Cattle ISSN: 1948-9099 Released January 31, 2018, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). January 1 Cattle Inventory Up 1 Percent All cattle and calves in the United States, as of January 1, 2018, totaled 94.4 million head, 1 percent above the 93.7 million head on January 1, 2017. All cows and heifers that have calved, at 41.1 million head, were 1 percent above the 40.6 million head on January 1, 2017. Beef cows, at 31.7 million head, were up 2 percent from a year ago. Milk cows, at 9.40 million head, were up 1 percent from the previous year. All heifers 500 pounds and over, as of January 1, 2018, totaled 20.2 million head, 1 percent above the 20.1 million head on January 1, 2017. Beef replacement heifers, at 6.13 million head, were down 4 percent from a year ago. Milk replacement heifers, at 4.78 million head, were up 1 percent from the previous year. Other heifers, at 9.33 million head, were 4 percent above a year earlier. Steers weighing 500 pounds and over, as of January 1, 2018, totaled 16.4 million head, down slightly from January 1, 2017. Bulls weighing 500 pounds and over, as of January 1, 2018, totaled 2.25 million head, up slightly from January 1, 2017. Calves under 500 pounds, as of January 1, 2018, totaled 14.4 million head, up slightly from January 1, 2017. Cattle and calves on feed for the slaughter market in the United States for all feedlots totaled 14.0 million head on January 1, 2018. The inventory is up 7 percent from the January 1, 2017 total of 13.1 million head. Cattle on feed, in feedlots with capacity of 1,000 or more head, accounted for 82.0 percent of the total cattle on feed on January 1, 2018, up 1 percent from the previous year. The combined total of calves under 500 pounds and other heifers and steers over 500 pounds (outside of feedlots) is 26.1 million head, 2 percent below one year ago. Calf Crop Up 2 Percent The 2017 calf crop in the United States was estimated at 35.8 million head, up 2 percent from last year's calf crop. Calves born during the first half of 2017 were estimated at 26.0 million head, up 2 percent from the first half of 2016. Calves born during the second half of 2017 were estimated at 9.81 million head, 27 percent of the total 2017 calf crop. Revisions All inventory and calf crop estimates for January 1, 2017 and July 1, 2017 were reviewed using calf crop, official slaughter, import and export data, and the relationship of new survey information to the prior surveys. Based on the findings of this review, January 1, 2017 all cattle and calves increased by 0.1 percent and 2016 calf crop increased slightly. July 1, 2017 all cattle and calves decreased by 0.4 percent, all cows and heifers that have calved decreased by 0.7 percent, and 2017 calf crop decreased by 1.4 percent. State level estimates were reviewed and changes were made to reallocate inventory estimates to the United States total. This report was approved on January 31, 2018. Secretary of Agriculture Designate Robert Johansson Agricultural Statistics Board Chairperson Joseph L. Parsons Contents Cattle Inventory by Class and Calf Crop - United States: January 1, 2017 and 2018.......... 4 All Cattle and Calves Inventory - United States: January 1................................. 4 Cattle Inventory by Class - States and United States: January 1, 2017 and 2018............. 5 Calf Crop - States and United States: 2016 and 2017........................................ 9 All Cattle on Feed - States and United States: January 1, 2017 and 2018.................... 10 Number of Cattle Grazing on Small Grain Pasture - 3-State Total: January 1, 2017 and 2018.. 11 Cattle Inventory by Class and Calf Crop - United States: July 1, 2015 and 2017............. 11 Calf Crop and Percent of Total by Six Month Period - United States: 2015, 2016, and 2017... 11 Statistical Methodology.................................................................... 12 Reliability of January 1 Cattle Estimates.................................................. 13 Information Contacts....................................................................... 13 Cattle Inventory by Class and Calf Crop - United States: January 1, 2017 and 2018 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : Percent of Class : 2017 : 2018 :previous year -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ 1,000 head ----- percent : All cattle and calves ...................: 93,704.6 94,399.0 101 : All cows and heifers that have calved ...: 40,559.2 41,122.6 101 Beef cows .............................: 31,213.2 31,723.0 102 Milk cows .............................: 9,346.0 9,399.6 101 : All heifers 500 pounds and over .........: 20,132.0 20,244.8 101 For beef cow replacement ..............: 6,368.2 6,131.2 96 Expected to calve 1/ ................: 3,979.2 3,771.0 95 For milk cow replacement ..............: 4,754.0 4,781.3 101 Expected to calve 1/ ................: 3,071.6 3,037.9 99 Other heifers .........................: 9,009.8 9,332.3 104 : Steers 500 pounds and over ..............: 16,383.5 16,352.2 100 Bulls 500 pounds and over ...............: 2,243.6 2,252.2 100 Calves under 500 pounds .................: 14,386.3 14,427.2 100 : All cattle on feed ......................: 13,067.0 14,006.4 107 : :-------------------------------------------- : : : Percent of : 2016 : 2017 :previous year :-------------------------------------------- Calf crop ...............................: 35,092.7 35,808.2 102 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Replacement heifers expected to calve during the year. Cattle Inventory by Class - States and United States: January 1, 2017 and 2018 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : All cattle and calves : All cows and heifers that have calved :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : Percent of : : : Percent of : 2017 : 2018 :previous year : 2017 : 2018 :previous year --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ 1,000 head ----- percent ------ 1,000 head ----- percent : Alabama .......: 1,300.0 1,340.0 103 700.0 720.0 103 Alaska ........: 13.0 14.0 108 5.0 5.7 114 Arizona .......: 970.0 1,000.0 103 380.0 390.0 103 Arkansas ......: 1,750.0 1,760.0 101 920.0 930.0 101 California ....: 5,150.0 5,200.0 101 2,410.0 2,400.0 100 Colorado ......: 2,850.0 2,850.0 100 960.0 975.0 102 Connecticut ...: 48.0 50.0 104 24.0 25.0 104 Delaware ......: 16.0 17.0 106 7.5 7.5 100 Florida .......: 1,700.0 1,630.0 96 1,030.0 1,010.0 98 Georgia .......: 1,110.0 1,070.0 96 580.0 570.0 98 : Hawaii ........: 142.0 144.0 101 76.0 77.0 101 Idaho .........: 2,370.0 2,400.0 101 1,100.0 1,110.0 101 Illinois ......: 1,220.0 1,150.0 94 480.0 490.0 102 Indiana .......: 890.0 870.0 98 395.0 395.0 100 Iowa ..........: 3,900.0 4,000.0 103 1,180.0 1,190.0 101 Kansas ........: 6,400.0 6,300.0 98 1,720.0 1,660.0 97 Kentucky ......: 2,170.0 2,160.0 100 1,080.0 1,090.0 101 Louisiana .....: 780.0 820.0 105 460.0 485.0 105 Maine .........: 84.0 82.0 98 41.0 40.0 98 Maryland ......: 186.0 193.0 104 90.0 93.0 103 : Massachusetts .: 38.0 38.0 100 18.0 18.0 100 Michigan ......: 1,180.0 1,160.0 98 545.0 530.0 97 Minnesota .....: 2,410.0 2,350.0 98 830.0 820.0 99 Mississippi ...: 890.0 930.0 104 485.0 510.0 105 Missouri ......: 4,350.0 4,450.0 102 2,140.0 2,250.0 105 Montana .......: 2,650.0 2,550.0 96 1,500.0 1,510.0 101 Nebraska ......: 6,450.0 6,800.0 105 1,980.0 1,970.0 99 Nevada ........: 445.0 465.0 104 250.0 270.0 108 New Hampshire .: 35.0 37.0 106 18.5 17.0 92 New Jersey ....: 28.0 29.0 104 14.0 15.0 107 : New Mexico ....: 1,430.0 1,510.0 106 790.0 815.0 103 New York ......: 1,500.0 1,480.0 99 730.0 730.0 100 North Carolina : 830.0 810.0 98 415.0 415.0 100 North Dakota ..: 1,820.0 1,860.0 102 970.0 1,000.0 103 Ohio ..........: 1,300.0 1,300.0 100 550.0 560.0 102 Oklahoma ......: 5,000.0 5,100.0 102 2,130.0 2,170.0 102 Oregon ........: 1,320.0 1,270.0 96 670.0 660.0 99 Pennsylvania ..: 1,620.0 1,620.0 100 710.0 740.0 104 Rhode Island ..: 4.6 5.0 109 2.2 2.4 109 South Carolina : 340.0 340.0 100 185.0 189.0 102 : South Dakota ..: 3,850.0 4,000.0 104 1,780.0 1,920.0 108 Tennessee .....: 1,830.0 1,830.0 100 950.0 950.0 100 Texas .........: 12,300.0 12,500.0 102 4,950.0 5,100.0 103 Utah ..........: 820.0 800.0 98 430.0 435.0 101 Vermont .......: 260.0 260.0 100 143.0 143.0 100 Virginia ......: 1,520.0 1,480.0 97 730.0 720.0 99 Washington ....: 1,150.0 1,160.0 101 500.0 510.0 102 West Virginia .: 405.0 395.0 98 215.0 210.0 98 Wisconsin .....: 3,550.0 3,500.0 99 1,570.0 1,560.0 99 Wyoming .......: 1,330.0 1,320.0 99 720.0 720.0 100 : United States .: 93,704.6 94,399.0 101 40,559.2 41,122.6 101 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --continued Cattle Inventory by Class - States and United States: January 1, 2017 and 2018 (continued) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Beef cows that have calved : Milk cows that have calved :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : Percent of : : : Percent of : 2017 : 2018 :previous year : 2017 : 2018 :previous year --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ 1,000 head ----- percent ----- 1,000 head ----- percent : Alabama .......: 693.0 714.0 103 7.0 6.0 86 Alaska ........: 4.7 5.4 115 0.3 0.3 100 Arizona .......: 184.0 187.0 102 196.0 203.0 104 Arkansas ......: 914.0 924.0 101 6.0 6.0 100 California ....: 655.0 660.0 101 1,755.0 1,740.0 99 Colorado ......: 805.0 809.0 100 155.0 166.0 107 Connecticut ...: 5.0 6.0 120 19.0 19.0 100 Delaware ......: 2.5 2.5 100 5.0 5.0 100 Florida .......: 908.0 886.0 98 122.0 124.0 102 Georgia .......: 497.0 485.0 98 83.0 85.0 102 : Hawaii ........: 73.6 75.0 102 2.4 2.0 83 Idaho .........: 500.0 510.0 102 600.0 600.0 100 Illinois ......: 387.0 397.0 103 93.0 93.0 100 Indiana .......: 210.0 208.0 99 185.0 187.0 101 Iowa ..........: 965.0 970.0 101 215.0 220.0 102 Kansas ........: 1,570.0 1,507.0 96 150.0 153.0 102 Kentucky ......: 1,023.0 1,033.0 101 57.0 57.0 100 Louisiana .....: 448.0 473.0 106 12.0 12.0 100 Maine .........: 11.0 10.0 91 30.0 30.0 100 Maryland ......: 43.0 46.0 107 47.0 47.0 100 : Massachusetts .: 6.5 6.5 100 11.5 11.5 100 Michigan ......: 120.0 102.0 85 425.0 428.0 101 Minnesota .....: 370.0 365.0 99 460.0 455.0 99 Mississippi ...: 476.0 501.0 105 9.0 9.0 100 Missouri ......: 2,055.0 2,166.0 105 85.0 84.0 99 Montana .......: 1,486.0 1,497.0 101 14.0 13.0 93 Nebraska ......: 1,920.0 1,910.0 99 60.0 60.0 100 Nevada ........: 220.0 238.0 108 30.0 32.0 107 New Hampshire .: 5.0 4.5 90 13.5 12.5 93 New Jersey ....: 7.5 9.0 120 6.5 6.0 92 : New Mexico ....: 465.0 483.0 104 325.0 332.0 102 New York ......: 110.0 105.0 95 620.0 625.0 101 North Carolina : 370.0 370.0 100 45.0 45.0 100 North Dakota ..: 954.0 984.5 103 16.0 15.5 97 Ohio ..........: 288.0 296.0 103 262.0 264.0 101 Oklahoma ......: 2,095.0 2,131.0 102 35.0 39.0 111 Oregon ........: 546.0 536.0 98 124.0 124.0 100 Pennsylvania ..: 185.0 215.0 116 525.0 525.0 100 Rhode Island ..: 1.4 1.6 114 0.8 0.8 100 South Carolina : 170.0 174.0 102 15.0 15.0 100 : South Dakota ..: 1,664.0 1,801.0 108 116.0 119.0 103 Tennessee .....: 909.0 910.0 100 41.0 40.0 98 Texas .........: 4,460.0 4,585.0 103 490.0 515.0 105 Utah ..........: 338.0 338.0 100 92.0 97.0 105 Vermont .......: 14.0 15.0 107 129.0 128.0 99 Virginia ......: 643.0 633.0 98 87.0 87.0 100 Washington ....: 225.0 236.0 105 275.0 274.0 100 West Virginia .: 207.0 203.0 98 8.0 7.0 88 Wisconsin .....: 290.0 285.0 98 1,280.0 1,275.0 100 Wyoming .......: 714.0 714.0 100 6.0 6.0 100 : United States .: 31,213.2 31,723.0 102 9,346.0 9,399.6 101 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --continued Cattle Inventory by Class - States and United States: January 1, 2017 and 2018 (continued) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : All heifers 500 pounds and over :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : Beef cow replacement : Milk cow replacement : Other :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2017 : 2018 : 2017 : 2018 : 2017 : 2018 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head : Alabama .......: 120.0 125.0 4.0 3.0 36.0 37.0 Alaska ........: 1.0 1.4 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.5 Arizona .......: 38.0 36.0 117.0 105.0 35.0 29.0 Arkansas ......: 173.0 160.0 3.0 4.0 64.0 71.0 California ....: 130.0 125.0 760.0 790.0 150.0 175.0 Colorado ......: 190.0 180.0 100.0 100.0 520.0 550.0 Connecticut ...: 2.0 2.0 9.5 9.5 1.0 1.5 Delaware ......: 0.7 0.7 2.2 2.0 0.4 0.4 Florida .......: 125.0 115.0 35.0 40.0 30.0 30.0 Georgia .......: 110.0 95.0 30.0 25.0 50.0 35.0 : Hawaii ........: 13.0 12.0 1.0 1.0 4.0 5.0 Idaho .........: 120.0 120.0 310.0 310.0 190.0 200.0 Illinois ......: 75.0 70.0 52.0 47.0 108.0 98.0 Indiana .......: 50.0 50.0 80.0 75.0 50.0 45.0 Iowa ..........: 185.0 165.0 135.0 135.0 540.0 530.0 Kansas ........: 310.0 280.0 100.0 140.0 1,430.0 1,490.0 Kentucky ......: 150.0 145.0 40.0 45.0 115.0 115.0 Louisiana .....: 85.0 90.0 4.0 4.0 20.0 20.0 Maine .........: 4.0 4.0 15.0 15.0 3.0 3.0 Maryland ......: 11.0 12.0 29.0 28.0 6.0 10.0 : Massachusetts .: 2.0 2.0 7.0 7.0 1.0 1.0 Michigan ......: 25.0 24.0 170.0 176.0 40.0 30.0 Minnesota .....: 95.0 100.0 295.0 290.0 165.0 175.0 Mississippi ...: 93.0 92.0 6.0 7.0 31.0 40.0 Missouri ......: 370.0 365.0 45.0 40.0 235.0 215.0 Montana .......: 425.0 390.0 9.0 7.0 256.0 223.0 Nebraska ......: 375.0 375.0 25.0 15.0 1,380.0 1,520.0 Nevada ........: 41.0 42.0 11.0 12.0 29.0 30.0 New Hampshire .: 1.0 1.5 6.0 8.0 1.0 0.5 New Jersey ....: 1.6 2.1 3.7 3.2 1.2 1.2 : New Mexico ....: 100.0 105.0 110.0 130.0 90.0 95.0 New York ......: 45.0 45.0 355.0 350.0 50.0 50.0 North Carolina : 69.0 66.0 22.0 19.0 25.0 23.0 North Dakota ..: 206.0 191.0 9.0 9.0 215.0 240.0 Ohio ..........: 75.0 70.0 120.0 121.0 60.0 59.0 Oklahoma ......: 435.0 410.0 20.0 25.0 465.0 510.0 Oregon ........: 105.0 95.0 65.0 70.0 115.0 100.0 Pennsylvania ..: 65.0 60.0 315.0 310.0 60.0 60.0 Rhode Island ..: 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.2 South Carolina : 33.0 28.0 7.0 6.0 10.0 9.0 : South Dakota ..: 395.0 435.0 45.0 45.0 530.0 500.0 Tennessee .....: 145.0 135.0 35.0 25.0 90.0 80.0 Texas .........: 810.0 800.0 260.0 250.0 1,350.0 1,470.0 Utah ..........: 85.0 75.0 55.0 50.0 60.0 60.0 Vermont .......: 5.5 5.0 56.0 57.0 6.5 6.0 Virginia ......: 112.0 100.0 38.0 40.0 70.0 70.0 Washington ....: 58.0 52.0 120.0 123.0 117.0 115.0 West Virginia .: 38.0 37.0 4.0 3.0 17.0 18.0 Wisconsin .....: 80.0 80.0 710.0 700.0 50.0 50.0 Wyoming .......: 185.0 160.0 3.0 4.0 137.0 136.0 : United States .: 6,368.2 6,131.2 4,754.0 4,781.3 9,009.8 9,332.3 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --continued Cattle Inventory by Class - States and United States: January 1, 2017 and 2018 (continued) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Steers : Bulls : Calves : 500 pounds and over : 500 pounds and over : under 500 pounds State :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2017 : 2018 : 2017 : 2018 : 2017 : 2018 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head : Alabama .......: 50.0 40.0 50.0 50.0 340.0 365.0 Alaska ........: 0.5 0.5 2.7 2.3 3.2 3.5 Arizona .......: 265.0 275.0 20.0 20.0 115.0 145.0 Arkansas ......: 110.0 110.0 60.0 60.0 420.0 425.0 California ....: 600.0 620.0 70.0 70.0 1,030.0 1,020.0 Colorado ......: 850.0 810.0 55.0 55.0 175.0 180.0 Connecticut ...: 2.0 2.0 0.5 0.5 9.0 9.5 Delaware ......: 1.9 2.1 0.3 0.3 3.0 4.0 Florida .......: 30.0 20.0 60.0 55.0 390.0 360.0 Georgia .......: 37.0 35.0 33.0 35.0 270.0 275.0 : Hawaii ........: 10.0 11.0 4.0 4.0 34.0 34.0 Idaho .........: 310.0 310.0 40.0 40.0 300.0 310.0 Illinois ......: 240.0 195.0 25.0 25.0 240.0 225.0 Indiana .......: 108.0 104.0 17.0 16.0 190.0 185.0 Iowa ..........: 1,310.0 1,390.0 70.0 70.0 480.0 520.0 Kansas ........: 2,050.0 2,020.0 95.0 95.0 695.0 615.0 Kentucky ......: 215.0 195.0 70.0 70.0 500.0 500.0 Louisiana .....: 25.0 23.0 31.0 31.0 155.0 167.0 Maine .........: 4.0 4.0 1.5 1.5 15.5 14.5 Maryland ......: 14.0 17.0 4.0 4.0 32.0 29.0 : Massachusetts .: 2.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 7.0 7.0 Michigan ......: 169.0 180.0 16.0 15.0 215.0 205.0 Minnesota .....: 500.0 475.0 35.0 35.0 490.0 455.0 Mississippi ...: 42.0 48.0 38.0 38.0 195.0 195.0 Missouri ......: 460.0 390.0 120.0 120.0 980.0 1,070.0 Montana .......: 230.0 210.0 100.0 105.0 130.0 105.0 Nebraska ......: 2,290.0 2,480.0 110.0 110.0 290.0 330.0 Nevada ........: 45.0 40.0 14.0 15.0 55.0 56.0 New Hampshire .: 1.5 2.0 0.5 0.5 6.5 7.5 New Jersey ....: 2.1 2.1 1.0 1.0 4.4 4.4 : New Mexico ....: 120.0 130.0 35.0 40.0 185.0 195.0 New York ......: 45.0 47.0 20.0 18.0 255.0 240.0 North Carolina : 43.0 37.0 31.0 30.0 225.0 220.0 North Dakota ..: 255.0 240.0 65.0 70.0 100.0 110.0 Ohio ..........: 220.0 210.0 30.0 30.0 245.0 250.0 Oklahoma ......: 900.0 950.0 160.0 155.0 890.0 880.0 Oregon ........: 155.0 145.0 40.0 40.0 170.0 160.0 Pennsylvania ..: 160.0 130.0 25.0 25.0 285.0 295.0 Rhode Island ..: 0.5 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.7 0.8 South Carolina : 8.0 10.0 15.0 16.0 82.0 82.0 : South Dakota ..: 740.0 680.0 100.0 110.0 260.0 310.0 Tennessee .....: 135.0 150.0 65.0 60.0 410.0 430.0 Texas .........: 2,590.0 2,570.0 340.0 340.0 2,000.0 1,970.0 Utah ..........: 80.0 80.0 27.0 25.0 83.0 75.0 Vermont .......: 4.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 42.0 42.0 Virginia ......: 165.0 160.0 40.0 40.0 365.0 350.0 Washington ....: 190.0 200.0 18.0 20.0 147.0 140.0 West Virginia .: 39.0 41.0 15.0 15.0 77.0 71.0 Wisconsin .....: 400.0 380.0 30.0 30.0 710.0 700.0 Wyoming .......: 160.0 175.0 40.0 40.0 85.0 85.0 : United States .: 16,383.5 16,352.2 2,243.6 2,252.2 14,386.3 14,427.2 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Calf Crop - States and United States: 2016 and 2017 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : Percent of State : 2016 : 2017 : previous year ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -------- 1,000 head -------- percent : Alabama ................................: 600.0 630.0 105 Alaska .................................: 4.0 4.5 113 Arizona ................................: 320.0 310.0 97 Arkansas ...............................: 780.0 790.0 101 California .............................: 1,850.0 1,880.0 102 Colorado ...............................: 830.0 830.0 100 Connecticut ............................: 18.5 17.5 95 Delaware ...............................: 6.0 7.0 117 Florida ................................: 810.0 790.0 98 Georgia ................................: 490.0 480.0 98 : Hawaii .................................: 59.0 60.0 102 Idaho ..................................: 930.0 960.0 103 Illinois ...............................: 410.0 420.0 102 Indiana ................................: 340.0 340.0 100 Iowa ...................................: 1,090.0 1,090.0 100 Kansas .................................: 1,480.0 1,430.0 97 Kentucky ...............................: 980.0 990.0 101 Louisiana ..............................: 350.0 370.0 106 Maine ..................................: 32.0 30.0 94 Maryland ...............................: 68.0 70.0 103 : Massachusetts ..........................: 17.0 17.0 100 Michigan ...............................: 410.0 410.0 100 Minnesota ..............................: 800.0 790.0 99 Mississippi ............................: 380.0 400.0 105 Missouri ...............................: 1,890.0 2,000.0 106 Montana ................................: 1,450.0 1,480.0 102 Nebraska ...............................: 1,700.0 1,700.0 100 Nevada .................................: 200.0 220.0 110 New Hampshire ..........................: 13.5 13.5 100 New Jersey .............................: 9.5 9.5 100 : New Mexico .............................: 610.0 640.0 105 New York ...............................: 560.0 550.0 98 North Carolina .........................: 370.0 365.0 99 North Dakota ...........................: 910.0 960.0 105 Ohio ...................................: 480.0 490.0 102 Oklahoma ...............................: 1,870.0 1,950.0 104 Oregon .................................: 640.0 630.0 98 Pennsylvania ...........................: 560.0 600.0 107 Rhode Island ...........................: 2.2 2.2 100 South Carolina .........................: 148.0 147.0 99 : South Dakota ...........................: 1,690.0 1,840.0 109 Tennessee ..............................: 840.0 850.0 101 Texas ..................................: 4,250.0 4,400.0 104 Utah ...................................: 380.0 375.0 99 Vermont ................................: 105.0 105.0 100 Virginia ...............................: 650.0 640.0 98 Washington .............................: 430.0 440.0 102 West Virginia ..........................: 200.0 195.0 98 Wisconsin ..............................: 1,420.0 1,430.0 101 Wyoming ................................: 660.0 660.0 100 : United States ..........................: 35,092.7 35,808.2 102 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- All Cattle on Feed - States and United States: January 1, 2017 and 2018 [Cattle and calves on feed are steers and heifers being fed a ration of grain, silage, hay, and/or protein supplement for slaughter market that are expected to produce a carcass that will grade select or better. It excludes cattle being "backgrounded only" for later sale as feeders or later placement in another feedlot. Cattle and calves on feed are included in the cattle inventory estimates by class] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : Percent of State : 2017 : 2018 : previous year ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -------- 1,000 head -------- percent : Arizona ................................: 253.0 274.0 108 California .............................: 430.0 490.0 114 Colorado ...............................: 940.0 1,000.0 106 Idaho ..................................: 270.0 265.0 98 Illinois ...............................: 260.0 220.0 85 Indiana ................................: 110.0 90.0 82 Iowa ...................................: 1,160.0 1,260.0 109 Kansas .................................: 2,300.0 2,450.0 107 Kentucky ...............................: 18.0 17.0 94 Maryland ...............................: 9.0 9.0 100 : Michigan ...............................: 145.0 140.0 97 Minnesota ..............................: 375.0 395.0 105 Missouri ...............................: 110.0 90.0 82 Montana ................................: 45.0 45.0 100 Nebraska ...............................: 2,470.0 2,770.0 112 Nevada .................................: 3.0 3.0 100 New York ...............................: 20.0 20.0 100 North Dakota ...........................: 50.0 58.0 116 Ohio ...................................: 150.0 140.0 93 Oklahoma ...............................: 310.0 330.0 106 : Oregon .................................: 85.0 90.0 106 Pennsylvania ...........................: 95.0 85.0 89 South Dakota ...........................: 380.0 430.0 113 Texas ..................................: 2,430.0 2,650.0 109 Utah ...................................: 20.0 20.0 100 Virginia ...............................: 20.0 18.0 90 Washington .............................: 190.0 215.0 113 West Virginia ..........................: 4.0 4.0 100 Wisconsin ..............................: 270.0 280.0 104 Wyoming ................................: 75.0 70.0 93 : Other States 1/ ........................: 70.0 78.4 112 : United States ..........................: 13,067.0 14,006.4 107 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Individual state estimates not available for states not shown, but are included in Other States. Number of Cattle Grazing on Small Grain Pasture - 3-State Total: January 1, 2017 and 2018 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : Percent of States : 2017 : 2018 : previous year ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----- 1,000 head ----- percent : Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas .......: 1,800.0 1,500.0 83 : ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Cattle Inventory by Class and Calf Crop - United States: July 1, 2015 and 2017 [July 2016 "Cattle" report suspended due to budgetary constraints] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : Percent of Class : 2015 : 2017 : 2015 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ 1,000 head ----- percent : Cattle and calves ...................: 98,200.0 102,200.0 104 : Cows and heifers that have calved ...: 39,800.0 41,600.0 105 Beef cows .........................: 30,500.0 32,200.0 106 Milk cows .........................: 9,300.0 9,400.0 101 : Heifers 500 pounds and over .........: 15,700.0 16,200.0 103 For beef cow replacement ..........: 4,800.0 4,700.0 98 For milk cow replacement ..........: 4,200.0 4,200.0 100 Other heifers .....................: 6,700.0 7,300.0 109 : Steers 500 pounds and over ..........: 14,100.0 14,500.0 103 Bulls 500 pounds and over ...........: 1,900.0 2,000.0 105 Calves under 500 pounds .............: 26,700.0 27,900.0 104 : Calf crop ...........................: 34,086.7 35,808.2 105 : Cattle on feed ......................: 12,100.0 12,800.0 106 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Calf Crop and Percent of Total by Six Month Period - United States: 2015, 2016, and 2017 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2015 : 2016 : 2017 :--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Period : : Percent of : : Percent of : : Percent of : Number : total : Number : total : Number : total ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head percent 1,000 head percent 1,000 head percent : January 1 - June 30 .: 24,650.0 72.3 25,550.0 72.8 26,000.0 72.6 July 1 - December 31 : 9,436.7 27.7 9,542.7 27.2 9,808.2 27.4 : Total ...............: 34,086.7 100.0 35,092.7 100.0 35,808.2 100.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Statistical Methodology Survey Procedures: A random sample of United States producers were surveyed to provide data for these estimates. Survey procedures ensured that all cattle producers, regardless of size, had a chance to be included in the survey. Large producers were sampled more heavily than small operations. Data were collected from about 36,300 operators during the first half of January by mail, telephone, internet, and face-to-face personal interviews and 71 percent of the reports were usable. Regardless of when operators responded, they were asked to report inventories as of January 1. Estimating Procedures: These cattle estimates were prepared by the Agricultural Statistics Board after reviewing recommendations and analysis submitted by Regional Field Offices. National and State survey data were reviewed for reasonableness with each other and with estimates from the previous year using a balance sheet. The balance sheet begins with the previous inventory estimate, adds estimates of births and imports, and subtracts estimates of slaughter, exports, and deaths. This indicated ending inventory level is compared to the Agricultural Statistics Board estimate for reasonableness. Revision Policy: Revisions to previous estimates are made to improve year to year and item to item relationships. Estimates for the previous year are subject to revision when current estimates are made. The reviews are primarily based on livestock slaughter and additional foreign trade and survey data. Estimates will also be reviewed after data from the five-year Census of Agriculture are available. No revisions will be made after that date. Reliability: Since all cattle operators are not included in the sample, survey estimates are subject to sampling variability. Survey results are also subject to non-sampling errors such as omissions, duplications, and mistakes in reporting, recording, and processing the data. The effects of these errors cannot be measured directly. They are minimized through rigid quality controls in the data collection process and through a careful review of all reported data for consistency and reasonableness. To assist users in evaluating the reliability of estimates in this report, the "Root Mean Square Error" is shown for selected items in the table on the following page. The "Root Mean Square Error" is a statistical measure based on past performance and is computed using the differences between first and latest estimates. The "Root Mean Square Error" for all cattle and calves inventory estimates over the past 10 years is 0.6 percent. This means that chances are 2 out of 3 that the final estimate will not be above or below the current estimate of 94.4 million head by more than 0.6 percent. Chances are 9 out of 10 that the difference will not exceed 1.0 percent. The table on the following page shows a 10 year record of the range of differences between first and latest estimates for selected items. Using estimates of all cattle and calves as an example, changes between the first inventory estimate and the latest estimate during the past 10 years have averaged 438,000 head, ranging from 70,000 to 796,000 head. During this period the initial inventory estimate has been above the latest estimate 3 times and below the latest estimate 7 times. This does not imply that the January 1 estimate is likely to understate or overstate final inventory. Reliability of January 1 Cattle Estimates [Based on data for the past ten years] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Root mean : 90 percent : Difference between first and latest estimate : square error : confidence : : : : : : : level :------------------------------------------------------------- Item : : : : : : Years : : : : : :------------------------------- : : : Average :Smallest : Largest : Below latest : Above latest ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent percent ------ 1,000 head ----- ----- number ---- : All cattle and calves ...................: 0.6 1.0 438 70 796 7 3 : All cows and heifers that have calved ...: 0.6 1.0 168 0 405 6 3 : Calf crop ...............................: 0.7 1.3 186 10 602 6 4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Information Contacts Listed below are the commodity specialists in the Livestock Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to nass@nass.usda.gov. Travis Averill, Chief, Livestock Branch ......... (202) 720-3570 Scott Hollis, Head, Livestock Section ........... (202) 690-2424 Sherry Bertramsen - Livestock Slaughter ...... (202) 720-3240 Donnie Fike - Dairy Products ................. (202) 690-3236 Heidi Gleich - Cattle, Cattle on Feed ........ (202) 720-3040 Mike Miller - Milk Production and Milk Cows .. (202) 720-3278 Seth Riggins - Hogs and Pigs ................. (202) 720-3106 Vacant - Sheep and Goats ..................... (202) 720-0585 Access to NASS Reports For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways: All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: www.nass.usda.gov Both national and state specific reports are available via a free e- mail subscription. 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