Cattle on Feed ISSN: 1948-9080 Released August 22, 2025, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). United States Cattle on Feed Down 2 Percent Cattle and calves on feed for the slaughter market in the United States for feedlots with capacity of 1,000 or more head totaled 10.9 million head on August 1, 2025. The inventory was 2 percent below August 1, 2024. Placements in feedlots during July totaled 1.60 million head, 6 percent below 2024. Net placements were 1.55 million head. During July, placements of cattle and calves weighing less than 600 pounds were 340,000 head, 600-699 pounds were 245,000 head, 700-799 pounds were 365,000 head, 800-899 pounds were 378,000 head, 900-999 pounds were 195,000 head, and 1,000 pounds and greater were 75,000 head. Marketings of fed cattle during July totaled 1.75 million head, 6 percent below 2024. Other disappearance totaled 51,000 head during July, 9 percent below 2024. Cattle on Feed Inventory, Placements, Marketings, and Other Disappearance on 1,000+ Capacity Feedlots - United States: August 1, 2024 and 2025 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : Percent of Item : 2024 : 2025 :previous year ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---- 1,000 head ---- percent : On feed July 1 .........................: 11,304 11,124 98 Placed on feed during July .............: 1,702 1,598 94 Fed cattle marketed during July ........: 1,855 1,749 94 Other disappearance during July ........: 56 51 91 On feed August 1 .......................: 11,095 10,922 98 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Cattle on Feed Inventory, Placements, Marketings, and Other Disappearance on 1,000+ Capacity Feedlots - United States: July 1, 2024 and 2025 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : Percent of Item : 2024 : 2025 :previous year ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---- 1,000 head ---- percent : On feed June 1 .........................: 11,583 11,443 99 Placed on feed during June .............: 1,564 1,441 92 Fed cattle marketed during June ........: 1,786 1,707 96 Other disappearance during June ........: 57 53 93 On feed July 1 .........................: 11,304 11,124 98 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Cattle on Feed Inventory on 1,000+ Capacity Feedlots by Month - States and United States: 2024 and 2025 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : August 1, 2025 : : :-------------------------------------------- State : August 1, 2024 : July 1, 2025 : : Percent of : Percent of : : : Inventory :previous year :previous month --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : --------------- 1,000 head -------------- ----- percent ----- : Arizona ..........: 240 229 222 93 97 California .......: 520 485 475 91 98 Colorado .........: 960 900 880 92 98 Idaho ............: 310 330 325 105 98 Iowa .............: 650 690 690 106 100 Kansas ...........: 2,210 2,270 2,270 103 100 Minnesota ........: 100 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Nebraska .........: 2,320 2,440 2,390 103 98 Oklahoma .........: 325 320 310 95 97 South Dakota .....: 190 205 190 100 93 Texas ............: 2,740 2,570 2,490 91 97 Washington .......: 240 255 255 106 100 : Other States .....: 290 430 425 147 99 : United States ....: 11,095 11,124 10,922 98 98 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. Cattle Placed on Feed on 1,000+ Capacity Feedlots by Month - States and United States: 2024 and 2025 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : During July 2025 : During : During :-------------------------------------------- State : July 2024 : June 2025 : : Percent of : Percent of : : : Placements :previous year :previous month --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------------ 1,000 head ----------- ----- percent ----- : Arizona ..........: 16 17 17 106 100 California .......: 45 55 53 118 96 Colorado .........: 145 110 110 76 100 Idaho ............: 32 34 38 119 112 Iowa .............: 56 57 66 118 116 Kansas ...........: 425 360 435 102 121 Minnesota ........: 8 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Nebraska .........: 450 360 440 98 122 Oklahoma .........: 45 36 41 91 114 South Dakota .....: 21 23 22 105 96 Texas ............: 385 300 290 75 97 Washington .......: 37 33 33 89 100 : Other States .....: 37 56 53 143 95 : United States ....: 1,702 1,441 1,598 94 111 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. Cattle Placed on Feed by Weight Group on 1,000+ Capacity Feedlots and Month - States and United States: 2024 and 2025 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : During July 2024 :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State :Under 600 lbs : 600-699 lbs : 700-799 lbs : 800-899 lbs : 900+ lbs 1/ : 900-999 lbs : 1,000+ lbs : Total --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head : Colorado ......: 30 25 35 30 25 (D) (D) 145 Kansas ........: 60 70 125 110 60 (D) (D) 425 Nebraska ......: 40 50 100 140 120 (D) (D) 450 Texas .........: 175 85 70 40 15 (D) (D) 385 : Other States ..: 85 35 55 67 55 (D) (D) 297 : United States .: 390 265 385 387 (X) 200 75 1,702 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : During June 2025 :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State :Under 600 lbs : 600-699 lbs : 700-799 lbs : 800-899 lbs : 900+ lbs 1/ : 900-999 lbs : 1,000+ lbs : Total --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head : Colorado ......: 20 20 25 25 20 (D) (D) 110 Kansas ........: 55 65 100 90 50 (D) (D) 360 Nebraska ......: 35 45 80 100 100 (D) (D) 360 Texas .........: 120 65 60 35 20 (D) (D) 300 : Other States ..: 90 40 50 76 55 (D) (D) 311 : United States .: 320 235 315 326 (X) 165 80 1,441 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : During July 2025 :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State :Under 600 lbs : 600-699 lbs : 700-799 lbs : 800-899 lbs : 900+ lbs 1/ : 900-999 lbs : 1,000+ lbs : Total --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head : Colorado ......: 20 20 25 25 20 (D) (D) 110 Kansas ........: 60 75 130 110 60 (D) (D) 435 Nebraska ......: 40 50 95 135 120 (D) (D) 440 Texas .........: 130 60 55 30 15 (D) (D) 290 : Other States ..: 90 40 60 78 55 (D) (D) 323 : United States .: 340 245 365 378 (X) 195 75 1,598 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (X) Not applicable. 1/ The 900 pounds and greater weight group is the sum of 900-999 pounds and 1,000 pounds and greater weight groups. Cattle Marketed on 1,000+ Capacity Feedlots by Month - States and United States: 2024 and 2025 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : During July 2025 : During : During :-------------------------------------------- State : July 2024 : June 2025 : : Percent of : Percent of : : : Marketings :previous year :previous month --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------------ 1,000 head ----------- ----- percent ----- : Arizona ..........: 24 20 23 96 115 California .......: 49 54 57 116 106 Colorado .........: 150 125 125 83 100 Idaho ............: 51 31 42 82 135 Iowa .............: 55 46 65 118 141 Kansas ...........: 425 430 425 100 99 Minnesota ........: 12 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Nebraska .........: 510 470 480 94 102 Oklahoma .........: 44 50 50 114 100 South Dakota .....: 34 36 35 103 97 Texas ............: 420 350 360 86 103 Washington .......: 36 37 32 89 86 : Other States .....: 45 58 55 122 95 : United States ....: 1,855 1,707 1,749 94 102 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. Cattle Other Disappearance on 1,000+ Capacity Feedlots by Month - States and United States: 2024 and 2025 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : During July 2025 : During : During :-------------------------------------------- State : July 2024 : June 2025 : Other : Percent of : Percent of : : :disappearance :previous year :previous month --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----------- 1,000 head ---------- ----- percent ----- : Arizona ..........: 1 1 1 100 100 California .......: 6 6 6 100 100 Colorado .........: 5 5 5 100 100 Idaho ............: 1 3 1 100 33 Iowa .............: 1 1 1 100 100 Kansas ...........: 10 10 10 100 100 Minnesota ........: 1 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Nebraska .........: 10 10 10 100 100 Oklahoma .........: 1 1 1 100 100 South Dakota .....: 2 2 2 100 100 Texas ............: 15 10 10 67 100 Washington .......: 1 1 1 100 100 : Other States .....: 2 3 3 150 100 : United States ....: 56 53 51 91 96 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. Terms and Definitions of Cattle on Feed Estimates Cattle on feed are steers and heifers being fed a ration of grain, silage, hay and/or protein supplement for slaughter market that are expected to produce a carcass that will grade select or better. It excludes cattle being "backgrounded only" for later sale as feeders or later placement in another feedlot. Placements are steers and heifers put into a feedlot, fed a ration which will produce a carcass that will grade select or better, and are intended for the slaughter market. Marketings are steers and heifers shipped out of feedlots to a slaughter market. Other disappearance includes death loss, movement from feedlots to pasture, and shipments to other feedlots for further feeding. Statistical Methodology Survey Procedures: During January and July all known feedlots in the United States with capacity of 1,000 or more head are surveyed to provide data for cattle on feed estimates. During the other months, all known feedlots from 16 States are surveyed. The 16 States account for approximately 98 percent of the cattle on feed in feedlots with capacity of 1,000 or more head. Individual State estimates are published monthly for 11 of the 16 States. In 2025, data collected from the remaining 5 States are used to establish the "Other States" estimates. These 5 States include Illinois, New Mexico, Oregon, Wyoming and in 2025, Minnesota was added. The "Other States" category represents all cattle on feed with a capacity of 1,000 or more head for the rest of the United States. Estimating Procedures: These cattle on feed estimates were prepared by the Agricultural Statistics Board after reviewing recommendations and analysis submitted by Regional Field Offices. Regional and State survey data were reviewed for reasonableness with each other and with estimates from the previous month when establishing the current estimates. Revision Policy: Revisions to previous estimates are made to improve month to month relationships. Estimates for the previous month are subject to revision in all States each month when current estimates are made. In February, all monthly estimates for the previous year, and the number of feedlots and annual marketings from two years ago are reviewed and subject to revisions. The reviews are primarily based on slaughter data, state check-off or brand data, and any other data that may have been received after the original estimate was made. Estimates will also be reviewed after data from the Census of Agriculture are available. No revisions will be made after that date and estimates become final. Reliability: Since all 1,000+ capacity cattle on feed operators in every State are not included in the monthly survey, survey estimates are subject to sampling variability. Survey results are also subject to non-sampling errors such as omissions, duplications, and mistakes in reporting, recording, and processing the data. The effects of these errors cannot be measured directly. They are minimized through rigid quality controls in the data collection process and through a careful review of all reported data for consistency and reasonableness. To assist users in evaluating the reliability of estimates in this report, the "Root Mean Square Error" is shown for selected items in the table on the following page. The "Root Mean Square Error" is a statistical measure based on past performance and is computed using the differences between first and latest estimates. The "Root Mean Square Error" for cattle on feed inventory estimates over the past 24 months is 0.1 percent. This means that chances are 2 out of 3 that the final estimate will not be above or below the current estimate of 10.9 million head by more than 0.1 percent. Chances are 9 out of 10 that the difference will not exceed 0.2 percent. The table on the following page shows a 24-month record of the range of differences between first and latest estimates for selected items. Using estimates of number on feed as an example, changes between the first estimate and the latest estimate during the past 24 months have averaged 6,000 head, ranging from 0 to 34,000 head. During this period the initial estimate has been above the latest estimate 1 time and has been below the latest estimate 7 times. This does not imply that the initial estimate is likely to understate or overstate final inventory. Reliability of Monthly Cattle on Feed Estimates [Based on data for the past 24 months] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Root mean : 90 percent : Difference between first and latest estimate : square error : confidence : : : : : : : level :------------------------------------------------------------- Item : : : : : : Months : : : : : :------------------------------- : : : Average :Smallest : Largest : Below latest : Above latest -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent percent ------- 1,000 ------- ----- number ---- : On feed ......................: 0.1 0.2 6 0 34 7 1 : Placements ...................: 0.3 0.5 3 0 20 5 6 : Marketings ...................: 0.1 0.2 1 0 5 6 3 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Information Contacts Listed below are the commodity specialists in the Livestock Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to nass@usda.gov. Travis Averill, Chief, Livestock Branch................................................ (202) 692-0069 Sherry Bertramsen - Livestock Slaughter............................................. (202) 690-8632 Tiffany Byrne - Dairy Products...................................................... (651) 440-7789 Ryan Cowen - Cattle, Cattle on Feed................................................. (202) 720-3040 Kim DaPra - Milk Production......................................................... (202) 720-3278 Fatema Haque - Poultry Slaughter, Turkey Hatchery, Turkeys Raised................... (202) 720-3244 Derron Martin - Catfish, Census of Aquaculture, Egg Products, Mink, Trout........... (202) 690-3237 Ralph Mondesir - Hogs and Pigs...................................................... (202) 720-3106 Suzanne Richards - Cost of Pollination, Honey, Honey Bee Colonies, Sheep and Goats.. (202) 720-4448 Shulonda Shaw - Capacity of Refrigerated Warehouses, Cold Storage................... (202) 720-3240 Autumn Stone - Layers, Eggs......................................................... (202) 690-3676 Takiyah Walker - Broiler Hatchery, Chicken Hatchery................................. (202) 720-6147 Access to NASS Reports For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways: All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: www.nass.usda.gov. The national specific reports are available via a free e-mail subscription. To set-up this free subscription, visit www.nass.usda.gov and click on "National" in upper right corner above "search" box to create an account and select the reports you would like to receive. Cornell's Mann Library website houses NASS's and other agency's archived reports at https://usda.library.cornell.edu. All email subscriptions containing reports will be sent from https://usda.library.cornell.edu. 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