Fats and Oils: Oilseed Crushings, Production, Consumption and Stocks ISSN: 2379-9862 Released July 1, 2025, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Highlights April 2025 contained 30 days. May 2025 contained 31 days. Soybeans crushed for crude oil was 6.11 million tons (204 million bushels) in May 2025, compared with 6.07 million tons (202 million bushels) in April 2025 and 5.75 million tons (192 million bushels) in May 2024. Crude oil produced was 2.42 billion pounds, up 1 percent from April 2025 and up 7 percent from May 2024. Soybean once refined oil production at 1.92 billion pounds during May 2025 increased 10 percent from April 2025 and increased 7 percent from May 2024. Canola seeds crushed for crude oil was 107,840 tons in May 2025, compared with 161,022 tons in April 2025 and 143,469 tons in May 2024. Canola crude oil produced was 84 million pounds, down 35 percent from April 2025 and down 28 percent from May 2024. Canola once refined oil production, at 93 million pounds during May 2025, was down 31 percent from April 2025 and down 19 percent from May 2024. Cottonseed once refined oil production, at 29.1 million pounds during May 2025, was up 18 percent from April 2025 but down 6 percent from May 2024. Edible tallow production was 95.4 million pounds during May 2025, up 8 percent from April 2025 and up 8 percent from May 2024. Inedible tallow production was 323 million pounds during May 2025, up 3 percent from April 2025 and up 1 percent from May 2024. Technical tallow production was 122 million pounds during May 2025, up 5 percent from April 2025 but down 7 percent from May 2024. Choice white grease production, at 108 million pounds during May 2025, increased 3 percent from April 2025 and increased 15 percent from May 2024. Soybean Crushing, Production, Consumption and Stocks - United States: May 2025 with Comparisons ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Item : May 2024 : April 2025 : May 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Crush : Soybeans crushed........................................tons: 5,748,779 6,071,540 6,111,115 Crude oil produced..............................1,000 pounds: 2,267,166 2,402,879 2,415,507 Cake and meal produced..................................tons: 4,222,387 4,508,938 4,522,401 For animal feed.......................................tons: 4,164,017 4,433,335 4,447,752 For edible protein products...........................tons: 58,370 75,603 74,649 Millfeed produced.......................................tons: 284,506 304,903 310,209 : Refine : Crude oil processed in refining.................1,000 pounds: 1,825,200 1,793,564 1,970,542 Once refined oil produced.......................1,000 pounds: 1,788,504 1,745,629 1,916,602 : Consumption : Crude oil removed for inedible use in processing1,000 pounds: (D) (D) (D) Once refined oil removed for use in processing..1,000 pounds: 1,789,951 1,816,163 1,876,886 Removed for edible use in processing..........1,000 pounds: 1,248,851 1,151,593 1,175,903 Removed for inedible use in processing........1,000 pounds: 541,100 664,570 700,983 : Stocks : Cake and meal on hand end of month......................tons: 298,378 390,343 406,557 Millfeed on hand end of month...........................tons: 44,983 38,580 48,117 Crude oil on hand end of month..................1,000 pounds: 1,733,813 1,527,390 1,406,376 Crusher.......................................1,000 pounds: 957,625 869,563 834,978 Refiner.......................................1,000 pounds: 256,978 368,639 336,432 Offsite.......................................1,000 pounds: 519,210 289,188 234,966 Once refined oil on hand end of month...........1,000 pounds: 454,069 448,450 469,550 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Soybean Crushing - Regional: May 2025 with Comparisons ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Soybeans crushed :-------------------------------------------------------------------- Region : May 2024 : April 2025 : May 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : tons : Illinois....................: 567,872 628,927 643,549 Iowa........................: 1,296,077 1,331,350 1,303,682 North and East 1/ ..........: 1,362,485 1,351,860 1,334,313 North Central 2/ ...........: 1,081,852 1,041,654 1,138,781 South, West and Pacific 3/ .: 614,553 635,744 551,218 West Central 4/ ............: 825,940 1,082,005 1,139,572 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Crude oil produced :-------------------------------------------------------------------- Region : May 2024 : April 2025 : May 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 pounds : Illinois....................: 227,743 252,234 261,846 Iowa........................: 511,780 530,493 519,557 North and East 1/ ..........: 533,634 536,632 527,837 North Central 2/ ...........: 427,651 409,362 447,128 South, West and Pacific 3/ .: 243,433 245,074 215,388 West Central 4/ ............: 322,925 429,084 443,751 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Crude oil stocks at crusher :-------------------------------------------------------------------- Region : May 2024 : April 2025 : May 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 pounds : Illinois....................: 126,314 91,926 109,419 Iowa........................: 175,699 114,687 108,914 North and East 1/ ..........: 265,951 224,263 191,071 North Central 2/ ...........: 204,527 228,055 225,065 South, West and Pacific 3/ .: 59,688 60,808 61,556 West Central 4/ ............: 125,446 149,824 138,953 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Cake and meal produced :-------------------------------------------------------------------- Region : May 2024 : April 2025 : May 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : tons : Illinois....................: 408,678 458,741 469,214 Iowa........................: 954,668 1,004,092 974,956 North and East 1/ ..........: 990,562 993,844 975,637 North Central 2/ ...........: 805,857 778,138 856,557 South, West and Pacific 3/ .: 448,374 468,151 394,886 West Central 4/ ............: 614,248 805,972 851,151 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Cake and meal stocks :-------------------------------------------------------------------- Region : May 2024 : April 2025 : May 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : tons : Illinois....................: 24,580 30,357 47,307 Iowa........................: 77,052 56,816 66,313 North and East 1/ ..........: 80,577 118,495 107,577 North Central 2/ ...........: 55,663 76,467 80,773 South, West and Pacific 3/ .: 25,789 56,496 55,239 West Central 4/ ............: 34,717 51,712 49,348 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ North and East includes Indiana, Kentucky, Maryland, Ohio, Pennsylvania and Virginia. 2/ North Central includes Michigan, Minnesota, North Dakota and South Dakota. 3/ South, West, and Pacific includes Alabama, Arkansas, California, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina and South Carolina. 4/ West Central includes Kansas, Missouri and Nebraska. Selected Oilseed Crushing, Production, Consumption and Stocks - United States: May 2025 with Comparisons ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Item : May 2024 : April 2025 : May 2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Canola : Crush : Seeds crushed.............................................tons: 143,469 161,022 107,840 Crude oil produced................................1,000 pounds: 116,521 128,629 83,501 Cake and meal produced....................................tons: 83,246 98,077 63,758 Refine : Crude oil processed in refining...................1,000 pounds: 119,536 138,795 96,333 Once refined oil produced.........................1,000 pounds: 115,154 134,546 92,939 Consumption : Crude oil removed for inedible use in processing..1,000 pounds: (D) (D) (D) Once refined oil removed for use in processing....1,000 pounds: 117,529 144,843 105,952 Removed for edible use in processing............1,000 pounds: (D) (D) (D) Removed for inedible use in processing..........1,000 pounds: (D) (D) (D) Stocks : Cake and meal on hand end of month........................tons: 24,892 31,502 21,335 Crude oil on hand end of month....................1,000 pounds: 51,296 28,856 34,060 Once refined oil on hand end of month.............1,000 pounds: 94,710 102,425 87,168 : Cottonseed : Crush : Seeds crushed.............................................tons: 99,610 79,026 89,222 Crude oil produced................................1,000 pounds: 28,123 22,241 22,245 Cake and meal produced....................................tons: 45,679 33,825 34,352 Refine : Crude oil processed in refining...................1,000 pounds: 31,696 25,518 29,708 Once refined oil produced.........................1,000 pounds: 30,854 24,735 29,065 Consumption : Crude oil removed for inedible use in processing..1,000 pounds: (D) (D) (D) Once refined oil removed for use in processing....1,000 pounds: 35,612 31,457 38,660 Removed for edible use in processing............1,000 pounds: (D) (D) (D) Removed for inedible use in processing..........1,000 pounds: (D) (D) (D) Stocks : Cake and meal on hand end of month........................tons: 26,066 37,264 36,451 Crude oil on hand end of month....................1,000 pounds: (D) (D) (D) Once refined oil on hand end of month.............1,000 pounds: 41,660 34,287 37,653 : Coconut : Refine : Crude oil processed in refining...................1,000 pounds: 34,101 34,916 29,833 Once refined oil produced.........................1,000 pounds: 33,567 34,692 29,717 Consumption : Crude oil removed for inedible use in processing..1,000 pounds: (D) (D) (D) Once refined oil removed for use in processing....1,000 pounds: 41,950 43,081 40,589 Removed for edible use in processing............1,000 pounds: (D) (D) (D) Removed for inedible use in processing..........1,000 pounds: (D) (D) (D) Stocks : Crude oil on hand end of month....................1,000 pounds: 108,947 82,452 62,835 Once refined oil on hand end of month.............1,000 pounds: 52,385 (D) (D) : Corn : Crush : Crude oil produced................................1,000 pounds: 155,301 150,633 147,317 Refine : Crude oil processed in refining...................1,000 pounds: 175,786 131,705 162,044 Once refined oil produced.........................1,000 pounds: 171,028 126,742 157,604 Consumption : Crude oil removed for inedible use in processing..1,000 pounds: (D) (D) (D) Once refined oil removed for use in processing....1,000 pounds: 143,486 131,212 144,297 Removed for edible use in processing............1,000 pounds: (D) (D) (D) Removed for inedible use in processing..........1,000 pounds: (D) (D) (D) Stocks : Crude oil on hand end of month....................1,000 pounds: 92,210 82,361 83,849 Once refined oil on hand end of month.............1,000 pounds: (D) 64,620 72,134 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Selected Oilseed Crushing, Production, Consumption and Stocks - United States: May 2025 with Comparisons (continued) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Item : May 2024 : April 2025 : May 2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Palm kernel : Consumption : Once refined oil removed for use in processing....1,000 pounds: 41,345 31,553 35,653 Removed for edible use in processing............1,000 pounds: (D) (D) (D) Removed for inedible use in processing..........1,000 pounds: (D) (D) (D) Stocks : Once refined oil on hand end of month.............1,000 pounds: 62,100 99,349 112,407 : Palm : Consumption : Once refined oil removed for use in processing....1,000 pounds: 182,642 161,871 178,237 Removed for edible use in processing............1,000 pounds: 180,986 (D) (D) Removed for inedible use in processing..........1,000 pounds: (D) (D) (D) Stocks : Once refined oil on hand end of month.............1,000 pounds: 304,871 308,286 282,445 : Peanut : Refine : Crude oil processed in refining...................1,000 pounds: 24,691 22,474 22,086 Once refined oil produced.........................1,000 pounds: 24,033 21,964 21,604 Consumption : Crude oil removed for inedible use in processing..1,000 pounds: (D) (D) (D) Once refined oil removed for use in processing....1,000 pounds: 23,938 21,952 19,650 Removed for edible use in processing............1,000 pounds: (D) (D) (D) Removed for inedible use in processing..........1,000 pounds: (D) (D) (D) Stocks : Crude oil on hand end of month....................1,000 pounds: 18,524 13,907 18,482 Once refined oil on hand end of month.............1,000 pounds: (D) (D) (D) : Safflower : Refine : Crude oil processed in refining...................1,000 pounds: (D) (D) (D) Once refined oil produced.........................1,000 pounds: (D) (D) (D) Consumption : Crude oil removed for inedible use in processing..1,000 pounds: (D) - (D) Once refined oil removed for use in processing....1,000 pounds: 3,847 10,162 8,122 Removed for edible use in processing............1,000 pounds: (D) (D) (D) Removed for inedible use in processing..........1,000 pounds: (D) (D) (D) Stocks : Crude oil on hand end of month....................1,000 pounds: 4,010 4,935 5,990 Once refined oil on hand end of month.............1,000 pounds: (D) (D) (D) : Sunflower : Refine : Crude oil processed in refining...................1,000 pounds: (D) 36,664 15,259 Once refined oil produced.........................1,000 pounds: (D) 35,811 14,920 Consumption : Crude oil removed for inedible use in processing..1,000 pounds: (D) (D) - Once refined oil removed for use in processing....1,000 pounds: 24,755 35,743 20,131 Removed for edible use in processing............1,000 pounds: (D) (D) (D) Removed for inedible use in processing..........1,000 pounds: (D) (D) (D) Stocks : Crude oil on hand end of month....................1,000 pounds: (D) 15,379 18,989 Once refined oil on hand end of month.............1,000 pounds: 19,068 25,658 18,128 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Animal Fats and Oils Production, Consumption and Stocks - United States: May 2025 with Comparisons ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Item : May 2024 : April 2025 : May 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 pounds : Choice white grease : Production................................................: 93,367 104,584 107,514 Removed for inedible use..................................: 95,663 105,542 106,545 Stocks on hand end of month...............................: 13,428 6,818 7,787 Feather meal : Production................................................: 94,433 79,440 94,869 Stocks on hand end of month...............................: 20,352 18,235 19,394 Lard : Production................................................: 18,895 23,692 25,183 Removed for use in processing.............................: 20,706 24,044 27,928 Removed for edible use in processing....................: (D) (D) (D) Removed for inedible use in processing..................: (D) (D) (D) Stocks on hand end of month...............................: (D) 13,584 14,052 Meat meal, meat and bone meal, and dry rendered tankage : Production................................................: 393,198 397,752 419,191 Stocks on hand end of month...............................: 51,107 47,453 47,459 Other grease : Production................................................: 19,425 17,150 17,847 Removed for inedible use in processing....................: 20,421 19,951 16,330 Stocks on hand end of month...............................: (D) (D) (D) Poultry fats : Production................................................: 196,414 160,609 193,278 Removed for inedible use in processing....................: 197,587 156,528 191,352 Stocks on hand end of month...............................: 31,475 37,016 38,941 Poultry by-product meals : Production................................................: 348,366 310,867 360,088 Stocks on hand end of month...............................: 119,446 107,098 110,682 Tallow, edible : Production................................................: 87,971 88,295 95,370 Removed for use in processing.............................: 90,246 88,703 93,623 Removed for edible use in processing....................: (D) (D) (D) Removed for inedible use in processing..................: (D) (D) (D) Stocks on hand end of month...............................: 8,309 9,797 11,668 Tallow, inedible : Production................................................: 320,503 311,927 322,825 Removed for inedible use in processing....................: 313,448 325,879 309,399 Stocks on hand end of month...............................: 85,344 (D) (D) Tallow, technical : Production................................................: 131,231 116,221 122,167 Removed for inedible use in processing....................: 129,083 117,195 121,654 Stocks on hand end of month...............................: 5,894 (D) (D) Yellow grease : Production................................................: (D) (D) (D) Removed for inedible use in processing....................: (D) (D) (D) Stocks on hand end of month...............................: (D) (D) (D) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Statistical Methodology Survey Procedures: Fats and Oils: Oilseed Crushings, Production, Consumption and Stocks is part of the Current Agricultural Industrial Reports (CAIR) program. CAIR reports are administered under NASS's Census of Agriculture program. Response to CAIR surveys are required by law (Title 7, U.S. Code). Animal and vegetable fats and oils data are collected from all known facilities that crush, refine or render. Crushing facilities include processors that use either solvent extraction or continuous screw press. The census universe was determined during operation profile interviews which were completed for each potential facility to identify the presence of rendering, oilseeds crushing, and crude oil refining in 2014. In the Animal and Vegetable Fats and Oils survey questionnaire, facilities are asked for previous calendar month data on oilseed crushing, crude oil production, once refined oil production, rendering production, and end of month stocks. Facilities are mailed questionnaires with the options of completing the survey by mail or by Electronic Data Reporting (EDR). For surveys not received in a reasonable amount of time, telephone follow-up is conducted. Estimating Procedures: Imputation is done for operations with non-response by using historical data and current data relationships. Data for reporting firms are added to estimates for non-reporting firms to obtain National totals. Revision Policy: Data are revised the following month based on late reports or corrected data. Final figures are published in the annual summary of the following year. Reliability: Survey data are based on a census of all known facilities and therefore, have no sampling variability. Monthly data can vary due to different firms reporting month to month. Survey data are also subject to non-sampling errors such as omissions and mistakes in reporting and in processing the data. While these errors cannot be measured directly, they are minimized by carefully reviewing all reported data for consistency and reasonableness. Information Contacts Listed below are the commodity statisticians in the Crops Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to nass@usda.gov. Anthony Prillaman, Acting Chief, Crops Branch............................................................ (202) 720-2127 Chris Hawthorn, Head, Field Crops Section (202) 720-2127 Joshua Bates - Asparagus, Hemp, Maple Syrup, Soybeans (202) 690-3234 Natasha Bruton - Cotton System Consumption and Stocks, Grain Crushings, Fats and Oils, Flour Milling Products, Broccoli, Cauliflower, Plums, Prunes (202) 690-1042 Noemi Guindin - Crop Progress and Condition, Kiwifruit (202) 720-2127 Michelle Harder - Hay, Kale, Peanuts, Raspberries................................................... (202) 690-8533 Deonne Holiday - Almonds, Carrots, Coffee, Cranberries, Garlic, Onions Proso Millet, Rye, Tobacco..................................................................... (202) 720-4288 Bret Holliman - Apricots, Barley, Chickpeas, Nectarines, Peaches, Snap Beans, Tomatoes (202) 720-7235 James Johanson - Dry Edible Beans, Lettuce, Macadamias, Wheat (202) 720-8068 Greg Lemmons - Beets, Corn, Flaxseed, Pears, Rice, Sweet Corn (202) 720-9526 Krishna Rizal - Artichokes, Celery, Grapefruit, Lemons, Mandarins and tangerines, Mint, Mushrooms, Olives, Oranges, Pistachios................................................... (202) 720-5412 Chris Singh - Apples, Cucumbers, Hazelnuts, Potatoes, Pumpkins, Squash, Sugarbeets, Sugarcane, Sweet Potatoes (202) 720-4285 Becky Sommer - Cabbage, Cotton, Cotton Ginnings, Sorghum, Walnuts, Strawberries (202) 720-5944 Travis Thorson - Blueberries, Canola, Mustard Seed, Rapeseed, Safflower, Spinach, Sunflower............................................................................. (202) 720-7369 Antonio Torres - Cantaloupes, Dry Edible Peas, Grapes, Green Peas, Honeydews, Lentils, Oats, Sweet Cherries, Tart Cherries, Watermelons........................... (202) 720-2157 Chris Wallace - Avocados, Bell Peppers, Chile Peppers, Dates, Floriculture, Hops, Papayas, Pecans.......................................................................... (202) 720-4215 Access to NASS Reports For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways: All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: www.nass.usda.gov. 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