee hours and blossom growth. Conditions improved in early March with warm temperatures accelerating the crop's progress through the end of bloom. Mild temperatures and timely rain in spring supported nut growth and continued through early summer, lessening heat stress in orchards. Lower than normal pest and disease pressure have been reported. Harvest is expected to begin on time. The complete report is available at: https://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_State/California/Publications/Special ty_and_Other_Releases/Almond/Objective-Measurement/202507almondOM.pdf Statistical Methodology Wheat survey procedures: Objective yield and farm operator surveys were conducted between June 24 and July 7 to gather information on expected yield as of July 1. The objective yield survey was conducted in 10 States that accounted for about 71 percent of the 2024 winter wheat production. Farm operators were interviewed to update previously reported acreage data and seek permission to randomly locate two sample plots in selected winter wheat fields. The counts made within each sample plot depended upon the crop's maturity. Counts such as number of stalks, heads in late boot, and number of emerged heads were made to predict the number of heads that would be harvested. The counts are used with similar data from previous years to develop a projected biological yield. The average harvesting loss is subtracted to obtain a net yield. The plots are revisited each month until crop maturity when the heads are clipped, threshed, and weighed. After the farm operator has harvested the sample field, another plot is sampled to obtain current year harvesting loss. The farm operator survey was conducted primarily by telephone with some use of mail and internet. Approximately 4,700 producers were interviewed during the survey period and asked questions about the probable yield on their operation. These growers will continue to be surveyed throughout the growing season to provide indications of average yields. Orange survey procedures: In Florida, during August and September, the number of bearing trees and the number of fruit per tree is determined. In August and subsequent months, fruit size measurement and fruit droppage surveys are conducted, which combined with the previous components are used to develop the current forecast of production. California and Texas conduct grower surveys on a quarterly basis in October, January, April, and July. California also conducts objective measurement surveys in September for Navel oranges and in March for Valencia oranges. Wheat estimating procedures: National and State level objective yield and grower reported data were reviewed for reasonableness and consistency with historical estimates. The survey data were also reviewed considering weather patterns and crop progress compared to previous months and previous years. Each Regional Field Office submits their analysis of the current situation to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the survey data and the State analyses to prepare the published July 1 forecasts. Orange estimating procedures: State level objective measurement estimates for Florida oranges were reviewed for errors, reasonableness, and consistency with historical estimates. Reports from growers in California and Texas were also used for setting estimates. These three States submit their analyses of the current situation to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the survey data and the State analyses to prepare the published July 1 forecast. Revision policy: The July 1 production forecast will not be revised; instead, a new forecast will be made each month throughout the growing season. End-of-season wheat estimates are made after harvest. At the end of the wheat marketing season, a balance sheet is calculated using carryover stocks, production, exports, millings, feeding, and ending stocks. Revisions are then made if the balance sheet relationships or other administrative data warrant changes. End-of-season orange estimates will be published in the Citrus Fruits Summary released in August. The orange production estimates are based on all data available at the end of the marketing season, including information from marketing orders, shipments, and processor records. Allowances are made for recorded local utilization and home use. Reliability: To assist users in evaluating the reliability of the July 1 production forecast, the "Root Mean Square Error," a statistical measure based on past performance, is computed. The deviation between the July 1 production forecast and the final estimate is expressed as a percentage of the final estimate. The average of the squared percentage deviations for the latest 20-year period is computed. The square root of the average becomes statistically the "Root Mean Square Error." Probability statements can be made concerning expected differences in the current forecast relative to the final end-of-season estimate, assuming that factors affecting this year's forecast are not different from those influencing recent years. The "Root Mean Square Error" for the July 1 winter wheat production forecast is 3.5 percent. This means that chances are 2 out of 3 that the current winter wheat production will not be above or below the final estimate by more than 3.5 percent. Chances are 9 out of 10 (90 percent confidence level) that the difference will not exceed 6.1 percent. Also shown in the following table is a 20-year record for selected crops of the differences between the July 1 forecast and the final estimate. Using winter wheat as an example, changes between the July 1 forecast and the final estimate during the last 20 years have averaged 34 million bushels, ranging from less than 1 million to 98 million bushels. The July 1 forecast has been below the final estimate 8 times and above 12 times. This does not imply that the July 1 winter wheat forecast this year is likely to understate or overstate final production. Reliability of July 1 Crop Production Forecasts [Based on data for the past twenty years] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : : : Difference between forecast : : : and final estimate : : :---------------------------------------- : :90 percent : Production : Years Crop : Root mean :confidence :---------------------------------------- :square error: interval : : : : Below : Above : : :Average:Smallest:Largest: final : final ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : ---- percent --- ----- millions ----- number : Barley ................bushels: 6.5 11.2 10 (Z) 31 10 10 Oranges 1/ ...............tons: 3.2 5.5 117 9 385 11 9 Oats ..................bushels: 11.3 19.6 7 (Z) 17 5 15 Wheat : Winter wheat ........bushels: 3.5 6.1 34 (Z) 98 8 12 Durum wheat .........bushels: 14.1 24.3 8 (Z) 24 9 11 Other spring .......bushels: 8.2 14.2 32 2 98 9 11 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (Z) Less than half of the unit shown. 1/ Quantity is in thousands of units. USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service Information Contacts Listed below are the commodity statisticians in the Crops Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to nass@usda.gov Anthony Prillaman, Acting Chief, Crops Branch............................................. (202) 720-2127 Chris Hawthorn, Head, Field Crops Section................................................. (202) 720-2127 Joshua Bates - Asparagus, Hemp, Maple Syrup, Soybeans................................ (202) 690-3234 Natasha Bruton - Cotton System Consumption and Stocks, Grain Crushings, Fats and Oils, Flour Milling Products, Broccoli, Cauliflower, Plums, Prunes..... (202) 690-1042 Noemi Guindin - Crop Progress and Condition, Kiwifruit............................... (202) 720-2127 Michelle Harder - Hay, Kale, Peanuts, Raspberries.................................... (202) 690-8533 Deonne Holiday - Almonds, Carrots, Coffee, Cranberries, Garlic, Onions Proso Millet, Rye, Tobacco...................................................... (202) 720-4288 Bret Holliman - Apricots, Barley, Chickpeas, Nectarines, Peaches, Snap Beans, Tomatoes............................................................ (202) 720-7235 James Johanson - Dry Edible Beans, Lettuce, Macadamias, Wheat........................ (202) 720-8068 Greg Lemmons - Beets, Corn, Flaxseed, Pears, Rice, Sweet Corn........................ (202) 720-9526 Krishna Rizal - Artichokes, Celery, Grapefruit, Lemons, Mandarins and tangerines, Mint, Mushrooms, Olives, Oranges, Pistachios.................................... (202) 720-5412 Chris Singh - Apples, Cucumbers, Hazelnuts, Potatoes, Pumpkins, Squash, Sugarbeets, Sugarcane, Sweet Potatoes................................... (202) 720-4285 Becky Sommer - Cabbage, Cotton, Cotton Ginnings, Sorghum, Walnuts, Strawberries...... (202) 720-5944 Travis Thorson - Blueberries, Canola, Mustard Seed, Rapeseed, Safflower, Spinach, Sunflower.............................................................. (202) 720-7369 Antonio Torres - Cantaloupes, Dry Edible Peas, Grapes, Green Peas, Honeydews, Lentils, Oats, Sweet Cherries, Tart Cherries, Watermelons............ (202) 720-2157 Chris Wallace - Avocados, Bell Peppers, Chile Peppers, Dates, Floriculture, Hops, Papayas, Pecans........................................................... (202) 720-4215 Access to NASS Reports For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways: All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: www.nass.usda.gov. The national specific reports are available via a free e-mail subscription. To set-up this free subscription, visit www.nass.usda.gov and click on "National" in upper right corner above "search" box to create an account and select the reports you would like to receive. 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