Cost of Pollination ISSN: 2475-4315 Released December 13, 2024, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Cost per Colony to Pollinate Almonds down 4 Percent from 2023 In Regions 6 & 7, the average cost per colony for almonds decreased 4 percent from 188 dollars per colony in 2023 to 181 dollars per colony in 2024. The average price per acre decreased from 310 dollars per acre to 305 dollars per acre during that period. The total value of pollination for almonds decreased 3 percent. Almonds were the highest valued crop in that region. The total value of all pollination in Regions 6 & 7 for 2024 was 353 million dollars, down 1 percent from 2023. Cranberries had the highest total value of pollination of crops reported in Region 1 in 2024. The price per colony for cranberries increased 7 percent to 88.8 dollars per colony in 2024. The price per acre decreased 6 percent to 188 dollars per acre. The total value of pollination for cranberries in Region 1 for 2024 was 5.59 million dollars. The total value for pollination of all crops in Region 1 for 2024 was 18.5 million dollars, down 7 percent from 2023. Blueberries had the highest total value of pollination of crops reported in Region 2 in 2024. The price per colony for blueberries increased 2 percent to 68.0 dollars per colony in 2024. The price per acre increased 4 percent to 144 dollars per acre. The total value of pollination for blueberries in Region 2 for 2024 was 3.60 million dollars. The total value of pollination of all crops in Region 2 for 2024 was 6.34 million dollars, down 6 percent from 2023. Watermelons had the highest total value of pollination of crops reported in Region 3 in 2024. The price per colony for watermelons increased 22 percent to 69.6 dollars per colony in 2024. The price per acre increased 5 percent to 85.5 dollars per acre. The total value of pollination for watermelons in Region 3 for 2024 was 1.95 million dollars. The total value of pollination of all crops in Region 3 for 2024 was 4.10 million dollars, down 27 percent from 2023. Apples had the highest total value of pollination of crops reported in Region 4 in 2024. The price per colony for apples decreased 20 percent to 59.6 dollars per colony in 2024. The price per acre decreased 15 percent to 54.7 dollars per acre. The total value of pollination for apples in Region 4 for 2024 was 167 thousand dollars. The total value of pollination of all crops in Region 4 for 2024 was 711 thousand dollars, down 44 percent from 2023. Apples had the highest total value of pollination of crops reported in Region 5 in 2024. The price per colony for apples decreased 2 percent to 58.1 dollars per colony in 2024. The price per acre decreased 17 percent to 56.7 dollars per acre. The total value of pollination for apples in Region 5 for 2024 was 6.28 million dollars. The total value of pollination of all crops in Region 5 for 2024 was 18.3 million dollars, down 26 percent from 2023. Contents Paid Pollinated Acres, Price per Acre, Colonies Used, Price per Colony, and Total Value of Pollination - Region 1: 2023............................................................................................................ 3 Paid Pollinated Acres, Price per Acre, Colonies Used, Price per Colony, and Total Value of Pollination - Region 1: 2024............................................................................................................ 3 Paid Pollinated Acres, Price per Acre, Colonies Used, Price per Colony, and Total Value of Pollination - Region 2: 2023............................................................................................................ 4 Paid Pollinated Acres, Price per Acre, Colonies Used, Price per Colony, and Total Value of Pollination - Region 2: 2024............................................................................................................ 4 Paid Pollinated Acres, Price per Acre, Colonies Used, Price per Colony, and Total Value of Pollination - Region 3: 2023............................................................................................................ 5 Paid Pollinated Acres, Price per Acre, Colonies Used, Price per Colony, and Total Value of Pollination - Region 3: 2024............................................................................................................ 5 Paid Pollinated Acres, Price per Acre, Colonies Used, Price per Colony, and Total Value of Pollination - Region 4: 2023............................................................................................................ 6 Paid Pollinated Acres, Price per Acre, Colonies Used, Price per Colony, and Total Value of Pollination - Region 4: 2024............................................................................................................ 6 Paid Pollinated Acres, Price per Acre, Colonies Used, Price per Colony, and Total Value of Pollination - Region 5: 2023............................................................................................................ 7 Paid Pollinated Acres, Price per Acre, Colonies Used, Price per Colony, and Total Value of Pollination - Region 5: 2024............................................................................................................ 7 Paid Pollinated Acres, Price per Acre, Colonies Used, Price per Colony, and Total Value of Pollination - Region 6 & 7: 2023........................................................................................................ 8 Paid Pollinated Acres, Price per Acre, Colonies Used, Price per Colony, and Total Value of Pollination - Region 6 & 7: 2024........................................................................................................ 8 Statistical Methodology............................................................................................ 9 Regional Listing................................................................................................... 10 Terms and Definitions of Cost of Pollination Estimates............................................................. 10 Information Contacts............................................................................................... 11 Paid Pollinated Acres, Price per Acre, Colonies Used, Price per Colony, and Total Value of Pollination - Region 1: 2023 [See regional listing on page 10] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Region 1 :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Crop : Paid : Price per : Colonies : Price per : Total value :pollinated acres: acre : used : colony 2/ : of pollination ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : acres dollars colonies dollars 1,000 dollars : Tree fruit : Apple ...............: 76,400 38.5 44,000 81.0 3,564 Cherry ..............: 29,400 27.0 12,500 66.7 834 : Melons : Watermelon ..........: 1,950 74.6 2,400 69.9 168 : Berries : Blueberry ...........: 40,800 142.0 81,000 76.8 6,221 Cranberry ...........: 32,100 200.0 78,000 82.8 6,458 : Vegetables : Cucumber ............: 8,100 41.3 4,600 79.6 366 Pumpkin .............: 8,700 36.5 6,000 77.2 463 Squash ..............: 4,800 52.3 4,400 83.9 369 : All other 1/ ....... : 5,600 46.8 17,500 77.8 1,362 : Total .............. : 207,850 83.0 250,400 79.1 19,805 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Includes crops not categorized above. 2/ Regional total price per colony is total value of pollination divided by colonies used. Paid Pollinated Acres, Price per Acre, Colonies Used, Price per Colony, and Total Value of Pollination - Region 1: 2024 [See regional listing on page 10] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Region 1 :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Crop : Paid : Price per : Colonies : Price per : Total value :pollinated acres: acre : used : colony 2/ : of pollination ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : acres dollars colonies dollars 1,000 dollars : Tree fruit : Apple ...............: 70,600 37.7 40,000 83.9 3,356 Cherry ..............: 25,000 36.5 15,000 66.8 1,002 : Melons : Watermelon ..........: 2,950 73.7 2,600 100.0 260 : Berries : Blueberry ...........: 29,500 174.0 67,000 81.5 5,461 Cranberry ...........: 26,300 188.0 63,000 88.8 5,594 : Vegetables : Cucumber ............: 11,800 32.6 6,000 68.3 410 Pumpkin .............: 7,800 50.4 11,000 93.0 1,023 Squash ..............: 4,750 46.0 3,800 79.1 301 : All other 1/ ....... : 5,100 47.6 16,000 68.6 1,098 : Total .............. : 183,800 82.3 224,400 82.5 18,505 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Includes crops not categorized above. 2/ Regional total price per colony is total value of pollination divided by colonies used. Paid Pollinated Acres, Price per Acre, Colonies Used, Price per Colony, and Total Value of Pollination - Region 2: 2023 [See regional listing on page 10] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Region 2 :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Crop : Paid : Price per : Colonies : Price per : Total value :pollinated acres: acre : used : colony 2/ : of pollination ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : acres dollars colonies dollars 1,000 dollars : Tree fruit : Apple ...............: 11,800 26.3 5,000 69.3 347 : Melons : Cantaloupe ..........: 2,600 74.4 3,800 57.5 219 Watermelon ..........: 18,000 88.8 25,000 66.1 1,653 : Berries : Blueberry ...........: 21,100 139.0 49,000 66.4 3,254 : Vegetables : Pumpkin .............: 1,160 36.9 1,000 74.6 75 Squash ..............: 2,750 73.1 4,100 60.3 247 : All other 1/ ....... : 13,400 54.4 14,500 65.9 956 : Total .............. : 70,810 84.8 102,400 65.9 6,751 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Includes crops not categorized above. 2/ Regional total price per colony is total value of pollination divided by colonies used. Paid Pollinated Acres, Price per Acre, Colonies Used, Price per Colony, and Total Value of Pollination - Region 2: 2024 [See regional listing on page 10] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Region 2 :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Crop : Paid : Price per : Colonies : Price per : Total value :pollinated acres: acre : used : colony 2/ : of pollination ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : acres dollars colonies dollars 1,000 dollars : Tree fruit : Apple ...............: 11,000 18.7 4,200 60.3 253 : Melons : Cantaloupe ..........: 510 59.7 3,000 79.1 237 Watermelon ..........: 18,200 81.0 20,000 74.6 1,492 : Berries : Blueberry ...........: 21,000 144.0 53,000 68.0 3,604 : Vegetables : Pumpkin .............: 2,500 58.4 2,900 58.9 171 Squash ..............: 2,600 69.1 2,200 98.3 216 : All other 1/ ....... : 5,500 44.2 6,500 57.1 371 : Total .............. : 61,310 86.6 91,800 69.1 6,344 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Includes crops not categorized above. 2/ Regional total price per colony is total value of pollination divided by colonies used. Paid Pollinated Acres, Price per Acre, Colonies Used, Price per Colony, and Total Value of Pollination - Region 3: 2023 [See regional listing on page 10] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Region 3 :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Crop : Paid : Price per : Colonies : Price per : Total value :pollinated acres: acre : used : colony 2/ : of pollination ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : acres dollars colonies dollars 1,000 dollars : Melons : Watermelon ..........: 22,100 81.5 35,000 57.0 1,995 : Berries : Blueberry ...........: 2,350 230.0 18,000 59.3 1,067 : All other 1/ ....... : 26,700 58.7 37,000 68.3 2,527 : Total .............. : 51,150 76.5 90,000 62.1 5,589 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Includes crops not categorized above. 2/ Regional total price per colony is total value of pollination divided by colonies used. Paid Pollinated Acres, Price per Acre, Colonies Used, Price per Colony, and Total Value of Pollination - Region 3: 2024 [See regional listing on page 10] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Region 3 :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Crop : Paid : Price per : Colonies : Price per : Total value :pollinated acres: acre : used : colony 2/ : of pollination ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : acres dollars colonies dollars 1,000 dollars : Melons : Watermelon ..........: 22,100 85.5 28,000 69.6 1,949 : Berries : Blueberry ...........: 2,000 194.0 7,000 77.5 543 : All other 1/ ....... : 22,600 37.3 33,000 48.7 1,607 : Total .............. : 46,700 66.8 68,000 60.3 4,099 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Includes crops not categorized above. 2/ Regional total price per colony is total value of pollination divided by colonies used. Paid Pollinated Acres, Price per Acre, Colonies Used, Price per Colony, and Total Value of Pollination - Region 4: 2023 [See regional listing on page 10] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Region 4 :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Crop : Paid : Price per : Colonies : Price per : Total value :pollinated acres: acre : used : colony 2/ : of pollination ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : acres dollars colonies dollars 1,000 dollars : Tree fruit : Apple ...............: 1,150 64.4 1,900 74.2 141 Cherry ..............: 1,040 41.6 2,600 43.3 113 : All other 1/ ....... : 1,160 62.4 19,000 53.9 1,024 : Total .............. : 3,350 56.7 23,500 54.4 1,278 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Includes crops not categorized above. 2/ Regional total price per colony is total value of pollination divided by colonies used. Paid Pollinated Acres, Price per Acre, Colonies Used, Price per Colony, and Total Value of Pollination - Region 4: 2024 [See regional listing on page 10] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Region 4 :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Crop : Paid : Price per : Colonies : Price per : Total value :pollinated acres: acre : used : colony 2/ : of pollination ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : acres dollars colonies dollars 1,000 dollars : Tree fruit : Apple ...............: 1,300 54.7 2,800 59.6 167 Cherry ..............: 1,650 39.8 2,400 39.0 94 : All other 1/ ....... : 1,900 52.3 5,500 81.8 450 : Total .............. : 4,850 48.5 10,700 66.5 711 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Includes crops not categorized above. 2/ Regional total price per colony is total value of pollination divided by colonies used. Paid Pollinated Acres, Price per Acre, Colonies Used, Price per Colony, and Total Value of Pollination - Region 5: 2023 [See regional listing on page 10] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Region 5 :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Crop : Paid : Price per : Colonies : Price per : Total value :pollinated acres: acre : used : colony 2/ : of pollination ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : acres dollars colonies dollars 1,000 dollars : Tree fruit : Apple ...............: 139,500 68.0 164,000 59.5 9,758 Cherry ..............: 36,100 104.0 62,000 61.2 3,794 Pear ................: 23,800 56.7 23,000 59.1 1,359 : Berries : Blueberry ...........: 23,500 150.0 64,000 56.5 3,616 Cranberry ...........: 6,000 121.0 9,000 81.9 737 Raspberry ...........: 2,600 72.6 4,700 40.7 191 : All other 1/ ....... : 53,900 84.5 73,000 71.3 5,205 : Total .............. : 285,400 82.6 399,700 61.7 24,660 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Includes crops not categorized above. 2/ Regional total price per colony is total value of pollination divided by colonies used. Paid Pollinated Acres, Price per Acre, Colonies Used, Price per Colony, and Total Value of Pollination - Region 5: 2024 [See regional listing on page 10] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Region 5 :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Crop : Paid : Price per : Colonies : Price per : Total value :pollinated acres: acre : used : colony 2/ : of pollination ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : acres dollars colonies dollars 1,000 dollars : Tree fruit : Apple ...............: 109,400 56.7 108,000 58.1 6,275 Cherry ..............: 35,000 90.7 54,000 59.1 3,191 Pear ................: 26,200 61.0 27,000 61.1 1,650 : Berries : Blueberry ...........: 13,100 161.0 49,000 44.9 2,200 Cranberry ...........: 4,250 117.0 6,500 74.3 483 Raspberry ...........: 5,500 78.4 12,000 36.5 438 : All other 1/ ....... : 47,100 64.4 114,000 35.9 4,093 : Total .............. : 240,550 70.9 370,500 49.5 18,330 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Includes crops not categorized above. 2/ Regional total price per colony is total value of pollination divided by colonies used. Paid Pollinated Acres, Price per Acre, Colonies Used, Price per Colony, and Total Value of Pollination - Region 6 & 7: 2023 [See regional listing on page 10] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Region 6 & 7 :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Crop : Paid : Price per : Colonies : Price per : Total value :pollinated acres: acre : used : colony 2/ : of pollination ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : acres dollars colonies dollars 1,000 dollars : Tree nuts : Almond ..............: 1,075,400 310.0 1,780,000 188.0 334,640 : Tree fruit : Apples ..............: 3,350 84.9 6,500 56.2 365 Cherry ..............: 26,500 124.0 44,000 77.9 3,428 : Melons ............. : Cantaloupe ..........: 36,100 62.4 28,000 81.6 2,285 Watermelon ..........: 8,900 150.0 9,500 142.0 1,349 : Other Crops ........ : Alfalfa .............: 11,200 139.0 19,500 92.0 1,794 Sunflower ...........: 18,300 88.1 27,000 60.5 1,634 : All other 1/ ....... : 64,100 101.0 165,000 66.3 10,940 : Total .............. : 1,243,850 281.3 2,079,500 171.4 356,435 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Includes crops not categorized above. 2/ Regional total price per colony is total value of pollination divided by colonies used. Paid Pollinated Acres, Price per Acre, Colonies Used, Price per Colony, and Total Value of Pollination - Region 6 & 7: 2024 [See regional listing on page 10] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Region 6 & 7 :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Crop : Paid : Price per : Colonies : Price per : Total value :pollinated acres: acre : used : colony 2/ : of pollination ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : acres dollars colonies dollars 1,000 dollars : Tree nuts : Almond ..............: 1,055,700 305.0 1,800,000 181.0 325,800 : Tree fruit : Apples ..............: 1,700 86.5 3,500 54.0 189 Cherry ..............: 29,400 168.0 48,000 103.0 4,944 : Melons ............. : Cantaloupe .........: 17,600 63.2 14,500 76.5 1,109 Watermelon .........: 9,600 110.0 18,000 60.0 1,080 : Other Crops ........ : Sunflower ..........: 11,100 56.5 15,500 40.3 625 : All other 1/ ....... : 65,800 215.0 133,000 143.0 19,019 : Total .............. : 1,190,900 289.3 2,032,500 173.6 352,766 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Includes crops not categorized above. 2/ Regional total price per colony is total value of pollination divided by colonies used. Statistical Methodology Survey Procedures: The Cost of Pollination survey, conducted annually in all 50 states, collects information on acreage pollinated, colonies used, and dollars spent for a variety of different crops. The target population for Cost of Pollination estimate program is all farms and ranches with at least one acre of a crop determined to be potentially pollinated by honey bees. There were 33 specific crops targeted in the Cost of Pollination sampling scheme, 19 of these crops were listed individually on the questionnaire. Additional crops were allowed to be reported under the "All Other Crops" category (see "Sampled Crops"). Any other reported commodity not included in these lists were grouped as miscellaneous and summarized together. The Cost of Pollination samples were selected using a Multivariate Probability Proportional to Size (MPPS) sampling scheme. Each record was assigned a measure of size based on the record's data for multiple specified commodities. The 2024 sample size was 15,046 and the 2023 sample size was 15,548. All sampled operations were mailed a questionnaire and given adequate time to respond by mail or electronic data reporting (EDR). Those that did not respond by mail or EDR were telephoned or enumerated in person. Sampled Crops: The 19 sampled crops listed on the questionnaire were: alfalfa, almonds, apples, blueberries, cantaloupes, cherries, clover, cranberries, cucumber, nectarines, oranges, peaches, pears, pumpkins, raspberries, squash, strawberries, sunflowers, and watermelons. The 14 remaining crops that were sampled, but not listed individually on the questionnaire were: apricots, avocados, boysenberries, buckwheat, canola, grapes, honeydew melons, kiwifruit, plums, prunes, macadamia nuts, mangos, tomatoes, and turnips. Estimation Procedures: Estimates were prepared by the Agricultural Statistics Board after reviewing recommendations and analysis submitted by each Regional Field Office. All data were analyzed for unusual values. Data from each operation were compared to their own past operating profile and to trends from similar operations. Data for missing operations were covered by weighting positive data of similar operations based on location and strata. National and State survey data were reviewed for reasonableness with each other, estimates from the previous year, and other USDA, NASS reports. In order to be published individually, a crop must have an appropriate threshold of paid pollinated acres in a region and meet USDA, NASS's confidentiality policy. If a crop did not meet either of these requirements, it was combined with all other unpublished crops under the "All Other" heading. Due to the differences in regions and years, the aggregate and other published estimates may include different crops. Revision Policy: The previous year's estimates are subject to revision when current year's estimates are made. Revisions are the result of late reports or corrected data. Reliability: Estimates were created by reviewing rounded indications from the survey and the associated measures of error. Due to the sampled population differing from other USDA, NASS surveys, estimates on this report may differ from other published numbers. Since all operations with crops were not included in the sample, survey estimates are subject to sampling variability. The measurement of error due to sampling in the current period is evaluated by the coefficient of variation for each estimated item. For individually published crops, coefficients of variation can be found using USDA, NASS's Quick Stats searchable database. Survey results were also subject to non-sampling errors such as omissions, duplication, and mistakes in reporting, recording, and processing the data. While these errors cannot be measured directly, they were minimized through strict quality controls in the data collection process and a careful review of all reported data for consistency and reasonableness. Estimation Regions To improve the reliability and increase the number of estimates which can be published, estimates are published at regional level, based on the regions used for the 2012 Census of Agriculture. Regions 6 and 7 were combined. The states in each region are as follows: Region 1: Connecticut, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Massachusetts, Maine, Michigan, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Wisconsin. Region 2: Alabama, Delaware, Georgia, Kentucky, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia. Region 3: Arkansas, Florida, Louisiana, Missouri, Mississippi, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas. Region 4: Colorado, Minnesota, Montana, Nevada, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, Wyoming. Region 5: Alaska, Idaho, Oregon, Washington. Region 6 & 7: Arizona, California, Hawaii. Terms and Definitions of Cost of Pollination Estimates Paid Pollinated Acres: Acreage that an operation paid money to be pollinated by honey bees. Dollars per Acre: The average price paid by operations to pollinate an acre of crop. Acres pollinated for free or on a nonmonetary basis were not included in this calculation. Colonies Used: The total colonies used to pollinate a crop; regardless of ownership or if on a paid basis. Dollars per Colony: The average price paid by operations to use a colony for pollination. Colonies owned by the operation or used on a nonmonetary basis were not included. Total Value of Pollination: The total valuation of all pollination, calculated by multiplying the price per colony by colonies used. Information Contacts Listed below are the commodity specialists in the Livestock Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. E- mail inquiries may be sent to nass@usda.gov Travis Averill, Chief, Livestock Branch ..................................................................................................... (202) 692-0069 Ryan Cowen, Acting Head, Poultry and Specialty Commodities Section ...................................................... (202) 720-3040 Holly Brenize - Poultry Slaughter......................................................................................................... (202) 720-0585 Liana Cuffman - Catfish and Trout, Mink, Census of Aquaculture ........................................................................... (202) 720-8784 Fatema Haque - Turkey Hatchery, Turkeys Raised ........................................................................................... (202) 720-3244 Derron Martin - Chicken Hatchery, Egg Products............................................................................................ (202) 690-3237 Seth Riggins - Honey, Honey Bee Colonies ................................................................................................. (202) 690-4870 Shulonda Shaw - Cold Storage, Capacity of Refrigerated Warehouses ........................................................................ (202) 720-3240 Autumn Stone - Layers, Eggs .............................................................................................................. (202) 690-3676 Takiyah Walker - Broiler Hatchery......................................................................................................... (202) 720-6147 Access to NASS Reports For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways: All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: www.nass.usda.gov. Both national and state specific reports are available via a free e- mail subscription. 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