Quarterly Hogs and Pigs ISSN: 1949-1921 Released March 27, 2025, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). United States Hog Inventory Down Slightly United States inventory of all hogs and pigs on March 1, 2025 was 74.5 million head. This was down slightly from March 1, 2024, and down 1 percent from December 1, 2024. Breeding inventory, at 5.98 million head, was down 1 percent from last year, and down slightly from the previous quarter. Market hog inventory, at 68.5 million head, was down slightly from last year, and down 1 percent from last quarter. The December 2024-February 2025 pig crop, at 33.7 million head, was down slightly from last year. Sows farrowing during this period totaled 2.89 million head, down 1 percent from previous year. The sows farrowed during this quarter represented 48 percent of the breeding herd. The average pigs saved per litter was 11.65 for the December 2024-February 2025 period, compared to 11.53 last year. United States hog producers intend to have 2.91 million sows farrow during the March-May 2025 quarter, down slightly from the actual farrowings during the same period one year earlier, and down 1 percent from the same period two years earlier. Intended farrowings for June-August 2025, at 2.96 million sows, are down 1 percent from the same period one year earlier, and down 2 percent from the same period two years earlier. The total number of hogs under contract owned by operations with over 5,000 head, but raised by contractees, accounted for 52 percent of the total United States hog inventory, unchanged from the previous year. Revisions All inventory and pig crop estimates for March 2024 through December 2024 were reviewed using final pig crop, official slaughter, death loss, and updated import and export data. The revision made to the December 2024 all hogs and pigs inventory was 1.2 percent. A revision of 1.4 percent was made to the September 2024-November 2024 pig crop. The net revision made to the September 2024 all hogs and pigs inventory was 1.3 percent. A net revision of 0.1 percent was made to the June-August 2024 pig crop. The net revision made to the June 2024 all hogs and pigs inventory was 0.5 percent. A net revision of 0.8 percent was made to the March-May 2024 pig crop. Records Record highs for all hogs and pigs, market hogs, pig crop and pigs per litter, by quarter, can be found on page 13. This report was approved on March 27, 2025. Secretary of Agriculture Designate Seth Meyer Agricultural Statistics Board Chairperson Lance Honig Contents Hogs and Pigs Inventory by Class, Weight Group, and Quarter - United States: 2024 and 2025................. 4 Sows Farrowing, Pig Crop, and Pigs per Litter - United States: 2023-2025................................... 5 Monthly Sows Farrowing, Pigs per Litter, and Pig Crop - United States: December-November 2024 and 2025..... 5 Breeding, Market, and Total Inventory - States and United States: March 1, 2024 and 2025................... 6 Market Inventory by Weight Group - States and United States: March 1, 2024 and 2025........................ 6 Breeding, Market, and Total Inventory - States and United States: June 1, 2023 and 2024.................... 7 Market Inventory by Weight Group - States and United States: June 1, 2023 and 2024......................... 7 Breeding, Market, and Total Inventory - States and United States: September 1, 2023 and 2024............... 8 Market Inventory by Weight Group - States and United States: September 1, 2023 and 2024.................... 8 Breeding, Market, and Total Inventory - States and United States: December 1, 2023 and 2024................ 9 Market Inventory by Weight Group - States and United States: December 1, 2023 and 2024..................... 9 Sows Farrowing, Pigs per Litter, and Pig Crop - States and United States: December-February 2024 and 2025.. 10 Sows Farrowing, Pigs per Litter, and Pig Crop - States and United States: March-May 2023-2025.............. 10 Sows Farrowing, Pigs per Litter, and Pig Crop - States and United States: June-August 2023-2025............ 11 Sows Farrowing, Pigs per Litter, and Pig Crop - States and United States: September-November 2023 and 2024........................................................................... 11 Statistical Methodology.................................................................................... 12 Reliability of Quarterly Hog Estimates..................................................................... 12 Records by Quarter - United States: 1866 to Present........................................................ 13 Information Contacts....................................................................................... 13 Hogs and Pigs Inventory by Class, Weight Group, and Quarter - United States: 2024 and 2025 [May not add due to rounding] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : 2025 as Item : 2024 : 2025 : percent : : : of 2024 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---- 1,000 head ---- percent : March 1 inventory : All hogs and pigs.....................: 74,691 74,512 100 Kept for breeding...................: 6,016 5,980 99 Market..............................: 68,676 68,532 100 : Market hogs and pigs by weight groups : Under 50 pounds.....................: 21,369 21,301 100 50-119 pounds.......................: 19,113 19,032 100 120-179 pounds......................: 15,754 15,700 100 180 pounds and over.................: 12,440 12,499 100 : June 1 inventory : All hogs and pigs.....................: 74,891 Kept for breeding...................: 6,008 Market..............................: 68,884 : Market hogs and pigs by weight groups : Under 50 pounds.....................: 21,279 50-119 pounds.......................: 19,398 120-179 pounds......................: 15,190 180 pounds and over.................: 13,017 : September 1 inventory : All hogs and pigs.....................: 75,490 Kept for breeding...................: 6,044 Market..............................: 69,447 : Market hogs and pigs by weight groups : Under 50 pounds.....................: 22,194 50-119 pounds.......................: 20,132 120-179 pounds......................: 14,447 180 pounds and over.................: 12,674 : December 1 inventory : All hogs and pigs.....................: 74,905 Kept for breeding...................: 6,004 Market..............................: 68,901 : Market hogs and pigs by weight groups : Under 50 pounds.....................: 21,584 50-119 pounds.......................: 19,056 120-179 pounds......................: 14,784 180 pounds and over.................: 13,477 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Sows Farrowing, Pig Crop, and Pigs per Litter - United States: 2023-2025 [December preceding year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : 2025 as percent of Item : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 :------------------------- : : : : 2023 : 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------- 1,000 head ---------- ---- percent --- Sows farrowing : December-February.......: 2,952 2,929 2,892 98 99 March-May 1/ ...........: 2,941 2,920 2,913 99 100 December-May 2/ 3/ .....: 5,893 5,848 5,805 99 99 : June-August 1/ .........: 3,026 2,985 2,961 98 99 September-November......: 2,962 2,915 June-November 3/ .......: 5,988 5,900 : Pig crop : December-February.......: 32,537 33,756 33,701 104 100 March-May...............: 33,414 33,743 December-May 3/ ........: 65,951 67,499 : June-August.............: 35,134 34,981 September-November......: 34,537 34,755 June-November 3/ .......: 69,671 69,736 : : : ------------ number ----------- ---- percent --- : Pigs per litter : December-February.......: 11.02 11.53 11.65 106 101 March-May...............: 11.36 11.56 December-May............: 11.19 11.54 : June-August.............: 11.61 11.72 September-November......: 11.66 11.92 June-November...........: 11.64 11.82 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Intentions for 2025. 2/ Actual farrowings for December 2024-February 2025 plus intentions for March-May 2025. 3/ May not add due to rounding. Monthly Sows Farrowing, Pigs per Litter, and Pig Crop - United States: December-November 2024 and 2025 [December preceding year] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Sows farrowing 1/ : Pigs per litter : Pig crop 1/ Month :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : --- 1,000 head -- ----- number ---- --- 1,000 head --- : December........: 987 980 11.58 11.71 11,430 11,483 January.........: 972 973 11.52 11.56 11,200 11,249 February........: 969 939 11.49 11.69 11,125 10,969 March...........: 986 11.51 11,350 April...........: 969 11.49 11,134 May.............: 964 11.68 11,259 June............: 1,024 11.71 11,987 July............: 984 11.72 11,530 August..........: 977 11.73 11,463 September.......: 984 11.83 11,641 October.........: 971 11.95 11,596 November........: 961 11.99 11,518 : Total...........: 11,748 11.68 137,234 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Monthly values may not add to quarterly or annual totals due to rounding. Breeding, Market, and Total Inventory - States and United States: March 1, 2024 and 2025 [May not add due to rounding] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Breeding : Market : Total :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : :2025 as: : :2025 as: : :2025 as : 2024 : 2025 :percent: 2024 : 2025 :percent: 2024 : 2025 :percent : : :of 2024: : :of 2024: : :of 2024 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head percent -- 1,000 head -- percent -- 1,000 head -- percent : Colorado.........: 170 (NA) (NA) 440 (NA) (NA) 610 (NA) (NA) Illinois.........: 670 640 96 4,930 4,910 100 5,600 5,550 99 Indiana..........: 250 250 100 4,150 4,100 99 4,400 4,350 99 Iowa.............: 820 860 105 24,380 23,440 96 25,200 24,300 96 Kansas...........: 175 170 97 1,815 1,780 98 1,990 1,950 98 Michigan.........: 115 110 96 1,075 1,040 97 1,190 1,150 97 Minnesota........: 480 480 100 8,620 8,720 101 9,100 9,200 101 Missouri.........: 425 420 99 2,825 2,980 105 3,250 3,400 105 Nebraska.........: 400 410 103 3,350 3,140 94 3,750 3,550 95 North Carolina...: 760 770 101 6,640 7,330 110 7,400 8,100 109 : Ohio.............: 180 190 106 2,320 2,410 104 2,500 2,600 104 Oklahoma.........: 470 440 94 1,600 1,650 103 2,070 2,090 101 Pennsylvania.....: 150 145 97 1,310 1,325 101 1,460 1,470 101 South Dakota.....: 325 330 102 1,975 1,900 96 2,300 2,230 97 Texas............: 135 150 111 905 1,020 113 1,040 1,170 113 Utah.............: 35 (NA) (NA) 55 (NA) (NA) 90 (NA) (NA) : Other States 1/ .: 456 615 135 2,286 2,787 122 2,741 3,402 124 : United States....: 6,016 5,980 99 68,676 68,532 100 74,691 74,512 100 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Individual State estimates not available for the 34 Other States. Market Inventory by Weight Group - States and United States: March 1, 2024 and 2025 [Weight groups may not add to market inventory due to rounding] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Under : 50-119 : 120-179 : 180 pounds : 50 pounds : pounds : pounds : and over State :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head : Colorado.........: 230 (NA) 80 (NA) 55 (NA) 75 (NA) Illinois.........: 1,510 1,430 1,560 1,590 1,140 1,120 720 770 Indiana..........: 1,070 1,070 1,250 1,210 1,030 950 800 870 Iowa.............: 6,030 5,800 7,550 7,170 6,160 6,060 4,640 4,410 Kansas...........: 480 440 425 440 385 385 525 515 Michigan.........: 330 310 295 275 220 220 230 235 Minnesota........: 2,830 2,870 2,580 2,790 2,010 1,960 1,200 1,100 Missouri.........: 1,245 1,280 585 600 660 710 335 390 Nebraska.........: 1,135 1,040 930 840 780 750 505 510 North Carolina...: 2,600 2,850 1,460 1,580 1,350 1,490 1,230 1,410 : Ohio.............: 680 690 600 610 520 540 520 570 Oklahoma.........: 800 820 270 335 200 210 330 285 Pennsylvania.....: 360 360 395 435 300 300 255 230 South Dakota.....: 815 825 435 365 350 330 375 380 Texas............: 270 310 220 240 170 160 245 310 Utah.............: 35 (NA) 6 (NA) 7 (NA) 7 (NA) : Other States 1/ .: 949 1,206 472 552 417 515 448 514 : United States....: 21,369 21,301 19,113 19,032 15,754 15,700 12,440 12,499 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Individual State estimates not available for the 34 Other States. Breeding, Market, and Total Inventory - States and United States: June 1, 2023 and 2024 [May not add due to rounding] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Breeding : Market : Total :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : :2024 as: : :2024 as: : :2024 as : 2023 : 2024 :percent: 2023 : 2024 :percent: 2023 : 2024 :percent : : :of 2023: : :of 2023: : :of 2023 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head percent -- 1,000 head -- percent -- 1,000 head -- percent : Colorado.........: 145 165 114 435 485 111 580 650 112 Illinois.........: 670 660 99 4,780 5,090 106 5,450 5,750 106 Indiana..........: 260 250 96 4,190 4,150 99 4,450 4,400 99 Iowa.............: 910 820 90 22,990 23,880 104 23,900 24,700 103 Kansas...........: 155 170 110 1,755 1,850 105 1,910 2,020 106 Michigan.........: 115 115 100 1,125 1,105 98 1,240 1,220 98 Minnesota........: 520 500 96 8,380 8,900 106 8,900 9,400 106 Missouri.........: 455 415 91 2,795 2,935 105 3,250 3,350 103 Nebraska.........: 400 390 98 3,350 3,210 96 3,750 3,600 96 North Carolina...: 800 770 96 7,000 6,830 98 7,800 7,600 97 : Ohio.............: 190 180 95 2,410 2,320 96 2,600 2,500 96 Oklahoma.........: 470 480 102 1,710 1,610 94 2,180 2,090 96 Pennsylvania.....: 140 145 104 1,210 1,295 107 1,350 1,440 107 South Dakota.....: 315 335 106 1,885 1,935 103 2,200 2,270 103 Texas............: 180 130 72 950 960 101 1,130 1,090 96 Utah.............: 30 35 117 255 75 29 285 110 39 : Other States 1/ .: 451 448 99 2,125 2,254 106 2,576 2,701 105 : United States....: 6,206 6,008 97 67,345 68,884 102 73,551 74,891 102 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Individual State estimates not available for the 34 Other States. Market Inventory by Weight Group - States and United States: June 1, 2023 and 2024 [Weight groups may not add to market inventory due to rounding] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Under : 50-119 : 120-179 : 180 pounds : 50 pounds : pounds : pounds : and over State :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head : Colorado.........: 200 240 100 100 60 70 75 75 Illinois.........: 1,340 1,530 1,610 1,640 1,040 1,140 790 780 Indiana..........: 1,080 1,050 1,260 1,230 980 970 870 900 Iowa.............: 6,150 6,150 7,130 7,420 5,300 5,680 4,410 4,630 Kansas...........: 450 460 405 440 350 390 550 560 Michigan.........: 340 340 300 295 235 235 250 235 Minnesota........: 2,850 2,790 2,590 2,820 1,600 1,860 1,340 1,430 Missouri.........: 1,290 1,260 540 620 610 665 355 390 Nebraska.........: 1,070 1,010 950 860 750 730 580 610 North Carolina...: 2,720 2,620 1,530 1,460 1,420 1,450 1,330 1,300 : Ohio.............: 690 640 610 610 560 520 550 550 Oklahoma.........: 840 770 360 330 195 210 315 300 Pennsylvania.....: 315 370 385 395 290 300 220 230 South Dakota.....: 755 815 410 425 345 340 375 355 Texas............: 265 285 275 260 165 195 245 220 Utah.............: 105 53 55 7 45 8 50 7 : Other States 1/ .: 824 896 472 486 399 427 430 445 : United States....: 21,284 21,279 18,982 19,398 14,344 15,190 12,735 13,017 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Individual State estimates not available for the 34 Other States. Breeding, Market, and Total Inventory - States and United States: September 1, 2023 and 2024 [May not add due to rounding] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Breeding : Market : Total :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : :2024 as: : :2024 as: : :2024 as : 2023 : 2024 :percent: 2023 : 2024 :percent: 2023 : 2024 :percent : : :of 2023: : :of 2023: : :of 2023 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head percent -- 1,000 head -- percent -- 1,000 head -- percent : Colorado.........: 140 140 100 460 460 100 600 600 100 Illinois.........: 670 650 97 4,780 4,850 101 5,450 5,500 101 Indiana..........: 270 250 93 4,280 4,200 98 4,550 4,450 98 Iowa.............: 900 830 92 24,000 24,370 102 24,900 25,200 101 Kansas...........: 175 170 97 1,805 1,790 99 1,980 1,960 99 Michigan.........: 115 110 96 1,165 1,060 91 1,280 1,170 91 Minnesota........: 510 520 102 8,590 8,580 100 9,100 9,100 100 Missouri.........: 420 420 100 2,980 2,980 100 3,400 3,400 100 Nebraska.........: 410 420 102 3,390 3,180 94 3,800 3,600 95 North Carolina...: 800 780 98 7,300 7,320 100 8,100 8,100 100 : Ohio.............: 200 190 95 2,500 2,410 96 2,700 2,600 96 Oklahoma.........: 460 470 102 1,790 1,640 92 2,250 2,110 94 Pennsylvania.....: 145 155 107 1,295 1,315 102 1,440 1,470 102 South Dakota.....: 320 320 100 1,890 1,940 103 2,210 2,260 102 Texas............: 160 150 94 1,050 980 93 1,210 1,130 93 Utah.............: 30 35 117 260 70 27 290 105 36 : Other States 1/ .: 454 434 96 2,224 2,302 103 2,678 2,735 102 : United States....: 6,179 6,044 98 69,759 69,447 100 75,938 75,490 99 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Individual State estimates not available for the 34 Other States. Market Inventory by Weight Group - States and United States: September 1, 2023 and 2024 [Weight groups may not add to market inventory due to rounding] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Under : 50-119 : 120-179 : 180 pounds : 50 pounds : pounds : pounds : and over State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head : Colorado.........: 210 220 100 95 65 55 85 90 Illinois.........: 1,395 1,440 1,495 1,570 1,090 1,110 800 730 Indiana..........: 1,100 1,160 1,300 1,170 1,000 990 880 880 Iowa.............: 6,430 6,540 8,140 8,130 5,230 5,280 4,200 4,420 Kansas...........: 490 460 420 450 355 380 540 500 Michigan.........: 355 320 320 305 240 215 250 220 Minnesota........: 2,960 2,880 2,790 2,800 1,710 1,650 1,130 1,250 Missouri.........: 1,280 1,270 600 585 680 675 420 450 Nebraska.........: 1,130 1,030 960 870 720 690 580 590 North Carolina...: 2,990 2,930 1,570 1,570 1,390 1,400 1,350 1,420 : Ohio.............: 760 700 650 630 530 520 560 560 Oklahoma.........: 875 790 385 335 240 220 290 295 Pennsylvania.....: 370 380 410 425 310 305 205 205 South Dakota.....: 780 815 410 420 320 345 380 360 Texas............: 370 320 300 275 150 165 230 220 Utah.............: 95 48 60 7 50 8 55 7 : Other States 1/ .: 857 891 495 495 412 439 460 477 : United States....: 22,447 22,194 20,405 20,132 14,492 14,447 12,415 12,674 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Individual State estimates not available for the 34 Other States. Breeding, Market, and Total Inventory - States and United States: December 1, 2023 and 2024 [May not add due to rounding] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Breeding : Market : Total :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : :2024 as: : :2024 as: : :2024 as : 2023 : 2024 :percent: 2023 : 2024 :percent: 2023 : 2024 :percent : : :of 2023: : :of 2023: : :of 2023 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head percent -- 1,000 head -- percent -- 1,000 head -- percent : Colorado.........: 140 145 104 460 395 86 600 540 90 Illinois.........: 630 630 100 4,870 4,870 100 5,500 5,500 100 Indiana..........: 270 250 93 4,230 4,150 98 4,500 4,400 98 Iowa.............: 750 830 111 24,250 23,370 96 25,000 24,200 97 Kansas...........: 170 165 97 1,800 1,845 103 1,970 2,010 102 Kentucky.........: 50 50 100 425 415 98 475 465 98 Michigan.........: 115 105 91 1,165 1,065 91 1,280 1,170 91 Minnesota........: 510 480 94 8,790 8,820 100 9,300 9,300 100 Missouri.........: 430 440 102 2,670 3,010 113 3,100 3,450 111 Nebraska.........: 400 430 108 3,400 3,120 92 3,800 3,550 93 : North Carolina...: 780 770 99 7,120 7,430 104 7,900 8,200 104 Ohio.............: 190 200 105 2,410 2,500 104 2,600 2,700 104 Oklahoma.........: 485 450 93 1,635 1,670 102 2,120 2,120 100 Pennsylvania.....: 160 160 100 1,300 1,350 104 1,460 1,510 103 South Dakota.....: 345 320 93 1,955 1,910 98 2,300 2,230 97 Texas............: 150 150 100 990 1,020 103 1,140 1,170 103 Utah.............: 30 (NA) (NA) 175 (NA) (NA) 205 (NA) (NA) : Other States 1/ .: 394 429 109 1,818 1,961 108 2,211 2,390 108 : United States....: 5,999 6,004 100 69,463 68,901 99 75,461 74,905 99 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Individual State estimates not available for the 34 Other States. Market Inventory by Weight Group - States and United States: December 1, 2023 and 2024 [Weight groups may not add to market inventory due to rounding] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Under : 50-119 : 120-179 : 180 pounds : 50 pounds : pounds : pounds : and over State :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head : Colorado.........: 205 200 100 70 65 50 90 75 Illinois.........: 1,455 1,400 1,530 1,600 1,070 1,140 815 730 Indiana..........: 1,080 1,030 1,260 1,240 960 930 930 950 Iowa.............: 6,310 6,070 7,480 7,100 5,700 5,480 4,760 4,720 Kansas...........: 450 490 420 445 360 350 570 560 Kentucky.........: 139 119 97 93 67 98 122 105 Michigan.........: 340 330 305 280 250 220 270 235 Minnesota........: 2,890 2,890 2,660 2,800 1,730 1,750 1,510 1,380 Missouri.........: 1,160 1,330 490 550 630 670 390 460 Nebraska.........: 1,130 1,040 890 810 770 710 610 560 : North Carolina...: 2,760 2,820 1,520 1,620 1,370 1,420 1,470 1,570 Ohio.............: 710 730 550 630 520 550 630 590 Oklahoma.........: 740 830 345 325 210 235 340 280 Pennsylvania.....: 355 365 410 445 280 290 255 250 South Dakota.....: 790 815 420 380 350 345 395 370 Texas............: 270 295 270 280 170 180 280 265 Utah.............: 55 (NA) 40 (NA) 40 (NA) 40 (NA) : Other States 1/ .: 732 830 367 388 366 366 352 377 : United States....: 21,571 21,584 19,154 19,056 14,908 14,784 13,829 13,477 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Individual State estimates not available for the 34 Other States. Sows Farrowing, Pigs per Litter, and Pig Crop - States and United States: December-February 2024 and 2025 [December preceding year. May not add due to rounding] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Sows farrowing : Pigs per litter : Pig crop 1/ :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : 2025 as : : : : : 2025 as State : 2024 : 2025 : percent : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 : percent : : : of 2024 : : : : : of 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : --- 1,000 head -- percent ----- number ----- --- 1,000 head --- percent : Colorado ...........: 64 (NA) (NA) 10.00 (NA) 640 (NA) (NA) Illinois ...........: 310 295 95 11.00 11.60 3,410 3,422 100 Indiana ............: 120 124 103 11.30 11.20 1,356 1,389 102 Iowa ...............: 440 445 101 11.80 11.60 5,192 5,162 99 Kansas .............: 85 87 102 11.55 11.90 982 1,035 105 Michigan ...........: 52 52 100 11.40 10.95 593 569 96 Minnesota ..........: 270 245 91 12.20 12.25 3,294 3,001 91 Missouri ...........: 220 225 102 11.30 11.90 2,486 2,678 108 Nebraska ...........: 190 180 95 12.10 11.80 2,299 2,124 92 North Carolina .....: 400 385 96 11.15 11.50 4,460 4,428 99 : Ohio ...............: 91 100 110 11.45 11.20 1,042 1,120 107 Oklahoma ...........: 185 185 100 10.90 10.90 2,017 2,017 100 Pennsylvania .......: 46 52 113 11.80 11.50 543 598 110 South Dakota .......: 161 160 99 12.80 13.25 2,061 2,120 103 Texas ..............: 67 63 94 11.70 11.60 784 731 93 Utah ...............: 12 (NA) (NA) 11.90 (NA) 143 (NA) (NA) : Other States 2/ ....: 216 294 137 11.39 11.24 2,454 3,307 135 : United States ......: 2,929 2,892 99 11.53 11.65 33,756 33,701 100 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Number of pigs born December-February that were still on hand March 1, or had been sold. 2/ Individual State estimates not available for the 34 Other States. Sows Farrowing, Pigs per Litter, and Pig Crop - States and United States: March-May 2023-2025 [May not add due to rounding] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Sows farrowing : Pigs per litter : Pig crop 1/ :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : 2025 as : : : : : 2024 as : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 2/ : percent : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 : percent : : : : of 2024 : : : : : of 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : --------- 1,000 head -------- percent ----- number ---- --- 1,000 head --- percent : Colorado............: 62 73 (NA) (NA) 10.40 10.20 645 745 116 Illinois............: 275 295 290 98 11.35 11.15 3,121 3,289 105 Indiana.............: 125 120 135 113 11.10 11.55 1,388 1,386 100 Iowa................: 470 430 470 109 11.75 11.95 5,523 5,139 93 Kansas..............: 80 87 83 95 10.80 11.60 864 1,009 117 Michigan............: 54 54 53 98 11.10 11.30 599 610 102 Minnesota...........: 265 270 245 91 12.10 12.25 3,207 3,308 103 Missouri............: 225 220 215 98 11.10 11.20 2,498 2,464 99 Nebraska............: 180 175 185 106 11.40 11.90 2,052 2,083 102 North Carolina......: 405 400 395 99 11.00 11.35 4,455 4,540 102 : Ohio................: 93 92 91 99 11.30 11.20 1,051 1,030 98 Oklahoma............: 205 190 175 92 10.70 11.10 2,194 2,109 96 Pennsylvania........: 47 48 51 106 11.45 12.00 538 576 107 South Dakota........: 141 164 162 99 12.90 12.90 1,819 2,116 116 Texas...............: 74 64 64 100 11.20 11.10 829 710 86 Utah................: 16 16 (NA) (NA) 10.90 9.70 174 155 89 : Other States 3/ ....: 224 222 299 135 10.98 11.16 2,457 2,474 101 : United States.......: 2,941 2,920 2,913 100 11.36 11.56 33,414 33,743 101 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Number of pigs born March-May that were still on hand June 1, or had been sold. 2/ Intentions. 3/ Individual State estimates not available for the 34 Other States. Sows Farrowing, Pigs per Litter, and Pig Crop - States and United States: June-August 2023-2025 [May not add due to rounding] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Sows farrowing : Pigs per litter : Pig crop 1/ :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : 2025 as : : : : : 2024 as State : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 2/ : percent : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 : percent : : : : of 2024 : : : : : of 2023 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------- 1,000 head ------ percent ---- number --- -- 1,000 head -- percent : Colorado.........: 63 66 (NA) (NA) 10.40 11.10 655 733 112 Illinois.........: 290 295 290 98 11.60 11.50 3,364 3,393 101 Indiana..........: 130 123 130 106 11.50 12.00 1,495 1,476 99 Iowa.............: 480 460 485 105 11.80 11.95 5,664 5,497 97 Kansas...........: 85 86 85 99 11.20 11.90 952 1,023 107 Michigan.........: 53 52 52 100 11.10 11.20 588 582 99 Minnesota........: 270 280 255 91 12.10 12.10 3,267 3,388 104 Missouri.........: 225 215 220 102 12.20 11.20 2,745 2,408 88 Nebraska.........: 185 190 190 100 11.80 11.70 2,183 2,223 102 North Carolina...: 420 410 395 96 11.30 11.60 4,746 4,756 100 : Ohio.............: 100 99 96 97 11.50 11.10 1,150 1,099 96 Oklahoma.........: 205 205 185 90 11.00 11.15 2,255 2,286 101 Pennsylvania.....: 52 50 51 102 11.60 12.10 603 605 100 South Dakota.....: 148 156 159 102 12.60 13.20 1,865 2,059 110 Texas............: 82 68 65 96 11.40 11.20 935 762 81 Utah.............: 15 16 (NA) (NA) 11.00 11.30 165 181 110 : Other States 3/ .: 223 214 303 142 11.22 11.72 2,502 2,510 100 : United States....: 3,026 2,985 2,961 99 11.61 11.72 35,134 34,981 100 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Number of pigs born June-August that were still on hand September 1, or had been sold. 2/ Intentions. 3/ Individual State estimates not available for the 34 Other States. Sows Farrowing, Pigs per Litter, and Pig Crop - States and United States: September-November 2023 and 2024 [May not add due to rounding] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Sows Farrowing : Pigs per litter : Pig crop 1/ :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : 2024 as : : : : : 2024 as State : 2023 : 2024 : percent : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 : percent : : : of 2023 : : : : : of 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : --- 1,000 head -- percent ----- number ---- --- 1,000 head --- percent : Colorado............: 62 62 100 10.50 11.20 651 694 107 Illinois............: 295 290 98 11.40 11.85 3,363 3,437 102 Indiana.............: 125 122 98 11.70 11.90 1,463 1,452 99 Iowa................: 455 475 104 11.80 11.60 5,369 5,510 103 Kansas..............: 83 86 104 11.35 11.85 942 1,019 108 Michigan............: 57 52 91 11.40 11.40 650 593 91 Minnesota...........: 280 240 86 12.05 12.55 3,374 3,012 89 Missouri............: 210 225 107 11.70 12.20 2,457 2,745 112 Nebraska............: 185 185 100 11.85 11.90 2,192 2,202 100 North Carolina......: 410 385 94 11.55 12.20 4,736 4,697 99 : Ohio................: 98 95 97 11.20 11.60 1,098 1,102 100 Oklahoma............: 200 200 100 11.20 11.25 2,240 2,250 100 Pennsylvania........: 49 47 96 11.90 11.50 583 541 93 South Dakota........: 154 157 102 12.70 13.20 1,956 2,072 106 Texas...............: 72 64 89 12.00 12.20 864 781 90 Utah................: 13 (NA) (NA) 11.00 (NA) 143 (NA) (NA) : Other States 2/ ....: 214 230 108 11.50 11.51 2,456 2,648 108 : United States.......: 2,962 2,915 98 11.66 11.92 34,537 34,755 101 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Number of pigs born September-November that were still on hand December 1, or had been sold. 2/ Individual State estimates not available for the 34 Other States. Statistical Methodology Survey Procedures: A random sample of 4,455 United States producers was surveyed to provide data for these estimates. Survey procedures ensured that all hog and pig producers, regardless of size, had a chance to be included in the survey. Large operations were sampled more heavily than small operations. During the first half of March 2025, data were collected from about 2,800 operations. The data collected were received by electronic data reporting, mail, telephone, and face-to-face personal interviews. Regardless of when operations responded, they were asked to report inventories as of March 1, 2025. Estimating Procedures: Hogs and pigs estimates were prepared by the Agricultural Statistics Board after reviewing recommendations and analysis submitted by each regional field office. National and State survey data were reviewed for reasonableness with each other and with estimates from past years using a balance sheet. The balance sheet begins with the previous inventory estimate, adds the estimates of births and imports, and subtracts the estimates of slaughter, exports, and deaths. This indicated ending inventory level is compared to the Agricultural Statistics Board estimate for reasonableness. Revision Policy: Revisions to previous estimates are made to improve quarter to quarter relationships. Estimates for the previous four quarters are subject to revision when current estimates are made. In December, estimates are reviewed from all quarters of the current year, all quarters of the previous year, and December two years prior. The reviews are primarily based on hog check-off receipts and slaughter. Estimates will also be reviewed after data from the Department of Agriculture five-year Census of Agriculture are available. No revisions will be made after that date. Reliability: Since all operations raising hogs are not included in the sample, survey estimates are subject to sampling variability. Survey results are also subject to non-sampling errors such as omissions, duplication, and mistakes in reporting, recording, and processing the data. The effects of these errors cannot be measured directly. They are minimized through rigid quality controls in the data collection process and through a careful review of all reported data for consistency and reasonableness. To assist users in evaluating the reliability of the estimates in this report, the "Root Mean Square Error" is shown for selected items in the following table. The "Root Mean Square Error" is a statistical measure based on past performance and is computed using the difference between first and final estimates. The "Root Mean Square Error" for hog inventory estimates over the past 20 quarters is 1.5 percent. This means that chances are 2 out of 3 that the final estimate will not be above or below the current estimate of 74.5 million head by more than 1.5 percent. Chances are 9 out of 10 that the difference will not exceed 2.6 percent. Reliability of Quarterly Hog Estimates [Based on data for the previous 20 quarters] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Root mean : 90 percent : Difference between first and latest estimate : square error : confidence : : : : : : : level :------------------------------------------------------------- Item : : : : : : Quarters : : : : : :------------------------------- : : : Average :Smallest : Largest : Below latest : Above latest -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent percent --------- 1,000 -------- ----- number ----- : All hogs and pigs.............: 1.5 2.6 974 120 2,350 11 9 : Pig crop......................: 1.7 2.9 483 14 1,211 12 8 : Expected farrowings : : Second intentions ..........: 2.3 4.0 51 2 189 14 6 : First intentions ...........: 2.3 4.0 55 2 182 10 10 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Records by Quarter - United States: 1866 to Present [This table provides data users with record high estimates of all hogs and pigs, market hogs, pig crop, and pigs per litter since each data series began] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Item : Estimate : Record high : Series began ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 head year year : All hogs and pigs : March 1.....................: 76,104 2020 1988 June 1......................: 77,514 2020 1964 September 1.................: 78,963 2019 1988 December 1..................: 83,741 1943 1866 : Market : March 1.....................: 69,629 2020 1988 June 1......................: 71,038 2020 1964 September 1.................: 72,503 2019 1988 December 1..................: 70,846 2020 1963 : Pig crop : December-February1/ ........: 34,919 2020 1970 March-May...................: 34,595 2019 1970 June-August.................: 36,370 2019 1970 September-November..........: 34,987 2020 1970 : : number year year : Pigs per litter : December-February1/ ........: 11.65 2025 1970 March-May...................: 11.56 2024 1970 June-August.................: 11.72 2024 1970 September-November..........: 11.92 2024 1970 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ December preceding year. Information Contacts Listed below are the commodity specialists in the Livestock Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to nass@usda.gov. Travis Averill, Chief, Livestock Branch ...... (202) 692-0069 Vacant, Head, Livestock Section Vacant - Dairy Products Sherry Bertramsen - Livestock Slaughter ... (202) 690-8632 Ryan Cowen - Cattle, Cattle on Feed ....... (202) 720-3040 Kim DaPra - Milk Production and Milk Cows.. (202) 720-3278 Ralph Mondesir - Hogs and Pigs ............ (202) 720-3106 Suzanne Richards - Sheep and Goats ........ (202) 720-4448 Access to NASS Reports For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways: All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: www.nass.usda.gov. Both national and state specific reports are available via a free e- mail subscription. 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