Milk Production ISSN: 1949-1557 Released July 21, 2022, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). June Milk Production up 0.3 Percent Milk production in the 24 major States during June totaled 18.1 billion pounds, up 0.3 percent from June 2021. May revised production, at 18.9 billion pounds, was down 0.4 percent from May 2021. The May revision represented an increase of 37 million pounds or 0.2 percent from last month's preliminary production estimate. Production per cow in the 24 major States averaged 2,031 pounds for June, 20 pounds above June 2021. The number of milk cows on farms in the 24 major States was 8.93 million head, 65,000 head less than June 2021, but 4,000 head more than May 2022. April-June Milk Production down 0.5 Percent Milk production in the United States during the April - June quarter totaled 57.9 billion pounds, down 0.5 percent from the April - June quarter last year. The average number of milk cows in the United States during the quarter was 9.42 million head, 32,000 head more than the January - March quarter, but 87,000 head less than the same period last year. Milk Cows and Production by Quarter - United States: 2021-2022 [May not add due to rounding. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Milk cows 1/ : Milk per cow 2/ : Milk production 2/ :--------------------------------------------------------------------- Quarter : : : : : : : Change : 2021 : 2022 : 2021 : 2022 : 2021 : 2022 : from : : : : : : : 2021 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head ---- pounds ---- million pounds percent : January-March ...: 9,466 9,384 6,005 6,000 56,847 56,305 -1.0 April-June ......: 9,503 9,416 6,119 6,147 58,147 57,883 -0.5 July-September ..: 9,442 5,914 55,836 October-December : 9,381 5,909 55,428 : Annual ..........: 9,448 23,948 226,258 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Includes dry cows. Excludes heifers not yet fresh. 2/ Excludes milk sucked by calves. Milk Cows and Production by Month - 24 Selected States: 2021-2022 [May not add due to rounding. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Milk cows 1/ : Milk per cow 2/ : Milk production 2/ :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : : : : Change Month : 2021 : 2022 : 2021 : 2022 : 2021 : 2022 : from : : : : : : : 2021 :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head 1,000 head pounds pounds million pounds million pounds percent : January .......: 8,938 8,874 2,067 2,051 18,477 18,198 -1.5 February ......: 8,954 8,887 1,884 1,885 16,871 16,755 -0.7 March .........: 8,970 8,909 2,106 2,114 18,888 18,835 -0.3 April .........: 8,987 8,910 2,055 2,053 18,467 18,296 -0.9 May ...........: 8,996 8,922 2,106 2,116 18,949 18,878 -0.4 June ..........: 8,991 8,926 2,011 2,031 18,078 18,128 0.3 July ..........: 8,983 2,034 18,272 August ........: 8,939 2,004 17,910 September .....: 8,909 1,935 17,239 October .......: 8,892 2,003 17,812 November ......: 8,888 1,939 17,232 December ......: 8,880 2,024 17,971 : Annual ........: 8,944 24,169 216,166 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Includes dry cows. Excludes heifers not yet fresh. 2/ Excludes milk sucked by calves. Estimated Milk Cows and Production by Month - United States: 2021-2022 [May not add due to rounding. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Milk cows 1/ : Milk per cow 2/ : Milk production 2/ :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : : : : Change Month : 2021 : 2022 : 2021 : 2022 : 2021 : 2022 : from : : : : : : : 2021 :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head 1,000 head pounds pounds million pounds million pounds percent : January .......: 9,450 9,367 2,049 2,034 19,365 19,050 -1.6 February ......: 9,466 9,380 1,868 1,870 17,685 17,540 -0.8 March .........: 9,482 9,404 2,088 2,096 19,797 19,715 -0.4 April .........: 9,500 9,405 2,037 2,036 19,350 19,153 -1.0 May ...........: 9,507 9,419 2,088 2,097 19,855 19,755 -0.5 June ..........: 9,501 9,423 1,994 2,014 18,942 18,975 0.2 July ..........: 9,483 2,014 19,097 August ........: 9,438 1,984 18,721 September .....: 9,405 1,916 18,018 October .......: 9,387 1,984 18,623 November ......: 9,382 1,920 18,015 December ......: 9,373 2,005 18,790 : Annual ........: 9,448 23,948 226,258 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Includes dry cows. Excludes heifers not yet fresh. 2/ Excludes milk sucked by calves. Milk Cows and Production - 24 Selected States: June 2021 and 2022 [May not add due to rounding] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Milk cows 1/ : Milk per cow 2/ : Milk production 2/ State :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : : : : Change : 2021 : 2022 : 2021 : 2022 : 2021 : 2022 : from : : : : : : : 2021 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head 1,000 head pounds pounds million pounds million pounds percent : Arizona .........: 200 200 2,025 2,020 405 404 -0.2 California ......: 1,719 1,722 2,010 2,010 3,455 3,461 0.2 Colorado ........: 203 207 2,145 2,165 435 448 3.0 Florida .........: 110 100 1,690 1,715 186 172 -7.5 Georgia .........: 82 92 1,830 1,830 150 168 12.0 Idaho ...........: 654 653 2,130 2,135 1,393 1,394 0.1 Illinois ........: 83 80 1,800 1,800 149 144 -3.4 Indiana .........: 197 188 2,000 2,025 394 381 -3.3 Iowa ............: 228 234 2,025 2,035 462 476 3.0 Kansas ..........: 173 174 1,920 1,965 332 342 3.0 : Michigan ........: 445 429 2,270 2,330 1,010 1,000 -1.0 Minnesota .......: 462 450 1,895 1,925 875 866 -1.0 New Mexico ......: 326 289 2,070 2,050 675 592 -12.3 New York ........: 630 623 2,085 2,105 1,314 1,311 -0.2 Ohio ............: 260 251 1,840 1,875 478 471 -1.5 Oregon ..........: 126 127 1,755 1,760 221 224 1.4 Pennsylvania ....: 475 467 1,780 1,800 846 841 -0.6 South Dakota ....: 157 178 1,910 1,930 300 344 14.7 Texas ...........: 624 648 2,055 2,115 1,282 1,371 6.9 Utah ............: 97 94 1,975 1,975 192 186 -3.1 : Vermont .........: 119 117 1,805 1,805 215 211 -1.9 Virginia ........: 73 70 1,655 1,675 121 117 -3.3 Washington ......: 273 261 2,010 2,015 549 526 -4.2 Wisconsin .......: 1,275 1,272 2,070 2,105 2,639 2,678 1.5 : 24-State Total ..: 8,991 8,926 2,011 2,031 18,078 18,128 0.3 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Includes dry cows. Excludes heifers not yet fresh. 2/ Excludes milk sucked by calves. Milk Cows and Production - 24 Selected States: May 2021 and 2022 [May not add due to rounding] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Milk cows 1/ : Milk per cow 2/ : Milk production 2/ :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : : : : Change : 2021 : 2022 : 2021 : 2022 : 2021 : 2022 : from : : : : : : : 2021 :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- :1,000 head 1,000 head pounds pounds million pounds million pounds percent : Arizona .......: 201 200 2,205 2,195 443 439 -0.9 California ....: 1,719 1,722 2,165 2,130 3,722 3,668 -1.5 Colorado ......: 206 206 2,225 2,235 458 460 0.4 Florida .......: 110 99 1,765 1,815 194 180 -7.2 Georgia .......: 82 92 1,890 1,920 155 177 14.2 Idaho .........: 654 653 2,205 2,200 1,442 1,437 -0.3 Illinois ......: 83 80 1,890 1,915 157 153 -2.5 Indiana .......: 196 187 2,050 2,060 402 385 -4.2 Iowa ..........: 228 234 2,095 2,125 478 497 4.0 Kansas ........: 175 173 2,040 2,080 357 360 0.8 : Michigan ......: 445 427 2,335 2,390 1,039 1,021 -1.7 Minnesota .....: 462 452 1,960 1,980 906 895 -1.2 New Mexico ....: 330 292 2,140 2,165 706 632 -10.5 New York ......: 630 623 2,155 2,190 1,358 1,364 0.4 Ohio ..........: 260 251 1,890 1,920 491 482 -1.8 Oregon ........: 126 127 1,830 1,825 231 232 0.4 Pennsylvania ..: 475 467 1,880 1,890 893 883 -1.1 South Dakota ..: 154 178 1,960 1,985 302 353 16.9 Texas .........: 622 643 2,175 2,225 1,353 1,431 5.8 Utah ..........: 97 94 2,030 2,030 197 191 -3.0 : Vermont .......: 119 118 1,870 1,875 223 221 -0.9 Virginia ......: 73 70 1,785 1,820 130 127 -2.3 Washington ....: 275 261 2,105 2,070 579 540 -6.7 Wisconsin .....: 1,274 1,273 2,145 2,160 2,733 2,750 0.6 : 24-State Total : 8,996 8,922 2,106 2,116 18,949 18,878 -0.4 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Includes dry cows. Excludes heifers not yet fresh. 2/ Excludes milk sucked by calves. Milk Cows and Production - States and United States: Revised January - March 2021 and 2022 [May not add due to rounding] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : January - March milk cows 1/ : January - March milk production 2/ :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ State : : : : : Change : : : : : from : 2021 : 2022 : 2021 : 2022 : 2021 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head 1,000 head million pounds million pounds percent : Alabama ........: 3.0 3.0 12.0 10.0 -16.7 Alaska .........: (D) (D) (D) (D) (NA) Arizona ........: 200.0 197.0 1,284.0 1,267.0 -1.3 Arkansas .......: 5.0 4.5 17.0 13.0 -23.5 California .....: 1,720.0 1,721.0 10,655.0 10,574.0 -0.8 Colorado .......: 203.0 202.0 1,310.0 1,300.0 -0.8 Connecticut ....: 19.0 18.0 112.0 108.0 -3.6 Delaware .......: 3.0 2.8 14.5 13.0 -10.3 Florida ........: 109.0 100.0 587.0 534.0 -9.0 Georgia ........: 80.0 88.0 462.0 517.0 11.9 : Hawaii .........: (D) (D) (D) (D) (NA) Idaho ..........: 651.0 652.0 3,995.0 4,005.0 0.3 Illinois .......: 83.0 80.0 461.0 442.0 -4.1 Indiana ........: 193.0 187.0 1,138.0 1,103.0 -3.1 Iowa ...........: 224.0 227.0 1,374.0 1,390.0 1.2 Kansas .........: 174.0 170.0 1,047.0 1,013.0 -3.2 Kentucky .......: 47.0 45.0 239.0 234.0 -2.1 Louisiana ......: 10.0 9.0 38.0 33.0 -13.2 Maine ..........: 27.0 26.0 146.0 137.0 -6.2 Maryland .......: 43.0 41.0 231.0 218.0 -5.6 : Massachusetts ..: 10.0 9.5 50.0 48.0 -4.0 Michigan .......: 441.0 428.0 2,978.0 2,888.0 -3.0 Minnesota ......: 460.0 454.0 2,624.0 2,572.0 -2.0 Mississippi ....: 8.0 7.0 32.0 26.0 -18.8 Missouri .......: 72.0 68.0 260.0 238.0 -8.5 Montana ........: 11.0 10.5 61.0 57.0 -6.6 Nebraska .......: 59.0 57.0 362.0 352.0 -2.8 Nevada .........: 33.0 32.0 201.0 196.0 -2.5 New Hampshire ..: 10.5 10.5 58.0 55.0 -5.2 New Jersey .....: 4.4 4.3 24.0 23.0 -4.2 : New Mexico .....: 335.0 294.0 2,099.0 1,858.0 -11.5 New York .......: 626.0 620.0 3,846.0 3,813.0 -0.9 North Carolina .: 40.0 39.0 239.0 238.0 -0.4 North Dakota ...: 15.0 14.5 82.0 80.0 -2.4 Ohio ...........: 260.0 249.0 1,425.0 1,370.0 -3.9 Oklahoma .......: 40.0 40.0 178.0 189.0 6.2 Oregon .........: 125.0 126.0 647.0 655.0 1.2 Pennsylvania ...: 475.0 468.0 2,565.0 2,502.0 -2.5 Rhode Island ...: 0.5 0.5 2.6 2.5 -3.8 South Carolina .: 9.5 9.0 44.0 44.0 - : South Dakota ...: 144.0 174.0 814.0 980.0 20.4 Tennessee ......: 29.0 27.0 135.0 126.0 -6.7 Texas ..........: 617.0 634.0 3,883.0 4,072.0 4.9 Utah ...........: 96.0 94.0 546.0 533.0 -2.4 Vermont ........: 120.0 119.0 642.0 635.0 -1.1 Virginia .......: 74.0 71.0 381.0 368.0 -3.4 Washington .....: 278.0 263.0 1,653.0 1,568.0 -5.1 West Virginia ..: 5.0 5.0 19.0 19.0 - Wisconsin ......: 1,265.0 1,273.0 7,820.0 7,829.0 0.1 Wyoming ........: 8.0 9.0 52.0 56.1 7.9 : Other States 3/ : 0.8 1.0 1.7 1.3 -23.5 : United States ..: 9,466.0 9,384.0 56,847.0 56,305.0 -1.0 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. 1/ Includes dry cows. Excludes heifers not yet fresh. 2/ Excludes milk sucked by calves. 3/ Other States includes Alaska and Hawaii. Milk Cows and Production - States and United States: Preliminary April - June 2021 and 2022 [May not add due to rounding] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : April - June milk cows 1/ : April - June milk production 2/ :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ State : : : : : Change : : : : : from : 2021 : 2022 : 2021 : 2022 : 2021 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head 1,000 head million pounds million pounds percent : Alabama ........: 3.0 2.5 11.0 9.0 -18.2 Alaska .........: (D) (D) (D) (D) (NA) Arizona ........: 201.0 200.0 1,287.0 1,280.0 -0.5 Arkansas .......: 5.0 4.5 17.0 11.0 -35.3 California .....: 1,719.0 1,722.0 10,821.0 10,745.0 -0.7 Colorado .......: 205.0 206.0 1,337.0 1,349.0 0.9 Connecticut ....: 19.0 18.0 113.0 111.0 -1.8 Delaware .......: 3.0 2.8 14.0 12.9 -7.9 Florida ........: 110.0 99.0 579.0 527.0 -9.0 Georgia ........: 82.0 92.0 462.0 521.0 12.8 : Hawaii .........: (D) (D) (D) (D) (NA) Idaho ..........: 654.0 653.0 4,210.0 4,209.0 - Illinois .......: 83.0 80.0 462.0 447.0 -3.2 Indiana ........: 196.0 187.0 1,186.0 1,140.0 -3.9 Iowa ...........: 228.0 233.0 1,405.0 1,450.0 3.2 Kansas .........: 174.0 173.0 1,040.0 1,045.0 0.5 Kentucky .......: 46.0 46.0 242.0 248.0 2.5 Louisiana ......: 9.5 9.0 35.0 32.0 -8.6 Maine ..........: 27.0 26.0 149.0 144.0 -3.4 Maryland .......: 43.0 41.0 229.0 216.0 -5.7 : Massachusetts ..: 10.0 9.5 52.0 49.0 -5.8 Michigan .......: 445.0 428.0 3,061.0 2,999.0 -2.0 Minnesota ......: 462.0 452.0 2,656.0 2,622.0 -1.3 Mississippi ....: 7.5 7.0 29.0 26.0 -10.3 Missouri .......: 72.0 68.0 283.0 263.0 -7.1 Montana ........: 11.0 10.0 62.0 57.0 -8.1 Nebraska .......: 58.0 58.0 359.0 361.0 0.6 Nevada .........: 33.0 32.0 213.0 203.0 -4.7 New Hampshire ..: 10.5 10.0 58.0 56.0 -3.4 New Jersey .....: 4.4 4.3 24.0 23.0 -4.2 : New Mexico .....: 330.0 291.0 2,094.0 1,845.0 -11.9 New York .......: 629.0 622.0 3,987.0 3,980.0 -0.2 North Carolina .: 40.0 39.0 239.0 239.0 - North Dakota ...: 15.0 14.0 86.0 81.0 -5.8 Ohio ...........: 260.0 251.0 1,447.0 1,415.0 -2.2 Oklahoma .......: 40.0 40.0 181.0 188.0 3.9 Oregon .........: 126.0 127.0 673.0 681.0 1.2 Pennsylvania ...: 475.0 467.0 2,613.0 2,579.0 -1.3 Rhode Island ...: 0.5 0.5 2.6 2.6 - South Carolina .: 9.0 9.0 42.0 43.0 2.4 : South Dakota ...: 154.0 178.0 889.0 1,033.0 16.2 Tennessee ......: 29.0 27.0 136.0 124.0 -8.8 Texas ..........: 622.0 644.0 3,971.0 4,197.0 5.7 Utah ...........: 97.0 94.0 576.0 560.0 -2.8 Vermont ........: 119.0 118.0 655.0 647.0 -1.2 Virginia .......: 73.0 70.0 380.0 370.0 -2.6 Washington .....: 275.0 262.0 1,687.0 1,592.0 -5.6 West Virginia ..: 5.0 5.0 19.0 20.0 5.3 Wisconsin ......: 1,274.0 1,273.0 8,016.0 8,069.0 0.7 Wyoming ........: 8.5 9.5 55.7 60.3 8.3 : Other States 3/ : 0.9 1.0 1.3 1.3 - : United States ..: 9,503.0 9,416.0 58,147.0 57,883.0 -0.5 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. 1/ Includes dry cows. Excludes heifers not yet fresh. 2/ Excludes milk sucked by calves. 3/ Other States includes Alaska and Hawaii. Statistical Methodology Survey Procedures: Primary data used to determine these estimates were obtained from a sample of producers. Individual States maintain a list of all known milk producers and information on the size of their herd. States use all known sources of producers to ensure that their lists are as complete as possible. Generally, all large producers and a sample of small producers are included in the survey. Questionnaires are mailed to producers near the end of the month to obtain data for the first day of the month. Additional reports are obtained by telephone, as needed, to supplement the mail response. Where feasible, States utilize state and federal administrative data to estimate milk production. This eliminates duplication of data gathering by different government agencies. Indications of milk cow inventory are also obtained in the January Cattle Surveys. Estimation Procedures: Regional Field Offices prepare these estimates by using a combination of survey indications, historic trends, and any available administrative data. Individual State estimates are reviewed by the Agricultural Statistics Board for reasonableness. Revision Policy: Milk production, milk per cow, and number of milk cows are subject to revision the following month after initial publication for monthly States or the following quarter for the quarterly States. Normally, administrative data from Federal Market Orders, State Departments of Agriculture, or other sources are the main basis for revisions. However, administrative data for all States may not be available in time for these revisions. Estimates are again subject to revisions in February each year based on additional administrative data. In the event that additional changes are necessary, a third revision is possible in February the following year. Estimates are again reviewed after data from the five-year Census of Agriculture are available. No revisions are made after that date. Reliability: Since all operations with dairy animals are not included in the sample, survey estimates are subject to sampling variability. Survey results are also subject to non-sampling errors such as omissions, duplications, and mistakes in reporting, recording, and processing the data. The effects of these errors cannot be measured directly. They are minimized through rigid quality controls in the data collection process and through a careful review of all reported data for consistency and reasonableness. To assist users in evaluating the reliability of the estimates in this report, the "Root Mean Square Error" is shown for selected items on the next page. The "Root Mean Square Error" is a statistical measure based on past performance and is computed using the differences between first and final estimates. The "Root Mean Square Error" for milk production estimates over the past 20 quarters is 0.2 percent. This means that chances are 2 out of 3 that the final estimate will not be above or below the current estimate of 57.9 billion pounds by more than 0.2 percent. Chances are 9 out of 10 that the difference will not exceed 0.3 percent. Reliability of Quarterly Milk Production Estimates [Based on data for the past 20 quarters] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Root mean : 90 percent : Difference between first and latest estimate : square error : confidence : : : : : : : level :------------------------------------------------------------- Item : : : : : : Quarters : : : : : :------------------------------- : : : Average :Smallest : Largest : Below latest : Above latest -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent percent -------- 1,000 -------- ----- number ----- : : Milk production ..............: 0.2 0.3 65 7 215 14 6 : All milk cows ................: 0.1 0.2 10 1 26 16 4 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Information Contacts Listed below are the commodity specialists in the Livestock Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to nass@usda.gov. Travis Averill, Chief, Livestock Branch ......... (202) 692-0069 Scott Hollis, Head, Livestock Section ........... (202) 690-2424 Sherry Bertramsen - Livestock Slaughter ...... (202) 690-8632 Ryan Cowen - Cattle, Cattle on Feed .......... (202) 720-3040 Anthony Fischer - Hogs and Pigs .............. (202) 720-3106 Logan Hartley-Sanguinett - Sheep and Goats ... (202) 690-3236 Mike Miller - Milk Production and Milk Cows .. (202) 720-3278 Suzanne Richards - Dairy Products ............ (202) 720-4448 Access to NASS Reports For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways: All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: www.nass.usda.gov. Both national and state specific reports are available via a free e- mail subscription. 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