Crop Progress - State Stories ISSN: 2470-9816 Released February 5, 2025, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). ALABAMA: January temperatures were unseasonably cool, which resulted in over 8 inches of snowfall along the coast and in the Southeast part of the State. Total rainfall for the month ranged from 1.9 inches in Jefferson County to 5.7 inches in Pickens County. The rainfall received throughout the month continued to alleviate drought conditions for the State. The snowfall provided some additional soil moisture as it melted off. According to the U.S. Drought Monitor, 61.8 percent of the State had abnormally dry conditions by month's end, compared to 81.1 percent at the month's beginning. Many producers reported the extreme weather stunted growth of winter wheat and ryegrass. However, conditions improved slightly as temperatures increased. Cover crops also improved as the State warmed up and received more precipitation. Hay continued to be in high demand and hard to come by due to the limited supply and recent extreme weather conditions. In Cullman County, there was no reported damage from the freezing temperatures to peaches or strawberries. In Houston County, some satsuma producers reported tree damage and stunted growth. Overall, pastures were in fair condition. Most cattle producers continued supplementing livestock with hay. ALASKA: DATA NOT AVAILABLE ARIZONA: This report for Arizona is for the month of January 2025. Responses were based on the entire month, with consideration for any weather-related impacts. By month's end, 43 percent of Arizona barley had been planted, of which 36 percent had emerged, down 22 and 28 percentage points, respectively, from the previous year's levels, according to the Mountain Regional Field Office of the National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA. Forty-one percent of Arizona's Durum wheat had been planted, of which 35 percent has emerged, down 13 and 9 percentage points respectively from the previous year's levels. Alfalfa hay harvest continued to take place on about 40 percent of the crop's acreage throughout the State. Arizona's alfalfa crop was rated in mostly good to excellent condition, with only 4 percent of the crop rated fair. Pasture and range conditions throughout the State deteriorated slightly when compared to that of the previous report. Twenty-eight percent of the State's pasture and rangeland was rated very poor, 37 percent was rated poor, 22 percent was rated fair, 12 percent was rated good, and 1 percent was rated excellent. Topsoil moisture levels remained mostly adequate, with 36 percent rated very short, 11 percent rated short, 52 percent rated adequate, and 1 percent rated surplus. Subsoil moisture levels followed a similar trend. Corroborating reports from Navajo, Apache, and Pima Counties have stated that moisture has been extremely limited and that the only areas with adequate soil moisture levels are those that are irrigated or are located at high elevations. Throughout the month of January, measurable precipitation was lacking across much of the State; however, according to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) data, western areas of the San Fransisco Plateau, as well as the White Tank and White Mountains, accumulated anywhere from 0.40 to 1.00 inch of total precipitation. All remaining areas of the State received anywhere from trace amounts to 0.25 inch of total precipitation. The drought information statement for south-central Arizona, southwest Arizona, and southeast California remained in effect and was updated on January 25 in response to the driest monsoon and hottest summer-fall on record. The seasonal mean temperature and total precipitation outlooks for February, March, and April were issued by the National Weather Service on January 16. The seasonal mean temperature outlook continues to show that temperatures will likely be above normal for the entirety of the State, with the eastern two-thirds of Arizona having a higher probability of experiencing warmer temperatures than the remaining third of the State. Similarly, the seasonal total precipitation outlook continues to show that precipitation will likely be below normal for the entirety of the State, with southeastern regions having a higher probability of experiencing below average precipitation than remaining areas of the State. Arizona's seasonal drought outlook was updated on January 31. The outlook now shows that conditions are expected to persist throughout all areas of the State that were affected by moderate drought (D1) or higher on January 28. Drought is expected to develop across all remaining areas of the State. Streamflow conditions throughout Arizona deteriorated significantly when compared to that of the previous report and are currently flowing at below to historically low levels. As of January 28, the U.S. Drought Monitor showed a significant deterioration in conditions when compared to that of the previous report. Abnormally dry conditions (D0) bounded 16 percent of the State, moderate drought (D1) encompassed 20 percent, severe drought (D2) enveloped 43 percent, and extreme drought (D3) spanned 21 percent of the State's total land area. Arizona once again remained free of exceptional (D4) drought. Throughout the month of January, temperatures were at or below normal according to the High Plains Regional Climate Center (HPRCC). Daytime highs throughout Arizona ranged from 5 degrees below to 1 degree above normal and ranged from the low-30's in north-central Coconino County to the high 70's across southwestern regions of the State. Overnight lows ranged from 10 degrees below to 2 degrees above normal and ranged from 5 to 25 degrees across northern and eastern counties, whereas counties within the Sonoran Desert experienced lows of 30 to 45 degrees Fahrenheit. ARKANSAS: For the week ending February 2, 2025, topsoil moisture supplies were 1% very short, 3% short, 38% adequate, and 58% surplus. Subsoil moisture supplies were 2% very short, 5% short, 48% adequate, and 45% surplus. There were 16 days suitable for fieldwork during the month of January. Conditions throughout the month were wet and cool in most areas. Increased amount of rainfall helped drought situations. Farmers were hauling grain to the elevator. Cold temperatures had a negative impact on newborn calves causing some not to survive. Livestock producers were in the field feeding hay daily. There was no unusual activity for this time of the year. CALIFORNIA: For the week ending February 2, 2025 - Days suitable for fieldwork 6.2. Topsoil moisture 5% short, 90% adequate, and 5% surplus. Subsoil moisture 5% short, 90% adequate, and 5% surplus. Pasture and range condition 40% fair, 50% good, and 10% excellent. Winter wheat condition 5% fair, 85% good, and 10% excellent. As of January 12, snowpack content ranged from 6.5 to 15.4 inches in the Northern, Southern and Central Sierras. Winter grains and alfalfa were growing well. Some alfalfa fields were harmed by the frost. Winter wheat planted earlier in the season was growing well, while winter wheat planted later showed signs of stress due to lack of moisture. Field prep for summer crops began. Herbicide applications began for wheat and alfalfa, and fertilizer applications began for wheat. Winter vegetables continued to grow. Daikon and broccoli matured. Planted onions have sprouted and leaves have emerged from the soil. Almond orchards were nearing the end of dormancy. Buds on almond trees were enlarging and will begin to open in February. Field crews weeded and sprayed in almond orchards for pest control. Some pistachio and walnut orchards have sheep penned inside to help with weed control and fertilization. Early varieties of stone fruit were blooming. Pre-emergent herbicides and dormant pesticides sprays were applied to orchards. Pomegranate trees began entering dormancy and were pruned. Grape vineyards were pruned and vines were tied. Kiwi vines were pruned. Citrus groves were pruned and treated for pests and weeds. Navel orange, grapefruit, pummelo, mandarin, and lemon harvests continued. Pushed out citrus groves continued to be prepared for replanting. Strawberries were planted. Blackberry and blueberry stems showed signs of new development. The Avian flu presented challenges for poultry and dairy cattle. Rangeland was green and lush with the added moisture of the cool mornings with mild temperatures and significant sun. Irrigated pastures were in good to excellent condition, while non-irrigated pastures were in good condition. COLORADO: This report for Colorado is for the entire month of January 2025. Topsoil moisture 21% very short, 30% short, 45% adequate, 4% excellent. Subsoil moisture 23% very short, 23% short, 49% adequate, 5% excellent. Winter wheat condition 6% very poor, 8% poor, 29% fair, 48% good, 9% excellent. Livestock condition 1% very poor, 6% poor, 28% fair, 49% good, 16% excellent. Pasture and range condition 10% very poor, 24% poor, 32% fair, 29% good, 5% excellent. Below average temperatures and varied levels of precipitation were seen across the State during the month of December. According to the U.S. Drought Monitor report published on January 30, almost 39 percent of the State was abnormally dry or in a state of drought, up from 25 percent at the end of December. Almost 5 percent of the State was in severe to exceptional drought, an improvement from last January, when almost 7 percent of the State was under severe to exceptional drought conditions. Areas of northern Larimer and Weld Counties experienced continued extreme drought conditions, encompassing less than 1 percent of the State. Temperatures across the State for the month of January trended below average. Several counties realized temperatures more than 6 degrees below normal, with isolated areas of the State realizing temperatures more than 9 degrees below normal. Reports from Grand and Jackson Counties stated exceptionally cold temperatures and minimal snow were experienced last month, while wolves remained a concern among livestock producers. Some areas of the high country received more than 6 inches of moisture, while most of the district received between 1 and 3 inches, significantly below average for January. Northeastern counties, overall, received minimal moisture, and windy conditions had quickly dried out moisture that was received. Western portions of Boulder and Larimar Counties received more than 2 inches of moisture, but impact to drought conditions was minimal. Many areas in southwestern counties remained primarily dry, but isolated areas of Hinsdale, Ouray, San Juan, and San Miguel Counties received more than 2 inches of moisture during the month of January, which was still significantly below the January normal precipitation levels. Reporters noted temperatures in the San Luis Valley were very cold in January, but livestock remained in good condition. Livestock continued limited grazing with supplementation. Isolated areas of Costilla County received upwards of 2 inches of moisture, but many other areas of the district had limited moisture. Statewide, winter wheat condition declined significantly, with 57 percent of the crop rated good to excellent, compared with 70 percent good to excellent from the previous report and 63 percent good to excellent last year. As of February 2, 2025, snowpack in Colorado was 88 percent measured as percent of median snowfall. DELAWARE: January was characterized by below average temperatures with reports of snow accumulation of over 8 inches. The soils were observed to be in a frozen-like condition. Crops were described to be in an average state. Fall wheat was planted late due to the colder temperatures that were experienced. Drought concerns in Sussex County appear to be high, given the lack of typical rains. Snow geese were still present in the State, with reports of deceased birds in fields. H5N1 Avian Flu (Highly Pathogenic Avian Flu or bird flu) remains prevalent in the State, with strict biosecurity measures and protocols having been implemented to mitigate safety concerns. FLORIDA: January temperatures were much colder than normal which resulted in over 8 inches of snowfall in the Panhandle. Total rainfall for the month ranged from 0.5 inch of rain in Lee County to 8.5 inches in Columbia County. According to the U.S. Drought Monitor, 61.7 percent of the State had abnormally dry conditions by month's end, compared to 89.9 percent at the month's beginning. The snow received delayed field work for many producers. There were numerous reports of crop damage resulting from the extreme weather conditions, specifically for strawberries, leafy greens, small grains and winter grazing. Damage assessments continued to determine the damage to wheat, oats, and cover crops. In Palm Beach County, the damage was minimal for leafy vegetables, sweet corn and sugarcane. Pasture conditions were mostly fair last month, however the freezing temperatures and snow received did cause pasture conditions to steadily decline. As a result, many supplemented cattle with feed. Near the end of the month, as temperatures warmed up and snow melted, pasture conditions started to improve. Cattle remained in mostly good condition throughout the month. Sugarcane planting and harvest progressed well throughout January, with some delays due to windy conditions and wet fields. Near the end of the month, producers started to prepare for rice planting. Grove operations included fertilizing, minimal spraying, mowing after harvest, applying minimal herbicides, and continued pushing up of abandoned groves and dead trees. GEORGIA: January temperatures were 2.9 to 6.8 degrees colder than historical averages depending on location. Total rainfall for the month ranged from 1.3 inches in Dodge County to 8.6 inches in Jasper County. Most of the State received snow during the month, with Sumter County having the most at 7.0 inches. According to the U.S. Drought Monitor, 35 percent of the State had abnormally dry conditions and 9 percent had moderate drought conditions by month's end, compared to 32 percent abnormally dry and 9 percent with moderate drought conditions at the month's beginning. The State experienced unseasonably cold temperatures and snow throughout the State during January. This hampered the growth of small grains and limited the availability of winter grazing. Cattle were reported to be in good to fair condition during the month, however many producers across the State were beginning to run out of hay supplies. The small grains that were affected by the weather conditions were expected to bounce back. Some producers were beginning to prepare for the spring season by getting soil samples and spreading lime. HAWAII: DATA NOT AVAILABLE IDAHO: The average temperatures for January were primarily below normal for the entire State. Accumulated precipitation was below normal for most of the State as well. Owyhee County reported mainly dry and cold conditions in the southwestern regions of Idaho. Calving conditions were good, and calving itself progressed well. Hay stocks were satisfactory, with all classes of hay available. Elmore County reported that the lack of moisture and the temperatures impacted livestock forage availability, resulting in additional resources, like hay, needed by local operations. Jerome and Twin Falls Counties reported that snowpacks had started becoming a concern. However, the open winter was good for livestock, and calving was underway. Bonneville County reported adequate snow cover over winter wheat. The Snow Water Equivalent was close to normal in the basins supplying local irrigation water. ILLINOIS: For the week ending February 2, 2025. Topsoil moisture 1% very short, 13% short, 58% adequate, and 28% surplus. Subsoil moisture 1% very short, 27% short, 55% adequate, and 17% surplus. Winter wheat condition 0% very poor, 1% poor, 34% fair, 57% good, and 8% excellent. For the month of January, temperatures averaged 22.7 degrees, 2.1 degrees below normal. Precipitation averaged 1.40 inches, 0.53 inch below average. INDIANA: Topsoil moisture for the month of January was 4% very short, 14% short, 61% adequate, 21% surplus. Subsoil moisture for the month was 5% very short, 21% short, 62% adequate, 12% surplus. Winter wheat condition was rated 1% very poor, 3% poor, 27% fair, 57% good, 12% excellent. Statewide temperatures averaged 22.5 degrees, 3.5 degrees below normal for the month of January. Statewide average precipitation was 1.67 inches, 0.77 inch below normal. The month of January brought colder-than-average temperatures, snowstorms, and some rain. More precipitation would be needed to fully recharge subsoil moisture levels. The winter wheat crop was exposed to several cold snaps and, in portions of the State without snow cover, some damage was reported. Livestock were reported to be doing well, with some losses of calves due to the cold weather. Forage was available and hay inventory was stable. Other activities included grain hauling and repairing equipment in preparation for spring fieldwork. IOWA: January began with slightly below average temperatures across much of the State. Mid-month, the State experienced temperatures well below normal, but the last 10 days of the month saw unseasonably warm temperatures with some areas noting record or near-record highs. Most reporters described January as dry with little to no precipitation, which allowed fertilizer and lime applications to continue. Livestock conditions were generally good, with lambing and calving getting underway. With slightly higher prices and favorable conditions for transportation, there was significant grain movement. Concerns for drought in the Spring and fire hazards due to dry conditions were reported. KANSAS: For the week ending February 2, 2025, topsoil moisture supplies rated 9% very short, 22% short, 63% adequate, 6% surplus. Subsoil moisture supplies rated 11% very short, 28% short, 59% adequate, 2% surplus. Winter wheat condition rated 4% very poor, 10% poor, 36% fair, 43% good, 7% excellent. KENTUCKY: January brought below normal temperatures and above normal precipitation. The drier than normal fall season has given way to a wetter than normal winter, with adequate rainfall being received for three consecutive months now. The U.S. drought monitor indicates that no parts of the State are suffering drought conditions, with only small areas in the far southeastern reaches considered abnormally dry. Cold air events were persistent across the State in January, particularly in the middle of the month. This was a stark contrast from the mostly mild weather experienced in December. Preliminary weather data indicates this may be the coldest January in Kentucky since 2014. Precipitation for the month totaled 4.20 inches, 0.48 inch above normal. Precipitation totals by climate division, West 3.70 inches, Central 4.02 inches, Bluegrass 3.45 inches, and East 3.70 inches, which was 0.86, 0.49, 0.10, and 0.43 inch above normal respectively. Temperatures averaged 29 degrees for the month, 4 degrees below normal. Average temperatures ranged from 30 degrees in the West to 27 degrees in the East. Tobacco stripped is at 96%, 1% behind last year at this time. Winter wheat condition was rated as 2% very poor, 2% poor, 16% fair, 72% good, and 8% excellent. The hot and dry conditions in late summer and early fall caused many farmers to supplement grazing with hay earlier than normal. Cold temperatures and widespread snow were not optimal for pasture regrowth in January. The current hay supply is rated as 2% very short, 18% short, 76% adequate, and 4% surplus. Livestock condition was rated as 1% very poor, 3% poor, 22% fair, 66% good, and 8% excellent. LOUISIANA: For the week ending February 2, 2025, topsoil moisture supplies were 0% very short, 3% short, 45% adequate, and 52% surplus. Subsoil moisture supplies were 0% very short, 4% short, 57% adequate, and 39% surplus. There were 16 days suitable for fieldwork during the month of January. Overall, the State experienced several days of very cold weather. Precipitation, including record-breaking snow in some parishes, halted fieldwork for several days. Soils are saturated with moisture, and operators are hopeful that coming sunshine and warmer weather will improve field conditions quickly. MARYLAND: Temperatures in the State were characterized as being below average for the month. Precipitation included rains and periods of heavy snowfall. The lower-than-average temperatures were reported to have contributed to a short supply of hay. Cover crops and small grains were described as seeing improvements, attributable to the precipitation received. Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI or Bird Flu) concerns remain high. High biosecurity measures and protocols have been implemented for protection measures. MICHIGAN: Topsoil moisture 3% very short, 18% short, 72% adequate, 7% surplus. Subsoil moisture 9% very short, 18% short, 70% adequate, 3% surplus. Winter wheat condition rated 2% very poor, 7% poor, 36% fair, 35% good, 20% excellent. Precipitation for the month of January averaged 1.38 inches in the State, 0.58 inch below normal. Temperatures for the month of January averaged 19.0 degrees, 0.3 degree below normal. January saw below average temperatures and precipitation across the State. There were concerns about damage to winter wheat and rye due to the lack of snow cover in some areas. Other activities for the month included hauling grain, preparing equipment for spring, purchasing seed, ordering supplies, and tending livestock. MINNESOTA: Temperatures in January were above normal with less than average precipitation. Snow cover was minimal and melted quickly. Livestock were doing well with no issues reported. MISSISSIPPI: For the week ending February 2, 2025, topsoil moisture supplies were 0% very short, 9% short, 76% adequate, and 15% surplus. Subsoil moisture supplies were 0% very short, 6% short, 76% adequate, and 18% surplus. Days suitable for fieldwork during the month of January were 19 days. Conditions for most of January were cold and wet. Winter wheat growth has slowed due to cold, wet winter weather patterns. Livestock were mainly consuming hay due to lack of winter forage. Some wheat damage has been reported due to the large amounts of snow received. MISSOURI: For the week ending February 2, 2025. Topsoil moisture 1% very short, 8% short, 76% adequate, and 15% surplus. Subsoil moisture 2% very short, 15% short, 77% adequate, and 6% surplus. Winter wheat condition 0% very poor, 1% poor, 22% fair, 74% good, and 3% excellent. For the month of January, temperatures averaged 26.0 degrees, 2.9 degrees below normal. Precipitation averaged 1.92 inches, equal to the average. MONTANA: This report for Montana is for the entire month of January 2025. Topsoil moisture 28% very short, 34% short, 35% adequate, 3% surplus. Subsoil moisture 33% very short, 35% short, 30% adequate, 2% surplus. Winter wheat condition 2% very poor, 5% poor, 22% fair, 70% good, 1% excellent. Winter wheat - wind damage was 80% none, 11% light, 7% moderate, 2% heavy. Winter wheat - freeze and drought damage 86% none, 8% light, 4% moderate, 2% heavy. Winter wheat - protectiveness of snow cover 11% very poor, 10% poor, 22% fair, 56% good, 1% excellent. Pasture and range condition 34% very poor, 28% poor, 34% fair, 4% good. Livestock grazing accessibility 36% open, 50% difficult, 14% closed. Cattle receiving supplemental feed 94% fed, 92% last year. Sheep receiving supplemental feed 90% fed, 95% last year. Cows calved 1%; 4% last year. Ewes lambed 1%, 3% last year. January brought a mixed weather pattern to Montana, with varying average temperatures and wide-ranging precipitation totals when compared with monthly normal. According to High Plains Regional Climate Center (HPRCC) data, the northeastern corner of the State recorded temperatures more than 6 degrees above average, while much of southwestern Montana felt temperatures up to 6 degrees below average. National Weather Prediction Service (NWPS) data indicated that several locations across the State accumulated precipitation totaling more than 5 inches (snow water equivalent), while some areas remained dry or received only traces of moisture. The heavier accumulations were noted in western and central counties. Survey reports from Valley County indicated limited snow cover at this point of the season. According to the U.S. Drought Monitor published for January 28, roughly 4 percent of the State was drought free, compared with 6 percent on December 31. Other drought categorizations included abnormally dry (D0) at 43 percent; moderate drought (D1) at 29 percent; severe drought (D2) at 19 percent; and extreme drought (D3) at 5 percent. NEBRASKA: For the week ending February 2, 2025, topsoil moisture supplies rated 27% very short, 51% short, 22% adequate, and 0% surplus. Subsoil moisture supplies rated 30% very short, 47% short, 23% adequate, and 0% surplus. Winter wheat condition rated 9% very poor, 25% poor, 41% fair, 25% good, and 0% excellent. NEVADA: For the week ending February 2, 2025. Days suitable for fieldwork 7.0. Topsoil moisture 10% very short, 65% short, 20% adequate, and 5% surplus. Subsoil moisture 5% very short, 65% short, and 30% adequate. Pasture and range condition 5% very poor, 50% poor, 40% fair, and 5% good. January is usually a month of significant precipitation for the State, however there was little to zero precipitation during the month. Temperatures remained normal. NEW ENGLAND: Average temperatures in January were colder than normal throughout all New England with periods of high winds and temperatures below zero. Precipitation for the month was about average with almost all in the form of snow. Areas that received some snow cover believe it will help prevent winter kill. Connecticut experienced temperature swings, freezing mud, and high winds. In Maine, temperatures were cooler than the last few winters with less snow than normal, while northern Maine ended the month with roughly 6 inches of snow cover. Livestock producers noted difficulty sourcing feeder calves. Massachusetts cranberry vines were under winter floods to help protect the plants from desiccation once the soil has frozen. During the month of January substantial amounts of snowfall were received and, as a result, icy conditions created on bogs permitting badge sanding. Cranberry berries are formed on fruiting uprights and sanding increases the opportunity for more fruiting uprights. In New Hampshire, orchardists with cold storage were marketing local apples and some with farm stands were making apple cider. Some winter farms offered carrots, potatoes, watermelon radishes, parsnips, and rutabagas. To date, Vermont has had very little freezing and thawing with adequate snow cover. Good moisture levels from the fall are keeping water supplies up and the snow cover should help with providing a good start to the maple sugaring season. Farm activities in January included finishing record keeping for the 2024 growing season, attending meetings, repairing equipment and buildings, pruning apple trees and blueberry bushes, and planning for the 2025 growing season. NEW JERSEY: In January, New Jersey was still recovering from drought conditions that have persisted since August. January saw below average precipitation of both rain and snow, and much of the State remained in moderate to severe drought conditions. The northern areas of the State fared better, being reduced to D1 drought, but the southern areas remained in D2 and D3 drought conditions. Prolonged freezing temperatures along the bay have caused losses of farmed mollusks. Vegetable growers began seeding greenhouses starting in the middle of the month. NEW MEXICO: This report is for the month of January 2025. Topsoil moisture 59% very short, 29% short, 12% adequate. Subsoil moisture 53% very short, 31% short, 16% adequate. Pecans harvested 87%, 75% 2024. Winter wheat condition 24% poor, 46% fair, 29% good, 1% excellent. Cows calved 6%, 3% 2024. Cattle receiving supplemental feed 78%, 88% 2024. Cattle condition 1% very poor, 17% poor, 39% fair, 24% good, 19% excellent. Ewes lambed 18%, 2% 2024. Sheep receiving supplemental feed 81%, 63% 2024. Sheep and lambs condition 1% very poor, 10% poor, 42% fair, 46% good, 1% excellent. Hay and roughage supplies 7% very short, 14% short, 79% adequate. Stock water supplies 19% very short, 35% short, 46% adequate. January brought scattered moisture and below average temperatures to much of the State. Pecan harvest was ahead of last year. In Union County, many wheat fields continued to show grazing pressure due to limited moisture supplies and precipitation. Cattle were still grazing corn stalks. In Roosevelt County, bitter cold and rough winter conditions were noted. Dona Ana County reports noted supplemental feeding needs were higher than normal for cattle during January, with producers purchasing additional feed. Producers were also transporting water to livestock. Most cattle and sheep were receiving supplemental feed. According to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) data, isolated moisture was received in some areas across the State during January, with maximum totals limited to 1.5 inches or less. Northern counties received the most precipitation. Data from the High Plains Regional Climate Center (HPRCC) indicated that average temperatures ranged from about 0 degrees to 10 degrees below normal during January. According to the U.S. Drought Monitor for January 28, the State remains free from exceptional drought (D4) conditions. Extreme drought (D3) conditions were estimated at roughly 5 percent, severe drought (D2) conditions were at 15 percent, moderate drought (D1) conditions were 15 percent, and abnormally dry (D0) conditions covered about 30 percent of the State. Drought-free conditions calculated to about 35 percent. NEW YORK: January was characterized with very cold and dry temperatures and varying snow conditions in some places, receiving as much as 6 inches. Other areas experienced some freezing temperatures and high winds. Producers were hopeful that conditions would remain consistent to benefit honeybees and perennial fruit crops. Vineyard crews on Long Island pruned when weather was cooperative and set fruiting wire. NORTH CAROLINA: For the month of January - Subsoil moisture 2% very short, 20% short, 76% adequate and 2% surplus. Topsoil moisture 3% very short, 22% short, 70% adequate and 5% surplus. Barley condition 74% fair, 26% good. Hay and roughage supplies 10% short, 88% adequate and 2% surplus. Oats condition 68% fair and 32% good. Pasture and range condition 2% very poor, 7% poor, 50% fair, 40% good and 1% excellent. Winter wheat condition 2% poor, 42% fair, 47% good and 9% excellent. Throughout January, snowfall and recent rains have helped soil moisture conditions. NORTH DAKOTA: For the week ending February 2, 2025, topsoil moisture supplies rated 10% very short, 36% short, 51% adequate, 3% surplus. Subsoil moisture supplies rated 11% very short, 34% short, 52% adequate, 3% surplus. Winter wheat condition rated 3% very poor, 10% poor, 41% fair, 45% good, 1% excellent. Cattle and calf conditions, 1% very poor, 2% poor, 19% fair, 73% good, 5% excellent. Cattle and calf death loss, 0% heavy, 57% average, 43% light. Calving progress, 3% complete. Sheep and lamb conditions, 1% very poor, 2% poor, 20% fair, 73% good, 4% excellent. Sheep and lamb death loss, 0% heavy, 56% average, 44% light. Lambing progress, 6% complete. Shearing progress, 12% complete. Hay and roughage supplies, 7% very short, 10% short, 78% adequate, 5% surplus. Stock water supplies, 9% very short, 23% short, 66% adequate, 2% surplus. OHIO: Topsoil moisture for the month was 1% very short, 8% short, 71% adequate, 20% surplus. Subsoil moisture for the month was 2% very short, 23% short, 63% adequate, 12% surplus. Winter wheat condition was rated 2% very poor, 4% poor, 39% fair, 52% good, 3% excellent. The statewide average temperature was 22.1 degrees, 4.5 degrees below normal. Precipitation averaged 1.63 inches statewide, 0.90 inch below normal for January. Below-average temperatures and precipitation did little to hinder the replenishment of soil moisture levels. Winter wheat condition ratings were stable. Other activities for the month included equipment maintenance, grain hauling, and tax season preparations. OKLAHOMA: For the month of January, rainfall totals averaged 1.23 inches throughout the State. According to the January 28 US Drought Monitor Report, 26 percent of the State was in the abnormally dry to exceptional drought category, up 4 points from the previous year. Additionally, 5 percent of the State was in the moderate drought to exceptional drought category, down 2 points from the previous year. Statewide temperatures averaged in the 30's, with the lowest recording of -17 degrees at Beaver on Tuesday, January 21 and the highest recording of 75 degrees at Tipton on Friday, January 17. Topsoil and subsoil moisture conditions were rated mostly adequate to short. OREGON: Temperatures ranged from average to below average across most of the State. Marion and Yamhill Counties experienced a relatively dry month with colder than average temperatures. What started as a wet month in Clackamas, Multnomah, Washington, and Columbia Counties ended January with little moisture. Ornamental tree harvest conditions were favorable and finished ahead of years past. Grass seed and winter grain crops remained in positive condition despite the low levels of precipitation. Benton and Lincoln Counties reported dry conditions with cold temperatures. Sunny days lent way to nighttime frost. Clatsop and Tillamook Counties welcomed a few days of precipitation but remained unseasonably dry for most of the month. Temperatures remained relatively low. Field activities consisted of manure and lime applications. Gilliam, Hood River, Sherman, and Wasco Counties avoided weather extremes and freezes until the latter part of the month. Signs of green pastures were a welcomed trend following a 2024 summer with significant fire damage. Crops remained relatively dormant due to the relatively dry month of January. Calving began without much trouble due to the mild temperatures. Umatilla County also remained dry and cold, with mostly clear skies. Freezing nighttime temperatures helped snowpack at high elevations. Snowpack was also ample in Malheur County. Calves were born, and irrigation systems were readied for the growing season. Lake County received significant snowfall as the month ended, although most of the month was dry, like much of the State. Calves were dropping in Wheeler County as pastures began to turn green after significant fire damage in 2024. PENNSYLVANIA: For the month of January, the State experienced windy and cold days at the beginning of the month. There were snowfalls during the first and second weeks of January. There were freezing temperatures in the third week, with some temperatures falling below freezing and into the negatives. By the end of the month, temperatures were back up in the 30s and 40s. The milder winter days allowed for manure spreading and the colder freezing temperatures killed any winter-kill cover crops. The snowfall and rain helped bring some areas out of drought conditions. Small grains were looking good this month. SOUTH CAROLINA: January temperatures were 3.3 to 7.0 degrees cooler than historic averages depending on location. Total rainfall during the month ranged from 0.4 inch in Horry County to 4.8 inches in Darlington County. Most of the State received snow during the month, with Horry County having the most at 6.0 inches. According to the U.S. Drought Monitor, 56 percent of the State had abnormally dry conditions and 28 percent had moderate drought conditions by month's end, compared to 58 percent abnormally dry and 17 percent with moderate drought at the month's beginning. The State experienced unseasonably cold temperatures and snow during the month. Some damage was noted in the Lowcountry due to the snow and ice. These weather conditions also slowed the growth of small grains and winter grazing. Livestock were noted to be in good condition; however, producers were having to feed more hay. Producers began preparing fields by applying lime and pre-plant fertilizers. SOUTH DAKOTA: For the week ending February 2, 2025, topsoil moisture supplies rated 34% very short, 49% short, 17% adequate, 0% surplus. Subsoil moisture supplies rated 33% very short, 48% short, 19% adequate, 0% surplus. Winter wheat condition rated 13% very poor, 15% poor, 47% fair, 25% good, and 0% excellent. TENNESSEE: For the week ending February 2, Days suitable 3.4. Topsoil moisture 4% very short, 11% short, 59% adequate, 26% surplus. Subsoil moisture is 3% very short, 18% short, 62% adequate, 17% surplus. Winter wheat condition 2% very poor, 7% poor, 34% fair, 43% good, 14% excellent. Pasture and Range condition 10% very poor, 17% poor, 35% fair, 34% good, 4% excellent. Cattle condition 1% very poor, 7% poor, 33% fair, 53% good, and 6% excellent. Hay and roughage supplies are 7% very short, 23% short, 61% adequate, 9% surplus. Tennessee experienced variable weather throughout the month of January. Early in the month, Tennessee received some snow and ice and experienced below average temperatures. Reports suggest that extreme cold conditions have damaged wheat crops in some areas and caused stress on livestock. By late January, temperatures returned to average and rainfall was received in some areas. Pasture conditions are muddy following multiple freeze-thaw cycles in addition to recent precipitation. Even so, many counties in the eastern portion of the State remain under D3 extreme drought to D0 abnormally dry conditions as of January 30. Many producers face concerns over quality of wheat crop following the flooding or drought conditions during planting, and extreme cold over winter. TEXAS: For the month of January, precipitation ranged from trace amounts to upwards of 10 inches, with the Blacklands, the Upper Coast, and Northeast Texas districts receiving the most rain. While cotton harvest concluded, winter wheat and oats needed additional moisture to continue progressing. In the Southern Low Plains, Cross Timbers, Edwards Plateau, and Trans-Pecos districts, producers were harvesting pecans. In the Lower Valey, producers were harvesting cool season vegetables. Range and pasture conditions were rated poor to fair. Supplemental feeding of livestock continued across the State. UTAH: This report for Utah is for the entire month of January 2025. Topsoil moisture 7% very short, 29% short, 54% adequate, 10% surplus. Subsoil moisture 11% very short, 36% short, 43% adequate, 10% surplus. Pasture and range condition 3% very poor, 8% poor, 40% fair, 40% good, 9% excellent. Winter wheat condition 2% very poor, 19% poor, 35% fair, 39% good, 5% excellent. Hay and roughage supplies 1% very short, 5% short, 82% adequate, 12% surplus. Stock water supplies 3% very short, 5% short, 82% adequate, 10% surplus. Cattle and calves condition 2% very poor, 9% poor, 22% fair, 60% good, 7% excellent. Sheep and lambs condition 2% very poor, 9% poor, 23% fair, 62% good, 4% excellent. Livestock receiving supplemental feed for cattle 72%. Livestock receiving supplemental feed for sheep 46%. Cows calved 2%. Ewes lambed-farm flock 3%. Ewes lambed-range flock 2%. As of February 2, 2025, snowpack in Utah was 80 percent measured as percent of median snowfall. Daggett, Duchesne, and Uintah Counties reported above normal temperatures along with limited precipitation. Grand County noted freezing temperatures for first half of January with warmer temperatures and limited precipitation for the past two weeks. Washington County reported very dry conditions with not enough moisture for fall small grains emergence. VIRGINIA: For week ending February 2, 2025, Topsoil moisture 1% very short, 6% short, 86% adequate, 7% surplus. Subsoil moisture 1% very short, 20% short, 78% adequate, 1% surplus. Winter wheat condition 40% fair, 56% good, 4% excellent. Barley condition 40% fair, 56% good, and 4% excellent. Livestock condition 1% poor, 26% fair, 65% good, 8% excellent. Pasture and Range condition 11% very poor, 12% poor, 40% fair, 36% good, and 1% excellent. Hay and roughage supplies 4% very short, 25% short, 67% adequate, 4% surplus. Percent of feed obtained from pastures 6%. During the month of January, moisture was adequate but below normal. Cold temperatures possibly stalled small grain growth. The month ended with mild temperatures. Primary activities for the month include attending production meetings and spring preparations. WASHINGTON: The Statewide temperatures for January were mostly below normal to normal for this time of year, with an area in central Washington having above normal temperatures. Producers in the western region reported freezing temperatures helping raspberry and blueberry plants progress into dormancy. In the central part of the State, little activity was reported in the crop production areas. The northeastern region experienced an extended cold spell. The lack of snow cover on crops was a concern due to potential winter kill. Calving started in some areas of the region. The east-central region reported limited snowfall and warmer than average temperatures. Winter wheat remained in good condition across the region. The southeastern region had average looking crops and did not receive much precipitation. WEST VIRGINIA: For the week ending February 2, Topsoil moisture 6% very short, 36% short, 56% adequate, and 2% surplus. Subsoil moisture 12% very short, 32% short, 53% adequate, and 3% surplus. Hay and roughage supplies 19% very short, 41% short, 39% adequate, and 1% surplus. Feed grain supplies 5% very short, 43% short, and 52% adequate. Winter wheat condition 20% poor and 80% fair. Cattle and calves condition 1% very poor, 9% poor, 27% fair, 62% good, and 1% excellent. Sheep and lambs condition 1% very poor, 6% poor, 14% fair, 78% good, and 1% excellent. Weather conditions for the month have been mostly very cold with periods of rain and snow. Farming activities for the month included making farm maintenance repairs and monitoring livestock due to the freezing temperatures. WISCONSIN: January temperatures in Wisconsin averaged 14.1 degrees, 0.7 degree above normal. The State averaged 0.26 inch of precipitation throughout the month, 0.96 inch below normal. Dry conditions throughout the State were common. Temperatures fluctuated throughout the month. There were concerns about lack of snow cover impacting overwintering crops like winter wheat and alfalfa. Some cranberry producers were performing maintenance on their bogs. There were scattered reports of late corn for grain harvesting when conditions allowed. Other activities included manure hauling. WYOMING: This report for Wyoming is for the entire month of January 2025. Cows calved 1 percent. Ewes lambed 1 percent. Topsoil moisture 45% very short, 36% short, 19% adequate. Subsoil moisture 60% very short, 36% short, 4% adequate. Winter wheat condition 13% very poor, 24% poor, 62% fair, 1 percent good. Hay and roughage supplies 6% short, 89% adequate, 5% surplus. Livestock condition 10% poor, 33% fair, 57% good. Stock water supplies 3% very short, 41% short, 56% adequate. Pasture and range condition 46% very poor, 16% poor, 25% fair, 13% good. Wyoming received some relief from the ongoing drought conditions during the month of January. Rainfall was scattered and total accumulations varied widely across the State, ranging from a trace to 5 inches across most of the State during the month of January, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Some areas received no measurable rainfall. Temperatures ran below normal across the State, ranging from 10 degrees below average to near normal during the month, according to the High Plains Regional Climate Center (HPRCC) climate maps for the month of January. Drought conditions improved in Wyoming during January according to the United States Drought Monitor report published for January 28, 2025. The amount of land rated drought free was 1 percent, up from the report published December 31, 2024. The amount of land rated abnormally dry covered 16 percent of Wyoming compared to 7 percent December 31. Moderate drought was found in 24 percent of Wyoming, compared to 21 percent on December 31. Severe drought improved to 37 percent, compared to 46 percent on December 31. Extreme conditions improved to 22 percent, compared to 26 percent on December 31. Reports from Weston County indicated isolated snowfall in the northeast corner of the County, while the wildlife has been feeding on livestock feed grounds and coming in for water. Goshen County reporters noted having not received any significant amount of moisture during the month of January. Reports from Lincoln County indicated favorable winter conditions with below medium levels of snowpack and tolerable temperatures with few days well below zero, and adequate hay roughage. Statistical Methodology Survey Procedures: Crop progress and condition estimates included in this report are based on survey data collected in December, January, February, and March. The non-probability crop progress and condition surveys include input from approximately 4,000 respondents whose occupations provide them opportunities to make visual observations and frequently bring them in contact with farmers in their counties. Based on standard definitions, these respondents subjectively estimate the progress of crops through various stages of development, as well as the progress of producer activities. They also provide subjective evaluations of crop and soil moisture conditions. Any weather data mentioned in this report is provided by outside sources such as the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and Agricultural Weather Information Service (AWIS). Information Contacts Listed below are the commodity statisticians in the Crops Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to nass@usda.gov. Patrick Boyle, Chief, Crops Branch................................................... (202) 720-2127 Chris Hawthorn, Head, Field Crops Section............................................ (202) 720-2127 Irwin Anolik - Crop Progress and Condition, Flaxseed, Mustardseed............... (202) 720-7621 Joshua Bates - Hemp, Oats, Soybeans............................................. (202) 690-3234 Natasha Bruton - Barley, Cotton System Consumption and Stocks, Grain Crushings.. (202) 690-1042 David Colwell - Fats and Oils, Flour Milling Products........................... (202) 720-8800 Michelle Harder - Hay, Peanuts.................................................. (202) 690-8533 James Johanson - Rye, Wheat..................................................... (202) 720-8068 Greg Lemmons - Corn, Proso Millet, Rice......................................... (202) 720-9526 Becky Sommer - Cotton, Cotton Ginnings, Sorghum................................. (202) 720-5944 Travis Thorson - Canola, Rapeseed, Safflower, Sunflower......................... (202) 720-7369 Access to NASS Reports For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways: All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: www.nass.usda.gov. Both national and state specific reports are available via a free e- mail subscription. To set-up this free subscription, visit www.nass.usda.gov and click on "National" or "State" in upper right corner above "search" box to create an account and select the reports you would like to receive. Cornell's Mann Library has launched a new website housing NASS's and other agency's archived reports. The new website, https://usda.library.cornell.edu. All email subscriptions containing reports will be sent from the new website, https://usda.library.cornell.edu. To continue receiving the reports via e-mail, you will have to go to the new website, create a new account and re-subscribe to the reports. If you need instructions to set up an account or subscribe, they are located at: https://usda.library.cornell.edu/help. You should whitelist notifications@usda-esmis.library.cornell.edu in your email client to avoid the emails going into spam/junk folders. For more information on NASS surveys and reports, call the NASS Agricultural Statistics Hotline at (800) 727-9540, 7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET, or e-mail: nass@usda.gov. 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