Cattle on Feed ISSN: 1948-9080 Released June 20, 2025, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). United States Cattle on Feed Down 1 Percent Cattle and calves on feed for the slaughter market in the United States for feedlots with capacity of 1,000 or more head totaled 11.4 million head on June 1, 2025. The inventory was 1 percent below June 1, 2024. Placements in feedlots during May totaled 1.89 million head, 8 percent below 2024. Net placements were 1.82 million head. During May, placements of cattle and calves weighing less than 600 pounds were 335,000 head, 600-699 pounds were 275,000 head, 700-799 pounds were 450,000 head, 800-899 pounds were 516,000 head, 900-999 pounds were 230,000 head, and 1,000 pounds and greater were 80,000 head. Marketings of fed cattle during May totaled 1.76 million head, 10 percent below 2024. Other disappearance totaled 62,000 head during May, unchanged from 2024. Cattle on Feed Inventory, Placements, Marketings, and Other Disappearance on 1,000+ Capacity Feedlots - United States: June 1, 2024 and 2025 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : Percent of Item : 2024 : 2025 :previous year ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---- 1,000 head ---- percent : On feed May 1 ..........................: 11,554 11,376 98 Placed on feed during May ..............: 2,046 1,886 92 Fed cattle marketed during May .........: 1,955 1,758 90 Other disappearance during May .........: 62 62 100 On feed June 1 .........................: 11,583 11,442 99 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Cattle on Feed Inventory, Placements, Marketings, and Other Disappearance on 1,000+ Capacity Feedlots - United States: May 1, 2024 and 2025 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : Percent of Item : 2024 : 2025 :previous year ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---- 1,000 head ---- percent : On feed April 1 ........................: 11,826 11,638 98 Placed on feed during April ............: 1,656 1,613 97 Fed cattle marketed during April .......: 1,872 1,825 97 Other disappearance during April .......: 56 50 89 On feed May 1 ..........................: 11,554 11,376 98 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Cattle on Feed Inventory on 1,000+ Capacity Feedlots by Month - States and United States: 2024 and 2025 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : June 1, 2025 : : :-------------------------------------------- State : June 1, 2024 : May 1, 2025 : : Percent of : Percent of : : : Inventory :previous year :previous month --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : --------------- 1,000 head -------------- ----- percent ----- : Arizona ..........: 253 231 232 92 100 California .......: 525 485 490 93 101 Colorado .........: 960 960 920 96 96 Idaho ............: 335 335 330 99 99 Iowa .............: 660 680 680 103 100 Kansas ...........: 2,320 2,290 2,350 101 103 Minnesota ........: 105 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Nebraska .........: 2,480 2,550 2,560 103 100 Oklahoma .........: 330 325 335 102 103 South Dakota .....: 220 235 220 100 94 Texas ............: 2,840 2,590 2,630 93 102 Washington .......: 245 255 260 106 102 : Other States .....: 310 440 435 140 99 : United States ....: 11,583 11,376 11,442 99 101 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. Cattle Placed on Feed on 1,000+ Capacity Feedlots by Month - States and United States: 2024 and 2025 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : During May 2025 : During : During :-------------------------------------------- State : May 2024 : April 2025 : : Percent of : Percent of : : : Placements :previous year :previous month --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------------ 1,000 head ----------- ----- percent ----- : Arizona ..........: 25 23 21 84 91 California .......: 60 51 62 103 122 Colorado .........: 170 120 120 71 100 Idaho ............: 43 38 42 98 111 Iowa .............: 73 87 74 101 85 Kansas ...........: 485 380 470 97 124 Minnesota ........: 9 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Nebraska .........: 495 445 495 100 111 Oklahoma .........: 74 45 58 78 129 South Dakota .....: 24 29 24 100 83 Texas ............: 505 310 420 83 135 Washington .......: 39 33 42 108 127 : Other States .....: 44 52 58 132 112 : United States ....: 2,046 1,613 1,886 92 117 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. Cattle Placed on Feed by Weight Group on 1,000+ Capacity Feedlots and Month - States and United States: 2024 and 2025 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : During May 2024 :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State :Under 600 lbs : 600-699 lbs : 700-799 lbs : 800-899 lbs : 900+ lbs 1/ : 900-999 lbs : 1,000+ lbs : Total --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head : Colorado ......: 30 25 40 45 30 (D) (D) 170 Kansas ........: 55 75 145 130 80 (D) (D) 485 Nebraska ......: 40 50 110 165 130 (D) (D) 495 Texas .........: 160 105 120 90 30 (D) (D) 505 : Other States ..: 110 60 70 101 50 (D) (D) 391 : United States .: 395 315 485 531 (X) 230 90 2,046 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : During April 2025 :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State :Under 600 lbs : 600-699 lbs : 700-799 lbs : 800-899 lbs : 900+ lbs 1/ : 900-999 lbs : 1,000+ lbs : Total --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head : Colorado ......: 25 20 25 30 20 (D) (D) 120 Kansas ........: 45 55 115 105 60 (D) (D) 380 Nebraska ......: 30 45 100 160 110 (D) (D) 445 Texas .........: 110 55 65 55 25 (D) (D) 310 : Other States ..: 100 50 65 93 50 (D) (D) 358 : United States .: 310 225 370 443 (X) 195 70 1,613 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : During May 2025 :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State :Under 600 lbs : 600-699 lbs : 700-799 lbs : 800-899 lbs : 900+ lbs 1/ : 900-999 lbs : 1,000+ lbs : Total --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head : Colorado ......: 20 20 30 30 20 (D) (D) 120 Kansas ........: 55 75 140 130 70 (D) (D) 470 Nebraska ......: 40 50 105 165 135 (D) (D) 495 Texas .........: 120 75 105 90 30 (D) (D) 420 : Other States ..: 100 55 70 101 55 (D) (D) 381 : United States .: 335 275 450 516 (X) 230 80 1,886 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (X) Not applicable. 1/ The 900 pounds and greater weight group is the sum of 900-999 pounds and 1,000 pounds and greater weight groups. Cattle Marketed on 1,000+ Capacity Feedlots by Month - States and United States: 2024 and 2025 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : During May 2025 : During : During :-------------------------------------------- State : May 2024 : April 2025 : : Percent of : Percent of : : : Marketings :previous year :previous month --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------------ 1,000 head ----------- ----- percent ----- : Arizona ..........: 25 19 19 76 100 California .......: 54 60 51 94 85 Colorado .........: 155 155 150 97 97 Idaho ............: 47 42 46 98 110 Iowa .............: 71 86 72 101 84 Kansas ...........: 455 420 400 88 95 Minnesota ........: 13 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Nebraska .........: 510 485 470 92 97 Oklahoma .........: 63 54 47 75 87 South Dakota .....: 47 33 37 79 112 Texas ............: 420 380 370 88 97 Washington .......: 38 37 36 95 97 : Other States .....: 57 54 60 105 111 : United States ....: 1,955 1,825 1,758 90 96 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. Cattle Other Disappearance on 1,000+ Capacity Feedlots by Month - States and United States: 2024 and 2025 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : During May 2025 : During : During :-------------------------------------------- State : May 2024 : April 2025 : Other : Percent of : Percent of : : :disappearance :previous year :previous month --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----------- 1,000 head ---------- ----- percent ----- : Arizona ..........: 1 1 1 100 100 California .......: 6 6 6 100 100 Colorado .........: 5 5 10 200 200 Idaho ............: 1 1 1 100 100 Iowa .............: 2 1 2 100 200 Kansas ...........: 10 10 10 100 100 Minnesota ........: 1 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Nebraska .........: 15 10 15 100 150 Oklahoma .........: 1 1 1 100 100 South Dakota .....: 2 1 2 100 200 Texas ............: 15 10 10 67 100 Washington .......: 1 1 1 100 100 : Other States .....: 2 3 3 150 100 : United States ....: 62 50 62 100 124 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. Terms and Definitions of Cattle on Feed Estimates Cattle on feed are steers and heifers being fed a ration of grain, silage, hay and/or protein supplement for slaughter market that are expected to produce a carcass that will grade select or better. It excludes cattle being "backgrounded only" for later sale as feeders or later placement in another feedlot. Placements are steers and heifers put into a feedlot, fed a ration which will produce a carcass that will grade select or better, and are intended for the slaughter market. Marketings are steers and heifers shipped out of feedlots to a slaughter market. Other disappearance includes death loss, movement from feedlots to pasture, and shipments to other feedlots for further feeding. Statistical Methodology Survey Procedures: During January and July all known feedlots in the United States with capacity of 1,000 or more head are surveyed to provide data for cattle on feed estimates. During the other months, all known feedlots from 16 States are surveyed. The 16 States account for approximately 98 percent of the cattle on feed in feedlots with capacity of 1,000 or more head. Individual State estimates are published monthly for 11 of the 16 States. In 2025, data collected from the remaining 5 States are used to establish the "Other States" estimates. These 5 States include Illinois, New Mexico, Oregon, Wyoming and in 2025, Minnesota was added. The "Other States" category represents all cattle on feed with a capacity of 1,000 or more head for the rest of the United States. Estimating Procedures: These cattle on feed estimates were prepared by the Agricultural Statistics Board after reviewing recommendations and analysis submitted by Regional Field Offices. Regional and State survey data were reviewed for reasonableness with each other and with estimates from the previous month when establishing the current estimates. Revision Policy: Revisions to previous estimates are made to improve month to month relationships. Estimates for the previous month are subject to revision in all States each month when current estimates are made. In February, all monthly estimates for the previous year, and the number of feedlots and annual marketings from two years ago are reviewed and subject to revisions. The reviews are primarily based on slaughter data, state check-off or brand data, and any other data that may have been received after the original estimate was made. Estimates will also be reviewed after data from the Census of Agriculture are available. No revisions will be made after that date and estimates become final. Reliability: Since all 1,000+ capacity cattle on feed operators in every State are not included in the monthly survey, survey estimates are subject to sampling variability. Survey results are also subject to non-sampling errors such as omissions, duplications, and mistakes in reporting, recording, and processing the data. The effects of these errors cannot be measured directly. They are minimized through rigid quality controls in the data collection process and through a careful review of all reported data for consistency and reasonableness. To assist users in evaluating the reliability of estimates in this report, the "Root Mean Square Error" is shown for selected items in the table on the following page. The "Root Mean Square Error" is a statistical measure based on past performance and is computed using the differences between first and latest estimates. The "Root Mean Square Error" for cattle on feed inventory estimates over the past 24 months is 0.1 percent. This means that chances are 2 out of 3 that the final estimate will not be above or below the current estimate of 11.4 million head by more than 0.1 percent. Chances are 9 out of 10 that the difference will not exceed 0.3 percent. The table on the following page shows a 24-month record of the range of differences between first and latest estimates for selected items. Using estimates of number on feed as an example, changes between the first estimate and the latest estimate during the past 24 months have averaged 10,000 head, ranging from 0 to 39,000 head. During this period the initial estimate has been above the latest estimate 1 time and has been below the latest estimate 8 times. This does not imply that the initial estimate is likely to understate or overstate final inventory. Reliability of Monthly Cattle on Feed Estimates [Based on data for the past 24 months] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Root mean : 90 percent : Difference between first and latest estimate : square error : confidence : : : : : : : level :------------------------------------------------------------- Item : : : : : : Months : : : : : :------------------------------- : : : Average :Smallest : Largest : Below latest : Above latest -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent percent -------- 1,000 ------- ----- number ---- : On feed ......................: 0.1 0.3 10 0 39 8 1 : Placements ...................: 0.3 0.5 3 0 20 6 6 : Marketings ...................: 0.1 0.2 1 0 6 7 3 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Information Contacts Listed below are the commodity specialists in the Livestock Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to nass@usda.gov. Travis Averill, Chief, Livestock Branch ................. (202) 692-0069 Sherry Bertramsen - Livestock Slaughter .............. (202) 690-8632 Ryan Cowen - Cattle, Cattle on Feed, Dairy Products .. (202) 720-3040 Kim DaPra - Milk Production and Milk Cows............. (202) 720-3278 Ralph Mondesir - Hogs and Pigs ....................... (202) 720-3106 Suzanne Richards - Sheep and Goats ................... (202) 720-4448 Access to NASS Reports For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways: All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: www.nass.usda.gov. The national specific reports are available via a free e-mail subscription. To set-up this free subscription, visit www.nass.usda.gov and click on "National" in upper right corner above "search" box to create an account and select the reports you would like to receive. 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