Crop Production ISSN: 1936-3737 Released June 12, 2025, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Winter Wheat Production Up Slightly from May Forecast Orange Production Up 1 Percent Winter wheat production is forecast at 1.38 billion bushels, up slightly from the May 1 forecast and up 2 percent from 2024. As of June 1, the United States yield is forecast at 53.7 bushels per acre, unchanged from last month but up 2.0 bushels from last year's average yield of 51.7 bushels per acre. Hard Red Winter production, at 782 million bushels, is down less than 1 percent from last month. Soft Red Winter, at 345 million bushels, is up less than 1 percent from the May forecast. White Winter, at 254 million bushels, is up 1 percent from last month. Of the White Winter production, 20.7 million bushels are Hard White and 233 million bushels are Soft White. The United States all orange forecast for the 2024-2025 season is 2.48 million tons, up 1 percent from the previous forecast but down 8 percent from the 2023-2024 utilization. The Florida all orange forecast, at 12.0 million boxes (540,000 tons), is up 3 percent from the previous forecast but down 34 percent from last season's utilization. In Florida, early, midseason, and Navel varieties are forecast at 4.60 million boxes (207,000 tons), up less than 1 percent from the previous forecast but down 32 percent from last season's final utilization. The Florida Valencia orange forecast, at 7.40 million boxes (333,000 tons), is up 5 percent from the previous forecast but down 35 percent from last season's utilization. This report was approved on June 12, 2025. Secretary of Agriculture Brooke Rollins Agricultural Statistics Board Chairperson Lance Honig Contents Winter Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted June 1, 2025............................................................................................. 5 Durum Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted June 1, 2025............................................................................................. 6 Wheat Production by Class - United States: 2024 and Forecasted June 1, 2025.............................. 6 Hops Area Harvested by Variety - States and United States: 2024 and 2025................................. 7 Hops Organic Area Harvested - United States: 2024 and 2025............................................... 8 Utilized Production of Citrus Fruits by Crop - States and United States: 2023-2024 and Forecasted June 1, 2025............................................................................................. 9 Tart Cherry Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted June 1, 2025...................... 10 Sweet Cherry Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted June 1, 2025..................... 10 Maple Syrup Acreage, Taps, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023-2025................... 11 Maple Syrup Price and Value - States and United States: 2023-2025........................................ 11 Maple Syrup Sales by Type - States and United States: 2023 and 2024...................................... 12 Maple Syrup Retail and Wholesale Price - States and United States: 2023 and 2024......................... 12 Maple Syrup Bulk Price - States and United States: 2023 and 2024......................................... 13 Maple Syrup Grade - States and United States: 2023 and 2024.............................................. 13 Maple Sap Sales and Price - States and United States: 2023 and 2024...................................... 14 Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2024 and 2025.. 15 Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2024 and 2025.... 17 Fruits and Nuts Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2024 and 2025.............................. 19 Fruits and Nuts Production in Metric Units - United States: 2024 and 2025................................ 20 Winter Wheat Objective Yield Percent of Samples Processed in the Lab - United States: 2021-2025.......... 21 Percent of Normal Precipitation Map...................................................................... 22 Departure from Normal Temperature Map.................................................................... 22 May Weather Summary...................................................................................... 23 May Agricultural Summary................................................................................. 23 Crop Comments............................................................................................ 26 Statistical Methodology.................................................................................. 28 Reliability of June 1 Crop Production Forecasts.......................................................... 29 Information Contacts..................................................................................... 30 Winter Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted June 1, 2025 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production :------------------------------------------------------------------------ State : : : : 2025 : : : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 :-------------------: 2024 : 2025 : : : : May 1 : June 1 : : ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres ------- bushels ------- --- 1,000 bushels --- : Arkansas .......: 85 80 56.0 58.0 61.0 4,760 4,880 California .....: 75 80 78.0 90.0 87.0 5,850 6,960 Colorado .......: 1,840 1,880 35.0 38.0 37.0 64,400 69,560 Idaho ..........: 700 720 89.0 97.0 97.0 62,300 69,840 Illinois .......: 700 680 86.0 85.0 86.0 60,200 58,480 Indiana ........: 240 250 89.0 86.0 86.0 21,360 21,500 Kansas .........: 7,150 6,900 43.0 50.0 51.0 307,450 351,900 Kentucky .......: 390 355 75.0 83.0 84.0 29,250 29,820 Maryland .......: 180 180 75.0 80.0 82.0 13,500 14,760 Michigan .......: 375 490 87.0 87.0 88.0 32,625 43,120 : Missouri .......: 480 450 75.0 71.0 71.0 36,000 31,950 Montana ........: 1,830 2,150 50.0 45.0 44.0 91,500 94,600 Nebraska .......: 920 850 52.0 38.0 37.0 47,840 31,450 North Carolina .: 330 280 57.0 67.0 65.0 18,810 18,200 Ohio ...........: 465 500 85.0 84.0 83.0 39,525 41,500 Oklahoma .......: 2,850 2,750 38.0 39.0 39.0 108,300 107,250 Oregon .........: 725 735 70.0 71.0 75.0 50,750 55,125 Pennsylvania ...: 195 195 75.0 73.0 75.0 14,625 14,625 South Dakota ...: 760 700 63.0 49.0 47.0 47,880 32,900 Tennessee ......: 320 275 75.0 75.0 75.0 24,000 20,625 : Texas ..........: 2,600 2,300 31.0 31.0 30.0 80,600 69,000 Virginia .......: 85 80 66.0 72.0 67.0 5,610 5,360 Washington .....: 1,750 1,800 70.0 71.0 70.0 122,500 126,000 Wisconsin ......: 220 250 82.0 77.0 76.0 18,040 19,000 : Other States 1/ : 838 788 49.2 54.9 54.9 41,255 43,230 : United States ..: 26,103 25,718 51.7 53.7 53.7 1,348,930 1,381,635 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Other States include Alabama, Delaware, Georgia, Mississippi, New Mexico, New York, North Dakota, South Carolina, Utah, and Wyoming. Individual State level estimates will be published in the "Small Grains 2025 Summary." Durum Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted June 1, 2025 [Area harvested for the United States and remaining States will be published in the "Acreage" report released June 2025. Yield and production will be published in the "Crop Production" report released July 2025. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : 2025 : : : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 :-------------------: 2024 : 2025 : : : : May 1 : June 1 : : ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres --------- bushels -------- 1,000 bushels : Arizona ........: 58 44 109.0 113.0 113.0 6,322 4,972 California .....: 23 18 108.0 100.0 105.0 2,484 1,890 Montana ........: 860 23.0 19,780 North Dakota ...: 1,095 47.0 51,465 : United States ..: 2,036 39.3 80,051 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Wheat Production by Class - United States: 2024 and Forecasted June 1, 2025 [Wheat class estimates are based on the latest available data including both surveys and administrative data. The previous end-of-year season class percentages are used throughout the forecast season for States that do not have survey or administrative data available. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Crop : 2024 : 2025 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 bushels : Winter : Hard red ..........: 770,439 782,306 Soft red ..........: 342,439 345,326 Hard white ........: 19,559 20,706 Soft white ........: 216,493 233,297 : Spring : Hard red ..........: 502,867 Hard white ........: 9,502 Soft white ........: 29,951 Durum .............: 80,051 : Total .......... : 1,971,301 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Hops Area Harvested by Variety - States and United States: 2024 and 2025 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State and variety : Area harvested : Strung for harvest ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : acres : Idaho : Amarillo R, VGXP01 ...... : 514 501 Apollo TM ............... : 210 (D) Cascade ...........................: 324 349 Chinook ...........................: 192 140 Citra R, HBC 394 ........ : 609 729 Columbus/Tomahawk R/Zeus (CTZ) : 811 772 Elani R, YQH-1320 ....... : 8 8 Eureka! TM .............. : 374 340 Hallertauer Mittelfruher ..........: 160 30 Helios TM, HS15619 ...... : 511 (D) : Idaho 7 R ............... : 243 260 Mosaic R, HBC 369 ....... : 495 568 Saaz ..............................: 372 84 Simcoe R, YCR 14 ........ : 97 98 Willamette ........................: 158 158 Experimental ......................: 31 (D) : Other varieties 1/ ................: 688 1,072 : Total .............................: 5,797 5,109 : Oregon : Amarillo R, VGXP01 ...... : 227 213 Cascade ...........................: 487 484 Centennial ........................: 422 438 Chinook ...........................: 62 97 Citra R, HBC 394 ........ : 1,260 1,475 Crystal ...........................: 228 161 Liberty ...........................: 25 (D) Mosaic R, HBC 369 ....... : 653 699 Mt. Hood ..........................: 142 132 Nugget ............................: 252 152 : Simcoe R, YCR 14 ........ : 447 503 Sterling ..........................: 45 44 Strata R, OR91331 ....... : 574 338 Willamette ........................: 266 225 Experimental ......................: (D) 22 : Other varieties 1/ ................: 545 438 : Total .............................: 5,635 5,421 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Hops Area Harvested by Variety - States and United States: 2024 and 2025 (continued) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State and variety : Area harvested : Strung for harvest ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : acres : Washington : Amarillo R, VGXP01 ...... : 1,274 1,375 Apollo TM ............... : 870 537 Azacca R, ADHA-483 ...... : 367 393 Bravo TM ................ : 143 114 Cascade ...........................: 2,271 1,810 Cashmere ..........................: 140 181 Centennial ........................: 2,026 2,076 Chinook ...........................: 1,006 954 Citra R, HBC 394 ........ : 4,906 5,284 Cluster ...........................: 270 245 : Columbus/Tomahawk R/Zeus (CTZ) : 4,627 4,203 Comet .............................: 159 194 Crystal ...........................: (D) 59 Ekuanot R, HBC 366 ...... : 433 290 El Dorado R ............. : 565 431 Elani R, YQH-1320 ....... : 58 73 Eureka! TM .............. : 479 404 HBC 682 ...........................: 2,429 2,022 Helios TM, HS15619 ...... : 1,379 (D) Idaho 7 R ............... : 150 149 : Krush TM , HBC 586 ...... : (NA) 334 Loral R, HBC 291 ........ : 106 (D) Mosaic R, HBC 369 ....... : 2,459 2,261 Mt. Hood ..........................: (D) 55 Palisade R, YCR 4 ....... : 315 112 Pekko R, ADHA-871 ....... : (D) 834 Sabro R, HBC 438 ........ : 204 169 Simcoe R, YCR 14 ........ : 2,873 2,977 Super Galena TM ......... : 355 233 Tahoma ............................: 121 - : Talus R, HBC 692 ........ : 95 492 Warrior R, YCR 5 ........ : 147 (D) Willamette ........................: 173 186 Experimental ......................: 411 443 : Other varieties 1/ ................: 2,550 2,811 : Total .............................: 33,361 31,701 : United States .................. : 44,793 42,231 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. (D)Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NANot available. R Registered TM Trademark 1/ Includes data withheld to avoid disclosure of individual operations and varieties not listed. Hops Organic Area Harvested - United States: 2024 and 2025 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Strung for harvest ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : acres : United States .....................: 482 400 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Utilized Production of Citrus Fruits by Crop - States and United States: 2023-2024 and Forecasted June 1, 2025 [The crop year begins with the bloom of the first year shown and ends with the completion of harvest the following year] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Utilized production boxes 1/ :Utilized production ton equivalent Crop and State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023-2024 : 2024-2025 : 2023-2024 : 2024-2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ 1,000 boxes ----- ------ 1,000 tons ----- Oranges : California, all 2/ .........: 45,400 47,500 1,816 1,900 Early, mid, and Navel 3/ ..: 38,300 40,000 1,532 1,600 Valencia ..................: 7,100 7,500 284 300 : Florida, all ...............: 18,060 12,000 813 540 Early, mid, and Navel 3/ ..: 6,760 4,600 304 207 Valencia ..................: 11,300 7,400 509 333 : Texas, all 2/ ..............: 1,180 880 50 38 Early, mid, and Navel 3/ ..: 690 530 29 23 Valencia ..................: 490 350 21 15 : United States, all .........: 64,640 60,380 2,679 2,478 Early, mid, and Navel 3/ ..: 45,750 45,130 1,865 1,830 Valencia ..................: 18,890 15,250 814 648 : Grapefruit : California 2/ ..............: 3,900 4,300 156 172 Florida, all ...............: 1,790 1,300 76 55 Texas 2/ ...................: 2,400 2,300 96 92 : United States ..............: 8,090 7,900 328 319 : Tangerines and mandarins 4/ : California 2/ ..............: 27,200 26,000 1,088 1,040 Florida ....................: 450 400 21 19 : United States ..............: 27,650 26,400 1,109 1,059 : Lemons 2/ : Arizona ....................: 950 950 38 38 California .................: 24,500 27,000 980 1,080 Florida 5/ .................: (NA) 600 (NA) 27 : United States ..............: 25,450 28,550 1,018 1,145 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Net pounds per box: oranges in California-80, Florida-90, Texas-85; grapefruit in California-80, Florida-85, Texas-80; tangerines and mandarins in California-80, Florida-95; lemons in Arizona-80, California-80, Florida-90. 2/ Estimates for current year carried forward from an earlier forecast. 3/ Navel and miscellaneous varieties in California. Early (including Navel) and midseason varieties in Florida and Texas. 4/ Includes tangelos and tangors. 5/ Estimates began with the 2024-2025 crop year. Tart Cherry Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted June 1, 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Total production State :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : million pounds : Michigan ................: 171.0 101.5 Utah ....................: 43.8 37.0 : United States ...........: 214.8 138.5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Sweet Cherry Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted June 1, 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Total production State :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : tons : California ..............: 98,800 61,000 Michigan ................: 20,300 14,000 Oregon ..................: 46,100 48,000 Washington ..............: 202,000 260,000 : United States ...........: 367,200 383,000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Maple Syrup Acreage, Taps, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023-2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Acreage : Number of taps : Yield per tap : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 :2024 1/: 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : -------- acres ------- ----- 1,000 taps ----- ------ gallons ------ --- 1,000 gallons --- : Connecticut 1/ ...: (NA) 2,800 2,300 (NA) 60 61 (NA) 0.186 0.148 (NA) 11 9 Indiana 1/ .......: (NA) 3,300 4,000 (NA) 95 90 (NA) 0.228 0.272 (NA) 22 24 Maine ............: (NA) 21,500 19,900 1,880 1,900 1,760 0.250 0.369 0.312 470 701 549 Massachusetts 1/ .: (NA) 4,600 4,500 (NA) 200 190 (NA) 0.244 0.248 (NA) 49 47 Michigan .........: (NA) 11,300 9,800 620 650 680 0.330 0.308 0.298 205 200 203 Minnesota 1/ .....: (NA) 3,700 3,200 (NA) 96 77 (NA) 0.271 0.308 (NA) 26 24 New Hampshire ....: (NA) 11,200 11,500 490 520 520 0.303 0.286 0.292 148 149 152 New York .........: (NA) 60,000 55,500 2,500 2,800 2,700 0.300 0.302 0.307 750 846 829 Ohio 1/ ..........: (NA) 12,300 10,200 (NA) 400 420 (NA) 0.240 0.245 (NA) 96 103 Pennsylvania .....: (NA) 13,700 13,400 780 790 780 0.263 0.231 0.251 205 182 196 : Vermont ..........: (NA) 141,000 140,500 8,100 8,400 8,350 0.322 0.370 0.367 2,608 3,108 3,064 West Virginia 1/ .: (NA) 2,200 2,200 (NA) 70 68 (NA) 0.171 0.215 (NA) 12 15 Wisconsin ........: (NA) 31,100 30,400 1,120 1,140 1,200 0.408 0.402 0.463 457 458 556 : United States ....: (NA) 318,700 307,400 15,490 17,121 16,896 0.313 0.342 0.342 4,843 5,860 5,771 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. 1/ Estimates began in 2024. Maple Syrup Price and Value - States and United States: 2023-2025 [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Average price per gallon : Value of production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 1/ : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : --------- dollars -------- ------ 1,000 dollars ------ : Connecticut 2/ ...: (NA) 81.70 (NA) 899 Indiana 2/ .......: (NA) 41.00 (NA) 902 Maine ............: 31.30 39.50 14,711 27,690 Massachusetts 2/ .: (NA) 57.30 (NA) 2,808 Michigan .........: 41.70 40.30 8,549 8,060 Minnesota 2/ .....: (NA) 48.50 (NA) 1,261 New Hampshire ....: 50.20 53.50 7,430 7,972 New York .........: 35.40 34.20 26,550 28,933 Ohio 2/ ..........: (NA) 41.30 (NA) 3,965 Pennsylvania .....: 37.00 38.40 7,585 6,989 : Vermont ..........: 30.60 30.70 79,805 95,416 West Virginia 2/ .: (NA) 47.50 (NA) 570 Wisconsin ........: 31.80 32.60 14,533 14,931 : United States ....: 32.90 34.20 159,163 200,396 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. 1/ Price and value for 2025 will be published in "Crop Production" released June 2026. 2/ Estimates began in 2024. Maple Syrup Sales by Type - States and United States: 2023 and 2024 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Retail : Wholesale : Bulk : Value Added State :--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 gallons 1,000 gallons 1,000 gallons 1,000 gallons : Connecticut 1/ ...: (NA) 6 (NA) (D) (NA) (D) (NA) 1 Indiana 1/ .......: (NA) 9 (NA) (D) (NA) (D) (NA) 1 Maine ............: 29 46 68 43 356 602 17 10 Massachusetts 1/ .: (NA) 23 (NA) 15 (NA) 6 (NA) 5 Michigan .........: 59 50 64 59 79 87 3 4 Minnesota 1/ .....: (NA) 8 (NA) 7 (NA) 10 (NA) 1 New Hampshire ....: 33 26 80 92 27 27 8 4 New York .........: 149 124 105 115 466 575 30 32 Ohio 1/ ..........: (NA) 38 (NA) 25 (NA) 32 (NA) 1 Pennsylvania .....: 78 39 33 32 82 99 12 12 : Vermont ..........: 210 203 119 144 2,228 2,726 51 35 West Virginia 1/ .: (NA) 4 (NA) (D) (NA) (D) (NA) 1 Wisconsin ........: 51 46 41 35 353 371 12 6 : Other States 2/ ..: - - - 14 - 9 - - : United States ....: 609 622 510 581 3,591 4,544 133 113 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. 1/ Estimates began in 2024. 2/ Includes data withheld above. Maple Syrup Retail and Wholesale Price - States and United States: 2023 and 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Retail : Wholesale State :------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per gallon dollars per gallon : Connecticut 1/ ...: (NA) 91.20 (NA) (D) Indiana 1/ .......: (NA) 47.00 (NA) (D) Maine ............: 69.80 68.30 41.90 52.00 Massachusetts 1/ .: (NA) 67.80 (NA) 50.80 Michigan .........: 56.80 57.30 44.30 45.80 Minnesota 1/ .....: (NA) 71.60 (NA) 51.60 New Hampshire ....: 65.00 67.40 53.70 57.70 New York .........: 54.10 56.70 43.40 48.70 Ohio 1/ ..........: (NA) 50.50 (NA) 43.60 Pennsylvania .....: 47.10 60.40 42.00 45.80 : Vermont ..........: 57.20 58.30 40.80 42.30 West Virginia 1/ .: (NA) 62.10 (NA) (D) Wisconsin ........: 52.90 59.30 46.40 49.50 : Other States 2/ ..: (X) (X) (X) 48.00 : United States ....: 55.80 59.50 44.50 48.20 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Estimates began in 2024. 2/ Includes data withheld above. Maple Syrup Bulk Price - States and United States: 2023 and 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Bulk all grades : Bulk all grades State :------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per pound dollars per gallon : Connecticut 1/ ...: (NA) (D) (NA) (D) Indiana 1/ .......: (NA) (D) (NA) (D) Maine ............: 2.37 3.30 26.10 36.40 Massachusetts 1/ .: (NA) 3.04 (NA) 33.50 Michigan .........: 2.56 2.42 28.20 26.70 Minnesota 1/ .....: (NA) 2.52 (NA) 27.80 New Hampshire ....: 1.98 2.32 21.80 25.60 New York .........: 2.50 2.40 27.60 26.40 Ohio 1/ ..........: (NA) 2.60 (NA) 28.70 Pennsylvania .....: 2.30 2.48 25.30 27.30 : Vermont ..........: 2.50 2.54 27.60 28.00 West Virginia 1/ .: (NA) (D) (NA) (D) Wisconsin ........: 2.46 2.51 27.10 27.70 : Other States 2/ ..: (X) 3.10 (X) 34.40 : United States ....: 2.50 2.60 27.30 28.90 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Estimates began in 2024. 2/ Includes data withheld above. Maple Syrup Grade - States and United States: 2023 and 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Grade A : Processing Grade State :------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : --------- gallons -------- -------- gallons ------- : Connecticut 1/ ...: (NA) 9,400 (NA) 600 Indiana 1/ .......: (NA) 19,950 (NA) 1,050 Maine ............: 413,136 666,124 39,864 24,876 Massachusetts 1/ .: (NA) 41,052 (NA) 2,948 Michigan .........: 198,970 187,572 3,030 8,428 Minnesota 1/ .....: (NA) 24,750 (NA) 250 New Hampshire ....: 136,080 140,070 3,920 4,930 New York .........: 689,760 765,974 30,240 48,026 Ohio 1/ ..........: (NA) 86,450 (NA) 8,550 Pennsylvania .....: 176,016 163,370 16,984 6,630 : Vermont ..........: 2,500,746 2,986,956 56,254 86,044 West Virginia 1/ .: (NA) 10,912 (NA) 88 Wisconsin ........: 436,100 442,960 8,900 9,040 : United States ....: 4,550,808 5,545,540 159,192 201,460 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Estimates began in 2024. Maple Sap Sales and Price - States and United States: 2023 and 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Sap Sales : Sap Price State :------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : --------- gallons --------- dollars per gallon : Connecticut 1/ ...: (NA) - (NA) (X) Indiana 1/ .......: (NA) - (NA) (X) Maine ............: (D) (D) (D) (D) Massachusetts 1/ .: (NA) 42,500 (NA) 0.33 Michigan .........: 193,650 (D) 0.34 (D) Minnesota 1/ .....: (NA) (D) (NA) (D) New Hampshire ....: 260,000 322,000 0.28 0.24 New York .........: 1,419,000 475,000 0.23 0.17 Ohio 1/ ..........: (NA) 101,000 (NA) 0.36 Pennsylvania .....: (D) - (D) (X) : Vermont ..........: 8,447,000 10,363,000 0.31 0.29 West Virginia 1/ .: (NA) (D) (NA) (D) Wisconsin ........: 1,502,000 1,760,000 0.33 0.32 : Other States 2/ ..: 172,000 383,400 0.22 0.30 : United States ....: 11,993,650 13,446,900 0.30 0.30 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Estimates began in 2024. 2/ Includes data withheld above. Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2024 and 2025 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2025 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area planted : Area harvested Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres : Grains and hay : Barley .................................: 2,373 2,317 1,875 Corn for grain 1/ ......................: 90,594 95,326 82,896 Corn for silage ........................: (NA) 6,100 Hay, all ...............................: (NA) (NA) 49,390 48,493 Alfalfa ..............................: (NA) 14,612 All other ............................: (NA) 34,778 Oats ...................................: 2,213 2,177 886 Proso millet ...........................: 481 427 Rice ...................................: 2,910 2,895 2,867 Rye ....................................: 2,206 402 Sorghum for grain 1/ ...................: 6,300 6,565 5,605 Sorghum for silage .....................: (NA) 306 Wheat, all .............................: 46,079 45,350 38,469 Winter ...............................: 33,390 33,315 26,103 25,718 Durum ................................: 2,064 2,015 2,036 Other spring .........................: 10,625 10,020 10,330 : Oilseeds : Canola .................................: 2,751.5 2,566.0 2,710.0 Cottonseed .............................: (X) (X) Flaxseed ...............................: 148 185 140 Mustard seed ...........................: 185.0 176.9 Peanuts ................................: 1,801.0 1,950.0 1,758.0 Rapeseed ...............................: 17.5 15.7 Safflower ..............................: 116.6 108.0 Soybeans for beans .....................: 87,050 83,495 86,050 Sunflower ..............................: 720.8 1,072.5 686.1 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops : Cotton, all ............................: 11,183.0 9,867.0 7,805.2 Upland ...............................: 10,976.0 9,710.0 7,604.7 American Pima ........................: 207.0 157.0 200.5 Sugarbeets .............................: 1,104.3 1,132.0 1,085.5 Sugarcane ..............................: (NA) 920.0 Tobacco ................................: (NA) (NA) 167.5 166.6 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas ..............................: 502.0 561.0 492.4 Dry edible beans .......................: 1,533.0 1,470.0 1,503.6 Dry edible peas ........................: 976.0 895.0 939.9 Lentils ................................: 936.0 1,100.0 903.0 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops ...................................: (NA) (NA) 44.8 42.2 Maple syrup ............................: (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Mushrooms ..............................: (NA) (NA) Peppermint oil .........................: (NA) 23.2 Potatoes ...............................: 930.0 925.4 Spearmint oil ..........................: (NA) 10.3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2024 and 2025 (continued) [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2025 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Yield per acre : Production Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : --------- 1,000 -------- : Grains and hay : Barley ..........................bushels: 76.7 143,836 Corn for grain ..................bushels: 179.3 14,866,744 Corn for silage ....................tons: 20.2 123,093 Hay, all ...........................tons: 2.48 122,462 Alfalfa ..........................tons: 3.41 49,840 All other ........................tons: 2.09 72,622 Oats ............................bushels: 76.5 67,793 Proso millet ....................bushels: 32.9 14,061 Rice 2/ .............................cwt: 7,748 222,133 Rye .............................bushels: 36.6 14,729 Sorghum for grain ...............bushels: 61.3 343,850 Sorghum for silage .................tons: 13.3 4,062 Wheat, all ......................bushels: 51.2 1,971,301 Winter ........................bushels: 51.7 53.7 1,348,930 1,381,635 Durum .........................bushels: 39.3 80,051 Other spring ..................bushels: 52.5 542,320 : Oilseeds : Canola ...........................pounds: 1,784 4,834,030 Cottonseed .........................tons: (X) 4,262.0 Flaxseed ........................bushels: 17.3 2,420 Mustard seed .....................pounds: 577 102,015 Peanuts ..........................pounds: 3,668 6,448,020 Rapeseed .........................pounds: 2,019 31,705 Safflower ........................pounds: 1,200 129,585 Soybeans for beans ..............bushels: 50.7 4,366,492 Sunflower ........................pounds: 1,670 1,145,605 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops : Cotton, all 2/ ....................bales: 886 14,413.0 Upland 2/ .......................bales: 880 13,942.0 American Pima 2/ ................bales: 1,128 471.0 Sugarbeets .........................tons: 32.5 35,278 Sugarcane ..........................tons: 37.4 34,381 Tobacco ..........................pounds: 1,942 325,220 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas 2/ ........................cwt: 1,144 5,632 Dry edible beans 2/ .................cwt: 2,081 31,289 Dry edible peas 2/ ..................cwt: 1,775 16,679 Lentils 2/ ..........................cwt: 1,002 9,049 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops .............................pounds: 1,944 87,072.2 Maple syrup .....................gallons: (NA) (NA) 5,860 5,771 Mushrooms ........................pounds: (NA) 658,739 Peppermint oil ...................pounds: 103 2,391 Potatoes ............................cwt: 454 420,242 Spearmint oil ....................pounds: 132 1,357 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Area planted for all purposes. 2/ Yield in pounds. Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2024 and 2025 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2025 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : hectares : Grains and hay : Barley .........................: 960,330 937,670 758,790 Corn for grain 1/ ..............: 36,662,490 38,577,480 33,547,180 Corn for silage ................: (NA) 2,468,610 Hay, all 2/ ....................: (NA) (NA) 19,987,640 19,624,630 Alfalfa ......................: (NA) 5,913,330 All other ....................: (NA) 14,074,310 Oats ...........................: 895,580 881,010 358,560 Proso millet ...................: 194,660 172,800 Rice ...........................: 1,177,650 1,171,580 1,160,250 Rye ............................: 892,750 162,690 Sorghum for grain 1/ ...........: 2,549,550 2,656,790 2,268,290 Sorghum for silage .............: (NA) 123,840 Wheat, all 2/ ..................: 18,647,710 18,352,690 15,568,020 Winter .......................: 13,512,600 13,482,250 10,563,620 10,407,820 Durum ........................: 835,280 815,450 823,950 Other spring .................: 4,299,830 4,054,990 4,180,450 : Oilseeds : Canola .........................: 1,113,500 1,038,430 1,096,710 Cottonseed .....................: (X) (X) Flaxseed .......................: 59,890 74,870 56,660 Mustard seed ...................: 74,870 71,590 Peanuts ........................: 728,850 789,150 711,450 Rapeseed .......................: 7,080 6,350 Safflower ......................: 47,190 43,710 Soybeans for beans .............: 35,228,260 33,789,590 34,823,570 Sunflower ......................: 291,700 434,030 277,660 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops: Cotton, all 2/ .................: 4,525,650 3,993,080 3,158,690 Upland .......................: 4,441,880 3,929,540 3,077,550 American Pima ................: 83,770 63,540 81,140 Sugarbeets .....................: 446,900 458,110 439,290 Sugarcane ......................: (NA) 372,310 Tobacco ........................: (NA) (NA) 67,770 67,420 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas ......................: 203,150 227,030 199,270 Dry edible beans ...............: 620,390 594,890 608,490 Dry edible peas ................: 394,980 362,200 380,370 Lentils ........................: 378,790 445,160 365,440 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops ...........................: (NA) (NA) 18,130 17,090 Maple syrup ....................: (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Mushrooms ......................: (NA) (NA) Peppermint oil .................: (NA) 9,390 Potatoes .......................: 376,360 374,500 Spearmint oil ..................: (NA) 4,170 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2024 and 2025 (continued) [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2025 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Yield per hectare : Production Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : metric tons : Grains and hay : Barley .................................: 4.13 3,131,660 Corn for grain .........................: 11.26 377,632,690 Corn for silage ........................: 45.24 111,668,090 Hay, all 2/ ............................: 5.56 111,095,660 Alfalfa ..............................: 7.65 45,214,090 All other ............................: 4.68 65,881,570 Oats ...................................: 2.74 984,010 Proso millet ...........................: 1.85 318,900 Rice ...................................: 8.68 10,075,780 Rye ....................................: 2.30 374,130 Sorghum for grain ......................: 3.85 8,734,190 Sorghum for silage .....................: 29.76 3,684,980 Wheat, all 2/ ..........................: 3.45 53,650,020 Winter ...............................: 3.48 3.61 36,711,860 37,601,940 Durum ................................: 2.64 2,178,630 Other spring .........................: 3.53 14,759,530 : Oilseeds : Canola .................................: 2.00 2,192,680 Cottonseed .............................: (X) 3,866,420 Flaxseed ...............................: 1.08 61,470 Mustard seed ...........................: 0.65 46,270 Peanuts ................................: 4.11 2,924,770 Rapeseed ...............................: 2.26 14,380 Safflower ..............................: 1.34 58,780 Soybeans for beans .....................: 3.41 118,836,440 Sunflower ..............................: 1.87 519,640 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops : Cotton, all 2/ .........................: 0.99 3,138,060 Upland ...............................: 0.99 3,035,510 American Pima ........................: 1.26 102,550 Sugarbeets .............................: 72.85 32,003,660 Sugarcane ..............................: 83.77 31,189,920 Tobacco ................................: 2.18 147,520 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas ..............................: 1.28 255,460 Dry edible beans .......................: 2.33 1,419,250 Dry edible peas ........................: 1.99 756,550 Lentils ................................: 1.12 410,460 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops ...................................: 2.18 39,500 Maple syrup ............................: (NA) (NA) 29,300 28,860 Mushrooms ..............................: (NA) 298,800 Peppermint oil .........................: 0.12 1,080 Potatoes ...............................: 50.90 19,061,860 Spearmint oil ..........................: 0.15 620 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Area planted for all purposes. 2/ Total may not add due to rounding. Fruits and Nuts Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2024 and 2025 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2025 crop year, except citrus which is for the 2024-2025 season. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Production Crop :----------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Citrus 1/ : Grapefruit ......................1,000 tons: 328 319 Lemons ..........................1,000 tons: 1,018 1,145 Oranges .........................1,000 tons: 2,679 2,478 Tangerines and mandarins ........1,000 tons: 1,109 1,059 : Noncitrus : Apples, commercial ..........million pounds: 10,853.0 Apricots ..............................tons: 34,300 Avocados ..............................tons: 197,070 Blueberries, Cultivated .......1,000 pounds: 795,300 Blueberries, Wild (Maine) .....1,000 pounds: 90,900 Cherries, Sweet .......................tons: 367,200 383,000 Cherries, Tart ..............million pounds: 214.8 138.5 Coffee (Hawaii) ...............1,000 pounds: 25,270 Cranberries .........................barrel: 8,946,000 : Dates .................................tons: 62,450 Grapes ................................tons: 5,403,800 Kiwifruit (California) ................tons: 35,400 Nectarines (California) ...............tons: 128,500 Olives (California) ...................tons: 162,500 Papayas (Hawaii) ..............1,000 pounds: 11,000 Peaches ...............................tons: 709,200 Pears .................................tons: 510,500 Plums (California) ....................tons: 91,300 Prunes (California) ...................tons: 234,300 Raspberries ...................1,000 pounds: 180,960 Strawberries .....................1,000 cwt: 32,320.0 : Nuts and miscellaneous : Almonds, shelled (California) .1,000 pounds: 2,730,000 2,800,000 Hazelnuts, in-shell (Oregon) ..........tons: 96,800 Macadamias (Hawaii) ...........1,000 pounds: 35,900 Pecans, in-shell ..............1,000 pounds: 264,980 Pistachios (California) .......1,000 pounds: 1,100,000 Walnuts, in-shell (California) ........tons: 603,000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Production years are 2023-2024 and 2024-2025. Fruits and Nuts Production in Metric Units - United States: 2024 and 2025 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2025 crop year, except citrus which is for the 2024-2025 season. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Production Crop :----------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : metric tons : Citrus 1/ : Grapefruit ................................: 297,560 289,390 Lemons ....................................: 923,510 1,038,730 Oranges ...................................: 2,430,350 2,248,000 Tangerines and mandarins ..................: 1,006,070 960,710 : Noncitrus : Apples, commercial ........................: 4,922,840 Apricots ..................................: 31,120 Avocados ..................................: 178,780 Blueberries, Cultivated ...................: 360,740 Blueberries, Wild (Maine) .................: 41,230 Cherries, Sweet ...........................: 333,120 347,450 Cherries, Tart ............................: 97,430 62,820 Coffee (Hawaii) ...........................: 11,460 Cranberries ...............................: 405,780 : Dates .....................................: 56,650 Grapes ....................................: 4,902,240 Kiwifruit (California) ....................: 32,110 Nectarines (California) ...................: 116,570 Olives (California) .......................: 147,420 Papayas (Hawaii) ..........................: 4,990 Peaches ...................................: 643,380 Pears .....................................: 463,120 Plums (California) ........................: 82,830 Prunes (California) .......................: 212,550 Raspberries ...............................: 82,080 Strawberries ..............................: 1,466,010 : Nuts and miscellaneous : Almonds, shelled (California) .............: 1,238,310 1,270,060 Hazelnuts, in-shell (Oregon) ..............: 87,820 Macadamias (Hawaii) .......................: 16,280 Pecans, in-shell ..........................: 120,190 Pistachios (California) ...................: 498,950 Walnuts, in-shell (California) ............: 547,030 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Production years are 2023-2024 and 2024-2025. Winter Wheat for Grain Objective Yield Data The National Agricultural Statistics Service is conducting objective yield surveys in 10 winter wheat-producing States during 2025. Randomly selected plots in winter wheat for grain fields are visited monthly from May through harvest to obtain specific counts and measurements. Data in this table are based on counts from this survey. Winter Wheat Objective Yield Percent of Samples Processed in the Lab - United States: 2021-2025 [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : June : July : August Year :----------------------------------------------------------- : Mature 1/ : Mature 1/ : Mature 1/ --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : 2021 ..........: 7 64 97 2022 ..........: 14 64 91 2023 ..........: 9 52 94 2024 ..........: 21 70 93 2025 ..........: 8 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Includes winter wheat in the hard dough stage or beyond and are considered mature or almost mature. May Weather Summary Following a late-April deluge across the Southern Plains, flooding lingered into early May. Wetness expanded to other areas as May progressed, helping to ease or eradicate drought across parts of the Plains and East, but leading to significant fieldwork delays in wetter areas of the South. According to preliminary reports from the National Weather Service, more than 330 tornadoes were documented during May, with many of them occurring across the Plains, South, and Midwest. The active weather peaked with a rash of severe thunderstorms on May 16, when more than two dozen tornado-related fatalities were reported across Kentucky (19 deaths), Missouri (six deaths), and Indiana (one death). Particularly hard hit was the Laurel County community of London, Kentucky, where 17 people perished. By early June, drought covered nearly 30 percent of the Lower 48 States, with a core drought area extending from southern California and the southern Great Basin into parts of western and southern Texas. A secondary drought area encompassed portions of the Northern Plains and environs, leaving 56 percent of the rangeland and pastures rated in very poor to poor condition by June 1 in Nebraska, along with 53 percent in Montana. According to the U.S. Drought Monitor, drought coverage across the Lower 48 States decreased from 36.99 to 29.58 percent during the 5-week period ending June 3. General wetness across the Plains and East was partially offset by modest increases in drought coverage in a few areas, including parts of the Midwest and Northwest. Prior to June 3, 2025, U.S. drought coverage had last been below 30 percent exactly 9 months earlier, on September 3, 2024. Still, extreme to exceptional drought (D3 to D4) was observed in parts of ten states on June 3, led by Arizona (55 percent), New Mexico (46 percent), Texas (19 percent), and Nevada (18 percent). Outside the Southwestern drought area, extreme drought (D3) coverage by early June was confined to 2 to 4 percent of Florida, Hawaii, and Nebraska. By June 1, the U.S. Department of Agriculture reported that national topsoil moisture in agricultural regions was rated 24 percent very short to short, although higher values were noted in seven states comprising the Rockies and Plains; four states west of the Rockies; two Midwestern States (Illinois and Iowa) bordering the Mississippi River; and Florida. Across the Plains and Rockies, values on that date included 63 percent very short to short in New Mexico and 61 percent in Montana. In Oregon, topsoil moisture rated very short to short spiked to 52 percent by early June, up from 15 percent on April 27. Conversely, statewide topsoil moisture was rated at least 40 percent surplus on June 3 in Alabama, Arkansas, and Mississippi, along with several Northeastern States. Southern and Northeastern wetness slowed fieldwork, in contrast to national trends. By June 1, for example, planting progress was at or ahead of the 5-year average pace for a variety of crops, including corn (93 percent planted, equal to the average) and soybeans (84 percent planted, versus the average of 80 percent). However, only 66 percent of the intended U.S. cotton acreage had been planted on that date, behind the 5-year average of 69 percent. Cotton planting progress by June 1 was especially slow in Mississippi (54 planted, versus the average of 87 percent) and Alabama (67 percent planted, versus the average of 88 percent). Although Midwestern fieldwork slowed during a mid-to late-month period of cooler, wetter weather, producers overall had made excellent progress earlier in the season and managed to stay at or ahead of the typical planting pace. In fact, soybean planting was at least 95 percent complete by June 1 in Iowa, Minnesota, and Nebraska, along with Louisiana, while corn planting was at least 89 percent complete on that date in all Midwestern States, except Indiana and Ohio. Monthly temperature departures were a bit misleading, as "upside-down" anomalies-unusual warmth in the North and cool conditions in the South- dominated the first half of May. Thereafter, sharply cooler conditions arrived in the North and eventually encompassed all areas east of the Rockies, excluding the Deep South. At the same time, late-month warmth expanded across the West. Averaged across the entire month, substantially above-average temperatures stretched from California to the northern Plains and far Upper Midwest, while cooler-than-normal conditions spanned an area from southern sections of the Rockies and Plains into the Ohio Valley and lower Great Lakes region. Anomalous warmth also extended from southern Texas to the southern Atlantic Coast. May Agricultural Summary May brought a mix of weather conditions for agriculture in the United States. A large part of the Atlantic Coast States recorded above-normal precipitation, limiting the number of days suitable for fieldwork. The Delta region experienced excessive rainfall, restricting fieldwork and delaying planting activities in some areas. Fieldwork delays due to rain were also reported in parts of the Ohio Valley. Rainfall contributed to drought relief in parts of the Great Plains during the second half of the month. In contrast, dry conditions prevailed in the Pacific Northwest and Southwest. Florida and parts of Texas experienced unusually high temperatures during May. By May 4, producers had planted 40 percent of the Nation's corn crop, 5 percentage points ahead of last year and 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. Eleven percent of the Nation's corn crop had emerged by May 4, equal to last year but 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By May 18, producers had planted 78 percent of the Nation's corn crop, 11 percentage points ahead of last year and 5 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Fifty percent of the Nation's corn crop had emerged by May 18, twelve percentage points ahead of last year and 10 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By June 1, producers had planted 93 percent of the Nation's corn crop, 3 percentage points ahead of last year but equal to the 5-year average. Seventy-eight percent of the Nation's corn crop had emerged by June 1, six percentage points ahead of last year and 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. On June 1, sixty-nine percent of the Nation's corn acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, 6 percentage points below the same time last year. Thirty percent of the Nation's soybean acreage was planted by May 4, six percentage points ahead of last year and 7 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Seven percent of the Nation's soybean crop had emerged by May 4, one percentage point behind last year but 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By May 18, sixty-six percent of the Nation's soybean acreage was planted, 16 percentage points ahead of last year and 13 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Thirty-four percent of the Nation's soybean crop had emerged by May 18, nine percentage points ahead of last year and 11 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By June 1, eighty-four percent of the Nation's soybean acreage was planted, 7 percentage points ahead of last year and 4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Nationally, 63 percent of the soybean crop had emerged by June 1, ten percentage points ahead of last year and 6 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. On June 1, sixty-seven percent of the Nation's soybean crop was rated in good to excellent condition. By May 4, thirty-nine percent of the Nation's winter wheat crop was headed, 2 percentage point behind last year but 6 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By May 18, sixty-four percent of the Nation's winter wheat crop was headed, 3 percentage points behind last year but 6 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By June 1, eighty-three percent of the Nation's winter wheat crop was headed, 1 percentage point ahead of last year and 4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Three percent of the 2025 winter wheat acreage had been harvested by June 1, two percentage points behind last year but equal to the 5-year average. On June 1, fifty-two percent of the 2025 winter wheat crop was reported in good to excellent condition, 3 percentage points above the same time last year. Nationwide, 21 percent of the cotton crop was planted by May 4, two percentage points behind the previous year but 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. By May 18, forty percent of the Nation's cotton crop was planted, 2 percentage points behind last year and 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By June 1, sixty-six percent of the Nation's cotton crop was planted, 2 percentage points behind last year and 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Eight percent of the Nation's cotton acreage had reached the squaring stage by June 1, equal to last year but 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. On June 1, forty-nine percent of the 2025 cotton acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, 12 percentage points below the same time last year. Twenty-three percent of the Nation's sorghum acreage was planted by May 4, one percentage point ahead of both last year and the 5-year average. Thirty-three percent of the sorghum acreage was planted by May 18, two percentage points ahead of both last year and the 5-year average. By June 1, forty-six percent of the Nation's sorghum acreage was planted, 4 percentage points behind last year and 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By May 4, producers had seeded 73 percent of the 2025 rice acreage, 4 percentage points behind the previous year but 9 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Fifty-four percent of the Nation's rice crop had emerged by May 4, four percentage points behind last year but 12 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By May 18, eighty-seven percent of the rice acreage was planted, 4 percentage points behind last year but equal to the 5-year average. Seventy-three percent of the Nation's rice crop had emerged by May 18, two percentage points behind last year but 7 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By June 1, ninety-seven percent of the 2025 rice acreage was planted, 2 percentage points behind last year but equal to the 5-year average. Eighty-eight percent of the Nation's rice crop had emerged by June 1, one percentage point ahead of last year and 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. On June 1, seventy-five percent of the Nation's rice acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, 6 percentage points below the same time last year. Nationally, oat producers had seeded 71 percent of this year's acreage by May 4, two percentage points ahead of last year and 7 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Forty-eight percent of the Nation's oat crop had emerged by May 4, the same as the previous year but 5 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By May 18, ninety-one percent of the Nation's oat acreage had been sown, 5 percentage points ahead of last year and 8 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Seventy-one percent of the Nation's oat crop had emerged by May 18, three percentage points ahead of last year and 6 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By June 1, ninety-seven percent of this year's oat crop had been sown, 1 percentage point ahead of last year and 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Eighty-six percent of the 2025 oat crop had emerged by June 1, equal to last year but 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Thirty-three percent of the Nation's oat crop had headed by June 1, one percentage point ahead of last year and 4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. On June 1, fifty percent of the oat crop was rated in good to excellent condition, 18 percentage points below the same time last year. Fifty percent of the Nation's barley acreage was planted by May 4, five percentage points ahead of last year and 6 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By May 4, eighteen percent of the Nation's barley crop had emerged, 5 percentage points ahead of the previous year and 4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By May 18, seventy-five percent of the Nation's barley crop was planted, 1 percentage point behind last year but 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Forty-five percent of the Nation's barley crop had emerged by May 18, equal to the previous year but 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By June 1, barley producers had planted 90 percent of the crop, 3 percentage points behind last year and 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Seventy-one percent of the Nation's barley crop had emerged by June 1, one percentage point behind both last year and the 5-year average. On June 1, forty-three percent of the Nation's barley acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, 31 percentage points below the same time last year. By May 4, forty-four percent of the spring wheat crop was seeded, 1 percentage point behind last year but 10 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Thirteen percent of the Nation's spring wheat crop had emerged by May 4, two percentage points ahead of the previous year and 4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By May 18, eighty-two percent of the Nation's spring wheat crop was seeded, 6 percentage points ahead of last year and 17 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Forty-five percent of the Nation's spring wheat crop had emerged by May 18, five percentage points ahead of the previous year and 11 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By June 1, ninety-five percent of the Nation's spring wheat crop was seeded, 2 percentage points ahead of last year and 5 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Seventy-three percent of the Nation's spring wheat crop had emerged by June 1, three percentage points behind last year but 4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. On June 1, fifty percent of the Nation's spring wheat acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, 24 percentage points below the same time last year. Nationally, peanut producers had planted 18 percent of the 2025 peanut acreage by May 4, two percentage points behind the previous year but 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By May 18, fifty-one percent of the 2025 peanut acreage was planted, 1 percentage point behind last year but 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. By June 1, peanut producers had planted 81 percent of the 2025 peanut acreage, 1 percentage point ahead of both last year and the 5-year average. On June 1, sixty-five percent of the Nation's peanuts acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, 2 percentage points above the same time last year. By May 4, eighty-three percent of the sugarbeet acreage was planted, 5 percentage points ahead of last year and 29 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By May 11, ninety-one percent of the Nation's sugarbeet crop was planted, 1 percentage point ahead of last year and 22 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By May 18, producers had planted 100 percent of this year's sugarbeet crop, 3 percentage points ahead of last year and 19 percentage points ahead of the five-year average. Thirteen percent of the Nation's intended 2025 sunflower acreage was planted by May 18, four percentage points ahead of last year and 7 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By May 25, producers had planted 24 percent of this year's sunflower crop, 7 percentage points ahead of last year and 6 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By June 1, sunflower's producers had planted 41 percent of this year's sunflower crop acreage, 6 percentage points ahead of last year and 5 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Crop Comments Winter wheat: Production is forecast at 1.38 billion bushels, up slightly from the May 1 forecast and up 2 percent from 2024. As of June 1, the United States yield is forecast at 53.7 bushels per acre, unchanged from last month but up 2.0 bushels from last year's average yield of 51.7 bushels per acre. As of June 1, fifty-two percent of the winter wheat acreage in the 18 major producing States was rated in good to excellent condition, 3 percentage points higher than at the same time last year. Nationally, 83 percent of the winter wheat crop was headed by June 1, four percentage points ahead of the 5-year average pace. Forecasted head counts from the objective yield survey in the six Hard Red Winter States (Colorado, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, Oklahoma, and Texas) are below last year's final head count in Montana and Nebraska, but are above last year's in Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas. As of June 1, the winter wheat crop in Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas was rated in good to excellent condition at 51 percent, 55 percent, and 30 percent, respectively. In Texas, winter wheat harvest was 25 percent complete, 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average pace. Forecasted head counts from the objective yield survey in the three Soft Red Winter States (Illinois, Missouri, and Ohio) are below last year's final head count in Ohio, but are above last year's in Illinois and Missouri. As of June 1, the winter wheat crop in Illinois, Missouri, and Ohio was rated in good to excellent condition at 57 percent, 75 percent, and 68 percent, respectively. Forecasted head counts from the objective yield survey in Washington are below last year's final head count. As of June 1, the winter wheat crop in Idaho, Oregon, and Washington was rated in good to excellent condition at 79 percent, 61 percent, and 75 percent, respectively. Durum wheat: Production of Durum wheat in Arizona and California is forecast at a collective 6.86 million bushels, up 1 percent from last month but down 22 percent from last year. Grapefruit: The United States 2024-2025 grapefruit crop is forecast at 319,000 tons, unchanged from the previous forecast but down 3 percent from last season's final utilization. The Florida forecast, at 1.30 million boxes (55,000 tons), is unchanged from the previous forecast but down 27 percent from last season's final utilization. California and Texas grapefruit production forecasts were carried forward from the previous forecast. Tangerines and mandarins: The United States tangerine and mandarin crop is forecast at 1.06 million tons, unchanged from the previous forecast but down 5 percent from last season's final utilization. The Florida tangerine and mandarin forecast, at 400,000 boxes (19,000 tons) is unchanged from the previous forecast but down 11 percent from last season. The California tangerine and mandarin production forecast was carried forward from the previous forecast. Hops: United States hop acreage strung for harvest in 2025 is forecast at 42,231 acres, down 6 percent from last year's final harvested total of 44,793 acres. In Washington, the largest acreage State, 31,701 acres were strung for harvest, down 5 percent from the previous season's harvested acreage. In Idaho, area strung for harvest was 5,109 acres, down 12 percent from 2024. Oregon hop growers strung 5,421 acres for harvest this season, down 4 percent from last season when 5,635 acres were harvested. Cherries, Tart: United States tart cherry production for 2025 is forecast at 139 million pounds, down 36 percent from 2024. Production was led lower by a 41 percent decrease in Michigan from the previous year. Cherries, Sweet: United States sweet cherry total production for 2025 is forecast at 383,000 tons, up 4 percent from 2024. In Washington, the largest producing state, optimal growing conditions have resulted in production being forecast at 260,000 tons, up 29 percent from last year. In California, extreme weather during bloom reduced yields, resulting in production being forecast down 38 percent from last year. Maple syrup: The 2025 United States maple syrup production totaled 5.77 million gallons, down 2 percent from the previous season. The number of taps totaled 16.9 million, down 1 percent from the 2024 total. Yield per tap was 0.342 gallon, unchanged from the previous season. The 2024 United States average price per gallon was $34.20, up $1.30 from 2023. Value of production, at $200 million for 2024, was up 26 percent from the 2023 season. Statistical Methodology Wheat survey procedures: Objective yield and farm operator surveys were conducted between May 25 and June 8 to gather information on expected yield as of June 1. The objective yield survey was conducted in 10 States that accounted for about 71 percent of the 2024 winter wheat production. Farm operators were interviewed to update previously reported acreage data and seek permission to randomly locate two sample plots in selected winter wheat fields. The counts made within each sample plot depended upon the crop's maturity. Counts such as number of stalks, heads in late boot, and number of emerged heads were made to predict the number of heads that will be harvested. The counts are used with similar data from previous years to develop a projected biological yield. The average harvesting loss is subtracted to obtain a net yield. The plots are revisited each month until crop maturity when the heads are clipped, threshed, and weighed. After the farm operator has harvested the sample field, another plot is sampled to obtain current year harvesting loss. The farm operator survey was conducted primarily by telephone with some use of mail, internet, and personal interview. Approximately 3,000 producers were interviewed during the survey period and asked questions about the probable yield on their operation. These growers will continue to be surveyed throughout the growing season to provide indications of average yields. Orange survey procedures: In Florida, during August and September, the number of bearing trees and the number of fruit per tree is determined. In August and subsequent months, fruit size measurement and fruit droppage surveys are conducted, which combined with the previous components are used to develop the current forecast of production. California and Texas conduct grower surveys on a quarterly basis in October, January, April, and July. California also conducts objective measurement surveys in September for Navel oranges and in March for Valencia oranges. Wheat estimating procedures: National and State level objective yield and grower reported data were reviewed for reasonableness and consistency with historical estimates. The survey data were also reviewed considering weather patterns and crop progress compared to previous months and previous years. Each Regional Field Office submits their analysis of the current situation to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the survey data and the State analyses to prepare the published June 1 forecasts. Orange estimating procedures: State level objective yield indications for Florida oranges were reviewed for errors, reasonableness, and consistency with historical estimates. The Florida Field Office submits its analysis of the current situation to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the Florida survey data and their analysis to prepare the published June 1 forecast. The June 1 orange production forecasts for California and Texas are carried forward from April. Revision policy: The June 1 production forecast will not be revised; instead, a new forecast will be made each month throughout the growing season. End-of-season wheat estimates are made after harvest. At the end of the wheat marketing season, a balance sheet is calculated using carryover stocks, production, exports, millings, feeding, and ending stocks. Revisions are then made if the balance sheet relationships or other administrative data warrant changes. End-of-season orange estimates will be published in the Citrus Fruits Summary released in August. The orange production estimates are based on all data available at the end of the marketing season, including information from marketing orders, shipments, and processor records. Allowances are made for recorded local utilization and home use. Reliability: To assist users in evaluating the reliability of the June 1 production forecast, the "Root Mean Square Error," a statistical measure based on past performance, is computed. The deviation between the June 1 production forecast and the final estimate is expressed as a percentage of the final estimate. The average of the squared percentage deviations for the latest 20-year period is computed. The square root of the average becomes statistically the "Root Mean Square Error." Probability statements can be made concerning expected differences in the current forecast relative to the final end-of-season estimate, assuming that factors affecting this year's forecast are not different from those influencing recent years. The "Root Mean Square Error" for the June 1 winter wheat production forecast is 5.2 percent. This means that chances are 2 out of 3 that the current winter wheat production will not be above or below the final estimate by more than 5.2 percent. Chances are 9 out of 10 (90 percent confidence level) that the difference will not exceed 9.0 percent. Also shown in the following table is a 20-year record for selected crops of the differences between the June 1 forecast and the final estimate. Using winter wheat again as an example, changes between the June 1 forecast and final estimate during the last 20 years have averaged 60 million bushels, ranging from 4 million to 166 million bushels. The June 1 forecast has been below the final estimate 10 times and above 10 times. This does not imply that the June 1 winter wheat forecast this year is likely to understate or overstate final production. Reliability of June 1 Crop Production Forecasts [Based on data for the past twenty years] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : : : Difference between forecast : : : and final estimate : : :---------------------------------------- : :90 percent : Production : Years Crop : Root mean :confidence :---------------------------------------- :square error: interval : : : : Below : Above : : :Average:Smallest:Largest: final : final ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : ---- percent --- ----- millions ----- number : Oranges 1/ ...............tons: 3.7 6.3 123 12 473 8 12 Wheat : Winter wheat ........bushels: 5.2 9.0 60 4 166 10 10 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Quantity is in thousands of units. USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service Information Contacts Listed below are the commodity statisticians in the Crops Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to nass@usda.gov Anthony Prillaman, Acting Chief, Crops Branch............................................. (202) 720-2127 Chris Hawthorn, Head, Field Crops Section................................................. (202) 720-2127 Joshua Bates - Asparagus, Hemp, Maple Syrup, Soybeans................................ (202) 690-3234 Natasha Bruton - Cotton System Consumption and Stocks, Grain Crushings, Fats and Oils, Flour Milling Products, Broccoli, Cauliflower, Plums, Prunes..... (202) 690-1042 Noemi Guindin - Crop Progress and Condition, Kiwifruit............................... (202) 720-2127 Michelle Harder - Hay, Kale, Peanuts, Raspberries.................................... (202) 690-8533 Deonne Holiday - Almonds, Carrots, Coffee, Cranberries, Garlic, Onions Proso Millet, Rye, Tobacco...................................................... (202) 720-4288 Bret Holliman - Apricots, Barley, Chickpeas, Nectarines, Peaches, Snap Beans, Tomatoes............................................................ (202) 720-7235 James Johanson - Dry Edible Beans, Lettuce, Macadamias, Wheat........................ (202) 720-8068 Greg Lemmons - Beets, Corn, Flaxseed, Pears, Rice, Sweet Corn........................ (202) 720-9526 Krishna Rizal - Artichokes, Celery, Grapefruit, Lemons, Mandarins and tangerines, Mint, Mushrooms, Olives, Oranges, Pistachios.................................... (202) 720-5412 Chris Singh - Apples, Cucumbers, Hazelnuts, Potatoes, Pumpkins, Squash, Sugarbeets, Sugarcane, Sweet Potatoes................................... (202) 720-4285 Becky Sommer - Cabbage, Cotton, Cotton Ginnings, Sorghum, Walnuts, Strawberries...... (202) 720-5944 Travis Thorson - Blueberries, Canola, Mustard Seed, Rapeseed, Safflower, Spinach, Sunflower.............................................................. (202) 720-7369 Antonio Torres - Cantaloupes, Dry Edible Peas, Grapes, Green Peas, Honeydews, Lentils, Oats, Sweet Cherries, Tart Cherries, Watermelons............ (202) 720-2157 Chris Wallace - Avocados, Bell Peppers, Chile Peppers, Dates, Floriculture, Hops, Papayas, Pecans........................................................... (202) 720-4215 Access to NASS Reports For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways: All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: www.nass.usda.gov. The national specific reports are available via a free e-mail subscription. To set-up this free subscription, visit www.nass.usda.gov and click on "National" in upper right corner above "search" box to create an account and select the reports you would like to receive. 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