Crop Production ISSN: 1936-3737 Released November 8, 2024, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Corn Production Down Less Than 1 Percent from October Forecast Soybean Production Down 3 Percent Cotton Production Down Less Than 1 Percent Corn production for grain is forecast at 15.1 billion bushels, down less than 1 percent from the previous forecast and down 1 percent from 2023. Based on conditions as of November 1, yields are expected to average a record high 183.1 bushels per harvested acre, down 0.7 bushel from the previous forecast but up 5.8 bushels from last year. Area harvested for grain is forecast at 82.7 million acres, unchanged from the previous forecast but down 4 percent from the previous year. Soybean production for beans is forecast at 4.46 billion bushels, down 3 percent from the previous forecast but up 7 percent from 2023. Based on conditions as of November 1, yields are expected to average 51.7 bushels per acre, down 1.4 bushels from the previous forecast but up 1.1 bushels from 2023. Area harvested for beans in the United States is forecast at 86.3 million acres, unchanged from the previous forecast but up 5 percent from 2023. All cotton production is forecast at 14.2 million 480-pound bales, down slightly from the previous forecast but up 18 percent from 2023. Based on conditions as of November 1, yields are expected to average 789 pounds per harvested acre, unchanged from the previous forecast but down 110 pounds from 2023. Upland cotton production is forecast at 13.7 million 480-pound bales, up less than 1 percent from the previous forecast and up 17 percent from 2023. Pima cotton production is forecast at 481,000 bales, down 7 percent from the previous forecast but up 52 percent from 2023. This report was approved on November 8, 2024. Secretary of Agriculture Designate Seth Meyer Agricultural Statistics Board Chairperson Lance Honig Contents Corn for Grain Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted November 1, 2024............................................................................................. 5 Corn Production - United States Chart........................................................................ 6 Sorghum for Grain Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted November 1, 2024............................................................................................. 6 Rice Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted November 1, 2024.. 7 Rice Production by Class - United States: 2023 and Forecasted November 1, 2024............................... 7 Soybean Production - United States Chart..................................................................... 7 Soybeans for Beans Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted November 1, 2024............................................................................................. 8 Peanut Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted November 1, 2024............................................................................................. 9 Cottonseed Production - United States: 2023 and Forecasted November 1, 2024.................................. 9 Cotton Production - United States Chart...................................................................... 9 Cotton Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Type - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted November 1, 2024............................................................................................. 10 Sugarbeet Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted November 1, 2024............................................................................................. 11 Sugarcane for Sugar and Seed Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted November 1, 2024.................................................................................. 11 Potato Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2023 and 2024.................................. 12 Potato Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted November 1, 2024............................................................................................. 12 Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2023 and 2024...... 13 Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2023 and 2024........ 15 Fruits and Nuts Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2023 and 2024.................................. 17 Fruits and Nuts Production in Metric Units - United States: 2023 and 2024.................................... 18 Corn for Grain Plant Population per Acre - Selected States: 2020-2024........................................ 19 Corn for Grain Number of Ears per Acre - Selected States: 2020-2024.......................................... 20 Corn Objective Yield Percent of Samples Processed in the Lab - United States: 2020-2024...................... 20 Corn for Grain Percentage Distribution by Plant Population Per Acre - Selected States: 2020-2024............. 21 Corn for Grain Frequency of Farmer Reported Row Widths - Selected States: 2020-2024.......................... 22 Corn for Grain Percentage Distribution by Measured Row Width and Average Row Width - Selected States: 2020-2024............................................................................................ 23 Soybean Pods with Beans per 18 Square Feet - Selected States: 2020-2024...................................... 24 Soybean Frequency of Farmer Reported Row Widths - Selected States: 2020-2024................................. 25 Soybean Objective Yield Percent of Samples Processed in the Lab - United States: 2020-2024................... 26 Soybean Percentage Distribution by Measured Row Width and Average Row Width - Selected States: 2020-2024............................................................................................ 27 Percent of Normal Precipitation Map.......................................................................... 29 Departure from Normal Temperature Map........................................................................ 29 October Weather Summary...................................................................................... 30 October Agricultural Summary................................................................................. 31 Crop Comments................................................................................................ 32 Statistical Methodology...................................................................................... 35 Reliability of November 1 Crop Production Forecasts.......................................................... 36 Information Contacts......................................................................................... 37 Corn for Grain Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted November 1, 2024 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production :---------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : 2024 : : : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 :-----------------------: 2023 : 2024 : : : : October 1 :November 1 : : ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres ---------- bushels ---------- --- 1,000 bushels --- : Alabama .........: 320 270 164.0 100.0 100.0 52,480 27,000 Arkansas ........: 830 485 183.0 186.0 186.0 151,890 90,210 Colorado ........: 1,015 1,175 122.0 126.0 118.0 123,830 138,650 Delaware ........: 172 162 189.0 160.0 155.0 32,508 25,110 Georgia .........: 440 340 174.0 149.0 142.0 76,560 48,280 Idaho ...........: 115 125 203.0 215.0 207.0 23,345 25,875 Illinois ........: 11,050 10,650 206.0 222.0 218.0 2,276,300 2,321,700 Indiana .........: 5,310 5,060 203.0 202.0 209.0 1,077,930 1,057,540 Iowa ............: 12,550 12,350 201.0 214.0 213.0 2,522,550 2,630,550 Kansas ..........: 5,150 5,800 119.0 138.0 138.0 612,850 800,400 : Kentucky ........: 1,500 1,280 187.0 186.0 180.0 280,500 230,400 Louisiana .......: 680 445 175.0 189.0 189.0 119,000 84,105 Maryland ........: 440 405 165.0 133.0 130.0 72,600 52,650 Michigan ........: 2,060 1,900 168.0 179.0 179.0 346,080 340,100 Minnesota .......: 8,180 7,650 185.0 183.0 183.0 1,513,300 1,399,950 Mississippi .....: 770 475 181.0 187.0 187.0 139,370 88,825 Missouri ........: 3,670 3,260 153.0 185.0 182.0 561,510 593,320 Nebraska ........: 9,500 9,700 182.0 196.0 194.0 1,729,000 1,881,800 New York ........: 600 570 159.0 168.0 164.0 95,400 93,480 North Carolina ..: 900 840 147.0 88.0 86.0 132,300 72,240 : North Dakota ....: 3,800 3,640 143.0 144.0 149.0 543,400 542,360 Ohio ............: 3,400 3,170 198.0 183.0 185.0 673,200 586,450 Oklahoma ........: 340 390 149.0 136.0 130.0 50,660 50,700 Pennsylvania ....: 680 675 157.0 139.0 139.0 106,760 93,825 South Carolina ..: 350 325 150.0 95.0 90.0 52,500 29,250 South Dakota ....: 5,620 5,260 152.0 163.0 166.0 854,240 873,160 Tennessee .......: 890 660 173.0 153.0 153.0 153,970 100,980 Texas ...........: 2,100 1,780 122.0 121.0 112.0 256,200 199,360 Virginia ........: 370 350 157.0 103.0 95.0 58,090 33,250 Washington ......: 75 89 240.0 235.0 235.0 18,000 20,915 Wisconsin .......: 3,140 2,940 176.0 182.0 181.0 552,640 532,140 : Other States 1/ .: 489 489 166.8 159.9 159.9 81,557 78,174 : United States ...: 86,506 82,710 177.3 183.8 183.1 15,340,520 15,142,749 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Other States include Arizona, California, Florida, Montana, New Jersey, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, West Virginia, and Wyoming. Individual State level estimates will be published in the "Crop Production 2024 Summary." Sorghum for Grain Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted November 1, 2024 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production :------------------------------------------------------------------------------ State : : : : 2024 : : : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 :-----------------------: 2023 : 2024 : : : : October 1 :November 1 : : --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres --------- bushels --------- 1,000 bushels : Colorado ...........: 460 430 32.0 36.0 40.0 14,720 17,200 Kansas .............: 3,250 2,700 52.0 61.0 65.0 169,000 175,500 Nebraska ...........: 225 230 73.0 82.0 95.0 16,425 21,850 Oklahoma ...........: 350 285 47.0 38.0 37.0 16,450 10,545 South Dakota .......: 280 280 90.0 78.0 86.0 25,200 24,080 Texas ..............: 1,550 1,350 49.0 54.0 53.0 75,950 71,550 : United States ......: 6,115 5,275 52.0 57.7 60.8 317,745 320,725 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Rice Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted November 1, 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : 2024 : : : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 :-------------------------: 2023 : 2024 : : : : October 1 : November 1 : : ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres ------------ pounds ----------- ---- 1,000 cwt --- : Arkansas .....: 1,417 1,431 7,550 7,600 7,600 106,968 108,756 California ...: 512 485 8,590 8,650 8,650 43,971 41,953 Louisiana ....: 462 466 6,800 6,650 6,650 31,431 30,989 Mississippi ..: 120 156 7,470 7,500 7,500 8,964 11,700 Missouri .....: 200 214 7,990 7,700 7,700 15,985 16,478 Texas ........: 143 144 7,670 6,900 6,900 10,972 9,936 : United States : 2,854 2,896 7,649 7,590 7,590 218,291 219,812 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Includes sweet rice production. Rice Production by Class - United States: 2023 and Forecasted November 1, 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : Year : Long grain : Medium grain : Short grain 1/ : All : : : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 cwt : 2023 .......: 153,871 63,217 1,203 218,291 2024 2/ ....: 166,808 51,481 1,523 219,812 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Sweet rice production included with short grain. 2/ The 2024 rice production by class forecasts are based on class harvested acreage estimates and the 5-year average class yield compared to the all rice yield. Soybeans for Beans Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted November 1, 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production :------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : 2024 : : : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 :-----------------------: 2023 : 2024 : : : : October 1 :November 1 : : ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres --------- bushels --------- -- 1,000 bushels -- : Alabama .........: 340 355 43.0 31.0 28.0 14,620 9,940 Arkansas ........: 2,950 3,020 54.0 55.0 55.0 159,300 166,100 Delaware ........: 148 153 46.0 40.0 42.0 6,808 6,426 Georgia .........: 155 165 43.0 39.0 40.0 6,665 6,600 Illinois ........: 10,300 10,750 63.0 67.0 65.0 648,900 698,750 Indiana .........: 5,480 5,780 61.0 60.0 62.0 334,280 358,360 Iowa ............: 9,880 9,970 58.0 64.0 61.0 573,040 608,170 Kansas ..........: 3,980 4,480 26.0 39.0 38.0 103,480 170,240 Kentucky ........: 1,820 2,040 55.0 51.0 48.0 100,100 97,920 Louisiana .......: 980 1,060 40.0 52.0 52.0 39,200 55,120 : Maryland ........: 460 485 47.0 46.0 43.0 21,620 20,855 Michigan ........: 2,020 2,180 46.0 52.0 51.0 92,920 111,180 Minnesota .......: 7,280 7,330 48.0 48.0 46.0 349,440 337,180 Mississippi .....: 2,130 2,270 56.0 58.0 56.0 119,280 127,120 Missouri ........: 5,520 5,830 48.0 51.0 47.0 264,960 274,010 Nebraska ........: 5,180 5,250 51.5 59.0 59.0 266,770 309,750 New Jersey ......: 98 103 43.0 38.0 38.0 4,214 3,914 New York ........: 340 365 51.0 55.0 55.0 17,340 20,075 North Carolina ..: 1,620 1,620 38.5 37.0 38.0 62,370 61,560 North Dakota ....: 6,160 6,600 35.5 38.0 38.0 218,680 250,800 : Ohio ............: 4,730 5,030 58.0 52.0 52.0 274,340 261,560 Oklahoma ........: 400 455 26.0 25.0 20.0 10,400 9,100 Pennsylvania ....: 560 600 47.0 41.0 43.0 26,320 25,800 South Carolina ..: 385 380 39.0 38.0 35.0 15,015 13,300 South Dakota ....: 5,070 5,400 44.0 47.0 45.0 223,080 243,000 Tennessee .......: 1,570 1,800 51.0 47.0 45.0 80,070 81,000 Texas ...........: 85 80 25.0 40.0 40.0 2,125 3,200 Virginia ........: 570 600 38.0 44.0 44.0 21,660 26,400 Wisconsin .......: 2,060 2,120 51.0 53.0 49.0 105,060 103,880 : United States ...: 82,271 86,271 50.6 53.1 51.7 4,162,057 4,461,310 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Peanut Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted November 1, 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : 2024 : : : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 :-----------------------: 2023 : 2024 : : : : October 1 :November 1 : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : --- 1,000 acres -- ----------- pounds ---------- --- 1,000 pounds --- : Alabama ..........: 171.0 186.0 2,760 3,300 3,200 471,960 595,200 Arkansas .........: 34.0 44.0 5,800 5,300 5,300 197,200 233,200 Florida ..........: 152.0 161.0 3,440 3,700 3,700 522,880 595,700 Georgia ..........: 769.0 845.0 4,080 3,800 3,900 3,137,520 3,295,500 Mississippi ......: 16.0 25.0 3,600 3,800 3,800 57,600 95,000 Missouri 1/ ......: (NA) 22.0 (NA) 5,000 5,000 (NA) 110,000 New Mexico 2/ ....: 9.0 (NA) 2,000 (NA) (NA) 18,000 (NA) North Carolina ...: 123.0 129.0 4,200 4,200 4,200 516,600 541,800 Oklahoma .........: 15.0 17.0 3,880 3,700 3,700 58,200 62,900 South Carolina ...: 74.0 80.0 4,050 3,900 4,000 299,700 320,000 Texas ............: 165.0 210.0 2,780 2,500 2,500 458,700 525,000 Virginia .........: 29.0 30.0 4,800 4,700 4,600 139,200 138,000 : United States ....: 1,557.0 1,749.0 3,775 3,683 3,723 5,877,560 6,512,300 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Estimates began in 2024. 2/ Estimates discontinued in 2024. Cottonseed Production - United States: 2023 and Forecasted November 1, 2024 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 1/ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 tons : United States ...: 3,644.0 4,335.0 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Based on a 3-year average lint-seed ratio. Cotton Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Type - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted November 1, 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production 1/ :-------------------------------------------------------------------------- Type and State : : : : 2024 : : : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 :-----------------------: 2023 : 2024 : : : : October 1 :November 1 : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -- 1,000 acres -- ---------- pounds ---------- 1,000 bales 2/ : Upland : Alabama .........: 374.0 395.0 937 851 814 730.0 670.0 Arizona .........: 75.0 95.0 1,331 1,516 1,491 208.0 295.0 Arkansas ........: 505.0 640.0 1,295 1,200 1,200 1,362.0 1,600.0 California ......: 12.8 21.6 2,025 2,000 1,778 54.0 80.0 Florida .........: 87.0 84.0 612 629 629 111.0 110.0 Georgia .........: 1,100.0 1,090.0 949 727 815 2,175.0 1,850.0 Kansas ..........: 94.0 120.0 761 760 760 149.0 190.0 Louisiana .......: 115.0 150.0 872 960 992 209.0 310.0 Mississippi .....: 395.0 515.0 1,083 1,118 1,118 891.0 1,200.0 Missouri ........: 330.0 380.0 1,361 1,238 1,263 936.0 1,000.0 : New Mexico ......: 17.0 27.0 649 711 889 23.0 50.0 North Carolina ..: 370.0 400.0 933 840 876 719.0 730.0 Oklahoma ........: 180.0 315.0 560 442 457 210.0 300.0 South Carolina ..: 207.0 220.0 937 818 818 404.0 375.0 Tennessee .......: 260.0 250.0 1,250 1,094 1,075 677.0 560.0 Texas ...........: 2,100.0 3,650.0 618 579 552 2,705.0 4,200.0 Virginia ........: 80.0 90.0 1,122 1,013 1,013 187.0 190.0 : United States ...: 6,301.8 8,442.6 895 778 779 11,750.0 13,710.0 : American Pima : Arizona .........: 16.0 14.0 900 891 891 30.0 26.0 California ......: 82.0 135.0 1,346 1,511 1,412 230.0 397.0 New Mexico ......: 16.8 14.0 800 686 617 28.0 18.0 Texas ...........: 23.0 29.0 584 745 662 28.0 40.0 : United States ...: 137.8 192.0 1,101 1,290 1,203 316.0 481.0 : All : Alabama .........: 374.0 395.0 937 851 814 730.0 670.0 Arizona .........: 91.0 109.0 1,255 1,436 1,414 238.0 321.0 Arkansas ........: 505.0 640.0 1,295 1,200 1,200 1,362.0 1,600.0 California ......: 94.8 156.6 1,438 1,579 1,462 284.0 477.0 Florida .........: 87.0 84.0 612 629 629 111.0 110.0 Georgia .........: 1,100.0 1,090.0 949 727 815 2,175.0 1,850.0 Kansas ..........: 94.0 120.0 761 760 760 149.0 190.0 Louisiana .......: 115.0 150.0 872 960 992 209.0 310.0 Mississippi .....: 395.0 515.0 1,083 1,118 1,118 891.0 1,200.0 Missouri ........: 330.0 380.0 1,361 1,238 1,263 936.0 1,000.0 : New Mexico ......: 33.8 41.0 724 702 796 51.0 68.0 North Carolina ..: 370.0 400.0 933 840 876 719.0 730.0 Oklahoma ........: 180.0 315.0 560 442 457 210.0 300.0 South Carolina ..: 207.0 220.0 937 818 818 404.0 375.0 Tennessee .......: 260.0 250.0 1,250 1,094 1,075 677.0 560.0 Texas ...........: 2,123.0 3,679.0 618 580 553 2,733.0 4,240.0 Virginia ........: 80.0 90.0 1,122 1,013 1,013 187.0 190.0 : United States ...: 6,439.6 8,634.6 899 789 789 12,066.0 14,191.0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Production ginned and to be ginned. 2/ 480-pound net weight bale. Sugarbeet Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted November 1, 2024 [Relates to year of intended harvest in all States except California] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production :--------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : 2024 : : : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 :-------------------------: 2023 : 2024 : : : : October 1 : November 1 : : ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : -- 1,000 acres -- ------------ tons ----------- -- 1,000 tons -- : California 1/ : 22.6 22.6 48.8 48.8 48.8 1,103 1,103 Colorado .....: 21.3 23.5 28.3 32.8 33.5 603 787 Idaho ........: 174.0 169.0 40.0 39.2 39.7 6,960 6,709 Michigan .....: 132.0 134.0 33.9 33.4 31.0 4,475 4,154 Minnesota ....: 438.0 401.0 28.7 30.9 29.9 12,571 11,990 Montana ......: 23.3 24.0 31.6 32.5 32.4 736 778 Nebraska .....: 46.6 46.7 28.6 31.2 31.4 1,333 1,466 North Dakota .: 228.0 211.0 26.8 30.7 31.6 6,110 6,668 Oregon .......: 10.7 10.4 36.4 37.3 40.1 389 417 Washington ...: 2.0 1.9 49.7 48.8 49.4 99 94 Wyoming ......: 28.8 31.0 29.4 32.6 33.4 847 1,035 : United States : 1,127.3 1,075.1 31.2 33.1 32.7 35,226 35,201 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Relates to year of planting for overwintered beets in southern California. Sugarcane for Sugar and Seed Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted November 1, 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area harvested : Yield per acre 1/ : Production 1/ :--------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : 2024 : : : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 :-------------------------: 2023 : 2024 : : : : October 1 : November 1 : : ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres ------------ tons ------------ -- 1,000 tons -- : Florida ......: 407.6 404.0 44.6 46.1 46.1 18,187 18,624 Louisiana ....: 505.5 520.0 30.1 32.2 32.0 15,208 16,640 Texas 2/ .....: 16.5 (NA) 22.5 (NA) (NA) 371 (NA) : United States : 929.6 924.0 36.3 38.3 38.2 33,766 35,264 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. 1/ Net tons. 2/ Estimates discontinued in 2024. Potato Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2023 and 2024 [Includes updates to planted and harvested area previously published] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : California .........: 23.0 21.0 22.8 20.9 Colorado ...........: 55.0 54.0 54.8 53.8 Florida ............: 20.0 17.0 19.8 16.8 Idaho ..............: 330.0 315.0 329.5 314.5 Maine ..............: 53.0 54.0 52.5 53.7 Michigan ...........: 50.0 51.0 49.0 50.5 Minnesota ..........: 46.0 43.0 45.7 42.5 Nebraska ...........: 22.0 21.0 21.9 20.9 North Dakota .......: 76.0 73.0 75.5 72.5 Oregon .............: 43.0 42.0 43.0 42.0 : Texas ..............: 15.0 15.0 14.6 14.5 Washington .........: 165.0 155.0 164.5 154.5 Wisconsin ..........: 68.0 67.0 67.5 66.0 : United States ......: 966.0 928.0 961.1 923.1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Forecasted. Potato Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted November 1, 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -- 1,000 acres -- ----- cwt ----- ---- 1,000 cwt ---- : California .........: 22.8 20.9 435 430 9,918 8,987 Colorado ...........: 54.8 53.8 385 395 21,098 21,251 Florida ............: 19.8 16.8 300 245 5,940 4,116 Idaho ..............: 329.5 314.5 435 430 143,333 135,235 Maine ..............: 52.5 53.7 320 340 16,800 18,258 Michigan ...........: 49.0 50.5 440 440 21,560 22,220 Minnesota ..........: 45.7 42.5 415 400 18,966 17,000 Nebraska ...........: 21.9 20.9 490 475 10,731 9,928 North Dakota .......: 75.5 72.5 350 320 26,425 23,200 Oregon .............: 43.0 42.0 620 625 26,660 26,250 : Texas ..............: 14.6 14.5 460 460 6,716 6,670 Washington .........: 164.5 154.5 630 645 103,635 99,653 Wisconsin ..........: 67.5 66.0 420 380 28,350 25,080 : United States ......: 961.1 923.1 458 453 440,132 417,848 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2023 and 2024 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2024 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area planted : Area harvested Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres : Grains and hay : Barley .................................: 3,109 2,373 2,574 1,875 Corn for grain 1/ ......................: 94,641 90,748 86,506 82,710 Corn for silage ........................: (NA) 6,461 Hay, all ...............................: (NA) (NA) 52,821 51,531 Alfalfa ..............................: (NA) (NA) 15,634 15,627 All other ............................: (NA) (NA) 37,187 35,904 Oats ...................................: 2,555 2,213 831 886 Proso millet ...........................: 619 450 572 Rice ...................................: 2,894 2,940 2,854 2,896 Rye ....................................: 2,293 2,206 322 402 Sorghum for grain 1/ ...................: 7,195 6,300 6,115 5,275 Sorghum for silage .....................: (NA) 384 Wheat, all .............................: 49,575 46,079 37,077 38,469 Winter ...............................: 36,699 33,390 24,558 26,103 Durum ................................: 1,676 2,064 1,604 2,036 Other spring .........................: 11,200 10,625 10,915 10,330 : Oilseeds : Canola .................................: 2,344.5 2,759.5 2,319.2 2,720.0 Cottonseed .............................: (X) (X) (X) (X) Flaxseed ...............................: 178 140 160 125 Mustard seed ...........................: 245.0 218.0 238.1 203.5 Peanuts ................................: 1,645.0 1,805.0 1,557.0 1,749.0 Rapeseed ...............................: 13.2 20.2 10.1 18.3 Safflower ..............................: 129.5 127.0 126.0 117.0 Soybeans for beans .....................: 83,600 87,100 82,271 86,271 Sunflower ..............................: 1,315.0 720.0 1,263.5 690.5 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops : Cotton, all ............................: 10,230.0 11,174.0 6,439.6 8,634.6 Upland ...............................: 10,083.0 10,975.0 6,301.8 8,442.6 American Pima ........................: 147.0 199.0 137.8 192.0 Sugarbeets .............................: 1,137.4 1,100.9 1,127.3 1,075.1 Sugarcane ..............................: (NA) (NA) 929.6 924.0 Tobacco ................................: (NA) (NA) 187.6 171.0 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas ..............................: 372.4 504.0 359.2 496.9 Dry edible beans .......................: 1,180.0 1,532.0 1,156.9 1,488.5 Dry edible peas ........................: 966.0 988.0 941.0 947.0 Lentils ................................: 546.0 936.0 523.0 900.0 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops ...................................: (NA) (NA) 54.3 44.8 Maple syrup ............................: (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Mushrooms ..............................: (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Peppermint oil .........................: (NA) 31.3 Potatoes ...............................: 966.0 928.0 961.1 923.1 Spearmint oil ..........................: (NA) 12.2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2023 and 2024 (continued) [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2024 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Yield per acre : Production Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : --------- 1,000 -------- : Grains and hay : Barley ..........................bushels: 72.3 76.7 186,127 143,836 Corn for grain ..................bushels: 177.3 183.1 15,340,520 15,142,749 Corn for silage ....................tons: 20.1 129,854 Hay, all ...........................tons: 2.25 2.46 118,769 126,846 Alfalfa ..........................tons: 3.19 3.45 49,916 53,975 All other ........................tons: 1.85 2.03 68,853 72,871 Oats ............................bushels: 68.6 76.5 57,045 67,793 Proso millet ....................bushels: 34.2 19,572 Rice 2/ .............................cwt: 7,649 7,590 218,291 219,812 Rye .............................bushels: 32.2 36.6 10,375 14,729 Sorghum for grain ...............bushels: 52.0 60.8 317,745 320,725 Sorghum for silage .................tons: 13.0 4,981 Wheat, all ......................bushels: 48.7 51.2 1,803,942 1,971,301 Winter ........................bushels: 50.6 51.7 1,242,368 1,348,930 Durum .........................bushels: 37.0 39.3 59,329 80,051 Other spring ..................bushels: 46.0 52.5 502,245 542,320 : Oilseeds : Canola ...........................pounds: 1,793 1,811 4,157,420 4,925,840 Cottonseed .........................tons: (X) (X) 3,644.0 4,335.0 Flaxseed ........................bushels: 18.5 2,961 Mustard seed .....................pounds: 627 149,305 Peanuts ..........................pounds: 3,775 3,723 5,877,560 6,512,300 Rapeseed .........................pounds: 2,003 20,230 Safflower ........................pounds: 1,036 130,570 Soybeans for beans ..............bushels: 50.6 51.7 4,162,057 4,461,310 Sunflower ........................pounds: 1,787 1,889 2,257,690 1,304,557 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops : Cotton, all 2/ ....................bales: 899 789 12,066.0 14,191.0 Upland 2/ .......................bales: 895 779 11,750.0 13,710.0 American Pima 2/ ................bales: 1,101 1,203 316.0 481.0 Sugarbeets .........................tons: 31.2 32.7 35,226 35,201 Sugarcane ..........................tons: 36.3 38.2 33,766 35,264 Tobacco ..........................pounds: 2,305 1,976 432,452 337,900 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas 2/ ........................cwt: 1,315 1,234 4,722 6,132 Dry edible beans 2/ .................cwt: 2,067 1,978 23,910 29,448 Dry edible peas 2/ ..................cwt: 1,922 2,036 18,086 19,278 Lentils 2/ ..........................cwt: 1,098 1,060 5,742 9,538 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops .............................pounds: 1,915 1,963 104,042.5 87,996.0 Maple syrup .....................gallons: (NA) (NA) 4,843 5,860 Mushrooms ........................pounds: (NA) (NA) 724,608 658,739 Peppermint oil ...................pounds: 90 2,811 Potatoes ............................cwt: 458 453 440,132 417,848 Spearmint oil ....................pounds: 126 1,541 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Area planted for all purposes. 2/ Yield in pounds. Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2023 and 2024 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2024 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : hectares : Grains and hay : Barley .........................: 1,258,180 960,330 1,041,670 758,790 Corn for grain 1/ ..............: 38,300,270 36,724,810 35,008,110 33,471,910 Corn for silage ................: (NA) 2,614,700 Hay, all 2/ ....................: (NA) (NA) 21,376,130 20,854,080 Alfalfa ......................: (NA) (NA) 6,326,920 6,324,090 All other ....................: (NA) (NA) 15,049,210 14,529,990 Oats ...........................: 1,033,980 895,580 336,300 358,560 Proso millet ...................: 250,500 182,110 231,480 Rice ...........................: 1,171,170 1,189,790 1,154,990 1,171,980 Rye ............................: 927,950 892,750 130,310 162,690 Sorghum for grain 1/ ...........: 2,911,740 2,549,550 2,474,680 2,134,740 Sorghum for silage .............: (NA) 155,400 Wheat, all 2/ ..................: 20,062,510 18,647,710 15,004,690 15,568,020 Winter .......................: 14,851,720 13,512,600 9,938,380 10,563,620 Durum ........................: 678,260 835,280 649,120 823,950 Other spring .................: 4,532,530 4,299,830 4,417,190 4,180,450 : Oilseeds : Canola .........................: 948,800 1,116,740 938,560 1,100,760 Cottonseed .....................: (X) (X) (X) (X) Flaxseed .......................: 72,030 56,660 64,750 50,590 Mustard seed ...................: 99,150 88,220 96,360 82,350 Peanuts ........................: 665,720 730,470 630,100 707,800 Rapeseed .......................: 5,340 8,170 4,090 7,410 Safflower ......................: 52,410 51,400 50,990 47,350 Soybeans for beans .............: 33,832,080 35,248,500 33,294,250 34,913,010 Sunflower ......................: 532,170 291,380 511,330 279,440 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops: Cotton, all 2/ .................: 4,139,980 4,522,010 2,606,040 3,494,340 Upland .......................: 4,080,490 4,441,470 2,550,280 3,416,640 American Pima ................: 59,490 80,530 55,770 77,700 Sugarbeets .....................: 460,290 445,520 456,210 435,080 Sugarcane ......................: (NA) (NA) 376,200 373,930 Tobacco ........................: (NA) (NA) 75,930 69,200 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas ......................: 150,710 203,960 145,360 201,090 Dry edible beans ...............: 477,530 619,990 468,190 602,380 Dry edible peas ................: 390,930 399,830 380,810 383,240 Lentils ........................: 220,960 378,790 211,650 364,220 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops ...........................: (NA) (NA) 21,980 18,030 Maple syrup ....................: (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Mushrooms ......................: (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Peppermint oil .................: (NA) 12,670 Potatoes .......................: 390,930 375,550 388,950 373,570 Spearmint oil ..................: (NA) 4,940 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2023 and 2024 (continued) [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2024 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Yield per hectare : Production Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : metric tons : Grains and hay : Barley .................................: 3.89 4.13 4,052,440 3,131,660 Corn for grain .........................: 11.13 11.49 389,667,160 384,643,540 Corn for silage ........................: 45.05 117,801,570 Hay, all 2/ ............................: 5.04 5.52 107,745,420 115,072,760 Alfalfa ..............................: 7.16 7.74 45,283,030 48,965,300 All other ............................: 4.15 4.55 62,462,390 66,107,460 Oats ...................................: 2.46 2.74 828,010 984,010 Proso millet ...........................: 1.92 443,890 Rice ...................................: 8.57 8.51 9,901,510 9,970,510 Rye ....................................: 2.02 2.30 263,540 374,130 Sorghum for grain ......................: 3.26 3.82 8,071,090 8,146,790 Sorghum for silage .....................: 29.08 4,518,690 Wheat, all 2/ ..........................: 3.27 3.45 49,095,260 53,650,020 Winter ...............................: 3.40 3.48 33,811,720 36,711,860 Durum ................................: 2.49 2.64 1,614,670 2,178,630 Other spring .........................: 3.09 3.53 13,668,870 14,759,530 : Oilseeds : Canola .................................: 2.01 2.03 1,885,770 2,234,320 Cottonseed .............................: (X) (X) 3,305,780 3,932,650 Flaxseed ...............................: 1.16 75,210 Mustard seed ...........................: 0.70 67,720 Peanuts ................................: 4.23 4.17 2,666,020 2,953,930 Rapeseed ...............................: 2.25 9,180 Safflower ..............................: 1.16 59,230 Soybeans for beans .....................: 3.40 3.48 113,272,630 121,416,960 Sunflower ..............................: 2.00 2.12 1,024,070 591,740 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops : Cotton, all 2/ .........................: 1.01 0.88 2,627,060 3,089,730 Upland ...............................: 1.00 0.87 2,558,260 2,985,000 American Pima ........................: 1.23 1.35 68,800 104,730 Sugarbeets .............................: 70.05 73.40 31,956,490 31,933,810 Sugarcane ..............................: 81.42 85.55 30,632,000 31,990,960 Tobacco ................................: 2.58 2.21 196,160 153,270 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas ..............................: 1.47 1.38 214,190 278,140 Dry edible beans .......................: 2.32 2.22 1,084,540 1,335,740 Dry edible peas ........................: 2.15 2.28 820,370 874,440 Lentils ................................: 1.23 1.19 260,450 432,640 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops ...................................: 2.15 2.20 47,190 39,910 Maple syrup ............................: (NA) (NA) 24,220 29,300 Mushrooms ..............................: (NA) (NA) 328,680 298,800 Peppermint oil .........................: 0.10 1,280 Potatoes ...............................: 51.33 50.74 19,964,050 18,953,270 Spearmint oil ..........................: 0.14 700 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Area planted for all purposes. 2/ Total may not add due to rounding. Fruits and Nuts Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2023 and 2024 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2023 crop year, except citrus which is for the 2023-2024 season. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Production Crop :----------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Citrus 1/ : Grapefruit ......................1,000 tons: 344 304 Lemons ..........................1,000 tons: 1,022 1,099 Oranges .........................1,000 tons: 2,758 2,619 Tangerines and mandarins ........1,000 tons: 1,117 1,019 : Noncitrus : Apples, commercial ..........million pounds: 11,110.0 Apricots ..............................tons: 36,000 Avocados ..............................tons: Blueberries, Cultivated .......1,000 pounds: Blueberries, Wild (Maine) .....1,000 pounds: Cherries, Sweet .......................tons: 355,000 Cherries, Tart ..............million pounds: 222.0 Coffee (Hawaii) ...............1,000 pounds: Cranberries .........................barrel: 8,240,000 : Dates .................................tons: Grapes ................................tons: 6,365,000 Kiwifruit (California) ................tons: Nectarines (California) ...............tons: Olives (California) ...................tons: Papayas (Hawaii) ..............1,000 pounds: Peaches ...............................tons: 719,000 Pears .................................tons: 520,000 Plums (California) ....................tons: Prunes (California) ...................tons: Raspberries, all .............1,000 pounds: Strawberries .....................1,000 cwt: : Nuts and miscellaneous : Almonds, shelled (California) .1,000 pounds: 2,800,000 Hazelnuts, in-shell (Oregon) ..........tons: Macadamias (Hawaii) ...........1,000 pounds: Pecans, in-shell ..............1,000 pounds: 270,900 Pistachios (California) .......1,000 pounds: Walnuts, in-shell (California) ........tons: 670,000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Production years are 2022-2023 and 2023-2024. Fruits and Nuts Production in Metric Units - United States: 2023 and 2024 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2023 crop year, except citrus which is for the 2023-2024 season. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Production Crop :----------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : metric tons : Citrus 1/ : Grapefruit ................................: 312,070 275,780 Lemons ....................................: 927,140 997,000 Oranges ...................................: 2,502,020 2,375,920 Tangerines and mandarins ..................: 1,013,330 924,420 : Noncitrus : Apples, commercial ........................: 5,039,410 Apricots ..................................: 32,660 Avocados ..................................: Blueberries, Cultivated ...................: Blueberries, Wild (Maine) .................: Cherries, Sweet ...........................: 322,050 Cherries, Tart ............................: 100,700 Coffee (Hawaii) ...........................: Cranberries ...............................: 373,760 : Dates .....................................: Grapes ....................................: 5,774,230 Kiwifruit (California) ....................: Nectarines (California) ...................: Olives (California) .......................: Papayas (Hawaii) ..........................: Peaches ...................................: 652,270 Pears .....................................: 471,740 Plums (California) ........................: Prunes (California) .......................: Raspberries, all ..........................: Strawberries ..............................: : Nuts and miscellaneous : Almonds, shelled (California) .............: 1,270,060 Hazelnuts, in-shell (Oregon) ..............: Macadamias (Hawaii) .......................: Pecans, in-shell ..........................: 122,880 Pistachios (California) ...................: Walnuts, in-shell (California) ............: 607,810 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Production years are 2022-2023 and 2023-2024. Corn for Grain Objective Yield Data The National Agricultural Statistics Service is conducting objective yield surveys in 10 corn-producing States during 2024. Randomly selected plots in corn for grain fields are visited monthly from September through harvest to obtain specific counts and measurements. Data in these tables are rounded actual field counts from this survey. Corn for Grain Plant Population per Acre - Selected States: 2020-2024 [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : : :: State : : : : : and month : 2020 : 2021 : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 :: and month : 2020 : 2021 : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : number :: : number : :: : Illinois : :: Nebraska : September .....: 30,600 31,550 32,050 32,550 31,850 :: All corn : October .......: 30,400 31,550 32,500 32,450 32,250 :: September ....: 27,450 26,750 26,450 26,600 25,950 November ......: 30,400 31,500 32,450 32,400 32,200 :: October ......: 27,450 26,650 26,250 26,700 25,800 Final .........: 30,400 31,500 32,450 32,400 :: November .....: 27,400 26,650 26,200 26,650 25,800 : :: Final ........: 27,400 26,650 26,200 26,650 Indiana : :: : September .....: 29,850 29,700 29,050 31,000 30,850 :: Irrigated : October .......: 29,800 29,650 28,550 30,800 30,650 :: September ....: 29,950 29,350 29,000 29,650 28,300 November ......: 29,850 29,750 28,600 31,100 30,600 :: October ......: 30,100 29,300 28,950 29,600 28,150 Final .........: 29,850 29,750 28,600 31,100 :: November .....: 30,100 29,300 28,850 29,550 28,050 : :: Final ........: 30,100 29,300 28,850 29,550 Iowa : :: : September .....: 31,050 31,850 31,750 32,250 30,900 :: Non-irrigated : October .......: 31,000 31,850 31,550 31,900 30,500 :: September ....: 24,950 24,050 23,850 23,450 23,000 November ......: 31,050 31,800 31,600 31,950 30,600 :: October ......: 24,750 24,000 23,500 23,650 22,850 Final .........: 31,050 31,800 31,600 31,950 :: November .....: 24,700 23,950 23,500 23,700 23,000 : :: Final ........: 24,700 23,950 23,500 23,700 Kansas : :: : September .....: 21,700 22,050 22,600 23,800 21,700 :: Ohio : October .......: 21,650 21,550 23,200 23,400 21,650 :: September .....: 29,800 30,400 29,400 30,050 31,300 November ......: 21,650 21,800 23,350 23,600 21,750 :: October .......: 29,900 30,050 29,350 29,900 31,250 Final .........: 21,650 21,800 23,350 23,600 :: November ......: 29,900 30,050 29,700 29,650 31,150 : :: Final .........: 29,850 30,050 29,700 29,650 Minnesota : :: : September .....: 31,750 30,750 31,300 31,300 30,200 :: South Dakota : October .......: 31,800 30,700 31,250 31,450 30,500 :: September .....: 25,450 26,150 26,400 26,050 25,650 November ......: 31,800 30,700 31,300 31,450 30,550 :: October .......: 25,400 26,100 26,200 26,150 25,350 Final .........: 31,800 30,700 31,300 31,450 :: November ......: 25,550 25,750 25,900 26,100 25,400 : :: Final .........: 25,550 25,750 25,900 26,100 Missouri : :: : September .....: 28,200 27,250 27,500 27,350 28,500 :: Wisconsin : October .......: 28,150 27,400 27,100 27,300 28,150 :: September .....: 30,300 29,900 30,700 30,300 30,350 November ......: 28,200 27,350 27,200 27,400 28,150 :: October .......: 30,400 29,550 30,300 29,900 30,300 Final .........: 28,200 27,350 27,200 27,400 :: November ......: 30,300 29,400 30,200 30,050 30,450 : :: Final .........: 30,300 29,400 30,200 30,000 : :: : : :: 10 State : : :: September .....: 29,000 29,100 29,250 29,650 28,900 : :: October .......: 28,950 29,000 29,200 29,500 28,800 : :: November ......: 28,950 29,000 29,200 29,550 28,850 : :: Final .........: 28,950 29,000 29,200 29,550 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Corn for Grain Number of Ears per Acre - Selected States: 2020-2024 [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : : :: State : : : : : and month : 2020 : 2021 : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 :: and month : 2020 : 2021 : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : number :: : number : :: : Illinois : :: Nebraska : September .....: 29,900 31,100 31,500 32,250 31,500 :: All corn : October .......: 29,800 31,050 31,850 32,050 31,900 :: September ....: 26,800 26,650 25,850 26,300 26,300 November ......: 29,800 31,050 31,800 32,000 31,850 :: October ......: 26,850 26,950 25,000 26,700 25,750 Final .........: 29,800 31,050 31,800 32,000 :: November .....: 26,750 26,800 24,950 26,600 25,800 : :: Final ........: 26,750 26,800 24,950 26,600 Indiana : :: : September .....: 29,600 29,700 28,700 30,700 31,700 :: Irrigated : October .......: 29,600 29,750 28,400 30,950 30,850 :: September ....: 28,900 29,000 28,900 29,350 28,400 November ......: 29,600 29,900 28,500 30,950 30,750 :: October ......: 28,850 29,600 28,350 29,800 27,750 Final .........: 29,600 29,900 28,500 30,950 :: November .....: 28,800 29,500 28,300 29,700 27,750 : :: Final ........: 28,800 29,500 28,300 29,700 Iowa : :: : September .....: 30,600 31,750 30,850 32,050 31,100 :: Non-irrigated : October .......: 30,450 31,800 30,800 31,700 30,450 :: September ....: 24,650 24,250 22,700 23,150 23,600 November ......: 30,550 31,800 30,800 31,750 30,500 :: October ......: 24,800 24,200 21,600 23,500 23,200 Final .........: 30,550 31,800 30,800 31,750 :: November .....: 24,700 24,050 21,600 23,450 23,300 : :: Final ........: 24,700 24,050 21,600 23,450 Kansas : :: : September .....: 22,050 22,250 22,800 23,500 21,350 :: Ohio : October .......: 21,250 21,450 22,300 22,800 20,850 :: September .....: 29,350 30,650 29,250 29,850 30,800 November ......: 21,250 21,700 22,100 23,150 21,000 :: October .......: 29,700 30,350 29,250 30,400 30,550 Final .........: 21,250 21,700 22,100 23,150 :: November ......: 29,700 30,350 29,550 29,950 30,450 : :: Final .........: 29,650 30,350 29,500 29,950 Minnesota : :: : September .....: 31,750 30,800 31,200 31,350 30,150 :: South Dakota : October .......: 31,850 30,650 31,450 31,300 30,450 :: September .....: 25,550 26,250 25,300 25,900 26,200 November ......: 31,850 30,600 31,450 31,300 30,450 :: October .......: 25,550 26,150 24,700 25,950 25,300 Final .........: 31,850 30,600 31,450 31,300 :: November ......: 25,700 25,400 24,250 26,150 25,250 : :: Final .........: 25,700 25,400 24,250 26,150 Missouri : :: : September .....: 27,650 26,900 26,300 26,500 28,450 :: Wisconsin : October .......: 27,600 26,950 26,200 26,300 27,950 :: September .....: 30,050 30,100 29,900 30,450 30,050 November ......: 27,650 26,950 26,300 26,350 27,900 :: October .......: 30,400 29,500 29,550 30,200 30,400 Final .........: 27,650 26,950 26,300 26,350 :: November ......: 30,350 29,400 29,400 30,200 30,400 : :: Final .........: 30,350 29,400 29,400 30,200 : :: : : :: 10-State : : :: September .....: 28,650 29,050 28,650 29,400 28,950 : :: October .......: 28,600 28,950 28,500 29,350 28,650 : :: November ......: 28,600 28,850 28,450 29,350 28,650 : :: Final .........: 28,600 28,850 28,450 29,350 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Corn Objective Yield Percent of Samples Processed in the Lab - United States: 2020-2024 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : October : November Year :----------------------------------------------------------- :Dent stage 1/ : Mature 2/ :Dent stage 1/ : Mature 2/ --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : 2020 ..........: 25 68 (Z) 96 2021 ..........: 22 69 (Z) 94 2022 ..........: 38 50 (Z) 94 2023 ..........: 26 60 1 95 2024 ..........: 29 54 (Z) 96 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- (Z) Less than half of the unit shown. 1/ Includes corn in the dent stage of development. Ears are firm and solid. Kernels fully dented with no milk present in most kernels. 2/ Includes that portion of the crop that is mature and ready for harvest. No green foliage is present. Corn for Grain Percentage Distribution by Plant Population Per Acre - Selected States: 2020-2024 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Plant populations State and year :----------------------------------------------------------- :Less than: 20,000- : 22,501- : 25,001- : 27,501- :More than : 20,000 : 22,500 : 25,000 : 27,500 : 30,000 : 30,000 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent : Illinois ...............2020: 0.6 1.9 5.8 13.5 16.0 62.2 2021: 1.6 0.8 1.6 7.1 19.0 69.9 2022: - - 1.6 6.5 14.6 77.3 2023: 0.8 0.8 2.3 2.3 15.6 78.2 2024: - 0.9 0.9 5.5 13.8 78.9 : Indiana ................2020: 1.3 3.8 5.1 12.8 19.2 57.8 2021: 1.6 1.6 6.3 14.3 25.4 50.8 2022: 3.7 5.6 7.4 14.8 22.2 46.3 2023: - 1.5 1.5 11.9 20.9 64.2 2024: 1.6 4.9 1.6 6.6 19.7 65.6 : Iowa ...................2020: 4.3 9.4 21.7 64.6 2021: - 1.6 2.4 5.5 12.6 77.9 2022: 0.7 0.7 0.7 3.3 17.6 77.0 2023: 0.7 - 0.7 8.1 16.8 73.7 2024: 1.5 3.0 4.5 7.6 18.2 65.2 : Kansas .................2020: 30.1 14.5 12.7 13.6 16.4 12.7 2021: 26.3 13.1 24.2 15.2 9.1 12.1 2022: 19.2 9.6 20.5 11.0 20.5 19.2 2023: 13.8 13.8 20.0 12.5 26.1 13.8 2024: 23.9 17.9 28.3 7.5 13.4 9.0 : Minnesota ..............2020: - 0.8 2.3 3.8 19.5 73.6 2021: 1.1 4.3 2.2 4.3 28.3 59.8 2022: 1.8 2.6 1.8 7.0 14.9 71.9 2023: 2.0 2.9 2.9 10.8 9.8 71.6 2024: 1.2 1.2 5.9 4.7 22.4 64.6 : Missouri ...............2020: 2.7 0.9 10.9 22.7 32.8 30.0 2021: 2.6 5.3 14.5 18.4 44.7 14.5 2022: 6.4 9.0 17.9 10.3 28.2 28.2 2023: 7.6 5.1 16.5 8.9 35.3 26.6 2024: 2.4 2.4 15.9 13.4 34.2 31.7 : Nebraska ...............2020: 10.8 8.8 8.8 8.8 23.0 39.8 2021: 15.8 2.5 14.2 14.2 20.0 33.3 2022: 7.0 13.2 10.9 16.3 26.2 26.4 2023: 11.7 10.8 5.0 17.5 26.7 28.3 2024: 16.9 12.1 12.1 14.5 16.1 28.3 : Ohio ...................2020: - - 14.4 13.6 26.3 45.7 2021: 2.3 1.1 4.6 9.2 32.2 50.6 2022: 2.4 3.5 3.5 15.3 28.2 47.1 2023: 2.9 6.9 7.8 11.8 17.6 53.0 2024: 1.2 - 3.5 8.1 18.6 68.6 : South Dakota ...........2020: 13.7 9.6 21.9 21.9 13.7 19.2 2021: 14.5 1.8 21.8 25.5 20.0 16.4 2022: 8.3 12.5 18.8 27.0 16.7 16.7 2023: 10.0 10.0 18.0 18.0 20.0 24.0 2024: 13.5 15.4 11.5 26.9 15.4 17.3 : Wisconsin ..............2020: 1.4 1.4 8.1 6.8 23.0 59.3 2021: 1.5 4.5 4.5 10.6 28.8 50.1 2022: 4.2 4.2 - 14.1 16.9 60.6 2023: - 1.4 5.7 17.1 21.4 54.4 2024: - - 6.6 11.5 24.6 57.3 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. Corn for Grain Frequency of Farmer Reported Row Widths - Selected States: 2020-2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Row width (inches) State and year :--------------------------------------------------------------- : Less than : : : : More than : 30 : 30 : 36 : 38 : 38 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : number : Illinois ...............2020: 8 148 2 - - 2021: 3 127 - - - 2022: 1 126 2 - - 2023: 8 124 1 - - 2024: 4 112 - - - : Indiana ................2020: 2 79 1 - - 2021: 1 63 - - - 2022: 1 57 - - - 2023: 2 69 - - - 2024: 4 60 - - 1 : Iowa ...................2020: 9 140 5 3 - 2021: 4 126 2 - - 2022: 6 149 - - - 2023: 5 145 1 - - 2024: 9 127 1 - - : Kansas .................2020: 2 110 - - - 2021: 14 91 - - - 2022: 4 85 - - - 2023: 3 91 - - 1 2024: 1 85 - - - : Minnesota ..............2020: 25 109 - 1 - 2021: 22 73 - 1 - 2022: 17 99 1 - - 2023: 24 76 2 1 - 2024: 16 81 - 1 - : Missouri ...............2020: 7 99 - 5 - 2021: 2 72 1 5 - 2022: 5 69 1 4 - 2023: 1 73 3 1 - 2024: 3 82 - 2 - : Nebraska ...............2020: 2 138 15 - - 2021: - 108 20 - - 2022: 1 134 14 - - 2023: 2 119 12 1 - 2024: 5 125 8 - - : Ohio ...................2020: 5 113 - - - 2021: 3 83 1 - - 2022: 5 86 - - - 2023: 5 96 1 1 - 2024: 3 82 1 - - : South Dakota ...........2020: 11 62 2 2 - 2021: 3 55 2 - - 2022: 6 45 1 - - 2023: 3 51 1 1 - 2024: 5 54 - - - : Wisconsin ..............2020: 3 78 1 2 - 2021: 2 71 2 2 - 2022: 2 72 1 1 - 2023: 2 70 5 - - 2024: 2 67 2 1 - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. Corn for Grain Percentage Distribution by Measured Row Width and Average Row Width - Selected States: 2020-2024 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Row width (inches) : State and year :Samples :-----------------------------------------------:Average : : 20.5 : 20.6- :30.6- :34.6- : 36.6- :38.6 or : row : :or less : 30.5 : 34.5 : 36.5 : 38.5 :greater : width ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : number ----------------- percent ---------------- inches : Illinois ...............2020: 156 2.6 85.2 10.9 - 1.3 - 29.8 2021: 126 1.6 80.1 18.3 - - - 30.0 2022: 123 - 82.1 16.3 1.6 - - 30.1 2023: 128 3.1 83.6 13.3 - - - 29.8 2024: 109 1.8 86.3 11.9 - - - 29.8 : Indiana ................2020: 78 1.3 80.7 16.7 - 1.3 - 30.2 2021: 63 1.6 79.4 19.0 - - - 30.1 2022: 54 - 72.2 27.8 - - - 30.3 2023: 67 1.5 71.6 26.9 - - - 30.0 2024: 61 - 78.7 16.4 - 3.3 1.6 30.7 : Iowa ...................2020: 138 2.9 79.7 11.6 2.9 2.9 - 30.1 2021: 127 3.9 82.7 12.6 0.8 - - 29.7 2022: 153 2.6 78.4 19.0 - - - 29.9 2023: 149 1.3 75.8 21.5 0.7 0.7 - 30.1 2024: 132 3.0 87.1 8.3 0.8 0.8 - 29.6 : Kansas .................2020: 110 1.8 78.2 20.0 - - - 29.7 2021: 99 3.0 83.9 13.1 - - - 29.9 2022: 73 4.1 78.1 17.8 - - - 29.5 2023: 80 2.5 81.2 12.5 2.5 1.3 - 29.9 2024: 67 - 86.6 11.9 1.5 - - 30.1 : Minnesota ..............2020: 133 - 84.9 14.3 - - 0.8 28.9 2021: 92 3.3 88.0 7.6 - 1.1 - 28.5 2022: 114 - 83.3 15.8 0.9 - - 29.2 2023: 102 4.9 82.3 10.8 1.0 - 1.0 28.5 2024: 85 3.5 89.4 5.9 - - 1.2 28.8 : Missouri ...............2020: 110 5.5 80.9 10.9 - 2.7 - 29.6 2021: 76 2.6 76.3 13.2 1.3 6.6 - 30.5 2022: 78 3.8 69.2 19.2 2.6 2.6 2.6 30.8 2023: 79 1.3 81.0 12.7 2.5 2.5 - 30.4 2024: 82 2.4 83.0 12.2 - 1.2 1.2 30.1 : Nebraska ...............2020: 148 - 67.6 23.0 7.4 2.0 - 30.8 2021: 120 - 69.2 15.8 14.2 0.8 - 30.9 2022: 129 0.8 65.8 24.0 7.8 1.6 - 30.8 2023: 120 - 68.3 21.7 5.0 5.0 - 30.8 2024: 124 1.6 64.6 29.0 2.4 2.4 - 30.5 : Ohio ...................2020: 118 1.7 88.1 10.2 - - - 29.9 2021: 87 3.4 82.9 12.6 1.1 - - 29.9 2022: 85 4.7 87.1 8.2 - - - 29.7 2023: 102 3.9 77.4 16.7 1.0 1.0 - 29.9 2024: 86 2.3 89.5 7.0 1.2 - - 29.9 : South Dakota ...........2020: 73 5.5 72.6 15.1 2.7 1.4 2.7 29.8 2021: 55 1.8 76.4 14.5 1.8 5.5 - 30.2 2022: 48 6.3 79.1 10.4 2.1 2.1 - 29.3 2023: 50 4.0 64.0 28.0 2.0 2.0 - 30.1 2024: 52 7.7 71.1 21.2 - - - 29.3 : Wisconsin ..............2020: 74 - 75.6 18.9 2.7 1.4 1.4 30.4 2021: 66 - 71.3 22.7 1.5 4.5 - 30.5 2022: 71 - 63.4 31.0 2.8 1.4 1.4 30.6 2023: 70 - 72.8 24.3 2.9 - - 30.3 2024: 61 - 80.4 16.4 1.6 - 1.6 29.6 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. Soybean Objective Yield Data The National Agricultural Statistics Service is conducting objective yield surveys in 11 soybean-producing States during 2024. Randomly selected plots in soybean fields are visited monthly from September through harvest to obtain specific counts and measurements. Data in these tables are actual field counts from this survey. Soybean Pods with Beans per 18 Square Feet - Selected States: 2020-2024 [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : : :: State : : : : : and month : 2020 : 2021 : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 :: and month : 2020 : 2021 : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : number :: : number : :: : Arkansas : :: Missouri : September .....: 1,630 1,449 1,721 2,043 1,666 :: September .....: 1,977 1,925 1,736 2,099 2,034 October .......: 1,527 1,501 1,746 1,844 1,667 :: October .......: 2,093 1,886 1,606 1,991 2,044 November ......: 1,459 1,583 1,711 1,856 1,650 :: November ......: 2,036 2,047 1,880 2,062 2,022 Final .........: 1,418 1,623 1,711 1,824 :: Final .........: 2,041 2,121 1,875 2,058 : :: : Illinois : :: Nebraska : September .....: 2,019 2,080 1,896 1,952 1,938 :: September .....: 1,943 1,887 1,592 1,644 1,977 October .......: 2,127 2,120 1,888 2,085 2,167 :: October .......: 2,002 2,069 1,597 1,678 1,873 November ......: 2,170 2,222 2,010 2,121 2,167 :: November ......: 1,980 2,148 1,586 1,709 1,886 Final .........: 2,170 2,227 2,011 2,121 :: Final .........: 1,980 2,148 1,586 1,709 : :: : Indiana : :: North Dakota : September .....: 2,056 1,846 1,655 1,927 1,978 :: September .....: 1,242 1,055 1,281 1,250 1,352 October .......: 1,994 1,811 1,749 1,998 2,005 :: October .......: 1,439 1,014 1,298 1,203 1,435 November ......: 1,963 1,822 1,763 1,962 1,914 :: November ......: 1,442 1,009 1,357 1,408 1,485 Final .........: 1,959 1,836 1,773 1,962 :: Final .........: 1,442 1,009 1,357 1,404 : :: : Iowa : :: Ohio : September .....: 1,675 1,732 1,585 1,814 1,859 :: September .....: 1,811 2,060 1,798 1,847 1,797 October .......: 1,933 1,800 1,653 1,997 1,992 :: October .......: 1,972 1,989 1,890 2,003 1,957 November ......: 1,927 1,894 1,785 2,071 2,039 :: November ......: 1,983 2,074 1,788 2,030 1,929 Final .........: 1,927 1,890 1,780 2,070 :: Final .........: 1,981 2,116 1,780 2,030 : :: : Kansas : :: South Dakota : September .....: 1,650 1,404 1,456 1,500 1,365 :: September .....: 1,688 1,626 1,258 1,520 1,345 October .......: 1,699 1,480 1,400 1,372 1,366 :: October .......: 1,720 1,526 1,291 1,552 1,438 November ......: 1,629 1,551 1,392 1,500 1,256 :: November ......: 1,696 1,512 1,305 1,644 1,457 Final .........: 1,629 1,514 1,391 1,529 :: Final .........: 1,696 1,522 1,305 1,644 : :: : Minnesota : :: 11-State : September .....: 1,607 1,603 1,468 1,648 1,619 :: September .....: 1,780 1,717 1,604 1,755 1,746 October .......: 1,782 1,545 1,581 1,695 1,591 :: October .......: 1,882 1,725 1,628 1,799 1,820 November ......: 1,751 1,557 1,610 1,687 1,561 :: November ......: 1,866 1,788 1,690 1,856 1,812 Final .........: 1,751 1,557 1,610 1,667 :: Final .........: 1,865 1,798 1,689 1,854 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Soybean Frequency of Farmer Reported Row Widths - Selected States: 2020-2024 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Row width (inches) State and year :---------------------------------------------------------------- : Less than : : : : More than : 7.5 1/ : 7.5 : 15 : 30 : 30 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : number : Arkansas ...............2020: 5 14 14 36 49 2021: 2 13 16 29 42 2022: 6 18 15 31 44 2023: 2 10 10 51 44 2024: 3 9 21 23 63 : Illinois ...............2020: - 11 91 44 - 2021: 2 7 80 38 - 2022: 3 3 93 44 1 2023: 3 7 84 39 - 2024: - 7 83 32 - : Indiana ................2020: 1 11 87 8 - 2021: 1 14 60 8 - 2022: - 11 56 6 - 2023: - 11 68 11 - 2024: - 12 69 5 - : Iowa ...................2020: 1 8 63 85 3 2021: 2 3 61 69 1 2022: - 4 74 71 1 2023: - 3 65 74 - 2024: 1 2 64 67 - : Kansas .................2020: 1 9 19 27 - 2021: 1 12 15 16 1 2022: 1 5 24 19 - 2023: 1 6 18 21 - 2024: - 3 16 27 - : Minnesota ..............2020: 3 5 35 51 1 2021: 1 2 22 38 - 2022: 1 3 30 42 - 2023: - 3 18 40 - 2024: 1 - 28 38 - : Missouri ...............2020: - 13 63 20 11 2021: 1 6 48 21 5 2022: - 7 60 16 6 2023: 4 8 64 8 6 2024: - 11 56 30 2 : Nebraska ...............2020: - 8 39 58 1 2021: 1 9 31 50 4 2022: 2 5 25 52 7 2023: - 9 33 48 2 2024: 1 4 24 53 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Soybean Frequency of Farmer Reported Row Widths - Selected States: 2020-2024 (continued) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Row width (inches) State and year :---------------------------------------------------------------- : Less than : : : : More than : 7.5 1/ : 7.5 : 15 : 30 : 30 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : number : North Dakota ...........2020: 7 27 48 11 - 2021: - 16 55 13 - 2022: 6 24 47 15 - 2023: 1 26 41 14 - 2024: - 18 54 8 - : Ohio ...................2020: 3 30 82 5 - 2021: 2 21 64 3 1 2022: 7 25 71 5 1 2023: 2 13 82 8 - 2024: 1 9 78 2 - : South Dakota ...........2020: - - 43 44 - 2021: - 3 26 38 - 2022: - 4 22 47 1 2023: 1 5 27 37 1 2024: - 8 17 45 2 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. 1/ Includes broadcast soybeans. Soybean Objective Yield Percent of Samples Processed in the Lab - United States: 2020-2024 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : October : November Year :----------------------------------------------------------- : Mature 1/ : Mature 1/ --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : 2020 ..........: 64 94 2021 ..........: 61 92 2022 ..........: 42 90 2023 ..........: 51 91 2024 ..........: 55 96 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Includes soybeans with brown pods and are considered mature or almost mature. Soybean Percentage Distribution by Measured Row Width and Average Row Width - Selected States: 2020-2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Row width (inches) : State and year :Samples :--------------------------------------------:Average : :10.0 or : 10.1- : 18.6- : 28.6- :34.6 or : row : :less 1/ : 18.5 : 28.5 : 34.5 :greater :width 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : number ---------------- percent --------------- inches : Arkansas ...............2020: 121 12.8 11.2 3.3 25.6 47.1 29.9 2021: 105 11.9 15.2 6.2 30.5 36.2 27.9 2022: 113 13.3 14.6 2.7 25.7 43.7 28.3 2023: 118 10.6 5.5 4.2 39.9 39.8 30.4 2024: 116 6.7 13.0 4.2 22.7 53.4 29.8 : Illinois ...............2020: 147 7.2 49.4 10.6 32.1 0.7 20.3 2021: 128 5.5 56.9 5.5 31.3 0.8 19.9 2022: 144 1.0 55.8 13.9 27.9 1.4 20.3 2023: 131 3.8 52.4 13.7 29.0 1.1 20.6 2024: 120 4.6 57.5 12.1 25.8 - 19.3 : Indiana ................2020: 108 8.3 77.3 6.5 7.9 - 16.2 2021: 84 12.5 64.3 12.5 10.7 - 16.4 2022: 71 9.2 71.6 12.1 7.1 - 16.0 2023: 88 6.3 73.1 10.9 9.7 - 16.9 2024: 85 5.9 77.5 7.1 9.5 - 16.5 : Iowa ...................2020: 162 3.4 32.4 10.8 52.2 1.2 23.8 2021: 136 1.5 37.5 11.0 49.3 0.7 23.6 2022: 153 2.9 39.9 8.2 49.0 - 23.0 2023: 143 2.1 39.5 10.8 47.6 - 22.9 2024: 133 1.5 41.4 9.3 45.6 2.2 23.1 : Kansas .................2020: 57 5.3 50.9 2.6 37.7 3.5 21.1 2021: 49 12.2 46.0 7.1 34.7 - 19.8 2022: 48 9.4 44.7 4.2 41.7 - 20.9 2023: 42 - 44.2 14.0 39.5 2.3 22.1 2024: 43 2.3 31.8 4.5 61.4 - 23.6 : Minnesota ..............2020: 93 7.5 19.9 15.6 54.8 2.2 24.5 2021: 61 4.1 14.8 23.8 57.3 - 25.2 2022: 77 2.6 20.1 21.4 55.9 - 24.8 2023: 60 4.2 17.5 20.0 57.5 0.8 25.2 2024: 65 1.5 14.5 24.4 59.6 - 25.3 : Missouri ...............2020: 110 13.6 50.5 10.0 19.5 6.4 19.3 2021: 80 10.0 58.7 6.3 22.5 2.5 19.1 2022: 90 6.7 59.9 8.9 17.8 6.7 19.5 2023: 95 8.4 60.5 7.4 18.4 5.3 19.0 2024: 95 8.4 62.6 5.8 20.0 3.2 18.7 : Nebraska ...............2020: 107 5.2 32.4 10.8 50.7 0.9 22.9 2021: 96 7.3 30.7 8.3 48.5 5.2 23.2 2022: 87 6.9 21.8 4.6 59.8 6.9 25.9 2023: 90 5.0 26.8 14.5 48.7 5.0 24.2 2024: 76 3.9 28.6 5.8 61.7 - 24.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Soybean Percentage Distribution by Measured Row Width and Average Row Width - Selected States: 2020-2024 (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Row width (inches) : State and year :Samples :--------------------------------------------:Average : :10.0 or : 10.1- : 18.6- : 28.6- :34.6 or : row : :less 1/ : 18.5 : 28.5 : 34.5 :greater :width 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : number --------------- percent --------------- inches : North Dakota ...........2020: 92 21.7 48.9 17.4 12.0 - 16.1 2021: 85 18.2 44.1 27.1 10.6 - 17.2 2022: 95 23.2 47.3 12.6 15.3 1.6 16.9 2023: 81 21.1 42.3 21.1 15.5 - 17.3 2024: 76 10.8 53.7 24.7 10.8 - 17.0 : Ohio ...................2020: 121 25.6 67.0 3.3 4.1 - 14.1 2021: 92 25.0 67.3 3.3 3.3 1.1 14.1 2022: 107 19.6 72.5 2.8 4.2 0.9 14.7 2023: 105 11.9 75.7 6.7 5.7 - 15.7 2024: 89 7.9 85.3 3.4 3.4 - 15.2 : South Dakota ...........2020: 88 - 24.6 27.4 46.3 1.7 24.2 2021: 64 3.1 14.8 33.6 46.2 2.3 24.4 2022: 74 2.0 14.9 22.3 59.4 1.4 25.7 2023: 71 2.8 16.2 23.2 55.7 2.1 25.3 2024: 71 3.5 21.1 16.2 57.8 1.4 24.9 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. 1/ Broadcast soybeans included as "10.0 inches or less" but excluded in computation of average width. October Weather Summary The remnants of Hurricane Helene, which in late September had become entangled with a disturbance crossing the Mississippi Valley, drifted eastward across the middle Atlantic States, generating some early-month rain. Meanwhile, in the wake of historic, catastrophic, and deadly flooding in the southern Appalachians, search and recovery efforts advanced amid warm, mostly dry conditions. With more than 230 confirmed fatalities, many due to inland flooding, Helene became the deadliest Atlantic hurricane to strike the mainland United States since Katrina in 2005. Post-hurricane assessments and repairs extended to areas of the Southeast hit hard by Helene's high winds and-along a portion of Florida's Gulf Coast-a record-setting storm surge. The days following Helene's Southeastern deadly deluge were strikingly quiet. However, the tranquil regime was soon broken by the sudden arrival of Category 3 Hurricane Milton, which slammed into Florida's Gulf Coast near Sarasota on the evening of October 9 with maximum sustained winds estimated near 120 mph. Milton's interaction with an approaching cold front led to disastrous conditions-including high winds (gusts above 100 mph) and flooding rains (locally 12 to 20 inches)-occurring on the northern side of the storm, encompassing the Tampa Bay area. Milton also produced a storm surge exceeding 5 feet, with damaging water levels affecting coastal areas less than 2 weeks after Hurricane Helene had a similarly destructive impact on barrier islands in west-central Florida. At the height of the storm on the night of October 9-10, nearly 3.5 million customers-including farming operations-lost electricity. Damage extended to some of Florida's major crops, such as strawberries and citrus. Prior to landfall, Milton's eastern feeder bands spawned more than three dozen tornadoes on October 9, causing localized but devastating damage. In Milton's wake, major to record river flooding developed across portions of the middle section of Florida's peninsula. Most of the remainder of the country experienced a warm, dry October, with a few exceptions. The persistently warm, dry pattern was nearly ideal for fieldwork and summer crop maturation, with the Nation's soybean harvest advancing at its fastest pace since 2010. By October 27, nearly all (89 percent) the Nation's soybeans had been harvested, along with 81 percent of the corn, well ahead of the respective 5-year averages of 78 and 64 percent. The quick fieldwork pace extended to other crops, including sugarbeets (83 percent harvested by October 27, versus the 5-year average of 78 percent); cotton (52 vs. 46 percent); and sunflowers (47 vs. 40 percent). However, unlike corn and soybeans, which were largely mature when Midwestern drought intensified in September and October, cotton suffered through Southeastern hurricanes, especially Helene, and drought on the southern Plains, leaving only 33 percent of the crop in good to excellent condition by October 27. On October 27, national topsoil moisture rated very short to short, as reported by USDA/NASS, hit a 10-year high of 73 percent, topping the standard of 68 percent set the previous week and on October 23, 2022. The dryness led to some winter wheat planting and germination delays, with only 56 percent of the crop emerged by October 27, compared to the 5-year average of 61 percent. In the first winter wheat condition report of the season, on October 27, the Nation's winter wheat was categorized as being 38 percent good to excellent and 23 percent very poor to poor, marking the second-lowest national rating of the 21st century in the season's initial report. The only lower initial winter wheat rating occurred on October 30, 2022, when the crop was 28 percent good to excellent and 35 percent very poor to poor. Given the overarching dryness, national drought coverage increased by 22.58 percentage points during the 4-week period ending October 29, according to the U.S. Drought Monitor, rising from 31.50 to 54.08 percent. Drought coverage in the Lower 48 States had last been above 50 percent in December 2022. Furthermore, collective coverage of abnormal dryness (D0) and moderate to exceptional drought (D1 to D4) soared to 87.16 percent of the Lower 48 States by October 29, a Drought Monitor-era standard. The previous record of 85.28 percent had been set on November 1, 2022. The first occurrence of D0-to-D4 coverage exceeding 80 percent occurred during the summer of 2012, with a peak value of 80.76 percent on July 17, 2012. As October ended, rain had not yet reached the eastern United States. Accordingly, it was the driest October and month on record in numerous locations across the middle Atlantic States. Only a trace of October rain fell in Wilmington and Georgetown, Delaware; Trenton and Newark, New Jersey; and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania-the first time on record in all five cities that a month featured no measurable precipitation. Many communities across the Plains, South, and Midwest were also on track for a record-dry October, until the end of the month. Lafayette, Louisiana, received no measurable rain on 36 consecutive days starting September 25, but received 4.11 inches on the final day of October. Meridian, Mississippi, had a completely dry October until 2.81 inches fell on the month's final day. Still, late-month rain bypassed several Southern locations, with only a trace of October rain reported in Austin and College Station, Texas; Atlanta, Augusta, and Macon, Georgia; and Columbia, South Carolina. Farther north, an October 1-29 precipitation sum of a trace in Sioux City, Iowa, was followed by rainfall total of 0.62 inch on the final 2 days of the month. Warmth accompanied the dry pattern, especially across the western and central United States. Monthly temperatures generally averaged 4 to 8°F above normal across the Plains, Southwest, and upper Midwest. In the warmest areas, numerous records were set for the hottest weather so late in the season and greatest number of October days above a certain temperature threshold. In Arizona, for example, Tucson achieved a record with 13 days of 100-degree heat in October, eclipsing the mark of 8 triple-digit days in 2020. Meanwhile, somewhat cooler weather-relative to normal-prevailed in the East and Pacific Northwest, although near- or slightly above-normal October temperatures were still noted in both regions. October Agricultural Summary October was warmer than normal for most of the Nation. Large parts of the upper Midwest, Great Plains, Rockies, and Southwest recorded temperatures 6°F or more above normal for the month. While much of the Nation remained drier than normal, parts of Florida, the Southern Rockies, and Southwest recorded at least twice the normal of precipitation. Due in large part to Hurricane Milton, parts of Florida recorded 10 inches of rain or more. Areas near Washington's West Coast also recorded 10 inches of rain or more for the month. Eighty-seven percent of the Nation's corn acreage was mature by October 6, equal to last year but 6 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Thirty percent of the 2024 corn acreage was harvested by October 6, one percentage point behind last year but 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average harvest pace. On October 13, sixty-four percent of the Nation's corn acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, 11 percentage points above the same time last year. Ninety-eight percent of the Nation's corn acreage was mature by October 20, one percentage point ahead of last year and 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Sixty-five percent of the 2024 corn acreage was harvested by October 20, ten percentage points ahead of last year and 13 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average harvest pace. Ninety-one percent of the 2024 corn acreage was harvested by November 3, 13 percentage points ahead of last year and 16 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average harvest pace. Corn harvest progress was at or ahead of the 5-year average pace in all 18 estimating States. Nationally, leaf drop was 90 percent complete by October 6, one percentage point behind last year but 5 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Soybean harvest across the Nation was 47 percent complete by October 6, ten percentage points ahead of last year and 13 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. On October 6, sixty-three percent of the Nation's soybean acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, 12 percentage points above the same time last year. Soybean harvest across the Nation was 81 percent complete by October 20, nine percentage points ahead of last year and 14 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Soybean harvest across the Nation was 94 percent complete by November 3, five percentage points ahead of last year and 9 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Soybean harvest progress was ahead of the 5-year average pace in 16 of the 18 estimating States. Nationwide, producers had sown 51 percent of the intended 2025 winter wheat acreage by October 6, one percentage point behind both last year and the 5-year average. Nationwide, 25 percent of the winter wheat acreage had emerged by October 6, equal to both last year and the 5-year average. Nationwide, producers had sown 73 percent of the intended 2025 winter wheat acreage by October 20, one percentage point behind last year and 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Nationwide, 46 percent of the winter wheat acreage had emerged by October 20, three percentage points behind last year and 4 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Nationwide, producers had sown 87 percent of the intended 2025 winter wheat acreage by November 3, one percentage point behind last year and 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Winter wheat planting progress advanced by 20 percentage points for the week in Missouri. Nationwide, 66 percent of the winter wheat acreage had emerged by November 3, six percentage points behind last year and 5 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Winter wheat emergence advanced 11 percentage points or more in 9 of the 18 estimating States. As of November 3, forty-one percent of the 2025 winter wheat acreage was reported in good to excellent condition, 9 percentage points below the same time last year. By October 6, eighty-two percent of the Nation's cotton had open bolls, 2 percentage points ahead of both last year and the 5-year average. By October 6, twenty-six percent of the Nation's cotton acreage was harvested, 3 percentage points ahead of last year and 4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By October 20, ninety-four percent of the Nation's cotton had open bolls, 5 percentage points ahead of last year and 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By October 20, forty-four percent of the Nation's cotton acreage was harvested, 5 percentage points ahead of last year and 6 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. On October 27, thirty-three percent of the 2024 cotton acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, 4 percentage points above the same time last year. By November 3, sixty-three percent of the Nation's cotton acreage was harvested, 8 percentage points ahead of last year and 9 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Cotton harvest progress was ahead of the 5-year average pace in 13 of the 15 estimating States. By October 6, eighty percent of the Nation's sorghum acreage was mature, 2 percentage points ahead of last year and 4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Forty-three percent of the 2024 sorghum acreage had been harvested by October 6, two percentage points ahead of last year and 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Ninety-three percent of Texas's sorghum acreage had been harvested by October 6, six percentage points ahead of last year and 5 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Forty-four percent of the Nation's sorghum acreage was rated in good to excellent condition on October 13, two percentage points above the same time last year. By October 20, ninety-five percent of the Nation's sorghum acreage was mature, equal to last year but 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. Sixty-four percent of the 2024 sorghum acreage had been harvested by October 20, one percentage point ahead of last year and 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Eighty-five percent of the 2024 sorghum acreage had been harvested by November 3, two percentage points ahead of last year and 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Nationally, 86 percent of the rice acreage was harvested by October 6, six percentage points ahead of last year and 9 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Nationally, 96 percent of the rice acreage was harvested by October 20, six percentage points ahead of last year and 4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Nineteen percent of the Nation's peanut acreage was harvested as of October 6, five percentage points behind last year and 10 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Forty-four percent of the Nation's peanut acreage was harvested as of October 20, seven percentage points behind last year and 10 percentage points behind the 5-year average. On October 27, forty-nine percent of the Nation's peanut acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, 1 percentage point above the same time last year. Seventy-three percent of the Nation's peanut acreage was harvested as of November 3, three percentage points behind last year and 4 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By October 6, sugarbeet producers had harvested 23 percent of the Nation's crop, 4 percentage points ahead of last year but 5 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By October 20, sugarbeet producers had harvested 71 percent of the Nation's crop, five percentage points ahead of last year and 8 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By November 3, sugarbeet producers had harvested 93 percent of the Nation's crop, 1 percentage point ahead of last year and 5 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By October 6, four percent of this year's sunflower crop was harvested, 1 percentage point ahead of last year but 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By October 20, thirty percent of this year's sunflower crop was harvested, 7 percentage points ahead of last year and 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By November 3, sixty-five percent of this year's sunflower crop was harvested, 16 percentage points ahead of last year and 9 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Sunflower harvest progress was ahead of the 5-year average pace in all 4 estimating States. Crop Comments Corn: The 2024 area harvested for grain, forecast at 82.7 million acres, is unchanged from the previous forecast but down 4 percent from last year. Production for grain is forecast at 15.1 billion bushels, down less than 1 percent from the previous forecast and down 1 percent from last year. Based on conditions as of November 1, the yield is forecast at a record high 183.1 bushels per acre, down 0.7 bushel from the previous forecast but up 5.8 bushels from last year's final estimate of 177.3 bushels per acre. Record high yields are forecast in Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Louisiana, Michigan, Nebraska, South Dakota, and Wisconsin. Ninety-four percent of the Nation's corn acreage was mature by October 13, one percentage point ahead of last year and 5 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Forty-seven percent of the 2024 corn acreage was harvested by week's end, 5 percentage points ahead of last year and 8 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. On October 13, sixty-four percent of the Nation's corn acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, 11 percentage points above the previous year. Ninety-one percent of the 2024 corn acreage was harvested by November 3, thirteen percentage points ahead of last year and 16 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average harvest pace. Sorghum: Production is forecast at 321 million bushels, up 5 percent from the previous estimate and up 1 percent from last year. Area harvested for grain is forecast at 5.28 million acres, unchanged from the previous forecast but down 14 percent from 2023. Based on November 1 conditions, yield is forecast at 60.8 bushels per acre, 3.1 bushels above the previous estimate and up 8.8 bushels from the 2023 yield of 52.0 bushels per acre. Eighty-five percent of the 2024 sorghum acreage had been harvested by November 3, two percentage points ahead of last year and 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Harvest was complete in Texas and harvest progress was at or ahead of the average pace in all other estimating States, except Colorado, where harvest was just 1 percentage point behind normal. Rice: All rice production is forecast at 220 million cwt, unchanged from the previous forecast but up 1 percent from the previous year. Area for harvest is expected to total 2.90 million acres, unchanged from the previous estimate but up 1 percent from last year. Based on conditions as of November 1, the average United States yield is forecast at 7,590 pounds per acre, unchanged from the previous forecast, but down 59 pounds per acre from 2023. As of October 20, ninety-six percent of the Nation's rice acreage had been harvested, 6 percentage points ahead of the previous year and 4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Soybeans: Production is forecast at 4.46 billion bushels, down 3 percent from the previous estimate but up 7 percent from last year. Based on conditions as of November 1, yields are expected to average 51.7 bushels per acre, down 1.4 bushels from the previous forecast but up 1.1 bushels from last year. Area harvested for beans in the United States is forecast at 86.3 million acres, unchanged from the previous forecast but up 5 percent from 2023. Soybean harvest was 26 percent complete as of September 29, six percentage points ahead of last year and 8 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. As of November 3, harvest was 94 percent complete Nationwide, 5 percentage points ahead of last year and 9 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. At that time, harvest progress was at or ahead of the respective State 5-year average pace in 17 of the 18 States estimated in the Crop Progress report. Record high yields are forecast in Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Mississippi, New York, and Texas. Peanuts: Production is forecast at 6.51 billion pounds in 2024, up 1 percent from the previous forecast and up 9 percent from 2023 in comparable States. Area harvested is expected to total 1.75 million acres, unchanged from the previous forecast but up 12 percent from 2023 in comparable States. Based on conditions as of November 1, the average yield for the United States is forecast at 3,723 pounds per acre, up 40 pounds per acre from the previous forecast but down 78 pounds per acre from 2023 in comparable States. Record high production is expected in Arkansas. As of November 3, seventy- three percent of the Nation's peanut acreage was harvested, three percentage points behind last year and 4 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Beginning in 2024, estimates for peanuts began in Missouri but were discontinued in New Mexico. Cotton: Upland harvested area for the Nation is expected to total 8.44 million acres, unchanged from the previous forecast but up 34 percent from last year. Expected Pima harvested area at 192,000 acres is unchanged from the previous estimate but up 39 percent from last year. Upland cotton production is forecast at 13.7 million 480-pound bales, up less than 1 percent from the previous forecast and up 17 percent from 2023. Pima cotton production is forecast at 481,000 bales, down 7 percent from the previous forecast but up 52 percent from 2023. If realized, record high all cotton production is forecast in Missouri. By November 3, sixty-three percent of the Nation's cotton acreage was harvested, 8 percentage points ahead of last year and 9 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Cotton harvesting advanced 10 percentage points or more in 9 of the 15 estimating States during the week. Cotton harvest progress was ahead of the 5-year average pace in 13 of the 15 estimating States. Ginnings totaled 4,695,550 running bales prior to November 1, up from 3,606,850 running bales ginned prior to the same date last year. Sugarbeets: Production of sugarbeets for the 2024 crop year is forecast at 35.2 million tons, down 1 percent from last month and down slightly from last year. Producers expect to harvest 1.08 million acres, unchanged from last month but down 5 percent from last year. Yield is forecast at 32.7 tons per acre, down 0.4 ton from last month but up 1.5 tons from last year. Sugarcane: Production of sugarcane for sugar and seed is forecast at 35.3 million tons, down slightly from last month but up 6 percent from last season in comparable States. Producers intend to harvest 924,000 acres for sugar and seed during the 2024 crop year, unchanged from last month but up 1 percent from last season, in comparable States. Yields for sugar and seed are expected to average 38.2 tons per acre, down 0.1 ton from last month but up 1.6 tons from last season, in comparable States. Beginning in 2024, estimates for sugarcane were discontinued in Texas. Potatoes: Production of potatoes for the 2024 crop year is forecast at 418 million cwt, down 5 percent from last year. Planted acreage, at 928,000 acres, is down 1 percent from the June estimate and down 4 percent from last season. Area harvested, at 923,100 acres, is down 4 percent from the previous year. The yield forecast, at 453 cwt per acre, is down 5 cwt from last year's yield. Statistical Methodology Field crop survey procedures: Objective yield and farm operator surveys were conducted between October 25 and November 5 to gather information on expected yield as of November 1. Beginning in September, the objective yield surveys for corn and soybeans were conducted in the major producing States that usually account for about 75 percent of the United States production. Randomly selected plots were revisited to make current counts. The counts made within each sample plot depend on the crop and the maturity of that crop. In all cases, plant counts are recorded along with other measurements that provide information to forecast the number of ears or pods and their weight. The counts are used with similar data from previous years to develop a projected biological yield. The average harvesting loss is subtracted to obtain a net yield. The plots are revisited each month until crop maturity when the fruit is harvested and weighed. After the farm operator has harvested the sample field, another plot is sampled to obtain current year harvesting loss. The farm operator survey was conducted primarily by telephone with some use of mail, internet, and personal interviewers. Approximately 5,840 producers were interviewed during the survey period and asked questions about probable yield. Field crop estimating procedures: National and State level objective yield and grower reported data were reviewed for reasonableness and consistency with historical estimates. The survey data were also reviewed considering weather patterns and crop progress compared to previous months and previous years. Each Regional Field Office submits their analysis of the current situation to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the survey data and the State analyses to prepare the published November 1 forecasts. Revision policy: The November 1 production forecast will not be revised; instead, a new forecast will be made each month throughout the growing season. End-of-season estimates are made after harvest. At the end of the marketing season, a balance sheet is calculated using carryover stocks, production, exports, millings, feeding, and ending stocks. Revisions are then made if the balance sheet relationships or other administrative data warrant changes. Estimates of acres for barley, corn, cotton, dry edible beans, oats, peanuts, rice, sorghum, soybeans, sugarbeets, and wheat are subject to revision in the August Crop Production report. Acres for chickpeas, corn, cotton, dry edible peas, lentils, peanuts, rice, sorghum, soybeans, and sugarbeets are subject to revision in the September Crop Production report each year. Barley, oats, rye, and wheat end-of-season estimates are published in the Small Grains Annual Summary report at the end of September. Canola, dry edible beans, and sunflower acres are subject to revision in the October Crop Production report. Potato acres are subject to revision in the November Crop Production report. End-of-season estimates for all other row crops are published in the Annual Crop Production Summary in January. Revisions to planted acres will only be made when either special survey data, administrative data, such as Farm Service Agency certified acreage data, or remote sensing data are available. Harvested acres may be revised any time a production forecast is made if there is sufficient data indicating that the intended harvested area has changed since the last forecast. Reliability: To assist users in evaluating the reliability of the November 1 production forecast, the "Root Mean Square Error," a statistical measure based on past performance, is computed. The deviation between the November 1 production forecast and the final estimate is expressed as a percentage of the final estimate. The average of the squared percentage deviations for the latest 20-year period is computed. The square root of the average becomes statistically the "Root Mean Square Error." Probability statements can be made concerning expected differences in the current forecast relative to the final end-of-season estimate, assuming that factors affecting this year's forecast are not different from those influencing recent years. For example, the "Root Mean Square Error" for the November 1 corn for grain production forecast is 1.2 percent. This means that chances are 2 out of 3 that the current production forecast will not be above or below the final estimate by more than 1.2 percent. Chances are 9 out of 10 (90 percent confidence level) that the difference will not exceed 2.1 percent. Also, shown in the following table is a 20-year record for selected crops of the differences between the November 1 forecast and the final estimate. Using corn again as an example, changes between the November 1 forecast and the final estimate during the last 20 years have averaged 128 million bushels, ranging from 4 million bushels to 420 million bushels. The November 1 forecast has been below the final estimate 8 times and above 12 times. This does not imply that the November 1 corn forecast this year is likely to understate or overstate final production. Reliability of November 1 Crop Production Forecasts [Based on data for the past twenty years] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : Difference between forecast : : : and final estimate : : :-------------------------------------------- : :90 percent : Production : Years Crop : Root mean :confidence :-------------------------------------------- :square error: interval : : : : Below : Above : : :Average :Smallest:Largest : final : final ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---- percent --- ------ millions ------ number : Corn for grain ........bushels: 1.2 2.1 128 4 420 8 12 Peanut 1/ ..............pounds: 4.8 8.3 211 10 662 13 7 Potato ....................cwt: 1.2 2.1 4 1 12 15 5 Rice ......................cwt: 1.6 2.8 2 (Z) 11 13 7 Sorghum for grain .....bushels: 7.5 12.9 15 1 48 10 10 Soybeans for beans ....bushels: 1.7 3.0 51 1 171 11 9 Sugarbeets for sugar .....tons: 1.6 2.8 (Z) (Z) 1 10 10 Sugarcane ................tons: 4.4 7.5 1 (Z) 2 10 10 Upland cotton 1/ ........bales: 5.4 9.3 601 66 2,474 6 14 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (Z) Less than half of the unit shown. 1/ Quantity is in thousands of units. USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service Information Contacts Listed below are the commodity statisticians in the Crops Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to nass@usda.gov Patrick Boyle, Chief, Crops Branch................................................... (202) 720-2127 Chris Hawthorn, Head, Field Crops Section............................................ (202) 720-2127 Irwin Anolik - Crop Progress and Condition, Flaxseed, Mustardseed............... (202) 720-7621 Joshua Bates - Hemp, Oats, Soybeans............................................. (202) 690-3234 Natasha Bruton - Barley, Cotton System Consumption and Stocks, Grain Crushings.. (202) 690-1042 David Colwell - Fats and Oils, Flour Milling Products........................... (202) 720-8800 Michelle Harder - Hay, Peanuts.................................................. (202) 690-8533 James Johanson - Rye, Wheat..................................................... (202) 720-8068 Greg Lemmons - Corn, Proso Millet, Rice......................................... (202) 720-9526 Becky Sommer - Cotton, Cotton Ginnings, Sorghum................................. (202) 720-5944 Travis Thorson - Canola, Rapeseed, Safflower, Sunflower......................... (202) 720-7369 Fleming Gibson, Head, Fruits, Vegetables and Special Crops Section................... (202) 720-2127 Deonne Holiday - Almonds, Carrots, Coffee, Cranberries, Garlic, Onions, Plums, Prunes, Tobacco............................................................... (202) 720-4288 Bret Holliman - Apricots, Chickpeas, Nectarines, Peaches, Snap Beans, Sweet Corn, Tomatoes................................................................. (202) 720-7235 Robert Little - Blueberries, Cabbage, Dry Edible Beans, Kale, Lettuce, Macadamia, Maple Syrup, Pears, Raspberries, Spinach.................................. (202) 720-3250 Krishna Rizal - Artichokes, Asparagus, Celery, Grapefruit, Kiwifruit, Lemons, Mandarins and tangerines, Mint, Mushrooms, Olives, Oranges, Pistachios............... (202) 720-5412 Chris Singh - Apples, Cucumbers, Hazelnuts, Potatoes, Pumpkins, Squash, Strawberries, Sugarbeets, Sugarcane, Sweet Potatoes.......................... (202) 720-4285 Antonio Torres - Beets, Cantaloupes, Dry Edible Peas, Grapes, Green Peas, Honeydews, Lentils, Sweet Cherries, Tart Cherries, Walnuts, Watermelons.............. (202) 720-2157 Chris Wallace - Avocados, Bell Peppers, Broccoli, Cauliflower, Chile Peppers, Dates, Floriculture, Hops, Papayas, Pecans............................ 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