Quarterly Hogs and Pigs ISSN: 1949-1921 Released March 25, 2021, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). United States Hog Inventory Down 2 Percent United States inventory of all hogs and pigs on March 1, 2021 was 74.8 million head. This was down 2 percent from March 1, 2020, and down 3 percent from December 1, 2020. Breeding inventory, at 6.21 million head, was down 3 percent from last year, and down 1 percent from the previous quarter. Market hog inventory, at 68.6 million head, was down 2 percent from last year, and down 3 percent from last quarter. The December 2020-February 2021 pig crop, at 33.3 million head, was down 1 percent from last year. Sows farrowing during this period totaled 3.04 million head, down 1 percent from previous year. The sows farrowed during this quarter represented 48 percent of the breeding herd. The average pigs saved per litter was 10.94 for the December 2020-February 2021 period, compared to 11.00 last year. United States hog producers intend to have 3.07 million sows farrow during the March-May 2021 quarter, down 3 percent from the actual farrowings during the same period one year earlier, and down 2 percent from the same period two years earlier. Intended farrowings for June-August 2021, at 3.12 million sows, are down 4 percent from the same period one year earlier, and down 5 percent from the same period two years earlier. The total number of hogs under contract owned by operations with over 5,000 head, but raised by contractees, accounted for 50 percent of the total United States hog inventory, up 1 percent from the previous year. Revisions All inventory and pig crop estimates for March 2020 through December 2020 were reviewed using final pig crop, official slaughter, death loss, and updated import and export data. The revision made to the December 2020 all hogs and pigs inventory was 0.2 percent. Records Record highs for all hogs and pigs, market hogs, pig crop and pigs per litter, by quarter, can be found on page 13. This report was approved on March 25, 2021. Secretary of Agriculture Designate Seth Meyer Agricultural Statistics Board Chairperson Joseph L. Parsons Contents Hogs and Pigs Inventory by Class, Weight Group, and Quarter - United States: 2020 and 2021................. 4 Sows Farrowing, Pig Crop, and Pigs per Litter - United States: 2019-2021................................... 5 Monthly Sows Farrowing, Pigs per Litter, and Pig Crop - United States: December-November 2020 and 2021..... 5 Breeding, Market, and Total Inventory - States and United States: March 1, 2020 and 2021................... 6 Market Inventory by Weight Group - States and United States: March 1, 2020 and 2021........................ 6 Breeding, Market, and Total Inventory - States and United States: June 1, 2019 and 2020.................... 7 Market Inventory by Weight Group - States and United States: June 1, 2019 and 2020......................... 7 Breeding, Market, and Total Inventory - States and United States: September 1, 2019 and 2020............... 8 Market Inventory by Weight Group - States and United States: September 1, 2019 and 2020.................... 8 Breeding, Market, and Total Inventory - States and United States: December 1, 2019 and 2020................ 9 Market Inventory by Weight Group - States and United States: December 1, 2019 and 2020..................... 9 Sows Farrowing, Pigs per Litter, and Pig Crop - States and United States: December-February 2020 and 2021.. 10 Sows Farrowing, Pigs per Litter, and Pig Crop - States and United States: March-May 2019-2021.............. 10 Sows Farrowing, Pigs per Litter, and Pig Crop - States and United States: June-August 2019-2021............ 11 Sows Farrowing, Pigs per Litter, and Pig Crop - States and United States: September-November 2019 and 2020........................................................................... 11 Statistical Methodology.................................................................................... 12 Reliability of Quarterly Hog Estimates..................................................................... 12 Records by Quarter - United States: 1866 to Present........................................................ 13 Information Contacts....................................................................................... 13 Hogs and Pigs Inventory by Class, Weight Group, and Quarter - United States: 2020 and 2021 [May not add due to rounding. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : 2021 as Item : 2020 : 2021 : percent : : : of 2020 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---- 1,000 head ---- percent : March 1 inventory ......................: All hogs and pigs ....................: 76,179 74,773 98 Kept for breeding ..................: 6,375 6,215 97 Market .............................: 69,804 68,558 98 : Market hogs and pigs by weight groups : Under 50 pounds ....................: 21,571 21,288 99 50-119 pounds ......................: 19,353 19,118 99 120-179 pounds .....................: 15,086 14,705 97 180 pounds and over ................: 13,793 13,446 97 : June 1 inventory .......................: All hogs and pigs ....................: 77,364 Kept for breeding ..................: 6,326 Market .............................: 71,038 : Market hogs and pigs by weight groups : Under 50 pounds ....................: 22,110 50-119 pounds ......................: 19,890 120-179 pounds .....................: 15,240 180 pounds and over ................: 13,797 : September 1 inventory ..................: All hogs and pigs ....................: 78,434 Kept for breeding ..................: 6,333 Market .............................: 72,101 : Market hogs and pigs by weight groups : Under 50 pounds ....................: 23,144 50-119 pounds ......................: 21,020 120-179 pounds .....................: 14,867 180 pounds and over ................: 13,069 : December 1 inventory ...................: All hogs and pigs ....................: 77,312 Kept for breeding ..................: 6,276 Market .............................: 71,036 : Market hogs and pigs by weight groups : Under 50 pounds ....................: 21,739 50-119 pounds ......................: 20,260 120-179 pounds .....................: 15,346 180 pounds and over ................: 13,690 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Sows Farrowing, Pig Crop, and Pigs per Litter - United States: 2019-2021 [December preceding year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : 2021 as percent of Item : 2019 : 2020 : 2021 :------------------------- : : : : 2019 : 2020 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------- 1,000 head ---------- ---- percent --- Sows farrowing ...........: December-February ......: 3,098 3,068 3,041 98 99 March-May 2/ ...........: 3,132 3,149 3,070 98 97 December-May 1/ 3/ .....: 6,231 6,217 6,111 98 98 : June-August 2/ .........: 3,274 3,260 3,124 95 96 September-November .....: 3,197 3,164 June-November 1/ .......: 6,471 6,424 : Pig crop .................: December-February ......: 33,164 33,745 33,270 100 99 March-May ..............: 34,455 34,644 December-May 1/ ........: 67,619 68,389 : June-August ............: 36,370 36,056 September-November .....: 35,459 34,964 June-November 1/ .......: 71,829 71,021 : : : ------------ number ----------- ---- percent --- : Pigs per litter ..........: December-February ......: 10.70 11.00 10.94 102 99 March-May ..............: 11.00 11.00 December-May ...........: 10.85 11.00 : June-August ............: 11.11 11.06 September-November .....: 11.09 11.05 June-November ..........: 11.10 11.06 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ May not add due to rounding. 2/ Intentions for 2021. 3/ Actual farrowings for December 2020-February 2021 plus intentions for March-May 2021. Monthly Sows Farrowing, Pigs per Litter, and Pig Crop - United States: December-November 2020 and 2021 [December preceding year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Sows farrowing 1/ : Pigs per litter : Pig crop 1/ Month :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2020 : 2021 : 2020 : 2021 : 2020 : 2021 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : --- 1,000 head --- ----- number ---- --- 1,000 head --- : December .......: 1,049 1,037 10.98 10.83 11,517 11,228 January ........: 1,026 1,020 10.95 10.89 11,235 11,106 February .......: 993 984 11.07 11.11 10,994 10,936 March ..........: 1,085 10.72 11,636 April ..........: 1,039 11.13 11,556 May ............: 1,025 11.17 11,452 June ...........: 1,100 10.94 12,038 July ...........: 1,086 11.05 11,999 August .........: 1,074 11.19 12,020 September ......: 1,085 10.89 11,817 October ........: 1,044 11.07 11,558 November .......: 1,034 11.21 11,589 : Total ..........: 12,641 11.03 139,409 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Monthly values may not add to quarterly or annual totals due to rounding. Breeding, Market, and Total Inventory - States and United States: March 1, 2020 and 2021 [May not add due to rounding] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Breeding : Market : Total :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : :2021 as: : :2021 as: : :2021 as : 2020 : 2021 :percent: 2020 : 2021 :percent: 2020 : 2021 :percent : : :of 2020: : :of 2020: : :of 2020 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head percent -- 1,000 head -- percent -- 1,000 head -- percent : Colorado ........: 155 150 97 555 510 92 710 660 93 Illinois ........: 580 580 100 4,570 4,670 102 5,150 5,250 102 Indiana .........: 250 260 104 3,750 4,090 109 4,000 4,350 109 Iowa ............: 980 940 96 23,420 22,860 98 24,400 23,800 98 Kansas ..........: 180 170 94 1,910 1,810 95 2,090 1,980 95 Michigan ........: 120 120 100 1,120 1,190 106 1,240 1,310 106 Minnesota .......: 560 530 95 8,440 8,470 100 9,000 9,000 100 Missouri ........: 470 430 91 3,130 3,070 98 3,600 3,500 97 Nebraska ........: 440 440 100 3,310 3,210 97 3,750 3,650 97 North Carolina ..: 870 830 95 8,230 7,670 93 9,100 8,500 93 : Ohio ............: 200 200 100 2,450 2,350 96 2,650 2,550 96 Oklahoma ........: 450 460 102 1,800 1,580 88 2,250 2,040 91 Pennsylvania ....: 150 140 93 1,200 1,210 101 1,350 1,350 100 South Dakota ....: 285 285 100 1,725 1,705 99 2,010 1,990 99 Texas ...........: 155 160 103 955 900 94 1,110 1,060 95 Utah ............: 80 85 106 870 885 102 950 970 102 : Other States 1/ .: 450 435 97 2,369 2,378 100 2,819 2,813 100 : United States ...: 6,375 6,215 97 69,804 68,558 98 76,179 74,773 98 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Individual State estimates not available for the 34 Other States. Market Inventory by Weight Group - States and United States: March 1, 2020 and 2021 [Weight groups may not add to market inventory due to rounding] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Under : 50-119 : 120-179 : 180 pounds : 50 pounds : pounds : pounds : and over State :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2020 : 2021 : 2020 : 2021 : 2020 : 2021 : 2020 : 2021 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head : Colorado ........: 280 270 100 100 60 50 115 90 Illinois ........: 1,260 1,305 1,515 1,530 995 1,060 800 775 Indiana .........: 910 1,010 1,050 1,230 920 890 870 960 Iowa ............: 5,830 5,640 7,460 7,210 5,500 5,500 4,630 4,510 Kansas ..........: 455 455 495 420 390 340 570 595 Michigan ........: 335 355 300 300 230 255 255 280 Minnesota .......: 2,700 2,680 2,460 2,660 1,850 1,710 1,430 1,420 Missouri ........: 1,440 1,480 630 565 565 595 495 430 Nebraska ........: 1,130 1,100 885 850 690 710 605 550 North Carolina ..: 3,150 2,990 1,780 1,660 1,690 1,520 1,610 1,500 : Ohio ............: 680 660 640 610 550 515 580 565 Oklahoma ........: 825 740 360 345 250 195 365 300 Pennsylvania ....: 335 335 350 360 250 270 265 245 South Dakota ....: 695 685 385 390 335 315 310 315 Texas ...........: 280 290 265 200 185 150 225 260 Utah ............: 325 360 180 175 180 175 185 175 : Other States 1/ .: 941 933 498 513 446 455 483 476 : United States ...: 21,571 21,288 19,353 19,118 15,086 14,705 13,793 13,446 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Individual State estimates not available for the 34 Other States. Breeding, Market, and Total Inventory - States and United States: June 1, 2019 and 2020 [May not add due to rounding] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Breeding : Market : Total :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : :2020 as: : :2020 as: : :2020 as : 2019 : 2020 :percent: 2019 : 2020 :percent: 2019 : 2020 :percent : : :of 2019: : :of 2019: : :of 2019 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head percent -- 1,000 head -- percent -- 1,000 head -- percent : Colorado ........: 160 155 97 620 545 88 780 700 90 Illinois ........: 590 570 97 4,760 4,780 100 5,350 5,350 100 Indiana .........: 260 250 96 4,040 4,150 103 4,300 4,400 102 Iowa ............: 1,000 960 96 22,900 23,340 102 23,900 24,300 102 Kansas ..........: 175 180 103 1,845 2,010 109 2,020 2,190 108 Michigan ........: 120 120 100 1,130 1,060 94 1,250 1,180 94 Minnesota .......: 570 550 96 8,230 8,450 103 8,800 9,000 102 Missouri ........: 480 475 99 3,170 3,325 105 3,650 3,800 104 Nebraska ........: 460 440 96 3,290 3,360 102 3,750 3,800 101 North Carolina ..: 900 880 98 8,300 8,420 101 9,200 9,300 101 : Ohio ............: 200 210 105 2,550 2,540 100 2,750 2,750 100 Oklahoma ........: 445 460 103 1,715 1,720 100 2,160 2,180 101 Pennsylvania ....: 120 150 125 1,100 1,260 115 1,220 1,410 116 South Dakota ....: 265 280 106 1,605 1,780 111 1,870 2,060 110 Texas ...........: 155 130 84 935 920 98 1,090 1,050 96 Utah ............: 80 80 100 750 910 121 830 990 119 : Other States 1/ .: 430 436 102 2,376 2,468 104 2,805 2,904 104 : United States ...: 6,410 6,326 99 69,316 71,038 102 75,725 77,364 102 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Individual State estimates not available for the 34 Other States. Market Inventory by Weight Group - States and United States: June 1, 2019 and 2020 [Weight groups may not add to market inventory due to rounding] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Under : 50-119 : 120-179 : 180 pounds : 50 pounds : pounds : pounds : and over State :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head : Colorado ........: 295 275 130 95 100 70 95 105 Illinois ........: 1,465 1,400 1,530 1,555 945 1,035 820 790 Indiana .........: 1,090 1,010 1,180 1,310 840 910 930 920 Iowa ............: 5,920 5,780 7,520 7,520 5,430 5,500 4,030 4,540 Kansas ..........: 460 510 490 480 385 395 510 625 Michigan ........: 320 310 320 290 230 220 260 240 Minnesota .......: 2,630 2,800 2,590 2,430 1,730 1,820 1,280 1,400 Missouri ........: 1,590 1,690 530 565 525 600 525 470 Nebraska ........: 1,135 1,160 875 865 630 690 650 645 North Carolina ..: 3,370 3,100 1,830 1,920 1,500 1,730 1,600 1,670 : Ohio ............: 730 710 660 650 590 580 570 600 Oklahoma ........: 800 770 365 380 220 230 330 340 Pennsylvania ....: 305 375 345 385 235 270 215 230 South Dakota ....: 580 725 430 420 290 340 305 295 Texas ...........: 285 220 235 295 145 185 270 220 Utah ............: 325 365 150 180 140 180 135 185 : Other States 1/ .: 910 910 513 550 461 485 492 522 : United States ...: 22,210 22,110 19,693 19,890 14,396 15,240 13,017 13,797 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Individual State estimates not available for the 34 Other States. Breeding, Market, and Total Inventory - States and United States: September 1, 2019 and 2020 [May not add due to rounding] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Breeding : Market : Total :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : :2020 as: : :2020 as: : :2020 as : 2019 : 2020 :percent: 2019 : 2020 :percent: 2019 : 2020 :percent : : :of 2019: : :of 2019: : :of 2019 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head percent -- 1,000 head -- percent -- 1,000 head -- percent : Colorado ........: 160 165 103 630 485 77 790 650 82 Illinois ........: 590 580 98 4,910 4,820 98 5,500 5,400 98 Indiana .........: 250 250 100 4,150 4,200 101 4,400 4,450 101 Iowa ............: 1,010 980 97 23,990 23,820 99 25,000 24,800 99 Kansas ..........: 175 175 100 1,915 1,915 100 2,090 2,090 100 Michigan ........: 120 120 100 1,120 1,100 98 1,240 1,220 98 Minnesota .......: 580 530 91 8,620 8,570 99 9,200 9,100 99 Missouri ........: 490 470 96 3,160 3,430 109 3,650 3,900 107 Nebraska ........: 450 430 96 3,350 3,370 101 3,800 3,800 100 North Carolina ..: 900 870 97 8,700 8,730 100 9,600 9,600 100 : Ohio ............: 200 220 110 2,600 2,580 99 2,800 2,800 100 Oklahoma ........: 460 450 98 1,790 1,650 92 2,250 2,100 93 Pennsylvania ....: 120 150 125 1,140 1,290 113 1,260 1,440 114 South Dakota ....: 265 285 108 1,735 1,765 102 2,000 2,050 103 Texas ...........: 155 140 90 1,045 920 88 1,200 1,060 88 Utah ............: 80 85 106 880 955 109 960 1,040 108 : Other States 1/ .: 426 433 102 2,418 2,501 103 2,843 2,934 103 : United States ...: 6,431 6,333 98 72,153 72,101 100 78,583 78,434 100 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Individual State estimates not available for the 34 Other States. Market Inventory by Weight Group - States and United States: September 1, 2019 and 2020 [Weight groups may not add to market inventory due to rounding] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Under : 50-119 : 120-179 : 180 pounds : 50 pounds : pounds : pounds : and over State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head : Colorado ........: 305 260 130 100 95 50 100 75 Illinois ........: 1,510 1,390 1,650 1,540 900 1,070 850 820 Indiana .........: 1,110 1,040 1,230 1,380 860 820 950 960 Iowa ............: 6,360 6,440 8,010 7,780 5,520 5,480 4,100 4,120 Kansas ..........: 490 500 510 475 375 410 540 530 Michigan ........: 310 325 310 305 225 225 275 245 Minnesota .......: 2,950 2,850 2,850 2,820 1,710 1,720 1,110 1,180 Missouri ........: 1,530 1,600 590 690 545 690 495 450 Nebraska ........: 1,190 1,170 890 890 670 690 600 620 North Carolina ..: 3,440 3,350 2,140 2,130 1,580 1,610 1,540 1,640 : Ohio ............: 780 770 690 760 540 490 590 560 Oklahoma ........: 805 765 465 350 225 185 295 350 Pennsylvania ....: 315 355 330 410 265 275 230 250 South Dakota ....: 655 700 450 435 305 320 325 310 Texas ...........: 345 305 290 215 185 140 225 260 Utah ............: 355 370 175 195 175 195 175 195 : Other States 1/ .: 926 954 514 545 479 497 499 504 : United States ...: 23,376 23,144 21,224 21,020 14,654 14,867 12,899 13,069 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Individual State estimates not available for the 34 Other States. Breeding, Market, and Total Inventory - States and United States: December 1, 2019 and 2020 [May not add due to rounding] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Breeding : Market : Total :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : :2020 as: : :2020 as: : :2020 as : 2019 : 2020 :percent: 2019 : 2020 :percent: 2019 : 2020 :percent : : :of 2019: : :of 2019: : :of 2019 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head percent -- 1,000 head -- percent -- 1,000 head -- percent : Colorado ........: 155 155 100 605 475 79 760 630 83 Illinois ........: 590 570 97 4,860 4,880 100 5,450 5,450 100 Indiana .........: 250 250 100 4,150 4,200 101 4,400 4,450 101 Iowa ............: 1,010 980 97 23,890 23,720 99 24,900 24,700 99 Kansas ..........: 180 170 94 1,980 1,880 95 2,160 2,050 95 Michigan ........: 120 120 100 1,120 1,180 105 1,240 1,300 105 Minnesota .......: 570 540 95 8,830 8,860 100 9,400 9,400 100 Missouri ........: 490 450 92 2,860 3,300 115 3,350 3,750 112 Nebraska ........: 440 430 98 3,360 3,220 96 3,800 3,650 96 North Carolina ..: 900 840 93 8,500 8,060 95 9,400 8,900 95 : Ohio ............: 210 210 100 2,540 2,440 96 2,750 2,650 96 Oklahoma ........: 450 465 103 1,820 1,615 89 2,270 2,080 92 Pennsylvania ....: 140 150 107 1,190 1,240 104 1,330 1,390 105 South Dakota ....: 280 285 102 1,720 1,735 101 2,000 2,020 101 Texas ...........: 155 140 90 985 940 95 1,140 1,080 95 Utah ............: 80 90 113 880 910 103 960 1,000 104 : Other States 1/ .: 451 431 96 2,467 2,381 97 2,918 2,812 96 : United States ...: 6,471 6,276 97 71,757 71,036 99 78,228 77,312 99 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Individual State estimates not available for the 34 Other States. Market Inventory by Weight Group - States and United States: December 1, 2019 and 2020 [Weight groups may not add to market inventory due to rounding] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Under : 50-119 : 120-179 : 180 pounds : 50 pounds : pounds : pounds : and over State :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head : Colorado ........: 280 255 130 100 100 50 95 70 Illinois ........: 1,455 1,440 1,630 1,550 965 1,040 810 850 Indiana .........: 1,100 1,030 1,170 1,260 920 910 960 1,000 Iowa ............: 5,840 5,800 7,720 7,620 5,750 5,790 4,580 4,510 Kansas ..........: 475 435 475 485 420 360 610 600 Michigan ........: 340 360 310 330 220 245 250 245 Minnesota .......: 2,750 2,840 2,770 2,760 1,860 1,840 1,450 1,420 Missouri ........: 1,250 1,540 620 640 520 640 470 480 Nebraska ........: 1,180 1,100 875 860 640 710 665 550 North Carolina ..: 3,350 2,985 2,030 1,915 1,610 1,620 1,510 1,540 : Ohio ............: 690 750 710 660 550 480 590 550 Oklahoma ........: 780 740 470 350 255 205 315 320 Pennsylvania ....: 305 335 340 360 275 275 270 270 South Dakota ....: 680 690 400 400 320 325 320 320 Texas ...........: 300 280 275 225 170 185 240 250 Utah ............: 320 350 185 185 185 185 190 190 : Other States 1/ .: 953 809 526 560 496 486 491 525 : United States ...: 22,048 21,739 20,636 20,260 15,256 15,346 13,816 13,690 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Individual State estimates not available for the 34 Other States. Sows Farrowing, Pigs per Litter, and Pig Crop - States and United States: December-February 2020 and 2021 [December preceding year. May not add due to rounding] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Sows farrowing : Pigs per litter : Pig crop 1/ :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : 2021 as : : : : : 2021 as State : 2020 : 2021 : percent : 2020 : 2021 : 2020 : 2021 : percent : : : of 2020 : : : : : of 2020 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : --- 1,000 head -- percent ----- number ---- --- 1,000 head --- percent : Colorado ...........: 72 77 107 10.30 9.90 742 762 103 Illinois ...........: 285 275 96 10.95 10.95 3,121 3,011 96 Indiana ............: 115 125 109 10.60 10.70 1,219 1,338 110 Iowa ...............: 500 530 106 11.25 11.30 5,625 5,989 106 Kansas .............: 87 85 98 10.40 10.50 905 893 99 Michigan ...........: 57 53 93 11.10 10.90 633 578 91 Minnesota ..........: 270 260 96 11.90 11.80 3,213 3,068 95 Missouri ...........: 250 225 90 11.00 11.00 2,750 2,475 90 Nebraska ...........: 190 185 97 11.60 11.80 2,204 2,183 99 North Carolina .....: 430 420 98 10.50 10.50 4,515 4,410 98 : Ohio ...............: 96 95 99 11.00 10.40 1,056 988 94 Oklahoma ...........: 205 210 102 10.40 10.10 2,132 2,121 99 Pennsylvania .......: 53 48 91 11.00 11.10 583 533 91 South Dakota .......: 141 138 98 12.10 11.90 1,706 1,642 96 Texas ..............: 68 71 104 10.35 10.10 704 717 102 Utah ...............: 40 44 110 11.00 10.10 440 444 101 : Other States 2/ ....: 209 200 96 10.51 10.59 2,197 2,118 96 : United States ......: 3,068 3,041 99 11.00 10.94 33,745 33,270 99 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Number of pigs born December-February that were still on hand March 1, or had been sold. 2/ Individual State estimates not available for the 34 Other States. Sows Farrowing, Pigs per Litter, and Pig Crop - States and United States: March-May 2019-2021 [May not add due to rounding] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Sows farrowing : Pigs per litter : Pig crop 1/ :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : 2021 as : : : : : 2020 as : 2019 : 2020 : 2021 3/ : percent : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 : percent : : : : of 2020 : : : : : of 2019 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : --------- 1,000 head -------- percent ----- number ---- --- 1,000 head --- percent : Colorado ...........: 78 74 72 97 10.70 10.10 835 747 89 Illinois ...........: 275 275 285 104 10.75 10.80 2,956 2,970 100 Indiana ............: 120 125 125 100 10.70 10.60 1,284 1,325 103 Iowa ...............: 530 500 510 102 11.45 11.40 6,069 5,700 94 Kansas .............: 86 89 84 94 10.70 10.70 920 952 103 Michigan ...........: 54 54 57 106 11.00 10.60 594 572 96 Minnesota ..........: 295 290 270 93 11.85 11.60 3,496 3,364 96 Missouri ...........: 242 255 230 90 10.65 11.00 2,577 2,805 109 Nebraska ...........: 200 200 190 95 11.50 11.10 2,300 2,220 97 North Carolina .....: 460 460 430 93 10.50 10.60 4,830 4,876 101 : Ohio ...............: 98 96 100 104 11.20 11.10 1,098 1,066 97 Oklahoma ...........: 215 215 210 98 10.55 10.80 2,268 2,322 102 Pennsylvania .......: 54 57 52 91 11.10 11.10 599 633 106 South Dakota .......: 123 139 139 100 11.95 12.30 1,470 1,710 116 Texas ..............: 66 68 66 97 10.50 11.00 693 748 108 Utah ...............: 43 43 44 102 10.70 10.80 460 464 101 : Other States 2/ ....: 193 209 206 99 10.37 10.39 2,006 2,170 108 : United States ......: 3,132 3,149 3,070 97 11.00 11.00 34,455 34,644 101 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Number of pigs born March-May that were still on hand June 1, or had been sold. 2/ Individual State estimates not available for the 34 Other States. 3/ Intentions. Sows Farrowing, Pigs per Litter, and Pig Crop - States and United States: June-August 2019-2021 [May not add due to rounding] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Sows farrowing : Pigs per litter : Pig crop 1/ :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : 2021 as : : : : : 2020 as State : 2019 : 2020 : 2021 3/ : percent : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 : percent : : : : of 2020 : : : : : of 2019 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------- 1,000 head ------ percent ---- number --- -- 1,000 head -- percent : Colorado ........: 79 79 73 92 10.70 10.00 845 790 93 Illinois ........: 290 290 290 100 10.95 10.70 3,176 3,103 98 Indiana .........: 120 125 130 104 11.00 11.30 1,320 1,413 107 Iowa ............: 550 560 510 91 11.35 11.30 6,243 6,328 101 Kansas ..........: 90 88 84 95 10.90 10.70 981 942 96 Michigan ........: 55 54 54 100 11.10 11.40 611 616 101 Minnesota .......: 300 310 270 87 11.95 11.90 3,585 3,689 103 Missouri ........: 260 255 245 96 11.10 11.20 2,886 2,856 99 Nebraska ........: 194 180 190 106 11.65 11.70 2,260 2,106 93 North Carolina ..: 500 490 440 90 10.50 10.50 5,250 5,145 98 : Ohio ............: 102 108 105 97 11.30 10.50 1,153 1,134 98 Oklahoma ........: 230 215 215 100 10.90 10.80 2,507 2,322 93 Pennsylvania ....: 51 56 50 89 11.30 11.10 576 622 108 South Dakota ....: 129 143 138 97 11.85 12.20 1,529 1,745 114 Texas ...........: 71 61 72 118 10.90 10.60 774 647 84 Utah ............: 44 43 45 105 11.00 11.00 484 473 98 : Other States 2/ .: 209 203 213 105 10.47 10.46 2,190 2,125 97 : United States ...: 3,274 3,260 3,124 96 11.11 11.06 36,370 36,056 99 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Number of pigs born June-August that were still on hand September 1, or had been sold. 2/ Individual State estimates not available for the 34 Other States. 3/ Intentions. Sows Farrowing, Pigs per Litter, and Pig Crop - States and United States: September-November 2019 and 2020 [May not add due to rounding] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Sows Farrowing : Pigs per litter : Pig crop 1/ :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : 2020 as : : : : : 2020 as State : 2019 : 2020 : percent : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 : percent : : : of 2019 : : : : : of 2019 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : --- 1,000 head -- percent ----- number ---- --- 1,000 head --- percent : Colorado ...........: 75 73 97 10.60 10.00 795 730 92 Illinois ...........: 280 295 105 10.95 10.80 3,066 3,186 104 Indiana ............: 120 125 104 10.50 11.00 1,260 1,375 109 Iowa ...............: 510 560 110 11.35 11.30 5,789 6,328 109 Kansas .............: 92 85 92 10.75 10.70 989 910 92 Michigan ...........: 56 56 100 10.85 11.50 608 644 106 Minnesota ..........: 300 290 97 11.90 11.85 3,570 3,437 96 Missouri ...........: 265 240 91 11.10 11.10 2,942 2,664 91 Nebraska ...........: 190 190 100 11.70 11.70 2,223 2,223 100 North Carolina .....: 470 440 94 10.55 10.50 4,959 4,620 93 : Ohio ...............: 103 105 102 11.40 10.60 1,174 1,113 95 Oklahoma ...........: 220 210 95 10.85 10.70 2,387 2,247 94 Pennsylvania .......: 57 52 91 11.20 11.00 638 572 90 South Dakota .......: 138 139 101 12.00 12.20 1,656 1,696 102 Texas ..............: 67 64 96 10.40 9.80 697 627 90 Utah ...............: 41 41 100 11.50 10.90 472 447 95 : Other States 2/ ....: 213 199 94 10.51 10.78 2,234 2,145 96 : United States ......: 3,197 3,164 99 11.09 11.05 35,459 34,964 99 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Number of pigs born September-November that were still on hand December 1, or had been sold. 2/ Individual State estimates not available for the 34 Other States. Statistical Methodology Survey Procedures: A random sample of roughly 4,900 United States producers was surveyed to provide data for these estimates. Survey procedures ensured that all hog and pig producers, regardless of size, had a chance to be included in the survey. Large operations were sampled more heavily than small operations. During the first half of March 2021, data were collected from about 3,200 operations, 65.6 percent of the total sample. The data collected were received by electronic data reporting, mail, and telephone. Regardless of when operations responded, they were asked to report inventories as of March 1, 2021. Estimating Procedures: Hogs and pigs estimates were prepared by the Agricultural Statistics Board after reviewing recommendations and analysis submitted by each regional field office. National and State survey data were reviewed for reasonableness with each other and with estimates from past years using a balance sheet. The balance sheet begins with the previous inventory estimate, adds the estimates of births and imports, and subtracts the estimates of slaughter, exports, and deaths. This indicated ending inventory level is compared to the Agricultural Statistics Board estimate for reasonableness. Revision Policy: Revisions to previous estimates are made to improve quarter to quarter relationships. Estimates for the previous four quarters are subject to revision when current estimates are made. In December, estimates for all quarters of the current and previous year are reviewed. The reviews are primarily based on hog check-off receipts and slaughter. Estimates will also be reviewed after data from the Department of Agriculture five-year Census of Agriculture are available. No revisions will be made after that date. Reliability: Since all operations raising hogs are not included in the sample, survey estimates are subject to sampling variability. Survey results are also subject to non-sampling errors such as omissions, duplication, and mistakes in reporting, recording, and processing the data. The effects of these errors cannot be measured directly. They are minimized through rigid quality controls in the data collection process and through a careful review of all reported data for consistency and reasonableness. To assist users in evaluating the reliability of the estimates in this report, the "Root Mean Square Error" is shown for selected items in the following table. The "Root Mean Square Error" is a statistical measure based on past performance and is computed using the difference between first and final estimates. The "Root Mean Square Error" for hog inventory estimates over the past 20 quarters is 1.1 percent. This means that chances are 2 out of 3 that the final estimate will not be above or below the current estimate of 74.8 million head by more than 1.1 percent. Chances are 9 out of 10 that the difference will not exceed 1.9 percent. Reliability of Quarterly Hog Estimates [Based on data for the previous 20 quarters] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Root mean : 90 percent : Difference between first and latest estimate : square error : confidence : : : : : : : level :------------------------------------------------------------- Item : : : : : : Quarters : : : : : :------------------------------- : : : Average :Smallest : Largest : Below latest : Above latest -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent percent --------- 1,000 -------- ----- number ----- : All hogs and pigs ............: 1.1 1.9 685 60 2,270 8 12 : Pig crop .....................: 1.6 2.8 431 9 1,064 10 10 : Expected farrowings : : Second intentions ..........: 2.3 4.0 56 2 137 16 4 : First intentions ...........: 2.3 4.0 57 2 145 15 5 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Records by Quarter - United States: 1866 to Present [This table provides data users with record high estimates of all hogs and pigs, market hogs, pig crop, and pigs per litter since each data series began] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Item : Estimate : Record high : Series began ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 head year year : All hogs and pigs ............: March 1 ....................: 76,179 2020 1988 June 1 .....................: 77,364 2020 1964 September 1 ................: 78,583 2019 1988 December 1 .................: 83,741 1943 1866 : Market .......................: March 1 ....................: 69,804 2020 1988 June 1 .....................: 71,038 2020 1964 September 1 ................: 72,153 2019 1988 December 1 .................: 71,757 2019 1963 : Pig crop .....................: December-February1/ ........: 33,745 2020 1970 March-May ..................: 34,644 2020 1970 June-August ................: 36,370 2019 1970 September-November .........: 35,459 2019 1970 : : number year year : Pigs per litter ..............: December-February1/ ........: 11.00 2020 1970 March-May ..................: 11.00 2020 1970 June-August ................: 11.11 2019 1970 September-November .........: 11.09 2019 1970 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ December preceding year. Information Contacts Listed below are the commodity specialists in the Livestock Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to nass@usda.gov. Travis Averill, Chief, Livestock Branch ......... (202) 692-0069 Scott Hollis, Head, Livestock Section ........... (202) 690-2424 Sherry Bertramsen - Livestock Slaughter ...... (202) 690-8632 Ryan Cowen - Cattle, Cattle on Feed .......... (202) 720-3040 Logan Hartley - Sheep and Goats .............. (202) 690-3236 Mike Miller - Milk Production and Milk Cows .. (202) 720-3278 Suzanne Richards - Dairy Products ............ (202) 720-4448 Seth Riggins - Hogs and Pigs ................. 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