Fats and Oils: Oilseed Crushings, Production, Consumption and Stocks ISSN: 2379-9862 Released May 1, 2025, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Highlights February 2025 contained 28 days. March 2025 contained 31 days. Soybeans crushed for crude oil was 6.20 million tons (207 million bushels) in March 2025, compared with 5.69 million tons (190 million bushels) in February 2025 and 6.11 million tons (204 million bushels) in March 2024. Crude oil produced was 2.47 billion pounds, up 10 percent from February 2025 and up 3 percent from March 2024. Soybean once refined oil production at 1.88 billion pounds during March 2025 increased 16 percent from February 2025 and increased 5 percent from March 2024. Canola seeds crushed for crude oil was 200,953 tons in March 2025, compared with 154,734 tons in February 2025 and 190,641 tons in March 2024. Canola crude oil produced was 160 million pounds, up 33 percent from February 2025 and up 6 percent from March 2024. Canola once refined oil production, at 173 million pounds during March 2025, was up 34 percent from February 2025 and up 11 percent from March 2024. Cottonseed once refined oil production, at 31.8 million pounds during March 2025, was up less than 1 percent from February 2025 but down 19 percent from March 2024. Edible tallow production was 80.9 million pounds during March 2025, down 13 percent from February 2025 and down 12 percent from March 2024. Inedible tallow production was 338 million pounds during March 2025, down 2 percent from February 2025 and down 5 percent from March 2024. Technical tallow production was 126 million pounds during March 2025, down less than 1 percent from February 2025 but up 12 percent from March 2024. Choice white grease production, at 100 million pounds during March 2025, decreased 8 percent from February 2025 and decreased 9 percent from March 2024. Soybean Crushing, Production, Consumption and Stocks - United States: March 2025 with Comparisons ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Item : March 2024 : February 2025 : March 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Crush : Soybeans crushed........................................tons: 6,106,056 5,687,304 6,197,177 Crude oil produced..............................1,000 pounds: 2,403,796 2,245,190 2,473,121 Cake and meal produced..................................tons: 4,485,471 4,206,736 4,605,680 For animal feed.......................................tons: 4,426,590 4,131,976 4,519,939 For edible protein products...........................tons: 58,881 74,760 85,741 Millfeed produced.......................................tons: 307,564 297,779 311,998 : Refine : Crude oil processed in refining.................1,000 pounds: 1,827,030 1,657,516 1,929,858 Once refined oil produced.......................1,000 pounds: 1,791,949 1,612,586 1,876,913 : Consumption : Crude oil removed for inedible use in processing1,000 pounds: 163,074 173,505 (D) Once refined oil removed for use in processing..1,000 pounds: 1,756,125 1,635,522 1,793,221 Removed for edible use in processing..........1,000 pounds: 1,233,543 1,083,189 1,211,486 Removed for inedible use in processing........1,000 pounds: 522,582 552,333 581,735 : Stocks : Cake and meal on hand end of month......................tons: 495,202 435,851 378,839 Millfeed on hand end of month...........................tons: 64,513 35,880 44,226 Crude oil on hand end of month..................1,000 pounds: 1,871,857 1,476,917 1,550,943 Crusher.......................................1,000 pounds: 1,098,420 833,304 831,068 Refiner.......................................1,000 pounds: 287,708 347,869 (D) Offsite.......................................1,000 pounds: 485,729 295,744 (D) Once refined oil on hand end of month...........1,000 pounds: 496,710 446,699 527,980 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Soybean Crushing - Regional: March 2025 with Comparisons ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Soybeans crushed :-------------------------------------------------------------------- Region : March 2024 : February 2025 : March 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : tons : Illinois....................: 661,731 512,114 607,551 Iowa........................: 1,323,677 1,291,777 1,407,970 North and East 1/ ..........: 1,403,497 1,272,385 1,328,499 North Central 2/ ...........: 1,089,165 1,066,893 1,139,676 South, West and Pacific 3/ .: 692,847 541,402 602,147 West Central 4/ ............: 935,139 1,002,733 1,111,334 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Crude oil produced :-------------------------------------------------------------------- Region : March 2024 : February 2025 : March 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 pounds : Illinois....................: 266,242 205,197 248,253 Iowa........................: 527,043 516,394 567,657 North and East 1/ ..........: 545,415 493,816 524,324 North Central 2/ ...........: 425,138 416,486 447,618 South, West and Pacific 3/ .: 267,860 209,165 234,042 West Central 4/ ............: 372,098 404,132 451,227 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Crude oil stocks at crusher :-------------------------------------------------------------------- Region : March 2024 : February 2025 : March 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 pounds : Illinois....................: 169,518 122,933 129,505 Iowa........................: 193,078 126,245 130,210 North and East 1/ ..........: 281,879 221,495 202,352 North Central 2/ ...........: 232,003 184,921 174,603 South, West and Pacific 3/ .: 73,465 45,590 44,435 West Central 4/ ............: 148,477 132,120 149,963 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Cake and meal produced :-------------------------------------------------------------------- Region : March 2024 : February 2025 : March 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : tons : Illinois....................: 467,111 368,750 444,653 Iowa........................: 979,975 966,563 1,060,658 North and East 1/ ..........: 1,028,511 934,189 974,443 North Central 2/ ...........: 806,638 799,460 856,155 South, West and Pacific 3/ .: 506,447 391,371 436,533 West Central 4/ ............: 696,789 746,403 833,238 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Cake and meal stocks :-------------------------------------------------------------------- Region : March 2024 : February 2025 : March 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : tons : Illinois....................: 71,701 78,953 47,462 Iowa........................: 97,429 65,789 61,739 North and East 1/ ..........: 88,100 114,764 94,671 North Central 2/ ...........: 94,047 84,883 76,822 South, West and Pacific 3/ .: 64,976 45,159 32,610 West Central 4/ ............: 78,949 46,303 65,535 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ North and East includes Indiana, Kentucky, Maryland, Ohio, Pennsylvania and Virginia. 2/ North Central includes Michigan, Minnesota, North Dakota and South Dakota. 3/ South, West, and Pacific includes Alabama, Arkansas, California, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina and South Carolina. 4/ West Central includes Kansas, Missouri and Nebraska. Selected Oilseed Crushing, Production, Consumption and Stocks - United States: March 2025 with Comparisons ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Item : March 2024 : February 2025 : March 2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Canola : Crush : Seeds crushed.............................................tons: 190,641 154,734 200,953 Crude oil produced................................1,000 pounds: 150,165 120,587 159,841 Cake and meal produced....................................tons: 109,939 93,248 120,325 Refine : Crude oil processed in refining...................1,000 pounds: 159,788 132,622 178,088 Once refined oil produced.........................1,000 pounds: 154,757 129,195 172,517 Consumption : Crude oil removed for inedible use in processing..1,000 pounds: (D) (D) (D) Once refined oil removed for use in processing....1,000 pounds: 163,024 140,985 159,773 Removed for edible use in processing............1,000 pounds: (D) (D) (D) Removed for inedible use in processing..........1,000 pounds: (D) (D) (D) Stocks : Cake and meal on hand end of month........................tons: 24,474 28,361 31,770 Crude oil on hand end of month....................1,000 pounds: 58,931 54,367 34,860 Once refined oil on hand end of month.............1,000 pounds: 88,369 104,871 113,390 : Cottonseed : Crush : Seeds crushed.............................................tons: 132,168 116,922 95,081 Crude oil produced................................1,000 pounds: 36,934 29,390 24,490 Cake and meal produced....................................tons: 53,340 54,219 42,136 Refine : Crude oil processed in refining...................1,000 pounds: 40,686 32,543 32,734 Once refined oil produced.........................1,000 pounds: 39,524 31,785 31,836 Consumption : Crude oil removed for inedible use in processing..1,000 pounds: (D) (D) (D) Once refined oil removed for use in processing....1,000 pounds: 34,129 32,698 29,816 Removed for edible use in processing............1,000 pounds: (D) (D) (D) Removed for inedible use in processing..........1,000 pounds: (D) (D) (D) Stocks : Cake and meal on hand end of month........................tons: 20,410 45,627 38,003 Crude oil on hand end of month....................1,000 pounds: (D) (D) (D) Once refined oil on hand end of month.............1,000 pounds: 49,068 36,364 40,897 : Coconut : Refine : Crude oil processed in refining...................1,000 pounds: 21,820 41,333 36,763 Once refined oil produced.........................1,000 pounds: 21,467 41,165 36,498 Consumption : Crude oil removed for inedible use in processing..1,000 pounds: (D) (D) (D) Once refined oil removed for use in processing....1,000 pounds: 37,709 58,313 57,862 Removed for edible use in processing............1,000 pounds: (D) (D) (D) Removed for inedible use in processing..........1,000 pounds: (D) (D) (D) Stocks : Crude oil on hand end of month....................1,000 pounds: 63,340 94,244 68,254 Once refined oil on hand end of month.............1,000 pounds: 58,352 56,765 56,512 : Corn : Crush : Crude oil produced................................1,000 pounds: 153,561 140,056 156,259 Refine : Crude oil processed in refining...................1,000 pounds: 144,123 138,268 138,947 Once refined oil produced.........................1,000 pounds: 140,762 134,583 134,616 Consumption : Crude oil removed for inedible use in processing..1,000 pounds: (D) (D) (D) Once refined oil removed for use in processing....1,000 pounds: 105,633 116,906 116,705 Removed for edible use in processing............1,000 pounds: (D) (D) (D) Removed for inedible use in processing..........1,000 pounds: (D) (D) (D) Stocks : Crude oil on hand end of month....................1,000 pounds: 101,186 64,818 69,923 Once refined oil on hand end of month.............1,000 pounds: 74,074 64,374 72,518 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Selected Oilseed Crushing, Production, Consumption and Stocks - United States: March 2025 with Comparisons (continued) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Item : March 2024 : February 2025 : March 2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Palm kernel : Consumption : Once refined oil removed for use in processing....1,000 pounds: 36,105 32,778 35,393 Removed for edible use in processing............1,000 pounds: (D) (D) (D) Removed for inedible use in processing..........1,000 pounds: (D) (D) (D) Stocks : Once refined oil on hand end of month.............1,000 pounds: 87,191 76,360 77,432 : Palm : Consumption : Once refined oil removed for use in processing....1,000 pounds: 181,468 177,654 188,203 Removed for edible use in processing............1,000 pounds: 178,855 (D) (D) Removed for inedible use in processing..........1,000 pounds: 2,613 (D) (D) Stocks : Once refined oil on hand end of month.............1,000 pounds: 315,922 278,972 293,475 : Peanut : Refine : Crude oil processed in refining...................1,000 pounds: 15,901 26,312 14,728 Once refined oil produced.........................1,000 pounds: 15,031 25,098 14,396 Consumption : Crude oil removed for inedible use in processing..1,000 pounds: (D) (D) (D) Once refined oil removed for use in processing....1,000 pounds: 18,258 22,810 17,215 Removed for edible use in processing............1,000 pounds: (D) (D) (D) Removed for inedible use in processing..........1,000 pounds: (D) (D) (D) Stocks : Crude oil on hand end of month....................1,000 pounds: 21,633 9,137 16,941 Once refined oil on hand end of month.............1,000 pounds: (D) (D) (D) : Safflower : Refine : Crude oil processed in refining...................1,000 pounds: (D) (D) (D) Once refined oil produced.........................1,000 pounds: (D) (D) (D) Consumption : Crude oil removed for inedible use in processing..1,000 pounds: (D) (D) (D) Once refined oil removed for use in processing....1,000 pounds: 5,380 7,079 8,963 Removed for edible use in processing............1,000 pounds: (D) (D) (D) Removed for inedible use in processing..........1,000 pounds: (D) (D) (D) Stocks : Crude oil on hand end of month....................1,000 pounds: 3,503 4,193 5,243 Once refined oil on hand end of month.............1,000 pounds: (D) (D) (D) : Sunflower : Refine : Crude oil processed in refining...................1,000 pounds: 39,828 33,434 36,867 Once refined oil produced.........................1,000 pounds: 38,638 32,733 36,305 Consumption : Crude oil removed for inedible use in processing..1,000 pounds: (D) (D) (D) Once refined oil removed for use in processing....1,000 pounds: (D) 34,269 34,857 Removed for edible use in processing............1,000 pounds: (D) (D) (D) Removed for inedible use in processing..........1,000 pounds: (D) (D) (D) Stocks : Crude oil on hand end of month....................1,000 pounds: 34,289 17,422 21,945 Once refined oil on hand end of month.............1,000 pounds: 27,466 23,989 25,112 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Animal Fats and Oils Production, Consumption and Stocks - United States: March 2025 with Comparisons ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Item : March 2024 : February 2025 : March 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 pounds : Choice white grease : Production................................................: 109,828 108,755 99,641 Removed for inedible use..................................: 109,617 111,839 101,945 Stocks on hand end of month...............................: 6,484 7,206 12,003 Feather meal : Production................................................: 79,874 98,066 85,318 Stocks on hand end of month...............................: 17,190 18,032 14,335 Lard : Production................................................: 21,766 27,025 21,193 Removed for use in processing.............................: 22,301 25,725 24,373 Removed for edible use in processing....................: (D) (D) (D) Removed for inedible use in processing..................: (D) (D) (D) Stocks on hand end of month...............................: (D) 10,066 (D) Meat meal, meat and bone meal, and dry rendered tankage : Production................................................: 504,290 460,490 428,902 Stocks on hand end of month...............................: 52,464 50,045 50,400 Other grease : Production................................................: 23,110 22,239 27,003 Removed for inedible use in processing....................: 25,949 21,480 26,901 Stocks on hand end of month...............................: (D) (D) (D) Poultry fats : Production................................................: 170,818 202,186 171,939 Removed for inedible use in processing....................: 177,204 203,133 174,928 Stocks on hand end of month...............................: 27,029 36,078 33,089 Poultry by-product meals : Production................................................: 328,970 383,911 352,668 Stocks on hand end of month...............................: 101,929 97,313 101,888 Tallow, edible : Production................................................: 91,654 93,309 80,870 Removed for use in processing.............................: 86,039 93,304 81,960 Removed for edible use in processing....................: (D) (D) (D) Removed for inedible use in processing..................: (D) (D) (D) Stocks on hand end of month...............................: 22,087 10,865 9,901 Tallow, inedible : Production................................................: 355,531 345,356 337,732 Removed for inedible use in processing....................: 365,483 345,804 336,276 Stocks on hand end of month...............................: 78,085 (D) (D) Tallow, technical : Production................................................: 112,429 126,650 126,388 Removed for inedible use in processing....................: 113,149 125,198 129,918 Stocks on hand end of month...............................: (D) (D) 6,099 Yellow grease : Production................................................: (D) (D) (D) Removed for inedible use in processing....................: (D) (D) (D) Stocks on hand end of month...............................: (D) (D) (D) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Statistical Methodology Survey Procedures: Fats and Oils: Oilseed Crushings, Production, Consumption and Stocks is part of the Current Agricultural Industrial Reports (CAIR) program. CAIR reports are administered under NASS's Census of Agriculture program. Response to CAIR surveys are required by law (Title 7, U.S. Code). Animal and vegetable fats and oils data are collected from all known facilities that crush, refine or render. Crushing facilities include processors that use either solvent extraction or continuous screw press. The census universe was determined during operation profile interviews which were completed for each potential facility to identify the presence of rendering, oilseeds crushing, and crude oil refining in 2014. In the Animal and Vegetable Fats and Oils survey questionnaire, facilities are asked for previous calendar month data on oilseed crushing, crude oil production, once refined oil production, rendering production, and end of month stocks. Facilities are mailed questionnaires with the options of completing the survey by mail or by Electronic Data Reporting (EDR). For surveys not received in a reasonable amount of time, telephone follow-up is conducted. Estimating Procedures: Imputation is done for operations with non-response by using historical data and current data relationships. Data for reporting firms are added to estimates for non-reporting firms to obtain National totals. Revision Policy: Data are revised the following month based on late reports or corrected data. Final figures are published in the annual summary of the following year. Reliability: Survey data are based on a census of all known facilities and therefore, have no sampling variability. Monthly data can vary due to different firms reporting month to month. Survey data are also subject to non-sampling errors such as omissions and mistakes in reporting and in processing the data. While these errors cannot be measured directly, they are minimized by carefully reviewing all reported data for consistency and reasonableness. Information Contacts Listed below are the commodity statisticians in the Crops Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to nass@usda.gov. Anthony Prillaman, Acting Chief, Crops Branch........................................... (202) 720-2127 Chris Hawthorn, Head, Field Crops Section............................................... (202) 720-2127 Irwin Anolik - Crop Progress and Condition, Flaxseed, Mustardseed.................. (202) 720-7621 Joshua Bates - Hemp, Oats, Soybeans................................................ (202) 690-3234 Natasha Bruton - Barley, Cotton System Consumption and Stocks, Grain Crushings, Fats and Oils, Flour Milling Products......................................... (202) 690-1042 Michelle Harder - Hay, Peanuts..................................................... (202) 690-8533 James Johanson - Rye, Wheat........................................................ (202) 720-8068 Greg Lemmons - Corn, Proso Millet, Rice............................................ (202) 720-9526 Becky Sommer - Cotton, Cotton Ginnings, Sorghum.................................... (202) 720-5944 Travis Thorson - Canola, Rapeseed, Safflower, Sunflower............................ (202) 720-7369 Access to NASS Reports For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways: All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: www.nass.usda.gov. Both national and state specific reports are available via a free e- mail subscription. 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