Crop Production ISSN: 1936-3737 Released June 12, 2024, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Winter Wheat Production Up 1 Percent from May Forecast Orange Production Up Less Than 1 Percent Winter wheat production is forecast at 1.29 billion bushels, up 1 percent from the May 1 forecast and up 4 percent from 2023. As of June 1, the United States yield is forecast at 51.4 bushels per acre, up 0.7 bushel from last month and up 0.8 bushel from last year's average yield of 50.6 bushels per acre. Hard Red Winter production, at 726 million bushels, is up 3 percent from last month. Soft Red Winter, at 342 million bushels, is down less than 1 percent from the May forecast. White Winter, at 226 million bushels, is down 1 percent from last month. Of the White Winter production, 17.8 million bushels are Hard White and 209 million bushels are Soft White. The United States all orange forecast for the 2023-2024 season is 2.69 million tons, up less than 1 percent from the previous forecast but up 6 percent from the 2022-2023 final utilization. The Florida all orange forecast, at 17.9 million boxes (804,000 tons), is up less than 1 percent from the previous forecast and up 13 percent from last season's final utilization. In Florida, early, midseason, and Navel varieties are forecast at 6.76 million boxes (304,000 tons), down 1 percent from the previous forecast but up 10 percent from last season's final utilization. The Florida Valencia orange forecast, at 11.1 million boxes (500,000 tons), is up 1 percent from the previous forecast and up 15 percent from last season's final utilization. This report was approved on June 12, 2024. Secretary of Agriculture Designate Jason Hafemeister Agricultural Statistics Board Chairperson Lance Honig Contents Winter Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted June 1, 2024............................................................................................. 5 Durum Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted June 1, 2024............................................................................................. 6 Wheat Production by Class - United States: 2023 and Forecasted June 1, 2024.............................. 6 Hops Area Harvested by Variety - States and United States: 2023 and 2024................................. 7 Hops Organic Area Harvested - United States: 2023 and 2024............................................... 8 Utilized Production of Citrus Fruits by Crop - States and United States: 2022-2023 and Forecasted June 1, 2024............................................................................................. 9 Tart Cherry Production - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted June 1, 2024...................... 10 Sweet Cherry Production - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted June 1, 2024..................... 10 Maple Syrup Taps, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2022-2024............................ 11 Maple Syrup Price and Value - States and United States: 2022-2024........................................ 11 Maple Syrup Sales by Type - States and United States: 2022 and 2023...................................... 12 Maple Syrup Retail and Wholesale Price - States and United States: 2022 and 2023......................... 12 Maple Syrup Bulk Price - States and United States: 2022 and 2023......................................... 13 Maple Syrup Grade - States and United States: 2022 and 2023.............................................. 13 Maple Sap Sales and Price - States and United States: 2022 and 2023...................................... 13 Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2023 and 2024.. 14 Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2023 and 2024.... 16 Fruits and Nuts Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2023 and 2024.............................. 18 Fruits and Nuts Production in Metric Units - United States: 2023 and 2024................................ 19 Winter Wheat Objective Yield Percent of Samples Processed in the Lab - United States: 2020-2024.......... 20 Percent of Normal Precipitation Map...................................................................... 21 Departure from Normal Temperature Map.................................................................... 21 May Weather Summary...................................................................................... 22 May Agricultural Summary................................................................................. 23 Crop Comments............................................................................................ 25 Statistical Methodology.................................................................................. 27 Reliability of June 1 Crop Production Forecasts.......................................................... 28 Information Contacts..................................................................................... 29 Winter Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted June 1, 2024 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production :------------------------------------------------------------------------ State : : : : 2024 : : : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 :-------------------: 2023 : 2024 : : : : May 1 : June 1 : : ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres ------- bushels ------- --- 1,000 bushels --- : Arkansas .......: 165 75 57.0 50.0 50.0 9,405 3,750 California .....: 80 80 80.0 80.0 82.0 6,400 6,560 Colorado .......: 1,820 1,850 41.0 44.0 41.0 74,620 75,850 Idaho ..........: 630 690 89.0 90.0 85.0 56,070 58,650 Illinois .......: 780 680 87.0 83.0 82.0 67,860 55,760 Indiana ........: 335 240 92.0 84.0 86.0 30,820 20,640 Kansas .........: 5,750 7,050 35.0 38.0 40.0 201,250 282,000 Kentucky .......: 460 370 88.0 83.0 83.0 40,480 30,710 Maryland .......: 195 175 85.0 82.0 82.0 16,575 14,350 Michigan .......: 560 380 83.0 85.0 87.0 46,480 33,060 : Missouri .......: 600 500 70.0 67.0 68.0 42,000 34,000 Montana ........: 1,680 1,850 51.0 47.0 51.0 85,680 94,350 Nebraska .......: 880 850 42.0 47.0 50.0 36,960 42,500 North Carolina .: 400 320 70.0 64.0 60.0 28,000 19,200 Ohio ...........: 590 450 90.0 84.0 83.0 53,100 37,350 Oklahoma .......: 2,450 2,600 28.0 37.0 38.0 68,600 98,800 Oregon .........: 725 715 56.0 68.0 70.0 40,600 50,050 Pennsylvania ...: 230 200 76.0 77.0 77.0 17,480 15,400 South Dakota ...: 700 780 47.0 52.0 54.0 32,900 42,120 Tennessee ......: 390 310 80.0 80.0 76.0 31,200 23,560 : Texas ..........: 2,100 2,100 37.0 34.0 34.0 77,700 71,400 Virginia .......: 135 100 78.0 71.0 70.0 10,530 7,000 Washington .....: 1,750 1,800 54.0 65.0 64.0 94,500 115,200 Wisconsin ......: 230 200 76.0 78.0 79.0 17,480 15,800 : Other States 1/ : 1,048 833 58.3 56.2 56.2 61,058 46,825 : United States ..: 24,683 25,198 50.6 50.7 51.4 1,247,748 1,294,885 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ For 2023, other States include Alabama, Delaware, Georgia, Mississippi, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Dakota, South Carolina, Utah, and Wyoming. For 2024, other States include Alabama, Delaware, Georgia, Mississippi, New Mexico, New York, North Dakota, South Carolina, Utah, and Wyoming. Individual State level estimates will be published in the "Small Grains 2024 Summary." Durum Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted June 1, 2024 [Area harvested for the United States and remaining States will be published in the "Acreage" report released June 2024. Yield and production will be published in the "Crop Production" report released July 2024. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : 2024 : : : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 :-------------------: 2023 : 2024 : : : : May 1 : June 1 : : ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres --------- bushels -------- 1,000 bushels : Arizona ........: 37 59 103.0 103.0 102.0 3,811 6,018 California .....: 17 16 114.0 103.0 103.0 1,938 1,648 Idaho 1/ .......: 10 (NA) 65.0 (NA) (NA) 650 (NA) Montana ........: 675 31.0 20,925 North Dakota ...: 865 37.0 32,005 : United States ..: 1,604 37.0 59,329 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. 1/ Estimates discontinued in 2024. Wheat Production by Class - United States: 2023 and Forecasted June 1, 2024 [Wheat class estimates are based on the latest available data including both surveys and administrative data. The previous end-of-year season class percentages are used throughout the forecast season for States that do not have survey or administrative data available. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Crop : 2023 : 2024 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 bushels : Winter : Hard red ..........: 601,017 726,443 Soft red ..........: 449,017 342,052 Hard white ........: 14,142 17,778 Soft white ........: 183,572 208,612 : Spring : Hard red ..........: 468,068 Hard white ........: 8,745 Soft white ........: 28,087 Durum .............: 59,329 : Total .......... : 1,811,977 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Hops Area Harvested by Variety - States and United States: 2023 and 2024 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State and variety : Area harvested : Strung for harvest ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : acres : Idaho : Amarillo R, VGXP01 ...... : 537 514 Apollo TM ............... : 209 211 Cascade ...........................: 699 325 Cashmere ..........................: 91 (D) Chinook ...........................: 409 191 Citra R, HBC 394 ........ : 1,014 609 Columbus/Tomahawk R/Zeus (CTZ) : 1,059 822 Comet .............................: 108 (D) El Dorado R ............. : 242 (D) Elani TM, YQH-1320 ...... : 8 8 : Eureka! TM .............. : 525 376 Hallertauer Mittelfruher ..........: 159 159 Helios TM, HS15619 ...... : 503 642 Idaho 7 R ............... : 290 260 Mosaic R, HBC 369 ....... : 1,120 497 Mt. Rainier .......................: 66 - Saaz ..............................: 380 379 Simcoe R, YCR 14 ........ : 257 70 Willamette ........................: 459 157 Experimental ......................: (D) 35 : Other varieties 1/ ................: 510 715 : Total .............................: 8,645 5,970 : Oregon : Amarillo R, VGXP01 ...... : 204 217 Cascade ...........................: 629 493 Centennial ........................: 386 420 Chinook ...........................: 76 63 Citra R, HBC 394 ........ : 1,528 1,326 Crystal ...........................: 240 198 Liberty ...........................: 25 25 Mosaic R, HBC 369 ....... : 847 690 Mt. Hood ..........................: 188 145 Mt. Rainier .......................: 109 (D) : Nugget ............................: 375 257 Simcoe R, YCR 14 ........ : 466 401 Sterling ..........................: 30 40 Strata R, OR91331 ....... : 839 583 Tahoma ............................: 104 (D) Willamette ........................: 439 181 : Other varieties 1/ ................: 337 552 : Total .............................: 6,822 5,591 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Hops Area Harvested by Variety - States and United States: 2023 and 2024 (continued) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State and variety : Area harvested : Strung for harvest ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : acres : Washington : Amarillo R, VGXP01 ...... : 1,436 1,275 Apollo TM ............... : 802 870 Azacca R, ADHA-483 ...... : 401 387 Bravo TM ................ : 206 102 Cascade ...........................: 3,156 2,167 Cashmere ..........................: 258 202 Centennial ........................: 2,103 2,082 Chinook ...........................: 1,216 954 Citra R, HBC 394 ........ : 6,314 4,785 Cluster ...........................: 195 281 : Columbus/Tomahawk R/Zeus (CTZ) : 5,295 4,666 Comet .............................: 175 173 Ekuanot R, HBC 366 ...... : 373 347 El Dorado R ............. : 621 481 Elani TM, YQH-1320 ...... : 61 58 Eureka! TM .............. : 621 480 HBC 682 ...........................: 2,226 2,414 Helios TM, HS15619 ...... : 1,006 1,287 Idaho 7 R ............... : 148 150 Loral R, HBC 291 ........ : 161 107 : Mosaic R, HBC 369 ....... : 3,309 2,430 Mt. Hood ..........................: (D) 50 Mt. Rainier .......................: 212 (D) Palisade R, YCR 4 ....... : 260 316 Pekko R, ADHA-871 ....... : 1,045 (D) Sabro R, HBC 438 ........ : 203 203 Simcoe R, YCR 14 ........ : 3,483 2,839 Super Galena TM ......... : 354 355 Tahoma ............................: 385 258 Talus R, HBC 692 ........ : 147 95 : Warrior R, YCR 5 ........ : 148 128 Willamette ........................: 199 176 Experimental ......................: 602 567 : Other varieties 1/ ................: 1,730 2,297 : Total .............................: 38,851 32,982 : United States .................. : 54,318 44,543 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. (D)Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. R Registered TM Trademark 1/ Includes data withheld to avoid disclosure of individual operations and varieties not listed. Hops Organic Area Harvested - United States: 2023 and 2024 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Strung for harvest ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : acres : United States .....................: 634 476 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Utilized Production of Citrus Fruits by Crop - States and United States: 2022-2023 and Forecasted June 1, 2024 [The crop year begins with the bloom of the first year shown and ends with the completion of harvest the following year] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Utilized production boxes 1/ :Utilized production ton equivalent Crop and State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022-2023 : 2023-2024 : 2022-2023 : 2023-2024 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ 1,000 boxes ----- ------ 1,000 tons ----- Oranges : California, all 2/ .........: 44,700 46,000 1,788 1,840 Early, mid, and Navel 3/ ..: 36,100 38,000 1,444 1,520 Valencia ..................: 8,600 8,000 344 320 : Florida, all ...............: 15,820 17,860 712 804 Early, mid, and Navel 3/ ..: 6,150 6,760 277 304 Valencia ..................: 9,670 11,100 435 500 : Texas, all 2/ ..............: 1,130 1,100 48 47 Early, mid, and Navel 3/ ..: 570 700 24 30 Valencia ..................: 560 400 24 17 : United States, all .........: 61,650 64,960 2,548 2,691 Early, mid, and Navel 3/ ..: 42,820 45,460 1,745 1,854 Valencia ..................: 18,830 19,500 803 837 : Grapefruit : California 2/ ..............: 4,300 4,100 172 164 Florida, all ...............: 1,810 1,790 77 76 Texas 2/ ...................: 2,250 2,600 90 104 : United States ..............: 8,360 8,490 339 344 : Tangerines and mandarins 4/ : California 2/ ..............: 23,550 22,000 942 880 Florida ....................: 480 450 23 21 : United States ..............: 24,030 22,450 965 901 : Lemons 2/ : Arizona ....................: 1,400 1,050 56 42 California .................: 26,000 22,000 1,040 880 : United States ..............: 27,400 23,050 1,096 922 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Net pounds per box: oranges in California-80, Florida-90, Texas-85; grapefruit in California-80, Florida-85, Texas-80; tangerines and mandarins in California-80, Florida-95; lemons-80. 2/ Estimates for current year carried forward from an earlier forecast. 3/ Navel and miscellaneous varieties in California. Early (including Navel) and midseason varieties in Florida and Texas. 4/ Includes tangelos and tangors. Tart Cherry Production - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted June 1, 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Total production State :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : million pounds : Michigan ................: 133.0 182.0 New York 1/ .............: (D) (NA) Utah ....................: 32.7 40.0 Washington 1/ ...........: (D) (NA) Wisconsin 1/ ............: 10.0 (NA) : Other States ............: 24.5 (X) : United States ...........: 200.2 222.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Estimates discontinued in 2024. Sweet Cherry Production - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted June 1, 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Total production State :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : tons : California ..............: 107,500 105,000 Michigan 1/ .............: (NA) 22,000 Oregon ..................: 38,800 43,000 Washington ..............: 208,000 185,000 : United States ...........: 354,300 355,000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Estimates began in 2024. Maple Syrup Taps, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2022-2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Acreage : Number of taps : Yield per tap : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 :2024 1/: 2022 : 2023 : 2024 : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : -------- acres ------- ----- 1,000 taps ----- ------ gallons ------ --- 1,000 gallons --- : Connecticut 1/ ...: (NA) (NA) 2,800 (NA) (NA) 60 (NA) (NA) 0.186 (NA) (NA) 11 Indiana 1/ .......: (NA) (NA) 3,300 (NA) (NA) 95 (NA) (NA) 0.228 (NA) (NA) 22 Maine ............: (NA) (NA) 21,500 1,950 1,880 1,900 0.349 0.250 0.369 681 470 701 Massachusetts 1/ .: (NA) (NA) 4,600 (NA) (NA) 200 (NA) (NA) 0.244 (NA) (NA) 49 Michigan .........: (NA) (NA) 11,300 640 620 650 0.336 0.330 0.308 215 205 200 Minnesota 1/ .....: (NA) (NA) 3,700 (NA) (NA) 96 (NA) (NA) 0.271 (NA) (NA) 26 New Hampshire ....: (NA) (NA) 11,200 560 490 520 0.308 0.303 0.286 172 148 149 New York .........: (NA) (NA) 60,000 2,900 2,500 2,800 0.291 0.300 0.302 844 750 846 Ohio 1/ ..........: (NA) (NA) 12,300 (NA) (NA) 400 (NA) (NA) 0.240 (NA) (NA) 96 Pennsylvania .....: (NA) (NA) 13,700 920 780 790 0.219 0.263 0.231 201 205 182 : Vermont ..........: (NA) (NA) 141,000 8,500 8,100 8,400 0.384 0.322 0.370 3,264 2,608 3,108 West Virginia 1/ .: (NA) (NA) 2,200 (NA) (NA) 70 (NA) (NA) 0.171 (NA) (NA) 12 Wisconsin ........: (NA) (NA) 31,100 1,270 1,120 1,140 0.481 0.408 0.402 611 457 458 : United States ....: (NA) (NA) 318,700 16,740 15,490 17,121 0.358 0.313 0.342 5,988 4,843 5,860 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. 1/ Estimates began in 2024. Maple Syrup Price and Value - States and United States: 2022-2024 [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Average price per gallon : Value of production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 1/ : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : --------- dollars -------- ------ 1,000 dollars ------ : Maine ............: 34.90 31.50 23,767 14,805 Michigan .........: 37.10 42.80 7,977 8,774 New Hampshire ....: 52.20 50.30 8,978 7,444 New York .........: 37.50 35.40 31,650 26,550 Pennsylvania .....: 34.90 37.00 7,015 7,585 Vermont ..........: 33.10 30.30 108,038 79,022 Wisconsin ........: 31.40 31.70 19,185 14,487 : United States ....: 34.50 32.80 206,610 158,667 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Price and value for 2024 will be published in "Crop Production" released June 2025. Maple Syrup Sales by Type - States and United States: 2022 and 2023 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Retail : Wholesale : Bulk : Value Added State :--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 gallons 1,000 gallons 1,000 gallons 1,000 gallons : Maine ............: 32 32 80 67 567 354 2 17 Michigan .........: 68 65 77 69 60 68 10 3 New Hampshire ....: 57 34 85 80 24 27 6 7 New York .........: 177 155 164 106 463 458 40 31 Pennsylvania .....: 50 78 44 33 95 82 12 12 Vermont ..........: 302 221 250 125 2,675 2,209 37 53 Wisconsin ........: 48 51 105 40 456 354 2 12 : United States ....: 734 636 805 520 4,340 3,552 109 135 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Maple Syrup Retail and Wholesale Price - States and United States: 2022 and 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Retail : Wholesale State :------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per gallon dollars per gallon : Maine ............: 63.00 69.80 39.60 41.90 Michigan .........: 50.80 56.60 31.90 44.30 New Hampshire ....: 59.60 64.90 54.90 53.70 New York .........: 53.00 53.80 43.60 43.40 Pennsylvania .....: 45.40 47.10 38.60 42.00 Vermont ..........: 54.00 57.10 37.30 40.80 Wisconsin ........: 52.70 52.00 35.70 46.40 : United States ....: 53.60 55.70 40.00 44.40 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Maple Syrup Bulk Price - States and United States: 2022 and 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Bulk all grades : Bulk all grades State :------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per pound dollars per gallon : Maine ............: 2.96 2.37 32.60 26.10 Michigan .........: 2.58 2.56 28.40 28.20 New Hampshire ....: 2.33 1.97 25.70 21.70 New York .........: 2.67 2.48 29.40 27.30 Pennsylvania .....: 2.51 2.30 27.70 25.30 Vermont ..........: 2.75 2.45 30.30 27.00 Wisconsin ........: 2.56 2.46 28.20 27.10 : United States ....: 2.70 2.40 30.20 26.90 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Maple Syrup Grade - States and United States: 2022 and 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Grade A : Processing Grade State :------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : --------- gallons -------- -------- gallons ------- : Maine ............: 630,791 413,136 48,209 39,864 Michigan .........: 189,215 198,970 15,785 3,030 New Hampshire ....: 152,720 137,052 13,280 3,948 New York .........: 766,212 688,802 37,788 30,198 Pennsylvania .....: 175,014 176,016 13,986 16,984 Vermont ..........: 2,797,809 2,498,790 429,191 56,210 Wisconsin ........: 572,460 436,100 36,540 8,900 : United States ....: 5,284,221 4,548,866 594,779 159,134 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Maple Sap Sales and Price - States and United States: 2022 and 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Sap Sales : Sap Price State :------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : --------- gallons --------- dollars per gallon : Maine ............: (D) (D) (D) (D) Michigan .........: (D) 193,650 (D) 0.34 New Hampshire ....: 60,000 260,000 0.27 0.28 New York .........: 794,000 1,419,000 0.52 0.23 Pennsylvania .....: 108,000 (D) 0.35 (D) Vermont ..........: 4,634,000 8,447,000 0.90 0.31 Wisconsin ........: 1,487,000 1,502,000 0.29 0.33 : Other States 1/ ..: 104,000 172,000 1.55 0.22 : United States ....: 7,187,000 11,993,650 0.70 0.30 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. 1/ Includes data withheld above. Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2023 and 2024 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2024 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area planted : Area harvested Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres : Grains and hay : Barley .................................: 3,101 2,566 2,555 Corn for grain 1/ ......................: 94,641 90,036 86,513 Corn for silage ........................: (NA) 6,471 Hay, all ...............................: (NA) (NA) 52,821 51,562 Alfalfa ..............................: (NA) 15,634 All other ............................: (NA) 37,187 Oats ...................................: 2,555 2,318 831 Proso millet ...........................: 619 572 Rice ...................................: 2,894 2,932 2,854 Rye ....................................: 2,293 322 Sorghum for grain 1/ ...................: 7,195 6,395 6,115 Sorghum for silage .....................: (NA) 384 Wheat, all .............................: 49,575 47,498 37,272 Winter ...............................: 36,699 34,135 24,683 25,198 Durum ................................: 1,676 2,028 1,604 Other spring .........................: 11,200 11,335 10,985 : Oilseeds : Canola .................................: 2,344.5 2,366.5 2,319.2 Cottonseed .............................: (X) (X) Flaxseed ...............................: 178 105 160 Mustard seed ...........................: 245.0 238.1 Peanuts ................................: 1,645.0 1,651.0 1,574.0 Rapeseed ...............................: 13.2 10.1 Safflower ..............................: 129.5 126.0 Soybeans for beans .....................: 83,600 86,510 82,356 Sunflower ..............................: 1,315.0 957.5 1,267.5 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops : Cotton, all ............................: 10,230.0 10,673.0 6,439.6 Upland ...............................: 10,083.0 10,470.0 6,301.8 American Pima ........................: 147.0 203.0 137.8 Sugarbeets .............................: 1,137.4 1,129.0 1,127.3 Sugarcane ..............................: (NA) 929.6 Tobacco ................................: (NA) (NA) 187.6 165.3 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas ..............................: 372.4 429.0 359.2 Dry edible beans .......................: 1,180.0 1,316.0 1,156.9 Dry edible peas ........................: 966.0 974.0 941.0 Lentils ................................: 546.0 762.0 523.0 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops ...................................: (NA) (NA) 54.3 44.5 Maple syrup ............................: (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Mushrooms ..............................: (NA) (NA) Peppermint oil .........................: (NA) 31.3 Potatoes ...............................: 965.0 960.2 Spearmint oil ..........................: (NA) 12.2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2023 and 2024 (continued) [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2024 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Yield per acre : Production Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : --------- 1,000 -------- : Grains and hay : Barley ..........................bushels: 72.4 185,036 Corn for grain ..................bushels: 177.3 15,341,595 Corn for silage ....................tons: 20.1 129,994 Hay, all ...........................tons: 2.25 118,769 Alfalfa ..........................tons: 3.19 49,916 All other ........................tons: 1.85 68,853 Oats ............................bushels: 68.6 57,045 Proso millet ....................bushels: 34.2 19,572 Rice 2/ .............................cwt: 7,649 218,291 Rye .............................bushels: 32.2 10,375 Sorghum for grain ...............bushels: 52.0 317,745 Sorghum for silage .................tons: 13.0 4,981 Wheat, all ......................bushels: 48.6 1,811,977 Winter ........................bushels: 50.6 51.4 1,247,748 1,294,885 Durum .........................bushels: 37.0 59,329 Other spring ..................bushels: 46.0 504,900 : Oilseeds : Canola ...........................pounds: 1,793 4,157,420 Cottonseed .........................tons: (X) 3,644.0 Flaxseed ........................bushels: 18.5 2,961 Mustard seed .....................pounds: 627 149,305 Peanuts ..........................pounds: 3,742 5,890,020 Rapeseed .........................pounds: 2,003 20,230 Safflower ........................pounds: 1,036 130,570 Soybeans for beans ..............bushels: 50.6 4,164,677 Sunflower ........................pounds: 1,786 2,263,520 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops : Cotton, all 2/ ....................bales: 899 12,066.0 Upland 2/ .......................bales: 895 11,750.0 American Pima 2/ ................bales: 1,101 316.0 Sugarbeets .........................tons: 31.2 35,226 Sugarcane ..........................tons: 36.3 33,766 Tobacco ..........................pounds: 2,305 432,452 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas 2/ ........................cwt: 1,315 4,722 Dry edible beans 2/ .................cwt: 2,067 23,910 Dry edible peas 2/ ..................cwt: 1,922 18,086 Lentils 2/ ..........................cwt: 1,098 5,742 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops .............................pounds: 1,915 104,042.5 Maple syrup .....................gallons: (NA) (NA) 4,843 5,860 Mushrooms ........................pounds: (NA) 666,647 Peppermint oil ...................pounds: 90 2,811 Potatoes ............................cwt: 459 440,750 Spearmint oil ....................pounds: 126 1,541 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Area planted for all purposes. 2/ Yield in pounds. Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2023 and 2024 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2024 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : hectares : Grains and hay : Barley .........................: 1,254,940 1,038,430 1,033,980 Corn for grain 1/ ..............: 38,300,270 36,436,670 35,010,950 Corn for silage ................: (NA) 2,618,750 Hay, all 2/ ....................: (NA) (NA) 21,376,130 20,866,630 Alfalfa ......................: (NA) 6,326,920 All other ....................: (NA) 15,049,210 Oats ...........................: 1,033,980 938,070 336,300 Proso millet ...................: 250,500 231,480 Rice ...........................: 1,171,170 1,186,550 1,154,990 Rye ............................: 927,950 130,310 Sorghum for grain 1/ ...........: 2,911,740 2,587,990 2,474,680 Sorghum for silage .............: (NA) 155,400 Wheat, all 2/ ..................: 20,062,510 19,221,970 15,083,610 Winter .......................: 14,851,720 13,814,090 9,988,960 10,197,380 Durum ........................: 678,260 820,710 649,120 Other spring .................: 4,532,530 4,587,160 4,445,520 : Oilseeds : Canola .........................: 948,800 957,700 938,560 Cottonseed .....................: (X) (X) Flaxseed .......................: 72,030 42,490 64,750 Mustard seed ...................: 99,150 96,360 Peanuts ........................: 665,720 668,140 636,980 Rapeseed .......................: 5,340 4,090 Safflower ......................: 52,410 50,990 Soybeans for beans .............: 33,832,080 35,009,730 33,328,650 Sunflower ......................: 532,170 387,490 512,940 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops: Cotton, all 2/ .................: 4,139,980 4,319,260 2,606,040 Upland .......................: 4,080,490 4,237,100 2,550,280 American Pima ................: 59,490 82,150 55,770 Sugarbeets .....................: 460,290 456,900 456,210 Sugarcane ......................: (NA) 376,200 Tobacco ........................: (NA) (NA) 75,930 66,900 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas ......................: 150,710 173,610 145,360 Dry edible beans ...............: 477,530 532,570 468,190 Dry edible peas ................: 390,930 394,170 380,810 Lentils ........................: 220,960 308,370 211,650 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops ...........................: (NA) (NA) 21,980 18,030 Maple syrup ....................: (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Mushrooms ......................: (NA) (NA) Peppermint oil .................: (NA) 12,670 Potatoes .......................: 390,530 388,580 Spearmint oil ..................: (NA) 4,940 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2023 and 2024 (continued) [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2024 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Yield per hectare : Production Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : metric tons : Grains and hay : Barley .................................: 3.90 4,028,680 Corn for grain .........................: 11.13 389,694,460 Corn for silage ........................: 45.03 117,928,570 Hay, all 2/ ............................: 5.04 107,745,420 Alfalfa ..............................: 7.16 45,283,030 All other ............................: 4.15 62,462,390 Oats ...................................: 2.46 828,010 Proso millet ...........................: 1.92 443,890 Rice ...................................: 8.57 9,901,510 Rye ....................................: 2.02 263,540 Sorghum for grain ......................: 3.26 8,071,090 Sorghum for silage .....................: 29.08 4,518,690 Wheat, all 2/ ..........................: 3.27 49,313,930 Winter ...............................: 3.40 3.46 33,958,140 35,240,990 Durum ................................: 2.49 1,614,670 Other spring .........................: 3.09 13,741,130 : Oilseeds : Canola .................................: 2.01 1,885,770 Cottonseed .............................: (X) 3,305,780 Flaxseed ...............................: 1.16 75,210 Mustard seed ...........................: 0.70 67,720 Peanuts ................................: 4.19 2,671,670 Rapeseed ...............................: 2.25 9,180 Safflower ..............................: 1.16 59,230 Soybeans for beans .....................: 3.40 113,343,930 Sunflower ..............................: 2.00 1,026,720 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops : Cotton, all 2/ .........................: 1.01 2,627,060 Upland ...............................: 1.00 2,558,260 American Pima ........................: 1.23 68,800 Sugarbeets .............................: 70.05 31,956,490 Sugarcane ..............................: 81.42 30,632,000 Tobacco ................................: 2.58 196,160 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas ..............................: 1.47 214,190 Dry edible beans .......................: 2.32 1,084,540 Dry edible peas ........................: 2.15 820,370 Lentils ................................: 1.23 260,450 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops ...................................: 2.15 47,190 Maple syrup ............................: (NA) (NA) 24,220 29,300 Mushrooms ..............................: (NA) 302,390 Peppermint oil .........................: 0.10 1,280 Potatoes ...............................: 51.45 19,992,090 Spearmint oil ..........................: 0.14 700 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Area planted for all purposes. 2/ Total may not add due to rounding. Fruits and Nuts Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2023 and 2024 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2024 crop year, except citrus which is for the 2023-2024 season. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Production Crop :----------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Citrus 1/ : Grapefruit ......................1,000 tons: 339 344 Lemons ..........................1,000 tons: 1,096 922 Oranges .........................1,000 tons: 2,548 2,691 Tangerines and mandarins ........1,000 tons: 965 901 : Noncitrus : Apples, commercial ..........million pounds: 11,357.5 Apricots ..............................tons: 35,820 Avocados ..............................tons: 128,850 Blueberries, Cultivated .......1,000 pounds: 648,000 Blueberries, Wild (Maine) .....1,000 pounds: 87,600 Cherries, Sweet .......................tons: 354,300 355,000 Cherries, Tart ..............million pounds: 200.2 222.0 Coffee (Hawaii) ...............1,000 pounds: 23,310 Cranberries .........................barrel: 8,110,000 : Dates .................................tons: 49,050 Grapes ................................tons: 5,909,500 Kiwifruit (California) ................tons: 27,400 Nectarines (California) ...............tons: 145,500 Olives (California) ...................tons: 121,500 Papayas (Hawaii) ..............1,000 pounds: 10,250 Peaches ...............................tons: 588,540 Pears .................................tons: 665,500 Plums (California) ....................tons: 89,600 Prunes (California) ...................tons: 287,400 Raspberries ...................1,000 pounds: 138,100 Strawberries .....................1,000 cwt: 27,560.0 : Nuts and miscellaneous : Almonds, shelled (California) .1,000 pounds: 2,470,000 3,000,000 Hazelnuts, in-shell (Oregon) ..........tons: 94,200 Macadamias (Hawaii) ...........1,000 pounds: 36,800 Pecans, in-shell ..............1,000 pounds: 306,750 Pistachios (California) .......1,000 pounds: 1,490,000 Walnuts, in-shell (California) ........tons: 824,000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Production years are 2022-2023 and 2023-2024. Fruits and Nuts Production in Metric Units - United States: 2023 and 2024 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2024 crop year, except citrus which is for the 2023-2024 season. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Production Crop :----------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : metric tons : Citrus 1/ : Grapefruit ................................: 307,540 312,070 Lemons ....................................: 994,270 836,420 Oranges ...................................: 2,311,510 2,441,230 Tangerines and mandarins ..................: 875,430 817,370 : Noncitrus : Apples, commercial ........................: 5,151,680 Apricots ..................................: 32,500 Avocados ..................................: 116,890 Blueberries, Cultivated ...................: 293,930 Blueberries, Wild (Maine) .................: 39,730 Cherries, Sweet ...........................: 321,420 322,050 Cherries, Tart ............................: 90,810 100,700 Coffee (Hawaii) ...........................: 10,570 Cranberries ...............................: 367,860 : Dates .....................................: 44,500 Grapes ....................................: 5,361,010 Kiwifruit (California) ....................: 24,860 Nectarines (California) ...................: 132,000 Olives (California) .......................: 110,220 Papayas (Hawaii) ..........................: 4,650 Peaches ...................................: 533,910 Pears .....................................: 603,730 Plums (California) ........................: 81,280 Prunes (California) .......................: 260,720 Raspberries ...............................: 62,640 Strawberries ..............................: 1,250,100 : Nuts and miscellaneous : Almonds, shelled (California) .............: 1,120,370 1,360,780 Hazelnuts, in-shell (Oregon) ..............: 85,460 Macadamias (Hawaii) .......................: 16,690 Pecans, in-shell ..........................: 139,140 Pistachios (California) ...................: 675,850 Walnuts, in-shell (California) ............: 747,520 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Production years are 2022-2023 and 2023-2024. Winter Wheat for Grain Objective Yield Data The National Agricultural Statistics Service is conducting objective yield surveys in 10 winter wheat-producing States during 2024. Randomly selected plots in winter wheat for grain fields are visited monthly from May through harvest to obtain specific counts and measurements. Data in this table are based on counts from this survey. Winter Wheat Objective Yield Percent of Samples Processed in the Lab - United States: 2020-2024 [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : June : July : August Year :----------------------------------------------------------- : Mature 1/ : Mature 1/ : Mature 1/ --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : 2020 ..........: 14 64 92 2021 ..........: 7 64 97 2022 ..........: 14 64 91 2023 ..........: 9 52 94 2024 ..........: 21 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Includes winter wheat in the hard dough stage or beyond and are considered mature or almost mature. May Weather Summary A stable jet-stream configuration (Western trough and Eastern ridge), combined with a moisture contribution from elevated sea-surface temperatures in the Atlantic Basin, fueled almost daily showers and thunderstorms in the central and eastern United States. Tornadoes were reported somewhere in the continental United States each day during the month, except May 15 and 18, while there were more than 3,800 May reports of thunderstorm-induced wind damage and well over 1,800 observations of hail at least one inch in diameter. The Nation's preliminary monthly count of 571 tornadoes nearly matched the highest May total on record; 573 twisters were documented in May 2003. The month's most frenetic periods of severe weather included May 6-9 and 19-28, with major outbreaks occurring on the night of May 8-9 from the Ozark Plateau to the Carolinas, and on May 26-27 from the middle Mississippi Valley to the Mid-Atlantic. Tragically, ten individual tornadoes- on May 6, 8, 13, 21, 25, and 26-resulted in 25 fatalities across eight states. On May 25, a thunderstorm over Cooke County, Texas, spawned the Nation's deadliest tornado (seven fatalities) since March 31, 2023, when nine individuals perished in McNairy County, Tennessee. National drought coverage remained at a 4-year low during May, according to the U.S. Drought Monitor, dropping to 12.55 percent by May 28. That value was down more than 20 percentage points from 32.98 percent on January 2, 2024. As recently as October 10, 2023, national drought coverage had been above 40 percent. Correspondingly, national corn and soybean production areas in drought dropped to 5 and 3 percent, respectively, by May 28. In fact, among major row crops in the United States, only sorghum (54 percent in drought) and winter wheat (25 percent) had appreciable acreage still experiencing drought at the end of May, largely due to lingering pockets of soil moisture shortages on the Plains. By June 2, topsoil moisture was rated at least one-quarter very short to short in seven of ten states comprising the Rockies and Plains-all but Nebraska and the Dakotas-led by New Mexico (83 percent very short to short), Montana (47 percent), Colorado (33 percent), and Texas (33 percent). By month's end, however, pockets of short-term dryness developed in portions of the Atlantic Coast States, including South Carolina (topsoil moisture rated 59 percent very short to short), Delaware (49 percent), and Florida (40 percent). Florida's peninsula also contended with its hottest May on record, encompassing most communities along and south of a line from Tampa to Orlando. Record-setting heat extended westward along the Gulf Coast into southern and coastal Texas. The unprecedented, early-season heat across southern Texas and peninsular Florida contributed to heavy irrigation demands for citrus and other crops. Farther north, however, frequent showers erased most of the remaining vestiges of Midwestern drought and provided abundant moisture in most areas for emerging summer crops. Excessively wet conditions developed in a few areas, slowing late-season planting and leaving topsoil moisture rated more than 20 percent surplus by June 2 in seven Midwestern States and six Southern States. On that date, topsoil moisture was rated at least 40 percent surplus in Louisiana (47 percent), Kentucky (42 percent), and Minnesota (40 percent). Despite the local wetness, planting progress for all major row crops, except peanuts, was at or ahead of the 5-year average pace by June 2. On that date, only 9 percent of the Nation's intended corn acreage, along with 22 percent of the soybeans, remained to be planted. Given the warmth and ample wetness of May, many crops that had been planted were able to emerge and quickly develop. Winter wheat development was also generally ahead of schedule on June 2, with 83 percent of the crop headed (versus the 5-year average of 78 percent) and 6 percent harvested (versus the average of 3 percent). On that date, Texas led the Nation with 33 percent of its winter wheat harvested, followed by Oklahoma at 22 percent. Among the 18 reporting states for winter wheat, only four-Kansas (34 percent very poor to poor), Colorado (24 percent), Washington (19 percent), and Texas (19 percent)-noted a very poor to poor rating on June 2 above the national value of 18 percent. With the jet stream often diving southward in the western United States, monthly temperatures averaged at least 2 to 4°F below normal across the Intermountain region. Conversely, a northward-displaced jet stream east of the Rockies led to May readings broadly ranging from 2 to 6°F above normal from the mid-South into the Northeast, including the southern and eastern Corn Belt. Similar temperature departures (2 to 6°F above normal) across the Deep South were sufficiently extreme to shatter May heat records that had stood since 1915 in Orlando, Florida, and since 1933 in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. For the first time on record, the May average temperature topped 80°F in Baton Rouge, along with Florida locations such as Melbourne and Vero Beach. May Agricultural Summary May was warmer than average for most of the Nation's East and midsection. Parts of South Texas, as well as locations in Mississippi and New York, recorded temperature 6°F or more above normal. In contrast, much of the West was cooler than normal. Parts of the Rockies recorded temperatures 4°F or more below normal. While most of southern Florida and the Southwest remained dryer than normal, at least twice the normal amount of rainfall was recorded in parts of the Upper Midwest, Rockies, and South. A series of storms during the month of May brought 18 inches of rain or more to parts of East Texas. By May 5, producers had planted 36 percent of the Nation's corn crop, 6 percentage points behind last year and 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Twelve percent of the Nation's corn acreage had emerged by May 5, two percentage points ahead of the previous year and 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By May 19, producers had planted 70 percent of the Nation's corn crop, 6 percentage points behind last year and 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Forty percent of the Nation's corn acreage had emerged by May 19, six percentage points behind the previous year but 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. By June 2, producers had planted 91 percent of the Nation's corn crop, 4 percentage points behind last year but 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Seventy-four percent of the Nation's corn acreage had emerged by June 2, seven percentage points behind the previous year but 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. On June 2, seventy-five percent of the Nation's corn acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, 11 percentage points above the previous year. Twenty-five percent of the Nation's soybean acreage was planted by May 5, five percentage points behind last year but 4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Nine percent of the Nation's soybean acreage had emerged by May 5, two percentage points ahead of last year and 5 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Fifty-two percent of the Nation's soybean acreage was planted by May 19, nine percentage points behind last year but 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Twenty-six percent of the Nation's soybean acreage had emerged by May 19, five percentage points behind last year but 5 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Seventy-eight percent of the Nation's soybean acreage was planted by June 2, eleven percentage points behind last year but 5 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Fifty-five percent of the Nation's soybean acreage had emerged by June 2, fourteen percentage points behind last year but 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By May 5, forty-three percent of the Nation's winter wheat crop was headed, 9 percentage points ahead of last year and 11 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By May 19, sixty-nine percent of the Nation's winter wheat crop was headed, 11 percentage points ahead of last year and 12 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By June 2, eighty-three percent of the Nation's winter wheat crop was headed, 4 percentage points ahead of last year and 5 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Six percent of the 2024 winter wheat acreage had been harvested by June 2, three percentage points ahead of both last year and the 5-year average. On June 2, forty-nine percent of the 2024 winter wheat crop was reported in good to excellent condition, 13 percentage points above the same time last year. Nationwide, 24 percent of the cotton crop was planted by May 5, four percentage points ahead of both the previous year and the 5-year average. Nationwide, 44 percent of the cotton crop was planted by May 19, two percentage points ahead of the previous year but equal to the 5-year average. Nationwide, 70 percent of the cotton crop was planted by June 2, two percentage points ahead of the previous year but equal to the 5-year average. Nine percent of the Nation's cotton acreage had reached the squaring stage by June 2, four percentage points ahead of last year and 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. On June 2, sixty-one percent of the 2024 cotton acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, 10 percentage points above the same time last year. Twenty-three percent of the Nation's sorghum acreage was planted by May 5, equal to last year but 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. Thirty-two percent of the Nation's sorghum acreage was planted by May 19, equal to last year but 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Fifty-one percent of the Nation's sorghum acreage was planted by June 2, four percentage points ahead of last year and 5 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Texas had planted 84 percent of its sorghum acreage by June 2, equal to last year but 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. By May 5, producers had seeded 78 percent of the 2024 rice acreage, 9 percentage points ahead of the previous year and 18 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By May 5, sixty percent of the Nation's rice acreage had emerged, 10 percentage points ahead of last year and 21 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By May 19, producers had seeded 92 percent of the 2024 rice acreage, 4 percentage points ahead of the previous year and 8 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By May 19, seventy-six percent of the Nation's rice acreage had emerged, 3 percentage points ahead of last year and 13 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By June 2, eighty-eight percent of the Nation's rice acreage had emerged, 1 percentage point ahead of last year and 4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. On June 2, eighty-one percent of the Nation's rice acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, 11 percentage points above the same time last year. Nationally, oat producers had seeded 70 percent of this year's acreage by May 5, thirteen percentage points ahead of last year and 9 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Forty-nine percent of the Nation's oat acreage was emerged by May 5, ten percentage points ahead of the previous year and 7 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Nationally, oat producers had seeded 87 percent of this year's acreage by May 19, eight percentage points ahead of last year and 5 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Sixty-nine percent of the Nation's oat acreage was emerged by May 19, seven percentage points ahead of the previous year and 6 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Nationally, oat producers had seeded 97 percent of this year's acreage by June 2, one percentage point ahead of last year and 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Eighty-seven percent of the Nation's oat acreage was emerged by June 2, four percentage points ahead of both the previous year and the 5-year average. Thirty-three percent of the Nation's oat acreage had headed by June 2, three percentage points ahead of last year and 5 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. On June 2, sixty-eight percent of the Nation's oat acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, 11 percentage points above the same time last year. Forty-seven percent of the Nation's barley crop was planted by May 5, fourteen percentage points ahead of last year and 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Fourteen percent of the Nation's barley crop had emerged by May 5, five percentage points ahead of the previous year but 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Seventy-eight percent of the Nation's barley crop was planted by May 19, thirteen percentage points ahead of last year and 4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Forty-eight percent of the Nation's barley crop had emerged by May 19, twenty percentage points ahead of the previous year and 5 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Ninety-four percent of the Nation's barley crop was planted by June 2, four percentage points ahead of last year and 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. Seventy-four percent of the Nation's barley crop had emerged by June 2, seven percentage points ahead of the previous year but equal to the 5-year average. On June 2, seventy-four percent of the Nation's barley acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, 9 percentage points above the same time last year. By May 5, forty-seven percent of the spring wheat crop was seeded, 26 percentage points ahead of last year and 16 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By May 5, twelve percent of the Nation's spring wheat crop had emerged, 8 percentage points ahead of the previous year and 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By May 19, seventy-nine percent of the spring wheat crop was seeded, 22 percentage points ahead of last year and 14 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By May 19, forty-three percent of the Nation's spring wheat crop had emerged, 16 percentage points ahead of the previous year and 10 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By June 2, ninety-four percent of the spring wheat crop was seeded, 3 percentage points ahead of last year and 4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Spring wheat planting progress was at or ahead of the 5-year average in all 6 estimating States. By June 2, seventy-eight percent of the Nation's spring wheat crop had emerged, 7 percentage points ahead of the previous year and 9 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. On June 2, seventy-four percent of the Nation's spring wheat was rated in good to excellent condition, 10 percentage points above last year. Nationally, peanut producers had planted 22 percent of the 2024 peanut acreage by May 5, eight percentage points ahead of the previous year and 4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Nationally, peanut producers had planted 54 percent of the 2024 peanut acreage by May 19, four percentage points ahead of the previous year but equal to the 5-year average. Nationally, peanut producers had planted 82 percent of the 2024 peanut acreage by June 2, one percentage point ahead of the previous year but 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Producers in Georgia, the largest peanut-producing State, had planted 79 percent of the 2024 intended acreage by June 2, six percentage points behind the previous year and 8 percentage points behind the 5-year average. On June 2, sixty-three percent of the Nation's peanut acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, 9 percentage points below the same time last year. By May 5, eighty percent of the sugarbeet crop was planted, 44 percentage points ahead of last year and 34 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By May 19, ninety-eight percent of the sugarbeet crop was planted, 8 percentage points ahead of last year and 17 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Planting progress was nearing completion in all 4 estimating States. Ten percent of the Nation's intended 2024 sunflower acreage was planted by May 19, six percentage points ahead of last year and 4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Thirty-eight percent of the Nation's intended 2024 sunflower acreage was planted by June 2, one percentage point ahead of last year and 4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Planting progress in North Dakota and South Dakota advanced by 22 percentage points and 20 percentage points, respectively, during the week ending June 2. Crop Comments Winter wheat: Production is forecast at 1.29 billion bushels, up 1 percent from the May 1 forecast and up 4 percent from 2023. As of June 1, the United States yield is forecast at 51.4 bushels per acre, up 0.7 bushel from last month and up 0.8 bushel from last year's average yield of 50.6 bushels per acre. Montana, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin are expecting record high yields. As of June 2, forty-nine percent of the winter wheat acreage in the 18 major producing States was rated in good to excellent condition, 13 percentage points higher than at the same time last year. Nationally, 83 percent of the winter wheat crop was headed by June 2, five percentage points ahead of the 5-year average pace. Forecasted head counts from the objective yield survey in the six Hard Red Winter States (Colorado, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, Oklahoma, and Texas) are below last year's final head count in Colorado, Oklahoma, and Texas, but are above last year's in Kansas, Montana, and Nebraska. As of June 2, the winter wheat crop in Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas was rated in good to excellent condition at 34 percent, 56 percent, and 36 percent, respectively. In Texas, winter wheat harvest was 33 percent complete, 6 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average pace. Forecasted head counts from the objective yield survey in the three Soft Red Winter States (Illinois, Missouri, and Ohio) are all above last year's final head count. As of June 2, the winter wheat crop in Illinois, Missouri, and Ohio was rated in good to excellent condition at 73 percent, 68 percent, and 71 percent, respectively. Forecasted head counts from the objective yield survey in Washington are above last year's final head count. As of June 2, the winter wheat crop in Idaho, Oregon, and Washington was rated in good to excellent condition at 68 percent, 54 percent, and 48 percent, respectively. Durum wheat: Production of Durum wheat in Arizona and California is forecast at a collective 7.67 million bushels, down 1 percent from last month but up 33 percent from last year. Grapefruit: The United States 2023-2024 grapefruit crop is forecast at 344,000 tons, down less than 1 percent from the previous forecast but up 1 percent from last season's final utilization. The Florida forecast, at 1.79 million boxes (76,000 tons), is down 1 percent from previous forecast and down 1 percent from the last season. California and Texas grapefruit production forecasts were carried forward from the previous forecast. Tangerines and mandarins: The United States tangerine and mandarin crop is forecast at 901,000 tons, down less than 1 percent from the previous forecast and down 7 percent from last season's final utilization. The Florida tangerine and mandarin forecast, at 450,000 boxes (21,000 tons), is down 10 percent from the previous forecast and down 6 percent from last season. The California tangerine and mandarin forecast was carried forward from the previous forecast. Hops: United States hop acreage strung for harvest in 2024 is forecast at 44,543 acres, down 18 percent from last year's total of 54,318 acres. In Washington, the largest acreage State, 32,982 acres were strung for harvest, down 15 percent from the previous season. In Idaho, area strung for harvest was 5,970 acres, down 31 percent from 2023. Oregon hop growers strung 5,591 acres for harvest this season, down 18 percent compared to 6,822 acres last season. Cherries, Tart: United States tart cherry production for 2024 is forecast at 222 million pounds, up 34 percent from 2023, in comparable States. In Michigan, an unusually mild winter was followed by frost events in March. The month of May brought warmer conditions with adequate moisture which improved tree growth and fruit development, with good pollination. In Utah, improved snowpack and increased reservoir water levels provided adequate moisture. Beginning in 2024, tart cherry estimates were discontinued in New York, Washington, and Wisconsin. Cherries, Sweet: United States sweet cherry total production for 2024 is forecast at 355,000 tons, down 6 percent from 2023, in comparable states. In Washington, the largest producing state, several counties reported freezing temperatures that damaged the crop in January. In California, harvest began in late April and is expected to continue into the middle of June. Estimates began for sweet cherries in 2024 for Michigan. Maple syrup: The 2024 United States maple syrup production totaled 5.86 million gallons, up 17 percent from the previous season for comparable States. The number of taps totaled 17.1 million, up 5 percent from the 2023 total for comparable States. Yield per tap was 0.342 gallon, up 0.035 gallon from the previous season for comparable States. The 2023 United States average price per gallon was $32.80, down $1.70 from 2022. Value of production, at $159 million for 2023, was down 23 percent from the 2022 season. Estimates began for maple in 2024 for Connecticut, Indiana, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Ohio, and West Virginia. Statistical Methodology Wheat survey procedures: Objective yield and farm operator surveys were conducted between May 25 and June 7 to gather information on expected yield as of June 1. The objective yield survey was conducted in 10 States that accounted for about 64 percent of the 2023 winter wheat production. Farm operators were interviewed to update previously reported acreage data and seek permission to randomly locate two sample plots in selected winter wheat fields. The counts made within each sample plot depended upon the crop's maturity. Counts such as number of stalks, heads in late boot, and number of emerged heads were made to predict the number of heads that will be harvested. The counts are used with similar data from previous years to develop a projected biological yield. The average harvesting loss is subtracted to obtain a net yield. The plots are revisited each month until crop maturity when the heads are clipped, threshed, and weighed. After the farm operator has harvested the sample field, another plot is sampled to obtain current year harvesting loss. The farm operator survey was conducted primarily by telephone with some use of mail, internet, and personal interview. Approximately 2,900 producers were interviewed during the survey period and asked questions about the probable yield on their operation. These growers will continue to be surveyed throughout the growing season to provide indications of average yields. Orange survey procedures: The orange objective yield survey for the June 1 forecast was conducted in Florida. In August and September last year, the number of bearing trees and the number of fruit per tree was determined. In August and subsequent months, fruit size measurement and fruit droppage surveys are conducted, which combined with the previous components are used to develop the current forecast of production. California and Texas conduct grower surveys on a quarterly basis in October, January, April, and July. California also conducts objective measurement surveys in September for Navel oranges and in March for Valencia oranges. Wheat estimating procedures: National and State level objective yield and grower reported data were reviewed for reasonableness and consistency with historical estimates. The survey data were also reviewed considering weather patterns and crop progress compared to previous months and previous years. Each Regional Field Office submits their analysis of the current situation to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the survey data and the State analyses to prepare the published June 1 forecasts. Orange estimating procedures: State level objective yield indications for Florida oranges were reviewed for errors, reasonableness, and consistency with historical estimates. The Florida Field Office submits its analysis of the current situation to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the Florida survey data and their analysis to prepare the published June 1 forecast. The June 1 orange production forecasts for California and Texas are carried forward from April. Revision policy: The June 1 production forecast will not be revised; instead, a new forecast will be made each month throughout the growing season. End-of-season wheat estimates are made after harvest. At the end of the wheat marketing season, a balance sheet is calculated using carryover stocks, production, exports, millings, feeding, and ending stocks. Revisions are then made if the balance sheet relationships or other administrative data warrant changes. End-of-season orange estimates will be published in the Citrus Fruits Summary released in August. The orange production estimates are based on all data available at the end of the marketing season, including information from marketing orders, shipments, and processor records. Allowances are made for recorded local utilization and home use. Reliability: To assist users in evaluating the reliability of the June 1 production forecast, the "Root Mean Square Error," a statistical measure based on past performance, is computed. The deviation between the June 1 production forecast and the final estimate is expressed as a percentage of the final estimate. The average of the squared percentage deviations for the latest 20-year period is computed. The square root of the average becomes statistically the "Root Mean Square Error." Probability statements can be made concerning expected differences in the current forecast relative to the final end-of-season estimate, assuming that factors affecting this year's forecast are not different from those influencing recent years. The "Root Mean Square Error" for the June 1 winter wheat production forecast is 5.2 percent. This means that chances are 2 out of 3 that the current winter wheat production will not be above or below the final estimate by more than 5.2 percent. Chances are 9 out of 10 (90 percent confidence level) that the difference will not exceed 9.0 percent. Also shown in the following table is a 20-year record for selected crops of the differences between the June 1 forecast and the final estimate. Using winter wheat again as an example, changes between the June 1 forecast and final estimate during the last 20 years have averaged 59 million bushels, ranging from 4 million to 166 million bushels. The June 1 forecast has been below the final estimate 9 times and above 11 times. This does not imply that the June 1 winter wheat forecast this year is likely to understate or overstate final production. Reliability of June 1 Crop Production Forecasts [Based on data for the past twenty years] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : : : Difference between forecast : : : and final estimate : : :---------------------------------------- : :90 percent : Production : Years Crop : Root mean :confidence :---------------------------------------- :square error: interval : : : : Below : Above : : :Average:Smallest:Largest: final : final ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : ---- percent --- ----- millions ----- number : Oranges 1/ ...............tons: 3.7 6.4 136 10 475 8 12 Wheat : Winter wheat ........bushels: 5.2 9.0 59 4 166 9 11 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Quantity is in thousands of units. USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service Information Contacts Listed below are the commodity statisticians in the Crops Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to nass@usda.gov Nicholas Streff, Acting Chief, Crops Branch.......................................... (202) 720-2127 Chris Hawthorn, Head, Field Crops Section............................................ (202) 720-2127 Irwin Anolik - Crop Progress and Condition, Flaxseed............................ (202) 720-7621 Joshua Bates - Hemp, Oats, Soybeans............................................. (202) 690-3234 Natasha Bruton - Barley, Cotton System Consumption and Stocks, Grain Crushings.. (202) 690-1042 David Colwell - Fats and Oils, Flour Milling Products........................... (202) 720-8800 Michelle Harder - Hay, Peanuts.................................................. (202) 690-8533 James Johanson - Rye, Wheat..................................................... (202) 720-8068 Greg Lemmons - Corn, Proso Millet, Rice......................................... (202) 720-9526 Becky Sommer - Cotton, Cotton Ginnings, Sorghum................................. (202) 720-5944 Travis Thorson - Canola, Rapeseed, Safflower, Sunflower......................... (202) 720-7369 Fleming Gibson, Head, Fruits, Vegetables and Special Crops Section................... (202) 720-2127 Deonne Holiday - Almonds, Carrots, Coffee, Cranberries, Garlic, Onions, Plums, Prunes, Tobacco............................................................... (202) 720-4288 Bret Holliman - Apricots, Chickpeas, Nectarines, Peaches, Snap Beans, Sweet Corn, Tomatoes................................................................. (202) 720-7235 Robert Little - Blueberries, Cabbage, Dry Beans, Lettuce, Macadamia, Maple Syrup, Pears, Raspberries, Spinach............................................. (202) 720-3250 Krishna Rizal - Artichokes, Asparagus, Celery, Grapefruit, Kiwifruit, Lemons, Mandarins and tangerines, Mint, Mushrooms, Olives, Oranges, Pistachios............... (202) 720-5412 Chris Singh - Apples, Cucumbers, Hazelnuts, Potatoes, Pumpkins, Squash, Strawberries, Sugarbeets, Sugarcane, Sweet Potatoes.......................... (202) 720-4285 Antonio Torres - Cantaloupes, Dry Edible Peas, Grapes, Green Peas, Honeydews, Lentils, Sweet Cherries, Tart Cherries, Walnuts, Watermelons.............. (202) 720-2157 Chris Wallace - Avocados, Bell Peppers, Broccoli, Cauliflower, Chile Peppers, Dates, Floriculture, Hops, Papayas, Pecans............................ (202) 720-4215 Access to NASS Reports For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways: All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: www.nass.usda.gov. Both national and state specific reports are available via a free e- mail subscription. 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