Crop Production ISSN: 1936-3737 Released October 12, 2023, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Corn Production Down Less Than 1 Percent from September Forecast Soybean Production Down 1 Percent Cotton Production Down 2 Percent Orange Production Up 10 Percent from Last Season Corn production for grain is forecast at 15.1 billion bushels, down less than 1 percent from the previous forecast but up 10 percent from 2022. Based on conditions as of October 1, yields are expected to average 173.0 bushels per harvested acre, down 0.8 bushel from the previous forecast and down 0.4 bushel from last year. Area harvested for grain, forecast at 87.1 million acres, is unchanged from the previous forecast but up 10 percent from the last year. Soybean production for beans is forecast at 4.10 billion bushels, down 1 percent from the previous forecast and down 4 percent from 2022. Based on conditions as of October 1, yields are expected to average 49.6 bushels per acre, down 0.5 bushel from the previous forecast but equal to 2022. Area harvested for beans in the United States is forecast at 82.8 million acres, unchanged from the previous forecast but down 4 percent from 2022. All cotton production is forecast at 12.8 million 480-pound bales, down 2 percent from the previous forecast and down 11 percent from 2022. Based on conditions as of October 1, yields are expected to average 767 pounds per harvested acre, down 19 pounds from the previous forecast and down 183 pounds from 2022. Upland cotton production is forecast at 12.5 million 480-pound bales, down 2 percent from the previous forecast and down 11 percent from 2022. Pima cotton production is forecast at 356,000 bales, unchanged from the previous forecast but down 24 percent from 2022. All cotton area harvested is forecast at 8.02 million acres, unchanged from the previous forecast but up 10 percent from 2022. The United States all orange forecast for the 2023-2024 season is 2.74 million tons, up 10 percent from the 2022-2023 final utilization. The Florida all orange forecast, at 20.5 million boxes (923,000 tons), is up 30 percent from last season's final utilization. In Florida, early, midseason, and Navel varieties are forecast at 7.50 million boxes (338,000 tons), up 22 percent from last season's final utilization. The Florida Valencia orange forecast, at 13.0 million boxes (585,000 tons), is up 35 percent from last season's final utilization. The California all orange forecast is 44.5 million boxes (1.78 million tons), up 3 percent from the last season's final utilization. The California Navel orange forecast is 37.0 million boxes (1.48 million tons), unchanged from last month but up 1 percent from the last season's final utilization. The California Valencia orange forecast is 7.50 million boxes (300,000 tons), up 12 percent from last season's final utilization. The Texas all orange forecast, at 800,000 boxes (34,000 tons), is down 29 percent from last season's final utilization. This report was approved on October 12, 2023. Deputy Secretary of Agriculture Xochitl Torres Small Agricultural Statistics Board Chairperson Joseph L. Parsons Contents Corn for Grain Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2022 and Forecasted October 1, 2023.................................................................................................... 6 Corn Production - United States Chart.............................................................................. 7 Sorghum for Grain Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2022 and Forecasted October 1, 2023.................................................................................................... 8 Rice Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2022 and Forecasted October 1, 2023......... 9 Rice Production by Class - United States: 2022 and Forecasted October 1, 2023...................................... 9 Soybeans for Beans Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2022 and Forecasted October 1, 2023.................................................................................................... 10 Soybean Production - United States Chart........................................................................... 11 Sunflower Area Planted and Harvested by Type - States and United States: 2022 and 2023............................. 12 Sunflower Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Type - States and United States: 2022 and Forecasted October 1, 2023.................................................................................................... 13 Peanut Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2022 and Forecasted October 1, 2023.................................................................................................... 14 Canola Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2022 and 2023........................................ 15 Canola Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2022 and Forecasted October 1, 2023....... 15 Cotton Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Type - States and United States: 2022 and Forecasted October 1, 2023.................................................................................................... 16 Cottonseed Production - United States: 2022 and Forecasted October 1, 2023......................................... 17 Cotton Production - United States Chart............................................................................ 17 Alfalfa and Alfalfa Mixtures for Hay Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2022 and Forecasted October 1, 2023......................................................................................... 18 All Other Hay Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2022 and Forecasted October 1, 2023.................................................................................................... 19 Sugarbeet Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2022 and Forecasted October 1, 2023.................................................................................................... 20 Sugarcane for Sugar and Seed Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2022 and Forecasted October 1, 2023......................................................................................... 20 Dry Edible Bean Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2022 and 2023............................... 21 Dry Edible Bean Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2022 and Forecasted October 1, 2023.................................................................................................... 21 Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2022 and Forecasted October 1, 2023.................................................................................................... 22 Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Class and Type - States and United States: 2022 and Forecasted October 1, 2023......................................................................................... 23 Utilized Production of Citrus Fruits by Crop - States and United States: 2022-2023 and Forecasted October 1, 2023.................................................................................................... 24 Pecan Production by Variety - States and United States: 2022 and Forecasted October 1, 2023........................ 25 Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2022 and 2023............ 26 Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2022 and 2023.............. 28 Fruits and Nuts Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2023 and 2024........................................ 30 Fruits and Nuts Production in Metric Units - United States: 2023 and 2024.......................................... 31 Corn for Grain Plant Population per Acre - Selected States: 2019-2023.............................................. 32 Corn for Grain Number of Ears per Acre - Selected States: 2019-2023................................................ 33 Corn Objective Yield Percent of Samples Processed in the Lab - United States: 2019-2023............................ 33 Soybean Pods with Beans per 18 Square Feet - Selected States: 2019-2023............................................ 34 Soybean Objective Yield Percent of Samples Processed in the Lab - United States: 2019-2023......................... 34 Cotton Cumulative Boll Counts - Selected States: 2019-2023......................................................... 35 Percent of Normal Precipitation Map................................................................................ 36 Departure from Normal Temperature Map.............................................................................. 36 September Weather Summary.......................................................................................... 37 September Agricultural Summary..................................................................................... 37 Crop Comments...................................................................................................... 40 Statistical Methodology............................................................................................ 44 Reliability of October 1 Crop Production Forecast.................................................................. 45 Information Contacts............................................................................................... 46 This page intentionally left blank. Corn for Grain Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2022 and Forecasted October 1, 2023 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production :---------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : 2023 : : : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 :-----------------------: 2022 : 2023 : : : :September 1: October 1 : : ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres ---------- bushels ---------- --- 1,000 bushels --- : Alabama .........: 290 335 118.0 166.0 167.0 34,220 55,945 Arkansas ........: 695 830 173.0 180.0 180.0 120,235 149,400 California ......: 20 40 177.0 178.0 174.0 3,540 6,960 Colorado ........: 980 1,070 121.0 130.0 128.0 118,580 136,960 Delaware ........: 166 172 170.0 184.0 186.0 28,220 31,992 Georgia .........: 385 450 175.0 177.0 177.0 67,375 79,650 Idaho ...........: 110 120 216.0 208.0 212.0 23,760 25,440 Illinois ........: 10,600 11,000 214.0 198.0 200.0 2,268,400 2,200,000 Indiana .........: 5,130 5,380 190.0 194.0 197.0 974,700 1,059,860 Iowa ............: 12,350 12,600 200.0 200.0 199.0 2,470,000 2,507,400 : Kansas ..........: 4,440 5,330 115.0 127.0 122.0 510,600 650,260 Kentucky ........: 1,350 1,500 156.0 186.0 183.0 210,600 274,500 Louisiana .......: 435 680 170.0 175.0 175.0 73,950 119,000 Maryland ........: 380 420 165.0 160.0 158.0 62,700 66,360 Michigan ........: 1,990 2,050 168.0 173.0 170.0 334,320 348,500 Minnesota .......: 7,490 8,200 195.0 180.0 179.0 1,460,550 1,467,800 Mississippi .....: 565 770 165.0 182.0 182.0 93,225 140,140 Missouri ........: 3,110 3,670 161.0 145.0 141.0 500,710 517,470 Nebraska ........: 8,820 9,590 165.0 177.0 174.0 1,455,300 1,668,660 New York ........: 575 605 140.0 164.0 163.0 80,500 98,615 : North Carolina ..: 785 900 126.0 147.0 147.0 98,910 132,300 North Dakota ....: 2,650 3,740 131.0 138.0 136.0 347,150 508,640 Ohio ............: 3,180 3,370 187.0 195.0 195.0 594,660 657,150 Oklahoma ........: 200 350 122.0 141.0 144.0 24,400 50,400 Pennsylvania ....: 830 840 140.0 156.0 154.0 116,200 129,360 South Carolina ..: 300 355 122.0 142.0 147.0 36,600 52,185 South Dakota ....: 5,010 5,590 132.0 146.0 147.0 661,320 821,730 Tennessee .......: 795 895 130.0 173.0 173.0 103,350 154,835 Texas ...........: 1,610 2,200 95.0 132.0 130.0 152,950 286,000 Virginia ........: 340 375 167.0 150.0 152.0 56,780 57,000 Washington ......: 80 90 220.0 220.0 230.0 17,600 20,700 Wisconsin .......: 3,030 3,100 180.0 165.0 165.0 545,400 511,500 : Other States 1/ .: 424 479 160.1 162.2 162.2 67,871 77,708 : United States ...: 79,115 87,096 173.4 173.8 173.0 13,714,676 15,064,420 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Other States include Arizona, Florida, Montana, New Jersey, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, West Virginia, and Wyoming. Individual State level estimates will be published in the "Crop Production 2023 Summary." Sorghum for Grain Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2022 and Forecasted October 1, 2023 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production :------------------------------------------------------------------------------ State : : : : 2023 : : : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 :-----------------------: 2022 : 2023 : : : :September 1: October 1 : : --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres --------- bushels --------- 1,000 bushels : Colorado ...........: 380 405 20.0 55.0 50.0 7,600 20,250 Kansas .............: 2,700 3,300 39.0 63.0 56.0 105,300 184,800 Nebraska ...........: 125 220 55.0 91.0 79.0 6,875 17,380 Oklahoma ...........: 240 330 24.0 45.0 43.0 5,760 14,190 South Dakota .......: 175 255 68.0 85.0 91.0 11,900 23,205 Texas ..............: 950 1,750 53.0 54.0 57.0 50,350 99,750 : United States ......: 4,570 6,260 41.1 60.9 57.4 187,785 359,575 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Rice Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2022 and Forecasted October 1, 2023 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : 2023 : : : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 :-------------------------: 2022 : 2023 : : : :September 1 : October 1 : : ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres ------------ pounds ----------- ---- 1,000 cwt --- : Arkansas .....: 1,084 1,411 7,410 7,550 7,550 80,340 106,531 California ...: 254 511 8,760 8,900 8,850 22,251 45,224 Louisiana ....: 415 463 6,660 6,750 6,750 27,649 31,253 Mississippi ..: 84 118 7,370 7,400 7,450 6,191 8,791 Missouri .....: 149 203 7,940 8,000 7,900 11,832 16,037 Texas ........: 186 144 6,510 8,800 8,800 12,105 12,672 : United States : 2,172 2,850 7,383 7,751 7,737 160,368 220,508 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Includes sweet rice production. Rice Production by Class - United States: 2022 and Forecasted October 1, 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : Year : Long grain : Medium grain : Short grain 1/ : All : : : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 cwt : 2022 .......: 128,155 30,017 2,196 160,368 2023 2/ ....: 152,649 66,482 1,377 220,508 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Sweet rice production included with short grain. 2/ The 2023 rice production by class forecasts are based on class harvested acreage estimates and the 5-year average class yield compared to the all rice yield. Soybeans for Beans Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2022 and Forecasted October 1, 2023 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production :------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : 2023 : : : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 :-----------------------: 2022 : 2023 : : : :September 1: October 1 : : ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres --------- bushels --------- -- 1,000 bushels -- : Alabama .........: 355 345 41.0 43.0 41.0 14,555 14,145 Arkansas ........: 3,140 2,950 52.0 53.0 53.0 163,280 156,350 Delaware ........: 158 148 43.0 45.0 46.0 6,794 6,808 Georgia .........: 158 155 41.0 42.0 40.0 6,478 6,200 Illinois ........: 10,750 10,300 63.0 61.0 61.0 677,250 628,300 Indiana .........: 5,830 5,480 57.5 60.0 61.0 335,225 334,280 Iowa ............: 10,030 9,870 58.5 58.0 58.0 586,755 572,460 Kansas ..........: 4,720 4,400 27.5 29.0 26.0 129,800 114,400 Kentucky ........: 1,940 1,790 51.0 56.0 54.0 98,940 96,660 Louisiana .......: 1,210 1,000 47.0 43.0 41.0 56,870 41,000 : Maryland ........: 510 460 43.0 48.0 46.0 21,930 21,160 Michigan ........: 2,240 2,010 47.0 49.0 46.0 105,280 92,460 Minnesota .......: 7,390 7,280 50.0 48.0 48.0 369,500 349,440 Mississippi .....: 2,290 2,150 54.0 57.0 57.0 123,660 122,550 Missouri ........: 6,040 5,550 45.5 45.0 45.0 274,820 249,750 Nebraska ........: 5,650 5,200 49.0 55.0 54.0 276,850 280,800 New Jersey ......: 108 108 28.0 42.0 42.0 3,024 4,536 New York ........: 325 345 45.0 53.0 52.0 14,625 17,940 North Carolina ..: 1,680 1,640 38.5 39.0 39.0 64,680 63,960 North Dakota ....: 5,670 6,150 35.0 33.0 33.0 198,450 202,950 : Ohio ............: 5,080 4,730 55.5 58.0 57.0 281,940 269,610 Oklahoma ........: 380 420 17.0 25.0 20.0 6,460 8,400 Pennsylvania ....: 590 560 43.0 49.0 45.0 25,370 25,200 South Carolina ..: 390 380 37.0 36.0 36.0 14,430 13,680 South Dakota ....: 5,070 5,050 38.0 43.0 43.0 192,660 217,150 Tennessee .......: 1,620 1,570 48.0 50.0 50.0 77,760 78,500 Texas ...........: 85 110 20.0 38.0 32.0 1,700 3,520 Virginia ........: 610 570 41.0 39.0 37.0 25,010 21,090 Wisconsin .......: 2,150 2,070 54.0 46.0 44.0 116,100 91,080 : United States ...: 86,169 82,791 49.6 50.1 49.6 4,270,196 4,104,379 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Sunflower Area Planted and Harvested by Type - States and United States: 2022 and 2023 [Includes updates to planted and harvested area previously published] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Varietal type : Area planted : Area harvested and State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres : Oil : California .......: 33.0 29.0 31.0 28.0 Colorado .........: 52.0 26.0 42.0 22.0 Kansas ...........: 32.0 28.0 28.0 26.0 Minnesota ........: 69.0 51.0 67.0 50.0 Nebraska .........: 50.0 32.0 46.0 30.0 North Dakota .....: 660.0 500.0 645.0 485.0 South Dakota .....: 610.0 455.0 580.0 435.0 Texas ............: 44.0 45.0 38.0 41.0 : United States ....: 1,550.0 1,166.0 1,477.0 1,117.0 : Non-oil : California .......: 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Colorado .........: 10.0 9.0 6.5 8.0 Kansas ...........: 10.0 7.0 8.5 6.0 Minnesota ........: 8.5 9.5 8.0 8.8 Nebraska .........: 7.5 8.5 6.0 7.5 North Dakota .....: 57.0 75.0 53.0 71.0 South Dakota .....: 42.0 40.0 40.0 38.0 Texas ............: 8.0 6.5 6.0 5.5 : United States ....: 143.5 156.0 128.5 145.3 : All : California .......: 33.5 29.5 31.5 28.5 Colorado .........: 62.0 35.0 48.5 30.0 Kansas ...........: 42.0 35.0 36.5 32.0 Minnesota ........: 77.5 60.5 75.0 58.8 Nebraska .........: 57.5 40.5 52.0 37.5 North Dakota .....: 717.0 575.0 698.0 556.0 South Dakota .....: 652.0 495.0 620.0 473.0 Texas ............: 52.0 51.5 44.0 46.5 : United States ....: 1,693.5 1,322.0 1,605.5 1,262.3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Forecasted. Sunflower Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Type - States and United States: 2022 and Forecasted October 1, 2023 [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Varietal type : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production and State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 1/ : 2022 : 2023 1/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : --- 1,000 acres --- ----- pounds ---- ---- 1,000 pounds --- : Oil : California .....: 31.0 28.0 950 29,450 Colorado .......: 42.0 22.0 520 21,840 Kansas .........: 28.0 26.0 1,300 36,400 Minnesota ......: 67.0 50.0 2,370 158,790 Nebraska .......: 46.0 30.0 900 41,400 North Dakota ...: 645.0 485.0 1,900 1,225,500 South Dakota ...: 580.0 435.0 1,740 1,009,200 Texas ..........: 38.0 41.0 1,250 47,500 : United States ..: 1,477.0 1,117.0 1,740 2,570,080 : Non-oil : California .....: 0.5 0.5 1,500 750 Colorado .......: 6.5 8.0 1,350 8,775 Kansas .........: 8.5 6.0 1,100 9,350 Minnesota ......: 8.0 8.8 2,000 16,000 Nebraska .......: 6.0 7.5 910 5,460 North Dakota ...: 53.0 71.0 2,170 115,010 South Dakota ...: 40.0 38.0 1,830 73,200 Texas ..........: 6.0 5.5 2,100 12,600 : United States ..: 128.5 145.3 1,877 241,145 : All : California .....: 31.5 28.5 959 960 30,200 27,350 Colorado .......: 48.5 30.0 631 1,177 30,615 35,300 Kansas .........: 36.5 32.0 1,253 1,163 45,750 37,200 Minnesota ......: 75.0 58.8 2,331 2,340 174,790 137,600 Nebraska .......: 52.0 37.5 901 960 46,860 36,000 North Dakota ...: 698.0 556.0 1,921 1,938 1,340,510 1,077,700 South Dakota ...: 620.0 473.0 1,746 1,668 1,082,400 788,850 Texas ..........: 44.0 46.5 1,366 1,171 60,100 54,450 : United States ..: 1,605.5 1,262.3 1,751 1,738 2,811,225 2,194,450 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ 2023 yield and production estimates for oil and non-oil varieties will be published in the "Crop Production 2023 Summary." Peanut Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2022 and Forecasted October 1, 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested State :--------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Alabama ........: 165.0 175.0 163.0 172.0 Arkansas .......: 33.0 35.0 32.0 34.0 Florida ........: 150.0 160.0 142.0 151.0 Georgia ........: 685.0 775.0 680.0 770.0 Mississippi ....: 15.0 19.0 14.0 18.0 New Mexico .....: 7.3 11.0 6.1 10.8 North Carolina .: 117.0 125.0 116.0 123.0 Oklahoma .......: 18.0 15.0 17.0 14.0 South Carolina .: 71.0 76.0 68.0 73.0 Texas ..........: 160.0 230.0 117.0 205.0 Virginia .......: 29.0 29.0 28.0 29.0 : United States ..: 1,450.3 1,650.0 1,383.1 1,599.8 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield per acre : Production State :--------------------------------------------------------------- : : 2023 : : : 2022 :-------------------------: 2022 : 2023 : :September 1 : October 1 : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----------- pounds ----------- ---- 1,000 pounds ---- : Alabama ........: 3,400 3,300 3,000 554,200 516,000 Arkansas .......: 5,200 5,000 5,000 166,400 170,000 Florida ........: 4,050 3,200 3,000 575,100 453,000 Georgia ........: 4,210 4,300 4,300 2,862,800 3,311,000 Mississippi ....: 4,500 4,400 4,400 63,000 79,200 New Mexico .....: 2,530 2,700 2,700 15,433 29,160 North Carolina .: 4,370 4,250 4,200 506,920 516,600 Oklahoma .......: 3,720 4,000 4,000 63,240 56,000 South Carolina .: 4,150 4,000 4,200 282,200 306,600 Texas ..........: 2,800 3,300 3,300 327,600 676,500 Virginia .......: 4,500 4,700 4,600 126,000 133,400 : United States ..: 4,008 3,953 3,905 5,542,893 6,247,460 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Canola Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2022 and 2023 [Includes updates to planted and harvested area previously published] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area planted : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres : Kansas ...........: 9.0 2.0 7.0 1.0 Minnesota ........: 71.0 81.0 69.0 78.0 Montana ..........: 180.0 165.0 167.0 155.0 North Dakota .....: 1,800.0 1,930.0 1,785.0 1,900.0 Oklahoma .........: 18.0 3.0 8.0 1.5 Washington .......: 135.0 170.0 132.0 166.0 : United States ....: 2,213.0 2,351.0 2,168.0 2,301.5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Forecasted. Canola Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2022 and Forecasted October 1, 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : --- 1,000 acres --- ----- pounds ---- ---- 1,000 pounds --- : Kansas .......: 7.0 1.0 540 600 3,780 600 Minnesota ....: 69.0 78.0 2,410 2,500 166,290 195,000 Montana ......: 167.0 155.0 1,030 930 172,010 144,150 North Dakota .: 1,785.0 1,900.0 1,820 1,790 3,248,700 3,401,000 Oklahoma .....: 8.0 1.5 700 800 5,600 1,200 Washington ...: 132.0 166.0 1,700 1,600 224,400 265,600 : United States : 2,168.0 2,301.5 1,762 1,741 3,820,780 4,007,550 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Cotton Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Type - States and United States: 2022 and Forecasted October 1, 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production 1/ :-------------------------------------------------------------------------- Type and State : : : : 2023 : : : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 :-----------------------: 2022 : 2023 : : : :September 1: October 1 : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -- 1,000 acres -- ---------- pounds ---------- 1,000 bales 2/ : Upland : Alabama .........: 430.0 375.0 930 870 870 833.0 680.0 Arizona .........: 86.0 75.0 1,563 1,344 1,280 280.0 200.0 Arkansas ........: 630.0 505.0 1,179 1,141 1,188 1,548.0 1,250.0 California ......: 18.5 12.8 1,946 1,575 1,575 75.0 42.0 Florida .........: 103.0 87.0 769 552 552 165.0 100.0 Georgia .........: 1,270.0 1,100.0 1,002 1,004 1,004 2,650.0 2,300.0 Kansas ..........: 138.0 88.0 577 693 900 166.0 165.0 Louisiana .......: 190.0 115.0 904 856 918 358.0 220.0 Mississippi .....: 525.0 395.0 1,084 1,082 1,082 1,186.0 890.0 Missouri ........: 340.0 330.0 1,240 1,120 989 878.0 680.0 : New Mexico ......: 30.0 22.0 960 916 960 60.0 44.0 North Carolina ..: 460.0 370.0 1,049 882 908 1,005.0 700.0 Oklahoma ........: 230.0 310.0 634 403 418 304.0 270.0 South Carolina ..: 266.0 205.0 911 773 820 505.0 350.0 Tennessee .......: 325.0 260.0 1,053 1,015 1,071 713.0 580.0 Texas ...........: 2,000.0 3,550.0 734 568 514 3,060.0 3,800.0 Virginia ........: 90.0 80.0 1,131 1,140 1,140 212.0 190.0 : United States ...: 7,131.5 7,879.8 942 778 759 13,998.0 12,461.0 : American Pima : Arizona .........: 14.4 16.0 933 1,170 1,170 28.0 39.0 California ......: 114.0 84.0 1,558 1,400 1,417 370.0 248.0 New Mexico ......: 18.8 16.1 715 894 894 28.0 30.0 Texas ...........: 29.0 25.0 728 806 749 44.0 39.0 : United States ...: 176.2 141.1 1,280 1,211 1,211 470.0 356.0 : All : Alabama .........: 430.0 375.0 930 870 870 833.0 680.0 Arizona .........: 100.4 91.0 1,473 1,313 1,261 308.0 239.0 Arkansas ........: 630.0 505.0 1,179 1,141 1,188 1,548.0 1,250.0 California ......: 132.5 96.8 1,612 1,423 1,438 445.0 290.0 Florida .........: 103.0 87.0 769 552 552 165.0 100.0 Georgia .........: 1,270.0 1,100.0 1,002 1,004 1,004 2,650.0 2,300.0 Kansas ..........: 138.0 88.0 577 693 900 166.0 165.0 Louisiana .......: 190.0 115.0 904 856 918 358.0 220.0 Mississippi .....: 525.0 395.0 1,084 1,082 1,082 1,186.0 890.0 Missouri ........: 340.0 330.0 1,240 1,120 989 878.0 680.0 : New Mexico ......: 48.8 38.1 866 907 932 88.0 74.0 North Carolina ..: 460.0 370.0 1,049 882 908 1,005.0 700.0 Oklahoma ........: 230.0 310.0 634 403 418 304.0 270.0 South Carolina ..: 266.0 205.0 911 773 820 505.0 350.0 Tennessee .......: 325.0 260.0 1,053 1,015 1,071 713.0 580.0 Texas ...........: 2,029.0 3,575.0 734 570 515 3,104.0 3,839.0 Virginia ........: 90.0 80.0 1,131 1,140 1,140 212.0 190.0 : United States ...: 7,307.7 8,020.9 950 786 767 14,468.0 12,817.0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Production ginned and to be ginned. 2/ 480-pound net weight bale. Cottonseed Production - United States: 2022 and Forecasted October 1, 2023 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 1/ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 tons : United States ...: 4,415.0 3,900.0 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Based on a 3-year average lint-seed ratio. Alfalfa and Alfalfa Mixtures for Hay Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2022 and Forecasted October 1, 2023 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : --- 1,000 acres --- ------ tons ----- ---- 1,000 tons --- : Arizona ........: 260 275 8.20 8.30 2,132 2,283 California .....: 450 525 7.20 6.30 3,240 3,308 Colorado .......: 610 600 2.90 3.30 1,769 1,980 Idaho ..........: 1,060 1,090 4.30 4.40 4,558 4,796 Illinois .......: 240 200 3.65 3.60 876 720 Indiana ........: 260 260 3.50 2.70 910 702 Iowa ...........: 730 730 3.70 3.70 2,701 2,701 Kansas .........: 660 680 3.10 3.05 2,046 2,074 Kentucky .......: 110 100 3.60 3.20 396 320 Michigan .......: 560 570 2.60 3.30 1,456 1,881 : Minnesota ......: 640 700 3.10 3.20 1,984 2,240 Missouri .......: 130 225 2.60 3.25 338 731 Montana ........: 1,400 1,600 2.05 2.10 2,870 3,360 Nebraska .......: 790 760 3.10 4.00 2,449 3,040 Nevada .........: 285 280 4.40 4.60 1,254 1,288 New Mexico .....: 125 145 4.80 5.40 600 783 New York .......: 240 210 2.60 2.60 624 546 North Dakota ...: 1,100 1,300 1.95 2.45 2,145 3,185 Ohio ...........: 280 300 3.10 3.50 868 1,050 Oklahoma .......: 220 240 2.00 3.20 440 768 : Oregon .........: 350 350 4.40 4.60 1,540 1,610 Pennsylvania ...: 310 300 3.60 3.40 1,116 1,020 South Dakota ...: 1,650 1,700 1.70 2.30 2,805 3,910 Texas ..........: 90 105 4.20 3.80 378 399 Utah ...........: 490 550 4.10 4.00 2,009 2,200 Virginia .......: 30 30 3.20 3.20 96 96 Washington .....: 360 360 5.20 4.30 1,872 1,548 Wisconsin ......: 800 830 3.10 2.80 2,480 2,324 Wyoming ........: 550 530 2.90 2.90 1,595 1,537 : Other States 1/ : 133 113 3.09 2.96 411 335 : United States ..: 14,913 15,658 3.22 3.37 47,958 52,735 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Other States include Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, North Carolina, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Vermont, and West Virginia. Individual State level estimates will be published in the "Crop Production 2023 Summary." All Other Hay Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2022 and Forecasted October 1, 2023 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : --- 1,000 acres -- ----- tons ----- --- 1,000 tons --- : Alabama 1/ ......: 680 680 2.70 3.10 1,836 2,108 Arkansas ........: 1,090 1,160 2.00 2.00 2,180 2,320 California ......: 380 370 3.10 3.50 1,178 1,295 Colorado ........: 530 490 1.85 1.90 981 931 Georgia 1/ ......: 550 570 2.80 3.30 1,540 1,881 Idaho ...........: 350 350 2.20 2.20 770 770 Illinois ........: 255 280 2.15 1.70 548 476 Indiana .........: 260 260 2.60 2.70 676 702 Iowa ............: 470 320 2.00 2.00 940 640 Kansas ..........: 1,950 2,000 1.70 1.70 3,315 3,400 : Kentucky ........: 1,920 1,950 2.20 2.20 4,224 4,290 Louisiana 1/ ....: 390 400 2.40 2.20 936 880 Michigan ........: 230 230 1.90 1.70 437 391 Minnesota .......: 580 560 2.10 1.40 1,218 784 Mississippi 1/ ..: 590 600 2.00 2.00 1,180 1,200 Missouri ........: 3,050 3,000 1.80 1.30 5,490 3,900 Montana .........: 890 1,050 1.40 1.80 1,246 1,890 Nebraska ........: 1,350 1,600 1.40 2.00 1,890 3,200 New York ........: 1,000 970 1.85 2.00 1,850 1,940 North Carolina ..: 650 630 2.20 2.50 1,430 1,575 : North Dakota ....: 1,050 1,100 1.60 1.90 1,680 2,090 Ohio ............: 550 550 2.50 2.20 1,375 1,210 Oklahoma ........: 2,800 3,300 1.25 1.60 3,500 5,280 Oregon ..........: 470 570 2.30 2.10 1,081 1,197 Pennsylvania ....: 1,040 1,030 2.50 2.10 2,600 2,163 South Dakota ....: 1,300 1,200 1.35 1.20 1,755 1,440 Tennessee .......: 1,700 1,780 2.10 2.20 3,570 3,916 Texas ...........: 4,100 4,600 1.50 1.80 6,150 8,280 Virginia ........: 1,000 1,140 2.10 2.00 2,100 2,280 Washington ......: 290 330 3.10 2.50 899 825 : West Virginia ...: 550 600 1.90 1.70 1,045 1,020 Wisconsin .......: 300 400 1.70 1.70 510 680 Wyoming .........: 560 540 1.40 1.80 784 972 : Other States 2/ .: 1,758 1,708 2.23 2.44 3,929 4,167 : United States ...: 34,633 36,318 1.87 1.93 64,843 70,093 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Alfalfa and alfalfa mixtures included in all other hay. 2/ Other States include Alaska, Arizona, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Utah, and Vermont. Individual State level estimates will be published in the "Crop Production 2023 Summary." Sugarbeet Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2022 and Forecasted October 1, 2023 [Relates to year of intended harvest in all States except California] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production :--------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : 2023 : : : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 :-------------------------: 2022 : 2023 : : : :September 1 : October 1 : : ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : -- 1,000 acres -- ------------ tons ----------- -- 1,000 tons -- : California 1/ : 17.7 17.6 45.8 45.8 45.8 811 806 Colorado .....: 20.5 20.6 28.7 27.4 27.3 588 562 Idaho ........: 170.0 173.0 38.1 39.4 39.2 6,477 6,782 Michigan .....: 138.0 131.0 28.8 33.5 33.4 3,974 4,375 Minnesota ....: 431.0 438.0 25.7 29.6 28.5 11,077 12,483 Montana ......: 33.5 23.5 30.5 33.7 33.7 1,022 792 Nebraska .....: 39.6 46.0 24.2 28.7 28.4 958 1,306 North Dakota .: 249.0 228.0 26.1 27.6 27.7 6,499 6,316 Oregon .......: 7.9 10.4 33.9 37.1 36.8 268 383 Washington ...: 2.0 2.0 44.1 44.8 44.8 88 90 Wyoming ......: 27.9 28.5 29.1 29.4 29.6 812 844 : United States : 1,137.1 1,118.6 28.6 31.5 31.1 32,574 34,739 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Relates to year of planting for overwintered beets in southern California. Sugarcane for Sugar and Seed Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2022 and Forecasted October 1, 2023 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area harvested : Yield per acre 1/ : Production 1/ :--------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : 2023 : : : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 :-------------------------: 2022 : 2023 : : : :September 1 : October 1 : : ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres ------------ tons ----------- -- 1,000 tons -- : Florida ......: 401.9 399.0 44.6 45.5 45.5 17,931 18,155 Louisiana ....: 497.1 510.0 32.3 27.2 27.7 16,035 14,127 Texas ........: 31.2 19.0 22.6 21.3 21.5 705 409 : United States : 930.2 928.0 37.3 34.9 35.2 34,671 32,691 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Net tons. Dry Edible Bean Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2022 and 2023 [Includes updates to planted and harvested area previously published. Excludes beans grown for garden seed and chickpeas] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area planted : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres : California .......: 12.0 16.0 11.9 15.8 Colorado .........: 35.0 33.0 33.3 31.5 Idaho ............: 45.0 40.0 44.0 39.0 Michigan .........: 215.0 210.0 214.0 209.0 Minnesota ........: 215.0 210.0 210.0 201.0 Nebraska .........: 115.0 100.0 108.1 93.0 North Dakota .....: 570.0 530.0 560.0 510.0 Washington .......: 27.0 30.0 26.7 29.5 Wyoming ..........: 16.0 15.0 15.0 14.0 : United States ....: 1,250.0 1,184.0 1,223.0 1,142.8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Forecasted. Dry Edible Bean Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2022 and Forecasted October 1, 2023 [Excludes beans grown for garden seed and chickpeas] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre 1/ : Production 1/ State :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----- 1,000 acres ----- ------- pounds ------ ------ 1,000 cwt ----- : California .....: 11.9 15.8 2,340 2,400 279 379 Colorado .......: 33.3 31.5 2,030 1,850 676 583 Idaho ..........: 44.0 39.0 2,400 2,450 1,056 956 Michigan .......: 214.0 209.0 2,400 2,150 5,141 4,494 Minnesota ......: 210.0 201.0 2,330 2,300 4,883 4,623 Nebraska .......: 108.1 93.0 2,300 2,400 2,486 2,232 North Dakota ...: 560.0 510.0 1,840 1,580 10,308 8,058 Washington .....: 26.7 29.5 2,620 2,660 699 785 Wyoming ........: 15.0 14.0 2,130 2,250 319 315 : United States ..: 1,223.0 1,142.8 2,113 1,962 25,847 22,425 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Clean basis. Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2022 and Forecasted October 1, 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production :-------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : 2023 : : : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 :-----------------------: 2022 : 2023 : : : :September 1: October 1 : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----- acres ----- ---------- pounds ---------- -- 1,000 pounds -- : Georgia .........: 6,000 6,300 2,100 2,000 2,000 12,600 12,600 Kentucky ........: 43,600 38,300 2,217 2,160 2,281 96,640 87,380 North Carolina ..: 116,160 113,120 2,149 2,100 2,200 249,672 248,840 Pennsylvania ....: 5,000 4,860 2,604 2,572 2,528 13,020 12,285 South Carolina ..: 5,800 5,800 2,000 2,100 2,300 11,600 13,340 Tennessee .......: 12,700 9,100 2,674 2,493 2,598 33,965 23,640 Virginia ........: 12,500 13,110 2,390 2,294 2,392 29,870 31,360 : United States ...: 201,760 190,590 2,217 2,153 2,253 447,367 429,445 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Class and Type - States and United States: 2022 and Forecasted October 1, 2023 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Class, type, and State : : : : 2023 : : : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 :---------------------------: 2022 : 2023 : : : : September 1 : October 1 : : --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ acres ----- ------------ pounds ------------ -- 1,000 pounds -- : Class 1, Flue-cured (11-14) : Georgia ................................: 6,000 6,300 2,100 2,000 2,000 12,600 12,600 North Carolina .........................: 116,000 113,000 2,150 2,100 2,200 249,400 248,600 South Carolina .........................: 5,800 5,800 2,000 2,100 2,300 11,600 13,340 Virginia ...............................: 12,100 12,800 2,400 2,300 2,400 29,040 30,720 : United States ..........................: 139,900 137,900 2,163 2,114 2,214 302,640 305,260 : Class 2, Fire-cured (21-23) : Kentucky ...............................: 9,800 7,600 3,150 2,900 2,900 30,870 22,040 Tennessee ..............................: 6,300 5,100 3,200 3,100 3,150 20,160 16,065 Virginia ...............................: 150 100 2,200 2,200 2,200 330 220 : United States ..........................: 16,250 12,800 3,161 2,974 2,994 51,360 38,325 : Class 3A, Light air-cured : Type 31, Burley : Kentucky .............................: 28,000 27,000 1,800 1,900 2,050 50,400 55,350 North Carolina .......................: 160 120 1,700 2,000 2,000 272 240 Pennsylvania .........................: 1,300 1,100 2,500 2,500 2,300 3,250 2,530 Tennessee ............................: 2,700 2,900 1,550 1,500 1,550 4,185 4,495 Virginia .............................: 250 210 2,000 2,000 2,000 500 420 : United States ........................: 32,410 31,330 1,808 1,886 2,012 58,607 63,035 : Type 32, Southern Maryland Belt : Pennsylvania .........................: 100 60 2,300 2,200 2,250 230 135 : United States ........................: 100 60 2,300 2,200 2,250 230 135 : Total light air-cured (31-32) ....... : 32,510 31,390 1,810 1,886 2,012 58,837 63,170 : Class 3B, Dark air-cured (35-37) : Kentucky ...............................: 5,800 3,700 2,650 2,600 2,700 15,370 9,990 Tennessee ..............................: 3,700 1,100 2,600 2,300 2,800 9,620 3,080 : United States ..........................: 9,500 4,800 2,631 2,533 2,723 24,990 13,070 : Class 4, Cigar filler : Type 41, Pennsylvania Seedleaf : Pennsylvania .........................: 3,600 3,700 2,650 2,600 2,600 9,540 9,620 : United States ........................: 3,600 3,700 2,650 2,600 2,600 9,540 9,620 : All tobacco : United States ..........................: 201,760 190,590 2,217 2,153 2,253 447,367 429,445 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Utilized Production of Citrus Fruits by Crop - States and United States: 2022-2023 and Forecasted October 1, 2023 [The crop year begins with the bloom of the first year shown and ends with the completion of harvest the following year] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Utilized production boxes 1/ :Utilized production ton equivalent Crop and State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022-2023 : 2023-2024 : 2022-2023 : 2023-2024 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ 1,000 boxes ----- ------ 1,000 tons ----- Oranges : California, all ............: 43,200 44,500 1,728 1,780 Early, mid, and Navel 2/ ..: 36,500 37,000 1,460 1,480 Valencia ..................: 6,700 7,500 268 300 : Florida, all ...............: 15,800 20,500 711 923 Early, mid, and Navel 2/ ..: 6,150 7,500 277 338 Valencia ..................: 9,650 13,000 434 585 : Texas, all .................: 1,130 800 48 34 Early, mid, and Navel 2/ ..: 570 450 24 19 Valencia ..................: 560 350 24 15 : United States, all .........: 60,130 65,800 2,487 2,737 Early, mid, and Navel 2/ ..: 43,220 44,950 1,761 1,837 Valencia ..................: 16,910 20,850 726 900 : Grapefruit : California .................: 4,000 3,500 160 140 Florida, all ...............: 1,810 1,900 77 81 Texas ......................: 2,250 2,200 90 88 : United States ..............: 8,060 7,600 327 309 : Tangerines and mandarins 3/ : California .................: 23,700 23,000 948 920 Florida ....................: 480 500 23 24 : United States ..............: 24,180 23,500 971 944 : Lemons : Arizona ....................: 1,400 1,500 56 60 California .................: 26,500 23,000 1,060 920 : United States ..............: 27,900 24,500 1,116 980 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Net pounds per box: oranges in California-80, Florida-90, Texas-85; grapefruit in California-80, Florida-85, Texas-80; tangerines and mandarins in California-80, Florida-95; lemons-80. 2/ Navel and miscellaneous varieties in California. Early (including Navel) and midseason varieties in Florida and Texas. 3/ Includes tangelos and tangors. Pecan Production by Variety - States and United States: 2022 and Forecasted October 1, 2023 --------------------------------------------------------------------- : Utilized production (in-shell basis) State and variety :------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 --------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 pounds : Arizona .................: 39,100 39,000 Improved ...............: 39,100 39,000 : Georgia .................: 132,000 105,000 Improved ...............: 132,000 105,000 : New Mexico ..............: 74,700 72,000 Improved ...............: 74,700 72,000 : Oklahoma ................: 6,900 15,000 Improved ...............: 2,140 3,750 Native and seedling ....: 4,760 11,250 : Texas ...................: 25,000 17,000 Improved ...............: 22,800 14,450 Native and seedling ....: 2,200 2,550 : United States ...........: 277,700 248,000 Improved ...............: 270,740 234,200 Native and seedling ....: 6,960 13,800 --------------------------------------------------------------------- Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2022 and 2023 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2023 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area planted : Area harvested Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres : Grains and hay : Barley .................................: 2,959 3,101 2,446 2,555 Corn for grain 1/ ......................: 88,589 94,868 79,115 87,096 Corn for silage ........................: (NA) 6,844 Hay, all ...............................: (NA) (NA) 49,546 51,976 Alfalfa ..............................: (NA) (NA) 14,913 15,658 All other ............................: (NA) (NA) 34,633 36,318 Oats ...................................: 2,581 2,555 890 831 Proso millet ...........................: 637 705 507 Rice ...................................: 2,222 2,897 2,172 2,850 Rye ....................................: 2,175 2,293 341 322 Sorghum for grain 1/ ...................: 6,325 7,180 4,570 6,260 Sorghum for silage .....................: (NA) 525 Wheat, all .............................: 45,768 49,575 35,485 37,272 Winter ...............................: 33,281 36,699 23,454 24,683 Durum ................................: 1,632 1,676 1,581 1,604 Other spring .........................: 10,855 11,200 10,450 10,985 : Oilseeds : Canola .................................: 2,213.0 2,351.0 2,168.0 2,301.5 Cottonseed .............................: (X) (X) (X) (X) Flaxseed ...............................: 263 140 244 132 Mustard seed ...........................: 221.0 240.0 182.0 228.5 Peanuts ................................: 1,450.3 1,650.0 1,383.1 1,599.8 Rapeseed ...............................: 10.9 15.5 10.4 14.1 Safflower ..............................: 150.2 143.0 135.3 133.5 Soybeans for beans .....................: 87,450 83,600 86,169 82,791 Sunflower ..............................: 1,693.5 1,322.0 1,605.5 1,262.3 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops : Cotton, all ............................: 13,761.0 10,232.5 7,307.7 8,020.9 Upland ...............................: 13,579.0 10,086.0 7,131.5 7,879.8 American Pima ........................: 182.0 146.5 176.2 141.1 Sugarbeets .............................: 1,159.5 1,132.3 1,137.1 1,118.6 Sugarcane ..............................: (NA) (NA) 930.2 928.0 Tobacco ................................: (NA) (NA) 201.8 190.6 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas ..............................: 353.1 380.3 341.9 373.2 Dry edible beans .......................: 1,250.0 1,184.0 1,223.0 1,142.8 Dry edible peas ........................: 919.0 945.0 862.0 900.0 Lentils ................................: 660.0 545.0 602.0 508.0 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops ...................................: (NA) (NA) 59.8 55.0 Maple syrup ............................: (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Mushrooms ..............................: (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Peppermint oil .........................: (NA) 34.0 Potatoes ...............................: 916.0 949.0 911.4 941.9 Spearmint oil ..........................: (NA) 13.7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2022 and 2023 (continued) [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2023 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Yield per acre : Production Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : --------- 1,000 -------- : Grains and hay : Barley ..........................bushels: 71.6 72.4 175,023 185,036 Corn for grain ..................bushels: 173.4 173.0 13,714,676 15,064,420 Corn for silage ....................tons: 18.7 128,276 Hay, all ...........................tons: 2.28 2.36 112,801 122,828 Alfalfa ..........................tons: 3.22 3.37 47,958 52,735 All other ........................tons: 1.87 1.93 64,843 70,093 Oats ............................bushels: 64.8 68.6 57,655 57,045 Proso millet ....................bushels: 18.5 9,403 Rice 2/ .............................cwt: 7,383 7,737 160,368 220,508 Rye .............................bushels: 36.1 32.2 12,301 10,375 Sorghum for grain ...............bushels: 41.1 57.4 187,785 359,575 Sorghum for silage .................tons: 10.8 5,662 Wheat, all ......................bushels: 46.5 48.6 1,649,713 1,811,977 Winter ........................bushels: 47.0 50.6 1,103,062 1,247,748 Durum .........................bushels: 40.5 37.0 63,981 59,329 Other spring ..................bushels: 46.2 46.0 482,670 504,900 : Oilseeds : Canola ...........................pounds: 1,762 1,741 3,820,780 4,007,550 Cottonseed .........................tons: (X) (X) 4,415.0 3,900.0 Flaxseed ........................bushels: 17.6 4,304 Mustard seed .....................pounds: 557 101,290 Peanuts ..........................pounds: 4,008 3,905 5,542,893 6,247,460 Rapeseed .........................pounds: 1,863 19,380 Safflower ........................pounds: 1,213 164,054 Soybeans for beans ..............bushels: 49.6 49.6 4,270,196 4,104,379 Sunflower ........................pounds: 1,751 1,738 2,811,225 2,194,450 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops : Cotton, all 2/ ....................bales: 950 767 14,468.0 12,817.0 Upland 2/ .......................bales: 942 759 13,998.0 12,461.0 American Pima 2/ ................bales: 1,280 1,211 470.0 356.0 Sugarbeets .........................tons: 28.6 31.1 32,574 34,739 Sugarcane ..........................tons: 37.3 35.2 34,671 32,691 Tobacco ..........................pounds: 2,217 2,253 447,367 429,445 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas 2/ ........................cwt: 1,070 1,329 3,658 4,958 Dry edible beans 2/ .................cwt: 2,113 1,962 25,847 22,425 Dry edible peas 2/ ..................cwt: 1,751 1,909 15,092 17,178 Lentils 2/ ..........................cwt: 912 1,124 5,489 5,710 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops .............................pounds: 1,694 1,886 101,286.3 103,812.0 Maple syrup .....................gallons: (NA) (NA) 4,943 4,179 Mushrooms ........................pounds: (NA) (NA) 702,391 666,647 Peppermint oil ...................pounds: 99 3,349 Potatoes ............................cwt: 438 398,744 Spearmint oil ....................pounds: 120 1,648 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Area planted for all purposes. 2/ Yield in pounds. Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2022 and 2023 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2023 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : hectares : Grains and hay : Barley .........................: 1,197,480 1,254,940 989,870 1,033,980 Corn for grain 1/ ..............: 35,851,080 38,392,130 32,017,050 35,246,880 Corn for silage ................: (NA) 2,769,700 Hay, all 2/ ....................: (NA) (NA) 20,050,770 21,034,170 Alfalfa ......................: (NA) (NA) 6,035,140 6,336,640 All other ....................: (NA) (NA) 14,015,630 14,697,530 Oats ...........................: 1,044,500 1,033,980 360,170 336,300 Proso millet ...................: 257,790 285,310 205,180 Rice ...........................: 899,220 1,172,390 878,990 1,153,370 Rye ............................: 880,200 927,950 138,000 130,310 Sorghum for grain 1/ ...........: 2,559,660 2,905,670 1,849,430 2,533,360 Sorghum for silage .............: (NA) 212,460 Wheat, all 2/ ..................: 18,521,850 20,062,510 14,360,420 15,083,610 Winter .......................: 13,468,490 14,851,720 9,491,600 9,988,960 Durum ........................: 660,450 678,260 639,810 649,120 Other spring .................: 4,392,910 4,532,530 4,229,010 4,445,520 : Oilseeds : Canola .........................: 895,580 951,430 877,370 931,390 Cottonseed .....................: (X) (X) (X) (X) Flaxseed .......................: 106,430 56,660 98,740 53,420 Mustard seed ...................: 89,440 97,130 73,650 92,470 Peanuts ........................: 586,920 667,740 559,730 647,420 Rapeseed .......................: 4,410 6,270 4,210 5,710 Safflower ......................: 60,780 57,870 54,750 54,030 Soybeans for beans .............: 35,390,140 33,832,080 34,871,730 33,504,690 Sunflower ......................: 685,340 535,000 649,730 510,840 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops: Cotton, all 2/ .................: 5,568,940 4,140,990 2,957,350 3,245,980 Upland .......................: 5,495,290 4,081,700 2,886,050 3,188,880 American Pima ................: 73,650 59,290 71,310 57,100 Sugarbeets .....................: 469,240 458,230 460,170 452,690 Sugarcane ......................: (NA) (NA) 376,440 375,550 Tobacco ........................: (NA) (NA) 81,650 77,130 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas ......................: 142,900 153,900 138,360 151,030 Dry edible beans ...............: 505,860 479,150 494,940 462,480 Dry edible peas ................: 371,910 382,430 348,840 364,220 Lentils ........................: 267,100 220,560 243,620 205,580 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops ...........................: (NA) (NA) 24,190 22,270 Maple syrup ....................: (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Mushrooms ......................: (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Peppermint oil .................: (NA) 13,760 Potatoes .......................: 370,700 384,050 368,830 381,180 Spearmint oil ..................: (NA) 5,540 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2022 and 2023 (continued) [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2023 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Yield per hectare : Production Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : metric tons : Grains and hay : Barley .................................: 3.85 3.90 3,810,680 4,028,680 Corn for grain .........................: 10.88 10.86 348,368,820 382,653,890 Corn for silage ........................: 42.02 116,370,030 Hay, all 2/ ............................: 5.10 5.30 102,331,350 111,427,690 Alfalfa ..............................: 7.21 7.55 43,506,770 47,840,390 All other ............................: 4.20 4.33 58,824,580 63,587,300 Oats ...................................: 2.32 2.46 836,860 828,010 Proso millet ...........................: 1.04 213,260 Rice ...................................: 8.28 8.67 7,274,170 10,002,080 Rye ....................................: 2.26 2.02 312,460 263,540 Sorghum for grain ......................: 2.58 3.61 4,769,960 9,133,630 Sorghum for silage .....................: 24.18 5,136,480 Wheat, all 2/ ..........................: 3.13 3.27 44,897,830 49,313,930 Winter ...............................: 3.16 3.40 30,020,430 33,958,140 Durum ................................: 2.72 2.49 1,741,280 1,614,670 Other spring .........................: 3.11 3.09 13,136,120 13,741,130 : Oilseeds : Canola .................................: 1.98 1.95 1,733,080 1,817,790 Cottonseed .............................: (X) (X) 4,005,220 3,538,020 Flaxseed ...............................: 1.11 109,330 Mustard seed ...........................: 0.62 45,940 Peanuts ................................: 4.49 4.38 2,514,210 2,833,800 Rapeseed ...............................: 2.09 8,790 Safflower ..............................: 1.36 74,410 Soybeans for beans .....................: 3.33 3.33 116,215,690 111,702,890 Sunflower ..............................: 1.96 1.95 1,275,150 995,390 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops : Cotton, all 2/ .........................: 1.07 0.86 3,150,040 2,790,570 Upland ...............................: 1.06 0.85 3,047,710 2,713,060 American Pima ........................: 1.44 1.36 102,330 77,510 Sugarbeets .............................: 64.22 69.62 29,550,640 31,514,690 Sugarcane ..............................: 83.55 78.97 31,453,000 29,656,780 Tobacco ................................: 2.49 2.53 202,920 194,790 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas ..............................: 1.20 1.49 165,920 224,890 Dry edible beans .......................: 2.37 2.20 1,172,400 1,017,180 Dry edible peas ........................: 1.96 2.14 684,560 779,180 Lentils ................................: 1.02 1.26 248,980 259,000 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops ...................................: 1.90 2.11 45,940 47,090 Maple syrup ............................: (NA) (NA) 24,720 20,900 Mushrooms ..............................: (NA) (NA) 318,600 302,390 Peppermint oil .........................: 0.11 1,520 Potatoes ...............................: 49.04 18,086,720 Spearmint oil ..........................: 0.13 750 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Area planted for all purposes. 2/ Total may not add due to rounding. Fruits and Nuts Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2023 and 2024 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2022 crop year, except citrus which is for the 2022-2023 season. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Production Crop :----------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Citrus 1/ : Grapefruit ......................1,000 tons: 327 309 Lemons ..........................1,000 tons: 1,116 980 Oranges .........................1,000 tons: 2,487 2,737 Tangerines and mandarins ........1,000 tons: 971 944 : Noncitrus : Apples, commercial ..........million pounds: 9,910.0 Apricots ..............................tons: 32,400 Avocados ..............................tons: Blueberries, Cultivated .......1,000 pounds: Blueberries, Wild (Maine) .....1,000 pounds: Cherries, Sweet .......................tons: 371,000 Cherries, Tart ..............million pounds: 203.0 Coffee (Hawaii) ...............1,000 pounds: Cranberries .........................barrel: 7,620,000 : Dates .................................tons: Grapes ................................tons: 6,285,000 Kiwifruit (California) ................tons: Nectarines (California) ...............tons: Olives (California) ...................tons: Papayas (Hawaii) ..............1,000 pounds: Peaches ...............................tons: 543,000 Pears .................................tons: 645,000 Plums (California) ....................tons: Prunes (California) ...................tons: Raspberries, all .............1,000 pounds: Strawberries .....................1,000 cwt: : Nuts and miscellaneous : Almonds, shelled (California) .1,000 pounds: 2,600,000 Hazelnuts, in-shell (Oregon) ..........tons: Macadamias (Hawaii) ...........1,000 pounds: Pecans, in-shell ..............1,000 pounds: 248,000 Pistachios (California) .......1,000 pounds: Walnuts, in-shell (California) ........tons: 760,000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Production years are 2022-2023 and 2023-2024. Fruits and Nuts Production in Metric Units - United States: 2023 and 2024 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2022 crop year, except citrus which is for the 2022-2023 season. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Production Crop :----------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : metric tons : Citrus 1/ : Grapefruit ................................: 296,650 280,320 Lemons ....................................: 1,012,420 889,040 Oranges ...................................: 2,256,170 2,482,960 Tangerines and mandarins ..................: 880,880 856,380 : Noncitrus : Apples, commercial ........................: 4,495,100 Apricots ..................................: 29,390 Avocados ..................................: Blueberries, Cultivated ...................: Blueberries, Wild (Maine) .................: Cherries, Sweet ...........................: 336,570 Cherries, Tart ............................: 92,080 Coffee (Hawaii) ...........................: Cranberries ...............................: 345,640 : Dates .....................................: Grapes ....................................: 5,701,660 Kiwifruit (California) ....................: Nectarines (California) ...................: Olives (California) .......................: Papayas (Hawaii) ..........................: Peaches ...................................: 492,600 Pears .....................................: 585,130 Plums (California) ........................: Prunes (California) .......................: Raspberries, all ..........................: Strawberries ..............................: : Nuts and miscellaneous : Almonds, shelled (California) .............: 1,179,340 Hazelnuts, in-shell (Oregon) ..............: Macadamias (Hawaii) .......................: Pecans, in-shell ..........................: 112,490 Pistachios (California) ...................: Walnuts, in-shell (California) ............: 689,460 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Production years are 2022-2023 and 2023-2024. Corn for Grain Objective Yield Data The National Agricultural Statistics Service is conducting objective yield surveys in 10 corn-producing States during 2023. Randomly selected plots in corn for grain fields are visited monthly from September through harvest to obtain specific counts and measurements. Data in these tables are rounded actual field counts from this survey. Corn for Grain Plant Population per Acre - Selected States: 2019-2023 [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : : :: State : : : : : and month : 2019 : 2020 : 2021 : 2022 : 2023 :: and month : 2019 : 2020 : 2021 : 2022 : 2023 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : number :: : number : :: : Illinois : :: Nebraska : September .....: 31,100 30,600 31,550 32,050 32,550 :: All corn : October .......: 30,950 30,400 31,550 32,500 32,450 :: September ....: 25,850 27,450 26,750 26,450 26,600 November ......: 30,900 30,400 31,500 32,450 :: October ......: 25,850 27,450 26,650 26,250 26,700 Final .........: 30,900 30,400 31,500 32,450 :: November .....: 25,700 27,400 26,650 26,200 : :: Final ........: 25,700 27,400 26,650 26,200 Indiana : :: : September .....: 29,300 29,850 29,700 29,050 31,000 :: Irrigated : October .......: 29,050 29,800 29,650 28,550 30,800 :: September ....: 28,300 29,950 29,350 29,000 29,650 November ......: 29,000 29,850 29,750 28,600 :: October ......: 28,350 30,100 29,300 28,950 29,600 Final .........: 28,950 29,850 29,750 28,600 :: November .....: 28,300 30,100 29,300 28,850 : :: Final ........: 28,300 30,100 29,300 28,850 Iowa : :: : September .....: 30,850 31,050 31,850 31,750 32,250 :: Non-irrigated : October .......: 30,800 31,000 31,850 31,550 31,900 :: September ....: 23,300 24,950 24,050 23,850 23,450 November ......: 30,750 31,050 31,800 31,600 :: October ......: 23,250 24,750 24,000 23,500 23,650 Final .........: 30,750 31,050 31,800 31,600 :: November .....: 23,000 24,700 23,950 23,500 : :: Final ........: 23,000 24,700 23,950 23,500 Kansas : :: : September .....: 21,350 21,700 22,050 22,600 23,800 :: Ohio : October .......: 21,200 21,650 21,550 23,200 23,400 :: September .....: 30,050 29,800 30,400 29,400 30,050 November ......: 21,200 21,650 21,800 23,350 :: October .......: 30,100 29,900 30,050 29,350 29,900 Final .........: 21,200 21,650 21,800 23,350 :: November ......: 30,000 29,900 30,050 29,700 : :: Final .........: 30,000 29,850 30,050 29,700 Minnesota : :: : September .....: 30,700 31,750 30,750 31,300 31,300 :: South Dakota : October .......: 30,650 31,800 30,700 31,250 31,450 :: September .....: 26,400 25,450 26,150 26,400 26,050 November ......: 30,550 31,800 30,700 31,300 :: October .......: 26,100 25,400 26,100 26,200 26,150 Final .........: 30,650 31,800 30,700 31,300 :: November ......: 26,000 25,550 25,750 25,900 : :: Final .........: 25,900 25,550 25,750 25,900 Missouri : :: : September .....: 28,200 28,200 27,250 27,500 27,350 :: Wisconsin : October .......: 27,500 28,150 27,400 27,100 27,300 :: September .....: 30,250 30,300 29,900 30,700 30,300 November ......: 27,600 28,200 27,350 27,200 :: October .......: 30,150 30,400 29,550 30,300 29,900 Final .........: 27,600 28,200 27,350 27,200 :: November ......: 29,750 30,300 29,400 30,200 : :: Final .........: 29,850 30,300 29,400 30,200 : :: : : :: 10 State : : :: September .....: 28,650 29,000 29,100 29,250 29,650 : :: October .......: 28,500 28,950 29,000 29,200 29,500 : :: November ......: 28,450 28,950 29,000 29,200 : :: Final .........: 28,450 28,950 29,000 29,200 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Corn for Grain Number of Ears per Acre - Selected States: 2019-2023 [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : : :: State : : : : : and month : 2019 : 2020 : 2021 : 2022 : 2023 :: and month : 2019 : 2020 : 2021 : 2022 : 2023 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : number :: : number : :: : Illinois : :: Nebraska : September .....: 30,300 29,900 31,100 31,500 32,250 :: All corn : October .......: 30,300 29,800 31,050 31,850 32,050 :: September ....: 25,850 26,800 26,650 25,850 26,300 November ......: 30,150 29,800 31,050 31,800 :: October ......: 25,950 26,850 26,950 25,000 26,700 Final .........: 30,150 29,800 31,050 31,800 :: November .....: 25,700 26,750 26,800 24,950 : :: Final ........: 25,700 26,750 26,800 24,950 Indiana : :: : September .....: 28,900 29,600 29,700 28,700 30,700 :: Irrigated : October .......: 28,700 29,600 29,750 28,400 30,950 :: September ....: 28,200 28,900 29,000 28,900 29,350 November ......: 28,650 29,600 29,900 28,500 :: October ......: 28,150 28,850 29,600 28,350 29,800 Final .........: 28,600 29,600 29,900 28,500 :: November .....: 28,000 28,800 29,500 28,300 : :: Final ........: 28,000 28,800 29,500 28,300 Iowa : :: : September .....: 30,250 30,600 31,750 30,850 32,050 :: Non-irrigated : October .......: 30,200 30,450 31,800 30,800 31,700 :: September ....: 23,500 24,650 24,250 22,700 23,150 November ......: 30,100 30,550 31,800 30,800 :: October ......: 23,700 24,800 24,200 21,600 23,500 Final .........: 30,100 30,550 31,800 30,800 :: November .....: 23,400 24,700 24,050 21,600 : :: Final ........: 23,400 24,700 24,050 21,600 Kansas : :: : September .....: 21,550 22,050 22,250 22,800 23,500 :: Ohio : October .......: 22,250 21,250 21,450 22,300 22,800 :: September .....: 29,850 29,350 30,650 29,250 29,850 November ......: 22,200 21,250 21,700 22,100 :: October .......: 29,750 29,700 30,350 29,250 30,400 Final .........: 22,200 21,250 21,700 22,100 :: November ......: 29,550 29,700 30,350 29,550 : :: Final .........: 29,550 29,650 30,350 29,500 Minnesota : :: : September .....: 30,050 31,750 30,800 31,200 31,350 :: South Dakota : October .......: 29,800 31,850 30,650 31,450 31,300 :: September .....: 26,450 25,550 26,250 25,300 25,900 November ......: 29,650 31,850 30,600 31,450 :: October .......: 25,300 25,550 26,150 24,700 25,950 Final .........: 29,700 31,850 30,600 31,450 :: November ......: 25,000 25,700 25,400 24,250 : :: Final .........: 24,900 25,700 25,400 24,250 Missouri : :: : September .....: 26,950 27,650 26,900 26,300 26,500 :: Wisconsin : October .......: 26,950 27,600 26,950 26,200 26,300 :: September .....: 29,850 30,050 30,100 29,900 30,450 November ......: 27,100 27,650 26,950 26,300 :: October .......: 30,250 30,400 29,500 29,550 30,200 Final .........: 27,100 27,650 26,950 26,300 :: November ......: 29,850 30,350 29,400 29,400 : :: Final .........: 29,950 30,350 29,400 29,400 : :: : : :: 10-State : : :: September .....: 28,200 28,650 29,050 28,650 29,400 : :: October .......: 28,200 28,600 28,950 28,500 29,350 : :: November ......: 28,050 28,600 28,850 28,450 : :: Final .........: 28,050 28,600 28,850 28,450 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Corn Objective Yield Percent of Samples Processed in the Lab - United States: 2019-2023 [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : October : November Year :----------------------------------------------------------- :Dent stage 1/ : Mature 2/ :Dent stage 1/ : Mature 2/ --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : 2019 ..........: 49 29 1 94 2020 ..........: 25 68 (Z) 96 2021 ..........: 22 69 (Z) 94 2022 ..........: 38 50 (Z) 94 2023 ..........: 26 60 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- (Z) Less than half of the unit shown. 1/ Includes corn in the dent stage of development. Ears are firm and solid. Kernels fully dented with no milk present in most kernels. 2/ Includes that portion of the crop that is mature and ready for harvest. No green foliage is present. Soybean Objective Yield Data The National Agricultural Statistics Service is conducting objective yield surveys in 11 soybean-producing States during 2023. Randomly selected plots in soybean fields are visited monthly from September through harvest to obtain specific counts and measurements. Data in these tables are actual field counts from this survey. Soybean Pods with Beans per 18 Square Feet - Selected States: 2019-2023 [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : : :: State : : : : : and month : 2019 : 2020 : 2021 : 2022 : 2023 :: and month : 2019 : 2020 : 2021 : 2022 : 2023 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : number :: : number : :: : Arkansas : :: Missouri : September .....: 1,759 1,630 1,449 1,721 2,043 :: September .....: 1,719 1,977 1,925 1,736 2,099 October .......: 1,731 1,527 1,501 1,746 1,844 :: October .......: 1,754 2,093 1,886 1,606 1,991 November ......: 1,717 1,459 1,583 1,711 :: November ......: 1,898 2,036 2,047 1,880 Final .........: 1,828 1,418 1,623 1,711 :: Final .........: 1,921 2,041 2,121 1,875 : :: : Illinois : :: Nebraska : September .....: 1,696 2,019 2,080 1,896 1,952 :: September .....: 1,669 1,943 1,887 1,592 1,644 October .......: 1,683 2,127 2,120 1,888 2,085 :: October .......: 1,777 2,002 2,069 1,597 1,678 November ......: 1,601 2,170 2,222 2,010 :: November ......: 1,722 1,980 2,148 1,586 Final .........: 1,603 2,170 2,227 2,011 :: Final .........: 1,722 1,980 2,148 1,586 : :: : Indiana : :: North Dakota : September .....: 1,496 2,056 1,846 1,655 1,927 :: September .....: 1,147 1,242 1,055 1,281 1,250 October .......: 1,501 1,994 1,811 1,749 1,998 :: October .......: 1,246 1,439 1,014 1,298 1,203 November ......: 1,569 1,963 1,822 1,763 :: November ......: 1,253 1,442 1,009 1,357 Final .........: 1,561 1,959 1,836 1,773 :: Final .........: 1,195 1,442 1,009 1,357 : :: : Iowa : :: Ohio : September .....: 1,601 1,675 1,732 1,585 1,814 :: September .....: 1,563 1,811 2,060 1,798 1,847 October .......: 1,642 1,933 1,800 1,653 1,997 :: October .......: 1,760 1,972 1,989 1,890 2,003 November ......: 1,660 1,927 1,894 1,785 :: November ......: 1,587 1,983 2,074 1,788 Final .........: 1,682 1,927 1,890 1,780 :: Final .........: 1,587 1,981 2,116 1,780 : :: : Kansas : :: South Dakota : September .....: 1,561 1,650 1,404 1,456 1,500 :: September .....: 1,504 1,688 1,626 1,258 1,520 October .......: 1,604 1,699 1,480 1,400 1,372 :: October .......: 1,316 1,720 1,526 1,291 1,552 November ......: 1,596 1,629 1,551 1,392 :: November ......: 1,331 1,696 1,512 1,305 Final .........: 1,583 1,629 1,514 1,391 :: Final .........: 1,353 1,696 1,522 1,305 : :: : Minnesota : :: 11-State : September .....: 1,465 1,607 1,603 1,468 1,648 :: September .....: 1,561 1,780 1,717 1,604 1,755 October .......: 1,474 1,782 1,545 1,581 1,695 :: October .......: 1,593 1,882 1,725 1,628 1,799 November ......: 1,458 1,751 1,557 1,610 :: November ......: 1,582 1,866 1,788 1,690 Final .........: 1,458 1,751 1,557 1,610 :: Final .........: 1,586 1,865 1,798 1,689 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Soybean Objective Yield Percent of Samples Processed in the Lab - United States: 2019-2023 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : October : November Year :----------------------------------------------------------- : Mature 1/ : Mature 1/ --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : 2019 ..........: 25 91 2020 ..........: 64 94 2021 ..........: 61 92 2022 ..........: 42 90 2023 ..........: 51 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Includes soybeans with brown pods and are considered mature or almost mature. Cotton Objective Yield Data The National Agricultural Statistics Service conducted objective yield surveys in 4 cotton-producing States during 2023. Randomly selected plots in cotton fields are visited monthly from September through harvest to obtain specific counts and measurements. Data in this table are actual field counts from this survey. Cotton Cumulative Boll Counts - Selected States: 2019-2023 [Includes small bolls (less than one inch in diameter), large unopened bolls (at least one inch in diameter), open bolls, partially opened bolls, and burrs per 40 feet of row. November, December, and Final exclude small bolls. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : : State and month : 2019 : 2020 : 2021 : 2022 : 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : number : Arkansas : September ..........: 900 994 990 811 795 October ............: 896 849 838 799 877 November ...........: 925 820 809 799 December ...........: 900 820 807 799 Final ..............: 900 820 807 799 : Georgia : September ..........: 598 606 597 605 581 October ............: 783 747 658 648 660 November ...........: 790 761 669 705 December ...........: 799 784 694 721 Final ..............: 803 785 694 721 : Mississippi : September ..........: 944 900 957 804 828 October ............: 895 867 807 814 863 November ...........: 904 877 848 830 December ...........: 901 875 849 828 Final ..............: 901 875 851 828 : Texas : September ..........: 458 576 491 583 416 October ............: 438 581 512 615 422 November ...........: 456 595 538 629 December ...........: 459 608 539 640 Final ..............: 461 608 539 643 : 4-State : September ..........: 551 645 567 641 513 October ............: 562 661 573 668 543 November ...........: 579 671 595 692 December ...........: 580 683 599 701 Final ..............: 593 693 597 708 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- September Weather Summary Late-season warmth in New England and between the Rockies and the Appalachians was generally sandwiched between cool conditions in the Far West and portions of the southern Atlantic States. September temperatures averaged 4 to 6°F above normal in many locations across Texas and environs, while readings averaged at least 2 to 4°F above normal across parts of the northern Plains, upper Midwest, and northern New England. It was the warmest September on record in Texas locations such as Austin, Del Rio, and San Antonio. In addition, the warm weather prevented freezes from reaching any of the Nation's key agricultural regions through the end of September. Meanwhile, cooler-than-normal conditions were prominent in much of California and the Great Basin, where monthly temperatures locally averaged more than 4°F below normal. The warmth across the Plains, Midwest, and South promoted a rapid pace of summer crop maturation, as well as early-season harvest efforts. By October 1, most (86 percent) of the Nation's soybeans were dropping leaves, while 82 percent of the corn was fully mature. On the same date, harvest was 23 percent complete for both crops. In the South, 75 percent of the Nation's rice was harvested by October 1, ahead of the 5-year average of 69 percent. In drier areas, however, crop conditions were less than optimal, with 17 percent of the Nation's corn, 18 percent of the soybeans, 27 percent of the sorghum, and 43 percent of the cotton rated in very poor to poor condition as October began. Texas led the Nation on October 1 with 65 percent of its cotton rated very poor to poor. Meanwhile, winter wheat planting-40 percent complete, nationally, by October 1-began during September under mixed conditions, with some areas having adequate moisture for germination and establishment, and others contending with significant drought. By September 26, nearly one-half (47 percent) of the Nation's winter wheat production area was experiencing drought, according to the Drought Monitor. On that date, drought covered 38 percent of the Lower 48 States, up from 34 percent at the end of August and a 3-year low of 19 percent on May 30, 2023. Extreme to exceptional drought (D3 to D4) was observed by late September in portions of 18 States, topped by Louisiana with 85 percent coverage. D3 to D4 also covered at least one-fifth of Mississippi (47 percent), Texas (38 percent), New Mexico (32 percent), Iowa (25 percent), and Kansas (21 percent). On October 1, at least one-half of the rangeland and pastures were rated in very poor to poor condition in seven states, led by Washington (76 percent) and Texas (73 percent). Other states on that list were Louisiana and Minnesota, both at 65 percent, along with Oregon (54 percent), Kansas (51 percent), and Mississippi (50 percent). Similarly, topsoil moisture was rated at least one-half very short to short in 20 States, mainly across the Plains, Northwest, and Mississippi and Ohio Valleys, helping to push the national value to 55 percent very short to short by October 1. Lack of runoff into the Mississippi River basin lowered water levels to near-record values from where the Ohio River enters the Mississippi River, downstream to the Mississippi Delta. On September 28, the Mississippi River at Memphis, Tennessee, fell within 0.17 foot of the record low established on October 21, 2022. As September began, Post-Tropical Cyclone Idalia was moving away from the mainland United States, with diminishing impacts along the Atlantic Coast. However, recovery efforts continued in Florida's Big Bend, where Idalia had moved ashore on the morning of August 30 as a Category 3 hurricane, with sustained winds near 125 mph. About 2 weeks later, former Category 5 Hurricane Lee reached the Canadian Maritimes, first reaching land on Long Island in Nova Scotia on the afternoon of September 16, approximately 50 miles east-southeast of Eastport, Maine, with sustained winds near 70 mph. Wind gusts associated with Lee topped 50 mph in parts of coastal New England, while rainfall exceeded 2 inches in portions of eastern Maine. Finally, Tropical Storm Ophelia made landfall near Emerald Isle, North Carolina, just before daybreak on September 23, with sustained winds near 70 mph. Less than 18 hours after moving ashore, Ophelia had lost most of its tropical characteristics and was re-classified as a post-tropical cyclone. Still, the short-lived storm produced as much as 4 to 8 inches of rain in the middle Atlantic coastal plain, as well as widespread wind gusts from 50 to 70 mph. Even after Ophelia's dissipation, cool, cloudy weather lingered for days along portions of the Atlantic Coast, with flooding rain developing in the New York City metropolitan area on September 29. September Agricultural Summary September was warmer than normal for most of the Nation. Parts of the upper Midwest, New England, Great Plains, and Southwest recorded temperatures 4°F or more above normal for the month. In contrast, most of the Great Basin and California, as well as large parts of the southern Atlantic Coast and Pacific Northwest, were cooler than normal. Locations in California, Nevada, and Utah recorded temperatures 4°F or more below normal. While much of the East remained drier than normal, parts of the Northeast Coast and locations along Lake Superior recorded at least twice the normal amount of precipitation for the month. Parts of Florida and the Northeast Coast received 8 inches or more of rain for the month. In the West, while large parts of California and Texas remained dry, much of the Great Basin and large parts of the Pacific Northwest, as well as locations in the Plains, Rockies, and Southwest, recorded at least twice the normal amount of precipitation. By September 3, ninety-three percent of the corn acreage was at or beyond the dough stage, 2 percentage points ahead of last year and 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. By September 3, sixty-seven percent of this year's corn acreage was denting, 6 percentage points ahead of last year and 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Denting progress advanced 10 percentage points or more in 14 of the 18 estimating States during the week. Eighteen percent of the Nation's corn acreage was mature by September 3, four percentage points ahead of last year and 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By September 17, ninety percent of this year's corn acreage was denting, 4 percentage points ahead of last year and 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Fifty-four percent of the Nation's corn acreage was mature by September 17, sixteen percentage points ahead of last year and 10 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Nine percent of the 2023 corn acreage was harvested by September 17, two percentage points ahead of both last year and the 5-year average harvest pace. Harvest was underway in 14 of the 18 estimating States. Eighty-two percent of the Nation's corn acreage was mature by October 1, nine percentage points ahead of last year and 7 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Corn maturing advanced 10 percentage points or more in 12 of the 18 estimating States. Twenty-three percent of the 2023 corn acreage was harvested by week's end, 4 percentage points ahead of last year and 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average harvest pace. On October 1, fifty-three percent of the Nation's corn acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, 1 percentage point above the same time last year. Nationally, 95 percent of the Nation's soybean acreage had begun setting pods, 1 percentage point ahead of both last year and the 5-year average. Leaf drop was 16 percent complete Nationally by September 3, seven percentage points ahead of last year and 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Leaf drop was 54 percent complete Nationally by September 17, fifteen percentage points ahead of last year and 11 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Soybean harvest across the Nation was 5 percent complete by September 17, two percentage points ahead of last year and 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. Harvest was underway in 15 of the 18 estimating States. Leaf drop was 86 percent complete Nationally by October 1, eight percentage points ahead of last year and 9 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Leaf drop advanced 10 percentage points or more in 12 of the 18 estimating States during the week. Soybean harvest across the Nation was 23 percent complete by October 1, three percentage points ahead of last year and 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. On October 1, fifty-two percent of the Nation's soybean acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, 3 percentage points below the same time last year. Nationwide, producers had sown 7 percent of the intended 2024 winter wheat acreage by September 10, two percentage points behind last year but equal to the 5-year average. Nationwide, producers had sown 26 percent of the intended 2024 winter wheat acreage by September 24, four percentage points behind last year and 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Planting progress was most advanced in Nebraska at 60 percent planted, 23 percentage points ahead of last year and 9 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Nationwide, 7 percent of the winter wheat acreage had emerged by September 24, one percentage point behind last year but 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. Nationwide, producers had sown 40 percent of the intended 2024 winter wheat acreage by October 1, one percentage point ahead of last year but 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Nationwide, 15 percent of the winter wheat acreage had emerged by October 1, one percentage point ahead of last year but 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. By September 3, ninety-four percent of the Nation's cotton acreage had begun setting bolls, 3 percentage points behind last year and 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. By September 3, thirty-two percent of the Nation's cotton had open bolls, 5 percentage points behind last year and 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. By September 17, fifty-five percent of the Nation's cotton had open bolls, 3 percentage points behind last year but 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By September 17, nine percent of the Nation's cotton acreage was harvested, 2 percentage points behind last year and 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. By October 1, seventy-five percent of the Nation's cotton had open bolls, 1 percentage point behind last year but 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Advances of 10 percentage points or more from the previous week occurred in 9 of the 15 estimating States. By October 1, eighteen percent of the Nation's cotton acreage was harvested, 3 percentage points behind last year but 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. On October 1, thirty percent of the 2023 cotton acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, 1 percentage point below the same time last year. By September 3, ninety-three percent of the Nation's sorghum acreage had reached the headed stage, 2 percentage points ahead of last year but 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Sixty-one percent of the Nation's sorghum acreage was at or beyond the coloring stage by September 3, one percentage point ahead of last year but 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By September 3, twenty-eight percent of the Nation's sorghum acreage was mature, 1 percentage point ahead of last year but equal to the 5-year average. Nineteen percent of the 2023 sorghum acreage had been harvested by September 3, one percentage point behind last year and 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Eighty-five percent of the Nation's sorghum acreage was at or beyond the coloring stage by September 17, two percentage points ahead of last year but 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By September 17, forty-seven percent of the Nation's sorghum acreage was mature, 4 percentage points ahead of both last year and the 5-year average. Twenty-four percent of the 2023 sorghum acreage had been harvested by September 17, equal to last year but 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Ninety-six percent of the Nation's sorghum acreage was at or beyond the coloring stage by October 1, one percentage point ahead of last year but 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Coloring was at or near completion in all 6 estimating States. By October 1, seventy percent of the Nation's sorghum acreage was mature, 3 percentage points ahead of both last year and the 5-year average. Thirty-five percent of the 2023 sorghum acreage had been harvested by October 1, two percentage points ahead of last year and 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. Eighty-five percent of Texas' sorghum acreage was harvested by October 1, five percentage points behind last year but 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. Forty-one percent of the Nation's sorghum acreage was rated in good to excellent condition on October 1, twenty-one percentage points above the same time last year. Nationally, 34 percent of the rice acreage was harvested by September 3, eleven percentage points ahead of last year and 8 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. On September 10, seventy-one percent of the Nation's rice acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, 1 percentage point below the same time last year. Nationally, 57 percent of the rice acreage was harvested by September 17, fourteen percentage points ahead of last year and 10 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Nationally, 75 percent of the rice acreage was harvested by October 1, seven percentage points ahead of last year and 6 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Ninety-five percent of the Nation's oat acreage had been harvested by September 10, one percentage point ahead of last year but 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Oat harvest progress advanced 19 percentage points in North Dakota. Harvesting of oats was complete or nearing completion in all 9 estimating States except North Dakota. By September 3, barley producers had harvested 80 percent of the Nation's barley crop, 5 percentage points ahead of last year but 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. By September 24, barley producers had harvested 96 percent of the Nation's barley crop, 1 percentage point behind the previous year and 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Harvesting of barley was complete or nearing completion in all 5 estimating States. By September 3, seventy-four percent of the Nation's spring wheat had been harvested, 6 percentage points ahead of the previous year but 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By September 24, ninety-six percent of the Nation's spring wheat had been harvested, equal to both the previous year and the 5-year average. Harvesting of spring wheat was complete or nearing completion in all 6 estimating States. Four percent of the Nation's peanut acreage was harvested as of September 17, equal to last year but 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Sixteen percent of the Nation's peanut acreage was harvested as of October 1, ten percentage points behind last year and 6 percentage points behind the 5-year average. On October 1, forty-eight percent of the Nation's peanut acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, 17 percentage points below the same time last year. By September 17, sugarbeet producers had harvested 10 percent of the Nation's crop, 2 percentage points ahead of last year but equal to the 5-year average. By October 1, sugarbeet producers had harvested 15 percent of the Nation's crop, 3 percentage points behind last year and 8 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By October 1, one percent of this year's sunflower crop was harvested, equal to last year but 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Crop Comments Corn: The 2023 area harvested for grain, forecast at 87.1 million acres, is unchanged from the previous forecast but up 10 percent from last year. The October 1 corn objective yield data indicate the highest number of ears on record for the combined objective yield States (Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin). Production for grain is forecast at 15.1 billion bushels, which if realized would be the third highest production for grain on record for the United States. Based on conditions as of October 1, the yield is forecast at 173.0 bushels per acre, down 0.4 bushel from last year's final estimate of 173.4 bushels. Record high yields are forecast in Alabama, Indiana, Ohio, and South Carolina. By September 3, ninety-three percent of the corn acreage was at or beyond the dough stage, 2 percentage points ahead of last year and 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. By September 3, sixty-seven percent of this year's corn acreage was denting, 6 percentage points ahead of last year and 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Eighteen percent of the Nation's corn acreage was mature by September 3, four percentage points ahead of last year and 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By September 10, ninety-seven percent of the corn acreage was at or beyond the dough stage, 2 percentage points ahead of last year and 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. By September 10, eighty-two percent of this year's corn acreage was denting, 7 percentage points ahead of last year and 4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Thirty-four percent of the Nation's corn acreage was mature by September 10, ten percentage points ahead of last year and 6 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Five percent of the 2023 corn acreage was harvested by week's end, equal to last year but 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average harvest pace. By September 17, ninety percent of this year's corn acreage was denting, 4 percentage points ahead of last year and 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Fifty-four percent of the corn acreage was mature by September 17, sixteen percentage points ahead of last year and 10 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Nine percent of the 2023 corn acreage was harvested by week's end, 2 percentage points ahead of both last year and the 5-year average harvest pace. By September 24, ninety-five percent of this year's corn acreage was denting, 4 percentage points ahead of last year and 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Seventy percent of the Nation's corn was mature by September 24, fifteen percentage points ahead of last year and 10 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Fifteen percent of the 2023 corn acreage was harvested by September 24, four percentage points ahead of last year and 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. On September 24, fifty-three percent of the Nation's corn was rated in good to excellent condition, 1 percentage point above the previous year. Eighty-two percent of the Nation's corn acreage was mature by October 1, nine percentage points ahead of last year and 7 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Twenty-three percent of the 2023 corn acreage was harvested by week's end, 4 percentage points ahead of last year and 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. On October 1, fifty-three percent of the Nation's corn acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, 1 percentage point above the previous year. Sorghum: Area harvested for grain is forecast at 6.26 million acres, unchanged from the previous forecast but up 37 percent from 2022. Production is forecast at 360 million bushels, down 6 percent from the previous estimate but up 91 percent from last year. Based on September 1 conditions, yield is forecast at 57.4 bushels per acre, 16.3 bushels above the 2022 yield of 41.1 bushels per acre. If realized, South Dakota will have record high production along with a record high yield. By October 1, seventy percent of the Nation's sorghum acreage was mature, 3 percentage points ahead of both last year and the 5-year average. Thirty-five percent of the 2023 sorghum acreage had been harvested by October 1, two percentage points ahead of last year and 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. Eighty-five percent of Texas' sorghum acreage was harvested by October 1, five percentage points behind last year but 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. Forty-one percent of the Nation's sorghum acreage was rated in good to excellent condition on October 1, one percentage point below the previous week but 21 percentage points above the previous year. Rice: Production is forecast at 221 million cwt, down less than 1 percent from the previous forecast but up 38 percent from 2022. Area for harvest is expected to total 2.85 million acres, unchanged from the previous forecast but up 31 percent from last year. Based on conditions as of October 1, the United States yield is forecast at a record 7,737 pounds per acre, down 14 pounds per acre from the previous forecast but up 354 pounds per acre from 2022. All rice growing States are forecasted to have an increase in production from the previous year. The yield in Texas is also forecast to be a record high. As of October 1, seventy-five percent of the rice acreage was harvested, 7 percentage points ahead of last year and 6 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Soybeans: Production is forecast at 4.10 billion bushels, down 1 percent from the previous estimate and down 4 percent from last year. The forecasted yield, at 49.6 bushels per acre, is equal to last year's final estimate. Area harvested for beans in the United States is forecast at 82.8 million acres, unchanged from the previous forecast but down 4 percent from last year. Record high yields are forecast in Arkansas, Indiana, Mississippi, Ohio, and Tennessee. The October objective yield data for the combined 11 major soybean-producing States (Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, and South Dakota) indicate a higher pod count compared with the previous year. Compared with final counts for 2022, pod counts are up in 9 of the 11 published States. South Dakota showed the greatest increase, up 247 pods per 18 square feet from the previous year. As of October 1, eighty-six percent of the United States soybean acreage was at or beyond the leaf dropping stage, 8 percentage points ahead of last year and 9 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Soybean harvest was 23 percent complete as of October 1, three percentage points ahead of last year and 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. As of October 1, fifty-two percent of the Nation's soybean acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, 3 percentage points behind the same time last year. Sunflower: The first production forecast for 2023 is 2.19 billion pounds, down 22 percent from the revised 2022 production of 2.81 billion pounds. Area planted, at 1.32 million acres, is down 2 percent from the June estimate and down 22 percent from last year. Sunflower growers expect to harvest 1.26 million acres, down 2 percent from the June forecast and down 21 percent from 2022. Acreage updates were made in several States based on a thorough review of all available data. The October yield forecast, at 1,738 pounds per acre, is 13 pounds lower than last year's yield but will still represent the third highest on record for the Nation, if realized. The forecasted production in North Dakota, the leading sunflower-producing State this year, is 1.08 billion pounds, a decrease of 20 percent from 2022. Compared with last year, the average yield forecast of 1,938 pounds per acre in North Dakota is up 17 pounds. In South Dakota, the average yield is forecast at 1,668 pounds per acre, down 78 pounds from last year. The yield forecast in Minnesota and North Dakota will be the highest on record, if realized. By the beginning of October, harvest was underway in 2 of the 4 estimating States published in the weekly Crop Progress and Condition report, with harvest not yet started in Colorado and North Dakota. As of October 1, one percent of the Nation's sunflower acreage was harvested, equal to last year's pace but 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average pace. Peanuts: Production is forecast at 6.25 billion pounds in 2023, down 1 percent from the previous forecast, but up 13 percent from 2022. Area harvested is expected to total 1.60 million acres, unchanged from the previous forecast but up 16 percent from 2022. Based on conditions as of October 1, the average yield for the United States is forecast at 3,905 pounds per acre, down 48 pounds per acre from the previous forecast and down 103 pounds per acre from 2022. The yield in South Carolina is forecast to be a record high. Sixteen percent of the Nation's peanut acreage was harvested as of October 1, ten percentage points behind last year and 6 points behind the 5-year average. On October 1, forty-eight percent of the Nation's peanut acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, 6 percentage points below the previous week and 17 percentage points below the previous year. Canola: The first production forecast for 2023 is a record high 4.01 billion pounds, up 5 percent from the 2022 revised production of 3.82 billion pounds. Production in both North Dakota and Washington will be the highest on record, if realized. Meanwhile, the production in both Kansas and Oklahoma will be the lowest on record, if realized. Area planted for the Nation, at a record high 2.35 million acres, is up 3 percent from the June estimate and up 6 percent from last year's area. Canola farmers expect to harvest a record high 2.30 million acres, up 3 percent from June and up 6 percent from 2022. Acreage updates were made in several States based on a thorough review of all available data. The October yield forecast, at 1,741 pounds per acre, is 21 pounds below last year. The average yield forecast in both Montana and Washington are down 100 pounds per acre from last year's average yield in those States. Compared with 2022, the average yield in Minnesota is up 90 pounds per acre and will be the highest on record, if realized. The yield in North Dakota, the largest canola-producing State, is forecast at 1,790 pounds per acre, down 30 pounds from last year's yield. Planted area in North Dakota is estimated at a record high 1.90 million acres, up 7 percent from last year. Planting of this year's canola crop in North Dakota progressed ahead of last year's pace but generally lagged behind the 5-year average pace. As of June 4, eighty-five percent of the crop had been planted, 23 percentage points ahead of last year's pace but equal to the 5-year average pace. Blooming of the canola crop began in late June. As of June 25, twenty-two percent of the canola acreage was at or past the blooming stage, 8 percentage points ahead of last year's pace and 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average pace. Maturation of the crop fell behind the 5-year average pace through July and into August. Harvest began in mid-August and progressed to 88 percent complete by October 1, two percentage points ahead of last year and 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. Cotton: Upland harvested area for the Nation is expected to total 7.88 million acres, unchanged from the previous forecast but up 10 percent from last year. Expected Pima harvested area at 141,100 acres is unchanged from the previous estimate but down 20 percent from last year. If realized, Upland harvested area for California and New Mexico would be a record low. A record low Upland production is forecasted for New Mexico. Arizona Pima is forecasted to be a record high yield. By October 1, seventy-five percent of the Nation's cotton had open bolls, 1 percentage point behind last year but 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Advances of 10 percentage points or more from the previous week occurred in 9 of the 15 estimating States. By October 1, eighteen percent of the Nation's cotton acreage was harvested, 3 percentage points behind last year but 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. On October 1, thirty percent of the 2023 cotton acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, equal to the previous week but 1 percentage point below the previous year. Ginnings totaled 958,450 running bales prior to October 1, down from 1,083,700 running bales ginned prior to the same date last year. Alfalfa and alfalfa mixtures: Production of alfalfa and alfalfa mixture dry hay for 2023 is forecast at 52.7 million tons, up 8 percent from the August forecast and up 10 percent from 2022. Based on October 1 conditions, yields are expected to average 3.37 tons per acre, up 0.24 ton from the August forecast and up 0.15 ton from last year. Harvested area is forecast at 15.7 million acres, unchanged from the Acreage report but up 5 percent from 2022. Record high yields are forecast for New Mexico and North Dakota. Other hay: Production of other hay is forecast at 70.1 million tons, up less than 1 percent from the August forecast and up 8 percent from 2022. Based on October 1 conditions, the United States yield is expected to average 1.93 tons per acre, up 0.01 ton from the August forecast and up 0.06 ton from last year. Harvested area is forecast at 36.3 million acres, unchanged from the Acreage report but up 5 percent from 2022. Record high yields expected in Alabama, Georgia, Nebraska, North Dakota, and Wyoming. Dry beans: Production of dry edible beans is forecast at 22.4 million cwt, down 1 percent from previous forecast and down 13 percent from 2022. Area planted is estimated at 1.18 million acres, down 4 percent from the August forecast and down 5 percent from 2022. Area harvested is forecast at 1.14 million acres, down 4 percent from the August forecast and down 7 percent from 2022. The yield is forecast at 1,962 pounds per acre, an increase of 63 pounds from the previous forecast but a decrease of 151 pounds from last season. Tobacco: The 2023 United States all tobacco production is forecast at 429 million pounds, up 4 percent from the previous forecast but down 4 percent from 2022. Area harvested, at 190,590 acres, is down 1 percent from the previous month and down 6 percent from last year. Yield for the 2023 crop year is forecast at 2,253 pounds per acre, up 100 pounds from last month and 36 pounds above last year. Sugarbeets: Production of sugarbeets for the 2023 crop year is forecast at 34.7 million tons, down 1 percent from last month but up 7 percent from last year. Producers expect to harvest 1.12 million acres, unchanged from last month but down 2 percent from last year. Yield is forecast at 31.1 tons per acre, down 0.4 ton from last month but up 2.5 tons from last year. Sugarcane: Production of sugarcane for sugar and seed is forecast at 32.7 million tons, up 1 percent from the previous forecast but down 6 percent from last season. Producers intend to harvest 928,000 acres for sugar and seed during the 2023 crop year, up slightly from last month but down slightly from 2022. Yields for sugar and seed are expected to average 35.2 tons per acre, up 0.3 ton from last month but down 2.1 tons from last season. Grapefruit: The United States 2023-2024 grapefruit crop is forecast at 309,000 tons, down 6 percent from last season's final utilization. The California forecast, at 3.50 million boxes (140,000 tons), is down 13 percent from the last season. The Florida forecast, at 1.90 million boxes (81,000 tons), is up 5 percent from the last season. The Texas forecast at 2.20 million boxes (88,000 tons), is down 2 percent from the 2022-2023 season. Lemons: The 2023-2024 United States lemon crop is forecast at 980,000 tons, down 12 percent from last season's final utilization. The California forecast, at 23.0 million boxes (920,000 tons), is down 13 percent from the 2022-2023 season. The Arizona forecast, at 1.50 million boxes (60,000 tons), is up 7 percent from last year. Tangerines and mandarins: The United States tangerine and mandarin crop is forecast at 944,000 tons, down 3 percent from last season's final utilization. The California tangerine and mandarin forecast, at 23.0 million boxes (920,000 tons), is down 3 percent from the previous year. The Florida tangerine and mandarin forecast, at 500,000 boxes (24,000 tons), is up 4 percent from last year. Pecans: Production is forecast at 248 million pounds, down 11 percent from 2022. Improved varieties are expected to produce 234 million pounds or 94 percent of the total. The native and seedling varieties are expected to produce 13.8 million pounds, making up the remaining 6 percent of production. Statistical Methodology Field crop survey procedures: Objective yield and farm operator surveys were conducted between September 29 and October 5 to gather information on expected yield as of October 1. The objective yield surveys for corn, cotton, and soybeans were conducted in the major producing States that usually account for about 75 percent of the United States production. Randomly selected plots were revisited to make current counts. The counts made within each sample plot depend on the crop and the maturity of that crop. In all cases, plant counts are recorded along with other measurements that provide information to forecast the number of ears, bolls, or pods and their weight. The counts are used with similar data from previous years to develop a projected biological yield. The average harvesting loss is subtracted to obtain a net yield. The plots are visited starting in September and are revisited each month until crop maturity when the fruit is harvested and weighed. After the farm operator has harvested the sample field, another plot is sampled to obtain current year harvesting loss. Starting in 2019, NASS eliminated the August objective yield survey for cotton (except Texas), corn, and soybeans. The farm operator survey was conducted primarily by telephone with some use of mail, internet, and personal interviewers. Approximately 7,800 producers were interviewed during the survey period and asked questions about probable yield. These growers will continue to be surveyed throughout the growing season to provide indications of average yields. Orange survey procedures: In Florida, during August and September, the number of bearing trees and the number of fruit per tree is determined. In August and subsequent months, fruit size measurement and fruit droppage surveys are conducted, which combined with the previous components are used to develop the current forecast of production. California and Texas conduct grower surveys on a quarterly basis in October, January, April, and July. California also conducts objective measurement surveys in September for Navel oranges and in March for Valencia oranges. Field crop estimating procedures: National and State level objective yield and grower reported data were reviewed for reasonableness and consistency with historical estimates. The survey data were also reviewed considering weather patterns and crop progress compared to previous months and previous years. Each Regional Field Office submits their analysis of the current situation to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the survey data and the State analyses to prepare the published October 1 forecasts. Orange estimating procedures: State level objective measurement estimates for Florida oranges were reviewed for errors, reasonableness, and consistency with historical estimates. Reports from growers in California and Texas were also used for setting estimates. These three States submit their analyses of the current situation to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the survey data and the State analyses to prepare the published October 1 forecast. Revision policy: The October 1 production forecast will not be revised; instead, a new forecast will be made each month throughout the growing season. End-of-season estimates are made after harvest. At the end of the marketing season, a balance sheet is calculated using carryover stocks, production, exports, millings, feeding, and ending stocks. Revisions are then made if the balance sheet relationships or other administrative data warrant changes. Estimates of acres for barley, oats, and wheat are subject to revision in the August Crop Production report. Acres for chickpeas, corn, cotton, dry edible peas, lentils, peanuts, rice, sorghum, soybeans, and sugarbeets are subject for revision in the September Crop Production report each year. Barley, oat, rye, and wheat end-of-season estimates are made in the Small Grains Annual report at the end of September. Canola, dry edible beans, and sunflower acres are subject to revision in the October Crop Production report. Potato acres are subject to revision in the November Crop Production report. End-of-season estimates for all other row crops are made in the Annual Crop Production Summary in January. Revisions to planted acres will only be made when either special survey data, administrative data, such as Farm Service Agency program "sign up" data, or remote sensing data are available. Harvested acres may be revised any time a production forecast is made if there is strong evidence that the intended harvested area has changed since the last forecast. End-of-season orange estimates will be published in August Citrus Fruits Summary. The orange production estimates are based on all data available at the end of the marketing season, including information from marketing orders, shipments, and processor records. Allowances are made for recorded local utilization and home use. Reliability: To assist users in evaluating the reliability of the October 1 production forecast, the "Root Mean Square Error," a statistical measure based on past performance, is computed. The deviation between the October 1 production forecast and the final estimate is expressed as a percentage of the final estimate. The average of the squared percentage deviations for the latest 20-year period is computed. The square root of the average becomes statistically the "Root Mean Square Error." Probability statements can be made concerning expected differences in the current forecast relative to the final end-of-season estimate, assuming that factors affecting this year's forecast are not different from those influencing recent years. For example, the "Root Mean Square Error" for the October 1 corn for grain production forecast is 1.9 percent. This means that chances are 2 out of 3 that the current production forecast will not be above or below the final estimate by more than 1.9 percent. Chances are 9 out of 10 (90 percent confidence level) that the difference will not exceed 3.4 percent. Also, shown in the following table is a 20-year record for selected crops of the differences between the October 1 forecast and the final estimate. Using corn again as an example, changes between the October 1 forecast and the final estimate during the last 20 years have averaged 203 million bushels, ranging from 10 million bushels to 610 million bushels. The October 1 forecast has been below the final estimate 9 times and above 10 times. This does not imply that the October 1 corn forecast this year is likely to understate or overstate final production. Reliability of October 1 Crop Production Forecasts [Based on data for the past twenty years] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : : : Difference between forecast : : : and final estimate : : :---------------------------------------- : :90 percent : Production : Years Crop : Root mean :confidence :---------------------------------------- :square error: interval : : : : Below : Above : : :Average:Smallest:Largest: final : final ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : ---- percent --- ------ millions ----- number : Corn for grain ........bushels: 1.9 3.4 203 10 610 9 10 Hay : Alfalfa .................tons: 5.1 8.8 2 (Z) 7 4 15 Other ...................tons: 4.1 7.1 3 (Z) 6 3 16 Oranges 1/ ...............tons: 10.3 17.8 452 2 1,676 2 17 Peanut 1/ ..............pounds: 6.0 10.4 269 16 729 11 8 Rice ......................cwt: 1.9 3.3 3 (Z) 12 11 8 Sorghum for grain .....bushels: 8.5 14.8 16 2 57 9 10 Soybeans for beans ....bushels: 2.4 4.2 59 1 261 13 6 Sugarbeets for sugar .....tons: 5.2 9.0 1 (Z) 5 8 11 Sugarcane ................tons: 6.0 10.4 2 (Z) 4 10 9 Upland cotton 1/ ........bales: 6.8 11.7 939 76 2,439 8 11 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (Z) Less than half of the unit shown. 1/ Quantity is in thousands of units. USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service Information Contacts Listed below are the commodity statisticians in the Crops Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to nass@usda.gov Lance Honig, Chief, Crops Branch..................................................... (202) 720-2127 Chris Hawthorn, Head, Field Crops Section............................................ (202) 720-2127 Irwin Anolik - Crop Progress and Condition...................................... (202) 720-7621 Joshua Bates - Hemp, Oats, Soybeans............................................. (202) 690-3234 Natasha Bruton - Barley, Cotton System Consumption and Stocks, Grain Crushings.. (202) 690-1042 David Colwell - Fats and Oils, Flour Milling Products........................... (202) 720-8800 Michelle Harder - County Estimates, Hay......................................... (202) 690-8533 James Johanson - Rye, Wheat..................................................... (202) 720-8068 Greg Lemmons - Corn, Flaxseed, Proso Millet..................................... (202) 720-9526 Becky Sommer - Cotton, Cotton Ginnings, Sorghum................................. (202) 720-5944 Travis Thorson - Sunflower, Other Oilseeds...................................... (202) 720-7369 Jennifer Van Court - Peanuts, Rice.............................................. (202) 720-2127 Fleming Gibson, Head, Fruits, Vegetables and Special Crops Section................... (202) 720-2127 Deonne Holiday - Almonds, Carrots, Coffee, Cranberries, Garlic, Onions, Plums, Prunes, Tobacco............................................................... (202) 720-4288 Bret Holliman - Apricots, Chickpeas, Nectarines, Peaches, Snap Beans, Sweet Corn, Tomatoes................................................................. (202) 720-7235 Robert Little - Blueberries, Cabbage, Dry Beans, Lettuce, Macadamia, Maple Syrup, Pears, Raspberries, Spinach............................................. (202) 720-3250 Krishna Rizal - Artichokes, Asparagus, Celery, Grapefruit, Kiwifruit, Lemons, Mandarins and tangerines, Mint, Mushrooms, Olives, Oranges, Pistachios............... (202) 720-5412 Chris Singh - Apples, Cucumbers, Hazelnuts, Potatoes, Pumpkins, Squash, Strawberries, Sugarbeets, Sugarcane, Sweet Potatoes.......................... (202) 720-4285 Antonio Torres - Cantaloupes, Dry Edible Peas, Grapes, Green Peas, Honeydews, Lentils, Sweet Cherries, Tart Cherries, Walnuts, Watermelons.............. (202) 720-2157 Chris Wallace - Avocados, Bell Peppers, Broccoli, Cauliflower, Chile Peppers, Dates, Floriculture, Hops, Papayas, Pecans............................ 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