Crop Production ISSN: 1936-3737 Released August 12, 2025, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Corn Production Up 13 Percent from 2024 Soybean Production Down 2 Percent from 2024 Cotton Production Down 8 Percent from 2024 Winter Wheat Production Up 1 Percent from July Forecast Corn production for grain is forecast at 16.7 billion bushels, up 13 percent from 2024, which if realized would be the highest production for grain on record for the United States. Based on conditions as of August 1, the yield is forecast at a record high 188.8 bushels per acre, up 9.5 bushels from last year's 179.3 bushels. Total planted area, at 97.3 million acres, is up 2 percent from the previous estimate and up 7 percent from the previous year. Area harvested for grain is forecast at 88.7 million acres, up 2 percent from the previous forecast and up 7 percent from the previous year. Soybean production for beans is forecast at 4.29 billion bushels, down 2 percent from 2024. Based on conditions as of August 1, yields are expected to average a record high 53.6 bushels per acre, up 2.9 bushels from 2024. Area harvested for beans in the United States is forecast at 80.1 million acres, down 3 percent from the previous forecast and down 7 percent from 2024. All cotton planted area totaled 9.28 million acres, down 8 percent from the previous forecast and down 17 percent from 2024. All cotton area harvested is forecast at 7.36 million acres, down 6 percent from 2024. All cotton production is forecast at 13.2 million 480-pound bales, down 8 percent from 2024. Based on conditions as of August 1, yields are expected to average 862 pounds per harvested acre, down 24 pounds from 2024. Upland cotton production is forecast at 12.9 million 480-pound bales, down 8 percent from 2024. Pima cotton production is forecast at 364,000 bales, down 23 percent from 2024. All wheat production for grain is forecast at 1.93 billion bushels, down slightly from the previous forecast and down 2 percent from 2024. Based on August 1 conditions, yields are expected to average 52.7 bushels per harvested acre, up 0.1 bushel from the previous forecast and up 1.5 bushels from 2024. Area harvested for grain is forecast at 36.6 million acres, down less than 1 percent from the previous forecast and down 5 percent from 2024. Winter wheat production is forecast at 1.36 billion bushels, up 1 percent from the July 1 forecast and up less than 1 percent from 2024. As of August 1, the United States yield is forecast at 54.8 bushels per acre, up 0.6 bushel from last month and up 3.1 bushels from last year's average yield of 51.7 bushels per acre. Area expected to be harvested for grain or seed totals 24.7 million acres, down less than 1 percent from the Acreage report and down 5 percent from 2024. Hard Red Winter production, at 769 million bushels, is up 2 percent from last month. Soft Red Winter, at 339 million bushels, is up 1 percent from the July forecast. White Winter, at 247 million bushels, is down 3 percent from last month. Of the White Winter production, 20.5 million bushels are Hard White and 226 million bushels are Soft White. Durum wheat production is forecast at 87.4 million bushels, up 10 percent from the previous forecast and up 9 percent from 2024. Based on August 1 conditions, yields are expected to average 40.9 bushels per harvested acre, up 2.2 bushels from the previous forecast and up 1.6 bushels from 2024. A record high yield is forecast for North Dakota. Area expected to be harvested for grain or seed totals 2.14 million acres, up 4 percent from the Acreage report and up 5 percent from 2024. Other spring wheat production for grain is forecast at 484 million bushels, down 4 percent from the previous forecast and down 11 percent from last year. Based on August 1 conditions, yields are expected to average 50.0 bushels per harvested acre, down 1.7 bushels from the previous forecast and down 2.5 bushels from 2024. Area harvested for grain or seed is expected to total 9.69 million acres, down 1 percent from the Acreage report, and down 6 percent from 2024. Of the total production, 449 million bushels are Hard Red Spring wheat, down 4 percent from the July forecast. This report was approved on August 12, 2025. Secretary of Agriculture Brooke L. Rollins Agricultural Statistics Board Chairperson Lance Honig Contents Corn Area Planted for All Purposes and Harvested for Grain - States and United States: 2024 and 2025............... 6 Corn for Grain Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted August 1, 2025..................................................................................................... 7 Corn Production - United States Chart.............................................................................. 8 Sorghum Area Planted for All Purpose and Harvested for Grain - States and United States: 2024 and 2025............. 8 Sorghum for Grain Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted August 1, 2025..................................................................................................... 8 Oat Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2024-2025............................................... 9 Oat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted August 1, 2025........... 10 Barley Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2024-2025............................................ 11 Barley Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted August 1, 2025........ 11 All Wheat Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2024-2025......................................... 12 Winter Wheat Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2024-2025...................................... 13 Winter Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted August 1, 2025..................................................................................................... 14 Durum Wheat Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2024-2025...................................... 15 Durum Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted August 1, 2025..................................................................................................... 15 Other Spring Wheat Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2024-2025................................ 16 Other Spring Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted August 1, 2025..................................................................................................... 16 Wheat Production by Class - United States: 2024 and Forecasted August 1, 2025...................................... 17 Rice Area Planted and Harvested by Class - States and United States: 2024 and 2025................................. 18 Rice Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted August 1, 2025.......... 19 Rice Production by Class - United States: 2024 and Forecasted August 1, 2025....................................... 19 Alfalfa and Alfalfa Mixtures for Hay Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted August 1, 2025.......................................................................................... 20 All Other Hay Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted August 1, 2025..................................................................................................... 21 Soybeans for Beans Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2024 and 2025............................ 22 Soybeans for Beans Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted August 1, 2025..................................................................................................... 23 Soybean Production - United States Chart........................................................................... 24 Peanut Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2024 and 2025........................................ 25 Peanut Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted August 1, 2025........ 25 Cotton Area Planted and Harvested by Type - States and United States: 2024 and 2025................................ 26 Cotton Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Type - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted August 1, 2025..................................................................................................... 27 Cottonseed Production - United States: 2024 and Forecasted August 1, 2025.......................................... 27 Cotton Production - United States Chart............................................................................ 28 Dry Edible Bean Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2024 and 2025............................... 29 Dry Edible Bean Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted August 1, 2025..................................................................................................... 29 Sugarbeet Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2024 and 2025..................................... 30 Sugarbeet Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted August 1, 2025..................................................................................................... 30 Sugarcane for Sugar and Seed Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted August 1, 2025.......................................................................................... 31 Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted August 1, 2025..................................................................................................... 31 Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Class and Type - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted August 1, 2025.......................................................................................... 32 Hop Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted August 1, 2025........... 33 Commercial Apple Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted August 1, 2025......................... 34 Cranberry Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted August 1, 2025................................ 34 Grape Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted August 1, 2025.................................... 34 Peach Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted August 1, 2025.................................... 35 Pear Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted August 1, 2025..................................... 35 Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2024 and 2025............ 36 Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2024 and 2025.............. 38 Fruits and Nuts Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2024 and 2025........................................ 40 Fruits and Nuts Production in Metric Units - United States: 2024 and 2025.......................................... 41 Winter Wheat Objective Yield Percent of Samples Processed in the Lab - United States: 2021-2025.................... 42 Winter Wheat Heads per Square Foot - Selected States: 2021-2025.................................................... 43 Percent of Normal Precipitation Map................................................................................ 44 Departure from Normal Temperature Map.............................................................................. 44 July Weather Summary............................................................................................... 45 July Agricultural Summary.......................................................................................... 46 Crop Comments...................................................................................................... 48 Statistical Methodology............................................................................................ 54 Reliability of August 1 Crop Production Forecasts.................................................................. 55 Information Contacts............................................................................................... 56 Corn Area Planted for All Purposes and Harvested for Grain - States and United States: 2024 and 2025 [Includes updates to planted and harvested area previously published] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area planted for all purposes : Area harvested for grain State :--------------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres : Alabama ............: 270 340 260 330 Arizona ............: 70 65 19 25 Arkansas ...........: 500 800 480 780 California .........: 410 400 50 28 Colorado ...........: 1,460 1,490 1,180 1,210 Connecticut 2/ .....: 24 24 (NA) (NA) Delaware ...........: 165 170 162 167 Florida ............: 85 85 47 52 Georgia ............: 375 540 305 485 Idaho ..............: 380 430 120 160 : Illinois ...........: 10,800 11,000 10,650 10,800 Indiana ............: 5,200 5,300 5,050 5,150 Iowa ...............: 12,900 13,500 12,450 12,950 Kansas .............: 6,300 6,750 5,800 6,200 Kentucky ...........: 1,370 1,530 1,280 1,420 Louisiana ..........: 470 800 440 760 Maine 2/ ...........: 30 29 (NA) (NA) Maryland ...........: 440 450 390 395 Massachusetts 2/ ...: 14 14 (NA) (NA) Michigan ...........: 2,250 2,350 1,910 1,990 : Minnesota ..........: 8,200 8,700 7,730 8,190 Mississippi ........: 490 900 470 860 Missouri ...........: 3,450 3,700 3,300 3,530 Montana ............: 130 145 79 84 Nebraska ...........: 10,050 10,500 9,590 10,060 Nevada 2/ ..........: 20 25 (NA) (NA) New Hampshire 2/ ...: 12 11 (NA) (NA) New Jersey .........: 72 75 61 65 New Mexico .........: 100 100 47 41 New York ...........: 1,020 950 570 545 : North Carolina .....: 890 950 815 885 North Dakota .......: 3,950 4,600 3,640 4,270 Ohio ...............: 3,400 3,400 3,200 3,180 Oklahoma ...........: 450 520 410 445 Oregon .............: 100 105 57 65 Pennsylvania .......: 990 1,000 660 640 Rhode Island 2/ ....: 2 2 (NA) (NA) South Carolina .....: 330 390 295 360 South Dakota .......: 5,900 6,700 5,390 5,980 Tennessee ..........: 700 930 660 870 : Texas ..............: 2,150 2,450 1,860 2,050 Utah ...............: 70 80 24 33 Vermont 2/ .........: 94 88 (NA) (NA) Virginia ...........: 460 470 305 335 Washington .........: 175 170 88 85 West Virginia ......: 41 41 26 24 Wisconsin ..........: 3,750 4,100 2,960 3,130 Wyoming ............: 85 85 66 62 : United States ......: 90,594 97,254 82,896 88,691 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. 1/ Forecasted. 2/ Area harvested for grain not estimated. Corn for Grain Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted August 1, 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : --- 1,000 acres -- ---- bushels ---- ---- 1,000 bushels --- : Alabama ............: 260 330 112.0 157.0 29,120 51,810 Arkansas ...........: 480 780 187.0 182.0 89,760 141,960 Colorado ...........: 1,180 1,210 116.0 118.0 136,880 142,780 Delaware ...........: 162 167 171.0 178.0 27,702 29,726 Georgia ............: 305 485 163.0 179.0 49,715 86,815 Idaho ..............: 120 160 206.0 222.0 24,720 35,520 Illinois ...........: 10,650 10,800 217.0 221.0 2,311,050 2,386,800 Indiana ............: 5,050 5,150 198.0 205.0 999,900 1,055,750 Iowa ...............: 12,450 12,950 211.0 222.0 2,626,950 2,874,900 Kansas .............: 5,800 6,200 129.0 139.0 748,200 861,800 : Kentucky ...........: 1,280 1,420 178.0 186.0 227,840 264,120 Louisiana ..........: 440 760 185.0 180.0 81,400 136,800 Maryland ...........: 390 395 143.0 173.0 55,770 68,335 Michigan ...........: 1,910 1,990 181.0 180.0 345,710 358,200 Minnesota ..........: 7,730 8,190 174.0 202.0 1,345,020 1,654,380 Mississippi ........: 470 860 186.0 186.0 87,420 159,960 Missouri ...........: 3,300 3,530 183.0 191.0 603,900 674,230 Nebraska ...........: 9,590 10,060 188.0 192.0 1,802,920 1,931,520 New York ...........: 570 545 169.0 158.0 96,330 86,110 North Carolina .....: 815 885 87.0 143.0 70,905 126,555 : North Dakota .......: 3,640 4,270 149.0 148.0 542,360 631,960 Ohio ...............: 3,200 3,180 177.0 196.0 566,400 623,280 Oklahoma ...........: 410 445 98.0 130.0 40,180 57,850 Pennsylvania .......: 660 640 138.0 164.0 91,080 104,960 South Carolina .....: 295 360 101.0 150.0 29,795 54,000 South Dakota .......: 5,390 5,980 164.0 168.0 883,960 1,004,640 Tennessee ..........: 660 870 152.0 182.0 100,320 158,340 Texas ..............: 1,860 2,050 112.0 120.0 208,320 246,000 Virginia ...........: 305 335 114.0 173.0 34,770 57,955 Washington .........: 88 85 235.0 235.0 20,680 19,975 Wisconsin ..........: 2,960 3,130 174.0 185.0 515,040 579,050 : Other States 1/ ....: 476 479 152.6 157.8 72,627 75,563 : United States ......: 82,896 88,691 179.3 188.8 14,866,744 16,741,644 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Other States include Arizona, California, Florida, Montana, New Jersey, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, West Virginia, and Wyoming. Individual State level estimates will be published in the "Crop Production 2025 Summary." Sorghum Area Planted for All Purpose and Harvested for Grain - States and United States: 2024 and 2025 [Includes updates to planted and harvested area previously published] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area planted : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres : Colorado .........: 520 550 460 490 Kansas ...........: 3,000 3,000 2,800 2,750 Nebraska .........: 290 255 260 210 Oklahoma .........: 370 440 330 370 South Dakota .....: 420 260 305 175 Texas ............: 1,700 2,100 1,450 1,680 : United States ....: 6,300 6,605 5,605 5,675 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Forecasted. Sorghum for Grain Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted August 1, 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -- 1,000 acres -- ---- bushels --- -- 1,000 bushels -- : Colorado ...........: 460 490 30.0 39.0 13,800 19,110 Kansas .............: 2,800 2,750 65.0 80.0 182,000 220,000 Nebraska ...........: 260 210 85.0 96.0 22,100 20,160 Oklahoma ...........: 330 370 39.0 54.0 12,870 19,980 South Dakota .......: 305 175 76.0 75.0 23,180 13,125 Texas ..............: 1,450 1,680 62.0 59.0 89,900 99,120 : United States ......: 5,605 5,675 61.3 69.0 343,850 391,495 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Oat Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2024-2025 [Includes updates to planted and harvested area previously published. Includes area planted in preceding fall] ------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Georgia ...........: 65 80 21 20 Idaho .............: 40 40 10 13 Illinois ..........: 50 50 17 14 Iowa ..............: 145 120 73 50 Kansas ............: 160 160 26 25 Maine .............: 20 18 16 16 Michigan ..........: 50 45 33 23 Minnesota .........: 205 245 140 155 Montana ...........: 60 75 25 31 Nebraska ..........: 120 120 36 25 : New York ..........: 60 43 40 22 North Carolina ....: 34 44 12 18 North Dakota ......: 280 330 135 140 Ohio ..............: 40 50 20 25 Oregon ............: 20 15 11 8 Pennsylvania ......: 74 68 51 37 South Dakota ......: 270 315 88 105 Texas .............: 380 380 68 55 Wisconsin .........: 140 145 64 61 : United States .....: 2,213 2,343 886 843 ------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Forecasted. Oat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted August 1, 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production :--------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : 2025 : : : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 :-------------------: 2024 : 2025 : : : : July 1 :August 1 : : ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres ------- bushels ------- 1,000 bushels : Georgia ............: 21 20 62.0 62.0 62.0 1,302 1,240 Idaho ..............: 10 13 92.0 58.0 63.0 920 819 Illinois ...........: 17 14 93.0 96.0 99.0 1,581 1,386 Iowa ...............: 73 50 82.0 84.0 80.0 5,986 4,000 Kansas .............: 26 25 66.0 64.0 59.0 1,716 1,475 Maine ..............: 16 16 73.0 69.0 69.0 1,168 1,104 Michigan ...........: 33 23 66.0 68.0 71.0 2,178 1,633 Minnesota ..........: 140 155 88.0 77.0 83.0 12,320 12,865 Montana ............: 25 31 33.0 33.0 38.0 825 1,178 Nebraska ...........: 36 25 69.0 52.0 55.0 2,484 1,375 : New York ...........: 40 22 65.0 55.0 61.0 2,600 1,342 North Carolina .....: 12 18 73.0 71.0 67.0 876 1,206 North Dakota .......: 135 140 98.0 97.0 97.0 13,230 13,580 Ohio ...............: 20 25 68.0 83.0 76.0 1,360 1,900 Oregon .............: 11 8 98.0 75.0 70.0 1,078 560 Pennsylvania .......: 51 37 59.0 59.0 56.0 3,009 2,072 South Dakota .......: 88 105 88.0 88.0 88.0 7,744 9,240 Texas ..............: 68 55 46.0 47.0 56.0 3,128 3,080 Wisconsin ..........: 64 61 67.0 77.0 69.0 4,288 4,209 : United States ......: 886 843 76.5 75.5 76.2 67,793 64,264 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Barley Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2024-2025 [Includes updates to planted and harvested area previously published. Includes area planted in preceding fall] ------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area planted : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres : Alaska ...........: 8 8 6 7 Arizona ..........: 13 11 12 9 California .......: 40 40 20 30 Colorado .........: 56 40 39 34 Delaware .........: 21 20 14 15 Idaho ............: 530 520 510 500 Kansas ...........: 10 9 3 3 Maine ............: 10 6 9 5 Maryland .........: 31 31 19 17 Michigan .........: 8 7 6 6 : Minnesota ........: 40 43 25 34 Montana ..........: 900 750 710 600 New York .........: 8 8 5 4 North Carolina ...: 16 15 10 9 North Dakota .....: 370 470 285 360 Oregon ...........: 31 27 20 18 Pennsylvania .....: 40 43 30 28 South Dakota .....: 34 41 5 12 Utah .............: 14 16 11 10 Virginia .........: 24 28 9 8 : Washington .......: 80 65 70 50 Wisconsin ........: 15 12 6 3 Wyoming ..........: 74 71 51 50 : United States ....: 2,373 2,281 1,875 1,812 ------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Forecasted. Barley Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted August 1, 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production :--------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : 2025 : : : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 :-------------------: 2024 : 2025 : : : : July 1 :August 1 : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres -------- bushels -------- 1,000 bushels : Colorado .......: 39 34 145.0 146.0 135.0 5,655 4,590 Idaho ..........: 510 500 109.0 112.0 110.0 55,590 55,000 Minnesota ......: 25 34 70.0 75.0 80.0 1,750 2,720 Montana ........: 710 600 51.0 48.0 52.0 36,210 31,200 North Dakota ...: 285 360 74.0 74.0 74.0 21,090 26,640 Washington .....: 70 50 66.0 50.0 50.0 4,620 2,500 Wyoming ........: 51 50 112.0 100.0 100.0 5,712 5,000 : Other States 1/ : 185 184 71.4 67.9 73.5 13,209 13,521 : United States ..: 1,875 1,812 76.7 77.1 77.9 143,836 141,171 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Other States include: Alaska, Arizona, California, Delaware, Kansas, Maine, Maryland, Michigan, New York, North Carolina, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Utah, Virginia, and Wisconsin. Individual State level estimates will be published in the "Small Grains 2025 Summary." All Wheat Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2024-2025 [Includes updates to planted and harvested area previously published. Includes area planted in preceding fall] --------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 1/ --------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Alabama .......: 110 115 60 65 Arizona .......: 59 50 58 49 Arkansas ......: 130 120 85 80 California ....: 315 296 98 95 Colorado ......: 2,100 2,100 1,840 1,850 Delaware ......: 70 55 52 30 Georgia .......: 145 170 60 65 Idaho .........: 1,210 1,210 1,135 1,110 Illinois ......: 770 780 700 680 Indiana .......: 310 320 240 235 : Kansas ........: 7,600 7,300 7,150 6,700 Kentucky ......: 560 500 390 355 Maryland ......: 325 315 180 150 Michigan ......: 400 540 375 490 Minnesota .....: 1,220 1,150 1,180 1,100 Mississippi ...: 60 65 35 40 Missouri ......: 670 640 480 445 Montana .......: 5,280 5,340 5,030 5,030 Nebraska ......: 1,000 950 920 810 New Mexico ....: 370 365 145 115 : New York ......: 135 150 120 120 North Carolina : 410 360 330 260 North Dakota ..: 6,575 6,430 6,465 6,300 Ohio ..........: 520 570 465 500 Oklahoma ......: 4,350 4,150 2,850 2,750 Oregon ........: 740 750 725 740 Pennsylvania ..: 240 260 195 175 South Carolina : 80 80 65 60 South Dakota ..: 1,520 1,450 1,395 1,280 Tennessee .....: 380 345 320 275 : Texas .........: 5,500 5,500 2,600 1,850 Utah ..........: 105 115 90 100 Virginia ......: 150 130 85 65 Washington ....: 2,295 2,310 2,240 2,250 Wisconsin .....: 265 300 220 250 Wyoming .......: 110 110 91 95 : United States .: 46,079 45,391 38,469 36,564 --------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Forecasted. Winter Wheat Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2024-2025 [Includes updates to planted and harvested area previously published. Includes area planted in preceding fall] --------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 1/ --------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Alabama .......: 110 115 60 65 Arkansas ......: 130 120 85 80 California ....: 290 280 75 80 Colorado ......: 2,100 2,100 1,840 1,850 Delaware ......: 70 55 52 30 Georgia .......: 145 170 60 65 Idaho .........: 760 790 700 710 Illinois ......: 770 780 700 680 Indiana .......: 310 320 240 235 Kansas ........: 7,600 7,300 7,150 6,700 : Kentucky ......: 560 500 390 355 Maryland ......: 325 315 180 150 Michigan ......: 400 540 375 490 Mississippi ...: 60 65 35 40 Missouri ......: 670 640 480 445 Montana .......: 1,950 2,250 1,830 2,060 Nebraska ......: 1,000 950 920 810 New Mexico ....: 370 365 145 115 New York ......: 135 150 120 120 North Carolina : 410 360 330 260 : North Dakota ..: 125 100 120 85 Ohio ..........: 520 570 465 500 Oklahoma ......: 4,350 4,150 2,850 2,750 Oregon ........: 740 750 725 740 Pennsylvania ..: 240 260 195 175 South Carolina : 80 80 65 60 South Dakota ..: 860 790 760 650 Tennessee .....: 380 345 320 275 Texas .........: 5,500 5,500 2,600 1,850 Utah ..........: 105 115 90 100 : Virginia ......: 150 130 85 65 Washington ....: 1,800 1,850 1,750 1,800 Wisconsin .....: 265 300 220 250 Wyoming .......: 110 110 91 95 : United States .: 33,390 33,215 26,103 24,735 --------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Forecasted. Winter Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted August 1, 2025 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production :------------------------------------------------------------------------ State : : : : 2025 : : : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 :-------------------: 2024 : 2025 : : : : July 1 :August 1 : : ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres ------- bushels ------- --- 1,000 bushels --- : Arkansas .......: 85 80 56.0 62.0 62.0 4,760 4,960 California .....: 75 80 78.0 85.0 85.0 5,850 6,800 Colorado .......: 1,840 1,850 35.0 40.0 40.0 64,400 74,000 Idaho ..........: 700 710 89.0 97.0 97.0 62,300 68,870 Illinois .......: 700 680 86.0 87.0 87.0 60,200 59,160 Indiana ........: 240 235 89.0 86.0 87.0 21,360 20,445 Kansas .........: 7,150 6,700 43.0 50.0 51.0 307,450 341,700 Kentucky .......: 390 355 75.0 83.0 82.0 29,250 29,110 Maryland .......: 180 150 75.0 80.0 76.0 13,500 11,400 Michigan .......: 375 490 87.0 89.0 91.0 32,625 44,590 : Missouri .......: 480 445 75.0 76.0 78.0 36,000 34,710 Montana ........: 1,830 2,060 50.0 44.0 46.0 91,500 94,760 Nebraska .......: 920 810 52.0 37.0 40.0 47,840 32,400 North Carolina .: 330 260 57.0 63.0 59.0 18,810 15,340 Ohio ...........: 465 500 85.0 83.0 86.0 39,525 43,000 Oklahoma .......: 2,850 2,750 38.0 38.0 38.0 108,300 104,500 Oregon .........: 725 740 70.0 75.0 74.0 50,750 54,760 Pennsylvania ...: 195 175 75.0 72.0 73.0 14,625 12,775 South Dakota ...: 760 650 63.0 48.0 46.0 47,880 29,900 Tennessee ......: 320 275 75.0 73.0 73.0 24,000 20,075 : Texas ..........: 2,600 1,850 31.0 32.0 37.0 80,600 68,450 Virginia .......: 85 65 66.0 65.0 67.0 5,610 4,355 Washington .....: 1,750 1,800 70.0 70.0 66.0 122,500 118,800 Wisconsin ......: 220 250 82.0 76.0 78.0 18,040 19,500 : Other States 1/ : 838 775 49.2 54.0 52.6 41,255 40,775 : United States ..: 26,103 24,735 51.7 54.2 54.8 1,348,930 1,355,135 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Other States include Alabama, Delaware, Georgia, Mississippi, New Mexico, New York, North Dakota, South Carolina, Utah, and Wyoming. Individual State level estimates will be published in the "Small Grains 2025 Summary." Durum Wheat Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2024-2025 [Includes updates to planted and harvested area previously published. Includes area planted in preceding fall] ----------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 1/ ----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Arizona .........: 59 50 58 49 California ......: 25 16 23 15 Montana .........: 880 890 860 860 North Dakota ....: 1,100 1,230 1,095 1,215 : United States ...: 2,064 2,186 2,036 2,139 ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Forecasted. Durum Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted August 1, 2025 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production :---------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : 2025 : : : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 :-----------------: 2024 : 2025 : : : : July 1 :August 1: : --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres ------- bushels ------- 1,000 bushels : Arizona ........: 58 49 109.0 114.0 114.0 6,322 5,586 California .....: 23 15 108.0 100.0 100.0 2,484 1,500 Montana ........: 860 860 23.0 21.0 27.0 19,780 23,220 North Dakota ...: 1,095 1,215 47.0 47.0 47.0 51,465 57,105 : United States ..: 2,036 2,139 39.3 38.7 40.9 80,051 87,411 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Spring Wheat Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2024-2025 [Includes updates to planted and harvested area previously published. Includes area planted in preceding fall] -------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Idaho ........: 450 420 435 400 Minnesota ....: 1,220 1,150 1,180 1,100 Montana ......: 2,450 2,200 2,340 2,110 North Dakota .: 5,350 5,100 5,250 5,000 South Dakota .: 660 660 635 630 Washington ...: 495 460 490 450 : United States : 10,625 9,990 10,330 9,690 -------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Forecasted. Other Spring Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted August 1, 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : 2025 : : : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 :-----------------------: 2024 : 2025 : : : : July 1 : August 1 : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : --- 1,000 acres -- ---------- bushels --------- -- 1,000 bushels -- : Idaho ..............: 435 400 89.0 79.0 84.0 38,715 33,600 Minnesota ..........: 1,180 1,100 68.5 69.0 68.0 80,830 74,800 Montana ............: 2,340 2,110 26.0 24.0 25.0 60,840 52,750 North Dakota .......: 5,250 5,000 59.0 59.0 55.0 309,750 275,000 South Dakota .......: 635 630 49.0 47.0 46.0 31,115 28,980 Washington .........: 490 450 43.0 47.0 43.0 21,070 19,350 : United States ......: 10,330 9,690 52.5 51.7 50.0 542,320 484,480 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Wheat Production by Class - United States: 2024 and Forecasted August 1, 2025 [Wheat class estimates are based on the latest available data including both surveys and administrative data. The previous end-of-year season class percentages are used throughout the forecast season for States that do not have survey or administrative data available] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Crop : 2024 : 2025 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 bushels : Winter : Hard red ............: 770,439 769,105 Soft red ............: 342,439 339,406 Hard white ..........: 19,559 20,501 Soft white ..........: 216,493 226,123 : Spring : Hard red ............: 502,867 449,420 Hard white ..........: 9,502 8,258 Soft white ..........: 29,951 26,802 Durum ...............: 80,051 87,411 : Total ............ : 1,971,301 1,927,026 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Rice Area Planted and Harvested by Class - States and United States: 2024 and 2025 [Includes updates to planted and harvested area previously published] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested Class and State :--------------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 1/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Long grain : Arkansas .........: 1,330 1,160 1,325 1,145 California .......: 8 10 8 10 Louisiana ........: 425 415 420 410 Mississippi ......: 153 160 152 157 Missouri .........: 214 210 210 205 Texas ............: 145 140 141 135 : United States ....: 2,275 2,095 2,256 2,062 : Medium grain : Arkansas .........: 117 100 106 83 California .......: 430 490 427 487 Louisiana ........: 48 61 39 57 Mississippi ......: 2 5 2 3 Missouri .........: 5 4 4 3 Texas ............: 3 4 3 4 : United States ....: 605 664 581 637 : Short grain 2/ : Arkansas .........: 1 1 1 1 California .......: 29 29 29 29 Texas ............: - 1 - 1 : United States ....: 30 31 30 31 : All : Arkansas .........: 1,448 1,261 1,432 1,229 California .......: 467 529 464 526 Louisiana ........: 473 476 459 467 Mississippi ......: 155 165 154 160 Missouri .........: 219 214 214 208 Texas ............: 148 145 144 140 : United States ....: 2,910 2,790 2,867 2,730 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. 1/ Forecasted. 2/ Includes sweet rice. Rice Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted August 1, 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production 1/ State :----------------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres ---- pounds ---- ---- 1,000 cwt --- : Arkansas .....: 1,432 1,229 7,640 7,500 109,407 92,175 California ...: 464 526 8,530 8,700 39,588 45,762 Louisiana ....: 459 467 6,710 6,750 30,809 31,523 Mississippi ..: 154 160 7,540 7,500 11,613 12,000 Missouri .....: 214 208 8,430 7,800 18,040 16,224 Texas ........: 144 140 8,800 7,700 12,676 10,780 : United States : 2,867 2,730 7,748 7,636 222,133 208,464 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Includes sweet rice production. Rice Production by Class - United States: 2024 and Forecasted August 1, 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : Year : Long grain : Medium grain : Short grain 1/ : All : : : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 cwt : 2024 .......: 172,029 48,013 2,091 222,133 2025 2/ ....: 154,468 51,314 2,682 208,464 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Sweet rice production included with short grain. 2/ The 2025 rice production by class forecasts are based on class harvested acreage estimates and the 5-year average class yield compared to the all rice yield. Alfalfa and Alfalfa Mixtures for Hay Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted August 1, 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : --- 1,000 acres --- ------ tons ----- ---- 1,000 tons --- : Arizona ...........: 270 270 7.30 7.70 1,971 2,079 California ........: 480 460 6.60 7.00 3,168 3,220 Colorado ..........: 675 550 3.70 3.90 2,498 2,145 Idaho .............: 940 890 4.10 4.30 3,854 3,827 Illinois ..........: 260 210 3.75 4.20 975 882 Indiana ...........: 240 240 3.70 3.50 888 840 Iowa ..............: 720 730 3.80 4.30 2,736 3,139 Kansas ............: 580 610 2.65 3.00 1,537 1,830 Kentucky ..........: 100 90 3.00 4.00 300 360 Michigan ..........: 550 550 2.60 3.00 1,430 1,650 : Minnesota .........: 680 650 3.75 3.80 2,550 2,470 Missouri ..........: 255 210 2.95 3.20 752 672 Montana ...........: 1,500 1,600 2.15 2.40 3,225 3,840 Nebraska ..........: 810 760 4.30 4.20 3,483 3,192 Nevada ............: 220 220 4.50 4.50 990 990 New Mexico ........: 150 125 5.00 5.90 750 738 New York ..........: 250 210 2.00 2.20 500 462 North Dakota ......: 940 940 1.95 1.85 1,833 1,739 Ohio ..............: 290 320 3.40 3.50 986 1,120 Oklahoma ..........: 260 260 3.00 2.80 780 728 : Oregon ............: 330 350 4.40 4.00 1,452 1,400 Pennsylvania ......: 270 240 3.10 2.90 837 696 South Dakota ......: 1,450 1,350 2.40 2.30 3,480 3,105 Texas .............: 110 105 4.00 4.90 440 515 Utah ..............: 520 500 4.00 3.60 2,080 1,800 Virginia ..........: 30 20 3.00 2.90 90 58 Washington ........: 340 320 4.60 4.80 1,564 1,536 Wisconsin .........: 830 760 3.65 3.90 3,030 2,964 Wyoming ...........: 440 530 2.90 2.60 1,276 1,378 : Other States 1/ ...: 122 122 3.16 3.06 385 373 : United States .....: 14,612 14,192 3.41 3.51 49,840 49,748 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Other States include Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, North Carolina, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Vermont, and West Virginia. Individual State level estimates will be published in the "Crop Production 2025 Summary." All Other Hay Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted August 1, 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : --- 1,000 acres -- ----- tons ----- --- 1,000 tons --- : Alabama 1/ .......: 690 690 2.70 2.40 1,863 1,656 Arkansas 1/ ......: 1,230 1,260 2.10 2.40 2,583 3,024 California .......: 460 380 3.20 3.00 1,472 1,140 Colorado .........: 620 600 1.50 1.60 930 960 Georgia 1/ .......: 480 470 3.00 3.00 1,440 1,410 Idaho ............: 310 280 2.30 2.40 713 672 Illinois .........: 185 200 2.70 2.90 500 580 Indiana ..........: 240 270 2.80 2.70 672 729 Iowa .............: 280 290 2.70 2.90 756 841 Kansas ...........: 1,550 2,000 1.50 1.70 2,325 3,400 : Kentucky .........: 2,000 2,150 2.35 2.20 4,700 4,730 Louisiana 1/ .....: 370 380 2.80 2.60 1,036 988 Michigan .........: 210 210 1.30 1.70 273 357 Minnesota ........: 520 470 2.25 2.30 1,170 1,081 Mississippi 1/ ...: 600 600 2.30 2.50 1,380 1,500 Missouri .........: 2,600 2,800 2.10 2.10 5,460 5,880 Montana ..........: 1,060 1,010 1.50 1.80 1,590 1,818 Nebraska .........: 1,560 1,500 1.70 2.00 2,652 3,000 New York .........: 890 940 2.00 1.70 1,780 1,598 North Carolina ...: 580 580 2.20 2.30 1,276 1,334 : North Dakota .....: 990 1,210 1.60 1.80 1,584 2,178 Ohio .............: 500 490 1.85 2.45 925 1,201 Oklahoma .........: 3,100 2,900 1.65 1.70 5,115 4,930 Oregon ...........: 600 550 2.20 1.90 1,320 1,045 Pennsylvania .....: 890 900 2.55 2.20 2,270 1,980 South Dakota .....: 1,430 1,590 1.65 1.55 2,360 2,465 Tennessee ........: 1,630 1,700 2.20 2.30 3,586 3,910 Texas ............: 4,800 4,700 2.40 2.10 11,520 9,870 Virginia .........: 940 1,000 2.20 2.30 2,068 2,300 Washington .......: 280 300 3.30 3.00 924 900 : West Virginia ....: 600 570 1.50 1.50 900 855 Wisconsin ........: 460 410 1.90 1.70 874 697 Wyoming ..........: 450 450 1.50 1.40 675 630 : Other States 2/ ..: 1,673 1,683 2.35 2.43 3,930 4,093 : United States ....: 34,778 35,533 2.09 2.08 72,622 73,752 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Alfalfa and alfalfa mixtures included in all other hay. 2/ Other States include Alaska, Arizona, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Utah, and Vermont. Individual State level estimates will be published in the "Crop Production 2025 Summary." Soybeans for Beans Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2024 and 2025 [Includes updates to planted and harvested area previously published] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area planted : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres : Alabama ..........: 360 290 350 280 Arkansas .........: 3,050 2,600 3,020 2,570 Delaware .........: 155 145 153 143 Georgia ..........: 170 160 162 152 Illinois .........: 10,800 10,300 10,750 10,250 Indiana ..........: 5,800 5,400 5,780 5,380 Iowa .............: 10,050 9,400 9,960 9,330 Kansas ...........: 4,530 4,100 4,420 4,050 Kentucky .........: 2,050 1,800 2,040 1,790 Louisiana ........: 1,100 790 1,060 760 : Maryland .........: 495 465 485 455 Michigan .........: 2,200 2,050 2,180 2,030 Minnesota ........: 7,400 7,000 7,320 6,930 Mississippi ......: 2,300 1,800 2,270 1,770 Missouri .........: 5,900 5,600 5,840 5,540 Nebraska .........: 5,300 4,800 5,240 4,750 New Jersey .......: 105 100 103 98 New York .........: 370 315 365 310 North Carolina ...: 1,630 1,650 1,610 1,630 North Dakota .....: 6,600 6,600 6,550 6,550 : Ohio .............: 5,050 4,900 5,030 4,880 Oklahoma .........: 505 380 405 330 Pennsylvania .....: 610 560 600 550 South Carolina ...: 390 365 380 355 South Dakota .....: 5,450 5,100 5,380 5,060 Tennessee ........: 1,820 1,550 1,800 1,520 Texas ............: 100 105 77 81 Virginia .........: 610 600 600 590 Wisconsin ........: 2,150 2,000 2,120 1,970 : United States ....: 87,050 80,925 86,050 80,104 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Forecasted. Soybeans for Beans Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted August 1, 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : --- 1,000 acres -- ---- bushels --- --- 1,000 bushels --- : Alabama ............: 350 280 31.0 39.0 10,850 10,920 Arkansas ...........: 3,020 2,570 55.0 56.0 166,100 143,920 Delaware ...........: 153 143 45.0 53.0 6,885 7,579 Georgia ............: 162 152 47.0 55.0 7,614 8,360 Illinois ...........: 10,750 10,250 64.0 65.0 688,000 666,250 Indiana ............: 5,780 5,380 59.0 62.0 341,020 333,560 Iowa ...............: 9,960 9,330 60.0 63.0 597,600 587,790 Kansas .............: 4,420 4,050 35.0 36.0 154,700 145,800 Kentucky ...........: 2,040 1,790 48.0 52.0 97,920 93,080 Louisiana ..........: 1,060 760 52.0 53.0 55,120 40,280 : Maryland ...........: 485 455 44.0 49.0 21,340 22,295 Michigan ...........: 2,180 2,030 49.0 52.0 106,820 105,560 Minnesota ..........: 7,320 6,930 45.0 53.0 329,400 367,290 Mississippi ........: 2,270 1,770 56.0 57.0 127,120 100,890 Missouri ...........: 5,840 5,540 49.0 53.0 286,160 293,620 Nebraska ...........: 5,240 4,750 57.5 57.0 301,300 270,750 New Jersey .........: 103 98 43.0 42.0 4,429 4,116 New York ...........: 365 310 51.0 50.0 18,615 15,500 North Carolina .....: 1,610 1,630 39.0 40.0 62,790 65,200 North Dakota .......: 6,550 6,550 37.5 36.0 245,625 235,800 : Ohio ...............: 5,030 4,880 50.0 57.0 251,500 278,160 Oklahoma ...........: 405 330 20.0 25.0 8,100 8,250 Pennsylvania .......: 600 550 45.0 47.0 27,000 25,850 South Carolina .....: 380 355 34.0 37.0 12,920 13,135 South Dakota .......: 5,380 5,060 43.0 47.0 231,340 237,820 Tennessee ..........: 1,800 1,520 42.0 50.0 75,600 76,000 Texas ..............: 77 81 32.0 21.0 2,464 1,701 Virginia ...........: 600 590 44.0 48.0 26,400 28,320 Wisconsin ..........: 2,120 1,970 48.0 53.0 101,760 104,410 : United States ......: 86,050 80,104 50.7 53.6 4,366,492 4,292,206 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Peanut Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2024 and 2025 [Includes updates to planted and harvested area previously published] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area planted : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres : Alabama ..........: 190.0 195.0 188.0 192.0 Arkansas .........: 45.0 47.0 44.0 46.0 Florida ..........: 165.0 175.0 157.0 167.0 Georgia ..........: 850.0 915.0 845.0 910.0 Mississippi ......: 26.0 21.0 25.0 20.0 Missouri .........: 24.0 25.0 23.0 24.0 North Carolina ...: 130.0 140.0 129.0 139.0 Oklahoma .........: 19.0 20.0 18.0 19.0 South Carolina ...: 82.0 90.0 79.0 86.0 Texas ............: 240.0 280.0 220.0 252.0 Virginia .........: 30.0 33.0 30.0 33.0 : United States ....: 1,801.0 1,941.0 1,758.0 1,888.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Forecasted. Peanut Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted August 1, 2025 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---- 1,000 acres --- ----- pounds ----- ---- 1,000 pounds ---- : Alabama .........: 188.0 192.0 3,000 3,100 564,000 595,200 Arkansas ........: 44.0 46.0 5,500 5,000 242,000 230,000 Florida .........: 157.0 167.0 3,500 3,800 549,500 634,600 Georgia .........: 845.0 910.0 3,800 4,000 3,211,000 3,640,000 Mississippi .....: 25.0 20.0 3,700 4,000 92,500 80,000 Missouri ........: 23.0 24.0 5,440 5,000 125,120 120,000 North Carolina ..: 129.0 139.0 4,400 4,200 567,600 583,800 Oklahoma ........: 18.0 19.0 4,200 4,300 75,600 81,700 South Carolina ..: 79.0 86.0 3,800 4,000 300,200 344,000 Texas ...........: 220.0 252.0 2,600 3,100 572,000 781,200 Virginia ........: 30.0 33.0 4,950 4,700 148,500 155,100 : United States ...: 1,758.0 1,888.0 3,668 3,838 6,448,020 7,245,600 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Cotton Area Planted and Harvested by Type - States and United States: 2024 and 2025 [Includes updates to planted area previously published] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area planted : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres : Upland : Alabama ..........: 400.0 290.0 396.0 285.0 Arizona ..........: 96.0 90.0 95.0 89.0 Arkansas .........: 650.0 520.0 640.0 515.0 California .......: 21.0 18.0 20.7 17.7 Florida ..........: 85.0 62.0 82.0 60.0 Georgia ..........: 1,100.0 840.0 1,080.0 830.0 Kansas ...........: 131.0 105.0 124.0 90.0 Louisiana ........: 155.0 90.0 148.0 84.0 Mississippi ......: 520.0 330.0 515.0 325.0 Missouri .........: 400.0 350.0 380.0 335.0 : New Mexico .......: 42.0 28.0 28.0 19.0 North Carolina ...: 410.0 280.0 400.0 270.0 Oklahoma .........: 435.0 385.0 185.0 270.0 South Carolina ...: 225.0 170.0 221.0 167.0 Tennessee ........: 265.0 205.0 250.0 190.0 Texas ............: 5,950.0 5,300.0 2,950.0 3,600.0 Virginia .........: 91.0 73.0 90.0 72.0 : United States ....: 10,976.0 9,136.0 7,604.7 7,218.7 : American Pima : Arizona ..........: 14.0 16.0 14.0 15.5 California .......: 145.0 90.0 142.0 89.0 New Mexico .......: 15.0 13.0 14.5 12.7 Texas ............: 33.0 22.0 30.0 20.0 : United States ....: 207.0 141.0 200.5 137.2 : All : Alabama ..........: 400.0 290.0 396.0 285.0 Arizona ..........: 110.0 106.0 109.0 104.5 Arkansas .........: 650.0 520.0 640.0 515.0 California .......: 166.0 108.0 162.7 106.7 Florida ..........: 85.0 62.0 82.0 60.0 Georgia ..........: 1,100.0 840.0 1,080.0 830.0 Kansas ...........: 131.0 105.0 124.0 90.0 Louisiana ........: 155.0 90.0 148.0 84.0 Mississippi ......: 520.0 330.0 515.0 325.0 Missouri .........: 400.0 350.0 380.0 335.0 : New Mexico .......: 57.0 41.0 42.5 31.7 North Carolina ...: 410.0 280.0 400.0 270.0 Oklahoma .........: 435.0 385.0 185.0 270.0 South Carolina ...: 225.0 170.0 221.0 167.0 Tennessee ........: 265.0 205.0 250.0 190.0 Texas ............: 5,983.0 5,322.0 2,980.0 3,620.0 Virginia .........: 91.0 73.0 90.0 72.0 : United States ....: 11,183.0 9,277.0 7,805.2 7,355.9 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Forecasted. Cotton Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Type - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted August 1, 2025 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Type and State : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production 1/ :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : --- 1,000 acres --- ----- pounds ---- -- 1,000 bales 2/ -- : Upland : Alabama .........: 396.0 285.0 816 783 673.0 465.0 Arizona .........: 95.0 89.0 1,299 1,294 257.0 240.0 Arkansas ........: 640.0 515.0 1,341 1,305 1,788.0 1,400.0 California ......: 20.7 17.7 1,739 1,492 75.0 55.0 Florida .........: 82.0 60.0 697 480 119.0 60.0 Georgia .........: 1,080.0 830.0 858 867 1,930.0 1,500.0 Kansas ..........: 124.0 90.0 778 747 201.0 140.0 Louisiana .......: 148.0 84.0 1,070 914 330.0 160.0 Mississippi .....: 515.0 325.0 1,157 1,255 1,241.0 850.0 Missouri ........: 380.0 335.0 1,320 1,333 1,045.0 930.0 : New Mexico ......: 28.0 19.0 703 758 41.0 30.0 North Carolina ..: 400.0 270.0 942 1,084 785.0 610.0 Oklahoma ........: 185.0 270.0 701 836 270.0 470.0 South Carolina ..: 221.0 167.0 860 790 396.0 275.0 Tennessee .......: 250.0 190.0 1,052 1,061 548.0 420.0 Texas ...........: 2,950.0 3,600.0 656 680 4,030.0 5,100.0 Virginia ........: 90.0 72.0 1,136 967 213.0 145.0 : United States ...: 7,604.7 7,218.7 880 854 13,942.0 12,850.0 : American Pima : Arizona .........: 14.0 15.5 1,029 1,053 30.0 34.0 California ......: 142.0 89.0 1,237 1,456 366.0 270.0 New Mexico ......: 14.5 12.7 794 756 24.0 20.0 Texas ...........: 30.0 20.0 816 960 51.0 40.0 : United States ...: 200.5 137.2 1,128 1,273 471.0 364.0 : All : Alabama .........: 396.0 285.0 816 783 673.0 465.0 Arizona .........: 109.0 104.5 1,264 1,259 287.0 274.0 Arkansas ........: 640.0 515.0 1,341 1,305 1,788.0 1,400.0 California ......: 162.7 106.7 1,301 1,462 441.0 325.0 Florida .........: 82.0 60.0 697 480 119.0 60.0 Georgia .........: 1,080.0 830.0 858 867 1,930.0 1,500.0 Kansas ..........: 124.0 90.0 778 747 201.0 140.0 Louisiana .......: 148.0 84.0 1,070 914 330.0 160.0 Mississippi .....: 515.0 325.0 1,157 1,255 1,241.0 850.0 Missouri ........: 380.0 335.0 1,320 1,333 1,045.0 930.0 : New Mexico ......: 42.5 31.7 734 757 65.0 50.0 North Carolina ..: 400.0 270.0 942 1,084 785.0 610.0 Oklahoma ........: 185.0 270.0 701 836 270.0 470.0 South Carolina ..: 221.0 167.0 860 790 396.0 275.0 Tennessee .......: 250.0 190.0 1,052 1,061 548.0 420.0 Texas ...........: 2,980.0 3,620.0 657 682 4,081.0 5,140.0 Virginia ........: 90.0 72.0 1,136 967 213.0 145.0 : United States ...: 7,805.2 7,355.9 886 862 14,413.0 13,214.0 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Production ginned and to be ginned. 2/ 480-pound net weight bales. Cottonseed Production - United States: 2024 and Forecasted August 1, 2025 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 1/ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 tons : United States ...: 4,262.0 3,999.0 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Based on a 3-year average lint-seed ratio. Dry Edible Bean Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2024 and 2025 [Includes updates to planted and harvested area previously published. Excludes beans grown for garden seed and chickpeas] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area planted : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres : Colorado .........: 52.0 39.0 48.0 37.3 Idaho ............: 45.0 40.0 44.7 39.6 Michigan .........: 250.0 250.0 248.0 248.0 Minnesota ........: 280.0 300.0 274.4 295.0 Nebraska .........: 130.0 110.0 122.8 105.0 North Dakota .....: 730.0 600.0 720.0 590.0 Washington .......: 46.0 50.0 45.7 49.6 : United States ....: 1,533.0 1,389.0 1,503.6 1,364.5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Forecasted. Dry Edible Bean Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted August 1, 2025 [Excludes beans grown for garden seed and chickpeas] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre 1/ : Production 1/ State :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----- 1,000 acres ----- ------- pounds ------ ------ 1,000 cwt ----- : Colorado .......: 48.0 37.3 1,940 1,720 929 642 Idaho ..........: 44.7 39.6 2,650 2,350 1,186 931 Michigan .......: 248.0 248.0 2,430 2,550 6,024 6,324 Minnesota ......: 274.4 295.0 2,140 2,070 5,880 6,107 Nebraska .......: 122.8 105.0 2,260 2,750 2,779 2,888 North Dakota ...: 720.0 590.0 1,830 2,000 13,208 11,800 Washington .....: 45.7 49.6 2,810 2,750 1,283 1,364 : United States ..: 1,503.6 1,364.5 2,081 2,203 31,289 30,056 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Clean basis. Sugarbeet Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2024 and 2025 [Includes updates to planted and harvested area previously published] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area planted : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres : California .......: 28.3 - 28.0 - Colorado .........: 24.8 24.0 23.5 22.5 Idaho ............: 173.2 169.0 173.1 167.0 Michigan .........: 135.2 134.0 134.3 133.0 Minnesota ........: 411.0 423.0 400.6 417.0 Montana ..........: 24.6 24.0 24.3 23.9 Nebraska .........: 47.3 48.0 46.7 46.0 North Dakota .....: 215.8 213.0 211.9 212.0 Oregon ...........: 10.5 10.0 10.4 9.9 Washington .......: 1.9 2.0 1.9 2.0 Wyoming ..........: 31.7 32.0 30.8 31.3 : United States ....: 1,104.3 1,079.0 1,085.5 1,064.6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ - Represents zero. 1/ Forecasted. Sugarbeet Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted August 1, 2025 [Relates to year of intended harvest in all States except California] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : --- 1,000 acres --- ------ tons ----- --- 1,000 tons --- : California 1/ .: 28.0 - 47.2 (X) 1,322 - Colorado ......: 23.5 22.5 32.1 31.2 754 702 Idaho .........: 173.1 167.0 40.0 41.2 6,924 6,880 Michigan ......: 134.3 133.0 30.6 33.6 4,110 4,469 Minnesota .....: 400.6 417.0 29.5 30.4 11,818 12,677 Montana .......: 24.3 23.9 32.3 36.2 785 865 Nebraska ......: 46.7 46.0 30.5 29.5 1,424 1,357 North Dakota ..: 211.9 212.0 31.5 31.1 6,675 6,593 Oregon ........: 10.4 9.9 41.0 41.5 426 411 Washington ....: 1.9 2.0 49.5 48.7 94 97 Wyoming .......: 30.8 31.3 30.7 31.1 946 973 : United States .: 1,085.5 1,064.6 32.5 32.9 35,278 35,024 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Relates to year of planting for overwintered beets in southern California. Sugarcane for Sugar and Seed Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted August 1, 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre 1/ : Production 1/ State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -- 1,000 acres -- ----- tons ----- --- 1,000 tons --- : Florida ......: 396.7 404.0 45.4 42.4 18,020 17,130 Louisiana ....: 523.3 525.0 31.3 32.0 16,361 16,800 : United States : 920.0 929.0 37.4 36.5 34,381 33,930 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Net tons. Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted August 1, 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ acres ------ ----- pounds ---- --- 1,000 pounds -- : Kentucky ................: 32,800 29,800 2,298 2,268 75,365 67,600 North Carolina ..........: 114,000 119,000 1,800 2,100 205,200 249,900 Tennessee ...............: 8,250 7,500 2,332 2,413 19,235 18,100 Virginia ................: 12,400 13,400 2,050 2,300 25,420 30,820 : United States ...........: 167,450 169,700 1,942 2,159 325,220 366,420 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Class and Type - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted August 1, 2025 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Class, type, and State : : : : 2025 : : : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 :---------------------------: 2024 : 2025 : : : : July 1 : August 1 : : --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ acres ----- ------------ pounds ------------ -- 1,000 pounds -- : Class 1, Flue-cured (11-14) : North Carolina .........................: 114,000 119,000 1,800 2,250 2,100 205,200 249,900 Virginia ...............................: 12,400 13,400 2,050 2,400 2,300 25,420 30,820 : United States ..........................: 126,400 132,400 1,825 2,264 2,120 230,620 280,720 : Class 2, Fire-cured (21-23) : Kentucky ...............................: 4,700 3,200 3,350 (NA) 3,100 15,745 9,920 Tennessee ..............................: 3,700 3,000 3,000 (NA) 3,200 11,100 9,600 : United States ..........................: 8,400 6,200 3,196 (NA) 3,148 26,845 19,520 : Class 3A, Light air-cured : Type 31, Burley : Kentucky .............................: 25,000 24,000 2,050 (NA) 2,100 51,250 50,400 Tennessee ............................: 3,600 3,700 1,600 (NA) 1,800 5,760 6,660 : United States ........................: 28,600 27,700 1,993 (NA) 2,060 57,010 57,060 : Class 3B, Dark air-cured (35-37) : Kentucky ...............................: 3,100 2,600 2,700 (NA) 2,800 8,370 7,280 Tennessee ..............................: 950 800 2,500 (NA) 2,300 2,375 1,840 : United States ..........................: 4,050 3,400 2,653 (NA) 2,682 10,745 9,120 : All tobacco : United States ..........................: 167,450 169,700 1,942 (NA) 2,159 325,220 366,420 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. Hop Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted August 1, 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ acres ----- ----- pounds ---- --- 1,000 pounds --- : Idaho ........: 5,797 5,084 2,273 2,100 13,178.8 10,676.4 Oregon .......: 5,635 5,514 1,732 1,700 9,759.3 9,373.8 Washington ...: 33,361 31,340 1,922 1,980 64,134.1 62,053.2 : United States : 44,793 41,938 1,944 1,958 87,072.2 82,103.4 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Commercial Apple Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted August 1, 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Total production State :----------------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : million pounds : California .......: 157.0 160.0 Michigan .........: 1,145.0 1,100.0 New York .........: 1,290.0 1,450.0 Oregon ...........: 120.0 165.0 Pennsylvania .....: 431.0 430.0 Virginia .........: 230.0 165.0 Washington .......: 7,480.0 8,000.0 : United States ....: 10,853.0 11,470.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Cranberry Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted August 1, 2025 [A barrel weighs 100 lbs] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Total production State :----------------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : barrels : Massachusetts ....: 2,245,000 1,750,000 New Jersey .......: 588,000 520,000 Oregon ...........: 623,000 560,000 Wisconsin ........: 5,490,000 5,300,000 : United States ....: 8,946,000 8,130,000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Grape Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted August 1, 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Total production State :----------------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : tons : California .......: 4,880,000 4,980,000 Raisin 1/ ......: 1,010,000 1,000,000 Table 1/ .......: 980,000 980,000 Wine ...........: 2,890,000 3,000,000 New York .........: 136,000 220,000 Oregon ...........: 84,800 110,000 Washington .......: 303,000 280,000 Juice ..........: 151,500 160,000 Wine ...........: 151,500 120,000 : United States ....: 5,403,800 5,590,000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Fresh basis. Peach Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted August 1, 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Total production State :----------------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : tons : California .......: 529,000 520,000 Clingstone .....: 231,000 230,000 Freestone ......: 298,000 290,000 Colorado .........: 12,000 12,500 Georgia ..........: 37,200 30,000 Michigan .........: 9,900 8,500 New Jersey .......: 14,700 11,000 Pennsylvania .....: 14,800 15,500 South Carolina ...: 91,600 85,000 : United States ....: 709,200 682,500 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pear Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted August 1, 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Total production State :----------------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : tons : California .......: 118,500 135,000 Oregon ...........: 200,000 210,000 Washington .......: 192,000 280,000 : United States ....: 510,500 625,000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2024 and 2025 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2025 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area planted : Area harvested Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres : Grains and hay : Barley .................................: 2,373 2,281 1,875 1,812 Corn for grain 1/ ......................: 90,594 97,254 82,896 88,691 Corn for silage ........................: (NA) 6,100 Hay, all ...............................: (NA) (NA) 49,390 49,725 Alfalfa ..............................: (NA) (NA) 14,612 14,192 All other ............................: (NA) (NA) 34,778 35,533 Oats ...................................: 2,213 2,343 886 843 Proso millet ...........................: 481 410 427 Rice ...................................: 2,910 2,790 2,867 2,730 Rye ....................................: 2,206 2,415 402 385 Sorghum for grain 1/ ...................: 6,300 6,605 5,605 5,675 Sorghum for silage .....................: (NA) 306 Wheat, all .............................: 46,079 45,391 38,469 36,564 Winter ...............................: 33,390 33,215 26,103 24,735 Durum ................................: 2,064 2,186 2,036 2,139 Other spring .........................: 10,625 9,990 10,330 9,690 : Oilseeds : Canola .................................: 2,751.5 2,388.0 2,710.0 2,349.0 Cottonseed .............................: (X) (X) (X) (X) Flaxseed ...............................: 148 375 140 348 Mustard seed ...........................: 185.0 165.0 176.9 155.8 Peanuts ................................: 1,801.0 1,941.0 1,758.0 1,888.0 Rapeseed ...............................: 17.5 20.1 15.7 18.0 Safflower ..............................: 116.6 130.0 108.0 122.0 Soybeans for beans .....................: 87,050 80,925 86,050 80,104 Sunflower ..............................: 720.8 998.0 686.1 957.7 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops : Cotton, all ............................: 11,183.0 9,277.0 7,805.2 7,355.9 Upland ...............................: 10,976.0 9,136.0 7,604.7 7,218.7 American Pima ........................: 207.0 141.0 200.5 137.2 Sugarbeets .............................: 1,104.3 1,079.0 1,085.5 1,064.6 Sugarcane ..............................: (NA) (NA) 920.0 929.0 Tobacco ................................: (NA) (NA) 167.5 169.7 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas ..............................: 502.0 540.0 492.4 522.8 Dry edible beans .......................: 1,533.0 1,389.0 1,503.6 1,364.5 Dry edible peas ........................: 976.0 1,070.0 939.9 1,024.0 Lentils ................................: 936.0 1,010.0 903.0 964.0 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops ...................................: (NA) (NA) 44.8 41.9 Maple syrup ............................: (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Mushrooms ..............................: (NA) (NA) Peppermint oil .........................: (NA) 23.2 Potatoes ...............................: 930.0 912.0 925.4 905.9 Spearmint oil ..........................: (NA) 10.3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2024 and 2025 (continued) [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2025 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Yield per acre : Production Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : --------- 1,000 -------- : Grains and hay : Barley ..........................bushels: 76.7 77.9 143,836 141,171 Corn for grain ..................bushels: 179.3 188.8 14,866,744 16,741,644 Corn for silage ....................tons: 20.2 123,093 Hay, all ...........................tons: 2.48 2.48 122,462 123,500 Alfalfa ..........................tons: 3.41 3.51 49,840 49,748 All other ........................tons: 2.09 2.08 72,622 73,752 Oats ............................bushels: 76.5 76.2 67,793 64,264 Proso millet ....................bushels: 32.9 14,061 Rice 2/ .............................cwt: 7,748 7,636 222,133 208,464 Rye .............................bushels: 36.6 14,729 Sorghum for grain ...............bushels: 61.3 69.0 343,850 391,495 Sorghum for silage .................tons: 13.3 4,062 Wheat, all ......................bushels: 51.2 52.7 1,971,301 1,927,026 Winter ........................bushels: 51.7 54.8 1,348,930 1,355,135 Durum .........................bushels: 39.3 40.9 80,051 87,411 Other spring ..................bushels: 52.5 50.0 542,320 484,480 : Oilseeds : Canola ...........................pounds: 1,784 4,834,030 Cottonseed .........................tons: (X) (X) 4,262.0 3,999.0 Flaxseed ........................bushels: 17.3 2,420 Mustard seed .....................pounds: 577 102,015 Peanuts ..........................pounds: 3,668 3,838 6,448,020 7,245,600 Rapeseed .........................pounds: 2,019 31,705 Safflower ........................pounds: 1,200 129,585 Soybeans for beans ..............bushels: 50.7 53.6 4,366,492 4,292,206 Sunflower ........................pounds: 1,670 1,145,605 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops : Cotton, all 2/ ....................bales: 886 862 14,413.0 13,214.0 Upland 2/ .......................bales: 880 854 13,942.0 12,850.0 American Pima 2/ ................bales: 1,128 1,273 471.0 364.0 Sugarbeets .........................tons: 32.5 32.9 35,278 35,024 Sugarcane ..........................tons: 37.4 36.5 34,381 33,930 Tobacco ..........................pounds: 1,942 2,159 325,220 366,420 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas 2/ ........................cwt: 1,144 5,632 Dry edible beans 2/ .................cwt: 2,081 2,203 31,289 30,056 Dry edible peas 2/ ..................cwt: 1,775 16,679 Lentils 2/ ..........................cwt: 1,002 9,049 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops .............................pounds: 1,944 1,958 87,072.2 82,103.4 Maple syrup .....................gallons: (NA) (NA) 5,860 5,771 Mushrooms ........................pounds: (NA) 658,739 Peppermint oil ...................pounds: 103 2,391 Potatoes ............................cwt: 454 420,242 Spearmint oil ....................pounds: 132 1,357 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Area planted for all purposes. 2/ Yield in pounds. Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2024 and 2025 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2025 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : hectares : Grains and hay : Barley .........................: 960,330 923,100 758,790 733,300 Corn for grain 1/ ..............: 36,662,490 39,357,720 33,547,180 35,892,360 Corn for silage ................: (NA) 2,468,610 Hay, all 2/ ....................: (NA) (NA) 19,987,640 20,123,210 Alfalfa ......................: (NA) (NA) 5,913,330 5,743,360 All other ....................: (NA) (NA) 14,074,310 14,379,850 Oats ...........................: 895,580 948,190 358,560 341,150 Proso millet ...................: 194,660 165,920 172,800 Rice ...........................: 1,177,650 1,129,090 1,160,250 1,104,800 Rye ............................: 892,750 977,330 162,690 155,810 Sorghum for grain 1/ ...........: 2,549,550 2,672,980 2,268,290 2,296,620 Sorghum for silage .............: (NA) 123,840 Wheat, all 2/ ..................: 18,647,710 18,369,280 15,568,020 14,797,090 Winter .......................: 13,512,600 13,441,780 10,563,620 10,010,010 Durum ........................: 835,280 884,650 823,950 865,630 Other spring .................: 4,299,830 4,042,850 4,180,450 3,921,450 : Oilseeds : Canola .........................: 1,113,500 966,400 1,096,710 950,620 Cottonseed .....................: (X) (X) (X) (X) Flaxseed .......................: 59,890 151,760 56,660 140,830 Mustard seed ...................: 74,870 66,770 71,590 63,050 Peanuts ........................: 728,850 785,500 711,450 764,050 Rapeseed .......................: 7,080 8,130 6,350 7,280 Safflower ......................: 47,190 52,610 43,710 49,370 Soybeans for beans .............: 35,228,260 32,749,540 34,823,570 32,417,290 Sunflower ......................: 291,700 403,880 277,660 387,570 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops: Cotton, all 2/ .................: 4,525,650 3,754,310 3,158,690 2,976,860 Upland .......................: 4,441,880 3,697,250 3,077,550 2,921,340 American Pima ................: 83,770 57,060 81,140 55,520 Sugarbeets .....................: 446,900 436,660 439,290 430,830 Sugarcane ......................: (NA) (NA) 372,310 375,960 Tobacco ........................: (NA) (NA) 67,770 68,680 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas ......................: 203,150 218,530 199,270 211,570 Dry edible beans ...............: 620,390 562,110 608,490 552,200 Dry edible peas ................: 394,980 433,020 380,370 414,400 Lentils ........................: 378,790 408,740 365,440 390,120 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops ...........................: (NA) (NA) 18,130 16,970 Maple syrup ....................: (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Mushrooms ......................: (NA) (NA) Peppermint oil .................: (NA) 9,390 Potatoes .......................: 376,360 369,080 374,500 366,610 Spearmint oil ..................: (NA) 4,170 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2024 and 2025 (continued) [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2025 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Yield per hectare : Production Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : metric tons : Grains and hay : Barley .................................: 4.13 4.19 3,131,660 3,073,640 Corn for grain .........................: 11.26 11.85 377,632,690 425,257,350 Corn for silage ........................: 45.24 111,668,090 Hay, all 2/ ............................: 5.56 5.57 111,095,660 112,037,320 Alfalfa ..............................: 7.65 7.86 45,214,090 45,130,630 All other ............................: 4.68 4.65 65,881,570 66,906,690 Oats ...................................: 2.74 2.73 984,010 932,790 Proso millet ...........................: 1.85 318,900 Rice ...................................: 8.68 8.56 10,075,780 9,455,770 Rye ....................................: 2.30 374,130 Sorghum for grain ......................: 3.85 4.33 8,734,190 9,944,430 Sorghum for silage .....................: 29.76 3,684,980 Wheat, all 2/ ..........................: 3.45 3.54 53,650,020 52,445,050 Winter ...............................: 3.48 3.68 36,711,860 36,880,730 Durum ................................: 2.64 2.75 2,178,630 2,378,940 Other spring .........................: 3.53 3.36 14,759,530 13,185,380 : Oilseeds : Canola .................................: 2.00 2,192,680 Cottonseed .............................: (X) (X) 3,866,420 3,627,830 Flaxseed ...............................: 1.08 61,470 Mustard seed ...........................: 0.65 46,270 Peanuts ................................: 4.11 4.30 2,924,770 3,286,550 Rapeseed ...............................: 2.26 14,380 Safflower ..............................: 1.34 58,780 Soybeans for beans .....................: 3.41 3.60 118,836,440 116,814,700 Sunflower ..............................: 1.87 519,640 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops : Cotton, all 2/ .........................: 0.99 0.97 3,138,060 2,877,010 Upland ...............................: 0.99 0.96 3,035,510 2,797,760 American Pima ........................: 1.26 1.43 102,550 79,250 Sugarbeets .............................: 72.85 73.75 32,003,660 31,773,240 Sugarcane ..............................: 83.77 81.87 31,189,920 30,780,780 Tobacco ................................: 2.18 2.42 147,520 166,210 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas ..............................: 1.28 255,460 Dry edible beans .......................: 2.33 2.47 1,419,250 1,363,320 Dry edible peas ........................: 1.99 756,550 Lentils ................................: 1.12 410,460 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops ...................................: 2.18 2.19 39,500 37,240 Maple syrup ............................: (NA) (NA) 29,300 28,860 Mushrooms ..............................: (NA) 298,800 Peppermint oil .........................: 0.12 1,080 Potatoes ...............................: 50.90 19,061,860 Spearmint oil ..........................: 0.15 620 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Area planted for all purposes. 2/ Total may not add due to rounding. Fruits and Nuts Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2024 and 2025 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2025 crop year, except citrus which is for the 2024-2025 season. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Production Crop :----------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Citrus 1/ : Grapefruit ......................1,000 tons: 328 307 Lemons ..........................1,000 tons: 1,018 1,155 Oranges .........................1,000 tons: 2,679 2,544 Tangerines and mandarins ........1,000 tons: 1,109 1,139 : Noncitrus : Apples, commercial ..........million pounds: 10,853.0 11,470.0 Apricots ..............................tons: 34,300 30,700 Avocados ..............................tons: 197,070 Blueberries, Cultivated .......1,000 pounds: 795,300 Blueberries, Wild (Maine) .....1,000 pounds: 90,900 Cherries, Sweet .......................tons: 367,200 383,000 Cherries, Tart ..............million pounds: 214.8 138.5 Coffee (Hawaii) ...............1,000 pounds: 25,270 Cranberries .........................barrel: 8,946,000 8,130,000 : Dates .................................tons: 62,450 Grapes ................................tons: 5,403,800 5,590,000 Kiwifruit (California) ................tons: 35,400 Nectarines (California) ...............tons: 128,500 Olives (California) ...................tons: 162,500 Papayas (Hawaii) ..............1,000 pounds: 11,000 Peaches ...............................tons: 709,200 682,500 Pears .................................tons: 510,500 625,000 Plums (California) ....................tons: 91,300 Prunes (California) ...................tons: 234,300 Raspberries ...................1,000 pounds: 180,960 Strawberries .....................1,000 cwt: 32,320.0 : Nuts and miscellaneous : Almonds, shelled (California) .1,000 pounds: 2,730,000 3,000,000 Hazelnuts, in-shell (Oregon) ..........tons: 96,800 Macadamias (Hawaii) ...........1,000 pounds: 35,900 Pecans, in-shell ..............1,000 pounds: 264,980 Pistachios (California) .......1,000 pounds: 1,100,000 Walnuts, in-shell (California) ........tons: 603,000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Production years are 2023-2024 and 2024-2025. Fruits and Nuts Production in Metric Units - United States: 2024 and 2025 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2025 crop year, except citrus which is for the 2024-2025 season. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Production Crop :----------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : metric tons : Citrus 1/ : Grapefruit ................................: 297,560 278,510 Lemons ....................................: 923,510 1,047,800 Oranges ...................................: 2,430,350 2,307,880 Tangerines and mandarins ..................: 1,006,070 1,033,280 : Noncitrus : Apples, commercial ........................: 4,922,840 5,202,700 Apricots ..................................: 31,120 27,850 Avocados ..................................: 178,780 Blueberries, Cultivated ...................: 360,740 Blueberries, Wild (Maine) .................: 41,230 Cherries, Sweet ...........................: 333,120 347,450 Cherries, Tart ............................: 97,430 62,820 Coffee (Hawaii) ...........................: 11,460 Cranberries ...............................: 405,780 368,770 : Dates .....................................: 56,650 Grapes ....................................: 4,902,240 5,071,160 Kiwifruit (California) ....................: 32,110 Nectarines (California) ...................: 116,570 Olives (California) .......................: 147,420 Papayas (Hawaii) ..........................: 4,990 Peaches ...................................: 643,380 619,150 Pears .....................................: 463,120 566,990 Plums (California) ........................: 82,830 Prunes (California) .......................: 212,550 Raspberries ...............................: 82,080 Strawberries ..............................: 1,466,010 : Nuts and miscellaneous : Almonds, shelled (California) .............: 1,238,310 1,360,780 Hazelnuts, in-shell (Oregon) ..............: 87,820 Macadamias (Hawaii) .......................: 16,280 Pecans, in-shell ..........................: 120,190 Pistachios (California) ...................: 498,950 Walnuts, in-shell (California) ............: 547,030 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Production years are 2023-2024 and 2024-2025. Winter Wheat for Grain Objective Yield Data The National Agricultural Statistics Service is conducting objective yield surveys in 10 winter wheat-producing States during 2025. Randomly selected plots in winter wheat for grain fields are visited monthly from May through harvest to obtain specific counts and measurements. Data in these tables are based on counts from this survey. Winter Wheat Objective Yield Percent of Samples Processed in the Lab - United States: 2021-2025 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : June : July : August Year :----------------------------------------------------------- : Mature 1/ : Mature 1/ : Mature 1/ --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : 2021 ..........: 7 64 97 2022 ..........: 14 64 91 2023 ..........: 9 52 94 2024 ..........: 21 70 93 2025 ..........: 8 58 94 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Includes winter wheat in the hard dough stage or beyond and are considered mature or almost mature. Winter Wheat Heads per Square Foot - Selected States: 2021-2025 [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : 2021 : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 1/ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : number : Colorado : July ................: 49.9 40.8 41.5 39.8 51.7 August ..............: 46.8 39.7 48.4 40.9 49.8 Final ...............: 46.8 39.7 48.4 40.9 : Illinois : July ................: 63.3 63.1 58.3 63.1 63.4 August ..............: 63.4 62.9 58.3 61.0 63.4 Final ...............: 63.4 62.9 58.3 61.0 : Kansas : July ................: 51.4 40.7 37.3 42.1 51.3 August ..............: 51.4 40.7 38.5 41.1 51.2 Final ...............: 51.4 40.7 38.5 41.1 : Missouri : July ................: 55.4 55.5 48.1 57.0 57.7 August ..............: 55.4 55.5 48.1 56.9 57.7 Final ...............: 55.4 55.5 48.1 56.6 : Montana : July ................: 40.2 36.0 44.3 47.2 46.5 August ..............: 38.9 38.2 44.8 47.2 47.1 Final ...............: 38.9 38.3 44.8 47.2 : Nebraska : July ................: 47.7 45.1 45.7 61.3 51.7 August ..............: 47.0 45.4 43.2 60.6 52.1 Final ...............: 47.0 45.4 43.2 60.6 : Ohio : July ................: 66.7 55.1 57.9 61.5 58.7 August ..............: 66.5 55.0 57.7 60.6 58.7 Final ...............: 66.5 55.0 57.7 60.6 : Oklahoma : July ................: 38.2 35.2 40.2 36.3 37.8 August ..............: 38.2 35.3 40.2 35.1 37.8 Final ...............: 38.2 35.3 40.2 35.1 : Texas : July ................: 32.1 29.0 31.2 30.8 35.2 August ..............: 31.3 28.8 31.3 31.2 34.8 Final ...............: 31.3 28.9 31.7 31.2 : Washington : July ................: 33.3 40.3 31.7 39.0 37.8 August ..............: 33.4 41.0 31.9 38.0 36.8 Final ...............: 33.4 41.1 31.9 37.9 : 10 State : July ................: 45.5 40.6 39.7 42.3 46.9 August ..............: 45.0 40.8 40.7 41.8 46.6 Final ...............: 45.0 40.8 40.8 41.8 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Final head counts will be published in the "Small Grains 2025 Summary." July Weather Summary Highlights: Horrific and deadly flooding along the Guadalupe River and its tributaries struck on July 4, amid complex atmospheric interplay over central Texas between the remnants of Atlantic Basin Tropical Storm Barry and a disturbance laced with tropical moisture originating over the eastern Pacific Basin. Downpours and resultant flash flooding in the Hill Country of Texas developed as Independence Day activities were well underway, leaving flood-prone waterways lined with visitors and campers. Flooding resulted in approximately 135 fatalities, of which at least 117 occurred in Kerr County, Texas. Following the initial blast of heavy rain on July 3-4, another deluge struck a little farther north in central Texas on July 4-5, with several locations in Bertram County and environs receiving more than 10 inches of rain in less than 24 hours. Soon after, Tropical Storm Chantal made landfall on July 6 near Litchfield Beach, South Carolina. Some of Chantal's heaviest rain, locally 6 to 10 inches or more, fell in north-central North Carolina on July 6-7, leading to locally significant flooding. More broadly, most areas east of the Rockies received abundant rainfall for the second month in a row, maintaining mostly favorable growing conditions for a variety of summer crops. By August-3, nearly three-quarters (73 percent) of the Nation's corn and 69 percent of the soybeans were rated in good to excellent condition, with both crops mostly progressing through the reproductive to filling stage of development. On that date, 42 percent of the Nation's corn was in the dough stage or beyond, while 58 percent of the soybeans had set pods. Generally favorable crop conditions on August 3 were also noted across the Plains and South, with good to excellent ratings reported for 78 percent of the rice, 73 percent of the peanuts, 66 percent of the sorghum, and 55 percent of the cotton. Farther north and west, however, lower crop conditions were mostly related to lingering drought impacts on the northern High Plains and emerging impacts in the Northwest. By August 3, less than one-half of the barley (42 percent) and spring wheat (48 percent) was rated in good to excellent condition. Washington led the Nation on August 3 with 50 percent of its barley rated very poor to poor, along with 48 percent of its spring wheat. Trailing closely for spring wheat rated in very poor to poor condition was Montana, with 47 percent of its crop in those two categories. Western drought concerns included not only stress on rangeland, pastures, and dryland crops, but also heavy irrigation demands and an elevated wildfire threat. The Nation's largest wildfire during the first 7 months of 2025 was the 132,000-acre Dragon Bravo Fire, sparked by lightning in northern Arizona on July 4. More than 110 structures, including the historic Grand Canyon Lodge, were destroyed by the Dragon Bravo Fire. In north-central Oregon, the Cram Fire burned more than 95,000 acres in less than 2 weeks, after being started on July 13. Meanwhile, 26 percent of the Nation's rangeland and pastures were reported to be in very poor to poor condition on August 3, with higher statewide values confined to South Carolina and nine Western States (all but California and Colorado). Among states with a large agricultural footprint, some of the lowest rangeland and pasture conditions on August 3 were observed in Montana (50 percent very poor to poor), Oregon (41 percent) and Washington (41 percent). According to the U.S. Drought Monitor, drought coverage across the Lower 48 States decreased from 32.39 to 31.02 percent during the 4-week period ending July 29. However, improving conditions across parts of the Plains, peninsular Florida, and the upper Midwest were partially offset by developing or expanding drought across the Northwest and Intermountain West. Near the end of July, some Extreme to Exceptional Drought (D3 to D4) was noted in 10 of 11 Western States, led by Arizona (37 percent coverage), New Mexico (32 percent), Idaho (17 percent), and Washington (14 percent). Meanwhile, patchy dryness developed during July across the interior Southeast, amid hot weather and less consistent rainfall. Monthly temperatures averaged at least 2 to 4°F above normal in many locations from the mid-South and lower Midwest to the Atlantic Coast. For some locations in the central Appalachians and neighboring regions, it was the hottest July and month on record-not because of extreme heat, but rather due to consistent warmth and elevated overnight temperatures. Some locations, including Huntington, West Virginia, experienced warmer-than-normal weather- based on daily average temperatures-every day during July. Overarching warmth also prevailed in the Northwest, but cooler-than-normal July weather was observed in several areas, including much of Montana and North Dakota, as well as southern sections of the Rockies and Plains. Tornado activity seasonally waned, although nearly 100 twisters were spotted during July. For the first time since January, there were no tornado-related fatalities in the United States during the month, following 68 such deaths during the first half of 2025. Through July, the year-to-date preliminary tally of nearly 1,400 tornadoes was approaching the 2004 annual record of 1,817. More than 1,500 tornadoes were reported in only three other years: 2008, 2011, and 2019. Despite fewer July tornadoes, thunderstorms remained active, as there were more than 3,000 reports of wind damage, many of them across the Plains, Midwest, and East. July Agricultural Summary July brought mixed conditions across key agricultural regions in the United States. Temperatures remained near normal in the northern and central Great Plains, while portions of the southern Great Plains experienced below-normal temperatures. Much of the eastern United States recorded temperatures ranging from 2°F to 6°F above normal for the month. The Southwest recorded near-normal temperatures, while parts of the Pacific Northwest were warmer than normal. Drier conditions prevailed across most of the Southwest, as well as parts of the Lower Mississippi Valley and northern Atlantic Coast States. In contrast, western and central parts of the Corn Belt, central Texas, northern Rockies, and Cascades received precipitation, with some locations recording up to 400 percent of normal for the month. Eighteen percent of the Nation's corn crop had reached the silking stage by July 6, four percentage points behind last year but 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Three percent of the corn crop was at the dough stage by July 6, equal to last year but 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. By July 20, fifty-six percent of the Nation's corn crop had reached the silking stage, 2 percentage points behind both last year and the 5-year average. Fourteen percent of the Nation's corn crop was at the dough stage by July 20, two percentage points behind last year but 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By August 3, eighty-eight percent of the Nation's corn crop had reached the silking stage, 2 percentage points ahead of last year but 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Forty-two percent of the Nation's corn crop was at the dough stage by August 3, two percentage points behind last year but 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Six percent of the Nation's corn crop had reached the dented stage by August 3, equal to both last year and the 5-year average. On August 3, seventy-three percent of the Nation's corn was rated in good to excellent condition, 6 percentage points above the same time last year. By July 6, ninety-six percent of the soybean crop had emerged, 2 percentage points behind both last year and the 5-year average. Thirty-two percent of the Nation's soybean crop had reached the blooming stage by July 6, equal to last year but 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. Eight percent of the soybean crop had begun setting pods by July 6, equal to last year but 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By July 20, sixty-two percent of the Nation's soybean crop had reached the blooming stage, 1 percentage point behind both last year and the 5-year average. Twenty-six percent of the soybean crop had begun setting pods by July 20, one percentage point behind last year but equal to the 5-year average. By August 3, eighty-five percent of the Nation's soybean crop had reached the blooming stage, equal to last year but 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Fifty-eight percent of the soybean crop had begun setting pods by August 3, one percentage point ahead of last year but equal to the 5-year average. On August 3, sixty-nine percent of the Nation's soybean crop was rated in good to excellent condition, 1 percentage point above the same time last year. Fifty-three percent of the 2025 winter wheat acreage had been harvested by July 6, nine percent points behind last year and 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. By July 20, seventy-three percent of the Nation's winter wheat acreage had been harvested, 2 percentage points behind last year but 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. Eighty-six percent of the Nation's winter wheat acreage had been harvested by August 3, one percentage point behind both last year and the 5-year average. The 2025 winter wheat crop was at or beyond 95 percent harvested in 11 of the 18 estimating States by August 3. By July 6, forty-eight percent of the Nation's cotton crop had reached the squaring stage, 3 percentage points behind last year and 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Fourteen percent of the Nation's cotton crop was setting bolls by July 6, four percentage points behind last year and 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. By July 20, seventy-one percent of the Nation's cotton crop had reached the squaring stage, 8 percentage points behind last year and 4 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Thirty-three percent of the Nation's cotton crop was setting bolls by July 20, seven percentage points behind last year but equal to the 5-year average. By August 3, eighty-seven percent of the Nation's cotton crop had reached the squaring stage, 3 percentage points behind last year and 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Fifty-five percent of the Nation's cotton crop was setting bolls by August 3, four percentage points behind last year and 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Five percent of the Nation's cotton had bolls opening by August 3, two percentage points behind last year and 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. On August 3, fifty-five percent of the 2025 cotton crop was rated in good to excellent condition, 10 percentage points above the same time last year. Ninety-six percent of the sorghum crop was planted by July 6, two percent points behind last year and 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Twenty-two percent of the Nation's sorghum had reached the headed stage by July 6, equal to last year but 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Thirteen percent of the Nation's sorghum acreage had reached the coloring stage by July 6, equal to last year but 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. By July 20, twenty-eight percent of the Nation's sorghum had reached the headed stage, 5 percentage points behind last year and 6 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Seventeen percent of the Nation's sorghum acreage had reached the coloring stage by July 20, two percentage points behind both last year and the 5-year average. By August 3, fifty-one percent of the Nation's sorghum had reached the headed stage, 10 percentage points behind last year and 5 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Twenty-three percent of the Nation's sorghum crop had reached the coloring stage by August 3, two percentage points behind last year and 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. On August 3, sixty-six percent of the Nation's sorghum crop was rated in good to excellent condition, 19 percentage points above the same time last year. By July 6, twenty-five percent of the Nation's rice had reached the headed stage, 4 percentage points behind last year but 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Forty-six percent of the Nation's rice had reached the headed stage by July 20, ten percentage points behind last year but 6 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By August 3, seventy-five percent of the Nation's rice had reached the headed stage, 4 percentage points behind last year but 8 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Six percent of the Nation's rice acreage had been harvested by August 3, equal to last year but 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. On August 3, seventy-eight percent of the Nation's rice crop was rated in good to excellent condition, 2 percentage points below the same time last year. Eighty-five percent of the Nation's oat crop had headed by July 6, three percentage points ahead of both last year and the 5-year average. By July 20, ninety-six percent of the Nation's oat crop had headed, 2 percentage points ahead of last year and 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. Twenty percent of the Nation's oat crop had been harvested by July 20, one percentage point behind last year but equal to the 5-year average. By August 3, forty-one percent of the Nation's oat crop had been harvested, 4 percentage points behind last year and 5 percentage points behind the 5-year average. On August 3, fifty-eight percent of the Nation's oat crop was rated in good to excellent condition, 9 percentage points below the same time last year. By July 6, fifty-four percent of the Nation's barley crop had headed, 1 percentage point ahead of last year but 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Seventy-six percent of the Nation's barley crop had headed by July 20, seven percentage points behind last year and 11 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By August 3, ninety percent of the Nation's barley crop had headed, 6 percentage points behind last year and 8 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Five percent of the barley acreage had been harvested by August 3, one percentage point behind last year and 5 percentage points behind the 5-year average. On August 3, forty-two percent of the Nation's barley crop was rated in good to excellent condition, 30 percentage points below the same time last year. Sixty-one percent of the Nation's spring wheat crop was headed by July 6, five percentage points ahead of last year and 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By July 20, eighty-seven percent of the Nation's spring wheat crop was headed, equal to last year but 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. By August 3, ninety-five percent of the Nation's spring wheat crop was headed, 2 percentage points behind last year and 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Five percent of the Nation's spring wheat acreage had been harvested by August 3, equal to last year but 4 percentage points behind the 5-year average. On August 3, forty-eight percent of the Nation's spring wheat crop was rated in good to excellent condition, 26 percentage points below the same time last year. By July 6, fifty-five percent of the 2025 Nation's peanut crop had reached the pegging stage, 1 percentage point behind last year but 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Eighty percent of the Nation's peanut crop had reached the pegging stage by July 20, one percentage point ahead of last year and 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By August 3, ninety-two percent of the Nation's peanut crop had reached the pegging stage, 1 percentage point ahead of last year and 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. On August 3, seventy-three percent of the Nation's peanuts crop was rated in good to excellent condition, 2 percentage points above the same time last year. Crop Comments Corn: Acreage updates were made based on a thorough review of all available data. Total planted area, at 97.3 million acres, is up 2 percent from the previous estimate and up 7 percent from 2024. Area harvested for grain is forecast at 88.7 million acres, up 2 percent from the previous forecast and up 7 percent from last year. Production for grain is forecast at 16.7 billion bushels, which if realized would be the highest production for grain on record for the United States. Based on conditions as of August 1, the yield is forecast at a record high 188.8 bushels per acre, up 9.5 bushels from last year's final estimate of 179.3 bushels per acre. Record high yields are forecast in Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Virginia, and Wisconsin. By June 1, ninety-three percent of this year's corn crop had been planted, 3 percentage points ahead of last year but equal to the 5-year average. Nationally, 78 percent of the corn crop had emerged by June 1, six percentage points ahead of last year and 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. By June 8, ninety-seven percent of this year's corn crop had been planted, 3 percentage points ahead of last year but equal to the 5-year average. Nationally, 87 percent of the corn crop had emerged by June 8, four percentage points ahead of last year but equal to the 5-year average. By June 15, ninety-four percent of this year's corn crop had emerged, 2 percentage points ahead of last year but equal to the 5-year average. By June 22, ninety-seven percent of this year's corn crop had emerged, 1 percentage point ahead of last year but 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Four percent of the Nation's corn crop had reached the silking stage by June 22, equal to last year but 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. Eight percent of the Nation's corn crop had reached the silking stage by June 29, two percentage points behind last year but 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Eighteen percent of the Nation's corn had reached the silking stage by July 6, four percentage points behind last year but 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Three percent of the corn was at the dough stage by July 6, equal to last year but 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. Thirty-four percent of the Nation's corn crop had reached the silking stage by July 13, five percentage points behind last year but 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. Seven percent of the corn was at the dough stage by July 13, equal to last year but 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Fifty-six percent of the Nation's corn crop had reached the silking stage by July 20, two percentage points behind both last year and the 5-year average. Fourteen percent of the corn was at the dough stage by July 20, two percentage points behind last year but 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Seventy-six percent of the Nation's corn crop had reached the silking stage by July 27, one percentage point ahead of last year but 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Twenty-six percent of the corn was at the dough stage by July 27, two percentage points behind last year but 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. On July 27, seventy-three percent of the corn was rated in good to excellent condition. Eighty-eight percent of the Nation's corn had reached the silking stage by August 3, two percentage points ahead of last year but 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Forty-two percent of the corn was at the dough stage by August 3, two percentage points behind last year but 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Six percent of the corn had reached the dented stage by August 3, equal to both last year and the 5-year average. On August 3, seventy-three percent of the Nation's corn was rated in good to excellent condition. Sorghum: Acreage updates were made in several States following a thorough review of all available data. Planted area, at 6.61 million acres, is up 7 percent from the previous estimate and up 5 percent from last year. Area harvested for grain is forecast at 5.68 million acres, up 6 percent from the previous forecast and up 1 percent from 2024. Production is forecast at 391 million bushels, up 14 percent from last year. Based on August 1 conditions, yield is forecast at 69.0 bushels per acre, 7.7 bushels above the 2024 yield of 61.3 bushels per acre. By August 3, fifty-one percent of the Nation's sorghum acreage had reached the headed stage, 10 percentage points behind last year and 5 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Twenty-three percent of the Nation's sorghum acreage was at or beyond the coloring stage by August 3, two percentage points behind last year and 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Sixty-six percent of the Nation's sorghum acreage was rated in good to excellent condition on August 3, even with the previous week but 19 percentage points above the previous year. Oats: Acreage updates were made based on a thorough review of all available data. Planted area, at 2.34 million acres, is up 2 percent from the previous estimate and up 6 percent from last year. Growers expect to harvest 843,000 acres for grain, up 2 percent from the previous forecast but down 5 percent from 2024. Production is forecast at 64.3 million bushels, up 3 percent from the previous forecast but down 5 percent from the 2024 crop. Based on conditions as of August 1, the United States yield is forecast at 76.2 bushels per acre, up 0.7 bushel from last month but down 0.3 bushel from the 2024 crop. The yield forecast for the Nation will be the second highest on record, if realized. Planted area is estimated at a record low level for Idaho, Maine, New York, Oregon, and Texas. If realized, the area harvested for grain will be a record low for Maine, New York, and Wisconsin. A record high yield is forecast in Illinois, Michigan, and Texas. As of August 4, forty-one percent of the Nation's oat acreage was harvested, 4 percentage points behind last year and 5 percentage points behind the 5-year average. At that time, 58 percent of the oat crop was rated in good to excellent condition compared to 67 percent at the same time last year. Barley: Acreage updates were made based on a thorough review of all available data. Total planted area, at a record low 2.28 million acres, is down 6 percent from the Acreage report and down 4 percent from 2024. Area harvested for grain is forecast at 1.81 million acres, down 5 percent from the Acreage report and down 3 percent from last year. If realized, area harvested for the Nation will be the lowest since 1875. Production is forecast at 141 million bushels, down 2 percent from 2024. Based on conditions as of August 1, the average yield for the United States is forecast at 77.9 bushels per acre, up 1.2 bushels from last year. Planted area is estimated at a record low level for California, Colorado, Oregon, Washington, and Wisconsin. Planted area is estimated at a record high level in Alaska. Harvested area for New York will be a record low, if realized. Ninety percent of the Nation's barley acreage had reached the headed stage by August 3, six percentage points behind the previous year and 8 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By August 3, barley producers harvested 5 percent of the Nation's barley crop, 1 percentage point behind last year and 5 percentage points behind the 5-year average. On August 3, eighty- one percent of the Nation's barley acreage was rated in fair to good condition, 7 percentage points below the same time last year. Winter wheat: Acreage updates were made based on a thorough review of all available data. Total planted area, at 33.2 million acres, is down less than 1 percent from the Acreage report, and down 1 percent from 2024. Area expected to be harvested for grain or seed totals 24.7 million acres, down less than 1 percent from the Acreage report and down 5 percent from last year. Production is forecast at 1.36 billion bushels, up 1 percent from the previous forecast and up less than 1 percent from 2024. Based on August 1 conditions, the United States yield is forecast at 54.8 bushels per acre, up 0.6 bushel from last month and up 3.1 bushels from last year. Record high yields are forecast in Illinois, Michigan, Missouri and Texas for 2025. Forecasted head counts from the objective yield survey in the six Hard Red Winter States (Colorado, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, Oklahoma, and Texas) are above last year's levels in Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma and Texas, but below last year's level in Montana and Nebraska. As of August 3, harvest progress was 30 percent complete in Montana, 10 percentage points behind the 5-year pace. In South Dakota, 79 percent of the acreage was harvested, 7 percentage points behind the 5-year pace. Harvest progress was complete or nearly complete in Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, Oklahoma, and Texas. Forecasted head counts from the objective yield survey in the three Soft Red Winter States (Illinois, Missouri, and Ohio) are above last year's levels in Illinois and Missouri, but below last year's level in Ohio. As of August 3, harvest progress in Michigan was at 89 percent, equal to the 5-year pace. Harvest progress in the Soft Red Winter (SRW) growing area was complete in Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Missouri, North Carolina, and Ohio. Forecasted head counts from the objective yield survey in Washington are below last year. As of August 3, harvest progress was at 33 percent in Idaho, 68 percent in Oregon, and 54 percent in Washington. Durum wheat: Acreage updates were made based on a thorough review of all available data. Total planted area, at 2.19 million acres, is up 4 percent from the Acreage report, and up 6 percent from 2024. Area expected to be harvested for grain or seed totals 2.14 million acres, up 4 percent from the Acreage report and up 5 percent from 2024. Production is forecast at 87.4 million bushels, up 10 percent from the previous forecast, and up 9 percent from 2024. The United States yield is forecast at 40.9 bushels per acre, up 2.2 bushels from the previous forecast, and up 1.6 bushels from last year. A record high yield is forecast in North Dakota for 2024. Montana and North Dakota are the two largest Durum-producing States. As of August 3, one percent of the acreage in Montana and 59 percent of the acreage in North Dakota were rated in good to excellent condition. As of August 3, Montana Durum wheat progress was 46 percent turning color, 15 percentage points behind the 5-year average. In North Dakota, Durum wheat turning color progress was 63 percent as of August 3, three percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Other spring wheat: Acreage updates were made based on a thorough review of all available data. Total planted area, at 9.99 million acres, is down 1 percent from the Acreage report released on June 30, 2025, and down 6 percent from 2024. The area expected to be harvested for grain or seed is expected to total 9.69 million acres, down 1 percent from the Acreage report and down 6 percent from 2024. Production is forecast at 484 million bushels, down 4 percent from the previous forecast and down 11 percent from 2024. The United States yield is forecast at 50.0 bushels per acre, down 1.7 bushel from the previous forecast and down 2.5 bushels from a year ago. In the six major producing States, 48 percent of the other spring wheat acreage was rated in good to excellent condition compared to 74 percent at the same time in 2024. Rice: Acreage updates were made based on a thorough review of all available data. Planted area, at 2.79 million acres, is up 4 percent from the previous estimate but down 4 percent from the previous year. Area for harvest is expected to total 2.73 million acres, up 3 percent from the previous estimate but down 5 percent from last year. Production is forecast at 208 million cwt, down 6 percent from 2024. Based on conditions as of August 1, the average United States yield is forecast at 7,636 pounds per acre, down 112 pounds per acre from 2024. Compared with the previous year, production increases are expected in California, Louisiana, and Mississippi. Seventy-five percent of the Nation's rice had reached the headed stage by August 3, four percentage points behind last year but 8 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Six percent of the rice had been harvested by August 3, equal to last year but 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. Seventy-eight percent of the Nation's rice was rated in good to excellent condition as of August 3. Alfalfa and alfalfa mixtures: Production of alfalfa and alfalfa mixture dry hay for 2025 is forecast at 49.7 million tons, down less than 1 percent from 2024. Based on August 1 conditions, yields are expected to average a record high 3.51 tons per acre, up 0.10 ton from last year. Harvested area is forecast at 14.2 million acres, unchanged from the Acreage report but down 3 percent from 2024. If realized, the forecasted yield will be a record high for Iowa, Kentucky, New Mexico, and Wisconsin. Record low harvested acres are expected in California, Colorado, and Virginia. Other hay: Production of other hay is forecast at 73.8 million tons, up 2 percent from 2024. Based on August 1 conditions, the United States yield is expected to average 2.08 tons per acre, down 0.01 ton from last year. Harvested area is forecast at 35.5 million acres, unchanged from the Acreage report but up 2 percent from 2024. If realized, the forecasted yield will be a record high for Illinois, Iowa, and Nebraska. Record low harvested acres are expected in Ohio. Soybeans: Acreage updates were made in several States based on a thorough review of all available data. Total planted area, at 80.9 million acres, is down 3 percent from the previous estimate and down 7 percent from the previous year. Acreage harvested for beans is forecast at 80.1 million acres, down 3 percent from the previous forecast and down 7 percent from last year. Production is forecast at 4.29 billion bushels, down 2 percent from 2024. The forecasted yield, at 53.6 bushels per acre, is up 2.9 bushels from last year's final estimate of 50.7 bushels per acre. If realized, this would be the highest yield on record for the Nation. Planting was underway by the end of April in all 18 major soybean-producing States. Eighteen percent of the acreage was planted by April 27, one percentage point ahead of last year and 6 percentage points ahead of the 5- -year average. Eighty-four percent of the soybean acreage was planted by June 1, seven percentage points ahead of last year and 4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Nationally, 75 percent of the soybean acreage had emerged by June 8, seven percentage points ahead of last year and 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. At that time, soybean emergence was ahead of the 5-year average in 12 of the 18 major soybean- producing States. By June 29, seventeen percent of the soybean acreage was blooming, 1 percentage point behind last year but 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. By August 3, fifty-eight percent of the soybean acreage was setting pods, 1 percentage point ahead of last year but equal to the 5-year average. As of August 3, sixty-nine percent of the soybean acreage was rated in good to excellent condition compared with 68 percent on August 4, 2024. Soybean acreage was rated in better condition than last year in 12 of the 18 major soybean-producing States, with Kansas, Louisiana, Minnesota, North Carolina, and Wisconsin improving more than 10 percentage points compared to last year. If realized, the forecasted yield will be a record high in Arkansas, Delaware, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, and Virginia. Peanuts: Acreage updates were made based on a thorough review of all available data. Total planted area, at 1.94 million acres, is up 2 percent from the previous estimate and up 8 percent from 2024. Area harvested is expected to total 1.89 million acres, up 2 percent from the previous forecast and up 7 percent from 2024. Record high harvested acres are expected in Arkansas. United States peanut production is forecast to reach a record high of 7.25 billion pounds, up 12 percent from 2024, with record high production in Georgia and North Carolina. Based on conditions as of August 1, the average yield for the United States is forecast at 3,838 pounds per acre, up 170 pounds per acre from 2024. As of August 3, ninety-two percent of the Nation's peanut crop had reached the pegging state, 1 percentage point ahead of the previous year and 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. At that time, seventy-three percent of the peanut acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, 5 percentage points above the previous week and 2 percentage points above the same time last year. Cotton: Acreage updates were made in several States based on a thorough review of all available data. Area planted to Upland cotton is estimated at 9.14 million acres, down 8 percent from the previous estimate and down 17 percent from 2024. Upland harvested area for the Nation is expected to total 7.22 million acres, down 5 percent from last year. Pima cotton planted area is estimated at 141,000 acres, down 18 percent from the previous forecast and down 32 percent from 2024. Pima harvested area is expected at 137,200 acres is down 32 percent from last year. Eighty-seven percent of the Nation's cotton acreage had reached the squaring stage by August 3, three percentage points behind last year and 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Fifty-five percent of the Nation's cotton acreage had begun setting bolls by August 3, four percentage points behind last year and 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Five percent of the Nation's cotton had open bolls at that time, 2 percentage points behind last year and 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. On August 3, fifty-five percent of the 2024 cotton acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, even with the previous week but 10 percentage points above the previous year. Dry beans: Acreage updates were made based on a thorough review of all available data. Area planted is estimated at 1.39 million acres, down 13 percent from the Acreage report and down 9 percent from 2024. Area harvested is forecast at 1.36 million acres, down 13 percent from the Acreage report and down 9 percent from 2024. Production of dry edible beans is forecast at 30.1 million cwt, down 4 percent from 2024. The yield is forecast at 2,203 pounds per acre, an increase of 122 pounds from last season. Sugarbeets: Acreage updates were made based on a thorough review of all available data. Total planted area, at 1.08 million acres, is down 1 percent from the previous estimate and down 2 percent from 2024. Producers expect to harvest 1.06 million acres, down 2 percent from last year. Production of sugarbeets for the 2025 crop year is forecast at 35.0 million tons, down 1 percent from last year. Yield is forecast at 32.9 tons per acre, up 0.4 ton from last year. Sugarcane: Production of sugarcane for sugar and seed is forecast at 33.9 million tons, down 1 percent from 2024. Producers intend to harvest 929,000 acres for sugar and seed during the 2024 crop year, up 1 percent from 2024. Yields for sugar and seed are expected to average 36.5 tons per acre, down 0.9 ton from 2024. Record high sugarcane for sugar and seed production is expected in Louisiana. Tobacco: Acreage updates were made based on a thorough review of all available data. Area harvested for tobacco is expected to total 169,700 acres for the Nation, up 2 percent from the Acreage report and up 1 percent from 2024. The 2025 United States all tobacco production is forecast at 366 million pounds, up 13 percent from 2024. Yield for the 2025 tobacco crop year is forecast at 2,159 pounds per acre, 217 pounds above last year's average. Hops: Production of hops is forecast at 82.1 million pounds for 2025, down 6 percent from last year. Area harvested is forecast at 41,938 acres, down 6 percent from 2024. Yield is forecast at 1,958 pounds per acre, 14 pounds higher than the 2024 yield. Apples, commercial: United States apple total production for the 2025 crop year is forecast at 11.5 billion pounds, up 6 percent from the previous year. In Washington, the largest growing State, production is expected to be a record high, up 7 percent from the previous year. Cranberries: United States cranberry total production for the 2025 season is forecast at 8.13 million barrels, down 9 percent from the 2024 crop year. In Wisconsin, the largest growing State, production is forecast at 5.30 million barrels, down 3 percent from last year. Production in Massachusetts, forecast at 1.75 million barrels, is down 22 percent from last year. Grapes: United States grape production is forecast at 5.59 million tons, up 3 percent from last season. In California, the largest producing State, wine type grape production is forecast at 3.00 million tons, up 4 percent from last season, and represents 60 percent of California's total grape production. California's table grape production is forecast at 980,000 tons, unchanged from last season, and represents 20 percent of California's total crop production. California raisin type grape production is forecast at 1.00 million tons, down 1 percent from last season and represents 20 percent of California total grape production. Peaches: United States peach total production for the 2025 season is forecast at 682,500 tons, down 4 percent from 2024. In California, the largest growing State, production is forecast at 520,000 tons, down 5 percent from the previous forecast and down 2 percent from 2024. California Clingstone production is forecast at 230,000 tons, unchanged from the previous forecast but down less than 1 percent from 2024. California Freestone production is forecast at 290,000 tons, down 9 percent from the previous forecast and down 3 percent from 2024. South Carolina production is forecast at 85,000 tons, down 7 percent from last year. Georgia production is forecast at 30,000 tons, down 19 percent from last year. Pears: Total production for 2025 is forecast at 625,000 tons, up 22 percent from last year. California production is rebounding from a low production season in 2024. Statistical Methodology Survey procedures: Objective yield and farm operator surveys were conducted between July 25 and August 6 to gather information on expected yields as of August 1. The objective yield survey for winter wheat was conducted in 10 States that account for 71 percent of the 2024 winter wheat production. Farm operators selected for the objective yield survey were interviewed to update previously reported acreage data and seek permission to randomly locate two sample plots in selected fields for the objective yield survey. The counts made within each sample plot depend on the crop and the maturity of that crop. In all cases, the number of plants is recorded along with other measurements that provide information to forecast the number of heads and their weight. The counts are used with similar data from previous years to develop a projected biological yield. The average harvesting loss is subtracted to obtain a net yield. The plots are revisited each month until crop maturity when the fruit are harvested and weighed. After the farm operator has harvested the sample field, another plot is sampled to obtain current year harvesting loss. The objective yield survey will be conducted for corn and soybeans beginning in September. The farm operator survey was conducted primarily by telephone with some use of mail, internet, and personal interviews. Approximately 14,900 producers were interviewed during the survey period and asked questions about probable yield. These growers will continue to be surveyed throughout the growing season to provide indications of average yields. Estimating procedures: National and State level objective yield and grower reported data were reviewed for reasonableness and consistency with historical estimates. The survey data were also reviewed considering weather patterns and crop progress compared with previous months and previous years. Each Regional Field Office submits their analysis of the current situation to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the survey data and the State analyses to prepare the published August 1 forecasts. Revision policy: The August 1 production forecast will not be revised; instead, a new forecast will be made each month throughout the growing season. End-of-season estimates are made after harvest. At the end of the marketing season, a balance sheet is calculated using carryover stocks, production, imports, exports, millings, feeding, and ending stocks. Revisions are then made if the balance sheet relationships or other administrative data warrant changes. Estimates of acres for barley, corn, cotton, dry edible beans, oats, peanuts, rice, sorghum, soybeans, sugarbeets, and wheat are subject to revision in the August Crop Production report. Acres for chickpeas, corn, cotton, dry edible peas, lentils, peanuts, rice, sorghum, soybeans, and sugarbeets are subject to revision in the September Crop Production report each year. Barley, oats, rye, and wheat end-of-season estimates are published in the Small Grains Annual Summary report at the end of September. Canola, dry edible beans, and sunflower acres are subject to revision in the October Crop Production report. Potato acres are subject to revision in the November Crop Production report. End-of-season estimates for all other row crops are published in the Annual Crop Production Summary in January. Revisions to planted acres will only be made when either special survey data, administrative data, such as Farm Service Agency certified acreage data, or remote sensing data are available. Harvested acres may be revised any time a production forecast is made if there is sufficient data indicating that the intended harvested area has changed since the last forecast. Reliability: To assist users in evaluating the reliability of the August 1 production forecast, the "Root Mean Square Error," a statistical measure based on past performance, is computed. The deviation between the August 1 production forecast and the final estimate is expressed as a percentage of the final estimate. The average of the squared percentage deviations for the latest 20-year period is computed. The square root of the average becomes statistically the "Root Mean Square Error." Probability statements can be made concerning expected differences in the current forecast relative to the final end-of-season estimate, assuming that factors affecting this year's forecast are not different from those influencing recent years. For example, the "Root Mean Square Error" for the August 1 corn for grain production forecast is 3.8 percent. This means that chances are 2 out of 3 that the current production forecast will not be above or below the final estimate by more than 3.8 percent. Chances are 9 out of 10 (90 percent confidence level) that the difference will not exceed 6.5 percent. Also, shown in the following table is a 20-year record for selected crops of the differences between the August 1 forecast and the final estimate. Using corn again as an example, changes between the August 1 forecast and the final estimate during the last 20 years have averaged 370 million bushels, ranging from 5 million bushels to 1.19 billion bushels. The August 1 forecast has been below the final estimate 7 times and above 13 times. This does not imply that the August 1 corn forecast this year is likely to understate or overstate final production. Reliability of August 1 Crop Production Forecasts [Based on data for the past twenty years] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : Difference between forecast : : : and final estimate : : :------------------------------------------------------- : :90 percent : Production : Years Crop : Root mean :confidence :------------------------------------------------------- :square error: interval : : : : Below : Above : : : Average :Smallest : Largest : final : final --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---- percent --- --------- millions -------- --- number -- : Barley ................bushels: 6.3 10.8 9 (Z) 25 9 11 Corn for grain ........bushels: 3.8 6.5 370 5 1,192 7 13 Hay : Alfalfa .................tons: 4.3 7.4 2 (Z) 5 5 15 Other ...................tons: 3.6 6.1 2 (Z) 5 3 17 Oats ..................bushels: 10.7 18.6 6 (Z) 14 6 14 Peanuts ................pounds: 8.2 14.1 356 47 1,461 10 10 Rice ......................cwt: 5.3 9.1 9 1 20 8 12 Sorghum for grain .....bushels: 14.9 25.7 28 (Z) 98 12 8 Soybeans for beans ....bushels: 5.0 8.6 145 6 350 12 8 Sugarbeets ...............tons: 6.9 11.9 2 (Z) 6 10 10 Sugarcane ................tons: 6.4 11.0 2 (Z) 4 11 9 Upland cotton 1/ ........bales: 9.7 16.7 1,229 195 3,464 7 13 Wheat : Winter wheat .........bushels: 2.9 5.0 28 (Z) 95 5 15 Durum wheat ..........bushels: 9.2 15.9 6 1 12 10 10 Other spring .........bushels: 6.5 11.2 28 1 69 9 11 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (Z) Less than half of the unit shown. 1/ Quantity is in thousands of units. USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service Information Contacts Listed below are the commodity statisticians in the Crops Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to nass@usda.gov Anthony Prillaman, Acting Chief, Crops Branch............................................................ (202) 720-2127 Chris Hawthorn, Head, Field Crops Section (202) 720-2127 Joshua Bates - Asparagus, Hemp, Maple Syrup, Soybeans (202) 690-3234 Natasha Bruton - Cotton System Consumption and Stocks, Grain Crushings, Fats and Oils, Flour Milling Products, Broccoli, Cauliflower, Plums, Prunes (202) 690-1042 Noemi Guindin - Crop Progress and Condition, Kiwifruit (202) 720-2127 Michelle Harder - Hay, Kale, Peanuts, Raspberries................................................... (202) 690-8533 Deonne Holiday - Almonds, Carrots, Coffee, Cranberries, Garlic, Onions Proso Millet, Rye, Tobacco..................................................................... (202) 720-4288 Bret Holliman - Apricots, Barley, Chickpeas, Nectarines, Peaches, Snap Beans, Tomatoes (202) 720-7235 James Johanson - Dry Edible Beans, Lettuce, Macadamias, Wheat (202) 720-8068 Greg Lemmons - Beets, Corn, Flaxseed, Pears, Rice, Sweet Corn (202) 720-9526 Krishna Rizal - Artichokes, Celery, Grapefruit, Lemons, Mandarins and tangerines, Mint, Mushrooms, Olives, Oranges, Pistachios................................................... (202) 720-5412 Chris Singh - Apples, Cucumbers, Hazelnuts, Potatoes, Pumpkins, Squash, Sugarbeets, Sugarcane, Sweet Potatoes (202) 720-4285 Becky Sommer - Cabbage, Cotton, Cotton Ginnings, Sorghum, Walnuts, Strawberries (202) 720-5944 Travis Thorson - Blueberries, Canola, Mustard Seed, Rapeseed, Safflower, Spinach, Sunflower............................................................................. (202) 720-7369 Antonio Torres - Cantaloupes, Dry Edible Peas, Grapes, Green Peas, Honeydews, Lentils, Oats, Sweet Cherries, Tart Cherries, Watermelons........................... (202) 720-2157 Chris Wallace - Avocados, Bell Peppers, Chile Peppers, Dates, Floriculture, Hops, Papayas, Pecans.......................................................................... (202) 720-4215 Access to NASS Reports For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways: All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: www.nass.usda.gov. 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