Crop Progress - State Stories ISSN: 2470-9816 Released January 31, 2023, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). ALABAMA: January temperatures were generally warmer than in previous years, especially in the central and northern regions of the State. Despite the warmer temperatures, much of the State experienced short and significant bursts of cold weather throughout the month. January brought a significant amount of rain across the State. Total rainfall for the month ranged from 2.4 inches in Baldwin County to 12.5 inches in Walker County. According to the U.S. Drought Monitor, 6 percent of the State had abnormally dry conditions by month's end, compared to 49 percent at the month's beginning. Wheat and oats were reported to be in mostly good condition after some damage due to a deep freeze at the end of December. Winter grazing pastures were reported to be struggling in many areas of the State due to the freeze at the end of December, but some areas saw improvement due to warmer weather and a significant amount of precipitation. Cattle were reported to be in mostly fair condition, but many operators had to rely on supplemental feeding due to a lack of winter grazing. ALASKA: DATA NOT AVAILABLE ARIZONA: This report for Arizona is for the month of January 2023. Responses were based on the entire month, with consideration for any weather-related impacts that are forecast between now and month's end. By the end of the month, thirty-six percent of barley had been planted and 31 percent had emerged. Twenty-eight percent of Durum wheat had been planted and 19 percent had emerged. Ninety-five percent of the alfalfa crop was rated good to excellent depending on location last week, with harvest taking place on more than three-quarters of the alfalfa acreage across the State. For the entire State, 81 percent of the pasture and range was rated fair to good as soil moisture conditions remained mostly adequate. According to the United States Drought Monitor, by January 29 moderate drought covered 21.3 percent of the State. The State was free of extreme and exceptional drought. In the northeastern part of the State, forage and grass growth had improved, but was still dormant in some areas. Ceremonial purpose beansprouts have been planted. In the southeastern part of the State, constant winter rains have helped to improve soil conditions, small grain progress, and lovegrass growth. In the south-central part of the State, more moisture than expected was received, improving range conditions. Above average precipitation was reported in the northwestern part of the State during the month. In the last 30 days, the average minimum temperature was reported around the 15 Fahrenheit degrees, mostly in the north central and central east part of the State. The average maximum was around 70 Fahrenheit degrees, mostly in the southwestern part of the State. ARKANSAS: For the week ending January 29, 2023, topsoil moisture 1% very short, 2% short, 37% adequate, 60% surplus. Subsoil moisture 3% very short, 5% short, 48% adequate, 44% surplus. Days suitable for fieldwork during the month of January were 13.0 days. January conditions for the State were cold and wet. Recent rain and snow in parts of the State has saturated some pastures. Ranchers continued winter feeding and herd management while row crop farmers continued equipment maintenance and input planning for the upcoming season. CALIFORNIA: For the week ending January 29, 2023 - Days suitable for fieldwork 7.0. Topsoil moisture 5% short, 70% adequate, 25% surplus. Subsoil moisture 5% short, 80% adequate, 15% surplus. Pasture and range condition 5% poor, 35% fair, 30% good, 30% excellent. Winter wheat condition 5% fair, 30% good, 65% excellent. Precipitation during the first half of the month and the later part of the previous month saturated the soil and washed some of the topsoil in many parts of the State. The U.S. Drought Monitor shows 90% of the State in D1 and D2 drought. There is not land in D3 and D4 drought. Winter grain and forage crops were planted as the weather allowed. Wheat was off to a good start due to abundance in moisture. Fields of alfalfa, forage hay, oats, triticale, and wheat were sprayed for weeds. Pasture in the northern parts of the State were affected due to the large amount of snow. But in central and southern parts, range grass sprouted and was progressing with the recent rains. Garlic was planted and has sprouted. Broccoli and onions were harvested. Weeds were sprayed in apple, apricot, cherry, peach, almond, and walnut orchards. In stone fruit orchards pruning and shredding activities were ongoing as weather permitted. Older stone fruit orchards were removed, and fields were leveled and fumigated. Some almond trees were blown down due to the wind and heavy rain. Rain delayed some cultural practices in the almond orchards that normally happen during January. Navel oranges and mandarins harvest continued but was slowed at times during the month due to the heavy rain. There was some concern of splits and mold in the oranges due to the rain. Strawberries were developing and benefitted from the rainfall. COLORADO: This report for Colorado is for the entire month of January 2023. Topsoil moisture 4% very short, 18% short, 67% adequate, 11% surplus. Subsoil moisture 17% very short, 40% short, 42% adequate, 1% surplus. Winter wheat condition 7% very poor, 17% poor, 38% fair, 35% good, 3% excellent. Livestock condition 8% very poor, 11% poor, 27% fair, 40% good, 14% excellent. Pasture and range condition 8% very poor, 15% poor, 52% fair, 24% good, 1% excellent. Several snow events during January brought above average precipitation across the State and provided relief to drought conditions. According to the U.S Drought Monitor, 43 percent of the State is showing no signs of drought, up from 40 percent at the beginning of the month. A majority of the eastern portion of the State received more than 200 percent of normal precipitation throughout January, helping improve drought conditions. In northeastern and east central counties, stored feed supplies are very short and continue to decline rapidly due to poor weather conditions increasing the need for supplemental feed. County reports noted snow cover is still significant and has been consistent since December. Concerns remained for fall-seeded crops as many think the precipitation came too late. Southwestern counties received varying amounts of rain and snow in January. Reporters noted the cold temperatures have allowed the snow to melt slowly and the moisture seems to be infiltrating the soil well. Some locales reported snow and deep mud remained due to precipitation. Snowpack in the area continued to improve during January and is currently 142 percent of median snowfall. The San Luis Valley received above average moisture during January and most of the area is drought free according to the U.S. Drought Monitor. According to county reports, livestock remained in good condition. Statewide, winter wheat condition declined, with 38 percent of the crop rated good to excellent, compared to 50 percent good to excellent from the previous report, and 20 percent good to excellent last year. As of January 30, 2023, snowpack in Colorado was 133 percent measured as percent of median snowfall. DELAWARE: For the month of January New Castle County experienced average temperatures of 41 degrees Fahrenheit with an average humidity of 68%. Kent County saw average temperatures of 42 degrees Fahrenheit with average humidity of 74%. Sussex County experienced overcast damp weather with little rain. Poultry farms are guarding against the spread of avian flu. FLORIDA: January temperatures were on par with historical averages, although some parts of the State experienced significant daily fluctuations in temperature. Total rainfall for the month ranged from trace amounts in Miami-Dade County to over 7 inches in Leon County. According to the U.S. Drought Monitor, 40 percent of the State had abnormally dry conditions by month's end, compared to 41 percent at the month's beginning. The southern half of the State received little to no rain throughout the month, while the northern half of the State received a significant amount of precipitation. Pasture conditions remained mostly fair to good, although the lack of rain and spells of cold weather hurt some pastures across the State. There were reports of bleaching and frost on some pastures. Livestock remained in mostly fair to good condition. Sugarcane planting and harvest progressed well throughout January. Citrus grove activities throughout the month included mowing, fertilizing, spraying pesticides, removal of dead trees, and general grove maintenance. Vegetables that were planted and harvested during January include green beans, yellow squash, potatoes, zucchini, sweet corn, pepper, and avocadoes. Preparation for rice planting began in the second half of the month. GEORGIA: January temperatures ranged from 3.1 to 6.8 degrees warmer than historic averages depending on location. Total rainfall for the month ranged from 2.7 inches in Glynn County to 10.4 inches in Forsyth County. According to the U.S. Drought Monitor, 33 percent of the State had abnormally dry conditions and 19 percent had moderately dry conditions by month's end, compared to 54 percent abnormally dry and 28 percent moderate drought at the beginning of the month. January brought a tornado and high winds through central Georgia on the 12th that caused significant damage to pastures and timberland. Most of the State saw high rain levels during the month which hampered producers from being able to work fields. Rainy and cool conditions made it difficult for producers to meet the nutritional needs of cattle. Producers were feeding hay but noted that supplies were running low. Calf scours was noted to be an issue in northern Georgia due to cool temperatures and high moisture levels. Many winter crops were reported to have been damaged from freezing temperatures at the end of December and beginning of January. Wheat was reported to have been able to bounce back from the cold spell with minor frost damage. Some fields have had nitrogen applied to increase tillers with the remaining nitrogen expected to go out in mid-February, although many are delayed due to wet conditions. Onions were progressing nicely but did have some stand loss from the freeze event. HAWAII: DATA NOT AVAILABLE IDAHO: The average temperatures in Idaho for the month of January varied from below normal to above normal for most regions of the State. Accumulated precipitation remained slightly below to above normal for the water year. In northern Idaho, the area saw cooler than average temperatures throughout January, with little snow cover in most fields. Winter survival of some fall-sown varieties of canola, rapeseed, and peas was questionable. In southwest Idaho, temperatures were above freezing, with good precipitation. Hay stocks looked good. Snowpack for reservoir storage appeared favorable. In south central Idaho, conditions were mild with above average moisture. Feed supply appeared excellent with abundant supply. In eastern Idaho, temperatures were below normal, with heavy snowfall. Snow coverage protected fall crops from extremely cold temperatures. Hay stocks were adequate for now. Teton, Fremont, and Madison Counties experienced heavy snowfall, followed by extremely cold temperatures. Livestock were being fed hay. Bannock, Bingham, and Butte Counties received good precipitation in the form of snow. Calving and lambing season continued on schedule. ILLINOIS: For the week ending January 29, 2023, topsoil moisture 1% very short, 11% short, 65% adequate, 23% surplus. Subsoil moisture 2% very short, 15% short, 70% adequate, 13% surplus. Statewide, the average temperature in January was 35.2 degrees, 10.4 degrees above normal. Precipitation averaged 2.67 inches, 0.89 inch above normal. INDIANA: For the week ending January 29, 2023, topsoil moisture was 2% very short, 13% short, 70% adequate, and 15% surplus. Subsoil moisture was 5% very short, 24% short, 60% adequate, and 11% surplus. Winter wheat condition was rated 2% very poor, 6% poor, 28% fair, 53% good, and 11% excellent. Statewide temperatures averaged 37.1 degrees, 11.1 degrees above normal for the month of January. Statewide average precipitation was 3.38 inches, 1.11 inches above normal. Average temperatures throughout January hovered above normal for much of the State despite several cold snaps and winter storms. Precipitation averages were also consistently above normal this month which increased soil moisture levels from the previous month and resulted in muddy field conditions for some. Winter wheat conditions increased slightly from December with 64 percent of the crop rated in good to excellent condition. Livestock were reported to be doing well despite enduring frigid cold snaps and muddy field conditions. Other activities for the month included equipment maintenance, grain hauling, paperwork completion, and lime applications. IOWA: Farmers reported generally normal weather conditions for January, with several inches of snow covering the fields in most counties at the end of the month. Hopefully the multiple snow and rain events during the month will help ease the soil moisture issues that have been concerning producers. Calving and lambing has begun. Livestock were reported to be in good condition. Extreme cold temperatures have frozen some livestock water supplies. Grain movement was normal for the season. There was little fieldwork activity reported. KANSAS: For the week ending January 29, 2023, topsoil moisture supplies rated 36% very short, 30% short, 33% adequate, 1% surplus. Subsoil moisture supplies rated 44% very short, 34% short, 21% adequate, 1% surplus. Winter wheat condition rated 20% very poor, 27% poor, 32% fair, 19% good, 2% excellent. KENTUCKY: For the month of January, Kentucky saw well above normal temperatures and much above normal precipitation. After four months of below normal precipitation, the weather flipped in January. The heaviest activity occurred early in the month with numerous flood events. Mild temperatures accompanied the precipitation in most cases, however there was some light snow mixed in during a drop in temperatures. Temperatures for the period averaged 44 degrees across the State, 11 degrees above normal. Precipitation (liq. equ.) for the period totaled 4.99 inches Statewide, which was 1.49 inches above normal and 143% of normal. Hay supplies took a hit from drought throughout the fall as farmers began supplementing early. For the month, hay supplies 6% very short, 23% short, 65% adequate, 6% surplus. Livestock condition 2% very poor, 6% poor, 27% fair, 57% good, 8% excellent. Precipitation and unstable weather has taken a toll on livestock. Condition of winter wheat 3% very poor, 6% poor, 25% fair, 62% good, 4% excellent. Tobacco stripping 93% complete. LOUISIANA: For the week ending January 29, 2023, topsoil moisture 21% adequate, 79% surplus. Subsoil moisture 45% adequate, 55% surplus. Days suitable for fieldwork during the month of January were 15.0 days. January conditions for the State continued to be filled with excessive rain leaving fields saturated, exhibiting localized flooding in low areas. Cattle producers are running extremely low on hay supplies due to the previous drought in the 2022 growing season. The early frost killed most summer grasses and recent low temperatures killed young ryegrass. After a hard freeze, plants have rebounded, and some fruit trees have started to bud out. Some citruses will be lost due to the hard freeze and wet conditions. Sugarcane yields continue to drop after the freeze, but stubble seems to be returning. Field equipment activity remains at a halt in preparation for the next growing season. MARYLAND: For the month of January, temperatures ranged from the low single digits to the high fifties Fahrenheit. Farmers are deciding if the above average growing degree days justify an early application of green up fertilizers in hay, pasture, and wheat. Weather conditions appear to have contributed to cover crop growth and there were less instances of precipitation than average. MICHIGAN: For the week ending January 29, 2023, topsoil moisture 1% very short 15% short, 76% adequate and 8% surplus. Subsoil moisture 5% very short, 27% short, 65% adequate, and 3% surplus. Winter wheat condition rated 1% very poor, 6% poor, 32% fair, 55% good, and 6% excellent. Precipitation for the month of January averaged 2.36 inches throughout the State, 0.48 inch above normal. Temperatures for the month of January averaged 29.9 degrees, 10.6 degrees above normal. Approximately 44 percent of the State experienced abnormally dry conditions or worse, with 31 percent experiencing moderate drought and 10 percent experiencing severe drought conditions, according to the US Drought Monitor. The driest areas included the southeastern and thumb regions of the Lower Peninsula. January's mild temperatures and lack of snow cover in the beginning of the month had producers concerned about winter wheat condition. Farmers welcomed the latest snowfall and temperature drop. Other activities for the month included equipment maintenance, purchasing seed, and tending to livestock. MINNESOTA: It was a mild January for the most part, with much of the State seeing warmer-than-usual temperatures, on average. Snow cover as of January 26 was typical for the northern half of the State, while most of the southern half was well above average due to heavy snowfall during the month. There were a few reports of minor livestock losses, but nothing significant. A couple of hog barn roof collapses were reported. MISSISSIPPI: For the week ending January 29, 2023, topsoil moisture supplies were 1% very short, 2% short, 58% adequate, and 39% surplus. Subsoil moisture supplies were 2% short, 64% adequate, and 34% surplus. Days suitable for fieldwork during the month of January were 16.0 days. Conditions for most of January have been mild, but mid-to-late January brought wet, rainy conditions. Wheat and oats were making a positive comeback this month after the late December freeze left the crops in poor condition. Livestock conditions were good with above average temperatures throughout the month, but many cool season forages were still recovering. Soil moisture levels were back up and saturated throughout most of the State. Wet conditions hampered rye grass and winter forage crops which limited field work for fertilization. Overall, with fluctuating temperatures and more rainfall across the State for the month of January, crop progress for the State was headed in the right direction after the previous month freeze caused crop conditions to suffer. MISSOURI: For the week ending January 29, 2023. Topsoil moisture 2% very short, 9% short, 81% adequate, and 8% surplus. Subsoil moisture 5% very short, 31% short, 63% adequate, and 1% surplus. Winter wheat condition 0% very poor, 4% poor, 28% fair, 64% good, and 4% excellent. Statewide, precipitation averaged 2.73 inches for the month of January, 0.99 inch above average. Temperatures averaged 37.8 degrees, 9 degrees above normal. MONTANA: This report for Montana is for the entire month of January 2023. Topsoil moisture 10% very short, 41% short, 45% adequate, 4% surplus. Subsoil moisture 8% very short, 56% short, 33% adequate, 3% surplus. Winter wheat condition 1% very poor, 1% poor, 82% fair, 15% good, 1% excellent. Winter wheat wind damage 74% none, 12% light, 10% moderate, 4% heavy. Winter wheat freeze and drought damage 74% light, 20% moderate, 6% heavy. Winter wheat protectiveness of snow cover 9% very poor, 40% poor, 18% fair, 18% good, 15% excellent. Pasture and range condition 16% very poor, 31% poor, 28% fair, 24% good, 1% excellent. Livestock grazing accessibility 30% open, 32% difficult, 38% closed. Livestock receiving supplemental feed - cattle and calves 99% fed. Cows calved 4% complete. Livestock receiving supplemental feed - sheep and lambs 98% fed. Ewes lambed 2% complete. The State of Montana experienced a warm January, with varying precipitation totals. Drought conditions slightly improved in areas experiencing moderate, severe, and extreme drought; however, overall drought conditions have worsened due to minimal precipitation and warm temperatures. According to the US Drought Monitor published on January 26, 2023, 95.2 percent of the State is experiencing drought conditions, compared to 87.9 percent at the end of December. The amount of land rated as abnormally dry increased 7.3 percentage points from 28.0 percent at the end of December to 35.3 percent for the month of January. Moderate drought was present across 22.9 percent of the State, down slightly from 24.8 percent at the end of December. Severe drought covered 26.2 percent of the State, up from last month's 22.9 percent and extreme drought was found in 10.8 percent of the State, down from last month's 12.2 percent. NEBRASKA: For the week ending January 29, 2023, topsoil moisture supplies rated 18% very short, 37% short, 39% adequate, and 6% surplus. Subsoil moisture supplies rated 34% very short, 46% short, 20% adequate, and 0% surplus. Winter wheat condition rated 14% very poor, 26% poor, 38% fair, 20% good, and 2% excellent. NEVADA: For the week ending January 29, 2023 - Days suitable for fieldwork 2.1. Topsoil moisture 10% short, 80% adequate, 10% surplus. Subsoil moisture 5% very short, 10% short, 85% adequate. Pasture and range condition 75% poor, 25% fair. There was standing water and snow patches in northern parts of the State due to unusually high precipitation for the State during the first two weeks of January. This had a negative impact in pasture and range condition. More than 55% of the State was in D2 or D3 drought levels according to the U.S. Drought Monitor. NEW ENGLAND: New England States experienced a milder January with little or no significant snow accumulation reported. In Connecticut, temperature wise, it has been a mild January with only a few dustings of snow and no storms with substantial accumulation. Some significant rainfall though - roughly 6 inches in some places. New Hampshire reported that they are still very low on snowfall for the winter. Last week, Lancaster got a total of 10 inches from 3 storms, but warmer weather, rain, and wintery mix took down a lot of the volume. Temps have been variable, as high as 52 degrees during the day, and as low as 5 degrees at night. Most days were staying in the 20s to 30s. In Rhode Island, rainfall and temperatures are well above normal for January. Lastly, Vermont finally has some snow cover. Temperatures continue the thawing and freezing cycle within hours of each other. The snow cover is helping with these up and down cycles. However, Spring will tell if winter kill has settled in before the snow cover. Thankfully, water supplies are in good shape as streams have maintained good flow with rains and snow melt that has come with the upside of the temperature. NEW JERSEY: Above normal temperatures characterized much of the State during the month of January. Precipitation was at or above normal with some areas receiving a couple of inches of snowfall on one occasion, and other areas receiving none. Some operators may be able to start field work early this year if temperatures remain warmer. Early seeding in greenhouses has already begun for some vegetable and herb growers. NEW MEXICO: This report is for the entire month of January 2023. Topsoil moisture 24% very short, 57% short, 18% adequate 1% surplus. Subsoil moisture 32% very short, 47% short, 21% adequate. Cotton harvested 90%. Pecans harvested 90%, 82% last year. Winter wheat condition 1% very poor, 27% poor, 59% fair, 12% good, 1% excellent. Cows calved 2%, 7% last year. Cattle receiving supplemental feed 64%, 85% last year. Cattle condition 1% very poor, 10% poor, 46% fair, 33% good, 10% excellent. Ewes lambed 1%, 12% last year. Sheep receiving supplemental feed 71%, 86% last year. Sheep and lambs condition 11% very poor, 31% poor, 37% fair, 20% good, 1% excellent. Hay and roughage supplies 21% very short, 39% short, 36% adequate, 4% surplus. Stock water supplies 31% very short, 37% short, 32% adequate. Dry conditions prevailed across the State during the month of January, however there was some improvement in topsoil and subsoil moisture supplies. Compared with last year, pecan harvest at the end of the month continued to be slightly ahead of last year's progress. Comments from Union County noted some snow fall during the month was received, however more moisture is needed to improve conditions. Across the State, livestock were grazing on seeded winter wheat fields and pasture grass but remained in poor condition as little growth was seen in January. Winter wheat condition declined with only 13 percent of the crop rated in good to excellent condition, compared with 20 percent last month and 27 percent last year. Converted moisture totals during the past month ranged from no precipitation to approximately 3 inches. Significant precipitation continued to mostly accumulate in the western and central counties. Most counties saw below average precipitation during January. Average temperatures during January were generally above normal except for a few northwestern counties that were at or below normal, and a few southeastern counties were slightly above normal. According to the United States Drought Monitor for January 17, exceptional drought (D4) continued its hold across a portion of land in Union County. Extreme drought (D3) was noted across 3.6 percent of the State, severe drought (D2) covered 14.6 percent, moderate drought (D1) covered 22.2 percent, and abnormal dryness (D0) covered 49.1 percent. Drought-free conditions covered 10.4 percent of the State. Hay and roughage supplies were reported as 21 percent very short, 39 percent short, 36 percent adequate, and 4 percent surplus, compared with 17 percent very short, 38 percent short, 41 percent adequate, and 4 percent surplus on January 3. Stock water supplies were reported as 31 percent very short, 37 percent short, and 32 percent adequate, compared with 24 percent very short, 40 percent short, and 36 percent adequate on January 3. NEW YORK: January was characterized by variable temperatures, snowfall, and precipitation. There are concerns grain crops and forage crops may not do as well this year in fields with lack of snow cover and ponding water. Other areas had concerns regarding fluctuating temperatures and their impacts on bee colonies as well as hardening of fruit trees and grapevines. Operators continued planning and preparing for this next season as well as marketing crops. The hay market has been strong. NORTH CAROLINA: For the week ending January 29, 2023, Subsoil moisture 1% very short, 5% short, 64% adequate and 30% surplus. Topsoil moisture 1% very short, 3% short, 59% adequate and 37% surplus. Barley condition 2% poor, 20% fair, 76% good and 2% excellent. Hay and roughage supplies 1% very short, 11% short, 85% adequate and 3% surplus. Oats condition 31% fair, 68% good and 1% excellent. Pasture and range condition 1% very poor, 25% poor, 59% fair, 14% good and 1% excellent. Winter wheat condition 1% poor, 18% fair, 80% good and 1% excellent. Throughout January, some rains this month have kept field conditions wet with little activity. Recent rains have helped the drought issues. NORTH DAKOTA: For the week ending January 29, 2023, topsoil moisture supplies, 7% very short, 28% short, 57% adequate, 8% surplus. Subsoil moisture supplies, 9% very short, 37% short, 48% adequate, 6% surplus. Winter wheat condition, 0% very poor, 3% poor, 56% fair, 41% good, 0% excellent. Cattle and calf conditions, 1% very poor, 6% poor, 34% fair, 56% good, 3% excellent. Cattle and calf death loss, 1% heavy, 58% average, 41% light. Calving progress, 3% complete, near 4% last year. Sheep and lamb conditions, 2% very poor, 4% poor, 40% fair, 51% good, 3% excellent. Sheep and lamb death loss, 1% heavy, 50% average, 49% light. Lambing progress, 10% complete, near 8% last year. Shearing progress, 15% complete, near 19% last year. Hay and roughage supplies, 2% very short, 13% short, 84% adequate, 1% surplus. Stock water supplies, 3% very short, 15% short, 80% adequate, 2% surplus. OHIO: For the week ending January 29, 2023, topsoil moisture was 6% short, 74% adequate, 20% surplus. Subsoil moisture was 1% very short, 19% short, 67% adequate, 13% surplus. Winter wheat condition was rated 5% poor, 40% fair, 46% good, 9% excellent. The Statewide average temperature was 37.0 degrees, 10.5 degrees above normal. Precipitation averaged 4.04 inches Statewide, 1.64 inches above normal for January. Temperatures remained above average for much of January as a series of storms soaked fields, contributing to widespread reports of muddy soil. Snowfall accumulations tended to be light and melted rapidly. January's mild and stable weather provided relief to livestock after December's sharp temperature fluctuations. Winter wheat condition remained stable relative to the previous month, but scant snow cover caused concern for some farmers. OKLAHOMA: For the month of January, rainfall totals averaged 0.75 inch throughout the State, with the Southeast district recording the highest precipitation at 1.61 inches and the Panhandle district recording the lowest precipitation at 0.18 inch. According to the US Drought Monitor Report, 98 percent of the State was in the abnormally dry to exceptional drought category, up 3 points from the previous year. Additionally, 90 percent of the State was in the moderate drought to exceptional drought category, unchanged from the previous year. Statewide temperatures averaged in the 30's, with the lowest recording of 5 degrees at Boise City on January 29th and the highest recording of 65 degrees at Hollis on January 28th. Topsoil and subsoil moisture conditions were rated mostly adequate to very short. OREGON: Moisture conditions throughout the State ranged from very wet to wet for January. However, the western part of Oregon was still behind normal for seasonal precipitation. Temperatures ranged from lower than normal to around normal. Clackamas, Multnomah, and Washington Counties reported record rainfall and below average temperatures. Crop and pasture conditions reports were good, especially pastures left un-grazed during winter. In Columbia, Multnomah, and Washington Counties, very cold and dry weather was a concern for some berry and nursery crops. Benton and Lincoln Counties reported heavy rainfall at the beginning of the month, with drier days towards the end of January. High winds resulted in downed trees that contributed to power outages and impeded transportation. Many livestock producers anticipated the beginning of calving to start soon. Morrow County reported temperatures in single digits with no snow cover, with potential cold injury for the wheat crop. Gilliam, Hood River, Sherman, and Wasco Counties reported high rainfall with snow and average moisture content. Crops and livestock were both growing well with no concerns. Baker County reported mild weather and an average snowpack. Cattle producers were starting to calve. Umatilla and Wallowa Counties reported the winter wheat was in good condition, precipitation was below normal, and winter canola was doing excellent. There was concern about the impact on yields if conditions remained dry. Douglas, Jackson, and Josephine Counties reported good rainfall, although behind average. Wheeler and Grant Counties reported substantial rainfall and some snow. Crops and livestock were doing well. Lake County reported high precipitation and a few snowstorms that added to the snowpack. Morning temperatures were very cold and freezing kept the snowpack in place. PENNSYLVANIA: For the month of January, the State experienced fluctuating warm temperatures with plenty of rain. Soil moisture had improved since last month and should be good going into the Spring. Wheat and rye crops in some counties were reported to be in good condition. The mild winter so far has been good for livestock. Some farmers were waiting for the ground to freeze to be able to spread lime and manure. SOUTH CAROLINA: January temperatures ranged from 3.6 to 6.2 degrees warmer than historic averages depending on location. Total rainfall during the month ranged from 2.0 inches in Horry County to 11.2 inches in Aiken County. According to the U.S. Drought Monitor, 45 percent of the State had abnormally dry conditions and 12 percent had moderately dry conditions by month's end, compared to 51 percent abnormally dry and 11 percent moderate drought at the beginning of the month. Excessive rainfall made for wet field conditions which has delayed much field work and preparation. Freezing temperatures at the end of December and beginning of January damaged winter crops, including citrus trees. Strawberries were noted to be behind where they should be for this time of the year, and some producers experienced a loss due to the frost. Various diseases were an issue in strawberries for many growers. Overall, the crop was in fair to good condition. The small grain and cover crops had broken through the soil and were reported to be looking good. SOUTH DAKOTA: For the week ending January 29, 2023, topsoil moisture supplies rated 8% very short, 40% short, 51% adequate, 1% surplus. Subsoil moisture supplies rated 12% very short, 53% short, 34% adequate, 1% surplus. Winter wheat condition rated 4% very poor, 20% poor, 54% fair, 22% good, and 0% excellent. TENNESSEE: For the week ending January 29, days suitable 2.1. Topsoil moisture 1% short, 63% adequate, 36% surplus. Subsoil moisture 2% short, 73% adequate, 25% surplus. Winter wheat condition 4% very poor, 11% poor, 44% fair, 37% good, 4% excellent. Pasture and Range condition 6% very poor, 28% poor, 38% fair, 26% good, 2% excellent. Cattle condition 1% very poor, 6% poor, 35% fair, 52% good, and 6% excellent. Hay and roughage supplies 6% very short, 30% short, 58% adequate, 6% surplus. January has been relatively wet and warm for Tennessee. Pastures and fields are well saturated, and waterways are running high. Producers are fighting mud and standing water in fields and pastures. TEXAS: For the month of January, precipitation mostly ranged from trace amounts to upwards of 5 inches; however, isolated areas in Northeast Texas and the Backlands received between 8 to 15 inches of rainfall. Wheat and oats are responding to recent rains, but more moisture is needed to further the progress of the crops. Cattle are in fair condition and producers are depending on supplemental feed for much of their herd. Pasture and range conditions are mostly poor due to the lack of moisture and cold temperatures. UTAH: This report for Utah is for the entire month of January 2023. Topsoil moisture 12% short, 69% adequate, 19% surplus. Subsoil moisture 13% short, 84% adequate, 3% surplus. Pasture and range condition 2% very poor, 20% poor, 35% fair, 43% good. Winter wheat condition 6% poor, 45% fair, 42% good, 7% surplus. Hay and roughage supplies 15% very short, 29% short, 56% adequate. Stock water supplies 14% short, 86% adequate. Cattle and calves condition 9% poor, 36% fair, 54% good, 1% excellent. Sheep and lambs condition 12% poor, 53% fair, 35% good. Livestock receiving supplemental feed for cattle 70%. Livestock receiving supplemental feed for sheep 51%. Cows calved 4%. Ewes lambed-farm flock 5%. Colder temperatures along with snowstorms occurred throughout the State for the month of January. As of January 3, 2023, snowpack in Utah was 174 percent measured as percent of median snowfall. Box Elder County reports livestock producers continued feeding cattle due to the cold weather. Beaver County reports noted that livestock producers were dealing with calving issues due to the cold weather. VIRGINIA: Topsoil moisture 6% short, 77% adequate, 17% surplus for week ending January 29, 2023. Subsoil moisture 10% short, 84% adequate, 6% surplus for week ending January 29, 2023. Winter wheat condition 35% fair, 63% good, 2% excellent. Barley condition 36% fair, 62% good, 2% excellent. Livestock condition 5% poor, 36% fair, 52% good, 7% excellent. Pasture and Range condition 5% very poor, 22% poor, 47% fair, 25% good, 1% excellent. Hay supplies 2% very short, 21% short, 75% adequate, 2% surplus. Percent of feed obtained from pastures 10%. Virginia experienced unseasonably warm temperatures throughout January and below normal precipitation for the first 3 weeks and significant rainfall in the last week of January. The rainfall from the past week has led to a great deal of mud and possible pasture damage in some areas. Small grains are getting waterlogged in a few areas. Hay and roughage supplies are mostly adequate to short. Primary activities for the month include equipment maintenance and purchasing seed and fertilizer. WASHINGTON: Northwest Washington experienced low temperatures and wet conditions. In Skagit County, there was not much harvesting, but animals were in good condition. Farmers were educating themselves to prepare for next year. Central Washington saw a mix of weather patterns. In Klickitat County, January was warm and wet. The past few weeks were warm and dry, with temperatures stretching into the upper forties. In Benton and Yakima Counties, the weather was mild. Yakima experienced roughly twenty days of precipitation that contributed a minimum amount of snow. In crop-producing areas, most of the snow had melted into the soil. The only notable field activity was orchard pruning. In Northeast Washington, temperatures were harsher than in the western part of the State. In January, warm temperatures and storm events brought heavy rain and snow. In East Central and Southeast Washington, conditions were typical for this time of year. In Grant County, producers were starting to calve. In Garfield County, the cold weather may have caused some issues for livestock. WEST VIRGINIA: For the week ending January 29, topsoil moisture 3% short, 52% adequate, and 45% surplus. Subsoil moisture 7% short, 79% adequate, and 14% surplus. Hay and roughage supplies 9% short, 89% adequate, and 2% surplus. Feed grain supplies 5% short and 95% adequate. Winter wheat condition 47% fair, 48% good, and 5% excellent. Cattle and calves condition 28% fair, 65% good, and 7% excellent. Sheep and lambs condition 28% fair, 64% good, and 8% excellent. Weather conditions for the month have been wet with rain and snow, along with a mix of warm and cold temperatures and windy conditions. Farming activities for the month included monitoring livestock health and preparing for the next growing season. WISCONSIN: January was unseasonably warm across Wisconsin, averaging 11.4 degrees above normal through the 29th. Most northern portions of the State had snow throughout the month, protecting overwintered crops. In areas further south where snow had melted due to the mild temperatures there were concerns of damage to winter wheat and alfalfa. A snowstorm in the southern part of the State late in the month brought several inches of snow, covering the ground before a cold spell set in the last few days of the month. Precipitation for January was 0.59 inch above normal through the 29th. Reporters noted that between the snow cover and warm temperatures there was little frost in the ground, helping soil moisture levels as the moisture that was received was able to soak in. WYOMING: This report for Wyoming is for the entire month of January 2023. Topsoil moisture 12% very short, 22% short, 64% adequate, 2% surplus. Subsoil moisture 15% very short, 39% short, 46% adequate. Winter wheat condition 4% very poor, 18% poor, 60% fair, 17% good, 1% surplus. Hay and roughage supplies 7% very short, 23% short, 69% adequate, 1% surplus. Livestock condition 1% poor, 8% fair, 86% good, 5% excellent. Stock water supplies 4% very short, 15% short, 80% adequate, 1% surplus. Pasture and range condition 5% very poor, 19% poor, 31% fair, 42% good, 3% surplus. Cows calved 1%. Ewes lambed 2%. Most of Wyoming received above normal amounts of moisture in January. In some areas of the State, precipitation levels were as much as 2.5 inches above average. Some areas of northern Wyoming received at or slightly below normal amounts of precipitation thus far in January. Temperatures ran mostly below normal in southern Wyoming and above normal in the north and far west. Portions of Fremont, Lincoln, and Sweetwater Counties saw temperatures as much as 6 to 8 degrees below average, while a portion of Sheridan County experienced temperatures as much as 8 degrees above normal. With the escalation in moisture, Wyoming saw an improvement in drought conditions according to the United States Drought Monitor report published on January 26, 2023. The amount of land rated drought free increased to 29.8%, compared with 25.6% as published on December 29, 2022. The amount of land rated abnormally dry stood at 25.4%, compared with 20.8% at the end of December. At 24.0%, moderate drought changed little from 25.0% last month. Severe drought conditions fell to 17.7%, compared with 22.1% last month. Extreme drought improved to 3.1%, compared with 6.5% at the end of December. In Goshen County, the generous snowfall received will greatly benefit the depleted topsoil moisture levels. The southern portions of Hot Springs County received substantial amounts of snow. Laramie County has also received beneficial amounts of snow, but temperatures have not been warm enough for the snow to melt and soak into the soil. There is concern some snow may be lost in the wind. Lincoln County has received abundant snow so far this year along with cold, but tolerable temperatures. Pastures and aftermath feed were buried under the snow cover. Livestock producers were feeding their stock hay. Snowfall this month in Platte County has improved the dry conditions, but not enough to end the drought. Farmers and ranchers remained hopeful that continued much needed snow would benefit pastures and reservoirs. Hay and roughage supplies for Wyoming were rated 7% very short, 23% short, 69% adequate, and 1% surplus, compared with 3% very short, 20% short, 73% adequate, and 4% adequate last month. Stock water supplies across Wyoming were rated 4% very short, 15% short, 80% adequate, and 1% surplus, compared with 6% very short, 17% short, 72% adequate and 5% surplus last month. Statistical Methodology Survey Procedures: Crop progress and condition estimates included in this report are based on survey data collected in December, January, February, and March. The non-probability crop progress and condition surveys include input from approximately 4,000 respondents whose occupations provide them opportunities to make visual observations and frequently bring them in contact with farmers in their counties. Based on standard definitions, these respondents subjectively estimate the progress of crops through various stages of development, as well as the progress of producer activities. They also provide subjective evaluations of crop and soil moisture conditions. Any weather data mentioned in this report is provided by outside sources such as the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and Agricultural Weather Information Service (AWIS). Information Contacts Listed below are the commodity statisticians in the Crops Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to nass@usda.gov Lance Honig, Chief, Crops Branch................................................ (202) 720-2127 Chris Hawthorn, Head, Field Crops Section (202) 720-2127 Irwin Anolik - Crop Weather (202) 720-7621 Joshua Bates - Hemp, Oats, Soybeans (202) 690-3234 David Colwell - Current Agricultural Industrial Reports (202) 720-8800 Michelle Harder - Barley, County Estimates, Hay (202) 690-8533 James Johanson - Rye, Wheat (202) 720-8068 Greg Lemmons - Corn, Flaxseed, Proso Millet (202) 720-9526 Becky Sommer - Cotton, Cotton Ginnings, Sorghum (202) 720-5944 Travis Thorson - Sunflower, Other Oilseeds................................. (202) 720-7369 Lihan Wei - Peanuts, Rice.................................................. (202) 720-7688 Access to NASS Reports For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways: All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: www.nass.usda.gov. 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