Crop Production ISSN: 1936-3737 Released July 12, 2024, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Winter Wheat Production Up 4 Percent from June Forecast Orange Production Up 2 Percent Winter wheat production is forecast at 1.34 billion bushels, up 4 percent from the June 1 forecast and up 7 percent from 2023. As of July 1, the United States yield is forecast at 52.0 bushels per acre, up 0.6 bushel from last month and up 1.4 bushels from last year's average yield of 50.6 bushels per acre. Hard Red Winter production, at 763 million bushels, is up 5 percent from last month. Soft Red Winter, at 344 million bushels, is up less than 1 percent from the June forecast. White Winter, at 234 million bushels, is up 4 percent from last month. Of the White Winter production, 19.0 million bushels are Hard White and 215 million bushels are Soft White. Durum wheat production is forecast at 89.3 million bushels, up 50 percent from 2023. Based on July 1 conditions, yields are expected to average 42.7 bushels per harvested acre, up 5.7 bushels from 2023. Area expected to be harvested for grain or seed totals 2.09 million acres, unchanged from the Acreage report released on June 28, 2024, but up 30 percent from 2023. Other spring wheat production for grain is forecast at 578 million bushels, up 14 percent from last year. Based on July 1 conditions, yields are expected to average 53.1 bushels per harvested acre, up 7.1 bushel from 2023. If realized, the United States yield would be a record high. Area harvested for grain or seed is expected to total 10.9 million acres, unchanged from the Acreage report released on June 28, 2024, but 1 percent below 2023. Of the total production, 532 million bushels are Hard Red Spring wheat, up 14 percent from 2023. The United States all orange forecast for the 2023-2024 season is 2.76 million tons, up 2 percent from the previous forecast and up 8 percent from the 2022-2023 final utilization. The Florida all orange forecast, at 18.0 million boxes (808,000 tons), is up 1 percent from the previous forecast and up 14 percent from last season's final utilization. In Florida, early, midseason, and Navel varieties are forecast at 6.76 million boxes (304,000 tons), unchanged from the previous forecast but up 10 percent from last season's final utilization. The Florida Valencia orange forecast, at 11.2 million boxes (504,000 tons), is up 1 percent from the previous forecast and up 16 percent from last season's final utilization. The California all orange forecast is 47.5 million boxes (1.90 million tons), up 3 percent from previous forecast and up 6 percent from last season's final utilization. The California Navel orange forecast is 39.0 million boxes (1.56 million tons), up 3 percent from the previous forecast and up 8 percent from last season's final utilization. The California Valencia orange forecast is 8.50 million boxes (340,000 tons), up 6 percent from the previous forecast but down 1 percent from last season's final utilization. The Texas all orange forecast, at 1.18 million boxes (50,000 tons), is up 7 percent from the previous forecast and up 4 percent from last season's final utilization. This report was approved on July 12, 2024. Secretary of Agriculture Designate Gloria M. Greene Agricultural Statistics Board Chairperson Lance Honig Contents Oat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted July 1, 2024...... 4 Barley Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted July 1, 2024... 4 Winter Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted July 1, 2024................................................................................................ 5 Durum Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted July 1, 2024................................................................................................ 6 Other Spring Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted July 1, 2024................................................................................................ 6 Wheat Production by Class - United States: 2023 and Forecasted July 1, 2024................................. 6 Utilized Production of Citrus Fruits by Crop - States and United States: 2022-2023 and Forecasted July 1, 2024................................................................................................ 7 Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Class and Type - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted July 1, 2024..................................................................................... 8 Apricots Production - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted July 1, 2024............................ 9 Almonds Production - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted July 1, 2024............................. 9 Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2023 and 2024..... 10 Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2023 and 2024....... 12 Fruits and Nuts Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2023 and 2024................................. 14 Fruits and Nuts Production in Metric Units - United States: 2023 and 2024................................... 15 Winter Wheat Objective Yield Percent of Samples Processed in the Lab - United States: 2020-2024............. 16 Winter Wheat Heads per Square Foot - Selected States: 2020-2024............................................. 17 Percent of Normal Precipitation Map......................................................................... 18 Departure from Normal Temperature Map....................................................................... 18 June Weather Summary........................................................................................ 19 June Agricultural Summary................................................................................... 19 Crop Comments............................................................................................... 22 Statistical Methodology..................................................................................... 24 Reliability of July 1 Crop Production Forecasts............................................................. 25 Information Contacts........................................................................................ 26 Oat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted July 1, 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres ---- bushels ---- 1,000 bushels : Arkansas 1/ ......: 5 (NA) 62.0 (NA) 310 (NA) California 1/ ....: 5 (NA) 75.0 (NA) 375 (NA) Georgia ..........: 15 20 61.0 52.0 915 1,040 Idaho ............: 12 10 91.0 80.0 1,092 800 Illinois .........: 17 14 90.0 93.0 1,530 1,302 Iowa .............: 95 120 80.0 82.0 7,600 9,840 Kansas ...........: 30 35 66.0 40.0 1,980 1,400 Maine ............: 21 22 62.0 71.0 1,302 1,562 Michigan .........: 25 30 66.0 66.0 1,650 1,980 Minnesota ........: 87 115 77.0 67.0 6,699 7,705 : Missouri 1/ ......: 9 (NA) 68.0 (NA) 612 (NA) Montana ..........: 22 25 37.0 43.0 814 1,075 Nebraska .........: 24 32 53.0 60.0 1,272 1,920 New York .........: 44 38 60.0 64.0 2,640 2,432 North Carolina ...: 14 12 77.0 78.0 1,078 936 North Dakota .....: 105 130 76.0 87.0 7,980 11,310 Ohio .............: 15 15 76.0 65.0 1,140 975 Oklahoma 1/ ......: 13 (NA) 60.0 (NA) 780 (NA) Oregon ...........: 12 12 79.0 100.0 948 1,200 Pennsylvania .....: 47 41 61.0 63.0 2,867 2,583 : South Dakota .....: 69 83 74.0 88.0 5,106 7,304 Texas ............: 70 50 54.0 40.0 3,780 2,000 Wisconsin ........: 75 68 61.0 66.0 4,575 4,488 : United States ....: 831 872 68.6 70.9 57,045 61,852 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. 1/ Estimates discontinued in 2024. Barley Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted July 1, 2024 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production :----------------------------------------------------------------- State : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres ---- bushels --- 1,000 bushels : Colorado .......: 51 42 131.0 140.0 6,681 5,880 Idaho ..........: 540 540 112.0 100.0 60,480 54,000 Minnesota ......: 54 25 74.0 55.0 3,996 1,375 Montana ........: 1,015 790 49.0 53.0 49,735 41,870 North Dakota ...: 570 300 71.0 74.0 40,470 22,200 Washington .....: 84 72 53.0 83.0 4,452 5,976 Wyoming ........: 58 60 104.0 98.0 6,032 5,880 : Other States 1/ : 183 188 72.1 65.9 13,190 12,395 : United States ..: 2,555 2,017 72.4 74.2 185,036 149,576 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Other States include: Alaska, Arizona, California, Delaware, Kansas, Maine, Maryland, Michigan, New York, North Carolina, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Utah, Virginia, and Wisconsin. Individual State level estimates will be published in the "Small Grains 2024 Summary." Winter Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted July 1, 2024 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production :------------------------------------------------------------------------ State : : : : 2024 : : : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 :-------------------: 2023 : 2024 : : : : June 1 : July 1 : : ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres ------- bushels ------- --- 1,000 bushels --- : Arkansas .......: 165 95 57.0 50.0 50.0 9,405 4,750 California .....: 80 75 80.0 82.0 82.0 6,400 6,150 Colorado .......: 1,820 1,830 41.0 41.0 39.0 74,620 71,370 Idaho ..........: 630 690 89.0 85.0 85.0 56,070 58,650 Illinois .......: 780 700 87.0 82.0 83.0 67,860 58,100 Indiana ........: 335 250 92.0 86.0 87.0 30,820 21,750 Kansas .........: 5,750 7,150 35.0 40.0 43.0 201,250 307,450 Kentucky .......: 460 410 88.0 83.0 77.0 40,480 31,570 Maryland .......: 195 175 85.0 82.0 71.0 16,575 12,425 Michigan .......: 560 375 83.0 87.0 89.0 46,480 33,375 : Missouri .......: 600 520 70.0 68.0 70.0 42,000 36,400 Montana ........: 1,680 1,900 51.0 51.0 48.0 85,680 91,200 Nebraska .......: 880 900 42.0 50.0 54.0 36,960 48,600 North Carolina .: 400 320 70.0 60.0 58.0 28,000 18,560 Ohio ...........: 590 460 90.0 83.0 89.0 53,100 40,940 Oklahoma .......: 2,450 2,700 28.0 38.0 39.0 68,600 105,300 Oregon .........: 725 715 56.0 70.0 71.0 40,600 50,765 Pennsylvania ...: 230 160 76.0 77.0 77.0 17,480 12,320 South Dakota ...: 700 780 47.0 54.0 57.0 32,900 44,460 Tennessee ......: 390 310 80.0 76.0 76.0 31,200 23,560 : Texas ..........: 2,100 2,450 37.0 34.0 32.0 77,700 78,400 Virginia .......: 135 85 78.0 70.0 66.0 10,530 5,610 Washington .....: 1,750 1,790 54.0 64.0 68.0 94,500 121,720 Wisconsin ......: 230 190 76.0 79.0 79.0 17,480 15,010 : Other States 1/ : 1,048 778 58.3 56.2 55.0 61,058 42,820 : United States ..: 24,683 25,808 50.6 51.4 52.0 1,247,748 1,341,255 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ For 2023, other States include Alabama, Delaware, Georgia, Mississippi, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Dakota, South Carolina, Utah, and Wyoming. For 2024, other States include Alabama, Delaware, Georgia, Mississippi, New Mexico, New York, North Dakota, South Carolina, Utah, and Wyoming. Individual State level estimates will be published in the "Small Grains 2024 Summary." Durum Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted July 1, 2024 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production :---------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : 2024 : : : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 :-----------------: 2023 : 2024 : : : : June 1 : July 1 : : --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres -------- bushels ------- 1,000 bushels : Arizona ........: 37 59 103.0 102.0 107.0 3,811 6,313 California .....: 17 23 114.0 103.0 105.0 1,938 2,415 Idaho 1/ .......: 10 (NA) 65.0 (NA) (NA) 650 (NA) Montana ........: 675 850 31.0 (X) 32.0 20,925 27,200 North Dakota ...: 865 1,160 37.0 (X) 46.0 32,005 53,360 : United States ..: 1,604 2,092 37.0 (X) 42.7 59,329 89,288 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Estimates discontinued in 2024. Other Spring Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted July 1, 2024 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -- 1,000 acres -- --- bushels --- 1,000 bushels : Idaho ..........: 395 440 82.0 87.0 32,390 38,280 Minnesota ......: 1,260 1,500 62.0 63.0 78,120 94,500 Montana ........: 2,670 2,330 30.0 35.0 80,100 81,550 North Dakota ...: 5,520 5,460 48.5 56.0 267,720 305,760 South Dakota ...: 650 670 43.0 50.0 27,950 33,500 Washington .....: 490 485 38.0 50.0 18,620 24,250 : United States ..: 10,985 10,885 46.0 53.1 504,900 577,840 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Wheat Production by Class - United States: 2023 and Forecasted July 1, 2024 [Wheat class estimates are based on the latest available data including both surveys and administrative data. The previous end-of-year season class percentages are used throughout the forecast season for States that do not have survey or administrative data available] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Crop : 2023 : 2024 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 bushels : Winter : Hard red ............: 601,017 763,310 Soft red ............: 449,017 343,502 Hard white ..........: 14,142 18,965 Soft white ..........: 183,572 215,478 : Spring : Hard red ............: 468,068 532,447 Hard white ..........: 8,745 10,336 Soft white ..........: 28,087 35,057 Durum ...............: 59,329 89,288 : Total ............ : 1,811,977 2,008,383 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Utilized Production of Citrus Fruits by Crop - States and United States: 2022-2023 and Forecasted July 1, 2024 [The crop year begins with the bloom of the first year shown and ends with the completion of harvest the following year] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Utilized production boxes 1/ :Utilized production ton equivalent Crop and State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022-2023 : 2023-2024 : 2022-2023 : 2023-2024 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ 1,000 boxes ----- ------ 1,000 tons ----- Oranges : California, all ............: 44,700 47,500 1,788 1,900 Early, mid, and Navel 2/ ..: 36,100 39,000 1,444 1,560 Valencia ..................: 8,600 8,500 344 340 : Florida, all ...............: 15,820 17,960 712 808 Early, mid, and Navel 2/ ..: 6,150 6,760 277 304 Valencia ..................: 9,670 11,200 435 504 : Texas, all .................: 1,130 1,180 48 50 Early, mid, and Navel 2/ ..: 570 690 24 29 Valencia ..................: 560 490 24 21 : United States, all .........: 61,650 66,640 2,548 2,758 Early, mid, and Navel 2/ ..: 42,820 46,450 1,745 1,893 Valencia ..................: 18,830 20,190 803 865 : Grapefruit : California .................: 4,300 4,200 172 168 Florida ....................: 1,810 1,790 77 76 Texas ......................: 2,250 2,400 90 96 : United States ..............: 8,360 8,390 339 340 : Tangerines and mandarins 3/ : California .................: 23,550 24,000 942 960 Florida ....................: 480 450 23 21 : United States ..............: 24,030 24,450 965 981 : Lemons : Arizona ....................: 1,400 950 56 38 California .................: 26,000 26,000 1,040 1,040 : United States ..............: 27,400 26,950 1,096 1,078 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Net pounds per box: oranges in California-80, Florida-90, Texas-85; grapefruit in California-80, Florida-85, Texas-80; tangerines and mandarins in California-80, Florida-95; lemons-80. 2/ Navel and miscellaneous varieties in California. Early (including Navel) and midseason varieties in Florida and Texas. 3/ Includes tangelos and tangors. Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Class and Type - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted July 1, 2024 [Blank data cells indicate estimation period had not yet begun] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production Class, type and State :----------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ acres ----- ---- pounds ---- -- 1,000 pounds -- : Class 1, Flue-cured (11-14) : Georgia 1/ .............................: 6,300 (NA) 2,150 (NA) 13,545 (NA) North Carolina .........................: 113,000 114,000 2,300 2,000 259,900 228,000 South Carolina 1/ ......................: 5,900 (NA) 1,950 (NA) 11,505 (NA) Virginia ...............................: 12,800 12,000 2,350 2,200 30,080 26,400 : United States ..........................: 138,000 126,000 2,283 2,019 315,030 254,400 : Class 2, Fire-cured (21-23) : Kentucky ...............................: 6,300 5,600 3,150 19,845 Tennessee ..............................: 5,100 3,200 3,050 15,555 Virginia 1/ ............................: 100 (NA) 1,950 (NA) 195 (NA) : United States ..........................: 11,500 8,800 3,095 35,595 : Class 3A, Light air-cured : Type 31, Burley : Kentucky .............................: 27,000 23,000 2,100 56,700 North Carolina 1/ ....................: 120 (NA) 1,650 (NA) 198 (NA) Pennsylvania 1/ ......................: 1,100 (NA) 2,500 (NA) 2,750 (NA) Tennessee ............................: 3,000 2,000 1,550 4,650 Virginia 1/ ..........................: 170 (NA) 2,050 (NA) 349 (NA) : United States ........................: 31,390 25,000 2,059 64,647 : Type 32, Southern Maryland Belt 1/ : Pennsylvania .........................: 40 (NA) 2,000 (NA) 80 (NA) : United States ........................: 40 (NA) 2,000 (NA) 80 (NA) : Total light air-cured (31-32) ....... : 31,430 25,000 2,059 64,727 : Class 3B, Dark air-cured (35-37) : Kentucky ...............................: 3,500 3,200 2,600 9,100 Tennessee ..............................: 1,200 900 2,500 3,000 : United States ..........................: 4,700 4,100 2,574 12,100 : Class 4, Cigar filler 1/ : Type 41, Pennsylvania Seedleaf : Pennsylvania .........................: 2,000 (NA) 2,500 (NA) 5,000 (NA) : United States ........................: 2,000 (NA) 2,500 (NA) 5,000 (NA) : All tobacco : United States ..........................: 187,630 163,900 2,305 432,452 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Estimates discontinued in 2024. Apricots Production - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted July 1, 2024 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Total production State :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : tons : California ............: 32,300 34,000 Washington ............: 3,520 2,000 : United States .........: 35,820 36,000 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Almonds Production - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted July 1, 2024 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Total production (shelled basis) State :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 pounds : California ............: 2,470,000 2,800,000 : United States .........: 2,470,000 2,800,000 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2023 and 2024 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2024 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area planted : Area harvested Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres : Grains and hay : Barley .................................: 3,101 2,557 2,555 2,017 Corn for grain 1/ ......................: 94,641 91,475 86,513 83,438 Corn for silage ........................: (NA) 6,471 Hay, all ...............................: (NA) (NA) 52,821 51,531 Alfalfa ..............................: (NA) (NA) 15,634 15,627 All other ............................: (NA) (NA) 37,187 35,904 Oats ...................................: 2,555 2,299 831 872 Proso millet ...........................: 619 450 572 Rice ...................................: 2,894 2,943 2,854 2,900 Rye ....................................: 2,293 2,204 322 378 Sorghum for grain 1/ ...................: 7,195 6,405 6,115 5,390 Sorghum for silage .....................: (NA) 384 Wheat, all .............................: 49,575 47,240 37,272 38,785 Winter ...............................: 36,699 33,805 24,683 25,808 Durum ................................: 1,676 2,165 1,604 2,092 Other spring .........................: 11,200 11,270 10,985 10,885 : Oilseeds : Canola .................................: 2,344.5 2,662.5 2,319.2 2,616.0 Cottonseed .............................: (X) (X) Flaxseed ...............................: 178 140 160 125 Mustard seed ...........................: 245.0 218.0 238.1 203.5 Peanuts ................................: 1,645.0 1,757.0 1,574.0 1,702.0 Rapeseed ...............................: 13.2 20.2 10.1 18.3 Safflower ..............................: 129.5 127.0 126.0 117.0 Soybeans for beans .....................: 83,600 86,100 82,356 85,261 Sunflower ..............................: 1,315.0 898.5 1,267.5 862.6 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops : Cotton, all ............................: 10,230.0 11,670.0 6,439.6 Upland ...............................: 10,083.0 11,488.0 6,301.8 American Pima ........................: 147.0 182.0 137.8 Sugarbeets .............................: 1,137.4 1,110.0 1,127.3 1,088.6 Sugarcane ..............................: (NA) (NA) 929.6 909.0 Tobacco ................................: (NA) (NA) 187.6 163.9 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas ..............................: 372.4 502.0 359.2 485.9 Dry edible beans .......................: 1,180.0 1,359.0 1,156.9 1,318.0 Dry edible peas ........................: 966.0 1,033.0 941.0 988.0 Lentils ................................: 546.0 836.0 523.0 790.0 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops ...................................: (NA) (NA) 54.3 44.5 Maple syrup ............................: (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Mushrooms ..............................: (NA) (NA) Peppermint oil .........................: (NA) 31.3 Potatoes ...............................: 965.0 941.0 960.2 934.2 Spearmint oil ..........................: (NA) 12.2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2023 and 2024 (continued) [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2024 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Yield per acre : Production Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : --------- 1,000 -------- : Grains and hay : Barley ..........................bushels: 72.4 74.2 185,036 149,576 Corn for grain ..................bushels: 177.3 15,341,595 Corn for silage ....................tons: 20.1 129,994 Hay, all ...........................tons: 2.25 118,769 Alfalfa ..........................tons: 3.19 49,916 All other ........................tons: 1.85 68,853 Oats ............................bushels: 68.6 70.9 57,045 61,852 Proso millet ....................bushels: 34.2 19,572 Rice 2/ .............................cwt: 7,649 218,291 Rye .............................bushels: 32.2 10,375 Sorghum for grain ...............bushels: 52.0 317,745 Sorghum for silage .................tons: 13.0 4,981 Wheat, all ......................bushels: 48.6 51.8 1,811,977 2,008,383 Winter ........................bushels: 50.6 52.0 1,247,748 1,341,255 Durum .........................bushels: 37.0 42.7 59,329 89,288 Other spring ..................bushels: 46.0 53.1 504,900 577,840 : Oilseeds : Canola ...........................pounds: 1,793 4,157,420 Cottonseed .........................tons: (X) 3,644.0 Flaxseed ........................bushels: 18.5 2,961 Mustard seed .....................pounds: 627 149,305 Peanuts ..........................pounds: 3,742 5,890,020 Rapeseed .........................pounds: 2,003 20,230 Safflower ........................pounds: 1,036 130,570 Soybeans for beans ..............bushels: 50.6 4,164,677 Sunflower ........................pounds: 1,786 2,263,520 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops : Cotton, all 2/ ....................bales: 899 12,066.0 Upland 2/ .......................bales: 895 11,750.0 American Pima 2/ ................bales: 1,101 316.0 Sugarbeets .........................tons: 31.2 35,226 Sugarcane ..........................tons: 36.3 33,766 Tobacco ..........................pounds: 2,305 432,452 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas 2/ ........................cwt: 1,315 4,722 Dry edible beans 2/ .................cwt: 2,067 23,910 Dry edible peas 2/ ..................cwt: 1,922 18,086 Lentils 2/ ..........................cwt: 1,098 5,742 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops .............................pounds: 1,915 104,042.5 Maple syrup .....................gallons: (NA) (NA) 4,843 5,860 Mushrooms ........................pounds: (NA) 666,647 Peppermint oil ...................pounds: 90 2,811 Potatoes ............................cwt: 459 440,750 Spearmint oil ....................pounds: 126 1,541 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Area planted for all purposes. 2/ Yield in pounds. Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2023 and 2024 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2024 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : hectares : Grains and hay : Barley .........................: 1,254,940 1,034,790 1,033,980 816,260 Corn for grain 1/ ..............: 38,300,270 37,019,020 35,010,950 33,766,520 Corn for silage ................: (NA) 2,618,750 Hay, all 2/ ....................: (NA) (NA) 21,376,130 20,854,080 Alfalfa ......................: (NA) (NA) 6,326,920 6,324,090 All other ....................: (NA) (NA) 15,049,210 14,529,990 Oats ...........................: 1,033,980 930,380 336,300 352,890 Proso millet ...................: 250,500 182,110 231,480 Rice ...........................: 1,171,170 1,191,000 1,154,990 1,173,600 Rye ............................: 927,950 891,940 130,310 152,970 Sorghum for grain 1/ ...........: 2,911,740 2,592,040 2,474,680 2,181,280 Sorghum for silage .............: (NA) 155,400 Wheat, all 2/ ..................: 20,062,510 19,117,560 15,083,610 15,695,900 Winter .......................: 14,851,720 13,680,550 9,988,960 10,444,240 Durum ........................: 678,260 876,150 649,120 846,610 Other spring .................: 4,532,530 4,560,860 4,445,520 4,405,050 : Oilseeds : Canola .........................: 948,800 1,077,490 938,560 1,058,670 Cottonseed .....................: (X) (X) Flaxseed .......................: 72,030 56,660 64,750 50,590 Mustard seed ...................: 99,150 88,220 96,360 82,350 Peanuts ........................: 665,720 711,040 636,980 688,780 Rapeseed .......................: 5,340 8,170 4,090 7,410 Safflower ......................: 52,410 51,400 50,990 47,350 Soybeans for beans .............: 33,832,080 34,843,810 33,328,650 34,504,270 Sunflower ......................: 532,170 363,610 512,940 349,090 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops: Cotton, all 2/ .................: 4,139,980 4,722,730 2,606,040 Upland .......................: 4,080,490 4,649,080 2,550,280 American Pima ................: 59,490 73,650 55,770 Sugarbeets .....................: 460,290 449,210 456,210 440,550 Sugarcane ......................: (NA) (NA) 376,200 367,860 Tobacco ........................: (NA) (NA) 75,930 66,330 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas ......................: 150,710 203,150 145,360 196,640 Dry edible beans ...............: 477,530 549,970 468,190 533,380 Dry edible peas ................: 390,930 418,040 380,810 399,830 Lentils ........................: 220,960 338,320 211,650 319,710 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops ...........................: (NA) (NA) 21,980 18,030 Maple syrup ....................: (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Mushrooms ......................: (NA) (NA) Peppermint oil .................: (NA) 12,670 Potatoes .......................: 390,530 380,810 388,580 378,060 Spearmint oil ..................: (NA) 4,940 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2023 and 2024 (continued) [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2024 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Yield per hectare : Production Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : metric tons : Grains and hay : Barley .................................: 3.90 3.99 4,028,680 3,256,630 Corn for grain .........................: 11.13 389,694,460 Corn for silage ........................: 45.03 117,928,570 Hay, all 2/ ............................: 5.04 107,745,420 Alfalfa ..............................: 7.16 45,283,030 All other ............................: 4.15 62,462,390 Oats ...................................: 2.46 2.54 828,010 897,780 Proso millet ...........................: 1.92 443,890 Rice ...................................: 8.57 9,901,510 Rye ....................................: 2.02 263,540 Sorghum for grain ......................: 3.26 8,071,090 Sorghum for silage .....................: 29.08 4,518,690 Wheat, all 2/ ..........................: 3.27 3.48 49,313,930 54,659,230 Winter ...............................: 3.40 3.50 33,958,140 36,502,980 Durum ................................: 2.49 2.87 1,614,670 2,430,020 Other spring .........................: 3.09 3.57 13,741,130 15,726,230 : Oilseeds : Canola .................................: 2.01 1,885,770 Cottonseed .............................: (X) 3,305,780 Flaxseed ...............................: 1.16 75,210 Mustard seed ...........................: 0.70 67,720 Peanuts ................................: 4.19 2,671,670 Rapeseed ...............................: 2.25 9,180 Safflower ..............................: 1.16 59,230 Soybeans for beans .....................: 3.40 113,343,930 Sunflower ..............................: 2.00 1,026,720 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops : Cotton, all 2/ .........................: 1.01 2,627,060 Upland ...............................: 1.00 2,558,260 American Pima ........................: 1.23 68,800 Sugarbeets .............................: 70.05 31,956,490 Sugarcane ..............................: 81.42 30,632,000 Tobacco ................................: 2.58 196,160 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas ..............................: 1.47 214,190 Dry edible beans .......................: 2.32 1,084,540 Dry edible peas ........................: 2.15 820,370 Lentils ................................: 1.23 260,450 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops ...................................: 2.15 47,190 Maple syrup ............................: (NA) (NA) 24,220 29,300 Mushrooms ..............................: (NA) 302,390 Peppermint oil .........................: 0.10 1,280 Potatoes ...............................: 51.45 19,992,090 Spearmint oil ..........................: 0.14 700 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Area planted for all purposes. 2/ Total may not add due to rounding. Fruits and Nuts Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2023 and 2024 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2024 crop year, except citrus which is for the 2023-2024 season. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Production Crop :----------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Citrus 1/ : Grapefruit ......................1,000 tons: 339 340 Lemons ..........................1,000 tons: 1,096 1,078 Oranges .........................1,000 tons: 2,548 2,758 Tangerines and mandarins ........1,000 tons: 965 981 : Noncitrus : Apples, commercial ..........million pounds: 11,357.5 Apricots ..............................tons: 35,820 36,000 Avocados ..............................tons: 128,850 Blueberries, Cultivated .......1,000 pounds: 648,000 Blueberries, Wild (Maine) .....1,000 pounds: 87,600 Cherries, Sweet .......................tons: 354,300 355,000 Cherries, Tart ..............million pounds: 200.2 222.0 Coffee (Hawaii) ...............1,000 pounds: 23,310 Cranberries .........................barrel: 8,110,000 : Dates .................................tons: 49,050 Grapes ................................tons: 5,909,500 Kiwifruit (California) ................tons: 27,400 Nectarines (California) ...............tons: 145,500 Olives (California) ...................tons: 121,500 Papayas (Hawaii) ..............1,000 pounds: 10,250 Peaches ...............................tons: 588,540 Pears .................................tons: 665,500 Plums (California) ....................tons: 89,600 Prunes (California) ...................tons: 287,400 Raspberries ...................1,000 pounds: 138,100 Strawberries .....................1,000 cwt: 27,560.0 : Nuts and miscellaneous : Almonds, shelled (California) .1,000 pounds: 2,470,000 2,800,000 Hazelnuts, in-shell (Oregon) ..........tons: 94,200 Macadamias (Hawaii) ...........1,000 pounds: 36,800 Pecans, in-shell ..............1,000 pounds: 306,750 Pistachios (California) .......1,000 pounds: 1,490,000 Walnuts, in-shell (California) ........tons: 824,000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Production years are 2022-2023 and 2023-2024. Fruits and Nuts Production in Metric Units - United States: 2023 and 2024 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2024 crop year, except citrus which is for the 2023-2024 season. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Production Crop :----------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : metric tons : Citrus 1/ : Grapefruit ................................: 307,540 308,440 Lemons ....................................: 994,270 977,950 Oranges ...................................: 2,311,510 2,502,020 Tangerines and mandarins ..................: 875,430 889,950 : Noncitrus : Apples, commercial ........................: 5,151,680 Apricots ..................................: 32,500 32,660 Avocados ..................................: 116,890 Blueberries, Cultivated ...................: 293,930 Blueberries, Wild (Maine) .................: 39,730 Cherries, Sweet ...........................: 321,420 322,050 Cherries, Tart ............................: 90,810 100,700 Coffee (Hawaii) ...........................: 10,570 Cranberries ...............................: 367,860 : Dates .....................................: 44,500 Grapes ....................................: 5,361,010 Kiwifruit (California) ....................: 24,860 Nectarines (California) ...................: 132,000 Olives (California) .......................: 110,220 Papayas (Hawaii) ..........................: 4,650 Peaches ...................................: 533,910 Pears .....................................: 603,730 Plums (California) ........................: 81,280 Prunes (California) .......................: 260,720 Raspberries ...............................: 62,640 Strawberries ..............................: 1,250,100 : Nuts and miscellaneous : Almonds, shelled (California) .............: 1,120,370 1,270,060 Hazelnuts, in-shell (Oregon) ..............: 85,460 Macadamias (Hawaii) .......................: 16,690 Pecans, in-shell ..........................: 139,140 Pistachios (California) ...................: 675,850 Walnuts, in-shell (California) ............: 747,520 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Production years are 2022-2023 and 2023-2024. Winter Wheat for Grain Objective Yield Data The National Agricultural Statistics Service is conducting objective yield surveys in 10 winter wheat-producing States during 2024. Randomly selected plots in winter wheat for grain fields are visited monthly from May through harvest to obtain specific counts and measurements. Data in these tables are based on counts from this survey. Winter Wheat Objective Yield Percent of Samples Processed in the Lab - United States: 2020-2024 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : June : July : August Year :----------------------------------------------------------- : Mature 1/ : Mature 1/ : Mature 1/ --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : 2020 ..........: 14 64 92 2021 ..........: 7 64 97 2022 ..........: 14 64 91 2023 ..........: 9 52 94 2024 ..........: 21 70 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Includes winter wheat in the hard dough stage or beyond and are considered mature or almost mature. Winter Wheat Heads per Square Foot - Selected States: 2020-2024 [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : 2020 : 2021 : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 1/ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : number : Colorado : July ................: 43.0 49.9 40.8 41.5 39.8 August ..............: 42.7 46.8 39.7 48.4 Final ...............: 42.7 46.8 39.7 48.4 : Illinois : July ................: 52.5 63.3 63.1 58.3 63.1 August ..............: 52.4 63.4 62.9 58.3 Final ...............: 52.4 63.4 62.9 58.3 : Kansas : July ................: 45.3 51.4 40.7 37.3 42.1 August ..............: 45.4 51.4 40.7 38.5 Final ...............: 45.4 51.4 40.7 38.5 : Missouri : July ................: 52.5 55.4 55.5 48.1 57.0 August ..............: 52.5 55.4 55.5 48.1 Final ...............: 52.5 55.4 55.5 48.1 : Montana : July ................: 37.4 40.2 36.0 44.3 47.2 August ..............: 38.8 38.9 38.2 44.8 Final ...............: 38.6 38.9 38.3 44.8 : Nebraska : July ................: 45.8 47.7 45.1 45.7 61.3 August ..............: 45.7 47.0 45.4 43.2 Final ...............: 45.7 47.0 45.4 43.2 : Ohio : July ................: 64.1 66.7 55.1 57.9 61.5 August ..............: 63.9 66.5 55.0 57.7 Final ...............: 63.9 66.5 55.0 57.7 : Oklahoma : July ................: 38.2 38.2 35.2 40.2 36.3 August ..............: 38.3 38.2 35.3 40.2 Final ...............: 38.3 38.2 35.3 40.2 : Texas : July ................: 32.7 32.1 29.0 31.2 30.8 August ..............: 32.7 31.3 28.8 31.3 Final ...............: 32.7 31.3 28.9 31.7 : Washington : July ................: 37.7 33.3 40.3 31.7 39.0 August ..............: 38.3 33.4 41.0 31.9 Final ...............: 38.2 33.4 41.1 31.9 : 10 State : July ................: 42.1 45.5 40.6 39.7 42.3 August ..............: 42.3 45.0 40.8 40.7 Final ...............: 42.3 45.0 40.8 40.8 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Final head counts will be published in the "Small Grains 2024 Summary." June Weather Summary A sprawling but shifting ridge of high pressure developed across the continental United States during June, driving temperatures to broadly above- normal levels and cutting off moisture from reaching several key crop production areas. Notably, June temperatures averaged at least 5°F above normal in numerous communities from California to the central and southern High Plains. Above-normal temperatures also dominated the East and Deep South, fueled by a late-month heat wave that sent temperatures soaring to 100°F or higher as far north as the middle Mississippi Valley and the middle Atlantic States. It was the hottest June on record in diverse locations such as Del Rio, Texas (average temperature of 90.9°F, or 3.2°F above normal); Baton Rouge, Louisiana (84.6°F, or 3.6°F above normal); and Hartford, Connecticut (74.1°F, or 5.2°F above normal). In contrast, near- or below-normal June temperatures were observed across portions of the Nation's Northern Tier, mainly from northern Washington into the upper Great Lakes region. Starting on June 20, torrential rain accompanied the upper Midwestern cool spell, with record flooding developing in the Big Sioux and Little Sioux River basins, as well as neighboring watersheds in parts of eastern South Dakota, southern Minnesota, and northwestern Iowa. Around the same time, Tropical Storm Alberto made landfall along Mexico's Gulf Coast near Tampico, about 250 miles south of Brownsville, Texas. Despite the landfall position, tropical showers overspread southern Texas, with remnant moisture later being entrained by the fledgling Southwestern monsoon circulation and helping to enhance rainfall across the upper Midwest. Earlier, southern Florida had been one of the first areas to experience semi-organized tropical moisture, with drought-breaking rainfall totaling 10 to 20 inches or more in numerous locations from June 7-15. Outside the wetter areas, June rainfall was lacking. Among the driest areas were the Southeast and lower Midwest, with USDA/NASS reporting topsoil moisture more than 70 percent very short to short by June 30 in six Atlantic Coast States from Georgia to Delaware. Dryness extended across the Appalachians, where West Virginia's soil moisture was rated 85 percent very short to short. On the same date, topsoil moisture was rated at least 40 percent very short to short in Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio, along with Alabama, Arkansas, and Mississippi. Spotty dryness extended to portions of the Plains and Rockies, where topsoil moisture was rated more than 40 percent very short to short in Colorado, New Mexico, Texas, and Wyoming. Conversely, topsoil moisture was rated more than one-half surplus on June 30 in rain-soaked Minnesota (53 percent) and Wisconsin (52 percent). According to statistics from the U.S. Drought Monitor, drought coverage dipped to 11.77 percent of the Lower 48 States on June 11, 2024. Not since March 3, 2020, when drought was affecting 11.52 percent of the country, had national coverage been lower. By July 2, 2024, however, drought coverage had grown to 18.67 percent, an increase of nearly 7 percentage points in just 3 weeks. Still, as July began, the Nation's only remaining extreme to exceptional drought (D3 to D4) covered nearly 13 percent of New Mexico and just over 5 percent of Texas. Corresponding to some of the adversity related to heat, dryness, and wetness, USDA/NASS crop conditions generally declined during June. Notably, the portion of the national peanut crop rated in good to excellent condition declined from 63 to 53 percent between June 2 and 30, largely due to rapidly developing Southeastern drought. During the same 4-week period, good to excellent ratings fell from 61 to 50 percent for cotton and from 75 to 67 percent for corn. However, some crops-including rice and spring wheat- experienced more favorable growing conditions during June and exhibited little overall change in condition. Although June heat and dryness stressed some Southern crops, including reproductive corn, most Midwestern crops still had time for more favorable weather to return. Nationally, 20 percent of the soybeans were blooming by the end of June, while only 11 percent of the corn was silking. Elsewhere, maturing winter wheat was quickly cut, with 54 percent of the crop harvested by June 30, versus the 5-year average of 39 percent. June Agricultural Summary June was warmer than average for most of the Nation. Parts of the Great Basin, Rockies, and Southwest recorded temperature 6°F or more above normal. In contrast, parts of the Northern Plains, Northern Rockies, and Washington were cooler than normal. While much of the Mid-Atlantic, South, and Far West remained drier than normal for the month of June, large parts of the Southern Rockies and Southwest, as well as parts of the Gulf Coast, Great Lakes, Missouri, and Great Plains received at least twice the normal amount of precipitation. Parts of southern Florida, coastal, Louisiana, and the Upper Midwest recorded 12 inches of rain or more for the month. By June 2, producers had planted 91 percent of the Nation's corn crop, 4 percentage points behind last year but 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Seventy-four percent of the Nation's corn acreage had emerged by June 2, seven percentage points behind the previous year but 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. Ninety-three percent of the Nation's corn acreage had emerged by June 16, two percentage points behind the previous year but 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. By June 30, eleven percent of the Nation's corn acreage had reached the silking stage, 4 percentage points ahead of last year and 5 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. On June 30, sixty-seven percent of the Nation's corn acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, 16 percentage points above the same time last year. Seventy-eight percent of the Nation's soybean acreage was planted by June 2, eleven percentage points behind last year but 5 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Fifty-five percent of the Nation's soybean acreage had emerged by June 2, fourteen percentage points behind last year but 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Ninety-three percent of the Nation's soybean acreage was planted by June 16, four percentage points behind last year but 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Eighty-two percent of the Nation's soybean acreage had emerged by June 16, eight percentage points behind last year but 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Ninety-five percent of the Nation's soybean acreage had emerged by June 30, two percentage points behind last year but 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By June 30, twenty percent of the Nation's soybean acreage had reached the blooming stage, equal to last year but 5 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Nationally, 3 percent of the Nation's soybean acreage had begun setting pods, equal to last year but 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. On June 30, sixty-seven percent of the Nation's soybean acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, 17 percentage points above the same time last year. By June 2, eighty-three percent of the Nation's winter wheat crop was headed, 4 percentage points ahead of last year and 5 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Six percent of the 2024 winter wheat acreage had been harvested by June 2, three percentage points ahead of both last year and the 5-year average. By June 16, ninety-four percent of the Nation's winter wheat crop was headed, 1 percentage point ahead of last year and 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Twenty-seven percent of the 2024 winter wheat acreage had been harvested by June 16, fourteen percentage points ahead of last year and 13 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Fifty-four percent of the 2024 winter wheat acreage had been harvested by June 30, twenty-one percentage points ahead of last year and 15 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. On June 30, fifty-one percent of the 2024 winter wheat crop was reported in good to excellent condition, 11 percentage points above the same time last year. Nationwide, 70 percent of the cotton crop was planted by June 2, two percentage points ahead of the previous year but equal to the 5-year average. Nine percent of the Nation's cotton acreage had reached the squaring stage by June 2, four percentage points ahead of last year and 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. Nationwide, 90 percent of the cotton crop was planted by June 16, three percentage points ahead of the previous year but 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Twenty-two percent of the Nation's cotton acreage had reached the squaring stage by June 16, five percentage points ahead of last year and 4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By June 16, six percent of the Nation's cotton acreage had begun setting bolls, 4 percentage points ahead of last year and 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Nationwide, 97 percent of the cotton crop was planted by June 30, one percentage point behind the previous year and 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Forty-three percent of the Nation's cotton acreage had reached the squaring stage by June 30, five percentage points ahead of both last year and the 5-year average. By June 30, eleven percent of the Nation's cotton acreage had begun setting bolls, 2 percentage points ahead of both last year and the 5-year average. On June 30, fifty percent of the 2024 cotton acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, 2 percentage points above the same time last year. Fifty-one percent of the Nation's sorghum acreage was planted by June 2, four percentage points ahead of last year and 5 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Eighty percent of the Nation's sorghum acreage was planted by June 16, ten percentage points ahead of last year and 5 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By June 16, fifteen percent of the Nation's sorghum acreage had reached the headed stage, 1 percentage point ahead of last year but equal to the 5-year average. Ninety-six percent of the Nation's sorghum acreage was planted by June 30, six percentage points ahead of last year and 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By June 30, nineteen percent of the Nation's sorghum acreage had reached the headed stage, 1 percentage point behind both last year and the 5-year average. Twelve percent of the Nation's sorghum acreage was at or beyond the coloring stage by June 30, one percentage point ahead of both last year and the 5-year average. Fifty-eight percent of the Nation's sorghum acreage was rated in good to excellent condition on June 30, three percentage points above the same time last year. By June 2, eighty-eight percent of the Nation's rice acreage had emerged, 1 percentage point ahead of last year and 4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By June 16, ninety-seven percent of the Nation's rice acreage had emerged, 1 percentage point behind last year but 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. By June 16, six percent of the Nation's rice acreage had reached the headed stage, 1 percentage point ahead of the previous year and 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By June 30, eighteen percent of the Nation's rice acreage had reached the headed stage, equal to the previous year but 5 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. On June 30, eighty-two percent of the Nation's rice acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, 12 percentage points above the same time last year. Nationally, oat producers had seeded 97 percent of this year's acreage by June 2, one percentage point ahead of last year and 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Eighty-seven percent of the Nation's oat acreage had emerged by June 2, four percentage points ahead of both the previous year and the 5-year average. Thirty-three percent of the Nation's oat acreage had headed by June 2, three percentage points ahead of last year and 5 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Ninety-six percent of the Nation's oat acreage had emerged by June 16, one percentage point behind the previous year but equal to the 5-year average. Fifty percent of the Nation's oat acreage had headed by June 16, four percentage points behind last year but 5 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Seventy-four percent of the Nation's oat acreage had headed by June 30, two percentage points behind last year but 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. On June 30, sixty-seven percent of the Nation's oat acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, 22 percentage points above the same time last year. Ninety-four percent of the Nation's barley crop was planted by June 2, four percentage points ahead of last year and 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average Seventy-four percent of the Nation's barley crop had emerged by June 2, seven percentage points ahead of the previous year but equal to the 5-year average. Eighty-eight percent of the Nation's barley crop had emerged by June 16, five percentage points behind the previous year and 6 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Four percent of the Nation's barley acreage had reached the headed stage by June 16, two percentage points behind last year and 4 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Thirty-eight percent of the Nation's barley acreage had reached the headed stage by June 30, six percentage points ahead of last year but equal to the 5-year average. On June 30, sixty-four percent of the Nation's barley acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, 13 percentage points above the same time last year. By June 2, ninety-four percent of the spring wheat crop was seeded, 3 percentage points ahead of last year and 4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By June 2, seventy-eight percent of the Nation's spring wheat crop had emerged, 7 percentage points ahead of the previous year and 9 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By June 16, ninety-five percent of the Nation's spring wheat crop had emerged, 1 percentage point behind the previous year but 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By June 16, four percent of the Nation's spring wheat crop had reached the headed stage, 4 percentage points behind the previous year and 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By June 30, thirty-eight percent of the Nation's spring wheat crop had reached the headed stage, 7 percentage points behind the previous year but 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. On June 30, seventy-two percent of the Nation's spring wheat was rated in good to excellent condition, 24 percentage points above the same time last year. Nationally, peanut producers had planted 82 percent of the 2024 peanut acreage by June 2, one percentage point ahead of the previous year but 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Nationally, peanut producers had planted 96 percent of the 2024 peanut acreage by June 16, one percentage point ahead of both the previous year and the 5-year average. By June 16, fifteen percent of the Nation's peanut crop had reached the pegging stage, five percentage points ahead of the previous year and 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By June 30, forty-four percent of the Nation's peanut crop had reached the pegging stage, eight percentage points ahead of the previous year and 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. On June 30, fifty-three percent of the Nation's peanut acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, 11 percentage points below the same time last year. Thirty-eight percent of the Nation's intended 2024 sunflower acreage was planted by June 2, one percentage point ahead of last year and 4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Eighty-three percent of the Nation's intended 2024 sunflower acreage was planted by June 16, equal to last year but 6 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Ninety-seven percent of the Nation's intended 2024 sunflower acreage was planted by June 30, one percentage point behind last year but 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. Crop Comments Oats: Production is forecast at 61.9 million bushels, up 13 percent from 2023 in comparable States. Growers expect to harvest 872,000 acres for grain, unchanged from the previous forecast but up 9 percent from 2023 in comparable States. Based on conditions as of July 1, the United States yield is forecast at a record high 70.9 bushels per acre, 2.1 bushels above the 2023 average in comparable States. If realized, the forecasted yield will be a record high in Illinois and North Dakota. As of June 30, seventy-four percent of the Nation's oat acreage was headed, 2 percentage points behind last year but 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. As of June 30, sixty-seven percent of the Nation's oat acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, compared with 45 percent at the same time last year. Beginning in 2024, estimates for oats were discontinued in Arkansas, California, Missouri, and Oklahoma. Barley: Production is forecast at 150 million bushels, down 19 percent from 2023. Based on conditions as of July 1, the average yield for the United States is forecast at 74.2 bushels per acre, up 1.8 bushels from last year. Area harvested for grain is forecast at 2.02 million acres, is unchanged from the Acreage report released on June 28, 2024, but down 21 percent from last year. Fifty-six percent of the Nation's barley acreage had reached the headed stage by July 7, equal to last year but 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. On July 7, seventy percent of the Nation's barley acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, 18 percentage points above the same time last year. Winter wheat: Production is forecast at 1.34 billion bushels, up 4 percent from the previous forecast and up 8 percent from 2023 in comparable States. Based on July 1 conditions, the United States yield is forecast at 52.0 bushels per acre, up 0.6 bushel from last month and up 1.5 bushels from last year's average yield in comparable States. Area expected to be harvested for grain or seed totals 25.8 million acres, unchanged from the Acreage report released on June 28, 2024, but up 5 percent from last year in comparable States. Record high yields are forecast in Michigan, Missouri, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin for 2024. Forecasted head counts from the objective yield survey in the six Hard Red Winter States (Colorado, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, Oklahoma, and Texas) are above last year's levels in Kansas, Montana, and Nebraska, but below last year's level in Colorado, Oklahoma, and Texas. As of June 30, harvest progress was ahead of normal in Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, Oklahoma, and Texas. Harvest had not yet begun in Montana as of June 30. Forecasted head counts from the objective yield survey in the three Soft Red Winter States (Illinois, Missouri, and Ohio) are above last year's levels in all three States. As of June 30, harvest progress was ahead of the 5-year average pace in Illinois, Missouri, and Ohio. Forecasted head counts from the objective yield survey in Washington are above last year. Forty-eight percent of the Washington acreage was rated in good to excellent condition as of June 30. Beginning in 2024, estimates for winter wheat were discontinued in New Jersey. Durum wheat: Production is forecast at 89.3 million bushels, up 52 percent from 2023 in comparable States. The United States yield is forecast at 42.7 bushels per acre, up 5.9 bushels from last year's average yield in comparable States. Area expected to be harvested for grain or seed totals 2.09 million acres, unchanged from the Acreage report released on June 28, 2024, but up 31 percent from 2023 in comparable States. A record high yield is forecast in North Dakota for 2024. Montana and North Dakota are the two largest Durum-producing States. As of June 30, fifty-six percent of the acreage in Montana and 79 percent of the acreage in North Dakota were rated in good to excellent condition. As of June 30, Montana Durum wheat progress was only 8 percent headed. In North Dakota, Durum wheat headed progress was rated at 35 percent as of June 30, seven percentage points ahead of last year and 14 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Beginning in 2024, estimates for Durum wheat were discontinued in Idaho. Other spring wheat: Production is forecast at 578 million bushels, up 14 percent from 2023. The United States yield is forecast at 53.1 bushels per acre, up 7.1 bushel from last year's average yield of 46.0 bushels per acre. If realized, this US yield would be a record high. The area expected to be harvested for grain or seed is expected to total 10.9 million acres, unchanged from the Acreage report released on June 28, 2024, but 1 percent below 2023. A record high yield is forecast in North Dakota for 2024. In the six major producing States, 38 percent of the acreage was headed as of June 30, one percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. As of June 30, seventy-two percent of the other spring wheat acreage was rated in good to excellent condition compared to 48 percent at the same time in 2023. Grapefruit: The United States 2023-2024 grapefruit crop is forecast at 340,000 tons, down 1 percent from the previous forecast but up less than 1 percent from last season's final utilization. The California forecast, at 4.20 million boxes (168,000 tons), is up 2 percent from the previous forecast but down 2 percent from the last season. Tangerines and mandarins: The United States tangerine and mandarin crop is forecast at 981,000 tons, up 9 percent from the previous forecast and up 2 percent from last season's final utilization. The California tangerine and mandarin forecast, at 24.0 million boxes (960,000 tons), is up 9 percent from the previous forecast and up 2 percent from last season. Lemons: The 2023-2024 United States lemon crop is forecast at 1.08 million tons, up 17 percent from the previous forecast but down 2 percent from last season's final utilization. The California forecast, at 26.0 million boxes (1.04 million tons), is up 18 percent from the previous forecast but unchanged from the final 2022-2023 season. Tobacco: The 2024 United States all flue-cured tobacco production is forecast at 254 million pounds, down 12 percent from 2023 for comparable States. Area harvested is expected to total 126,000 acres, unchanged from the Acreage report released on June 28, 2024, but up slightly from 2023 for comparable States. If realized, this will be the second lowest flue-cured harvested area and production on record. Yield for the 2024 crop year is forecast at 2,019 pounds per acre, 286 pounds below last year's average yield in comparable States. Beginning in 2024, estimates for flue-cured tobacco were discontinued in Georgia and South Carolina. Apricots: The 2024 apricot crop is forecast at 36,000 tons, up 1 percent from last year. In California, growers experienced favorable growing conditions with a few weeks of heavy rain and hail with minimal crop damage in the spring. Almonds: The 2024 California almond production (shelled basis) is forecast at 2.80 billion pounds, down 7 percent from the previous forecast but up 13 percent from last year. The 2024 almond crop experienced mostly favorable weather during the bloom period, which began the second week in February and finished by the middle of March. Bee hours were reported to be significantly higher than last year. Wet and warm weather in April increased pest and disease pressure, but dry conditions and mild temperatures in May helped the developing crop. Multiple heat waves across the state during June and July required growers to increase irrigation on their orchards. The almond harvest is expected to be on schedule. The complete report is available at: https://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_State/California/Publications/Special ty_and_Other_Releases/Almond/Objective- Measurement/2024almondOM%20with%20CI.pdf Statistical Methodology Wheat survey procedures: Objective yield and farm operator surveys were conducted between June 24 and July 9 to gather information on expected yield as of July 1. The objective yield survey was conducted in 10 States that accounted for about 64 percent of the 2023 winter wheat production. Farm operators were interviewed to update previously reported acreage data and seek permission to randomly locate two sample plots in selected winter wheat fields. The counts made within each sample plot depended upon the crop's maturity. Counts such as number of stalks, heads in late boot, and number of emerged heads were made to predict the number of heads that would be harvested. The counts are used with similar data from previous years to develop a projected biological yield. The average harvesting loss is subtracted to obtain a net yield. The plots are revisited each month until crop maturity when the heads are clipped, threshed, and weighed. After the farm operator has harvested the sample field, another plot is sampled to obtain current year harvesting loss. The farm operator survey was conducted primarily by telephone with some use of mail and internet. Approximately 4,600 producers were interviewed during the survey period and asked questions about the probable yield on their operation. These growers will continue to be surveyed throughout the growing season to provide indications of average yields. Orange survey procedures: In Florida, during August and September, the number of bearing trees and the number of fruit per tree is determined. In August and subsequent months, fruit size measurement and fruit droppage surveys are conducted, which combined with the previous components are used to develop the current forecast of production. California and Texas conduct grower surveys on a quarterly basis in October, January, April, and July. California also conducts objective measurement surveys in September for Navel oranges and in March for Valencia oranges. Wheat estimating procedures: National and State level objective yield and grower reported data were reviewed for reasonableness and consistency with historical estimates. The survey data were also reviewed considering weather patterns and crop progress compared to previous months and previous years. Each Regional Field Office submits their analysis of the current situation to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the survey data and the State analyses to prepare the published July 1 forecasts. Orange estimating procedures: State level objective measurement estimates for Florida oranges were reviewed for errors, reasonableness, and consistency with historical estimates. Reports from growers in California and Texas were also used for setting estimates. These three States submit their analyses of the current situation to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the survey data and the State analyses to prepare the published July 1 forecast. Revision policy: The July 1 production forecast will not be revised; instead, a new forecast will be made each month throughout the growing season. End-of-season wheat estimates are made after harvest. At the end of the wheat marketing season, a balance sheet is calculated using carryover stocks, production, exports, millings, feeding, and ending stocks. Revisions are then made if the balance sheet relationships or other administrative data warrant changes. End-of-season orange estimates will be published in the Citrus Fruits Summary released in August. The orange production estimates are based on all data available at the end of the marketing season, including information from marketing orders, shipments, and processor records. Allowances are made for recorded local utilization and home use. Reliability: To assist users in evaluating the reliability of the July 1 production forecast, the "Root Mean Square Error," a statistical measure based on past performance, is computed. The deviation between the July 1 production forecast and the final estimate is expressed as a percentage of the final estimate. The average of the squared percentage deviations for the latest 20-year period is computed. The square root of the average becomes statistically the "Root Mean Square Error." Probability statements can be made concerning expected differences in the current forecast relative to the final end-of-season estimate, assuming that factors affecting this year's forecast are not different from those influencing recent years. The "Root Mean Square Error" for the July 1 winter wheat production forecast is 3.5 percent. This means that chances are 2 out of 3 that the current winter wheat production will not be above or below the final estimate by more than 3.5 percent. Chances are 9 out of 10 (90 percent confidence level) that the difference will not exceed 6.1 percent. Also shown in the following table is a 20-year record for selected crops of the differences between the July 1 forecast and the final estimate. Using winter wheat as an example, changes between the July 1 forecast and the final estimate during the last 20 years have averaged 36 million bushels, ranging from less than 1 million to 98 million bushels. The July 1 forecast has been below the final estimate 8 times and above 12 times. This does not imply that the July 1 winter wheat forecast this year is likely to understate or overstate final production. Reliability of July 1 Crop Production Forecasts [Based on data for the past twenty years] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : : : Difference between forecast : : : and final estimate : : :---------------------------------------- : :90 percent : Production : Years Crop : Root mean :confidence :---------------------------------------- :square error: interval : : : : Below : Above : : :Average:Smallest:Largest: final : final ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : ---- percent --- ----- millions ----- number : Barley ................bushels: 6.5 11.3 10 (Z) 31 11 9 Oranges 1/ ...............tons: 3.1 5.4 115 9 387 11 9 Oats ..................bushels: 11.2 19.4 7 (Z) 17 4 16 Wheat : Winter wheat ........bushels: 3.5 6.1 36 (Z) 98 8 12 Durum wheat .........bushels: 13.8 23.9 8 (Z) 24 10 10 Other spring .......bushels: 8.5 14.8 33 2 98 10 10 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (Z) Less than half of the unit shown. 1/ Quantity is in thousands of units. USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service Information Contacts Listed below are the commodity statisticians in the Crops Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to nass@usda.gov Nicholas Streff, Acting Chief, Crops Branch.......................................... (202) 720-2127 Chris Hawthorn, Head, Field Crops Section............................................ (202) 720-2127 Irwin Anolik - Crop Progress and Condition, Flaxseed, Mustardseed............... (202) 720-7621 Joshua Bates - Hemp, Oats, Soybeans............................................. (202) 690-3234 Natasha Bruton - Barley, Cotton System Consumption and Stocks, Grain Crushings.. (202) 690-1042 David Colwell - Fats and Oils, Flour Milling Products........................... (202) 720-8800 Michelle Harder - Hay, Peanuts.................................................. (202) 690-8533 Chris Hawthorn - Corn, Proso Millet, Rice....................................... (202) 720-2127 James Johanson - Rye, Wheat..................................................... (202) 720-8068 Becky Sommer - Cotton, Cotton Ginnings, Sorghum................................. (202) 720-5944 Travis Thorson - Canola, Rapeseed, Safflower, Sunflower......................... (202) 720-7369 Fleming Gibson, Head, Fruits, Vegetables and Special Crops Section................... (202) 720-2127 Deonne Holiday - Almonds, Carrots, Coffee, Cranberries, Garlic, Onions, Plums, Prunes, Tobacco............................................................... (202) 720-4288 Bret Holliman - Apricots, Chickpeas, Nectarines, Peaches, Snap Beans, Sweet Corn, Tomatoes................................................................. (202) 720-7235 Robert Little - Blueberries, Cabbage, Dry Beans, Lettuce, Macadamia, Maple Syrup, Pears, Raspberries, Spinach............................................. (202) 720-3250 Krishna Rizal - Artichokes, Asparagus, Celery, Grapefruit, Kiwifruit, Lemons, Mandarins and tangerines, Mint, Mushrooms, Olives, Oranges, Pistachios............... (202) 720-5412 Chris Singh - Apples, Cucumbers, Hazelnuts, Potatoes, Pumpkins, Squash, Strawberries, Sugarbeets, Sugarcane, Sweet Potatoes.......................... (202) 720-4285 Antonio Torres - Cantaloupes, Dry Edible Peas, Grapes, Green Peas, Honeydews, Lentils, Sweet Cherries, Tart Cherries, Walnuts, Watermelons.............. (202) 720-2157 Chris Wallace - Avocados, Bell Peppers, Broccoli, Cauliflower, Chile Peppers, Dates, Floriculture, Hops, Papayas, Pecans............................ (202) 720-4215 Access to NASS Reports For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways: All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: www.nass.usda.gov. Both national and state specific reports are available via a free e- mail subscription. 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