Cattle ISSN: 1948-9099 Released February 28, 2019, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). January 1 Cattle Inventory Up Slightly All cattle and calves in the United States as of January 1, 2019 totaled 94.8 million head, slightly above the 94.3 million head on January 1, 2018. All cows and heifers that have calved, at 41.1 million head, were 1 percent above the 40.9 million head on January 1, 2018. Beef cows, at 31.8 million head, were up 1 percent from a year ago. Milk cows, at 9.35 million head, were down 1 percent from the previous year. All heifers 500 pounds and over as of January 1, 2019 totaled 20.2 million head, slightly above the 20.2 million head on January 1, 2018. Beef replacement heifers, at 5.92 million head, were down 3 percent from a year ago. Milk replacement heifers, at 4.70 million head, were down 1 percent from the previous year. Other heifers, at 9.60 million head, were 3 percent above a year earlier. Steers weighing 500 pounds and over as of January 1, 2019 totaled 16.6 million head, up 1 percent from January 1, 2018. Bulls weighing 500 pounds and over as of January 1, 2019 totaled 2.26 million head, up slightly from January 1, 2018. Calves under 500 pounds as of January 1, 2019 totaled 14.5 million head, up 1 percent from January 1, 2018. Cattle and calves on feed for the slaughter market in the United States for all feedlots totaled 14.4 million head on January 1, 2019. The inventory is up 2 percent from the January 1, 2018 total of 14.1 million head. Cattle on feed in feedlots with capacity of 1,000 or more head accounted for 81.3 percent of the total cattle on feed on January 1, 2019, up slightly from the previous year. The combined total of calves under 500 pounds and other heifers and steers over 500 pounds (outside of feedlots) is 26.4 million head. This is 1 percent above January 1, 2018. Calf Crop Up 2 Percent The 2018 calf crop in the United States was estimated at 36.4 million head, up 2 percent from last year's calf crop. Calves born during the first half of 2018 were estimated at 26.6 million head, up 3 percent from the first half of 2017. Calves born during the second half of 2018 were estimated at 9.80 million head, 27 percent of the total 2018 calf crop. Revisions All inventory and calf crop estimates for January 1, 2018, and July 1, 2018 were reviewed using calf crop, official slaughter, import and export data, and the relationship of new survey information to the prior surveys. January 1, 2018 all cattle and calves decreased by 0.1 percent and 2017 calf crop decreased by 0.1 percent. July 1, 2018 all cattle and calves were decreased by 0.2 percent, all cows and heifers that have calved decreased by 0.2 percent, and 2018 calf crop decreased by 0.3 percent. State level estimates were reviewed and changes were made to reallocate inventory estimates to the United States total. This report was approved on February 28, 2019. Secretary of Agriculture Designate Robert Johansson Agricultural Statistics Board Chairperson Joseph L. Parsons Contents Cattle Inventory by Class and Calf Crop - United States: January 1, 2018 and 2019.. 4 All Cattle and Calves Inventory - United States: January 1......................... 4 Cattle Inventory by Class - States and United States: January 1, 2018 and 2019..... 5 Calf Crop - States and United States: 2017 and 2018................................ 9 All Cattle on Feed Inventory- States and United States: January 1, 2018 and 2019... 10 Cattle Grazing on Small Grain Pasture - 3-State Total: January 1, 2018 and 2019.... 11 Cattle Inventory by Class and Calf Crop - United States: July 1, 2017 and 2018..... 11 Calf Crop and Percent of Total by Six Month Period - United States: 2017 and 2018.. 11 Statistical Methodology............................................................ 12 Reliability of January 1 Cattle Estimates.......................................... 13 Information Contacts............................................................... 13 Cattle Inventory by Class and Calf Crop - United States: January 1, 2018 and 2019 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : Percent of Class : 2018 : 2019 :previous year -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ 1,000 head ----- percent : All cattle and calves ...................: 94,298.0 94,759.7 100 : All cows and heifers that have calved ...: 40,898.3 41,119.1 101 Beef cows .............................: 31,466.2 31,765.7 101 Milk cows .............................: 9,432.1 9,353.4 99 : All heifers 500 pounds and over .........: 20,217.8 20,230.0 100 For beef cow replacement ..............: 6,108.2 5,924.9 97 Expected to calve 1/ ................: 3,763.0 3,543.9 94 For milk cow replacement ..............: 4,768.3 4,701.5 99 Expected to calve 1/ ................: 3,036.4 3,005.7 99 Other heifers .........................: 9,341.3 9,603.6 103 : Steers 500 pounds and over ..............: 16,528.2 16,632.7 101 Bulls 500 pounds and over ...............: 2,252.3 2,263.0 100 Calves under 500 pounds .................: 14,401.4 14,514.9 101 : All cattle on feed ......................: 14,146.0 14,370.9 102 : :-------------------------------------------- : : : Percent of : 2017 : 2018 :previous year :-------------------------------------------- Calf crop ...............................: 35,758.2 36,402.7 102 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Replacement heifers expected to calve during the year. Cattle Inventory by Class - States and United States: January 1, 2018 and 2019 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : All cattle and calves : All cows and heifers that have calved :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : Percent of : : : Percent of : 2018 : 2019 :previous year : 2018 : 2019 :previous year --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ 1,000 head ----- percent ------ 1,000 head ----- percent : Alabama .......: 1,340.0 1,300.0 97 720.0 710.0 99 Alaska ........: 15.0 16.0 107 6.4 7.0 109 Arizona .......: 1,020.0 1,020.0 100 410.0 420.0 102 Arkansas ......: 1,760.0 1,780.0 101 930.0 940.0 101 California ....: 5,200.0 5,150.0 99 2,410.0 2,380.0 99 Colorado ......: 2,850.0 2,850.0 100 980.0 975.0 99 Connecticut ...: 50.0 47.0 94 25.0 24.0 96 Delaware ......: 17.0 15.0 88 7.5 6.5 87 Florida .......: 1,630.0 1,680.0 103 1,010.0 1,030.0 102 Georgia .......: 1,060.0 1,070.0 101 570.0 580.0 102 : Hawaii ........: 144.0 142.0 99 77.0 77.0 100 Idaho .........: 2,420.0 2,500.0 103 1,110.0 1,120.0 101 Illinois ......: 1,150.0 1,200.0 104 490.0 500.0 102 Indiana .......: 860.0 880.0 102 395.0 390.0 99 Iowa ..........: 4,000.0 3,950.0 99 1,170.0 1,170.0 100 Kansas ........: 6,300.0 6,350.0 101 1,660.0 1,690.0 102 Kentucky ......: 2,160.0 2,130.0 99 1,090.0 1,070.0 98 Louisiana .....: 820.0 800.0 98 485.0 470.0 97 Maine .........: 81.0 78.0 96 40.0 40.0 100 Maryland ......: 193.0 197.0 102 93.0 94.0 101 : Massachusetts .: 38.0 37.0 97 18.0 17.5 97 Michigan ......: 1,160.0 1,150.0 99 530.0 530.0 100 Minnesota .....: 2,350.0 2,320.0 99 820.0 820.0 100 Mississippi ...: 930.0 900.0 97 510.0 485.0 95 Missouri ......: 4,350.0 4,250.0 98 2,170.0 2,140.0 99 Montana .......: 2,550.0 2,500.0 98 1,510.0 1,460.0 97 Nebraska ......: 6,800.0 6,800.0 100 1,970.0 2,000.0 102 Nevada ........: 465.0 470.0 101 270.0 275.0 102 New Hampshire .: 36.0 33.0 92 17.0 16.0 94 New Jersey ....: 29.0 30.0 103 15.0 15.0 100 : New Mexico ....: 1,510.0 1,480.0 98 815.0 805.0 99 New York ......: 1,480.0 1,450.0 98 730.0 725.0 99 North Carolina : 800.0 800.0 100 415.0 410.0 99 North Dakota ..: 1,860.0 1,830.0 98 980.0 1,000.0 102 Ohio ..........: 1,300.0 1,310.0 101 560.0 560.0 100 Oklahoma ......: 5,100.0 5,300.0 104 2,130.0 2,190.0 103 Oregon ........: 1,270.0 1,320.0 104 660.0 670.0 102 Pennsylvania ..: 1,620.0 1,600.0 99 740.0 730.0 99 Rhode Island ..: 5.0 4.7 94 2.4 2.1 88 South Carolina : 340.0 345.0 101 189.0 200.0 106 : South Dakota ..: 4,000.0 4,050.0 101 1,870.0 1,940.0 104 Tennessee .....: 1,830.0 1,800.0 98 950.0 950.0 100 Texas .........: 12,500.0 13,000.0 104 5,050.0 5,200.0 103 Utah ..........: 790.0 810.0 103 435.0 440.0 101 Vermont .......: 260.0 255.0 98 143.0 140.0 98 Virginia ......: 1,480.0 1,440.0 97 720.0 710.0 99 Washington ....: 1,160.0 1,180.0 102 510.0 510.0 100 West Virginia .: 395.0 390.0 99 210.0 205.0 98 Wisconsin .....: 3,500.0 3,450.0 99 1,560.0 1,560.0 100 Wyoming .......: 1,320.0 1,300.0 98 720.0 720.0 100 : United States .: 94,298.0 94,759.7 100 40,898.3 41,119.1 101 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --continued Cattle Inventory by Class - States and United States: January 1, 2018 and 2019 (continued) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Beef cows that have calved : Milk cows that have calved :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : Percent of : : : Percent of : 2018 : 2019 :previous year : 2018 : 2019 :previous year --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ 1,000 head ----- percent ----- 1,000 head ----- percent : Alabama .......: 714.0 705.0 99 6.0 5.0 83 Alaska ........: 6.1 6.8 111 0.3 0.2 67 Arizona .......: 200.0 215.0 108 210.0 205.0 98 Arkansas ......: 924.0 935.0 101 6.0 5.0 83 California ....: 670.0 650.0 97 1,740.0 1,730.0 99 Colorado ......: 812.0 797.0 98 168.0 178.0 106 Connecticut ...: 5.0 4.5 90 20.0 19.5 98 Delaware ......: 2.5 2.0 80 5.0 4.5 90 Florida .......: 886.0 914.0 103 124.0 116.0 94 Georgia .......: 485.0 499.0 103 85.0 81.0 95 : Hawaii ........: 75.0 75.5 101 2.0 1.5 75 Idaho .........: 510.0 506.0 99 600.0 614.0 102 Illinois ......: 397.0 415.0 105 93.0 85.0 91 Indiana .......: 208.0 209.0 100 187.0 181.0 97 Iowa ..........: 950.0 950.0 100 220.0 220.0 100 Kansas ........: 1,504.0 1,529.0 102 156.0 161.0 103 Kentucky ......: 1,033.0 1,017.0 98 57.0 53.0 93 Louisiana .....: 473.0 459.0 97 12.0 11.0 92 Maine .........: 10.0 11.0 110 30.0 29.0 97 Maryland ......: 46.0 50.0 109 47.0 44.0 94 : Massachusetts .: 6.5 7.0 108 11.5 10.5 91 Michigan ......: 102.0 108.0 106 428.0 422.0 99 Minnesota .....: 365.0 370.0 101 455.0 450.0 99 Mississippi ...: 501.0 477.0 95 9.0 8.0 89 Missouri ......: 2,086.0 2,059.0 99 84.0 81.0 96 Montana .......: 1,497.0 1,448.0 97 13.0 12.0 92 Nebraska ......: 1,910.0 1,941.0 102 60.0 59.0 98 Nevada ........: 238.0 242.0 102 32.0 33.0 103 New Hampshire .: 4.5 4.0 89 12.5 12.0 96 New Jersey ....: 9.0 9.5 106 6.0 5.5 92 : New Mexico ....: 483.0 480.0 99 332.0 325.0 98 New York ......: 105.0 100.0 95 625.0 625.0 100 North Carolina : 370.0 367.0 99 45.0 43.0 96 North Dakota ..: 964.0 985.0 102 16.0 15.0 94 Ohio ..........: 296.0 307.0 104 264.0 253.0 96 Oklahoma ......: 2,088.0 2,150.0 103 42.0 40.0 95 Oregon ........: 536.0 545.0 102 124.0 125.0 101 Pennsylvania ..: 215.0 225.0 105 525.0 505.0 96 Rhode Island ..: 1.6 1.4 88 0.8 0.7 88 South Carolina : 174.0 186.0 107 15.0 14.0 93 : South Dakota ..: 1,751.0 1,818.0 104 119.0 122.0 103 Tennessee .....: 910.0 914.0 100 40.0 36.0 90 Texas .........: 4,520.0 4,655.0 103 530.0 545.0 103 Utah ..........: 338.0 340.0 101 97.0 100.0 103 Vermont .......: 15.0 14.0 93 128.0 126.0 98 Virginia ......: 633.0 631.0 100 87.0 79.0 91 Washington ....: 235.0 230.0 98 275.0 280.0 102 West Virginia .: 203.0 198.0 98 7.0 7.0 100 Wisconsin .....: 285.0 290.0 102 1,275.0 1,270.0 100 Wyoming .......: 714.0 714.0 100 6.0 6.0 100 : United States .: 31,466.2 31,765.7 101 9,432.1 9,353.4 99 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --continued Cattle Inventory by Class - States and United States: January 1, 2018 and 2019 (continued) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : All heifers 500 pounds and over :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : Beef cow replacement : Milk cow replacement : Other :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2018 : 2019 : 2018 : 2019 : 2018 : 2019 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head : Alabama .......: 125.0 121.0 3.0 2.0 37.0 32.0 Alaska ........: 1.4 1.4 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.7 Arizona .......: 36.0 35.0 105.0 115.0 29.0 20.0 Arkansas ......: 160.0 156.0 4.0 4.0 71.0 75.0 California ....: 125.0 125.0 780.0 760.0 175.0 205.0 Colorado ......: 175.0 170.0 100.0 110.0 550.0 560.0 Connecticut ...: 2.0 1.5 9.5 9.0 1.5 1.5 Delaware ......: 0.7 0.6 2.0 1.6 0.4 0.3 Florida .......: 115.0 130.0 40.0 35.0 30.0 25.0 Georgia .......: 95.0 90.0 25.0 30.0 25.0 30.0 : Hawaii ........: 12.0 11.5 1.0 1.0 5.0 5.0 Idaho .........: 120.0 110.0 310.0 340.0 210.0 220.0 Illinois ......: 70.0 70.0 47.0 45.0 98.0 95.0 Indiana .......: 50.0 45.0 75.0 80.0 45.0 50.0 Iowa ..........: 165.0 160.0 135.0 125.0 550.0 560.0 Kansas ........: 280.0 280.0 140.0 170.0 1,490.0 1,420.0 Kentucky ......: 145.0 130.0 45.0 45.0 115.0 130.0 Louisiana .....: 90.0 83.0 4.0 4.0 20.0 23.0 Maine .........: 4.0 3.0 15.0 14.0 3.0 3.0 Maryland ......: 12.0 13.0 28.0 30.0 10.0 8.0 : Massachusetts .: 2.0 2.0 7.0 6.5 1.0 1.0 Michigan ......: 24.0 25.0 176.0 160.0 30.0 40.0 Minnesota .....: 100.0 95.0 290.0 255.0 175.0 170.0 Mississippi ...: 92.0 90.0 7.0 5.0 40.0 40.0 Missouri ......: 355.0 345.0 40.0 40.0 205.0 205.0 Montana .......: 390.0 380.0 7.0 8.0 223.0 232.0 Nebraska ......: 375.0 365.0 15.0 15.0 1,520.0 1,530.0 Nevada ........: 42.0 42.0 12.0 11.0 30.0 29.0 New Hampshire .: 1.5 1.3 7.0 6.5 0.5 0.7 New Jersey ....: 2.1 2.5 3.2 3.3 1.2 0.7 : New Mexico ....: 105.0 95.0 130.0 125.0 95.0 85.0 New York ......: 45.0 40.0 350.0 335.0 50.0 50.0 North Carolina : 63.0 60.0 17.0 20.0 22.0 20.0 North Dakota ..: 191.0 197.0 9.0 8.0 240.0 210.0 Ohio ..........: 70.0 70.0 121.0 125.0 59.0 55.0 Oklahoma ......: 410.0 400.0 25.0 20.0 510.0 520.0 Oregon ........: 95.0 110.0 70.0 65.0 100.0 115.0 Pennsylvania ..: 60.0 65.0 310.0 290.0 60.0 55.0 Rhode Island ..: 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.2 South Carolina : 28.0 37.0 6.0 5.0 9.0 8.0 : South Dakota ..: 435.0 385.0 45.0 40.0 500.0 550.0 Tennessee .....: 135.0 145.0 25.0 25.0 80.0 75.0 Texas .........: 800.0 740.0 250.0 260.0 1,470.0 1,690.0 Utah ..........: 70.0 70.0 50.0 50.0 60.0 65.0 Vermont .......: 5.0 4.5 57.0 55.0 6.0 6.5 Virginia ......: 100.0 93.0 40.0 37.0 70.0 61.0 Washington ....: 52.0 57.0 123.0 123.0 115.0 120.0 West Virginia .: 37.0 32.0 3.0 3.0 18.0 20.0 Wisconsin .....: 80.0 80.0 700.0 680.0 50.0 60.0 Wyoming .......: 160.0 160.0 4.0 4.0 136.0 126.0 : United States .: 6,108.2 5,924.9 4,768.3 4,701.5 9,341.3 9,603.6 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --continued Cattle Inventory by Class - States and United States: January 1, 2018 and 2019 (continued) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Steers : Bulls : Calves : 500 pounds and over : 500 pounds and over : under 500 pounds State :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2018 : 2019 : 2018 : 2019 : 2018 : 2019 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head : Alabama .......: 40.0 45.0 50.0 45.0 365.0 345.0 Alaska ........: 0.5 0.7 2.4 3.0 3.7 3.1 Arizona .......: 275.0 295.0 20.0 20.0 145.0 115.0 Arkansas ......: 110.0 115.0 60.0 60.0 425.0 430.0 California ....: 620.0 600.0 70.0 70.0 1,020.0 1,010.0 Colorado ......: 810.0 830.0 55.0 55.0 180.0 150.0 Connecticut ...: 2.0 1.5 0.5 0.5 9.5 9.0 Delaware ......: 2.1 2.6 0.3 0.4 4.0 3.0 Florida .......: 20.0 20.0 55.0 60.0 360.0 380.0 Georgia .......: 35.0 37.0 35.0 33.0 275.0 270.0 : Hawaii ........: 11.0 10.5 4.0 4.0 34.0 33.0 Idaho .........: 310.0 320.0 40.0 40.0 320.0 350.0 Illinois ......: 195.0 245.0 25.0 25.0 225.0 220.0 Indiana .......: 104.0 110.0 16.0 17.0 175.0 188.0 Iowa ..........: 1,390.0 1,360.0 70.0 70.0 520.0 505.0 Kansas ........: 2,020.0 2,010.0 95.0 95.0 615.0 685.0 Kentucky ......: 195.0 225.0 70.0 70.0 500.0 460.0 Louisiana .....: 23.0 27.0 31.0 30.0 167.0 163.0 Maine .........: 4.0 4.0 1.5 1.5 13.5 12.5 Maryland ......: 17.0 14.0 4.0 5.0 29.0 33.0 : Massachusetts .: 2.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 7.0 7.0 Michigan ......: 180.0 170.0 15.0 15.0 205.0 210.0 Minnesota .....: 475.0 485.0 35.0 35.0 455.0 460.0 Mississippi ...: 48.0 52.0 38.0 38.0 195.0 190.0 Missouri ......: 410.0 385.0 120.0 125.0 1,050.0 1,010.0 Montana .......: 210.0 240.0 105.0 100.0 105.0 80.0 Nebraska ......: 2,480.0 2,380.0 110.0 110.0 330.0 400.0 Nevada ........: 40.0 39.0 15.0 15.0 56.0 59.0 New Hampshire .: 2.0 1.5 0.5 0.5 7.5 6.5 New Jersey ....: 2.1 2.5 1.0 1.0 4.4 5.0 : New Mexico ....: 130.0 130.0 40.0 35.0 195.0 205.0 New York ......: 47.0 47.0 18.0 18.0 240.0 235.0 North Carolina : 33.0 35.0 30.0 30.0 220.0 225.0 North Dakota ..: 260.0 245.0 70.0 65.0 110.0 105.0 Ohio ..........: 210.0 215.0 30.0 30.0 250.0 255.0 Oklahoma ......: 990.0 1,050.0 155.0 180.0 880.0 940.0 Oregon ........: 145.0 160.0 40.0 40.0 160.0 160.0 Pennsylvania ..: 130.0 135.0 25.0 25.0 295.0 300.0 Rhode Island ..: 0.5 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.8 0.8 South Carolina : 10.0 10.0 16.0 14.0 82.0 71.0 : South Dakota ..: 730.0 730.0 110.0 105.0 310.0 300.0 Tennessee .....: 150.0 130.0 60.0 65.0 430.0 410.0 Texas .........: 2,620.0 2,720.0 340.0 340.0 1,970.0 2,050.0 Utah ..........: 80.0 85.0 25.0 25.0 70.0 75.0 Vermont .......: 4.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 42.0 42.0 Virginia ......: 160.0 155.0 40.0 39.0 350.0 345.0 Washington ....: 200.0 200.0 20.0 20.0 140.0 150.0 West Virginia .: 41.0 42.0 15.0 14.0 71.0 74.0 Wisconsin .....: 380.0 360.0 30.0 30.0 700.0 680.0 Wyoming .......: 175.0 150.0 40.0 40.0 85.0 100.0 : United States .: 16,528.2 16,632.7 2,252.3 2,263.0 14,401.4 14,514.9 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Calf Crop - States and United States: 2017 and 2018 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : Percent of State : 2017 : 2018 : previous year ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -------- 1,000 head -------- percent : Alabama ................................: 630.0 620.0 98 Alaska .................................: 4.5 5.0 111 Arizona ................................: 310.0 320.0 103 Arkansas ...............................: 790.0 800.0 101 California .............................: 1,880.0 1,860.0 99 Colorado ...............................: 830.0 840.0 101 Connecticut ............................: 17.5 16.5 94 Delaware ...............................: 7.0 6.0 86 Florida ................................: 790.0 820.0 104 Georgia ................................: 480.0 510.0 106 : Hawaii .................................: 60.0 60.0 100 Idaho ..................................: 960.0 960.0 100 Illinois ...............................: 420.0 430.0 102 Indiana ................................: 340.0 360.0 106 Iowa ...................................: 1,090.0 1,110.0 102 Kansas .................................: 1,430.0 1,500.0 105 Kentucky ...............................: 990.0 970.0 98 Louisiana ..............................: 370.0 360.0 97 Maine ..................................: 30.0 29.0 97 Maryland ...............................: 70.0 75.0 107 : Massachusetts ..........................: 17.0 16.0 94 Michigan ...............................: 410.0 420.0 102 Minnesota ..............................: 790.0 800.0 101 Mississippi ............................: 400.0 385.0 96 Missouri ...............................: 1,960.0 1,940.0 99 Montana ................................: 1,480.0 1,450.0 98 Nebraska ...............................: 1,700.0 1,750.0 103 Nevada .................................: 220.0 220.0 100 New Hampshire ..........................: 13.5 12.0 89 New Jersey .............................: 9.5 10.0 105 : New Mexico .............................: 630.0 610.0 97 New York ...............................: 550.0 560.0 102 North Carolina .........................: 365.0 365.0 100 North Dakota ...........................: 960.0 930.0 97 Ohio ...................................: 490.0 490.0 100 Oklahoma ...............................: 1,950.0 2,050.0 105 Oregon .................................: 630.0 620.0 98 Pennsylvania ...........................: 600.0 610.0 102 Rhode Island ...........................: 2.2 2.2 100 South Carolina .........................: 147.0 169.0 115 : South Dakota ...........................: 1,840.0 1,900.0 103 Tennessee ..............................: 850.0 860.0 101 Texas ..................................: 4,400.0 4,750.0 108 Utah ...................................: 375.0 385.0 103 Vermont ................................: 105.0 102.0 97 Virginia ...............................: 640.0 630.0 98 Washington .............................: 440.0 440.0 100 West Virginia ..........................: 195.0 185.0 95 Wisconsin ..............................: 1,430.0 1,420.0 99 Wyoming ................................: 660.0 670.0 102 : United States ..........................: 35,758.2 36,402.7 102 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- All Cattle on Feed Inventory- States and United States: January 1, 2018 and 2019 [Cattle and calves on feed are steers and heifers being fed a ration of grain, silage, hay, and/or protein supplement for slaughter market that are expected to produce a carcass that will grade select or better. It excludes cattle being "backgrounded only" for later sale as feeders or later placement in another feedlot. Cattle and calves on feed are included in the cattle inventory estimates by class] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : Percent of State : 2018 : 2019 : previous year ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -------- 1,000 head -------- percent : Arizona ................................: 274.0 300.0 109 California .............................: 490.0 535.0 109 Colorado ...............................: 1,000.0 1,050.0 105 Idaho ..................................: 265.0 295.0 111 Illinois ...............................: 220.0 250.0 114 Indiana ................................: 90.0 100.0 111 Iowa ...................................: 1,300.0 1,320.0 102 Kansas .................................: 2,450.0 2,430.0 99 Kentucky ...............................: 17.0 16.0 94 Maryland ...............................: 9.0 9.0 100 : Michigan ...............................: 140.0 150.0 107 Minnesota ..............................: 430.0 410.0 95 Missouri ...............................: 80.0 100.0 125 Montana ................................: 45.0 40.0 89 Nebraska ...............................: 2,800.0 2,750.0 98 Nevada .................................: 3.0 4.0 133 New York ...............................: 22.0 22.0 100 North Dakota ...........................: 58.0 59.0 102 Ohio ...................................: 140.0 150.0 107 Oklahoma ...............................: 330.0 330.0 100 : Oregon .................................: 90.0 90.0 100 Pennsylvania ...........................: 85.0 100.0 118 South Dakota ...........................: 470.0 425.0 90 Texas ..................................: 2,650.0 2,750.0 104 Utah ...................................: 20.0 23.0 115 Virginia ...............................: 18.0 15.0 83 Washington .............................: 215.0 230.0 107 West Virginia ..........................: 4.0 4.0 100 Wisconsin ..............................: 280.0 280.0 100 Wyoming ................................: 70.0 65.0 93 : Other States 1/ ........................: 81.0 68.9 85 : United States ..........................: 14,146.0 14,370.9 102 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Individual state estimates not available for states not shown, but are included in Other States. Cattle Grazing on Small Grain Pasture - 3-State Total: January 1, 2018 and 2019 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : Percent of States : 2018 : 2019 : previous year ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----- 1,000 head ----- percent : Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas .......: 1,500.0 1,900.0 127 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Cattle Inventory by Class and Calf Crop - United States: July 1, 2017 and 2018 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : Percent of Class : 2017 : 2018 : previous year ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ 1,000 head ------ percent : Cattle and calves ...................: 102,100.0 103,000.0 101 : Cows and heifers that have calved ...: 41,500.0 41,800.0 101 Beef cows .........................: 32,100.0 32,400.0 101 Milk cows .........................: 9,400.0 9,400.0 100 : Heifers 500 pounds and over .........: 16,200.0 16,300.0 101 For beef cow replacement ..........: 4,700.0 4,600.0 98 For milk cow replacement ..........: 4,200.0 4,200.0 100 Other heifers .....................: 7,300.0 7,500.0 103 : Steers 500 pounds and over ..........: 14,500.0 14,500.0 100 Bulls 500 pounds and over ...........: 2,000.0 2,100.0 105 Calves under 500 pounds .............: 27,900.0 28,300.0 101 : Calf crop ...........................: 35,758.2 36,402.7 102 : Cattle on feed ......................: 12,800.0 13,300.0 104 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Calf Crop and Percent of Total by Six Month Period - United States: 2017 and 2018 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2017 : 2018 :--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Period : : Percent of : : Percent of : Number : total : Number : total ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head percent 1,000 head percent : January 1 - June 30 .: 25,950.0 72.6 26,600.0 73.1 July 1 - December 31 : 9,808.2 27.4 9,802.7 26.9 : Total ...............: 35,758.2 100.0 36,402.7 100.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Statistical Methodology Survey Procedures: A random sample of United States producers were surveyed to provide data for these estimates. Survey procedures ensured that all cattle producers, regardless of size, had a chance to be included in the survey. Large producers were sampled more heavily than small operations. Data were collected from about 36,000 operators during the first half of January by mail, telephone, internet, and face-to-face personal interviews and 69 percent of the reports were usable. Regardless of when operators responded, they were asked to report inventories as of January 1. Estimating Procedures: These cattle estimates were prepared by the Agricultural Statistics Board after reviewing recommendations and analysis submitted by Regional Field Offices. National and State survey data were reviewed for reasonableness with each other and with estimates from the previous year using a balance sheet. The balance sheet begins with the previous inventory estimate, adds estimates of births and imports, and subtracts estimates of slaughter, exports, and deaths. This indicated ending inventory level is compared to the Agricultural Statistics Board estimate for reasonableness. Revision Policy: Revisions to previous estimates are made to improve year to year and item to item relationships. Estimates for the previous year are subject to revision when current estimates are made. The reviews are primarily based on livestock slaughter and additional foreign trade and survey data. Estimates will also be reviewed after data from the five-year Census of Agriculture are available. No revisions will be made after that date. Reliability: Since all cattle operators are not included in the sample, survey estimates are subject to sampling variability. Survey results are also subject to non-sampling errors such as omissions, duplications, and mistakes in reporting, recording, and processing the data. The effects of these errors cannot be measured directly. They are minimized through rigid quality controls in the data collection process and through a careful review of all reported data for consistency and reasonableness. To assist users in evaluating the reliability of estimates in this report, the "Root Mean Square Error" is shown for selected items in the table on the following page. The "Root Mean Square Error" is a statistical measure based on past performance and is computed using the differences between first and latest estimates. The "Root Mean Square Error" for all cattle and calves inventory estimates over the past 10 years is 0.5 percent. This means that chances are 2 out of 3 that the final estimate will not be above or below the current estimate of 94.8 million head by more than 0.5 percent. Chances are 9 out of 10 that the difference will not exceed 0.9 percent. The table on the following page shows a 10 year record of the range of differences between first and latest estimates for selected items. Using estimates of all cattle and calves as an example, changes between the first inventory estimate and the latest estimate during the past 10 years have averaged 385,000 head, ranging from 70,000 to 796,000 head. During this period the initial inventory estimate has been above the latest estimate 3 times and below the latest estimate 7 times. This does not imply that the January 1 estimate is likely to understate or overstate final inventory. Reliability of January 1 Cattle Estimates [Based on data for the past ten years] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Root mean : 90 percent : Difference between first and latest estimate : square error : confidence : : : : : : : level :------------------------------------------------------------- Item : : : : : : Years : : : : : :------------------------------- : : : Average :Smallest : Largest : Below latest : Above latest ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent percent ------ 1,000 head ----- ----- number ---- : All cattle and calves ...................: 0.5 0.9 385 70 796 7 3 : All cows and heifers that have calved ...: 0.6 1.1 182 0 405 6 3 : Calf crop ...............................: 0.5 0.9 131 10 378 6 4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Information Contacts Listed below are the commodity specialists in the Livestock Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to nass@nass.usda.gov. Travis Averill, Chief, Livestock Branch ......... (202) 720-3570 Scott Hollis, Head, Livestock Section ........... (202) 690-2424 Sherry Bertramsen - Livestock Slaughter ...... (202) 690-8632 Holly Brenize - Sheep and Goats .............. (202) 720-0585 Donnie Fike - Dairy Products ................. (202) 720-4448 Heidi Gleich - Cattle, Cattle on Feed ........ (202) 720-3040 Mike Miller - Milk Production and Milk Cows .. (202) 720-3278 Seth Riggins - Hogs and Pigs ................. (202) 720-3106 Access to NASS Reports For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways: All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: www.nass.usda.gov Both national and state specific reports are available via a free e- mail subscription. To set-up this free subscription, visit www.nass.usda.gov and click on "National" or "State" in upper right corner above "search" box to create an account and select the reports you would like to receive. Cornell's Mann Library has launched a new website housing NASS's and other agency's archived reports. The new website, https://usda.library.cornell.edu. All email subscriptions containing reports will be sent from the new website, https://usda.library.cornell.edu. To continue receiving the reports via e-mail, you will have to go to the new website, create a new account and re-subscribe to the reports. If you need instructions to set up an account or subscribe, they are located at: https://usda.library.cornell.edu/help. You should whitelist notifications@usda-esmis.library.cornell.edu in your email client to avoid the emails going into spam/junk folders. For more information on NASS surveys and reports, call the NASS Agricultural Statistics Hotline at (800) 727-9540, 7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET, or e-mail: nass@nass.usda.gov. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination against its customers, employees, and applicants for employment on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, sex, gender identity, religion, reprisal, and where applicable, political beliefs, marital status, familial or parental status, sexual orientation, or all or part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program, or protected genetic information in employment or in any program or activity conducted or funded by the Department. (Not all prohibited bases will apply to all programs and/or employment activities.) If you wish to file a Civil Rights program complaint of discrimination, complete the USDA Program Discrimination Complaint Form (PDF), found online at www.ascr.usda.gov/filing-program-discrimination-complaint-usda-customer, or at any USDA office, or call (866) 632-9992 to request the form. You may also write a letter containing all of the information requested in the form. Send your completed complaint form or letter to us by mail at U.S. Department of Agriculture, Director, Office of Adjudication, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410, by fax (202) 690-7442 or email at program.intake@usda.gov.