Crop Production ISSN: 1936-3737 Released December 8, 2023, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Cotton Production Down 2 Percent from November Forecast Orange Production Unchanged from October Forecast All cotton production is forecast at 12.8 million 480-pound bales, down 2 percent from the previous forecast and down 12 percent from 2022. Based on conditions as of December 1, yields are expected to average 765 pounds per harvested acre, down 18 pounds from the previous forecast and down 185 pounds from 2022. Upland cotton production is forecast at 12.4 million 480-pound bales, down 2 percent from the previous forecast and down 11 percent from 2022. Pima cotton production is forecast at 331,000 bales, down 6 percent from the previous forecast and down 30 percent from 2022. All cotton area harvested is forecast at 8.02 million acres, unchanged from the previous forecast but up 10 percent from 2022. The United States all orange forecast for the 2023-2024 season is 2.74 million tons, unchanged from the previous forecast but up 10 percent from the 2022-2023 final utilization. The Florida all orange forecast, at 20.5 million boxes (923,000 tons), is unchanged from the previous forecast but up 30 percent from last season's final utilization. In Florida, early, midseason, and Navel varieties are forecast at 7.50 million boxes (338,000 tons), unchanged from the previous forecast but up 22 percent from last season's final utilization. The Florida Valencia orange forecast, at 13.0 million boxes (585,000 tons), is unchanged from the previous forecast but up 35 percent from last season's final utilization. California and Texas orange production forecasts were carried forward from the previous forecast. This report was approved on December 8, 2023. Secretary of Agriculture Designate Robert Bonnie Agricultural Statistics Board Acting Chairperson Lance Honig Contents Cotton Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Type - States and United States: 2022 and Forecasted December 1, 2023........................................................................................... 4 Cottonseed Production - United States: 2022 and Forecasted December 1, 2023................................ 5 Cotton Production - United States Chart.................................................................... 5 Utilized Production of Citrus Fruits by Crop - States and United States: 2022-2023 and Forecasted December 1, 2023........................................................................................... 6 Sugarcane for Sugar and Seed Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2022 and Forecasted December 1, 2023................................................................................ 7 Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2022 and 2023.... 10 Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2022 and 2023...... 12 Fruits and Nuts Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2023 and 2024................................ 14 Fruits and Nuts Production in Metric Units - United States: 2023 and 2024.................................. 15 Cotton Cumulative Boll Counts - Selected States: 2019-2023................................................. 16 Percent of Normal Precipitation Map........................................................................ 17 Departure from Normal Temperature Map...................................................................... 17 November Weather Summary................................................................................... 18 November Agricultural Summary.............................................................................. 18 Crop Comments.............................................................................................. 19 Statistical Methodology.................................................................................... 21 Reliability of December 1 Crop Production Forecasts........................................................ 22 Information Contacts....................................................................................... 23 Cotton Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Type - States and United States: 2022 and Forecasted December 1, 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production 1/ :-------------------------------------------------------------------------- Type and State : : : : 2023 : : : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 :-----------------------: 2022 : 2023 : : : :November 1 :December 1 : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -- 1,000 acres -- ---------- pounds ---------- 1,000 bales 2/ : Upland : Alabama .........: 430.0 375.0 930 909 909 833.0 710.0 Arizona .........: 86.0 75.0 1,563 1,280 1,472 280.0 230.0 Arkansas ........: 630.0 505.0 1,179 1,236 1,340 1,548.0 1,410.0 California ......: 18.5 12.8 1,946 1,875 1,688 75.0 45.0 Florida .........: 103.0 87.0 769 552 552 165.0 100.0 Georgia .........: 1,270.0 1,100.0 1,002 1,025 1,025 2,650.0 2,350.0 Kansas ..........: 138.0 88.0 577 900 873 166.0 160.0 Louisiana .......: 190.0 115.0 904 1,002 877 358.0 210.0 Mississippi .....: 525.0 395.0 1,084 1,033 1,033 1,186.0 850.0 Missouri ........: 340.0 330.0 1,240 1,229 1,324 878.0 910.0 : New Mexico ......: 30.0 22.0 960 1,004 1,200 60.0 55.0 North Carolina ..: 460.0 370.0 1,049 941 954 1,005.0 735.0 Oklahoma ........: 230.0 310.0 634 542 542 304.0 350.0 South Carolina ..: 266.0 205.0 911 878 866 505.0 370.0 Tennessee .......: 325.0 260.0 1,053 1,182 1,237 713.0 670.0 Texas ...........: 2,000.0 3,550.0 734 487 419 3,060.0 3,100.0 Virginia ........: 90.0 80.0 1,131 1,140 1,140 212.0 190.0 : United States ...: 7,131.5 7,879.8 942 776 758 13,998.0 12,445.0 : American Pima : Arizona .........: 14.4 16.0 933 1,110 930 28.0 31.0 California ......: 114.0 84.0 1,558 1,417 1,343 370.0 235.0 New Mexico ......: 18.8 16.1 715 894 894 28.0 30.0 Texas ...........: 29.0 25.0 728 749 672 44.0 35.0 : United States ...: 176.2 141.1 1,280 1,204 1,126 470.0 331.0 : All : Alabama .........: 430.0 375.0 930 909 909 833.0 710.0 Arizona .........: 100.4 91.0 1,473 1,250 1,377 308.0 261.0 Arkansas ........: 630.0 505.0 1,179 1,236 1,340 1,548.0 1,410.0 California ......: 132.5 96.8 1,612 1,478 1,388 445.0 280.0 Florida .........: 103.0 87.0 769 552 552 165.0 100.0 Georgia .........: 1,270.0 1,100.0 1,002 1,025 1,025 2,650.0 2,350.0 Kansas ..........: 138.0 88.0 577 900 873 166.0 160.0 Louisiana .......: 190.0 115.0 904 1,002 877 358.0 210.0 Mississippi .....: 525.0 395.0 1,084 1,033 1,033 1,186.0 850.0 Missouri ........: 340.0 330.0 1,240 1,229 1,324 878.0 910.0 : New Mexico ......: 48.8 38.1 866 957 1,071 88.0 85.0 North Carolina ..: 460.0 370.0 1,049 941 954 1,005.0 735.0 Oklahoma ........: 230.0 310.0 634 542 542 304.0 350.0 South Carolina ..: 266.0 205.0 911 878 866 505.0 370.0 Tennessee .......: 325.0 260.0 1,053 1,182 1,237 713.0 670.0 Texas ...........: 2,029.0 3,575.0 734 489 421 3,104.0 3,135.0 Virginia ........: 90.0 80.0 1,131 1,140 1,140 212.0 190.0 : United States ...: 7,307.7 8,020.9 950 783 765 14,468.0 12,776.0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Production ginned and to be ginned. 2/ 480-pound net weight bale. Cottonseed Production - United States: 2022 and Forecasted December 1, 2023 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 1/ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 tons : United States ...: 4,415.0 3,890.0 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Based on a 3-year average lint-seed ratio. Utilized Production of Citrus Fruits by Crop - States and United States: 2022-2023 and Forecasted December 1, 2023 [The crop year begins with the bloom of the first year shown and ends with the completion of harvest the following year.] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Utilized production boxes 1/ :Utilized production ton equivalent Crop and State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022-2023 : 2023-2024 : 2022-2023 : 2023-2024 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ 1,000 boxes ----- ------ 1,000 tons ----- Oranges : California, all 2/ .........: 43,200 44,500 1,728 1,780 Early, mid, and Navel 3/ ..: 36,500 37,000 1,460 1,480 Valencia ..................: 6,700 7,500 268 300 : Florida, all ...............: 15,800 20,500 711 923 Early, mid, and Navel 3/ ..: 6,150 7,500 277 338 Valencia ..................: 9,650 13,000 434 585 : Texas, all 2/ ..............: 1,130 800 48 34 Early, mid, and Navel 3/ ..: 570 450 24 19 Valencia ..................: 560 350 24 15 : United States, all .........: 60,130 65,800 2,487 2,737 Early, mid, and Navel 3/ ..: 43,220 44,950 1,761 1,837 Valencia ..................: 16,910 20,850 726 900 : Grapefruit : California 2/ ..............: 4,000 3,500 160 140 Florida ....................: 1,810 2,400 77 102 Texas 2/ ...................: 2,250 2,200 90 88 : United States ..............: 8,060 8,100 327 330 : Tangerines and mandarins 4/ : California 2/ ..............: 23,700 23,000 948 920 Florida ....................: 480 550 23 26 : United States ..............: 24,180 23,550 971 946 : Lemons 2/ : Arizona ....................: 1,400 1,500 56 60 California .................: 26,500 23,000 1,060 920 : United States ..............: 27,900 24,500 1,116 980 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Net pounds per box: oranges in California-80, Florida-90, Texas-85; grapefruit in California-80, Florida-85, Texas-80; tangerines and mandarins in California-80, Florida-95; lemons-80. 2/ Estimates for current year carried forward from an earlier forecast. 3/ Navel and miscellaneous varieties in California. Early (including Navel) and midseason varieties in Florida and Texas. 4/ Includes tangelos and tangors. Sugarcane for Sugar and Seed Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2022 and Forecasted December 1, 2023 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area harvested : Yield per acre 1/ : Production 1/ :--------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : 2023 : : : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 :-------------------------: 2022 : 2023 : : : : November 1 : December 1 : : ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres ------------ tons ----------- -- 1,000 tons -- : Florida ......: 401.9 400.0 44.6 45.4 45.3 17,931 18,120 Louisiana ....: 497.1 505.0 32.3 28.3 28.5 16,035 14,393 Texas ........: 31.2 19.0 22.6 22.2 21.8 705 414 : United States : 930.2 924.0 37.3 35.6 35.6 34,671 32,927 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Net tons. Pecan Production by Variety - States and United States: 2022 and Forecasted December 1, 2023 --------------------------------------------------------------------- : Utilized production (in-shell basis) State and variety :------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 --------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 pounds : Arizona .................: 39,100 42,000 Improved ...............: 39,100 42,000 : Georgia .................: 132,000 91,000 Improved ...............: 132,000 91,000 : New Mexico ..............: 74,700 90,000 Improved ...............: 74,700 90,000 : Oklahoma ................: 6,900 12,500 Improved ...............: 2,140 2,500 Native and seedling ....: 4,760 10,000 : Texas ...................: 25,000 16,000 Improved ...............: 22,800 12,800 Native and seedling ....: 2,200 3,200 : United States ...........: 277,700 251,500 Improved ...............: 270,740 238,300 Native and seedling ....: 6,960 13,200 --------------------------------------------------------------------- This page intentionally left blank. Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2022 and 2023 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2023 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area planted : Area harvested Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres : Grains and hay : Barley .................................: 2,959 3,101 2,446 2,555 Corn for grain 1/ ......................: 88,589 94,868 79,115 87,096 Corn for silage ........................: (NA) 6,844 Hay, all ...............................: (NA) (NA) 49,546 51,976 Alfalfa ..............................: (NA) (NA) 14,913 15,658 All other ............................: (NA) (NA) 34,633 36,318 Oats ...................................: 2,581 2,555 890 831 Proso millet ...........................: 637 705 507 Rice ...................................: 2,222 2,897 2,172 2,850 Rye ....................................: 2,175 2,293 341 322 Sorghum for grain 1/ ...................: 6,325 7,180 4,570 6,260 Sorghum for silage .....................: (NA) 525 Wheat, all .............................: 45,768 49,575 35,485 37,272 Winter ...............................: 33,281 36,699 23,454 24,683 Durum ................................: 1,632 1,676 1,581 1,604 Other spring .........................: 10,855 11,200 10,450 10,985 : Oilseeds : Canola .................................: 2,213.0 2,351.0 2,168.0 2,301.5 Cottonseed .............................: (X) (X) (X) (X) Flaxseed ...............................: 263 140 244 132 Mustard seed ...........................: 221.0 240.0 182.0 228.5 Peanuts ................................: 1,450.3 1,650.0 1,383.1 1,599.8 Rapeseed ...............................: 10.9 15.5 10.4 14.1 Safflower ..............................: 150.2 143.0 135.3 133.5 Soybeans for beans .....................: 87,450 83,600 86,169 82,791 Sunflower ..............................: 1,693.5 1,322.0 1,605.5 1,262.3 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops : Cotton, all ............................: 13,761.0 10,232.5 7,307.7 8,020.9 Upland ...............................: 13,579.0 10,086.0 7,131.5 7,879.8 American Pima ........................: 182.0 146.5 176.2 141.1 Sugarbeets .............................: 1,159.5 1,132.3 1,137.1 1,118.6 Sugarcane ..............................: (NA) (NA) 930.2 924.0 Tobacco ................................: (NA) (NA) 201.8 190.6 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas ..............................: 353.1 380.3 341.9 373.2 Dry edible beans .......................: 1,250.0 1,184.0 1,223.0 1,142.8 Dry edible peas ........................: 919.0 945.0 862.0 900.0 Lentils ................................: 660.0 545.0 602.0 508.0 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops ...................................: (NA) (NA) 59.8 55.0 Maple syrup ............................: (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Mushrooms ..............................: (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Peppermint oil .........................: (NA) 34.0 Potatoes ...............................: 916.0 964.0 911.4 959.8 Spearmint oil ..........................: (NA) 13.7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2022 and 2023 (continued) [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2023 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Yield per acre : Production Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : --------- 1,000 -------- : Grains and hay : Barley ..........................bushels: 71.6 72.4 175,023 185,036 Corn for grain ..................bushels: 173.4 174.9 13,714,676 15,234,285 Corn for silage ....................tons: 18.7 128,276 Hay, all ...........................tons: 2.28 2.36 112,801 122,828 Alfalfa ..........................tons: 3.22 3.37 47,958 52,735 All other ........................tons: 1.87 1.93 64,843 70,093 Oats ............................bushels: 64.8 68.6 57,655 57,045 Proso millet ....................bushels: 18.5 9,403 Rice 2/ .............................cwt: 7,383 7,707 160,368 219,663 Rye .............................bushels: 36.1 32.2 12,301 10,375 Sorghum for grain ...............bushels: 41.1 51.4 187,785 321,820 Sorghum for silage .................tons: 10.8 5,662 Wheat, all ......................bushels: 46.5 48.6 1,649,713 1,811,977 Winter ........................bushels: 47.0 50.6 1,103,062 1,247,748 Durum .........................bushels: 40.5 37.0 63,981 59,329 Other spring ..................bushels: 46.2 46.0 482,670 504,900 : Oilseeds : Canola ...........................pounds: 1,762 1,741 3,820,780 4,007,550 Cottonseed .........................tons: (X) (X) 4,415.0 3,890.0 Flaxseed ........................bushels: 17.6 4,304 Mustard seed .....................pounds: 557 101,290 Peanuts ..........................pounds: 4,008 3,740 5,542,893 5,983,160 Rapeseed .........................pounds: 1,863 19,380 Safflower ........................pounds: 1,213 164,054 Soybeans for beans ..............bushels: 49.6 49.9 4,270,196 4,129,449 Sunflower ........................pounds: 1,751 1,738 2,811,225 2,194,450 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops : Cotton, all 2/ ....................bales: 950 765 14,468.0 12,776.0 Upland 2/ .......................bales: 942 758 13,998.0 12,445.0 American Pima 2/ ................bales: 1,280 1,126 470.0 331.0 Sugarbeets .........................tons: 28.6 31.7 32,574 35,508 Sugarcane ..........................tons: 37.3 35.6 34,671 32,927 Tobacco ..........................pounds: 2,217 2,253 447,367 429,445 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas 2/ ........................cwt: 1,070 1,329 3,658 4,958 Dry edible beans 2/ .................cwt: 2,113 1,962 25,847 22,425 Dry edible peas 2/ ..................cwt: 1,751 1,909 15,092 17,178 Lentils 2/ ..........................cwt: 912 1,124 5,489 5,710 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops .............................pounds: 1,694 1,886 101,286.3 103,812.0 Maple syrup .....................gallons: (NA) (NA) 4,943 4,179 Mushrooms ........................pounds: (NA) (NA) 702,391 666,647 Peppermint oil ...................pounds: 99 3,349 Potatoes ............................cwt: 438 452 398,744 434,224 Spearmint oil ....................pounds: 120 1,648 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Area planted for all purposes. 2/ Yield in pounds. Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2022 and 2023 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2023 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : hectares : Grains and hay : Barley .........................: 1,197,480 1,254,940 989,870 1,033,980 Corn for grain 1/ ..............: 35,851,080 38,392,130 32,017,050 35,246,880 Corn for silage ................: (NA) 2,769,700 Hay, all 2/ ....................: (NA) (NA) 20,050,770 21,034,170 Alfalfa ......................: (NA) (NA) 6,035,140 6,336,640 All other ....................: (NA) (NA) 14,015,630 14,697,530 Oats ...........................: 1,044,500 1,033,980 360,170 336,300 Proso millet ...................: 257,790 285,310 205,180 Rice ...........................: 899,220 1,172,390 878,990 1,153,370 Rye ............................: 880,200 927,950 138,000 130,310 Sorghum for grain 1/ ...........: 2,559,660 2,905,670 1,849,430 2,533,360 Sorghum for silage .............: (NA) 212,460 Wheat, all 2/ ..................: 18,521,850 20,062,510 14,360,420 15,083,610 Winter .......................: 13,468,490 14,851,720 9,491,600 9,988,960 Durum ........................: 660,450 678,260 639,810 649,120 Other spring .................: 4,392,910 4,532,530 4,229,010 4,445,520 : Oilseeds : Canola .........................: 895,580 951,430 877,370 931,390 Cottonseed .....................: (X) (X) (X) (X) Flaxseed .......................: 106,430 56,660 98,740 53,420 Mustard seed ...................: 89,440 97,130 73,650 92,470 Peanuts ........................: 586,920 667,740 559,730 647,420 Rapeseed .......................: 4,410 6,270 4,210 5,710 Safflower ......................: 60,780 57,870 54,750 54,030 Soybeans for beans .............: 35,390,140 33,832,080 34,871,730 33,504,690 Sunflower ......................: 685,340 535,000 649,730 510,840 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops: Cotton, all 2/ .................: 5,568,940 4,140,990 2,957,350 3,245,980 Upland .......................: 5,495,290 4,081,700 2,886,050 3,188,880 American Pima ................: 73,650 59,290 71,310 57,100 Sugarbeets .....................: 469,240 458,230 460,170 452,690 Sugarcane ......................: (NA) (NA) 376,440 373,930 Tobacco ........................: (NA) (NA) 81,650 77,130 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas ......................: 142,900 153,900 138,360 151,030 Dry edible beans ...............: 505,860 479,150 494,940 462,480 Dry edible peas ................: 371,910 382,430 348,840 364,220 Lentils ........................: 267,100 220,560 243,620 205,580 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops ...........................: (NA) (NA) 24,190 22,270 Maple syrup ....................: (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Mushrooms ......................: (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Peppermint oil .................: (NA) 13,760 Potatoes .......................: 370,700 390,120 368,830 388,420 Spearmint oil ..................: (NA) 5,540 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2022 and 2023 (continued) [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2023 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Yield per hectare : Production Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : metric tons : Grains and hay : Barley .................................: 3.85 3.90 3,810,680 4,028,680 Corn for grain .........................: 10.88 10.98 348,368,820 386,968,660 Corn for silage ........................: 42.02 116,370,030 Hay, all 2/ ............................: 5.10 5.30 102,331,350 111,427,690 Alfalfa ..............................: 7.21 7.55 43,506,770 47,840,390 All other ............................: 4.20 4.33 58,824,580 63,587,300 Oats ...................................: 2.32 2.46 836,860 828,010 Proso millet ...........................: 1.04 213,260 Rice ...................................: 8.28 8.64 7,274,170 9,963,750 Rye ....................................: 2.26 2.02 312,460 263,540 Sorghum for grain ......................: 2.58 3.23 4,769,960 8,174,600 Sorghum for silage .....................: 24.18 5,136,480 Wheat, all 2/ ..........................: 3.13 3.27 44,897,830 49,313,930 Winter ...............................: 3.16 3.40 30,020,430 33,958,140 Durum ................................: 2.72 2.49 1,741,280 1,614,670 Other spring .........................: 3.11 3.09 13,136,120 13,741,130 : Oilseeds : Canola .................................: 1.98 1.95 1,733,080 1,817,790 Cottonseed .............................: (X) (X) 4,005,220 3,528,950 Flaxseed ...............................: 1.11 109,330 Mustard seed ...........................: 0.62 45,940 Peanuts ................................: 4.49 4.19 2,514,210 2,713,920 Rapeseed ...............................: 2.09 8,790 Safflower ..............................: 1.36 74,410 Soybeans for beans .....................: 3.33 3.35 116,215,690 112,385,180 Sunflower ..............................: 1.96 1.95 1,275,150 995,390 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops : Cotton, all 2/ .........................: 1.07 0.86 3,150,040 2,781,650 Upland ...............................: 1.06 0.85 3,047,710 2,709,580 American Pima ........................: 1.44 1.26 102,330 72,070 Sugarbeets .............................: 64.22 71.16 29,550,640 32,212,320 Sugarcane ..............................: 83.55 79.88 31,453,000 29,870,870 Tobacco ................................: 2.49 2.53 202,920 194,790 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas ..............................: 1.20 1.49 165,920 224,890 Dry edible beans .......................: 2.37 2.20 1,172,400 1,017,180 Dry edible peas ........................: 1.96 2.14 684,560 779,180 Lentils ................................: 1.02 1.26 248,980 259,000 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops ...................................: 1.90 2.11 45,940 47,090 Maple syrup ............................: (NA) (NA) 24,720 20,900 Mushrooms ..............................: (NA) (NA) 318,600 302,390 Peppermint oil .........................: 0.11 1,520 Potatoes ...............................: 49.04 50.71 18,086,720 19,696,070 Spearmint oil ..........................: 0.13 750 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Area planted for all purposes. 2/ Total may not add due to rounding. Fruits and Nuts Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2023 and 2024 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2022 crop year, except citrus which is for the 2022-2023 season. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Production Crop :----------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Citrus 1/ : Grapefruit ......................1,000 tons: 327 330 Lemons ..........................1,000 tons: 1,116 980 Oranges .........................1,000 tons: 2,487 2,737 Tangerines and mandarins ........1,000 tons: 971 946 : Noncitrus : Apples, commercial ..........million pounds: 9,910.0 Apricots ..............................tons: 32,400 Avocados ..............................tons: Blueberries, Cultivated .......1,000 pounds: Blueberries, Wild (Maine) .....1,000 pounds: Cherries, Sweet .......................tons: 371,000 Cherries, Tart ..............million pounds: 203.0 Coffee (Hawaii) ...............1,000 pounds: Cranberries .........................barrel: 7,620,000 : Dates .................................tons: Grapes ................................tons: 6,285,000 Kiwifruit (California) ................tons: Nectarines (California) ...............tons: Olives (California) ...................tons: Papayas (Hawaii) ..............1,000 pounds: Peaches ...............................tons: 543,000 Pears .................................tons: 645,000 Plums (California) ....................tons: Prunes (California) ...................tons: Raspberries, all .............1,000 pounds: Strawberries .....................1,000 cwt: : Nuts and miscellaneous : Almonds, shelled (California) .1,000 pounds: 2,600,000 Hazelnuts, in-shell (Oregon) ..........tons: Macadamias (Hawaii) ...........1,000 pounds: Pecans, in-shell ..............1,000 pounds: 251,500 Pistachios (California) .......1,000 pounds: Walnuts, in-shell (California) ........tons: 760,000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Production years are 2022-2023 and 2023-2024. Fruits and Nuts Production in Metric Units - United States: 2023 and 2024 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2022 crop year, except citrus which is for the 2022-2023 season. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Production Crop :----------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : metric tons : Citrus 1/ : Grapefruit ................................: 296,650 299,370 Lemons ....................................: 1,012,420 889,040 Oranges ...................................: 2,256,170 2,482,960 Tangerines and mandarins ..................: 880,880 858,200 : Noncitrus : Apples, commercial ........................: 4,495,100 Apricots ..................................: 29,390 Avocados ..................................: Blueberries, Cultivated ...................: Blueberries, Wild (Maine) .................: Cherries, Sweet ...........................: 336,570 Cherries, Tart ............................: 92,080 Coffee (Hawaii) ...........................: Cranberries ...............................: 345,640 : Dates .....................................: Grapes ....................................: 5,701,660 Kiwifruit (California) ....................: Nectarines (California) ...................: Olives (California) .......................: Papayas (Hawaii) ..........................: Peaches ...................................: 492,600 Pears .....................................: 585,130 Plums (California) ........................: Prunes (California) .......................: Raspberries, all ..........................: Strawberries ..............................: : Nuts and miscellaneous : Almonds, shelled (California) .............: 1,179,340 Hazelnuts, in-shell (Oregon) ..............: Macadamias (Hawaii) .......................: Pecans, in-shell ..........................: 114,080 Pistachios (California) ...................: Walnuts, in-shell (California) ............: 689,460 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Production years are 2022-2023 and 2023-2024. Cotton Objective Yield Data The National Agricultural Statistics Service conducted objective yield surveys in 4 cotton-producing States during 2023. Randomly selected plots in cotton fields are visited monthly from September through harvest to obtain specific counts and measurements. Data in this table are actual field counts from this survey. Cotton Cumulative Boll Counts - Selected States: 2019-2023 [Includes small bolls (less than one inch in diameter), large unopened bolls (at least one inch in diameter), open bolls, partially opened bolls, and burrs per 40 feet of row. November, December, and Final exclude small bolls. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : : State and month : 2019 : 2020 : 2021 : 2022 : 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : number : Arkansas : September ..........: 900 994 990 811 795 October ............: 896 849 838 799 877 November ...........: 925 820 809 799 888 December ...........: 900 820 807 799 888 Final ..............: 900 820 807 799 : Georgia : September ..........: 598 606 597 605 581 October ............: 783 747 658 648 660 November ...........: 790 761 669 705 706 December ...........: 799 784 694 721 721 Final ..............: 803 785 694 721 : Mississippi : September ..........: 944 900 957 804 828 October ............: 895 867 807 814 863 November ...........: 904 877 848 830 849 December ...........: 901 875 849 828 849 Final ..............: 901 875 851 828 : Texas : September ..........: 458 576 491 583 416 October ............: 438 581 512 615 422 November ...........: 456 595 538 629 462 December ...........: 459 608 539 640 487 Final ..............: 461 608 539 643 : 4-State : September ..........: 551 645 567 641 513 October ............: 562 661 573 668 543 November ...........: 579 671 595 692 578 December ...........: 580 683 599 701 597 Final ..............: 593 693 597 708 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- November Weather Summary During November, harvest for a variety of summer crops-including corn and soybeans-began to wind down, mostly on schedule or ahead of schedule. Harvest progress was a little slower in the eastern Corn Belt, mainly due to late crop maturation and a few weather challenges, including late-month rain and snow. The Nation's soybean harvest was 95 percent complete by November 12, ahead of the 5-year average of 91 percent. The corn harvest reached the 95-percent threshold less than 2 weeks later, and by November 26, only 4 percent of the national acreage remained uncut. Meanwhile, the newly planted winter wheat crop got off to a mixed start, with some areas faring well and others still contending with drought. With 38 to 44 percent of the Nation's winter wheat production area in drought during November, according to the Drought Monitor, emerging wheat struggled in several areas. By November 26, fifteen percent of the national wheat crop was reported to be in very poor to poor condition, with higher values noted in Kansas (32 percent very poor to poor), Oregon (23 percent), and Texas (19 percent). During the mid- to late-month period, however, some of the driest wheat-production areas received highly beneficial precipitation, including post-Thanksgiving snow across the central Plains and environs. Nationally, drought coverage was nearly unchanged during November, ranging from 36 to 37 percent, based on statistics from the Drought Monitor. However, late-month storminess provided much-needed rainfall in much of the South, which has been dealing with drought-and the lingering effects of record- setting summer heat-for months. Despite the drought-easing rain, more than one-half of the pastures were still rated in very poor to poor condition on November 26 in six Southern States: Alabama (74 percent), Mississippi (69 percent), Tennessee (60 percent), Louisiana (58 percent), Texas (58 percent), and South Carolina (51 percent). Elsewhere, unusually dry weather was observed across the upper Midwest, where it was the driest November on record in Eau Claire, Wisconsin. Eau Claire received November precipitation totaling just 0.05 inch, well below the November average value of 1.79 inches. Generally drier-than-normal late-autumn weather also stretched from California into parts of the Southwest, but November storminess from the Pacific Northwest to northern Montana reduced drought coverage and intensity. November's warmest weather, relative to normal, was focused across the Plains and upper Midwest. Monthly temperatures averaged more than 5°F above normal across portions of the northern High Plains, including Montana locations such as Havre, Great Falls, and Cut Bank. Meanwhile, cooler-than-normal conditions dominated several regions, including the Northeast and portions of the Far West. November temperatures averaged at least 3°F below normal in New England locations such as Portland, Maine, and Providence, Rhode Island. November Agricultural Summary Most of the Nation recorded warmer than normal temperatures during the month of November. Parts of the Great Plains and Northern Rockies recorded temperature 6°F or more above normal for the month. In contrast, most of the Mid-Atlantic and Northeast, as well as parts of the Great Lakes, Southeast, South Texas, and West, were moderately cooler than normal. While most of the Nation was drier than normal for the month of November, at least twice the normal amount of precipitation was recorded in parts of Florida, the Southwest, Rockies, and South Texas. Seventy-one percent of the 2023 corn acreage was harvested by October 29, three percentage points behind last year but 5 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average harvest pace. Eighty-eight percent of the 2023 corn acreage was harvested by November 12, four percentage points behind last year but 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average harvest pace. Ninety-six percent of the 2023 corn acreage was harvested by November 26, three percentage points behind last year but 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average harvest pace. Harvest progress was complete or nearing completion in 14 of the 18 estimating States. Soybean harvest across the Nation was 85 percent complete by October 29, two percentage points behind last year but 7 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Soybean harvest across the Nation was 95 percent complete by November 12, one percentage point behind last year but 4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Soybean harvesting was ahead of the 5-year average pace in 16 of the 18 estimating States. Nationwide, producers had sown 84 percent of the intended 2024 winter wheat acreage by October 29, two percentage points behind last year and 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Nationwide, 64 percent of the winter wheat acreage had emerged by October 29, four percentage points ahead of last year but equal to the 5-year average. Nationwide, producers had sown 93 percent of the intended 2024 winter wheat acreage by November 12, two percentage points behind last year but equal to the 5-year average. Nationwide, 81 percent of the winter wheat acreage had emerged by November 12, one percentage point ahead of both last year and the 5-year average. Nationwide, 91 percent of the winter wheat acreage had emerged by November 26, one percentage point ahead of last year and 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. As of November 26, fifty percent of the 2024 winter wheat acreage was reported in good to excellent condition, 16 percentage points above the same time last year. By October 29, ninety-three percent of the Nation's cotton had open bolls, 2 percentage points behind both last year and the 5-year average. By October 29, forty-nine percent of the Nation's cotton acreage was harvested, 5 percentage points behind last year but 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. On October 29, twenty-nine percent of the 2023 cotton acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, 1 percentage point below the previous year. By November 12, sixty-seven percent of the Nation's cotton acreage was harvested, 3 percentage points behind last year but 4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By November 26, eighty-three percent of the Nation's cotton acreage was harvested, equal to last year but 4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Seventy-seven percent of the 2023 sorghum acreage had been harvested by October 29, one percentage point ahead of last year and 6 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Ninety-two percent of the 2023 sorghum acreage had been harvested by November 12, equal to last year but 5 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Harvest progress was at or ahead of the 5-year average pace in all 6 estimating States. Nationally, 95 percent of the rice acreage was harvested by October 29, two percentage points behind last year and 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Sixty-nine percent of the Nation's peanut acreage was harvested as of October 29, eight percentage points behind last year and 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Eighty-seven percent of the Nation's peanut acreage was harvested as of November 12, three percentage points behind last year but 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. Ninety-six percent of the Nation's peanut acreage was harvested as of November 26, one percentage point behind last year but 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. By November 5, sugarbeet producers had harvested 95 percent of the Nation's crop, 2 percentage points ahead of last year and 4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Sugarbeet harvest advanced 48 percentage points for the week in Michigan. By October 29, forty percent of this year's sunflower crop was harvested, 16 percentage points behind last year and 4 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By November 12, sixty-eight percent of this year's sunflower crop was harvested, 22 percentage points behind last year and 4 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By November 26, eighty-six percent of this year's sunflower crop was harvested, 12 percentage points behind last year but 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Crop Comments Cotton: Upland harvested area for the Nation is expected to total 7.88 million acres, unchanged from the previous forecast but up 10 percent from last year. Expected Pima harvested area at 141,100 acres is unchanged from the previous estimate but down 20 percent from last year. Upland cotton production is forecast at 12.4 million 480-pound bales, down 2 percent from the previous forecast and down 11 percent from 2022. Pima cotton production is forecast at 331,000 bales, down 6 percent from the previous forecast and down 30 percent from 2022. If realized, Upland harvested area for California and New Mexico would be a record low. Record high yields are forecast in Arkansas and Tennessee. By November 26, eighty-three percent of the Nation's cotton acreage was harvested, equal to last year but 4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. During the week ending November 26, cotton harvest advanced 10 percentage points or more in Georgia, Oklahoma, South Carolina, and Virginia. Ginnings totaled 8,480,750 running bales prior to December 1, down from 9,271,400 running bales ginned prior to the same date last year. Grapefruit: The United States 2022-2023 grapefruit crop is forecast at 330,000 tons, up 7 percent from the previous forecast and up 1 percent from last season's final utilization. The Florida forecast, at 2.40 million boxes (102,000 tons), is up 26 percent from previous forecast and up 33 percent from the last season. California and Texas grapefruit production forecasts were carried forward from the previous forecast. Tangerines and mandarins: The United States tangerine and mandarin crop is forecast at 946,000 tons, up slightly from the previous forecast but down 3 percent from the last season's final utilization. The Florida tangerine and mandarin forecast, at 550,000 boxes (26,000 tons), is up 10 percent from last forecast and up 15 percent from last year. The California tangerine and mandarin forecast was carried forward from the previous forecast. Sugarcane: Production of sugarcane for sugar and seed is forecast at 32.9 million tons, up slightly from the previous forecast but down 5 percent from last season. Producers intend to harvest 924,000 acres for sugar and seed during the 2023 crop year, up slightly from last month but down 1 percent from 2022. Yields for sugar and seed are expected to average 35.6 tons per acre, unchanged from last month but down 1.7 tons from last season. Pecans: Production is forecast at 252 million pounds, up 1 percent from the previous forecast but down 9 percent from 2022. Improved varieties are expected to produce 238 million pounds or 95 percent of the total. The native and seedling varieties are expected to produce 13.2 million pounds, making up the remaining 5 percent of production. Statistical Methodology Cotton survey procedures: Objective yield surveys were conducted between November 24 and December 1 to gather information on expected yields as of December 1. The objective yield survey for cotton was conducted in cotton producing States that usually account for approximately 75 percent of the United States production. At crop maturity, the fruit is harvested and weighed. After the farm operator has harvested the sample field, another plot is sampled to obtain current year harvesting loss. Orange survey procedures: In August and September, the number of bearing trees and the number of fruit per tree is determined. In August and subsequent months, fruit size measurement and fruit droppage surveys are conducted, which combined with the previous components are used to develop the current forecast of production. California and Texas conduct grower surveys on a quarterly basis for the forecast, in October, January, April, and July. California conducts an objective measurement survey in September for Navel oranges and in March for Valencia oranges. Cotton estimating procedures: National and State level objective yield estimates for cotton were reviewed for errors, reasonableness, and consistency with historical estimates. For cotton, reports from cotton ginners in each State were also considered. Each cotton Regional Field Office submits its analysis of the current situation to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the survey data and the State analyses to prepare the published December 1 forecast. Orange estimating procedures: State level objective yield estimates for Florida oranges were reviewed for errors, reasonableness, and consistency with historical estimates. The Florida Field Office submits its analysis of the current situation to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the Florida objective yield survey data and their analyses to prepare the published December 1 forecast. The December 1 orange production forecasts for California and Texas were carried forward from October. Revision policy: The December 1 production forecasts will not be revised. For cotton, a new estimate will be made in January followed by end-of-season revisions in May. Administrative records are reviewed and revisions are made, if data relationships warrant changes. Harvested acres may be revised any time a production forecast is made, if there is strong evidence that the intended harvested area has changed since the last estimate. For oranges, the December 1 production forecasts will not be revised. A new forecast will be made each month throughout the growing season. End-of-season estimates will be published in the Citrus Fruits Summary released in August. The production estimates are based on all data available at the end of the marketing season, including information from marketing orders, shipments, and processor records. Allowances are made for recorded local utilization and home use. Reliability: To assist users in evaluating the reliability of the December 1 production forecasts, the "Root Mean Square Error," a statistical measure based on past performance, is computed. The deviation between the December 1 production forecast and the final estimate is expressed as a percentage of the final estimate. The average of squared percentage deviations for the latest 20-year period is computed. The square root of the average becomes statistically the "Root Mean Square Error." Probability statements can be made concerning expected differences in the current forecast relative to the final end-of-season estimate, assuming that factors affecting this year's forecast are not different from those influencing recent years. For example, the "Root Mean Square Error" for the December 1 Upland cotton production forecast is 3.3 percent. This means that chances are 2 out of 3 that the current cotton production forecast will not be above or below the final estimate by more than 3.3 percent. Chances are 9 out of 10 (90 percent confidence level) that the difference will not exceed 5.6 percent. Also, shown in the following table is a 20-year record for selected crops of the differences between the December 1 forecast and the final estimate. Using Upland cotton again as an example, changes between the December 1 forecast and the final estimate during the last 20 years have averaged 379,000 bales, ranging from 40,000 bales to 1,334,000 bales. The December 1 forecast for Upland cotton has been below the final estimate 8 times and above 12 times. This does not imply that the December 1 Upland cotton forecast this year is likely to understate or overstate final production. Reliability of December 1 Crop Production Forecasts [Based on data for the past twenty years] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : Difference between forecast : : : and final estimate : : :-------------------------------------------- : :90 percent : Production : Years Crop : Root mean :confidence :-------------------------------------------- :square error: interval : : : : Below : Above : : :Average :Smallest:Largest : final : final ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---- percent --- ------ millions ------ number : Oranges 1/ ...............tons: 7.5 13.0 377 21 1,012 3 17 Sugarcane ................tons: 3.9 6.7 1 (Z) 2 7 13 Upland cotton 1/ ........bales: 3.3 5.6 379 40 1,334 8 12 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (Z) Less than half of the unit shown. 1/ Quantity is in thousands of units. USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service Information Contacts Listed below are the commodity statisticians in the Crops Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to nass@usda.gov Chris Hawthorn, Acting Chief, Crops Branch........................................... (202) 720-2127 Chris Hawthorn, Head, Field Crops Section............................................ (202) 720-2127 Irwin Anolik - Crop Progress and Condition...................................... (202) 720-7621 Joshua Bates - Hemp, Oats, Soybeans............................................. (202) 690-3234 Natasha Bruton - Barley, Cotton System Consumption and Stocks, Grain Crushings.. (202) 690-1042 David Colwell - Fats and Oils, Flour Milling Products........................... (202) 720-8800 Michelle Harder - County Estimates, Hay......................................... (202) 690-8533 James Johanson - Rye, Wheat..................................................... (202) 720-8068 Greg Lemmons - Corn, Flaxseed, Proso Millet..................................... (202) 720-9526 Becky Sommer - Cotton, Cotton Ginnings, Sorghum................................. (202) 720-5944 Travis Thorson - Sunflower, Other Oilseeds...................................... (202) 720-7369 Jennifer Van Court - Peanuts, Rice.............................................. (202) 720-2127 Fleming Gibson, Head, Fruits, Vegetables and Special Crops Section................... (202) 720-2127 Deonne Holiday - Almonds, Carrots, Coffee, Cranberries, Garlic, Onions, Plums, Prunes, Tobacco............................................................... (202) 720-4288 Bret Holliman - Apricots, Chickpeas, Nectarines, Peaches, Snap Beans, Sweet Corn, Tomatoes................................................................. (202) 720-7235 Robert Little - Blueberries, Cabbage, Dry Beans, Lettuce, Macadamia, Maple Syrup, Pears, Raspberries, Spinach............................................. (202) 720-3250 Krishna Rizal - Artichokes, Asparagus, Celery, Grapefruit, Kiwifruit, Lemons, Mandarins and tangerines, Mint, Mushrooms, Olives, Oranges, Pistachios............... (202) 720-5412 Chris Singh - Apples, Cucumbers, Hazelnuts, Potatoes, Pumpkins, Squash, Strawberries, Sugarbeets, Sugarcane, Sweet Potatoes.......................... (202) 720-4285 Antonio Torres - Cantaloupes, Dry Edible Peas, Grapes, Green Peas, Honeydews, Lentils, Sweet Cherries, Tart Cherries, Walnuts, Watermelons.............. (202) 720-2157 Chris Wallace - Avocados, Bell Peppers, Broccoli, Cauliflower, Chile Peppers, Dates, Floriculture, Hops, Papayas, Pecans............................ 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