Dairy Products ISSN: 1949-0399 Released December 4, 2024, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). October 2024 Highlights Total cheese output (excluding cottage cheese) was 1.23 billion pounds, 1.0 percent above October 2023 and 5.6 percent above September 2024. Italian type cheese production totaled 512 million pounds, 0.5 percent above October 2023 and 4.9 percent above September 2024. American type cheese production totaled 486 million pounds, 0.2 percent below October 2023 but 6.6 percent above September 2024. Butter production was 167 million pounds, 3.1 percent above October 2023 and 4.4 percent above September 2024. Dry milk products (comparisons in percentage with October 2023) Nonfat dry milk, human - 125 million pounds, down 2.7 percent. Skim milk powder - 41.0 million pounds, down 24.1 percent. Whey products (comparisons in percentage with October 2023) Dry whey, total - 66.3 million pounds, down 11.9 percent. Lactose, human and animal - 91.7 million pounds, up 1.8 percent. Whey protein concentrate, total - 40.6 million pounds, up 2.3 percent. Frozen products (comparisons in percentage with October 2023) Ice cream, regular (hard) - 62.5 million gallons, up 11.8 percent. Ice cream, lowfat (total) - 31.5 million gallons, down 15.4 percent. Sherbet (hard) - 1.58 million gallons, down 3.6 percent. Frozen yogurt (total) - 3.32 million gallons, down slightly. Contents Dairy Products Production by Product - United States: October 2023 and 2024 3 Whey and Modified Whey Products Production, Stocks, and Prices - United States: October 2023 and 2024 4 Condensed and Dry Milk Products Production, Stocks, and Shipments - United States: October 2023 and 2024 5 Dairy Products Production by Product and Month - United States: 2023 and 2024 6 Total Cheese Production Excluding Cottage Cheese - States, United States, and Regions: October 2023 and 2024 13 American Cheese Production - States, United States, and Regions: October 2023 and 2024 14 Cheddar Cheese Production - States, United States, and Regions: October 2023 and 2024 14 Total Italian Cheese Production - States, United States, and Regions: October 2023 and 2024 15 Mozzarella Cheese Production - States, United States, and Regions: October 2023 and 2024 15 Butter Production - States, United States, and Regions: October 2023 and 2024 16 Nonfat Dry Milk (Human) Production - States, United States, and Regions: October 2023 and 2024 16 Dry Whey (Human) Production - States, United States, and Regions: October 2023 and 2024 17 Ice Cream, Regular (Hard) Production - States, United States, and Regions: October 2023 and 2024 17 Dairy Products Regions 18 Statistical Methodology 19 Information Contacts 20 Dairy Products Production by Product - United States: October 2023 and 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : Change from : October : September : October :----------------------------- Product : 2023 : 2024 : 2024 : October : September : : : : 2023 : 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------------- 1,000 pounds ------------ ------ percent ----- : Butter .................................: 162,523 160,463 167,493 3.1 4.4 : Cheese : American types 1/ ....................: 487,001 456,060 486,151 -0.2 6.6 Cheddar ............................: 342,782 312,830 332,265 -3.1 6.2 Other American types ...............: 144,219 143,230 153,886 6.7 7.4 Blue and Gorgonzola ..................: 7,395 6,829 7,771 5.1 13.8 Brick and Muenster ...................: 17,065 16,811 18,325 7.4 9.0 Cream and Neufchatel .................: 100,717 100,672 105,416 4.7 4.7 Feta .................................: 11,632 12,959 13,585 16.8 4.8 Gouda ................................: 3,835 5,832 5,863 52.9 0.5 Hispanic .............................: 36,496 34,553 36,580 0.2 5.9 Italian types ........................: 509,162 487,702 511,635 0.5 4.9 Mozzarella .........................: 399,262 390,995 405,555 1.6 3.7 Parmesan ...........................: 42,663 32,356 35,761 -16.2 10.5 Provolone ..........................: 31,935 30,785 33,810 5.9 9.8 Ricotta ............................: 23,579 20,206 22,613 -4.1 11.9 Romano .............................: 4,269 5,752 5,372 25.8 -6.6 Other Italian types ................: 7,454 7,608 8,524 14.4 12.0 Swiss ................................: 26,114 26,768 26,602 1.9 -0.6 All other types ......................: 14,847 12,778 14,147 -4.7 10.7 : Total cheese 2/ ......................: 1,214,264 1,160,964 1,226,075 1.0 5.6 : Cottage cheese, curd 3/ ................: 33,409 39,620 40,704 21.8 2.7 Cottage cheese, cream 4/ ...............: 31,351 35,785 36,667 17.0 2.5 Cottage cheese, lowfat 5/ ..............: 29,760 31,305 33,558 12.8 7.2 : Sour cream .............................: 139,112 120,222 139,498 0.3 16.0 Yogurt, plain and flavored .............: 374,844 431,425 419,271 11.9 -2.8 : : ----------- 1,000 gallons ---------- ------ percent ----- : Frozen products : Ice cream, regular, hard .............: 55,913 59,063 62,527 11.8 5.9 Ice cream, lowfat, hard ..............: 20,143 15,922 18,619 -7.6 16.9 Ice cream, lowfat, soft ..............: 17,094 15,962 12,898 -24.5 -19.2 Ice cream, lowfat, total 6/ ..........: 37,237 31,884 31,517 -15.4 -1.2 Ice cream, nonfat, hard ..............: 724 394 522 -27.9 32.5 Sherbet, hard ........................: 1,644 1,677 1,584 -3.6 -5.5 Frozen yogurt, total .................: 3,321 3,172 3,320 (Z) 4.7 Regular and lowfat, hard ...........: 1,072 1,059 1,326 23.7 25.2 Nonfat, hard .......................: 361 163 106 -70.6 -35.0 Other frozen dairy products ..........: 1,065 1,074 1,157 8.6 7.7 Water and juice ices .................: 5,306 5,180 5,456 2.8 5.3 : Mix for frozen products : Ice cream, regular, mix ..............: 34,545 37,199 38,170 10.5 2.6 Ice cream, lowfat, mix 7/ ............: 18,220 17,938 17,523 -3.8 -2.3 Ice cream, nonfat, mix ...............: 498 435 576 15.7 32.4 Sherbet mix ..........................: 1,286 1,324 1,371 6.6 3.5 Yogurt mix ...........................: 2,123 1,580 2,049 -3.5 29.7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (Z) Less than half of the unit shown. 1/ Includes Cheddar, Colby, washed curd, stirred curd, Monterey, and Jack. 2/ Excludes Cottage Cheese. 3/ Mostly used for processing into cream or lowfat cottage cheese. 4/ Fat content 4 percent or more. 5/ Fat content less than 4 percent. 6/ Includes freezer-made milkshake. 7/ Includes milkshake mix. Whey and Modified Whey Products Production, Stocks, and Prices - United States: October 2023 and 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : Change from : October : September : October :----------------------------- Product : 2023 : 2024 : 2024 : October : September : : : : 2023 : 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------------ 1,000 pounds ----------- ------ percent ----- Condensed whey, solids content 1/ : Sweet-type, human ....................: 8,103 5,983 6,552 -19.1 9.5 : Dry whey products : Dry whey, human ......................: 71,473 65,178 62,701 -12.3 -3.8 Dry whey, animal .....................: 3,803 2,836 3,581 -5.8 26.3 Dry whey, total ......................: 75,276 68,014 66,282 -11.9 -2.5 : Reduced Lactose and minerals : Human and animal .....................: 3,323 3,299 3,718 11.9 12.7 : Whey protein concentrate : Human 2/ .............................: 38,538 38,211 38,928 1.0 1.9 Animal 2/ ............................: 1,150 1,009 1,666 44.9 65.1 Total 2/ .............................: 39,688 39,220 40,594 2.3 3.5 25.0-49.9 percent 3/ ...............: 12,230 11,615 12,155 -0.6 4.6 50.0-89.9 percent 3/ ...............: 27,458 27,605 28,439 3.6 3.0 : Whey protein isolates 4/ ...............: 14,092 17,107 15,922 13.0 -6.9 : Lactose, human and animal ..............: 90,017 94,098 91,670 1.8 -2.6 : Manufacturers' stocks end of month 5/ : Dry whey products : Dry whey, human ......................: 71,246 53,204 47,690 -33.1 -10.4 Dry whey, animal .....................: 4,074 2,544 2,843 -30.2 11.8 Dry whey, total ......................: 75,320 55,748 50,533 -32.9 -9.4 : Reduced Lactose and minerals : Human and animal 6/ ...................: 7,162 7,899 8,050 12.4 1.9 : Whey protein concentrate : Human 2/ .............................: 61,136 49,450 50,281 -17.8 1.7 Animal 2/ ............................: 1,344 1,214 1,334 -0.7 9.9 Total 2/ .............................: 62,480 50,664 51,615 -17.4 1.9 25.0-49.9 percent 3/ ...............: 27,596 17,560 18,414 -33.3 4.9 50.0-89.9 percent 3/ ...............: 34,884 33,104 33,201 -4.8 0.3 : Whey protein isolates 4/ ...............: 17,716 14,959 14,068 -20.6 -6.0 : Lactose, human and animal ..............: 114,800 120,465 107,981 -5.9 -10.4 : --------- cents per pound -------- --- cents change -- : Manufacturers' selling price 7/ : Dry whey, animal .......................: 21.5 30.1 32.4 10.9 2.3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Final marketable product only. Does not include quantity used or shipped to another plant for further processing into dry whey or modified whey products. Does not include sweet-type, animal whey. 2/ Whey protein concentrate, 25.0 to 89.9 percent. 3/ Whey protein concentrate, human and animal. 4/ Whey protein isolate, 90.0 percent or greater. 5/ Stocks held by manufacturers at all points and in transit. 6/ Reduced lactose and minerals stocks combined to avoid disclosure of individual operations. 7/ Prices for bulk goods, f.o.b. plant. Average monthly prices reported by firms. Condensed and Dry Milk Products Production, Stocks, and Shipments - United States: October 2023 and 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : Change from : October : September : October :----------------------------- Product : 2023 : 2024 : 2024 : October : September : : : : 2023 : 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------------ 1,000 pounds ----------- ------ percent ----- Production : Bulk condensed milk : Skim, unsweetened ....................: 115,933 103,532 106,849 -7.8 3.2 : Dry milk products : Dry buttermilk, total ................: 12,456 10,041 10,664 -14.4 6.2 Dry skim milk, animal ................: 590 528 563 -4.6 6.6 Dry whole milk .......................: 9,461 7,811 9,919 4.8 27.0 Milk protein concentrate, total 1/ ...: 13,744 23,188 25,287 84.0 9.1 Nonfat dry milk, human ...............: 128,569 115,480 125,145 -2.7 8.4 Skim milk powder, total 2/ ...........: 54,046 53,377 41,017 -24.1 -23.2 : Manufacturers' stocks end-of-month 3/ : Dry milk products : Dry buttermilk, total ................: 25,659 32,867 28,473 11.0 -13.4 Dry skim milk, animal ................: 11,654 11,562 10,637 -8.7 -8.0 Dry whole milk .......................: 8,137 11,707 12,306 51.2 5.1 Nonfat dry milk, human ...............: 218,117 250,330 234,205 7.4 -6.4 : Manufacturers' shipments 4/ : Dry milk products : Nonfat dry milk, human ...............: 146,534 114,401 135,583 -7.5 18.5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Dry milk protein concentrate, 40-89.9 percent. 2/ Includes protein standardized and blends. 3/ Stocks held by manufacturers at all points and in transit. 4/ For dry products, shipments of bulk goods. Dairy Products Production by Product and Month - United States: 2023 and 2024 [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Monthly : Cumulative Product and month :------------------------------------------------------------- : : : Change : : : Change : 2023 : 2024 : from : 2023 : 2024 : from : : : 2023 : : : 2023 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- :--- 1,000 pounds -- percent ---- 1,000 pounds --- percent Total cheese 1/ : January ......................:1,222,785 1,200,917 -1.8 1,222,785 1,200,917 -1.8 February .....................:1,116,128 1,139,985 2.1 2,338,913 2,340,902 0.1 March ........................:1,224,820 1,223,777 -0.1 3,563,733 3,564,679 (Z) April ........................:1,165,123 1,188,261 2.0 4,728,856 4,752,940 0.5 May ..........................:1,204,162 1,210,254 0.5 5,933,018 5,963,194 0.5 June .........................:1,178,410 1,159,745 -1.6 7,111,428 7,122,939 0.2 July .........................:1,168,945 1,191,591 1.9 8,280,373 8,314,530 0.4 August .......................:1,177,853 1,196,864 1.6 9,458,226 9,511,394 0.6 September ....................:1,159,521 1,160,964 0.1 10,617,747 10,672,358 0.5 October ......................:1,214,264 1,226,075 1.0 11,832,011 11,898,433 0.6 November .....................:1,171,266 13,003,277 December .....................:1,207,714 14,210,991 : Total American cheese types 2/ : January ......................: 512,962 473,081 -7.8 512,962 473,081 -7.8 February .....................: 454,152 446,591 -1.7 967,114 919,672 -4.9 March ........................: 505,830 489,346 -3.3 1,472,944 1,409,018 -4.3 April ........................: 491,399 467,098 -4.9 1,964,343 1,876,116 -4.5 May ..........................: 517,700 488,140 -5.7 2,482,043 2,364,256 -4.7 June .........................: 480,863 456,275 -5.1 2,962,906 2,820,531 -4.8 July .........................: 481,811 469,556 -2.5 3,444,717 3,290,087 -4.5 August .......................: 479,230 476,774 -0.5 3,923,947 3,766,861 -4.0 September ....................: 473,266 456,060 -3.6 4,397,213 4,222,921 -4.0 October ......................: 487,001 486,151 -0.2 4,884,214 4,709,072 -3.6 November .....................: 471,035 5,355,249 December .....................: 489,254 5,844,503 : Cheddar cheese : January ......................: 366,554 330,574 -9.8 366,554 330,574 -9.8 February .....................: 328,113 314,571 -4.1 694,667 645,145 -7.1 March ........................: 355,379 340,784 -4.1 1,050,046 985,929 -6.1 April ........................: 352,686 317,180 -10.1 1,402,732 1,303,109 -7.1 May ..........................: 364,287 329,161 -9.6 1,767,019 1,632,270 -7.6 June .........................: 343,057 310,178 -9.6 2,110,076 1,942,448 -7.9 July .........................: 333,699 311,572 -6.6 2,443,775 2,254,020 -7.8 August .......................: 325,393 321,447 -1.2 2,769,168 2,575,467 -7.0 September ....................: 319,957 312,830 -2.2 3,089,125 2,888,297 -6.5 October ......................: 342,782 332,265 -3.1 3,431,907 3,220,562 -6.2 November .....................: 321,767 3,753,674 December .....................: 337,743 4,091,417 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Dairy Products Production by Product and Month - United States: 2023 and 2024 (continued) [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Monthly : Cumulative Product and month :----------------------------------------------------------- : : : Change : : : Change : 2023 : 2024 : from : 2023 : 2024 : from : : : 2023 : : : 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 pounds percent --- 1,000 pounds -- percent Total Italian cheese types : January ......................: 501,658 510,548 1.8 501,658 510,548 1.8 February .....................: 460,736 476,892 3.5 962,394 987,440 2.6 March ........................: 496,213 518,595 4.5 1,458,607 1,506,035 3.3 April ........................: 474,325 505,053 6.5 1,932,932 2,011,088 4.0 May ..........................: 484,024 505,383 4.4 2,416,956 2,516,471 4.1 June .........................: 486,238 485,397 -0.2 2,903,194 3,001,868 3.4 July .........................: 483,503 496,118 2.6 3,386,697 3,497,986 3.3 August .......................: 484,214 500,060 3.3 3,870,911 3,998,046 3.3 September ....................: 479,371 487,702 1.7 4,350,282 4,485,748 3.1 October ......................: 509,162 511,635 0.5 4,859,444 4,997,383 2.8 November .....................: 487,486 5,346,930 December .....................: 507,540 5,854,470 : Mozzarella : January ......................: 394,320 398,419 1.0 394,320 398,419 1.0 February .....................: 361,784 374,126 3.4 756,104 772,545 2.2 March ........................: 383,594 409,839 6.8 1,139,698 1,182,384 3.7 April ........................: 378,076 402,159 6.4 1,517,774 1,584,543 4.4 May ..........................: 378,366 405,705 7.2 1,896,140 1,990,248 5.0 June .........................: 383,786 390,447 1.7 2,279,926 2,380,695 4.4 July .........................: 384,244 399,268 3.9 2,664,170 2,779,963 4.3 August .......................: 381,750 400,492 4.9 3,045,920 3,180,455 4.4 September ....................: 379,375 390,995 3.1 3,425,295 3,571,450 4.3 October ......................: 399,262 405,555 1.6 3,824,557 3,977,005 4.0 November .....................: 380,413 4,204,970 December .....................: 401,292 4,606,262 : Other Italian cheese types : January ......................: 7,359 8,380 13.9 7,359 8,380 13.9 February .....................: 6,736 7,680 14.0 14,095 16,060 13.9 March ........................: 7,638 8,374 9.6 21,733 24,434 12.4 April ........................: 7,094 7,950 12.1 28,827 32,384 12.3 May ..........................: 7,359 7,277 -1.1 36,186 39,661 9.6 June .........................: 6,979 8,234 18.0 43,165 47,895 11.0 July .........................: 6,686 8,768 31.1 49,851 56,663 13.7 August .......................: 7,385 9,468 28.2 57,236 66,131 15.5 September ....................: 6,652 7,608 14.4 63,888 73,739 15.4 October ......................: 7,454 8,524 14.4 71,342 82,263 15.3 November .....................: 7,361 78,703 December .....................: 7,110 85,813 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Dairy Products Production by Product and Month - United States: 2023 and 2024 (continued) [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Monthly : Cumulative Product and month :----------------------------------------------------------- : : : Change : : : Change : 2023 : 2024 : from : 2023 : 2024 : from : : : 2023 : : : 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 pounds percent --- 1,000 pounds -- percent Butter : January ......................: 203,586 217,247 6.7 203,586 217,247 6.7 February .....................: 187,456 197,645 5.4 391,042 414,892 6.1 March ........................: 205,762 210,526 2.3 596,804 625,418 4.8 April ........................: 197,344 207,630 5.2 794,148 833,048 4.9 May ..........................: 196,410 204,444 4.1 990,558 1,037,492 4.7 June .........................: 164,478 167,992 2.1 1,155,036 1,205,484 4.4 July .........................: 158,220 163,973 3.6 1,313,256 1,369,457 4.3 August .......................: 138,915 159,922 15.1 1,452,171 1,529,379 5.3 September ....................: 143,134 160,463 12.1 1,595,305 1,689,842 5.9 October ......................: 162,523 167,493 3.1 1,757,828 1,857,335 5.7 November .....................: 163,544 1,921,372 December .....................: 193,656 2,115,028 : Nonfat dry milk, human : January ......................: 175,602 138,296 -21.2 175,602 138,296 -21.2 February .....................: 177,583 147,081 -17.2 353,185 285,377 -19.2 March ........................: 199,390 183,977 -7.7 552,575 469,354 -15.1 April ........................: 198,521 174,167 -12.3 751,096 643,521 -14.3 May ..........................: 206,532 169,098 -18.1 957,628 812,619 -15.1 June .........................: 173,093 127,495 -26.3 1,130,721 940,114 -16.9 July .........................: 133,356 120,993 -9.3 1,264,077 1,061,107 -16.1 August .......................: 112,079 116,151 3.6 1,376,156 1,177,258 -14.5 September ....................: 99,972 115,480 15.5 1,476,128 1,292,738 -12.4 October ......................: 128,569 125,145 -2.7 1,604,697 1,417,883 -11.6 November .....................: 116,818 1,721,515 December .....................: 146,889 1,868,404 : Skim milk powder, total 3/ : January ......................: 56,002 56,918 1.6 56,002 56,918 1.6 February .....................: 47,623 36,240 -23.9 103,625 93,158 -10.1 March ........................: 48,544 28,313 -41.7 152,169 121,471 -20.2 April ........................: 45,797 35,840 -21.7 197,966 157,311 -20.5 May ..........................: 46,555 41,852 -10.1 244,521 199,163 -18.5 June .........................: 49,722 60,457 21.6 294,243 259,620 -11.8 July .........................: 72,400 51,571 -28.8 366,643 311,191 -15.1 August .......................: 71,296 50,320 -29.4 437,939 361,511 -17.5 September ....................: 67,711 53,377 -21.2 505,650 414,888 -17.9 October ......................: 54,046 41,017 -24.1 559,696 455,905 -18.5 November .....................: 70,722 630,418 December .....................: 64,201 694,619 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Dairy Products Production by Product and Month - United States: 2023 and 2024 (continued) [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Monthly : Cumulative Product and month :----------------------------------------------------------- : : : Change : : : Change : 2023 : 2024 : from : 2023 : 2024 : from : : : 2023 : : : 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 pounds percent -- 1,000 pounds -- percent Dry whey, total 4/ : January ......................: 76,713 77,724 1.3 76,713 77,724 1.3 February .....................: 66,699 72,131 8.1 143,412 149,855 4.5 March ........................: 77,296 79,925 3.4 220,708 229,780 4.1 April ........................: 79,595 81,240 2.1 300,303 311,020 3.6 May ..........................: 81,782 76,630 -6.3 382,085 387,650 1.5 June .........................: 88,164 72,962 -17.2 470,249 460,612 -2.0 July .........................: 89,321 67,677 -24.2 559,570 528,289 -5.6 August .......................: 83,570 65,246 -21.9 643,140 593,535 -7.7 September ....................: 78,899 68,014 -13.8 722,039 661,549 -8.4 October ......................: 75,276 66,282 -11.9 797,315 727,831 -8.7 November .....................: 68,581 865,896 December .....................: 72,550 938,446 : Lactose, human and animal : January ......................: 90,193 89,452 -0.8 90,193 89,452 -0.8 February .....................: 83,542 87,602 4.9 173,735 177,054 1.9 March ........................: 98,668 99,109 0.4 272,403 276,163 1.4 April ........................: 92,838 91,706 -1.2 365,241 367,869 0.7 May ..........................: 95,558 92,900 -2.8 460,799 460,769 (Z) June .........................: 98,125 94,181 -4.0 558,924 554,950 -0.7 July .........................: 94,224 95,146 1.0 653,148 650,096 -0.5 August .......................: 92,371 94,954 2.8 745,519 745,050 -0.1 September ....................: 95,253 94,098 -1.2 840,772 839,148 -0.2 October ......................: 90,017 91,670 1.8 930,789 930,818 November .....................: 84,059 1,014,848 December .....................: 90,687 1,105,535 : Whey protein concentrate, total : January ......................: 41,102 42,695 3.9 41,102 42,695 3.9 February .....................: 38,859 38,710 -0.4 79,961 81,405 1.8 March ........................: 43,152 44,170 2.4 123,113 125,575 2.0 April ........................: 41,819 39,233 -6.2 164,932 164,808 -0.1 May ..........................: 43,893 42,415 -3.4 208,825 207,223 -0.8 June .........................: 43,643 40,541 -7.1 252,468 247,764 -1.9 July .........................: 42,769 38,519 -9.9 295,237 286,283 -3.0 August .......................: 40,792 41,444 1.6 336,029 327,727 -2.5 September ....................: 40,645 39,220 -3.5 376,674 366,947 -2.6 October ......................: 39,688 40,594 2.3 416,362 407,541 -2.1 November .....................: 41,293 457,655 December .....................: 44,300 501,955 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Dairy Products Production by Product and Month - United States: 2023 and 2024 (continued) [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Monthly : Cumulative Product and month :----------------------------------------------------------- : : : Change : : : Change : 2023 : 2024 : from : 2023 : 2024 : from : : : 2023 : : : 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 pounds percent --- 1,000 pounds -- percent Cottage cheese, cream : January ......................: 29,410 32,818 11.6 29,410 32,818 11.6 February .....................: 29,224 32,747 12.1 58,634 65,565 11.8 March ........................: 33,127 35,291 6.5 91,761 100,856 9.9 April ........................: 28,531 35,842 25.6 120,292 136,698 13.6 May ..........................: 33,114 36,335 9.7 153,406 173,033 12.8 June .........................: 32,699 34,196 4.6 186,105 207,229 11.4 July .........................: 32,026 36,071 12.6 218,131 243,300 11.5 August .......................: 34,739 34,822 0.2 252,870 278,122 10.0 September ....................: 33,459 35,785 7.0 286,329 313,907 9.6 October ......................: 31,351 36,667 17.0 317,680 350,574 10.4 November .....................: 31,158 348,838 December .....................: 29,001 377,839 : Cottage cheese, lowfat : January ......................: 26,555 29,535 11.2 26,555 29,535 11.2 February .....................: 24,353 28,625 17.5 50,908 58,160 14.2 March ........................: 26,305 29,824 13.4 77,213 87,984 13.9 April ........................: 25,100 32,609 29.9 102,313 120,593 17.9 May ..........................: 28,559 33,591 17.6 130,872 154,184 17.8 June .........................: 27,433 31,251 13.9 158,305 185,435 17.1 July .........................: 29,618 31,743 7.2 187,923 217,178 15.6 August .......................: 32,997 33,012 (Z) 220,920 250,190 13.2 September ....................: 32,472 31,305 -3.6 253,392 281,495 11.1 October ......................: 29,760 33,558 12.8 283,152 315,053 11.3 November .....................: 26,106 309,258 December .....................: 26,154 335,412 : Sour cream : January ......................: 127,476 128,934 1.1 127,476 128,934 1.1 February .....................: 114,036 119,290 4.6 241,512 248,224 2.8 March ........................: 127,913 123,459 -3.5 369,425 371,683 0.6 April ........................: 118,718 124,292 4.7 488,143 495,975 1.6 May ..........................: 128,185 127,362 -0.6 616,328 623,337 1.1 June .........................: 129,278 123,012 -4.8 745,606 746,349 0.1 July .........................: 118,268 126,862 7.3 863,874 873,211 1.1 August .......................: 121,697 126,753 4.2 985,571 999,964 1.5 September ....................: 119,965 120,222 0.2 1,105,536 1,120,186 1.3 October ......................: 139,112 139,498 0.3 1,244,648 1,259,684 1.2 November .....................: 141,909 1,386,557 December .....................: 132,557 1,519,114 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Dairy Products Production by Product and Month - United States: 2023 and 2024 (continued) [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Monthly : Cumulative Product and month :----------------------------------------------------------- : : : Change : : : Change : 2023 : 2024 : from : 2023 : 2024 : from : : : 2023 : : : 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 gallons percent 1,000 gallons percent Ice cream, regular hard : January ......................: 51,980 49,619 -4.5 51,980 49,619 -4.5 February .....................: 56,997 57,300 0.5 108,977 106,919 -1.9 March ........................: 65,225 66,215 1.5 174,202 173,134 -0.6 April ........................: 60,272 64,744 7.4 234,474 237,878 1.5 May ..........................: 63,493 66,193 4.3 297,967 304,071 2.0 June .........................: 66,668 66,551 -0.2 364,635 370,622 1.6 July .........................: 61,876 64,954 5.0 426,511 435,576 2.1 August .......................: 65,454 69,341 5.9 491,965 504,917 2.6 September ....................: 61,000 59,063 -3.2 552,965 563,980 2.0 October ......................: 55,913 62,527 11.8 608,878 626,507 2.9 November .....................: 48,489 657,367 December .....................: 44,454 701,821 : Ice cream, lowfat total : January ......................: 32,887 26,593 -19.1 32,887 26,593 -19.1 February .....................: 36,307 31,391 -13.5 69,194 57,984 -16.2 March ........................: 43,267 37,552 -13.2 112,461 95,536 -15.0 April ........................: 40,975 38,662 -5.6 153,436 134,198 -12.5 May ..........................: 42,912 39,818 -7.2 196,348 174,016 -11.4 June .........................: 42,995 38,416 -10.7 239,343 212,432 -11.2 July .........................: 41,580 39,455 -5.1 280,923 251,887 -10.3 August .......................: 42,401 38,636 -8.9 323,324 290,523 -10.1 September ....................: 35,738 31,884 -10.8 359,062 322,407 -10.2 October ......................: 37,237 31,517 -15.4 396,299 353,924 -10.7 November .....................: 27,899 424,198 December .....................: 26,658 450,856 : Sherbet, hard : January ......................: 1,783 1,609 -9.8 1,783 1,609 -9.8 February .....................: 2,029 1,533 -24.4 3,812 3,142 -17.6 March ........................: 1,851 1,835 -0.9 5,663 4,977 -12.1 April ........................: 1,974 1,777 -10.0 7,637 6,754 -11.6 May ..........................: 1,937 1,678 -13.4 9,574 8,432 -11.9 June .........................: 1,918 1,716 -10.5 11,492 10,148 -11.7 July .........................: 1,698 1,793 5.6 13,190 11,941 -9.5 August .......................: 2,069 2,153 4.1 15,259 14,094 -7.6 September ....................: 1,525 1,677 10.0 16,784 15,771 -6.0 October ......................: 1,644 1,584 -3.6 18,428 17,355 -5.8 November .....................: 1,371 19,799 December .....................: 1,182 20,981 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Dairy Products Production by Product and Month - United States: 2023 and 2024 (continued) [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Monthly : Cumulative Product and month :----------------------------------------------------------- : : : Change : : : Change : 2023 : 2024 : from : 2023 : 2024 : from : : : 2023 : : : 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 pounds percent --- 1,000 pounds -- percent Yogurt, plain and flavored : January ......................: 384,757 397,623 3.3 384,757 397,623 3.3 February .....................: 383,743 396,526 3.3 768,500 794,149 3.3 March ........................: 428,478 427,988 -0.1 1,196,978 1,222,137 2.1 April ........................: 371,914 413,821 11.3 1,568,892 1,635,958 4.3 May ..........................: 382,291 401,316 5.0 1,951,183 2,037,274 4.4 June .........................: 384,105 392,756 2.3 2,335,288 2,430,030 4.1 July .........................: 385,092 401,462 4.3 2,720,380 2,831,492 4.1 August .......................: 392,827 423,662 7.8 3,113,207 3,255,154 4.6 September ....................: 402,621 431,425 7.2 3,515,828 3,686,579 4.9 October ......................: 374,844 419,271 11.9 3,890,672 4,105,850 5.5 November .....................: 339,246 4,229,918 December .....................: 359,954 4,589,872 : : 1,000 gallons percent 1,000 gallons percent : Frozen yogurt, total : January ......................: 2,584 3,277 26.8 2,584 3,277 26.8 February .....................: 3,450 4,001 16.0 6,034 7,278 20.6 March ........................: 3,710 3,731 0.6 9,744 11,009 13.0 April ........................: 3,238 3,105 -4.1 12,982 14,114 8.7 May ..........................: 4,316 4,315 (Z) 17,298 18,429 6.5 June .........................: 4,272 4,164 -2.5 21,570 22,593 4.7 July .........................: 4,292 4,293 (Z) 25,862 26,886 4.0 August .......................: 4,335 4,387 1.2 30,197 31,273 3.6 September ....................: 3,245 3,172 -2.2 33,442 34,445 3.0 October ......................: 3,321 3,320 (Z) 36,763 37,765 2.7 November .....................: 2,422 39,185 December .....................: 3,191 42,376 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (Z) Less than half of the unit shown. 1/ Excludes Cottage Cheese. 2/ Includes Cheddar, Colby, washed curd, stirred curd, Monterey, and Jack. 3/ Includes protein standardized and blends. 4/ Excludes all modified dry whey products. Total Cheese Production Excluding Cottage Cheese - States, United States, and Regions: October 2023 and 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : Change from : October : September : October :--------------------- State and region: 2023 : 2024 : 2024 : October :September : : : : 2023 : 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------------ 1,000 pounds ----------- ---- percent --- : California .....: 205,671 200,459 204,459 -0.6 2.0 Idaho ..........: 89,282 89,653 94,346 5.7 5.2 Illinois .......: 6,252 5,109 5,380 -13.9 5.3 Iowa ...........: 31,892 29,570 29,934 -6.1 1.2 Minnesota ......: 66,409 66,532 69,694 4.9 4.8 New Jersey .....: 6,859 5,519 8,758 27.7 58.7 New Mexico .....: 85,214 74,990 75,986 -10.8 1.3 New York .......: 77,189 68,828 74,828 -3.1 8.7 Ohio ...........: 20,564 22,029 21,581 4.9 -2.0 Pennsylvania ...: 37,906 40,794 39,896 5.2 -2.2 South Dakota ...: 45,986 45,067 45,760 -0.5 1.5 Vermont ........: 12,288 11,836 13,216 7.6 11.7 Wisconsin ......: 302,141 282,839 315,190 4.3 11.4 : Other States 1/ : 226,611 217,739 227,047 0.2 4.3 : United States ..: 1,214,264 1,160,964 1,226,075 1.0 5.6 : Atlantic .......: 146,089 131,900 141,569 -3.1 7.3 Central ........: 596,796 566,811 613,152 2.7 8.2 West ...........: 471,379 462,253 471,354 (Z) 2.0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (Z) Less than half of the unit shown. 1/ States not shown when fewer than 3 plants reported or individual plant operations could be disclosed. American Cheese Production - States, United States, and Regions: October 2023 and 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : Change from : October : September : October :--------------------- State and region: 2023 : 2024 : 2024 : October :September : : : : 2023 : 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----------- 1,000 pounds ---------- ---- percent --- : California .....: 42,757 45,688 47,958 12.2 5.0 Iowa ...........: 15,636 14,711 14,585 -6.7 -0.9 Minnesota ......: 55,508 59,254 62,321 12.3 5.2 New York .......: 12,370 12,531 12,185 -1.5 -2.8 Wisconsin ......: 91,542 84,538 92,500 1.0 9.4 : Other States 1/ : 269,188 239,338 256,602 -4.7 7.2 : United States ..: 487,001 456,060 486,151 -0.2 6.6 : Atlantic .......: 29,042 22,458 23,156 -20.3 3.1 Central ........: 267,557 254,006 274,081 2.4 7.9 West ...........: 190,402 179,596 188,914 -0.8 5.2 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ States not shown when fewer than 3 plants reported or individual plant operations could be disclosed. Cheddar Cheese Production - States, United States, and Regions: October 2023 and 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : Change from : October : September : October :--------------------- State and region: 2023 : 2024 : 2024 : October :September : : : : 2023 : 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----------- 1,000 pounds ---------- ---- percent --- : California .....: 19,614 22,593 21,161 7.9 -6.3 Iowa ...........: 8,840 9,894 9,964 12.7 0.7 Vermont ........: 8,752 8,506 9,545 9.1 12.2 Wisconsin ......: 60,022 53,118 59,500 -0.9 12.0 : Other States 1/ : 245,554 218,719 232,095 -5.5 6.1 : United States ..: 342,782 312,830 332,265 -3.1 6.2 : Atlantic .......: 27,212 20,551 21,118 -22.4 2.8 Central ........: 181,240 173,749 187,941 3.7 8.2 West ...........: 134,330 118,530 123,206 -8.3 3.9 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ States not shown when fewer than 3 plants reported or individual plant operations could be disclosed. Total Italian Cheese Production - States, United States, and Regions: October 2023 and 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : Change from : October : September : October :--------------------- State and region: 2023 : 2024 : 2024 : October :September : : : : 2023 : 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----------- 1,000 pounds ---------- ---- percent --- : California .....: 140,763 135,487 136,340 -3.1 0.6 Minnesota ......: 10,793 7,099 7,195 -33.3 1.4 New Jersey .....: 3,575 2,824 4,904 37.2 73.7 New York .......: 31,226 28,011 30,557 -2.1 9.1 Pennsylvania ...: 22,794 22,311 22,525 -1.2 1.0 Wisconsin ......: 144,280 132,629 150,970 4.6 13.8 : Other States 1/ : 155,731 159,341 159,144 2.2 -0.1 : United States ..: 509,162 487,702 511,635 0.5 4.9 : Atlantic .......: 61,538 56,595 61,443 -0.2 8.6 Central ........: 214,125 197,325 216,358 1.0 9.6 West ...........: 233,499 233,782 233,834 0.1 (Z) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (Z) Less than half of the unit shown. 1/ States not shown when fewer than 3 plants reported or individual plant operations could be disclosed. Mozzarella Cheese Production - States, United States, and Regions: October 2023 and 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : Change from : October : September : October :--------------------- State and region: 2023 : 2024 : 2024 : October :September : : : : 2023 : 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----------- 1,000 pounds ---------- --- percent --- : California .....: 129,315 126,518 125,651 -2.8 -0.7 New Jersey .....: 1,663 1,582 2,801 68.4 77.1 New York .......: 13,762 13,577 14,345 4.2 5.7 Pennsylvania ...: 18,900 18,845 18,063 -4.4 -4.1 Wisconsin ......: 92,085 83,974 97,300 5.7 15.9 : Other States 1/ : 143,537 146,499 147,395 2.7 0.6 : United States ..: 399,262 390,995 405,555 1.6 3.7 : Atlantic .......: 36,769 36,340 37,504 2.0 3.2 Central ........: 141,755 130,725 145,767 2.8 11.5 West ...........: 220,738 223,930 222,284 0.7 -0.7 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ States not shown when fewer than 3 plants reported or individual plant operations could be disclosed. Butter Production - States, United States, and Regions: October 2023 and 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : Change from : October : September : October :--------------------- State and region: 2023 : 2024 : 2024 : October :September : : : : 2023 : 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----------- 1,000 pounds ---------- --- percent --- : California .....: 50,979 49,568 48,665 -4.5 -1.8 Pennsylvania ...: 6,963 4,050 6,725 -3.4 66.0 : Other States 1/ : 104,581 106,845 112,103 7.2 4.9 : United States ..: 162,523 160,463 167,493 3.1 4.4 : Atlantic .......: 12,213 10,030 13,979 14.5 39.4 Central ........: 63,635 62,801 66,953 5.2 6.6 West ...........: 86,675 87,632 86,561 -0.1 -1.2 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ States not shown when fewer than 3 plants reported or individual plant operations could be disclosed. Nonfat Dry Milk (Human) Production - States, United States, and Regions: October 2023 and 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : Change from : October : September : October :--------------------- State and region: 2023 : 2024 : 2024 : October :September : : : : 2023 : 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----------- 1,000 pounds ---------- ---- percent --- : California .....: 55,810 43,494 46,178 -17.3 6.2 Pennsylvania ...: 10,321 9,055 10,143 -1.7 12.0 : Other States 1/ : 62,438 62,931 68,824 10.2 9.4 : United States ..: 128,569 115,480 125,145 -2.7 8.4 : Atlantic .......: 21,061 16,538 20,609 -2.1 24.6 Central ........: 28,190 26,920 31,589 12.1 17.3 West ...........: 79,318 72,022 72,947 -8.0 1.3 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ States not shown when fewer than 3 plants reported or individual plant operations could be disclosed. Dry Whey (Human) Production - States, United States, and Regions: October 2023 and 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : Change from : October : September : October :--------------------- State and region: 2023 : 2024 : 2024 : October :September : : : : 2023 : 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------- 1,000 pounds ---------- ---- percent --- : New York .......: 10,566 10,700 10,476 -0.9 -2.1 Wisconsin ......: 21,751 23,840 21,756 (Z) -8.7 : Other States 1/ : 39,156 30,638 30,469 -22.2 -0.6 : United States ..: 71,473 65,178 62,701 -12.3 -3.8 : Atlantic .......: 20,246 19,561 19,773 -2.3 1.1 Central ........: 34,604 32,335 30,920 -10.6 -4.4 West ...........: 16,623 13,282 12,008 -27.8 -9.6 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (Z) Less than half of the unit shown. 1/ States not shown when fewer than 3 plants reported or individual plant operations could be disclosed. Ice Cream, Regular (Hard) Production - States, United States, and Regions: October 2023 and 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : Change from : October : September : October :--------------------- State and region: 2023 : 2024 : 2024 : October :September : : : : 2023 : 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------- 1,000 gallons --------- --- percent --- : California .....: 5,849 6,575 6,521 11.5 -0.8 New York .......: 2,091 2,156 1,948 -6.8 -9.6 Ohio ...........: 2,058 2,347 2,526 22.7 7.6 Utah ...........: 1,333 1,543 1,403 5.3 -9.1 Wisconsin ......: 689 826 789 14.5 -4.5 : Other States 1/ : 43,893 45,616 49,340 12.4 8.2 : United States ..: 55,913 59,063 62,527 11.8 5.9 : Atlantic .......: 12,514 14,290 13,414 7.2 -6.1 Central ........: 33,442 33,453 37,821 13.1 13.1 West ...........: 9,957 11,320 11,292 13.4 -0.2 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ States not shown when fewer than 3 plants reported or individual plant operations could be disclosed. West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming. Central: Alabama, Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Wisconsin. Atlantic: Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, North Carolina, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia. Statistical Methodology Data Collection Period: Dairy products estimates are based upon survey data collected after the close of each month. Production data are provided by the firms producing dairy products. Sampling frames and sample size: In 2023, there were 1,183 manufacturers that produced one or more dairy products. In states with small numbers of plants, reports are received from all plants each month. In states with large numbers of plants, survey procedures are designed to obtain monthly reports from all large plants and from a sample of small plants. In some states, the State Departments of Agriculture assist in collection of data, which eliminates duplicate reporting and reduces respondent burden. Modes of data collection: Data are collected by mail, personal and telephone interviews, facsimile, and via electronic mail. Terms and definitions: Firms complete the questionnaire using standard industry definitions and through the aid of instructions and definitions provided on the questionnaire. Reliability: Data for the Dairy Products report are collected by a Census of all known manufacturers of dairy products in the United States. Firms producing large quantities of dairy products, along with a sample of smaller firms, are contacted monthly to collect previous month production data. Those small firms not contacted monthly are contacted after the close of the year to obtain previous year production. Production of products at small firms not contacted monthly are estimated during the monthly survey based upon check data, and state and national trends. Small firms are defined as those that do not make up a significant portion of the published total. Plants storing nonfat dry milk and dry whey are required under Federal law as defined in Public Laws 106-532 and 107-171 to complete the Dairy Products report. Plants storing these items are contacted monthly. Additionally, many state governments have mandated that dairy plants in their state complete the Dairy Products report each month. Because the Dairy Products survey is a census, sampling error should not affect the final estimates, however non-sampling errors are possible. Estimating Procedures: In the Regional Field Office (RFO), data reported by firms are reviewed for reasonableness and consistency by comparing with data reported in prior months and by data reported by other firms in the State. Each RFO summarizes data at the Individual State level. State estimates are submitted to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB) along with supporting comments where they are compared with surrounding states, their region, and national trends. During both RFO and ASB review, plants are sometimes contacted again for further verification of numbers reported. After ASB review, RFO data are summarized into a National level summary. Revision Policy: Monthly estimates are subject to revision the month following the preliminary estimates. Annual estimates are published in late April in the Dairy Products Yearly Summary report which includes any revisions made to previous 2 years of estimates. Revisions are generally due to plant data that are received too late to be included in the current report. Information Contacts Listed below are the commodity specialists in the Livestock Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to nass@usda.gov. Travis Averill, Chief, Livestock Branch ...... (202) 692-0069 Scott Hollis, Head, Livestock Section ........ (202) 690-2424 Sherry Bertramsen - Livestock Slaughter ... (202) 690-8632 Ryan Cowen - Cattle, Cattle on Feed ....... (202) 720-3040 Kim DaPra - Milk Production and Milk Cows.. (202) 720-3278 Donnie Fike - Dairy Products .............. (202) 690-3347 Ralph Mondesir - Hogs and Pigs ............ (202) 720-3106 Suzanne Richards - Sheep and Goats ........ (202) 720-4448 Access to NASS Reports For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways: All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: www.nass.usda.gov. Both national and state specific reports are available via a free e- mail subscription. To set-up this free subscription, visit www.nass.usda.gov and click on "National" or "State" in upper right corner above "search" box to create an account and select the reports you would like to receive. Cornell's Mann Library has launched a new website housing NASS's and other agency's archived reports. The new website, https://usda.library.cornell.edu. All email subscriptions containing reports will be sent from the new website, https://usda.library.cornell.edu. To continue receiving the reports via e-mail, you will have to go to the new website, create a new account and re-subscribe to the reports. If you need instructions to set up an account or subscribe, they are located at: https://usda.library.cornell.edu/help. You should whitelist notifications@usda-esmis.library.cornell.edu in your email client to avoid the emails going into spam/junk folders. For more information on NASS surveys and reports, call the NASS Agricultural Statistics Hotline at (800) 727-9540, 7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET, or e-mail: nass@usda.gov. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination against its customers, employees, and applicants for employment on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, sex, gender identity, religion, reprisal, and where applicable, political beliefs, marital status, familial or parental status, sexual orientation, or all or part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program, or protected genetic information in employment or in any program or activity conducted or funded by the Department. (Not all prohibited bases will apply to all programs and/or employment activities.) If you wish to file a Civil Rights program complaint of discrimination, complete the USDA Program Discrimination Complaint Form (PDF), found online at www.ascr.usda.gov/filing-program-discrimination-complaint-usda-customer, or at any USDA office, or call (866) 632-9992 to request the form. You may also write a letter containing all of the information requested in the form. Send your completed complaint form or letter to us by mail at U.S. Department of Agriculture, Director, Office of Adjudication, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410, by fax (202) 690-7442 or email at program.intake@usda.gov.