Crop Progress - State Stories ISSN: 2470-9816 Released March 5, 2025, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). ALABAMA: February temperatures were slightly warmer than historical averages, with the State experiencing a cold snap near the middle of the month. Total rainfall for the month ranged from 2.3 inches in Montgomery County to 8.2 inches in Tallapoosa County. On average, the precipitation for the month was slightly higher than normal. The cold snap and increased precipitation resulted in the Northern half of the State receiving up to 1.5 inches of snowfall. There were no reported damages with these extreme weather conditions. According to the U.S. Drought Monitor, 47.9 percent of the State had abnormally dry conditions by month's end, compared to 61.8 percent at the month's beginning. Many crops were able to recover from the previous month's extreme weather as the month warmed up. However, many reported fall-seeded crops were struggling to grow due to the Fall drought. Winter wheat improved with the much-needed rainfall but remained behind schedule. Many producers were planning for their upcoming spring plantings. Field preparation for corn planting was beginning with corn planting already underway in some areas of the State. In Etowah County, crops were reported to be in good condition, but blueberry and other fruit producers were concerned with drastic changes in temperatures causing early blooms. In Cullman County, strawberries were looking good with no reported damages. In Geneva County, producers started to cut terraces and disc fields as well as add lime and fertilizer to soil. Livestock producers continued to supplement cattle with hay despite the ongoing hay shortage due to drought conditions. Overall, cattle and pastures were in fair condition. Pastures improved near the month's end with the warmer temperatures. ALASKA: DATA NOT AVAILABLE ARIZONA: This report for Arizona is for the week ending March 2, 2025. Responses were based on the entire week with consideration for any weather- related impacts. By week's end, 69 percent of Arizona barley had been planted, of which 60 percent had emerged, down 15 and 14 percentage points, respectively, from the State's 5-year average, according to the Mountain Regional Field Office of the National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA. Arizona barley was rated in mostly good to excellent condition, with only 4 percent of the crop rated fair. Seventy percent of Arizona's Durum wheat had been planted, of which 63 percent has emerged, down 17 and 5 percentage points, respectively, from the State's 5-year average. Durum wheat was rated in mostly good to excellent condition, with only 1 percent of the crop rated fair. Alfalfa hay harvest continued to take place on about 60 percent of the crop's acreage throughout the State. Arizona's alfalfa crop was rated in mostly good to excellent condition, with only 10 percent of the crop rated fair. Pasture and range conditions throughout the State deteriorated slightly when compared to that of the previous report. Forty-one percent of the State's pasture and rangeland was rated very poor, 32 percent was rated poor, 19 percent was rated fair, and 8 percent was rated good. Navajo and Apache County reporters have stated that some rangelands are now barren and that ranchers continue to transport feed and water to rangeland livestock. Topsoil moisture levels remained mostly adequate, with 25 percent rated very short, 6 percent rated short, 66 percent rated adequate, and 3 percent rated surplus. Subsoil moisture levels followed a similar trend. Over the past week, measurable precipitation was lacking across much of the State, however, according to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) data, southern areas of the Avra Valley accumulated anywhere from 0.50 to 1.00 inch of total precipitation. All remaining areas of the State received anywhere from trace amounts to 0.25 inch of total precipitation. Corroborating reports from south-central and eastern counties have stated that conditions have been unseasonably dry, windy, and warm. The drought information statement for south-central Arizona, southwest Arizona, and southeast California remained in effect and was updated on February 21 in response to enduring above average temperatures and below average precipitation. Additionally, the National Weather Service issued drought information statements for southeast and northern Arizona on February 21 and 22 respectively, in response to 120-day precipitation being less than 25% of normal. The seasonal mean temperature and total precipitation outlooks for March, April, and May were issued by the National Weather Service on February 20. The seasonal mean temperature outlook continues to show that temperatures will likely be above normal for the entirety of the State, with the eastern third of Arizona having a higher probability of experiencing warmer temperatures than the remainder of the State. Similarly, the seasonal total precipitation outlook continues to show that precipitation will likely be below normal for the entirety of the State, with the eastern third of Arizona having a higher probability of experiencing below average precipitation than the western two-thirds of the State. Arizona's seasonal drought outlook was updated on February 28. The outlook now shows that conditions are expected to persist throughout all areas of the State that were affected by moderate drought (D1) or higher on February 25. Drought is expected to develop across all remaining areas of the State. Streamflow conditions throughout Arizona deteriorated slightly when compared to that of the previous report and are currently flowing at below normal to historically low levels. As of February 25, the U.S. Drought Monitor showed a significant deterioration in conditions when compared to that of the previous report. Abnormally dry conditions (D0) bounded 1 percent of the State, moderate drought (D1) enveloped 12 percent, severe drought (D2) encompassed 34 percent, extreme drought (D3) spanned 52 percent, and for the first time since August 9, 2022, exceptional drought (D4) was recorded and covered 1 percent of the State's total land area. Over the past week, temperatures were at or above normal according to the High Plains Regional Climate Center (HPRCC). Daytime highs throughout Arizona ranged from 4 to 13 degrees above normal and ranged from the low-50's in north-central Coconino County to the high 80's across southwestern regions of the State. Overnight lows ranged from 8 degrees below to 9 degrees above normal and ranged from 12 to 40 degrees across northern and eastern counties, whereas southwestern counties experienced lows of 45 to 60 degrees Fahrenheit. ARKANSAS: For the week ending March 2, 2025, topsoil moisture supplies were 1% very short, 3% short, 38% adequate, and 58% surplus. Subsoil moisture supplies were 2% very short, 5% short, 48% adequate, and 45% surplus. There were 16 days suitable for fieldwork during the month of February. Conditions throughout the month were wet and cool in most areas. Increased amount of rainfall helped drought situations. February was welcomed with snow and extremely cold conditions throughout the State. Producers were fertilizing wheat and winter annuals. Ponds were full with little to no groundwork on row crops. There was no unusual agricultural activity at this time. CALIFORNIA: For the week ending March 2, 2025, days suitable for fieldwork 6.6. Topsoil moisture 10% short, 85% adequate, and 5% surplus. Subsoil moisture 90% adequate and 10% surplus. Pasture and range condition 40% fair, 50% good, and 10% excellent. Winter wheat condition 5% fair, 90% good, and 5% excellent. As of February 28, snowpack content ranged from 14 to 23.5 inches in the Northern, Southern, and Central Sierras. Winter grains and alfalfa were growing well. Rainfall during the month provided much needed moisture. The first cutting of alfalfa was approaching. Wheat, oat, and forage hay for silage were sprayed with herbicides and some were sprayed with fungicides. Field prep for spring crops began. Warmer than average temperatures for this time of year have accelerated the winter vegetable progress. Winter vegetables grew quickly during the month, and some were being harvested already. In Tulare County, lettuce, daikon, cauliflower, and broccoli continued to mature. Recent rainfall led to instances of standing water and generally wet conditions in nut orchards. Almond orchards bloomed during the month and pruning began. Bee colonies were placed in almond orchards for pollination. Some pistachio and walnut orchards have sheep penned inside to help with weed control and fertilization. Growers sprayed their orchards with fungicides, insecticides, and herbicides. Many sprayings were applied aerially due to the wet conditions. Stone fruit orchards were blooming, and leaves were emerging in early varieties. Persimmon harvest was ongoing. Cherries began blooming, and bee colonies were placed amid the blooming trees. Apricot, peach, and plum orchards were in bloom and sprayed with fungicides, insecticides, and herbicides. Grape vineyards were pruned, and their vines were tied. Compost fertilizer was applied in grape vineyards. Citrus groves were treated for pests and weeds. Navel orange, grapefruit, pummelo, tangelo, mandarin, and lemon harvests were ongoing after being delayed by heavy rainfall. Seedless citrus varieties were netted. Olive groves were pruned and shaped. Strawberries grew well during the warm and wet month with blooms and small berries emerging. Blueberry fields were blooming. The Avian flu continued to present challenges for poultry and dairy cattle. Rangeland remained green and lush with rising temperatures during the daytime and additional rain. Both irrigated and non-irrigated pastures were in good condition. Pasture grasses for cattle feed were growing well. Some pasture was restructured to gather rainwater as reservoirs. COLORADO: This report for Colorado is for the entire month of February 2025. Topsoil moisture 20% very short, 38% short, 41% adequate, 1% excellent. Subsoil moisture 23% very short, 24% short, 51% adequate, 2% excellent. Winter wheat condition 4% very poor, 7% poor, 22% fair, 60% good, 7% excellent. Livestock condition 8% very poor, 14% poor, 42% fair, 35% good, 1% excellent. Pasture and range condition 8% very poor, 14% poor, 42% fair, 35% good, 1% excellent. Mixed temperatures and varied levels of precipitation were seen across the State during the month of February. According to the U.S. Drought Monitor report published on February 27, about 45 percent of the State was abnormally dry or in a state of drought, up from 39 percent at the end of January. Almost 4 percent of the State was in severe to exceptional drought, similar to last February. Areas of northern Larimer and Weld Counties experienced continued extreme drought conditions. Archuleta, Conejos, and Rio Grande Counties had areas that were downgraded to extreme drought, and just over 1 percent of the State were under extreme drought conditions. Temperatures across the State for the month of February were mixed. The high country and western slope experienced temperatures more than 4 degrees above normal, while the front range and eastern plains trended below average. Many areas in the high country experienced temperatures more than 8 degrees above normal, while the far eastern plains saw temperatures more than 4 degrees below normal. Reports from Grand and Jackson Counties stated unseasonably warm temperatures and minimal snow were experienced last month, and snowpack levels were a concern. Wolves remained a noted concern among livestock producers as they prepare for calving season. Northeastern counties, overall, received 0.5 inch of moisture or less during February. Western portions of Boulder and Larimer Counties received more than 2 inches of moisture, with isolated areas receiving more than 4 inches. Southwestern counties remained primarily dry. Reporters noted conditions in the San Luis Valley were very dry in February. Calving and lambing has started in the district, with below average losses due to warm temperatures and lack of snow. Isolated areas of Conejos County received upwards of 2 inches of moisture, but many other areas of the district had limited moisture. Statewide, winter wheat condition improved, with 67 percent of the crop rated good to excellent, compared with 57 percent good to excellent from the previous report and 56 percent good to excellent last year. As of March 2, 2025, snowpack in Colorado was 86 percent measured as percent of median snowfall. DELAWARE: In February, near drought-like conditions for much of the southern region of the State were reported. The rainfall deficit has not recovered from previous years, largely contributing to the dryness. Due to the cold weather and precipitation in the northern region, small grains were observed to be in the green-up process. The prevalence of the H5N1 Avian flu remains high. Strict biosecurity measures and protocols were still in place to mitigate safety concerns throughout the State. FLORIDA: February temperatures were slightly warmer than normal compared to historic averages. Total rainfall for the month ranged from 0.3 inch of rain in Miami-Dade County to 8.6 inches in Monroe County. According to the U.S. Drought Monitor, 63.6 percent of the State had abnormally dry conditions by month's end, compared to 61.7 percent at the month's beginning. With overall drier conditions, many producers were able to spend time on field preparations for spring planting. The rainfall that was received did improve conditions for crops like small grains, winter grazing and cover crops. In Okaloosa County, there were some losses to strawberries and other fruits and vegetables as the temperature dipped at the end of the month. In Levy County, producers prepared for and planted watermelons during the month. Sugarcane planting was nearly wrapped up at the beginning of the month. Sugarcane harvest continued as planned and was nearly complete at the month's end. Producers worked on field preparations for rice planting at the beginning of the month with planting underway by the end of the month. Citrus grove operations included fertilizing, spraying, mowing after harvest, applying herbicides, and continued pushing up of abandoned groves and dead trees. Beekeepers prepared for citrus bloom season. Pasture conditions were mostly fair last month, with pastures improving near the month's end. Cattle remained in mostly good condition throughout the month. GEORGIA: February temperatures were 1.5 to 7.0 degrees warmer than historical averages depending on location. Total rainfall for the month ranged from 0.9 inch in Chatham County to 7.4 inches in Pickens County. Some parts of the northern region of the State received some snow, with Fannin County receiving over 2 inches. According to the U.S. Drought Monitor, 62 percent of the State had abnormally dry conditions and 13 percent had moderate drought conditions by month's end, compared to 35 percent abnormally dry and 9 percent with moderate drought conditions at the month's beginning. Despite some freezes throughout the month, warmer temperatures than normal helped improve winter crop conditions. Field preparation activities, including burndown herbicide applications, began to ramp up for the spring planting season. Some operators in warmer areas were beginning to plant corn. Wheat is finally recovering from some cold snaps during February and starting to joint in some areas. Timely precipitation and generally warmer temperatures have wheat progressing at a rapid pace. While some vegetables were ready for harvest, there were reports of damage from earlier January freeze events. Winter grazing conditions improved in most regions due to the warmer temperatures and precipitation levels. Cattle were reported to be in mostly good to fair condition, with many operators continuing to feed supplemental hay. HAWAII: DATA NOT AVAILABLE IDAHO: The average temperatures for February ranged from below normal to slightly above normal for the State. Northern Idaho experienced warm temperatures as a reprieve from heavy snowfall, which caused excessive soil moisture. Crop growth started again, and spring calving started. Warmer than average temperatures melted the snow away in lower to mid elevation fields. Rain and melt events caused rill erosion in susceptible areas. Southwest Idaho received significant precipitation, and snowpack levels were above normal. Hay stocks were sufficient as calving and lambing progressed. There were some reports of lingering snow in fields resulting from multiple snowstorms. Southeast Idaho reported lingering water from significant precipitation throughout the month. Hay supplies remained plentiful. Calving and lambing were in full swing as the weather warmed, following a trend of significant precipitation. Producers also prepared equipment for the spring season. ILLINOIS: For the week ending March 2, 2025. Topsoil moisture 3% very short, 20% short, 58% adequate, and 19% surplus. Subsoil moisture 6% very short, 27% short, 52% adequate, and 15% surplus. Winter wheat condition 1% very poor, 4% poor, 39% fair, 52% good, and 4% excellent. For the month of February, temperatures averaged 29.1 degrees, 1.1 degrees below normal. Precipitation averaged 1.14 inches, 0.79 inch below average. INDIANA: Topsoil moisture for the month of February was 6% very short, 18% short, 59% adequate, 17% surplus. Subsoil moisture for the month was 8% very short, 24% short, 57% adequate, 11% surplus. Winter wheat condition was rated 2% very poor, 4% poor, 27% fair, 56% good, 11% excellent. Statewide temperatures averaged 30.4 degrees, exactly matching the average temperature for February. Statewide average precipitation was 2.22 inches, 0.06 inch below normal. Indiana farmers reported sufficient infiltration from precipitation despite the soil being frozen for much of February. Drier conditions were primarily concentrated to the northern two-thirds of the State, and livestock watering had to be supplemented due to reduced stream flow in pastures. Some sheep lambing and goat kidding was reported. Hay availability was not a concern. Winter wheat withstood cold snaps with little to no snow cover, and in some areas of the State the above-ground plant tissue was desiccated. Other activities included grain hauling, fertilizer applications, spring field equipment preparations, attending extension events and seed company meetings, and checking in with local USDA offices. IOWA: Temperatures across much of the State in February swung from extreme cold to unseasonably warm. Precipitation was well below normal, with reports of abnormally dry to very dry conditions. Little snow cover remains and reports of large cracks in the ground were received. Many streams were low or dry. The dry conditions, however, were beneficial for grain movement. Some fertilizer applications were reported. Lambing and calving were well underway in many parts of the State. Livestock were in good condition, although some losses were reported due to the extreme cold in the middle of the month. KANSAS: For the week ending March 2, 2025, Topsoil moisture supplies rated 10% very short, 25% short, 60% adequate, 5% surplus. Subsoil moisture supplies rated 11% very short, 28% short, 58% adequate, 3% surplus. Winter wheat condition rated 4% very poor, 10% poor, 32% fair, 46% good, 8% excellent. KENTUCKY: For the month of February, Kentucky saw above normal temperatures and much above normal precipitation. Several rounds of torrential rain combined with previously saturated soil created severe flooding in parts of the State. This February was the 5th wettest on record. Wheat damage was reported due to flooding. Livestock stress and death was attributed to rapidly changing temperatures and moisture. Temperatures for the period averaged 38.7 degrees across the State, 1.3 degrees above normal. Precipitation (liq. equ.) for the period totaled 8.40 inches Statewide, which was 4.65 inches above normal and 224% of normal. Despite a dry fall and early hay feeding, supplies are holding up. For the month, hay supplies 3% very short, 22% short, 71% adequate, 4% surplus. Livestock condition 1% very poor, 6% poor, 24% fair, 62% good, 7% excellent. Condition of winter wheat 4% very poor, 5% poor, 30% fair, 53% good, 8% excellent. LOUISIANA: For the week ending March 2, 2025, topsoil moisture supplies were 0% very short, 2% short, 61% adequate, and 37% surplus. Subsoil moisture supplies were 0% very short, 2% short, 63% adequate, and 35% surplus. There were 17 days suitable for fieldwork during the month of February. Overall, the State experienced cold and rainy weather which limited field work. Throughout the month, crawfish harvests were underway, and healthy spring forage allowed for good grazing. As March begins, operators are waiting for fields to dry before they start their first hay cuttings and planting of row crops. MARYLAND: In February, areas of the State experienced fluctuating weather consisting of scattered precipitation including rain and snow. In the beginning of the month, below freezing temperatures were reported. The winter wheat and barley crops were observed to be in a dormant state with early signs of regrowth. Cover crops were reported to be in a stable condition. Localized minor concerns regarding oversaturated soils in Charles County were reported as having the potential of delaying fieldwork. Overall, as Spring approaches, farmers have begun financial planning and anticipate conducting field activities including soil testing, implementing nutrient management, and pest control measures. MICHIGAN: Topsoil moisture 2% very short, 10% short, 77% adequate, 11% surplus. Subsoil moisture 8% very short, 23% short, 64% adequate, 5% surplus. Winter wheat condition rated 6% poor, 39% fair, 37% good, 18% excellent. Precipitation for the month of February averaged 1.51 inches in the State, 0.09 inch above normal. Temperatures for the month of February averaged 21.2 degrees, 0.7 degree below normal. February saw near normal temperatures and precipitation across the State. There was adequate snowfall and colder temperatures across the State. Damage to winter wheat and rye remained a concern given a couple of weeks of very cold weather in some areas. Maple tree tapping was beginning in some areas. Other activities for the month included hauling grain, preparing equipment for spring, purchasing seed, ordering supplies, farm and tax paperwork, and tending livestock. MINNESOTA: Temperatures varied greatly in February. The State received less than an inch of precipitation and what little snow cover there was melted quickly. Farmers were preparing for spring fieldwork. Maple trees were beginning to produce, but producers worried temperature fluctuations could affect sap collection. Calving and lambing have begun and there were some reports of livestock health issues due to the extreme temperature variations. MISSISSIPPI: For the week ending March 2, 2025, topsoil moisture supplies were 1% very short, 11% short, 68% adequate, and 20% surplus. Subsoil moisture supplies were 1% very short, 10% short, 72% adequate, and 17% surplus. Days suitable for fieldwork during the month of February were 16 days. Conditions for most of February were cold and wet. While some counties reported a surplus of moisture, some counties remained quite dry. Some sweet potato growers have begun bedding seed potatoes. Livestock were mainly consuming hay due to lack of winter forage. MISSOURI: For the month of February, the average temperature was 31.7 degrees, 2.8 degrees below normal. Precipitation averaged 1.24 inches, 0.88 inch below normal. As of March 2, topsoil moisture supply was rated 1 percent very short, 10 percent short, 81 percent adequate, and 8 percent surplus. Subsoil moisture supply was rated 2 percent very short, 14 percent short, 83 percent adequate, and 1 percent surplus. Winter wheat condition was rated 4 percent poor, 27 percent fair, 64 percent good, and 5 percent excellent. MONTANA: This report for Montana is for the entire month of February 2025. Topsoil moisture 17% very short, 29% short, 52% adequate, 2% surplus. Subsoil moisture 22% very short, 38% short, 39% adequate, 1% surplus. Winter wheat condition 1% very poor, 11% poor, 21% fair, 67% good. Winter wheat, wind damage was 70% none, 22% light, 5% moderate, 3% heavy. Winter wheat, freeze and drought damage 75% none, 16% light, 8% moderate, 1% heavy. Winter wheat, protectiveness of snow cover 18% very poor, 40% poor, 9% fair, 10% good, 23% excellent. Pasture and range condition 26% very poor, 45% poor, 22% fair, 6% good, 1% excellent. Livestock grazing accessibility 62% open, 25% difficult, 13% closed. Cattle receiving supplemental feed 97% fed, 97% last year. Sheep receiving supplemental feed 94% fed, 96% last year. Cows calved 4%, 13% last year. Ewes lambed 3%, 9% last year. February brought cooler temperatures and snowstorms. According to the U.S. Drought Monitor published for February 27, roughly 41 percent of the State was drought free, compared with 4 percent on January 28. Other drought categorizations included abnormally dry (D0) at 24 percent, moderate drought (D1) at 21 percent, severe drought (D2) at 10 percent, and extreme drought (D3) at 4 percent. NEBRASKA: For the week ending March 2, 2025, topsoil moisture supplies rated 27% very short, 44% short, 29% adequate, and 0% surplus. Subsoil moisture supplies rated 33% very short, 43% short, 24% adequate, and 0% surplus. Winter wheat condition rated 19% very poor, 19% poor, 39% fair, 22% good, and 1% excellent. NEVADA: For the week ending March 2, 2025, days suitable for fieldwork 7.0. Topsoil moisture 50% very short, 15% short, 25% adequate, and 10% surplus. Subsoil moisture 10% very short, 70% short, 15% adequate, and 5% surplus. Pasture and range condition 15% very poor, 50% poor, 20% fair, 10% good, and 5% excellent. As of February 25, the US Drought Monitor showed 78% of the State was not in a drought. Dry conditions continued during February, with little precipitation. Temperatures remained normal. Alfalfa was still dormant. Annual weeds started to germinate. NEW ENGLAND: States in New England experienced variable weather, cold days, snow, rain, and no periods of warmth. Regional monthly temperatures ranged from 11 to 32 degrees. Monthly average precipitation was 3.2 inches throughout the region. In Maine, temperature conditions remained in the teens and some evenings have been below zero, while topsoil remained frozen and there was minimal snow cover to insulate the ground. The water table in this area was still below normal, thus, water supplies on some farms were still inadequate for the daily demands of livestock. In Massachusetts, various cranberry growers were ice sanding while others were badge sanding the cranberry vines that were under winter floods to protect against winter injury caused by temperature fluctuations. According to a New Hampshire reporter, maple sugaring started a little later than the last couple years. In Vermont, there was plenty of snow cover in certain areas for the month of February. Such snowfall and steady temperatures helped keep the snow in place. Farmers were repairing equipment, buildings, and planning for 2025 growing season. Furthermore, they were in the process of finishing the record keeping for the 2024 growing season. NEW JERSEY: In February, New Jersey saw colder than average temperatures, high winds, and low precipitation in the form of both snow and rain. Drought conditions persisted in much of the State, though there has been steady improvement over the past few months. Some field work began later in the month for early vegetables and herbs, and winter wheat showed some signs of breaking dormancy in milder areas of the State. Greenhouses were still full of transplants, awaiting improvements in weather conditions. NEW MEXICO: This report is for the month of February 2025. Topsoil moisture 26% very short, 53% short, 21% adequate. Subsoil moisture 17% very short, 60% short, 23% adequate. Pecans harvested 93%, 96% 2024. Winter wheat condition 24% poor, 49% fair, 27% good. Cows calved 36%, 12% 2024. Cattle receiving supplemental feed 81%, 78% 2024. Cattle condition 2% very poor, 21% poor, 57% fair, 20% good. Ewes lambed 35%, 5% 2024. Sheep receiving supplemental feed 79%, 55% 2024. Sheep and lambs condition 44% fair, 56% good. Hay and roughage supplies 4% short, 91% adequate, 5% surplus. Stock water supplies 9% very short, 51% short, 40% adequate. February brought minimal moisture and above average temperatures to much of the State. Pecan harvest progressed to 93 percent complete. Producers in Dona Ana County continued to report the need for supplemental feed for cattle and honeybee producers reported colony collapses. Along the northern border, reports from Rio Arriba County indicate that the county is continuing to struggle with very dry conditions. According to the High Plains Regional Climate Center (HPRCC), counties in the western and central portions of New Mexico saw temperatures 2 to 6 degrees above average for the month of February while counties in the eastern portion of the State had mild temperatures for the month of February, ranging from normal to 2 degrees above normal. Precipitation was minimal across the State, with most counties receiving less than 0.1 inch of moisture for the month. The lack of precipitation worsened drought conditions in the State. According to the U.S. Drought Monitor for February 25, the State continues to remain free from exceptional drought (D4) conditions, however, extreme drought (D3) conditions increased from 5 percent last month to roughly 14 percent during the month of February. Severe drought (D2) conditions remained mostly unchanged, at approximately 15 percent of the State. Moderate drought (D1) conditions increased from 15 percent to 31 percent of the State, and abnormally dry (D0) conditions covered roughly 31 percent of New Mexico. NEW YORK: February experienced continued cold temperatures and dry conditions with some spots warming up later in the month. Some places received heavy snowfall and windy conditions only for rising temperatures later in the month to cause snow melt and flooding in some areas alongside rain. The impact of muddy fields on winter wheat and rye were unknown at time of reporting. Maple producers got off to a later start this year than previous but are starting this month with some optimism. Vinyard and orchard operators spent the month pruning. NORTH CAROLINA: For the week ending March 2, 2025. Subsoil moisture 4% very short, 12% short, 83% adequate and 1% surplus. Topsoil moisture 4% very short, 17% short, 76% adequate and 3% surplus. Barley condition 13% fair and 87% good. Hay and roughage supplies 1% very short, 5% short, 81% adequate, 13% surplus. Oats condition 44% fair, 56% good. Pasture and range conditions 1% very poor, 5% poor, 76% fair, 17% good, 1% excellent. Winter wheat condition 1% very poor, 30% fair, 63% good, 6% excellent. Throughout February, winter weather is looking good. Farmers are top dressing with nitrogen. Rain is needed Statewide. NORTH DAKOTA: For the week ending March 2, 2025, topsoil moisture supplies rated 9% very short, 30% short, 57% adequate, 4% surplus. Subsoil moisture supplies rated 13% very short, 32% short, 53% adequate, 2% surplus. Winter wheat condition rated 4% very poor, 10% poor, 47% fair, 39% good, 0% excellent. Cattle and calf conditions, 1% very poor, 3% poor, 24% fair, 67% good, 5% excellent. Cattle and calf death loss, 1% heavy, 53% average, 46% light. Calving progress, 14% complete. Sheep and lamb conditions, 1% very poor, 2% poor, 22% fair, 72% good, 3% excellent. Sheep and lamb death loss, 3% heavy, 58% average, 39% light. Lambing progress, 28% complete. Shearing progress, 39% complete. Hay and roughage supplies, 4% very short, 15% short, 76% adequate, 5% surplus. Stock water supplies, 9% very short, 27% short, 61% adequate, 3% surplus. OHIO: Topsoil moisture for the month was 2% very short, 4% short, 67% adequate, 27% surplus. Subsoil moisture for the month was 3% very short, 15% short, 66% adequate, 16% surplus. Winter wheat condition was rated 1% very poor, 4% poor, 36% fair, 53% good, 6% excellent. The Statewide average temperature was 29.9 degrees which was normal. Precipitation averaged 3.32 inches Statewide, 1.06 inches above normal for February. Much of Ohio received an above average amount of precipitation over the past month. Excess rainfall caused muddy field conditions for livestock and assisted in replenishing aquifers for many throughout the State. Winter wheat remained in stable condition. Other activities for the week included grain hauling, equipment maintenance, and tax season preparations. OKLAHOMA: For the month of February, rainfall totals averaged 0.66 inch throughout the State. According to the February 25 US Drought Monitor Report, 81 percent of the State was in the abnormally dry to exceptional drought category, up 50 points from the previous year. Additionally, 18 percent of the State was in the moderate drought to exceptional drought category, up 15 points from the previous year. Statewide temperatures averaged in the low 30's to low 40's, with the lowest recording of -7 degrees at Foraker on Thursday, February 20 and the highest recording of 89 degrees at Seiling on Monday, February 3. Topsoil and subsoil moisture conditions were rated mostly adequate to short. OREGON: Temperatures ranged from average to below average across most of the State. Clackamas, Columbia, Multnomah, and Washington Counties reported sporadic severe weather with wind damage and some local flooding. Erosion manifested in fields with inadequate cover. The weather also significantly pushed pasture and crop growth along with weed competition. These conditions encouraged fertilizing and weed control activities. Benton and Lincoln Counties also experienced a dichotomy of pleasant warm weather and several large storms that brought high winds, downed trees, power outages, and some flooding. Clatsop and Tillamook Counties followed suit with heavy rainstorms and high winds, which caused some structural damage. The grass was greening, and field conditions were saturated as rivers saw bank spillover. Fields in Morrow County had high moisture but were short of being saturated. Deep snow was reported in nearby higher elevations. Lake County experienced a continued trend of heavy precipitations along with freezing temperatures. Livestock producers reported higher than normal mortality rates for newborn livestock due to severe winter weather conditions. PENNSYLVANIA: For the month of February, the State experienced many precipitation events. There were a few light snowfalls and several days of rain. Temperatures varied throughout the month, starting off milder in the 30s and 40s. In the middle of month, it was cold and windy with temperatures in the 20s. By the end of the month, it was sunny and warmer with temperatures in the 50s. In some areas, the ground was still frozen at the end of the month, but there was little snow cover left on the fields. In other areas, small grains were starting to green up and farmers were applying nitrogen to these crops. Farmers were also busy spreading manure when conditions allowed and getting equipment ready for spring planting. SOUTH CAROLINA: February temperatures were 1.2 to 5.8 degrees warmer than historic averages depending on location. Total rainfall during the month ranged from 0.1 inch in Horry County to 7.2 inches in Pickens County. Some parts of the Upstate region received up to a half inch of snow during the month. According to the U.S. Drought Monitor, 82 percent of the State had abnormally dry conditions and 31 percent had moderate drought conditions by month's end, compared to 56 percent abnormally dry and 28 percent with moderate drought at the month's beginning. Despite being warmer than average, temperatures across the State fluctuated heavily throughout the month. Winter grazing conditions improved with warmer temperatures, although some reporters noted that more rain and continued warm temperatures were still needed. Field work activities began to pick up steam in preparation for spring planting. Vegetable losses due to freeze events were reported in the Pee Dee region. Some reporters in the Lowcountry noted that cattle weights were down due to slow growth of winter and spring grazing. SOUTH DAKOTA: For the week ending March 2, 2025, topsoil moisture supplies rated 43% very short, 40% short, 17% adequate, 0% surplus. Subsoil moisture supplies rated 40% very short, 43% short, 17% adequate, 0% surplus. Winter wheat condition rated 10% very poor, 32% poor, 42% fair, 16% good, and 0% excellent. TENNESSEE: For the week ending March 2, Days suitable 5. Topsoil moisture 1% very short, 11% short, 68% adequate, 20% surplus. Subsoil moisture is 1% very short, 10% short, 69% adequate, 20% surplus. Winter wheat condition 2% very poor, 6% poor, 34% fair, 43% good, 15% excellent. Pasture and Range condition 5% very poor, 17% poor, 42% fair, 32% good, 4% excellent. Cattle condition 1% very poor, 6% poor, 33% fair, 53% good, and 7% excellent. Hay and roughage supplies are 4% very short, 27% short, 61% adequate, 8% surplus. Tennessee experienced mostly average temperatures and precipitation during the month of February. Central and western counties received significant rainfall mid-month, resulting in moderate flooding in some areas. Colder temperatures moved across the region shortly thereafter but returned to average by the end of the month. While heavy precipitation in the west replenished soil moisture levels, many counties to the east remain under D0 abnormally dry to D2 severe drought conditions heading into the spring planting season. Weather permitting, producers have been hard at work spraying weeds, applying fertilizer, and preparing fields and equipment for the upcoming season. TEXAS: For the month of February precipitation ranged from trace amounts to upwards of 8 inches, with North East Texas and South East Texas districts receiving the most rain. Despite needing additional moisture, small grains reached the headed stage in some parts of the State. Some producers observed freeze damage in small grains. Producers prepared fields for row crop planting. While the pecan harvest concluded, producers continued to harvest citrus and winter vegetables. Most producers were feeding livestock hay and other supplements. In North East Texas and South East Texas, feral hogs were foraging in some fields. Pasture and range conditions were rated poor to fair. UTAH: This report for Utah is for the entire month of February 2025. Topsoil moisture 29% short and 71% adequate. Subsoil moisture 41% short and 59% adequate. Pasture and range condition 4% poor, 7% fair, 74% good, 15% excellent. Winter wheat condition 9% poor, 28% fair, 63% good. Hay and roughage supplies 53% adequate and 47% surplus. Stock water supplies 10% short, 57% adequate, and 33% surplus. Cattle and calves condition 94% good and 6% excellent. Sheep and lambs condition 93% good and 7% excellent. Livestock receiving supplemental feed for cattle 85%. Livestock receiving supplemental feed for sheep 97%. Cows calved 14%. Ewes lambed-farm flock 4%. Ewes lambed-range flock 8%. As of March 2, 2025, snowpack in Utah was 85 percent measured as percent of median snowfall. Grand County reported very dry, with little snow and warm conditions. Beaver County reported very poor snowpack, but livestock are doing well, and farmers are starting field work. VIRGINIA: For the week ending March 2 - Topsoil moisture 4% very short, 11% short, 71% adequate, 14% surplus. Subsoil moisture 3% very short, 16% short, 77% adequate, 4% surplus. Winter wheat condition 3% very poor, 5% poor, 32% fair, 56% good, 4% excellent. Barley condition 1% very poor, 3% poor, 38% fair, 55% good, 3% excellent. Livestock condition 4% poor, 47% fair, 42% good, 7% excellent. Pasture and Range condition 4% very poor, 29% poor, 38% fair, 27% good, 2% excellent. Hay supplies 5% very short, 30% short, 62% adequate, 3% surplus. Percent of feed obtained from pastures 8%. Virginia experienced above normal temperatures and precipitation throughout February. Winter storms and cold temperatures have caused many problems for farmers. Most parts of Virginia had flooding and power outages. Livestock and small grain conditions have declined due to the wet conditions. Hay and roughage supplies are mostly adequate to short. Primary activities for the month include cleaning up after the floods, monitoring crops for drowning, applying fertilizer, and doing pregnancy checks for fall calving. WASHINGTON: The Statewide temperatures for February were mostly below normal to normal for this time of year. Producers in central Washington received much needed precipitation in the form of snow. Crop activity was low, with some acres of orchards and hopyards torn out since the last cropping season. The northeastern region experienced cold weather. The rain melted the valley snow, which helped with soil moisture. Calving had officially begun. The east-central region reported that their winter wheat crop remained in good to excellent condition. February weather was favorable, apart from soil moisture loss due to frozen soil. The southeast region received some precipitation. Most precipitation went into the ground, but some runoff was due to frozen ground conditions. WEST VIRGINIA: For the week ending March 2, Topsoil moisture 2% very short, 20% short, 56% adequate, and 22% surplus. Subsoil moisture 2% very short, 23% short, 60% adequate, and 15% surplus. Hay and roughage supplies 15% very short, 51% short, and 34% adequate. Feed grain supplies 5% very short, 45% short, and 50% adequate. Winter wheat condition 11% poor, 84% fair, and 5% good. Cattle and calves condition 1% very poor, 5% poor, 20% fair, 69% good, and 5% excellent. Percent calved 25%. Sheep and lambs condition 1% very poor, 4% poor, 25% fair, and 70% good. Percent lambed 21%. Weather conditions for the month have been wet, with some area flooding, along with a mix of snow as temperatures fluctuated through the month. Farming activities for the month included calving and lambing, feeding hay, and cleaning up flood and storm debris from fields. WISCONSIN: February temperatures during February in Wisconsin averaged 16.1 degrees, 3.0 degrees below normal. The State averaged 0.94 inch of precipitation throughout the month, 0.05 inch below normal. Snow cover was common throughout much of February due to early storms, but snow rapidly melted with above average temperatures in late February. Lack of moisture continues to be a concern in Southern Wisconsin. Spring fieldwork activities observed included manure spreading and cranberry bog maintenance. There are still worries over winter freeze damage to alfalfa and winter wheat. WYOMING: This report for Wyoming is for the entire month of February 2025. Cows calved 11%. Ewes lambed 8%. Sheep shorn 14%. Topsoil moisture 30% very short, 34% short, 27% adequate, 9% surplus. Subsoil moisture 33% very short, 37% short, 26% adequate, 4% surplus. Winter wheat condition 16% very poor, 24% poor, 49% fair, 10% good, 1% excellent. Hay and roughage supplies 1% very short, 10% short, 73% adequate, 16% surplus. Livestock condition 1% very poor, 2% poor, 19% fair, 73% good, 5% excellent. Stock water supplies 1% very short, 10% short, 81% adequate, 8% surplus. Pasture and range condition 9% very poor, 17% poor, 41% fair, 29% good, 4% excellent. Wyoming received some relief from the ongoing drought conditions during the month of February. Rainfall was scattered and total accumulations varied widely across the State, ranging from a trace to 15 inches across the State during the month of February, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Temperatures varied widely across the State during the month, ranging from 15 degrees below average to near normal in the northern half of the State, while the southern half of the State saw temperatures ranging from 3 degrees below average to 6 degrees above average during the month, according to the High Plains Regional Climate Center (HPRCC) climate maps for the month of February. Drought conditions improved in Wyoming during February according to the United States Drought Monitor report published for February 25, 2025. The amount of land rated drought free was 4 percent, up 3 percent from the report published January 28, 2025. The amount of land rated abnormally dry covered 20 percent of Wyoming compared to 16 percent January 28. Moderate drought was found in 26 percent of Wyoming, compared to 24 percent on January 28. Severe drought improved to 34 percent, compared to 37 percent on January 28. Extreme conditions improved to 16 percent, compared to 22 percent on January 28. Reports from Platte County indicated receiving little moisture along with high winds during the month, keeping the ground dry which was great for calving and lambing but ruinous for spring planting and winter wheat. Goshen County reporters noted having not received any significant amount of moisture with ongoing severe drought conditions during the month of February. Reports from Lincoln County indicated near median levels of snowpack, temperatures near zero at night and slightly above freezing daytime temperatures, local rivers frozen over and overland flooding, while local ranchers were just starting to calving and lambing. Statistical Methodology Survey Procedures: Crop progress and condition estimates included in this report are based on survey data collected in December, January, February, and March. The non-probability crop progress and condition surveys include input from approximately 4,000 respondents whose occupations provide them opportunities to make visual observations and frequently bring them in contact with farmers in their counties. Based on standard definitions, these respondents subjectively estimate the progress of crops through various stages of development, as well as the progress of producer activities. They also provide subjective evaluations of crop and soil moisture conditions. Any weather data mentioned in this report is provided by outside sources such as the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and Agricultural Weather Information Service (AWIS). Information Contacts Listed below are the commodity statisticians in the Crops Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to nass@usda.gov. Patrick Boyle, Chief, Crops Branch..................................................................... (202) 720-2127 Chris Hawthorn, Head, Field Crops Section (202) 720-2127 Irwin Anolik - Crop Progress and Condition, Flaxseed, Mustardseed (202) 720-7621 Joshua Bates - Hemp, Oats, Soybeans (202) 690-3234 Natasha Bruton - Barley, Cotton System Consumption and Stocks, Grain Crushings (202) 690-1042 David Colwell - Fats and Oils, Flour Milling Products (202) 720-8800 Michelle Harder - Hay, Peanuts (202) 690-8533 James Johanson - Rye, Wheat (202) 720-8068 Greg Lemmons - Corn, Proso Millet, Rice (202) 720-9526 Becky Sommer - Cotton, Cotton Ginnings, Sorghum (202) 720-5944 Travis Thorson - Canola, Rapeseed, Safflower, Sunflower........................................... (202) 720-7369 Access to NASS Reports For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways: All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: www.nass.usda.gov. 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