Agricultural Prices ISSN: 1937-4216 Released June 27, 2025, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). May Prices Received Index Up 1.7 Percent The May Prices Received Index 2011 Base (Agricultural Production), at 140.1, increased 1.7 percent from April and 13 percent from May 2024. At 103.1, the Crop Production Index was up 2.3 percent from last month but down 0.9 percent from the previous year. The Livestock Production Index, at 170.5, increased 1.4 percent from April and 20 percent from May last year. Producers received higher prices during May for cattle, hogs, oranges, and milk but lower prices for market eggs, lettuce, strawberries, and broilers. In addition to prices, the volume change of commodities marketed also influences the indexes. In May, there was increased monthly movement for cattle, hay, broilers, and sweet corn and decreased marketing of soybeans, calves, hogs, and apples. May Prices Paid Index Up 0.4 Percent The May Prices Paid Index for Commodities and Services, Interest, Taxes, and Farm Wage Rates (PPITW), at 149.2, is up 0.4 percent from April 2025 and 6.4 percent from May 2024. Higher prices in May for feeder cattle, other services, hay & forages, and nitrogen more than offset lower prices for feeder pigs, LP gas, self-propelled machinery, and complete feeds. Prices Received, Prices Paid, and Ratio of Prices Received to Prices Paid Indexes 2011 Base - United States: May 2025 with Comparisons ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : May : April : May Index Group : 2024 : 2025 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : percent percent percent : : Prices received by farmers ...............: 123.8 137.7 140.1 : Prices paid by farmers ...................: 140.2 148.6 149.2 : Ratio of prices received to prices paid ..: 89 93 94 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Contents Prices Received by Farmers...................................................................... ............................................................................. ....................................... 4 Prices Received Indexes, 2011 Base - United States: May 2025 with Comparisons............................................................. .......................................................................... 5 Prices Received Indexes, 1910-1914 Base - United States: May 2025 with Comparisons............................................................. ..................................................................... 5 Prices Received Indexes, 2011 Base by Month for Selected Groups - United States: 2024 and 2025................................................................ ...................................................... 5 Prices Paid Indexes, 2011 Base by Month for Selected Groups - United States: 2024 and 2025................................................................ .......................................................... 6 Prices Received for Field Crops and Fruits - United States: May 2025 with Comparisons............................................................. .................................................................. 7 Prices Received for Vegetables and Livestock - United States: May 2025 with Comparisons............................................................. ................................................................ 8 Prices Received for All Wheat, Corn, and Soybeans by Month - United States: 2025 with Comparisons............................................................. ...................................................... 9 Prices Received for Beef Cattle and All Hogs by Month - United States: 2025 with Comparisons............................................................. ........................................................... 9 Prices Received for All Wheat - States and United States: May 2025 with Comparisons............................................................. .................................................................... 10 Prices Received for Winter Wheat - States and United States: May 2025 with Comparisons............................................................. ................................................................. 10 Prices Received for Durum Wheat - States and United States: May 2025 with Comparisons............................................................. .................................................................. 11 Prices Received for Spring Wheat - States and United States: May 2025 with Comparisons............................................................. ................................................................. 11 Prices Received for Oats - States and United States: May 2025 with Comparisons............................................................. ......................................................................... 11 Prices Received for All Barley - States and United States: May 2025 with Comparisons............................................................. ................................................................... 12 Prices Received for Malting Barley - States and United States: May 2025 with Comparisons............................................................. ............................................................... 12 Prices Received for Feed Barley - States and United States: May 2025 with Comparisons............................................................. .................................................................. 12 Prices Received for Corn - States and United States: May 2025 with Comparisons............................................................. ......................................................................... 13 Prices Received for Sorghum Grain - States and United States: May 2025 with Comparisons............................................................. ................................................................ 13 Prices Received for Soybeans - States and United States: May 2025 with Comparisons............................................................. ..................................................................... 14 Prices Received for Dry Edible Beans - States and United States: May 2025 with Comparisons............................................................. ............................................................. 14 Prices Received for Dry Edible Peas - States and United States: May 2025 with Comparisons............................................................. .............................................................. 15 Prices Received for Lentils - States and United States: May 2025 with Comparisons............................................................. ...................................................................... 15 Prices Received for All Chickpeas - States and United States: May 2025 with Comparisons............................................................. ................................................................ 15 Prices Received for Canola - States and United States: May 2025 with Comparisons............................................................. ....................................................................... 16 Prices Received for Flaxseed - States and United States: May 2025 with Comparisons............................................................. ..................................................................... 16 Prices Received for Peanuts (in shell) - States and United States: May 2025 with Comparisons............................................................. ........................................................... 16 Prices Received for Sunflower - States and United States: May 2025 with Comparisons............................................................. .................................................................... 16 Prices Received for Upland Cotton and Cottonseed - States and United States: May 2025 with Comparisons............................................................. ................................................. 17 Prices Received and Marketings for Upland Cotton and Rice - United States: May 2025 with Comparisons 17 Prices Received for Hay by Type - States and United States: May 2025 with Comparisons............................................................. .................................................................. 18 Prices Received for Premium and Supreme Alfalfa Hay - States and 5-State Total: May 2025..................................................................... ....................................................... 18 Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization - States and United States: May 2024..................................................................... .......................................................... 19 Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization - States and United States: April 2025................................................................... .......................................................... 19 Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization - States and United States: May 2025..................................................................... .......................................................... 19 Prices Received for All Milk - States and United States: May 2025 with Comparisons............................................................. ..................................................................... 20 Prices Received for Milk Cows - States and United States: April 2025 with Comparisons............................................................. .................................................................. 20 Parity Price Overview..................................................................... ............................................................................. ............................................. 21 Commodity Parity Prices and Price as Percent of Parity Price - United States: May 2025 with Comparisons 22 Commodity Parity Prices - United States: May 2025 with Comparisons............................................................. ............................................................................. ........ 23 Market Year for Specified Commodities.................................................................. ............................................................................. ................................ 25 ............................................................................. ............................................................................. .......................................................... Prices Received and Farm Marketings for All Barley by Month - United States: Marketing Years 2022-2023 through 2024-2025............................................................ ............................................................................. ....................................................... 26 Prices Received and Farm Marketings for Malting Barley by Month - United States: Marketing Years 2022-2023 through 2024-2025............................................................ ............................................................................. ............................................. 26 Prices Received and Farm Marketings for Feed Barley by Month - United States: Marketing Years 2022-2023 through 2024-2025............................................................ ............................................................................. ....................................................... 27 Prices Received and Farm Marketings for Oats by Month - United States: Marketing Years 2022-2023 through 2024-2025............................................................ ............................................................................. ....................................................... 27 ............................................................................. ............................................................................. .......................................................... Prices Received and Farm Marketings for All Wheat by Month - United States: Marketing Years 2022-2023 through 2024-2025............................................................ ............................................................................. ....................................................... 28 Prices Received for Winter Wheat by Month, Marketing Year Average - United States: 2022-2023 through 2024-2025............................................................ ............................................................................. ....................................................... 28 Prices Received for Durum Wheat by Month, Marketing Year Average - United States: 2022-2023 through 2024-2025............................................................ ............................................................................. ....................................................... 29 Prices Received for Other Spring Wheat by Month, Marketing Year Average - United States: 2022-2023 through 2024-2025............................................................ ............................................................................. ....................................................... 29 ............................................................................. ............................................................................. .......................................................... Prices Received for Hard Red Winter Wheat by Month, Marketing Year Average - United States: 2022-2023 through 2024-2025............................................................ ............................................................................. ....................................................... 30 ............................................................................. ............................................................................. .......................................................... Prices Received for Soft Red Winter Wheat by Month, Marketing Year Average - United States: 2022-2023 through 2024-2025............................................................ ............................................................................. ....................................................... 30 ............................................................................. ............................................................................. .......................................................... Prices Received for Hard Red Spring Wheat by Month, Marketing Year Average - United States: 2022-2023 through 2024-2025............................................................ ............................................................................. ....................................................... 31 Prices Received for White Wheat by Month, Marketing Year Average - United States: 2022-2023 through 2024-2025............................................................ ............................................................................. ....................................................... 31 Reliability of Prices Received Estimates.................................................................... ............................................................................. ........................... 32 Prices Paid by Farmers...................................................................... ............................................................................. ........................................... 33 Prices Paid Indexes and Related Parity Ratios - United States: May 2025 with Comparisons............................................................. ............................................................... 34 Prices Paid Indexes and Annual Weights for Input Components and Sub-components - United States: May 2025 with Comparisons............................................................. ............................................................................. .............................................. 35 Feed Price Ratios - United States: May 2025 with Comparisons............................................................. ............................................................................. .............. 36 Prices Received Used to Calculate Feed Price Ratios - United States: May 2025 with Comparisons............................................................. ......................................................... 36 Prices Paid for Feeder Livestock - United States: May 2025 with Comparisons............................................................. ............................................................................ 36 Reliability of Prices Paid Estimates.................................................................... ............................................................................. ............................... 37 Information Contacts..................................................................... ............................................................................. .............................................. 38 May Prices Received by Farmers Crop production: The May index, at 103.1, is 2.3 percent higher than April but 0.9 percent lower than May 2024. The grain & oilseed, fruit & tree nut, and other crop index increases more than offset the vegetable & melon index decrease. Grain and oilseed: The May index, at 80.7, is up 0.4 percent from April but down 4.4 percent from May 2024. Oilseed and feed grain index increases more than offset the food grain index decrease. Feed grain: The May index, at 77.5, increased 0.4 percent from last month and 2.6 percent from a year ago. The corn price, at $4.64 per bushel, is up 2 cents from last month and 13 cents from May 2024. Food grain: At 84.0, the index for May decreased 2.7 percent from the previous month and 16 percent from a year ago. The May price for all wheat, at $5.58 per bushel, is 3 cents lower than April and 61 cents lower than May 2024. The May price for rice, at $13.60 per cwt, is 60 cents lower than April and $3.80 lower than May 2024. Oilseed: At 84.5, the index for May increased 2.3 percent from April but decreased 12 percent from May 2024. The soybean price, at $10.40 per bushel, is 20 cents higher than April but $1.50 lower than May a year earlier. Fruit and tree nut: The May index, at 148.3, is up 3.9 percent from April and 25 percent from a year earlier. Price increases during May for oranges and lemons more than offset price decreases for strawberries, pears, grapefruit, and apples. Vegetable and melon: At 123.7, the index for May is down 7.8 percent from the previous month and 24 percent from May 2024. Price declines during May for lettuce, potatoes, carrots, and cucumbers more than offset price increases for celery, onions, broccoli, and tomatoes. Other crop: The May index, at 100.4, is up 4.6 percent from the previous month but down 9.5 percent from May 2024. The all hay price, at $176.00 per ton, is $10.00 higher than April but $11.00 lower than May 2024. At 63.5 cents per pound, the price for upland cotton is unchanged from April but 21.2 cents lower than May 2024. Livestock production: The index for May, at 170.5, increased 1.4 percent from the previous month and 20 percent from May a year earlier. Meat animal and dairy index increases more than offset the poultry & egg index decrease. Meat animal: At 173.9, the May index increased 5.2 percent from the previous month and 18 percent from a year earlier. At $68.40 per cwt, the May hog price is $2.90 higher than April and 50 cents higher than a year earlier. The May beef cattle price of $219.00 per cwt is $11.00 higher than the previous month and $33.00 higher than May 2024. Dairy: The index for May, at 106.0, is up 1.4 percent from the previous month but down 3.2 percent from May a year ago. The May all milk price of $21.30 per cwt is 30 cents higher than April but 70 cents lower than May 2024. Poultry and egg: At 217.6, the May index decreased 3.7 percent from April but increased 36 percent from May 2024. The May market egg price, at $3.45 per dozen, is 30.0 cents lower than April but $1.90 higher than May 2024. The May broiler price, at 78.9 cents per pound, is 0.2 cent lower than April but 2.4 cents higher than a year ago. At 78.6 cents per pound, the May turkey price is 5.2 cents higher than the previous month and 20.1 cents higher than May 2024. Food Commodities: The index, at 153.7, increased 2.1 percent from the previous month and 14 percent from May 2024. Prices Received Indexes, 2011 Base - United States: May 2025 with Comparisons [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] -------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2011 Base :----------------------------------- : May : April : May Index Group : 2024 : 2025 : 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : Agricultural production ........: 123.8 137.7 140.1 Crop production ..............: 104.0 100.8 103.1 Grain and oilseed ..........: 84.4 80.4 80.7 Feed grain ...............: 75.5 77.2 77.5 Food grain ...............: 99.5 86.3 84.0 Oilseed ..................: 95.7 82.6 84.5 Fruit and tree nut .........: 118.8 142.8 148.3 Vegetable and melon ........: 162.8 134.2 123.7 Other crop .................: 110.9 96.0 100.4 : Livestock production .........: 142.7 168.1 170.5 Meat animal ................: 147.8 165.3 173.9 Cattle ...................: 165.6 188.4 196.0 Hog ......................: 102.1 98.5 102.9 Dairy ......................: 109.5 104.5 106.0 Poultry and egg ............: 160.3 226.0 217.6 : Food commodity .................: 135.3 150.6 153.7 -------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received Indexes, 1910-1914 Base - United States: May 2025 with Comparisons [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] -------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1910 - 1914 Base :----------------------------------- : May : April : May Index Group : 2024 : 2025 : 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : Agricultural production ........: 1278 1421 1446 Crop production ..............: 906 879 898 Livestock production .........: 1658 1954 1982 -------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received Indexes, 2011 Base by Month for Selected Groups - United States: 2024 and 2025 [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2011 Base :--------------------------------------------------------------- Month : Agricultural : Crop : Livestock : Food : production : production : production : commodities :--------------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -- percent -- -- percent -- -- percent -- -- percent -- : January .......: 111.8 129.8 98.1 89.1 136.0 189.0 125.2 151.4 February ......: 120.3 147.4 101.3 96.9 140.8 193.8 133.3 167.0 March .........: 122.1 142.9 100.2 96.1 144.1 182.7 135.2 159.5 April .........: 122.5 137.7 101.9 100.8 142.2 168.1 133.8 150.6 May ...........: 123.8 140.1 104.0 103.1 142.7 170.5 135.3 153.7 June ..........: 126.8 107.4 147.4 139.9 July ..........: 123.4 100.3 152.4 136.7 August ........: 128.4 100.6 158.4 144.4 September .....: 121.1 99.4 146.6 134.3 October .......: 112.8 89.8 155.2 126.4 November ......: 120.6 95.0 159.1 142.7 December ......: 127.1 93.4 172.5 148.7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Paid Indexes, 2011 Base by Month for Selected Groups - United States: 2024 and 2025 [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2011 Base :--------------------------------------------------------------- Month : All items : : Crop : Livestock : (PPITW) : Production : sector : sector :--------------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -- percent -- -- percent -- -- percent -- -- percent -- : January .......: 139.2 146.9 135.2 144.1 137.0 142.5 141.6 151.4 February ......: 139.9 147.3 136.0 144.6 137.2 142.8 142.8 152.1 March .........: 140.7 147.8 136.9 145.1 137.6 143.0 143.9 152.7 April .........: 140.3 148.6 136.6 146.3 137.5 143.0 143.3 154.3 May ...........: 140.2 149.2 136.5 147.1 137.3 143.2 143.4 155.5 June ..........: 139.9 136.1 137.1 143.0 July ..........: 139.7 135.8 137.1 142.5 August ........: 138.3 134.0 136.6 140.1 September .....: 138.0 133.5 136.5 139.6 October .......: 139.7 135.6 137.0 142.7 November ......: 140.2 136.3 136.9 143.8 December ......: 141.5 138.0 137.6 145.7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received for Field Crops and Fruits - United States: May 2025 with Comparisons ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 2011 : : : Commodity : Base Price : May 2024 : April 2025 : May 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Field crops : Barley, all ...............dollars/bushel: 4.79 7.38 5.81 6.04 Feed .....................dollars/bushel: 4.59 4.67 3.51 4.07 Malting ..................dollars/bushel: 4.83 7.85 6.26 6.29 Beans, dry edible ............dollars/cwt: 34.60 49.50 34.00 32.00 Canola .......................dollars/cwt: 23.10 25.10 20.70 23.60 Chickpeas, all ...............dollars/cwt: 35.70 35.10 31.00 27.20 Large .......................dollars/cwt: 39.20 36.50 33.30 (D) Small .......................dollars/cwt: 23.40 31.50 26.80 (D) Corn ......................dollars/bushel: 6.02 4.51 4.62 4.64 : Cotton, Upland .............dollars/pound: 0.880 0.847 0.635 0.635 Cottonseed ...................dollars/ton: 131.00 (NA) (NA) (NA) Flaxseed ..................dollars/bushel: 14.20 12.20 13.40 13.10 Hay, all, baled ..............dollars/ton: 159.00 187.00 166.00 176.00 Alfalfa .....................dollars/ton: 176.00 202.00 180.00 191.00 Other .......................dollars/ton: 119.00 154.00 138.00 144.00 Lentils ......................dollars/cwt: 27.50 47.40 36.10 35.30 Oats ......................dollars/bushel: 3.42 4.36 3.52 3.71 Peanuts, in-shell ..........dollars/pound: 0.252 0.267 0.256 0.259 : Peas, dry edible .............dollars/cwt: 13.60 14.90 13.40 13.50 Rice, all ....................dollars/cwt: 13.70 17.40 14.20 13.60 Long ........................dollars/cwt: 12.30 16.20 13.70 13.10 Medium and short ............dollars/cwt: 18.40 20.10 16.10 16.50 Sorghum grain ................dollars/cwt: 10.70 8.34 7.60 7.54 Soybeans ..................dollars/bushel: 12.50 11.90 10.20 10.40 Sunflowers, all ..............dollars/cwt: 29.00 23.00 26.90 28.70 : Wheat, all ................dollars/bushel: 7.44 6.19 5.61 5.58 Winter ...................dollars/bushel: 6.93 5.96 5.38 5.41 Durum ....................dollars/bushel: 9.22 8.03 6.76 7.13 Other spring .............dollars/bushel: 8.33 6.60 5.69 5.70 Hard red winter ..........dollars/bushel: 7.07 6.04 5.17 5.27 Soft red winter ..........dollars/bushel: 6.77 5.86 5.67 5.28 Hard red spring ..........dollars/bushel: 8.38 6.66 5.70 5.71 White ....................dollars/bushel: 6.58 5.74 5.67 5.70 : Fruits : Citrus, equivalent on-tree : Grapefruit ..................dollars/box: 7.47 14.73 12.60 11.53 Lemons ......................dollars/box: 12.30 16.38 12.95 13.53 Oranges .....................dollars/box: 8.16 11.68 13.95 16.17 : Non-citrus, fresh 1/ : Apples ...................dollars/pound: 0.325 0.666 0.734 0.731 Grapes .....................dollars/ton: 598.00 (S) (S) (S) Peaches ....................dollars/ton: 507.00 (S) (S) (S) Pears ......................dollars/ton: 559.00 1,550.00 1,740.00 1,550.00 Strawberries ................dollars/cwt: 104.00 135.00 186.00 166.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1/ Beginning February 2020, price reflects FOB shipping point basis. Prices Received for Vegetables and Livestock - United States: May 2025 with Comparisons [Price data source for potato, livestock, and poultry commodities is United States Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Marketing Service] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 2011 : : : Commodity : Base Price : May 2024 : April 2025 : May 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Vegetables, fresh 1/ : Asparagus ....................dollars/cwt: 37.50 222.00 250.00 222.00 Beans, snap ..................dollars/cwt: 69.00 54.20 89.90 40.20 Broccoli .....................dollars/cwt: 41.60 98.60 57.00 65.80 Cantaloupes ..................dollars/cwt: 16.50 32.40 (S) 23.60 Carrots ......................dollars/cwt: 30.80 59.30 70.50 70.40 Cauliflower ..................dollars/cwt: 47.00 95.20 60.90 66.80 Celery .......................dollars/cwt: 22.50 96.50 46.60 70.50 Corn, sweet ..................dollars/cwt: 30.70 31.70 29.30 31.30 Cucumbers ....................dollars/cwt: 18.70 30.80 33.10 27.80 Lettuce, head ................dollars/cwt: 24.30 43.70 29.30 18.70 Onions 2/ ....................dollars/cwt: 11.90 51.60 24.70 29.10 Potatoes .....................dollars/cwt: 14.30 10.20 10.70 10.10 Tomatoes .....................dollars/cwt: 51.20 67.10 48.80 59.00 : Livestock : Calves .......................dollars/cwt: 142.00 323.00 394.00 405.00 Cattle, all beef .............dollars/cwt: 115.00 186.00 208.00 219.00 Cows 3/ .....................dollars/cwt: 71.60 132.00 142.00 147.00 Steers and heifers ..........dollars/cwt: 117.00 188.00 211.00 221.00 Milk cows 4/ ................dollars/head: 1,420.00 (NA) 2,870.00 (NA) Hogs, all ....................dollars/cwt: 66.50 67.90 65.50 68.40 Barrows and gilts ...........dollars/cwt: 66.80 69.00 65.70 68.80 Sows ........................dollars/cwt: 57.90 49.20 62.40 62.20 : Dairy and poultry : Milk, all 5/ .................dollars/cwt: 20.10 22.00 21.00 21.30 Fat test ........................percent: 4.24 4.17 4.32 4.24 Broilers, live 6/ ..........dollars/pound: 0.459 0.765 0.791 0.789 Eggs, all ..................dollars/dozen: 0.969 1.73 3.59 3.33 Market 7/ .................dollars/dozen: 0.796 1.53 3.75 3.45 Turkeys, live 8/ ...........dollars/pound: 0.680 0.585 0.734 0.786 : Adjusted for seasonal variation : Eggs, all ..................dollars/dozen: 0.979 2.22 4.06 4.31 Seasonal factor .................percent: 101 78 89 77 Milk, all ....................dollars/cwt: 20.20 22.40 21.50 21.70 Seasonal factor .................percent: 100 98 98 98 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1/ Beginning February 2020, price reflects FOB shipping point basis 2/ Includes some processing. 3/ Beef cows and cull dairy cows sold for slaughter. 4/ Animals sold for dairy herd replacement only. Prices available for January, April, July, and October. 5/ Before deductions for hauling. Includes quality, quantity, and other premiums. Excludes hauling subsidies. 6/ Live weight equivalent price. 7/ Also referred to as table eggs. 8/ Live weight equivalent price is used when actual live weight price is not available. Beginning January 2011, price reflects FOB shipping point basis. Prior year price reflects delivered basis. Prices Received for All Wheat, Corn, and Soybeans by Month - United States: 2025 with Comparisons [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : All wheat : Corn : Soybeans Month :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : dollars per bushel : January ....: 8.81 6.77 5.52 6.63 4.74 4.29 14.50 12.80 10.00 February ...: 8.54 6.34 5.59 6.80 4.36 4.58 15.10 11.90 10.20 March ......: 8.35 6.01 5.71 6.67 4.36 4.57 14.90 11.80 10.20 April ......: 8.31 5.90 5.61 6.70 4.39 4.62 14.90 11.80 10.20 May ........: 8.07 6.19 5.58 6.54 4.51 4.64 14.40 11.90 10.40 June .......: 7.67 5.86 6.49 4.48 14.20 11.80 July .......: 7.61 5.52 6.22 4.23 14.70 11.30 August .....: 7.34 5.23 5.73 3.84 14.10 10.30 September ..: 7.06 5.37 5.21 3.98 13.20 10.20 October ....: 6.96 5.47 4.93 3.99 12.70 9.91 November ...: 6.52 5.45 4.66 4.07 13.00 9.84 December ...: 6.79 5.49 4.80 4.23 13.10 9.79 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Prices Received for Beef Cattle and All Hogs by Month - United States: 2025 with Comparisons [Price data source for livestock commodities is United States Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Marketing Service. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Beef cattle 1/ : All hogs 2/ Month :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per cwt : January ..: 156.00 172.00 199.00 58.50 53.00 61.10 February .: 158.00 178.00 203.00 59.60 58.20 66.00 March ....: 164.00 185.00 202.00 61.70 62.80 67.00 April ....: 171.00 185.00 208.00 57.00 66.90 65.50 May ......: 173.00 186.00 219.00 58.80 67.90 68.40 June .....: 181.00 189.00 64.60 68.80 July .....: 181.00 193.00 74.30 68.40 August ...: 182.00 190.00 73.70 67.80 September : 181.00 183.00 64.90 64.30 October ..: 182.00 187.00 60.40 63.90 November .: 180.00 188.00 57.50 65.40 December .: 172.00 190.00 53.30 62.30 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Cows and steers & heifers. 2/ Barrows & gilts and sows. Prices Received for All Wheat - States and United States: May 2025 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : May 2024 : April 2025 : May 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Arizona ............: (D) (D) (D) Arkansas ...........: (D) (S) (S) California .........: (S) (D) (D) Colorado ...........: 5.79 5.02 4.61 Idaho ..............: 6.59 5.67 5.82 Illinois ...........: 5.97 5.71 5.53 Indiana ............: 6.03 5.32 4.66 Kansas .............: 6.14 5.10 4.93 Michigan ...........: 6.18 5.70 5.91 Minnesota ..........: 6.70 5.62 5.57 : Missouri ...........: 6.18 5.56 5.31 Montana ............: 6.45 5.73 5.78 Nebraska ...........: 5.73 5.08 4.94 North Carolina .....: 5.28 5.85 6.19 North Dakota .......: 6.70 5.84 5.63 Ohio ...............: 5.79 5.69 4.96 Oklahoma ...........: 6.32 5.42 5.40 Oregon .............: (D) (D) (D) Pennsylvania 1/ ....: (NA) 6.11 5.42 South Dakota .......: 6.24 5.60 5.26 : Texas ..............: 5.74 5.57 6.45 Washington .........: 5.57 5.28 5.37 : United States ......: 6.19 5.61 5.58 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1/ Monthly estimate began in July 2024. Prices Received for Winter Wheat - States and United States: May 2025 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : May 2024 : April 2025 : May 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Arkansas ...........: (D) (S) (S) California .........: (S) (D) (D) Colorado ...........: 5.79 5.02 4.61 Idaho ..............: 6.54 5.65 5.72 Illinois ...........: 5.97 5.71 5.53 Indiana ............: 6.03 5.32 4.66 Kansas .............: 6.14 5.10 4.93 Michigan ...........: 6.18 5.70 5.91 Missouri ...........: 6.18 5.56 5.31 Montana ............: 6.16 5.23 5.30 : Nebraska ...........: 5.73 5.08 4.94 North Carolina .....: 5.28 5.85 6.19 North Dakota .......: 6.24 4.60 5.82 Ohio ...............: 5.79 5.69 4.96 Oklahoma ...........: 6.32 5.42 5.40 Oregon .............: (D) (D) (D) Pennsylvania 1/ ....: (NA) 6.11 5.42 South Dakota .......: 5.95 4.76 4.48 Texas ..............: 5.74 5.57 6.45 Washington .........: 5.55 5.27 5.33 : United States ......: 5.96 5.38 5.41 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1/ Monthly estimate began in July 2024. Prices Received for Durum Wheat - States and United States: May 2025 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : May 2024 : April 2025 : May 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Arizona ............: (D) (D) (D) California .........: (S) (S) (S) Idaho 1/ ...........: (S) (NA) (NA) Montana ............: (D) (D) (D) North Dakota .......: 7.86 6.86 6.88 : United States ......: 8.03 6.76 7.13 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1/ Monthly estimate discontinued in July 2024. Prices Received for Spring Wheat - States and United States: May 2025 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : May 2024 : April 2025 : May 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Idaho ..............: 6.73 5.73 6.08 Minnesota ..........: 6.70 5.62 5.57 Montana ............: 6.69 6.19 6.02 North Dakota .......: 6.64 5.59 5.40 South Dakota .......: 6.47 5.85 5.74 Washington .........: 5.76 5.38 5.60 : United States ......: 6.60 5.69 5.70 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received for Oats - States and United States: May 2025 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : May 2024 : April 2025 : May 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Illinois ...........: (D) (S) (D) Iowa ...............: 5.16 4.31 3.62 Michigan ...........: 5.92 (D) (D) Minnesota ..........: 3.53 3.15 3.25 Montana ............: (S) (S) (S) Nebraska ...........: 3.64 4.05 (D) New York ...........: (D) (S) (D) North Dakota .......: 4.32 3.64 4.14 Oregon 1/ ..........: (S) (NA) (NA) Pennsylvania .......: (D) 5.57 (D) South Dakota .......: 3.82 3.01 3.46 Texas ..............: 7.29 (S) (S) Wisconsin ..........: 4.33 3.76 3.16 : United States ......: 4.36 3.52 3.71 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1/ Monthly estimate discontinued in July 2024. Prices Received for All Barley - States and United States: May 2025 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : May 2024 : April 2025 : May 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : California 1/ ......: (S) (NA) (NA) Colorado ...........: 7.81 6.32 6.56 Idaho ..............: 7.97 6.24 6.18 Minnesota ..........: (D) (D) (D) Montana ............: 5.54 (D) 5.53 North Dakota .......: 6.96 (D) 5.51 Washington .........: (D) 3.57 (D) Wyoming ............: (S) (D) (S) : United States ......: 7.38 5.81 6.04 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1/ Monthly estimate discontinued in July 2024. Prices Received for Malting Barley - States and United States: May 2025 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : May 2024 : April 2025 : May 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : California 1/ ......: (S) (NA) (NA) Colorado ...........: 7.81 6.60 6.65 Idaho ..............: 8.12 6.39 6.26 Minnesota ..........: (D) (S) (S) Montana ............: (D) (D) 6.13 North Dakota .......: 7.73 (D) 5.98 Washington .........: (D) (S) (D) Wyoming ............: (S) (D) (S) : United States ......: 7.85 6.26 6.29 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1/ Monthly estimate discontinued in July 2024. Prices Received for Feed Barley - States and United States: May 2025 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : May 2024 : April 2025 : May 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : California 1/ ......: (S) (NA) (NA) Colorado ...........: (S) (D) (D) Idaho ..............: 4.74 (D) 4.21 Minnesota ..........: (D) (D) (D) Montana ............: 3.84 (D) 4.19 North Dakota .......: 4.87 (D) (D) Washington .........: (D) 3.57 (D) Wyoming ............: (S) (S) (S) : United States ......: 4.67 3.51 4.07 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1/ Monthly estimate discontinued in July 2024. Prices Received for Corn - States and United States: May 2025 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : May 2024 : April 2025 : May 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Colorado ...........: 4.93 4.93 4.96 Illinois ...........: 4.38 4.61 4.62 Indiana ............: 4.60 4.76 4.79 Iowa ...............: 4.63 4.64 4.64 Kansas .............: 4.63 4.61 4.56 Kentucky ...........: 4.59 4.85 4.90 Michigan ...........: 4.40 4.55 4.61 Minnesota ..........: 4.36 4.48 4.44 Missouri ...........: 4.61 4.63 4.67 Nebraska ...........: 4.62 4.66 4.67 : North Carolina .....: 5.23 5.75 5.55 North Dakota .......: 4.11 4.26 4.21 Ohio ...............: 4.43 4.80 4.87 Pennsylvania .......: 4.22 4.95 4.96 South Dakota .......: 4.33 4.38 4.36 Tennessee ..........: 4.59 5.07 5.23 Texas ..............: 4.89 5.66 5.48 Wisconsin ..........: 4.25 4.55 4.55 : United States ......: 4.51 4.62 4.64 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received for Sorghum Grain - States and United States: May 2025 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : May 2024 : April 2025 : May 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per cwt : Kansas .............: 7.91 7.03 7.48 Nebraska ...........: 7.45 7.71 7.23 Oklahoma ...........: (D) 8.12 (D) Texas ..............: (D) 8.03 (D) : United States ......: 8.34 7.60 7.54 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Prices Received for Soybeans - States and United States: May 2025 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : May 2024 : April 2025 : May 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Arkansas ...........: 11.80 10.20 10.00 Illinois ...........: 12.10 10.30 10.90 Indiana ............: 12.20 10.40 10.90 Iowa ...............: 11.90 10.10 10.30 Kansas .............: 11.50 9.84 10.30 Kentucky ...........: 12.20 10.60 (D) Louisiana ..........: (D) 10.60 (D) Michigan ...........: 12.60 10.70 10.80 Minnesota ..........: 11.50 9.81 10.00 Mississippi ........: 12.00 10.20 (D) : Missouri ...........: 12.00 10.30 10.60 Nebraska ...........: 11.60 9.82 10.10 North Carolina .....: 12.10 10.10 (D) North Dakota .......: 11.20 9.54 9.78 Ohio ...............: 12.20 10.50 10.70 South Dakota .......: 11.50 9.83 10.10 Tennessee ..........: 12.10 10.30 10.50 Wisconsin ..........: 11.70 9.87 10.70 : United States ......: 11.90 10.20 10.40 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Prices Received for Dry Edible Beans - States and United States: May 2025 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : May 2024 : April 2025 : May 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per cwt : California 1/ ......: 95.70 (NA) (NA) Colorado ...........: (D) (D) (D) Idaho ..............: (S) (D) (S) Michigan ...........: 52.20 43.40 41.60 Minnesota ..........: 41.70 31.90 (D) Nebraska ...........: (D) (D) (D) North Dakota .......: 41.90 30.80 28.20 Washington 2/ ......: (NA) (D) (D) : United States ......: 49.50 34.00 32.00 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1/ Monthly estimate discontinued in September 2024. 2/ Monthly estimate began in September 2024. Prices Received for Dry Edible Peas - States and United States: May 2025 with Comparisons ------------------------------------------------------------- State : May 2024 : April 2025 : May 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per cwt : Idaho ..........: (D) (D) (D) Montana ........: (D) (D) 12.60 Nebraska .......: (D) (S) (S) North Dakota ...: (D) 13.60 13.80 South Dakota 1/ : (D) (NA) (NA) Washington .....: (D) (D) (D) : United States ..: 14.90 13.40 13.50 ------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1/ Monthly estimate discontinued in July 2024. Prices Received for Lentils - States and United States: May 2025 with Comparisons ------------------------------------------------------------ State : May 2024 : April 2025 : May 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------ : dollars per cwt : Idaho 1/ ......: (D) (NA) (NA) Montana .......: (D) (D) (D) North Dakota ..: (D) 33.40 (D) Washington ....: (D) (D) (D) : United States .: 47.40 36.10 35.30 ------------------------------------------------------------ (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. 1/ Monthly estimate discontinued in July 2024. Prices Received for All Chickpeas - States and United States: May 2025 with Comparisons ------------------------------------------------------------ State : May 2024 : April 2025 : May 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------ : dollars per cwt : California 1/ .: (D) (NA) (NA) Idaho .........: (D) 27.50 (D) Montana .......: (D) (S) (S) North Dakota ..: (D) 26.40 (D) Washington ....: (D) 36.40 (D) : United States .: 35.10 31.00 27.20 ------------------------------------------------------------ (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1/ Monthly estimate discontinued in September 2024. Prices Received for Canola - States and United States: May 2025 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : May 2024 : April 2025 : May 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per cwt : Minnesota ..........: (D) (S) (S) Montana ............: (D) (D) (D) North Dakota .......: 25.50 20.70 23.90 Oklahoma 1/ ........: 20.30 (NA) (NA) Washington 2/ ......: (NA) 20.70 20.30 : United States ......: 25.10 20.70 23.60 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1/ Monthly estimate discontinued in July 2024. 2/ Monthly estimates began in July 2024. Prices Received for Flaxseed - States and United States: May 2025 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : May 2024 : April 2025 : May 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : North Dakota .......: 12.20 13.40 13.10 : United States ......: 12.20 13.40 13.10 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received for Peanuts (in shell) - States and United States: May 2025 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : May 2024 : April 2025 : May 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per pound : Alabama ............: 0.273 0.257 0.250 Arkansas ...........: (S) 0.241 0.241 Florida ............: 0.276 0.263 0.262 Georgia ............: 0.256 0.250 0.248 Mississippi ........: 0.246 0.226 0.246 Missouri 1/ ........: (NA) (S) (S) New Mexico 2/ ......: (S) (NA) (NA) North Carolina .....: 0.273 0.265 0.290 Oklahoma ...........: 0.349 (S) 0.291 South Carolina .....: 0.270 0.260 0.262 Texas ..............: 0.336 0.627 0.379 Virginia ...........: 0.272 0.275 0.277 : United States ......: 0.267 0.256 0.259 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1/ Monthly estimate began in August 2024. 2/ Monthly estimate discontinued in August 2024. Prices Received for Sunflower - States and United States: May 2025 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : May 2024 : April 2025 : May 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per cwt : Kansas .............: (S) (S) (S) Minnesota ..........: (D) (D) (S) North Dakota .......: 28.80 26.30 29.50 South Dakota .......: 16.40 28.20 28.30 : United States ......: 23.00 26.90 28.70 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Upland Cotton and Cottonseed - States and United States: May 2025 with Comparisons [Cottonseed marketing year August - February] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Cotton, Upland : Cottonseed State :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : May : April : May : May : April : May : 2024 : 2025 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 : 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -------- dollars per pound -------- -------- dollars per ton ------- : Alabama ............: 0.847 (D) 0.640 (NA) (NA) (NA) Arizona ............: (D) (S) (S) (NA) (NA) (NA) Arkansas ...........: 0.847 0.630 0.641 (NA) (NA) (NA) California .........: (D) (S) (S) (NA) (NA) (NA) Georgia ............: 0.848 0.649 0.647 (NA) (NA) (NA) Louisiana ..........: 0.833 (D) (D) (NA) (NA) (NA) Mississippi ........: 0.845 0.639 0.645 (NA) (NA) (NA) North Carolina .....: (D) (D) 0.643 (NA) (NA) (NA) Tennessee ..........: 0.823 0.637 0.617 (NA) (NA) (NA) Texas ..............: 0.758 0.623 0.610 (NA) (NA) (NA) : United States ......: 0.847 0.635 0.635 (NA) (NA) (NA) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received and Marketings for Upland Cotton and Rice - United States: May 2025 with Comparisons ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Item : May 2024 : April 2025 : May 2025 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Cotton, Upland : Average price ......dollars/pound: 0.847 0.635 0.635 Marketings 1/ ........1,000 bales: 224 608 293 : Rice, all : Average price ........dollars/cwt: 17.40 14.20 13.60 Marketings 2/ ..........1,000 cwt: 7,611 9,970 10,165 : Rice, long : Average price ........dollars/cwt: 16.20 13.70 13.10 Marketings 2/ ..........1,000 cwt: 5,314 7,971 8,657 : Rice, medium and short : California : Average price ........dollars/cwt: 22.10 16.70 17.00 : Other States 3/ : Average price ........dollars/cwt: 15.30 14.20 13.90 : United States : Average price ........dollars/cwt: 20.10 16.10 16.50 Marketings 2/ ..........1,000 cwt: 2,297 1,999 1,508 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Marketings based on a survey of cotton buyers in the major producing States - Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Texas. 2/ Purchases by private firms and rice (rough equivalent) shipped by cooperatives. 3/ Other States include Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, and Texas. Prices Received for Hay by Type - States and United States: May 2025 with Comparisons ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : All hay : Alfalfa hay : Other hay State :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : May : April : May : May : April : May : May : April : May : 2024 : 2025 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per ton : Arizona ..............: 199.00 215.00 200.00 200.00 215.00 200.00 145.00 185.00 170.00 California ...........: 222.00 237.00 231.00 230.00 245.00 245.00 190.00 200.00 180.00 Colorado .............: 228.00 160.00 159.00 230.00 165.00 160.00 195.00 130.00 140.00 Idaho ................: 160.00 156.00 156.00 160.00 155.00 155.00 165.00 165.00 165.00 Illinois .............: 172.00 158.00 148.00 190.00 170.00 160.00 155.00 115.00 110.00 Iowa .................: 161.00 100.00 107.00 163.00 102.00 113.00 153.00 95.00 96.00 Kansas ...............: 161.00 113.00 113.00 170.00 122.00 120.00 145.00 103.00 101.00 Kentucky .............: 196.00 188.00 184.00 220.00 220.00 220.00 180.00 175.00 170.00 Michigan .............: 155.00 160.00 152.00 175.00 170.00 160.00 135.00 135.00 130.00 Minnesota ............: 149.00 104.00 102.00 155.00 114.00 108.00 123.00 83.00 83.00 : Missouri .............: 145.00 132.00 130.00 175.00 180.00 175.00 135.00 120.00 115.00 Montana ..............: 137.00 124.00 124.00 140.00 125.00 125.00 130.00 120.00 120.00 Nebraska .............: 158.00 97.00 97.00 165.00 103.00 101.00 135.00 87.00 84.00 Nevada ...............: 184.00 163.00 165.00 185.00 165.00 165.00 155.00 150.00 160.00 New Mexico ...........: 234.00 209.00 219.00 240.00 220.00 230.00 200.00 150.00 160.00 New York .............: 171.00 191.00 197.00 225.00 240.00 230.00 164.00 175.00 187.00 North Dakota .........: 108.00 87.00 90.00 110.00 90.00 92.00 80.00 70.00 69.00 Ohio .................: 168.00 185.00 177.00 180.00 205.00 195.00 155.00 165.00 155.00 Oklahoma .............: 111.00 105.00 110.00 190.00 158.00 164.00 96.00 97.00 100.00 Oregon ...............: 219.00 191.00 192.00 220.00 185.00 185.00 215.00 210.00 215.00 : Pennsylvania .........: 174.00 180.00 193.00 235.00 250.00 240.00 163.00 171.00 185.00 South Dakota .........: 136.00 90.00 92.00 140.00 93.00 94.00 120.00 85.00 86.00 Texas ................: 245.00 156.00 181.00 300.00 226.00 230.00 217.00 145.00 156.00 Utah .................: 159.00 164.00 169.00 160.00 165.00 170.00 110.00 100.00 115.00 Washington ...........: 202.00 180.00 176.00 195.00 160.00 165.00 220.00 215.00 200.00 Wisconsin ............: 150.00 116.00 111.00 185.00 122.00 117.00 150.00 97.00 92.00 Wyoming ..............: 151.00 148.00 153.00 155.00 150.00 160.00 135.00 130.00 135.00 : United States ........: 187.00 166.00 176.00 202.00 180.00 191.00 154.00 138.00 144.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received for Premium and Supreme Alfalfa Hay - States and 5-State Total: May 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : May 2024 : April 2025 : May 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per ton : California .........: 280.00 290.00 290.00 Idaho ..............: 200.00 185.00 180.00 Michigan ...........: 210.00 200.00 190.00 Minnesota ..........: 213.00 212.00 190.00 New York ...........: 292.00 340.00 344.00 Pennsylvania .......: 288.00 365.00 373.00 Texas ..............: 342.00 292.00 278.00 Wisconsin ..........: 237.00 200.00 185.00 : 5-State Total 1/ 2/ : 276.00 252.00 277.00 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ 5-State total represents a weighted (hay purchases) average price for the five largest milk producing States (based on the pounds of milk produced during the previous month). 2/ For May 2024, includes California, Idaho, New York, Texas, and Wisconsin. For April 2025, includes California, Idaho, New York, Texas, and Wisconsin. For May 2025, includes California, Idaho, New York, Texas, and Wisconsin. Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization - States and United States: May 2024 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Equivalent returns Commodity, : FOB :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State, : packed : Packinghouse door : On-tree and type : fresh :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : All : Fresh : Process : All : Fresh : Process --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per box : Grapefruit ..........................: (D) 17.94 (D) (D) 14.73 (D) (D) : Lemons ..............................: 45.80 23.18 34.51 (D) 16.38 27.17 (D) : Oranges .............................: 34.70 15.05 23.08 (D) 11.68 19.88 (D) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization - States and United States: April 2025 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Equivalent returns Commodity, : FOB :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State, : packed : Packinghouse door : On-tree and type : fresh :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : All : Fresh : Process : All : Fresh : Process --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per box : Grapefruit ..........................: 30.30 15.85 21.57 (D) 12.60 18.87 (D) : Lemons ..............................: 41.90 19.95 29.70 (D) 12.95 22.21 (D) : Oranges .............................: 33.80 18.20 21.53 17.45 13.95 18.11 13.02 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization - States and United States: May 2025 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Equivalent returns Commodity, : FOB :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State, : packed : Packinghouse door : On-tree and type : fresh :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : All : Fresh : Process : All : Fresh : Process --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per box : Grapefruit ..........................: (D) 14.84 (D) (D) 11.53 (D) (D) : Lemons ..............................: 41.20 20.59 29.00 (D) 13.53 21.51 (D) : Oranges .............................: 37.10 19.77 25.16 12.01 16.17 21.84 8.02 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Prices Received for All Milk - States and United States: May 2025 with Comparisons [Before deduction for hauling. Includes quality, quantity, and other premiums. Excludes hauling subsidies] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : May 2024 : April 2025 : May 2025 State :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Price :Fat test : Price :Fat test : Price : Fat test ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- :dollars per cwt percent dollars per cwt percent dollars per cwt percent : Arizona ............: 21.60 3.99 20.80 4.12 21.00 4.08 California .........: 20.50 4.17 19.60 4.24 20.50 4.14 Colorado ...........: 22.10 3.98 21.30 4.05 21.20 3.97 Florida ............: 24.80 3.86 24.90 3.92 23.80 3.83 Georgia ............: 25.20 3.91 25.00 3.99 23.80 3.90 Idaho ..............: 22.90 4.26 21.10 4.34 21.70 4.30 Illinois ...........: 22.00 4.16 20.40 4.30 20.60 4.20 Indiana ............: 22.50 4.04 22.50 4.21 21.90 4.14 Iowa ...............: 22.40 4.36 20.50 4.47 21.10 4.38 Kansas .............: 21.00 4.16 20.30 4.42 20.50 4.31 : Michigan ...........: 21.80 4.08 21.70 4.30 21.10 4.22 Minnesota ..........: 22.70 4.41 21.00 4.56 21.90 4.46 New Mexico .........: 20.50 3.91 19.80 4.11 20.00 4.05 New York ...........: 22.70 4.16 22.10 4.34 21.80 4.26 Ohio ...............: 22.10 4.00 22.50 4.28 21.80 4.22 Oregon .............: 24.10 4.30 21.80 4.44 22.20 4.28 Pennsylvania .......: 22.40 4.06 21.60 4.24 21.30 4.16 South Dakota .......: 23.00 4.61 21.00 4.65 21.70 4.52 Texas ..............: 23.00 4.28 21.70 4.47 21.70 4.42 Utah ...............: 21.50 4.10 20.40 4.19 20.60 4.07 : Vermont ............: 23.30 4.23 22.40 4.41 22.00 4.31 Virginia ...........: 25.10 3.99 24.60 4.10 23.60 4.03 Washington .........: 22.90 4.21 21.30 4.33 21.40 4.27 Wisconsin ..........: 21.50 4.15 20.60 4.36 21.10 4.28 : United States ......: 22.00 4.17 21.00 4.32 21.30 4.24 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received for Milk Cows - States and United States: April 2025 with Comparisons [Animals sold for dairy herd replacement only. Quarterly United States milk cow prices are based on revised milk cow inventory] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : April 2024 : January 2025 : April 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per head : Arizona ............: 2,100 2,800 2,900 California .........: 1,900 2,600 2,700 Colorado ...........: 2,000 2,600 2,700 Florida ............: 2,350 2,580 2,900 Georgia ............: 2,320 2,480 2,730 Idaho ..............: 2,100 2,550 2,850 Illinois ...........: 2,100 2,510 2,730 Indiana ............: 2,290 2,670 2,880 Iowa ...............: 2,170 2,690 2,960 Kansas .............: 2,000 2,350 2,550 : Michigan ...........: 2,320 2,760 3,070 Minnesota ..........: 2,150 2,590 2,810 New Mexico .........: 1,800 2,500 2,500 New York ...........: 2,320 2,800 3,050 Ohio ...............: 2,160 2,560 2,930 Oregon .............: 1,850 2,600 2,900 Pennsylvania .......: 2,190 2,720 2,860 South Dakota .......: 2,000 2,500 2,600 Texas ..............: 2,050 2,600 2,800 Utah ...............: 1,800 2,400 2,600 : Vermont ............: 2,340 2,930 2,970 Virginia ...........: 2,100 2,700 2,760 Washington .........: 1,950 2,650 2,900 Wisconsin ..........: 2,380 2,860 3,130 : United States ......: 2,120 2,660 2,870 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Parity Price Overview Parity prices, based on data from January 2025, and adjusted base price data from which parity prices are computed are presented in the tables on the following pages. Parity prices are computed under the provisions of Title III. Subtitle A, Section 301(a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 as amended by the Agricultural Acts of 1948, 1949, 1954, and 1956. The parity prices shown in this report are based on the provisions of the amended Act. Briefly, the actual method of computation is as follows: a. The average of prices received by farmers for individual commodities for the 10 preceding years is calculated (for 2025, the 10-average includes the years 2015-2024). An allowance for unredeemed loans and other supplemental payments resulting from price support programs, such as the deficiency payments for grains and cotton, is included for those commodities for which applicable. b. This 10-year average is divided by the average of the Index of Prices Received by Farmers for the same 10 preceding calendar years, adjusted to include an allowance for unredeemed loans and other supplemental price support operations, to give an "adjusted base price". c. Parity prices are computed by multiplying the "adjusted base prices" by the current Parity Index (the Index of Prices Paid by Farmers, including Interest, Taxes, and Wage Rates, 1910-1914=100). Parity prices are calculated in terms of prices received by farmers in the local markets in which they ordinarily sell. This means that the parity prices apply to the average of all classes and grades of the commodity as sold by all farmers in the United States, except as otherwise specified. Fruits and vegetables for fresh use and for processing are usually considered separate commodities and separate parity prices are calculated. The Agricultural Marketing Agreement Act of 1937 provided for parity prices for certain commodities covered by a marketing agreement or order program. Under present legislation, United States parity prices, with appropriate adjustments where needed, may be used for the purpose of this Act. Commodity Parity Prices and Price as Percent of Parity Price - United States: May 2025 with Comparisons [Parity prices are computed under the provisions of Title III, Subtitle a, Section 301 (a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 as amended by the Agricultural Acts of 1948, 1949, and 1956. See February "Agricultural Prices" for details on adjusted base price and parity price computations. Parity data not available for blank cells. Primary source of data for livestock and milk prices is United States Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Marketing Service] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Parity price : Price as percent :Adjusted : : : of parity Commodity and unit : base :----------------------------------------------------------- : price : May : April : May : May : April : May : : 2024 : 2025 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 : 2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------------- dollars ------------- ------- percent ------ : Basic commodities : All wheat ............bushel: 0.522 20.20 21.00 21.10 31 27 26 Rice ....................cwt: 1.29 49.20 51.80 52.10 35 27 26 Corn .................bushel: 0.392 15.00 15.70 15.80 30 29 29 Cotton : Upland ..............pound: 0.064 2.46 2.57 2.58 34 25 25 American Pima .......pound: 0.137 5.45 5.50 5.53 27 26 25 Peanuts ...............pound: 0.020 0.757 0.803 0.808 35 32 32 Small chickpeas 1/ ......cwt: 2.34 87.50 94.00 94.50 36 29 29 Large chickpeas 1/ ......cwt: 2.73 103.00 110.00 110.00 35 30 25 Lentils 1/ ..............cwt: 2.55 91.60 102.00 103.00 52 35 34 : Designated non-basic : All milk, to plants 2/ ..cwt: 1.71 66.30 68.70 69.00 34 31 31 Honey, extracted 3/ ...pound: 0.206 7.53 8.27 8.32 34 33 32 : Wool and mohair : Wool ..................pound: 0.143 5.49 5.74 5.77 28 25 25 Mohair ................pound: 0.505 18.80 20.30 20.40 34 32 32 : Other non-basic : Apples, fresh 4/ ......pound: 0.049 1.780 1.970 1.980 37 37 37 Barley ...............bushel: 0.492 18.50 19.80 19.90 40 29 30 Canola ..................cwt: 1.85 70.00 74.30 74.70 36 28 32 Cottonseed ..............ton: 18.50 738.00 743.00 747.00 24 34 33 Dry edible beans ........cwt: 3.05 115.00 122.00 123.00 43 28 26 Flaxseed .............bushel: 1.13 43.50 45.40 45.60 28 30 29 Oats .................bushel: 0.292 11.20 11.70 11.80 39 30 31 Potatoes, fresh .........cwt: 1.15 40.50 46.20 46.40 25 23 22 Sorghum grain ...........cwt: 0.703 26.70 28.20 28.40 31 27 27 Soybeans .............bushel: 0.968 37.50 38.90 39.10 32 26 27 Sunflower, all ..........cwt: 1.99 76.90 79.90 80.40 30 34 36 : Citrus (equivalent on-tree) : Grapefruit ..............box: 1.15 40.90 46.20 46.40 36 27 25 Lemons ..................box: 2.07 79.50 83.10 83.60 21 16 16 Oranges .................box: 1.150 42.80 46.20 46.40 27 30 35 : Livestock and poultry : Beef cattle .............cwt: 12.10 454.00 486.00 489.00 41 43 45 Broilers ..............pound: 0.052 1.97 2.09 2.10 39 38 38 Calves ..................cwt: 18.00 670.00 723.00 727.00 48 54 56 Eggs 2/ ...............dozen: 0.124 4.32 4.98 5.01 51 82 86 Hogs ....................cwt: 5.13 202.00 206.00 207.00 34 32 33 Turkeys, live .........pound: 0.067 2.650 2.690 2.710 22 27 29 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Parity prices began January 2015. 2/ Seasonally adjusted price as percentage of parity price. 3/ Wholesale extracted. Adjusted base price derived from state annual averages prices weighted by production. For 1982 through 1985 the national averages are the support prices. 4/ Equivalent packinghouse-door returns for California, New York, Oregon, and Washington. Price at point of first sale for other states. Commodity Parity Prices - United States: May 2025 with Comparisons [Parity prices are computed under the provisions of Title III, Subtitle a, Section 301 (a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 as amended by the Agricultural Acts of 1948, 1949, and 1956. See February "Agricultural Prices" for details on adjusted base price and parity price computations] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Parity price : Adjusted : : : Commodity and unit : base :----------------------------------------- : price : May : April : May : : 2024 : 2025 : 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars : Field crops and miscellaneous : Hops ..............................pound: 0.495 18.50 19.90 20.00 Mustard seed ........................cwt: 3.12 114.00 125.00 126.00 Rapeseed ............................cwt: 2.23 87.80 89.60 90.00 Rye ..............................bushel: 0.568 22.50 22.80 22.90 Safflower ...........................cwt: 2.23 83.70 89.60 90.00 Spearmint oil .....................pound: 1.60 62.80 64.30 64.60 Sweet potatoes ......................cwt: 2.02 77.60 81.10 81.60 : Tobacco : Flue-cured, 11-14 ...............pound: 0.182 7.00 7.31 7.35 Fire-cured, 21-23 ...............pound: 0.251 9.58 10.10 10.10 Burley, 31 ......................pound: 0.185 7.00 7.43 7.47 Maryland, 32 ....................pound: 0.184 7.00 7.39 7.43 Dark air-cured, 35-37 ...........pound: 0.224 8.56 9.00 9.05 Pennsylvania seedleaf, 41 .......pound: 0.266 9.58 10.70 10.70 : Non-citrus fruit : Apples, processing 1/ 2/ ............ton: 19.80 765.00 795.00 800.00 Apricots, fresh 3/ ..................ton: 127.00 4,660.00 5,100.00 5,130.00 Avocados 2/ 3/ ......................ton: 212.00 8,220.00 8,510.00 8,560.00 Cherries : Sweet .............................ton: 206.00 8,250.00 8,270.00 8,320.00 Tart 2/ .........................pound: 0.026 1.060 1.040 1.050 Cranberry 2/ 4/ ..................barrel: 3.05 117.00 122.00 123.00 Dates (California) 3/ ...............ton: 270.00 9,650.00 10,840.00 10,900.00 : Grapes (California) : Wine, processing ..................ton: 85.70 3,160.00 3,440.00 3,460.00 Kiwifruit 2/ ........................ton: 165.00 5,790.00 6,630.00 6,660.00 Nectarines, fresh (California) 3/ ...ton: 98.20 3,510.00 3,940.00 3,970.00 Olives, canning (California) 4/ .....ton: 107.00 4,200.00 4,300.00 4,320.00 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Commodity Parity Prices - United States: May 2025 with Comparisons (continued) [Parity prices are computed under the provisions of Title III, Subtitle a, Section 301 (a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 as amended by the Agricultural Acts of 1948, 1949, and 1956. See February "Agricultural Prices" for details on adjusted base price and parity price computations] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : : Parity price :Adjusted : : : Commodity and unit : base :-------------------------------------------- : price : May : April : May : : 2024 : 2025 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : dollars : Non-citrus fruit - continued : Papayas (Hawaii) .................pound: 0.054 1.93 2.17 2.18 Peaches, fresh 4/ 5/ ...............ton: 121.00 4,430.00 4,860.00 4,890.00 Pears, fresh 5/ ....................ton: 58.90 2,290.00 2,370.00 2,380.00 Plums (California) equivalent on-tree : Fresh 6/ .........................ton: 104.00 3,700.00 4,180.00 4,200.00 Strawberries : Fresh 7/ .........................cwt: 10.90 409.00 438.00 440.00 Processing .......................cwt: 4.04 153.00 162.00 163.00 : Sugar crops : Sugar beets 2/ 8/ ................ton: 4.10 158.00 165.00 166.00 Sugarcane 2/ 8/ ..................ton: 3.43 131.00 138.00 139.00 : Tree nuts 9/ : Almonds ..........................pound: 0.215 8.90 8.63 8.68 Hazelnuts ..........................ton: 200.00 8,250.00 8,030.00 8,080.00 Pistachios .......................pound: 0.226 9.16 9.08 9.13 Walnuts ............................ton: 152.00 6,890.00 6,100.00 6,140.00 : Vegetables, fresh 7/ : Carrots 10/ ........................cwt: 3.42 111.00 137.00 138.00 Cauliflower 10/ ....................cwt: 5.09 178.00 204.00 206.00 Celery 10/ .........................cwt: 2.20 84.80 88.40 88.80 Honeydew melons ....................cwt: 2.44 89.70 98.00 98.50 Lettuce ............................cwt: 2.86 108.00 115.00 115.00 Onions 10/ .........................cwt: 1.73 63.60 69.50 69.90 Tomatoes ...........................cwt: 4.16 160.00 167.00 168.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Equivalent returns at processing plant door. 2/ Adjusted base price is carried forward from the previous year since current marketing year average price is not yet available. 3/ Equivalent returns at packinghouse door. 4/ Equivalent returns for bulk fruit at first delivery point. 5/ Equivalent packinghouse-door returns for California, New York (apples only), Oregon (except Peaches), and Washington. Price at point of first sale for other states. 6/ Based on "as sold" prices for fresh fruit in all states. 7/ FOB shipping point price. 8/ Relates to prices including average conditional payments per ton made under the sugar acts of 1937 and 1948. Crop deficiency and abandonment payments not included. 9/ Prices In-Shell basis except almonds which are shelled basis. 10/ Includes some processing. Marketing Year for Specified Commodities Barley: June 1 to May 31 for United States; June 1 to May 31 for Arizona, California, Delaware, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Virginia; August 1 to July 31 for Alaska; July 1 to June 30 for all other States. Oats: June 1 to May 31 for United States; May 1 to April 30 for Georgia and Texas; June 1 to May 31 for Arkansas, North Carolina, and Oklahoma; August 1 to July 31 for Maine and New York; September 1 to August 31 for Alaska; July 1 to June 30 for all other States. Wheat: June 1 to May 31 for United States; May 1 to April 30 for Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas; June 1 to May 31 for Arizona, Arkansas, California, Delaware, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri, New Mexico, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia; July 1 to June 30 for all other States. Prices Received and Farm Marketings for All Barley by Month - United States: Marketing Years 2022-2023 through 2024-2025 [Marketing year average (MYA) prices are weighted average prices for the United States marketing year of June through May. Monthly farm marketings, based on a sample survey, as percent of total used for calculating MYA prices] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Prices received : Farm marketing percentages Month :-----------------------------------:----------------------------------- : 2022-2023 : 2023-2024 : 2024-2025 : 2022-2023 : 2023-2024 : 2024-2025 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---- dollars per bushel ---- ---------- percent ---------- : June ......: 6.44 7.39 7.04 2.4 5.2 6.2 July ......: 6.60 7.08 6.19 2.7 4.5 7.0 August ....: 7.47 7.52 6.71 18.8 16.2 25.9 September .: 7.51 7.51 5.94 17.2 16.1 11.8 October ...: 7.52 7.16 6.13 9.9 6.6 8.7 November ..: 7.36 7.72 6.25 8.6 8.2 7.1 December ..: 7.48 6.75 6.45 7.5 9.1 6.8 January 1/ : 7.28 7.54 6.12 7.7 5.9 7.1 February ..: 7.60 7.02 5.86 6.4 7.1 6.6 March .....: 7.50 7.54 6.09 6.8 7.2 5.2 April .....: 7.16 7.71 5.81 7.6 8.6 4.6 May .......: 7.56 7.38 6.04 4.4 5.3 3.0 : MYA .......: 7.40 7.39 6.31 100.0 100.0 100.0 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Second year. Prices Received and Farm Marketings for Malting Barley by Month - United States: Marketing Years 2022-2023 through 2024-2025 [Marketing year average (MYA) prices are weighted average prices for the United States marketing year of June through May. Monthly farm marketings, based on a sample survey, as percent of total used for calculating MYA prices] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Prices received : Farm marketing percentages Month :-----------------------------------:----------------------------------- : 2022-2023 : 2023-2024 : 2024-2025 : 2022-2023 : 2023-2024 : 2024-2025 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---- dollars per bushel ---- ---------- percent ---------- : June ......: 6.41 7.84 7.67 2.3 4.9 5.9 July ......: 6.59 7.28 6.66 2.6 4.4 6.7 August ....: 7.59 7.79 6.95 19.4 16.4 27.7 September .: 7.70 7.78 6.56 17.3 16.5 10.8 October ...: 7.68 7.65 6.53 10.1 6.3 8.8 November ..: 7.50 8.03 6.72 8.5 8.5 7.0 December ..: 7.62 7.27 6.98 7.5 8.4 6.7 January 1/ : 7.41 7.89 6.36 7.5 6.0 7.5 February ..: 7.76 7.68 6.36 6.2 6.6 6.2 March .....: 7.65 7.79 6.46 6.7 7.5 5.2 April .....: 7.24 7.90 6.26 7.7 9.3 4.5 May .......: 7.74 7.85 6.29 4.2 5.2 3.0 : MYA .......: 7.54 7.75 6.72 100.0 100.0 100.0 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Second year. Prices Received and Farm Marketings for Feed Barley by Month - United States: Marketing Years 2022-2023 through 2024-2025 [Marketing year average (MYA) prices are weighted average prices for the United States marketing year of June through May. Monthly farm marketings, based on a sample survey, as percent of total used for calculating MYA prices] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Prices received : Farm marketing percentages Month :-----------------------------------:----------------------------------- : 2022-2023 : 2023-2024 : 2024-2025 : 2022-2023 : 2023-2024 : 2024-2025 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---- dollars per bushel ---- ---------- percent ---------- : June ......: 6.72 5.43 4.16 3.5 7.4 8.0 July ......: 6.69 6.07 3.82 3.6 5.4 8.3 August ....: 5.96 5.61 3.89 13.8 14.8 14.5 September .: 5.65 5.31 3.65 16.0 13.2 18.3 October ...: 5.70 4.79 3.50 7.8 8.4 8.3 November ..: 6.14 5.18 3.78 9.3 6.7 8.2 December ..: 6.08 4.62 3.55 7.1 13.6 7.5 January 1/ : 6.29 5.05 3.85 9.3 5.4 4.9 February ..: 6.55 4.30 3.71 8.5 10.4 9.0 March .....: 6.21 5.06 3.79 7.3 5.0 5.2 April .....: 6.39 4.73 3.51 7.4 3.9 5.5 May .......: 6.41 4.67 4.07 6.4 5.8 2.3 : MYA .......: 6.13 5.06 3.75 100.0 100.0 100.0 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Second year. Prices Received and Farm Marketings for Oats by Month - United States: Marketing Years 2022-2023 through 2024-2025 [Marketing year average (MYA) prices are weighted average prices for the United States marketing year of June through May. Monthly farm marketings, based on a sample survey, as percent of total used for calculating MYA prices] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Prices received : Farm marketing percentages Month :-----------------------------------:----------------------------------- : 2022-2023 : 2023-2024 : 2024-2025 : 2022-2023 : 2023-2024 : 2024-2025 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---- dollars per bushel ---- ---------- percent ---------- : June ......: 6.61 4.15 3.99 2.9 6.7 2.6 July ......: 5.68 3.91 3.43 6.5 8.0 5.9 August ....: 4.62 3.70 3.19 21.4 21.4 30.8 September .: 4.43 3.86 3.32 24.8 22.1 23.0 October ...: 4.38 3.77 3.33 9.2 6.8 8.4 November ..: 4.36 3.92 3.49 8.6 6.3 4.3 December ..: 4.54 3.98 3.19 8.0 4.0 5.4 January 1/ : 4.34 4.07 3.47 4.7 7.1 5.1 February ..: 4.01 4.10 3.41 2.7 6.2 4.3 March .....: 4.18 4.23 3.58 3.2 3.8 4.1 April .....: 4.04 3.88 3.52 4.7 4.0 3.8 May .......: 4.31 4.36 3.71 3.3 3.6 2.3 : MYA .......: 4.57 3.92 3.35 100.0 100.0 100.0 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Second year. Prices Received and Farm Marketings for All Wheat by Month - United States: Marketing Years 2022-2023 through 2024-2025 [Marketing year average (MYA) prices are weighted average prices for the United States marketing year of June through May. Monthly farm marketings, based on a sample survey, as percent of total used for calculating MYA prices] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Prices received : Farm marketing percentages Month :-----------------------------------:----------------------------------- : 2022-2023 : 2023-2024 : 2024-2025 : 2022-2023 : 2023-2024 : 2024-2025 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---- dollars per bushel ---- ---------- percent ---------- : June ......: 9.61 7.67 5.86 14.2 12.7 14.4 July ......: 8.69 7.61 5.52 15.0 20.4 16.0 August ....: 8.55 7.34 5.23 11.1 10.5 12.9 September .: 8.78 7.06 5.36 15.4 7.1 12.3 October ...: 9.18 6.96 5.47 5.9 4.8 6.3 November ..: 9.15 6.52 5.45 4.9 4.7 5.3 December ..: 8.97 6.79 5.49 7.4 8.1 7.2 January 1/ : 8.81 6.77 5.52 7.2 6.1 7.7 February ..: 8.54 6.34 5.59 6.2 5.9 6.0 March .....: 8.35 6.01 5.71 4.7 4.8 4.5 April .....: 8.31 5.90 5.61 3.8 8.2 3.9 May .......: 8.07 6.19 5.58 4.2 6.7 3.5 : MYA .......: 8.83 6.96 5.52 100.0 100.0 100.0 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Second year. Prices Received for Winter Wheat by Month, Marketing Year Average - United States: 2022-2023 through 2024-2025 [Marketing year average (MYA) prices are weighted average prices for the United States marketing year of June through May] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Month : 2022-2023 : 2023-2024 : 2024-2025 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : June ......: 9.16 7.32 5.72 July ......: 8.34 7.45 5.45 August ....: 8.43 7.08 5.14 September .: 8.72 6.69 5.28 October ...: 9.09 6.41 5.34 November ..: 8.91 6.10 5.30 December ..: 8.47 6.19 5.27 January 1/ : 8.33 6.28 5.26 February ..: 8.37 5.80 5.37 March .....: 8.24 5.64 5.55 April .....: 8.07 5.59 5.38 May .......: 7.67 5.96 5.41 : MYA .......: 8.58 6.69 5.39 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Second year. Prices Received for Durum Wheat by Month, Marketing Year Average - United States: 2022-2023 through 2024-2025 [Marketing year average (MYA) prices are weighted average prices for the United States marketing year of June through May] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Month : 2022-2023 : 2023-2024 : 2024-2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : June ...............: 12.00 10.70 8.10 July ...............: 12.70 9.11 7.36 August .............: 10.80 10.20 6.74 September ..........: 9.92 10.40 6.91 October ............: 10.20 10.10 6.83 November ...........: 10.40 9.58 6.79 December ...........: 11.20 9.67 6.66 January 1/ .........: 10.60 9.36 6.77 February ...........: 9.34 9.25 6.88 March ..............: 9.16 8.53 6.66 April ..............: 9.06 8.34 6.76 May ................: 10.30 8.03 7.13 : MYA ................: 10.90 9.70 6.93 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Second year. Prices Received for Other Spring Wheat by Month, Marketing Year Average - United States: 2022-2023 through 2024-2025 [Marketing year average (MYA) prices are weighted average prices for the United States marketing year of June through May] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Month : 2022-2023 : 2023-2024 : 2024-2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : June ...............: 10.90 7.96 6.52 July ...............: 9.96 8.18 5.82 August .............: 8.72 7.61 5.39 September ..........: 8.80 7.02 5.34 October ............: 9.13 7.22 5.63 November ...........: 9.24 6.86 5.56 December ...........: 9.11 7.09 5.69 January 1/ .........: 9.05 7.04 5.83 February ...........: 8.69 6.63 5.91 March ..............: 8.39 6.41 5.70 April ..............: 8.40 6.29 5.69 May ................: 8.24 6.60 5.70 : MYA ................: 8.99 7.15 5.68 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Second year. Prices Received for Hard Red Winter Wheat by Month, Marketing Year Average - United States: 2022-2023 through 2024-2025 [Marketing year average (MYA) prices are weighted average prices for the United States marketing year of June through May] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Month : 2022-2023 : 2023-2024 : 2024-2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : June ...............: 9.29 7.77 5.81 July ...............: 8.50 8.00 5.42 August .............: 8.59 7.47 5.08 September ..........: 8.74 6.91 5.30 October ............: 9.43 6.54 5.34 November ...........: 9.09 6.12 5.32 December ...........: 8.70 6.22 5.22 January 1/ .........: 8.51 6.23 5.20 February ...........: 8.75 5.76 5.32 March ..............: 8.65 5.70 5.54 April ..............: 8.47 5.66 5.17 May ................: 8.29 6.04 5.27 : MYA ................: 8.80 6.86 5.38 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Second year. Prices Received for Soft Red Winter Wheat by Month, Marketing Year Average - United States: 2022-2023 through 2024-2025 [Marketing year average (MYA) prices are weighted average prices for the United States marketing year of June through May] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Month : 2022-2023 : 2023-2024 : 2024-2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : June ...............: 8.69 6.77 5.55 July ...............: 8.02 6.58 5.52 August .............: 7.73 6.40 5.23 September ..........: 8.09 5.84 5.32 October ............: 8.57 5.94 5.39 November ...........: 8.07 5.62 5.46 December ...........: 8.04 5.93 5.57 January 1/ .........: 7.98 6.31 5.71 February ...........: 7.77 6.02 5.84 March ..............: 7.60 5.63 5.80 April ..............: 6.85 5.62 5.67 May ................: 7.15 5.86 5.28 : MYA ................: 8.14 6.41 5.51 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Second year. Prices Received for Hard Red Spring Wheat by Month, Marketing Year Average - United States: 2022-2023 through 2024-2025 [Marketing year average (MYA) prices are weighted average prices for the United States marketing year of June through May] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Month : 2022-2023 : 2023-2024 : 2024-2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : June ...............: 11.00 8.00 6.54 July ...............: 10.00 8.20 5.84 August .............: 8.81 7.62 5.39 September ..........: 8.81 7.01 5.36 October ............: 9.18 7.27 5.66 November ...........: 9.29 6.90 5.58 December ...........: 9.17 7.11 5.72 January 1/ .........: 9.07 7.04 5.87 February ...........: 8.76 6.67 5.93 March ..............: 8.44 6.46 5.72 April ..............: 8.47 6.34 5.70 May ................: 8.32 6.66 5.71 : MYA ................: 9.05 7.19 5.71 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Second year. Prices Received for White Wheat by Month, Marketing Year Average - United States: 2022-2023 through 2024-2025 [Marketing year average (MYA) prices are weighted average prices for the United States marketing year of June through May] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Month : 2022-2023 : 2023-2024 : 2024-2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : June ...............: 10.20 6.87 5.70 July ...............: 8.47 7.28 5.59 August .............: 8.47 6.70 5.31 September ..........: 8.81 6.90 5.16 October ............: 8.44 6.38 5.32 November ...........: 8.67 6.27 5.21 December ...........: 7.89 6.23 5.33 January 1/ .........: 7.86 6.63 5.18 February ...........: 7.79 5.77 5.35 March ..............: 7.47 5.32 5.43 April ..............: 6.79 5.33 5.67 May ................: 6.69 5.74 5.70 : MYA ................: 8.25 6.31 5.35 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Second year. Reliability of Prices Received Estimates Definition: Prices received represent sales from producers to first buyers. They include all grades and qualities. The average commodity price from the survey multiplied by the total quantity marketed theoretically should give the total cash receipts for the commodity. Survey procedures: Primary sales data used to determine grain prices were obtained from probability samples of about 1,900 mills and elevators. These procedures ensure that virtually all grain moving into commercial channels has a chance of being included in the survey. Generally, States surveyed account for 90 percent or more of total United States production. Livestock prices are obtained from packers, stockyards, auctions, dealers, and market check data from AMS-USDA, private marketing organizations, and state commodity groups and agencies. Inter-farm sales of grain and livestock are not included since they represent very small percentages of the total sales. Grain marketed for seed is also excluded. Fruit and vegetable prices are obtained from sample surveys and market check data from AMS-USDA, private marketing organizations, state agencies, and universities. Summary and estimation procedures: Survey quantities sold are expanded by strata to state levels and used to weight average strata prices to a state average. State prices are then weighted to a United States price based on expanded sales. Recommendations are prepared by the Regional Field Offices and reviewed by the Agricultural Statistics Board in Washington, D.C. State recommendations are reviewed for reasonableness with survey data, other States, and recent historic estimates. Revisions: In general, revisions are made during annual commodity market year estimation time, following five-year Census revisions, or when later information is received. Revisions are published in monthly issues of Agricultural Prices. Reliability: United States price estimates based on probability surveys generally have a sampling error of less than one percent for the major commodities such as corn, wheat, soybeans, cotton, and rice. Current methods of summarization for non-probability commodities are not designed directly to calculate sampling errors. However, analytical measures approximate the United States relative sampling errors at around five percent. Any non- sampling errors are attributed to such things as the inability to obtain correct information, differences in interpreting questions or definitions, mistakes in coding or processing the data, etc. Efforts are made at each step in the survey process to minimize these non-sampling errors. Program Changes: See Price Program Links at the end of this report for details on program changes to the Prices Program methodology. May Prices Paid by Farmers The May Prices Paid Index for Commodities and Services, Interest, Taxes, and Farm Wage Rates (PPITW), at 149.2, is up 0.4 percent from April 2025 and 6.4 percent from May 2024. Production: The May index, at 147.1, is up 0.5 percent from April and 7.8 percent from last year. Higher prices in May for feeder cattle, other services, hay & forages, and nitrogen more than offset lower prices for feeder pigs, LP gas, self-propelled machinery, and complete feeds. Feed: At 116.5, the May index is up 0.4 percent from April but down 1.9 percent from last May. Since April, higher prices for hay & forages, feed grains, and supplements more than offset lower prices for complete feeds and concentrates. Livestock and poultry: The May index, at 224.3, increased 2.0 percent from April and 24 percent from last year. Since April, higher prices for feeder cattle more than offset lower prices for feeder pigs. The May feeder cattle price, at $330.00 per cwt, is up $9.00 per cwt from the April price. The May feeder pigs price, at $198.00 per cwt, is down $14.00 per cwt from April. Fertilizer: The index for May, at 108.9, is up 1.6 percent from April and 6.2 percent from May a year ago. Since April, prices are higher for nitrogen, potash & phosphate, and mixed fertilizer. Chemicals: The May index, at 115.8, is down 1.1 percent from April and 0.8 percent from last May. Fuels: At 84.4, the May index is down 3.7 percent from April and 6.8 percent from May 2024. Compared with April, prices are lower for LP gas, diesel, and gasoline. Machinery: The index for May, at 169.6, decreased 0.6 percent from April but increased 0.1 percent from last May. Compared with last month, prices are lower for self-propelled machinery and tractors, but higher for other machinery. Consumer Price Index: The May 2025 Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U), as issued by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, increased 2.4 percent over the last 12 months to an index level of 321.465 (1982- 1984=100). For the month, the index increased 0.2 percent prior to seasonal adjustment. Prices Paid Indexes and Related Parity Ratios - United States: May 2025 with Comparisons [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1910-1914 Base : 2011 Base Index Group :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- and : May : April : May : May : April : May Ratios : 2024 : 2025 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 : 2025 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : Prices paid by farmers for : commodities, services, : interest, taxes, and wage : rates (PPITW) ...................: 3795 4020 4038 140.2 148.6 149.2 Production ....................: 2841 3044 3061 136.5 146.3 147.1 Feed ........................: 1307 1276 1281 118.8 116.0 116.5 Livestock and poultry .......: 3581 4340 4425 181.5 220.0 224.3 Seeds .......................: 4401 4401 4401 133.8 133.8 133.8 Fertilizer ..................: 1236 1293 1314 102.5 107.2 109.0 Chemicals ...................: 1046 1050 1038 116.7 117.1 115.8 Fuels .......................: 2534 2449 2360 90.6 87.6 84.4 Supplies and repairs ........: 1721 1739 1750 145.9 147.4 148.2 : Autos and trucks ............: 3954 3973 3972 128.6 129.2 129.2 Machinery ...................: 10347 10424 10362 169.4 170.7 169.6 Building materials ..........: 3886 3953 3960 167.0 169.9 170.2 Services and rent ...........: 3357 3463 3480 (NA) (NA) (NA) Services ....................: (NA) (NA) (NA) 148.0 152.7 153.8 Rent ........................: (NA) (NA) (NA) 137.6 141.7 141.7 : Interest 1/ ...................: 5764 5455 5455 158.0 149.6 149.6 Taxes 2/ ......................: 9587 10066 10066 161.6 169.6 169.6 Wage rates ....................: 12149 12494 12494 169.6 174.4 174.4 Family living-CPI 3/ ..........: 2984 3048 3055 139.6 142.6 142.9 : Production, interest, taxes, : and wage rates (PITW) .........: 3958 4214 4234 140.3 149.4 150.1 : Ratio (received/paid) ...........: (NA) (NA) (NA) 89 93 94 Parity ratio 4/ .................: 34 35 36 (NA) (NA) (NA) Parity ratio adjusted 5/ ........: 35 38 39 (NA) (NA) (NA) PPITW adjusted for : productivity 6/ ...............: 1980 2133 2136 (NA) (NA) (NA) : Crop sector (PPITW) .............: (NA) (NA) (NA) 137.3 143.0 143.2 Livestock sector (PPITW) ........: (NA) (NA) (NA) 143.4 154.3 155.5 : Farm sector (production) ........: (NA) (NA) (NA) 141.9 156.9 158.7 Non-farm sector (production) ....: (NA) (NA) (NA) 133.3 139.2 139.4 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Interest per acre on farm real estate debt and interest rate on farm non-real estate debt. 2/ Farm real estate taxes payable per acre. 3/ Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Price Index for all urban consumers (CPI-U), converted by the USDA. 4/ Ratio of index of prices received to PPITW (1910-1914=100). 5/ Based on estimated cash receipts, from marketings and government payments, the preliminary adjustment factor is updated annually. 6/ PPITW is adjusted based on productivity trend for the prior 15 years. Prices Paid Indexes and Annual Weights for Input Components and Sub-components - United States: May 2025 with Comparisons [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov. Relative weights are a five year moving average] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Relative weights : Indexes (2011=100) :------------------------------------------------------- Index Group : : : May : April : May : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : Production items ............: 76.036 75.027 136.5 146.3 147.1 : Feed ......................: 14.590 14.164 118.8 116.0 116.5 Feed grains .............: 2.086 2.026 78.7 77.9 78.3 Complete feeds ..........: 7.149 6.941 126.4 128.9 128.2 Hay and forages .........: 1.824 1.771 120.4 107.6 113.3 Concentrates ............: 2.305 2.238 123.3 110.9 110.8 Supplements .............: 1.226 1.190 132.1 127.8 128.3 Livestock and poultry .....: 9.438 10.997 181.5 220.0 224.3 Feeder cattle ...........: 7.352 8.567 193.4 234.3 240.9 Feeder pigs .............: 0.755 0.880 122.1 151.4 141.4 Milk cow replacements ...: 0.765 0.891 149.3 202.1 202.1 Poultry .................: 0.566 0.660 149.6 149.6 149.6 : Seeds .....................: 4.766 4.983 133.8 133.8 133.8 Field crops .............: 4.318 4.515 132.4 132.4 132.4 Grasses and legumes .....: 0.448 0.468 147.4 147.4 147.4 Fertilizer ................: 8.927 6.421 102.5 107.2 109.0 Mixed fertilizer ........: 3.928 2.825 105.1 106.6 107.4 Nitrogen ................: 3.749 2.697 101.4 108.1 110.0 Potash and phosphate ....: 1.250 0.899 97.6 106.7 110.4 Chemicals .................: 4.695 4.074 116.7 117.1 115.8 Herbicides ..............: 2.958 2.567 122.9 123.2 121.9 Insecticides ............: 1.080 0.937 113.1 113.4 112.1 Fungicides and other ....: 0.657 0.570 95.1 95.3 94.3 : Fuels .....................: 3.668 3.099 90.6 87.6 84.4 Diesel ..................: 2.283 1.929 88.7 82.8 81.2 Gasoline ................: 0.768 0.649 99.5 88.1 87.5 LP gas ..................: 0.617 0.521 86.4 104.7 92.3 Supplies and repairs ......: 4.176 4.318 145.9 147.4 148.2 Supplies ................: 1.399 1.447 142.6 145.9 147.6 Repairs .................: 2.777 2.871 147.5 148.1 148.6 Autos and trucks ..........: 1.074 1.091 128.6 129.2 129.2 Autos ...................: 0.140 0.142 121.5 122.4 122.2 Trucks ..................: 0.934 0.949 129.6 130.2 130.2 : Machinery .................: 4.501 4.884 169.4 170.7 169.6 Tractors ................: 0.990 1.075 139.5 140.3 139.3 Self-propelled ..........: 1.800 1.954 159.5 161.7 159.0 Other machinery .........: 1.710 1.856 197.1 197.7 198.4 Building materials ........: 3.485 3.531 167.0 169.9 170.2 Services ..................: 10.726 11.304 148.0 152.7 153.8 Custom rates ............: 1.105 1.164 143.5 143.5 143.5 Other services ..........: 9.621 10.140 148.5 153.8 155.0 Rent ......................: 5.990 6.161 137.6 141.7 141.7 Cash ....................: 3.217 3.308 140.3 143.3 143.3 Share ...................: 2.773 2.852 134.4 139.8 139.8 : Interest ....................: 2.032 2.370 158.0 149.6 149.6 Taxes .......................: 2.923 3.092 161.6 169.6 169.6 Wage rates ..................: 6.436 6.848 169.6 174.4 174.4 Family living-CPI ...........: 12.574 12.663 139.6 142.6 142.9 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Feed Price Ratios - United States: May 2025 with Comparisons ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Feed price ratio 1/ : May 2024 : April 2025 : May 2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Broiler-feed: pounds of broiler grower feed equal : in value to 1 pound of broiler, live weight 2/ ......: 5.9 6.6 6.5 : Market egg feed: pounds of laying feed equal in : value to 1 dozen eggs 3/ ............................: 13.9 35.9 32.7 : Hog-corn: bushels of corn equal in value to : 100 pounds of hog, live weight ......................: 15.1 14.2 14.7 : Milk-feed: pounds of 16% mixed dairy feed equal : in value to 1 pound of whole milk 4/ ................: 2.24 2.27 2.24 : Steer & heifer-corn: bushels of corn equal : in value to 100 pounds of steer & heifers, : live weight .......................................: 41.7 45.7 47.6 : Turkey-feed: pounds of turkey grower equal in : value to 1 pound of turkey, live weight 5/ ..........: 4.9 6.7 7.1 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Effective January 1995, prices of commercial prepared feeds are based on current United States prices received for corn, soybeans, alfalfa hay, and all wheat. 2/ The price of commercial prepared broiler feed is based on current United States prices received for corn and soybeans. The modeled feed uses 58 percent corn and 42 percent soybeans. 3/ The price of commercial prepared layer feed is based on current United States prices received for corn and soybeans. The modeled feed uses 75 percent corn and 25 percent soybeans. 4/ The price of commercial prepared dairy feed is based on current United States prices received for corn, soybeans, and alfalfa. The modeled feed uses 51 percent corn, 8 percent soybeans, and 41 percent alfalfa. 5/ The price of commercial prepared turkey feed is based on current United States prices received for corn, soybeans, and wheat. The modeled feed uses 51 percent corn, 28 percent soybeans, and 21 percent wheat. Prices Received Used to Calculate Feed Price Ratios - United States: May 2025 with Comparisons [Price data source for livestock and poultry commodities is United States Department of Agriculture's Agriculture Marketing Service] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Item : May 2024 : April 2025 : May 2025 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars : Broilers, live ................pound: 0.765 0.791 0.789 Eggs, market ..................dozen: 1.53 3.75 3.45 : Hogs, all .......................cwt: 67.90 65.50 68.40 Milk, all .......................cwt: 22.00 21.00 21.30 : Steers and heifers ..............cwt: 188.00 211.00 221.00 Turkeys, live .................pound: 0.585 0.734 0.786 : Corn .........................bushel: 4.51 4.62 4.64 Hay, alfalfa ....................ton: 202.00 180.00 191.00 : Soybeans .....................bushel: 11.90 10.20 10.40 Wheat, all ...................bushel: 6.19 5.61 5.58 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Paid for Feeder Livestock - United States: May 2025 with Comparisons [Price data source is United States Department of Agriculture's Agriculture Marketing Service] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Item : May 2024 : April 2025 : May 2025 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars : Feeder cattle & calves ..........cwt: 265.00 321.00 330.00 Feeder pigs .....................cwt: 171.00 212.00 198.00 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Reliability of Prices Paid Estimates Definition: Prices paid by farmers represent the average costs of inputs purchased by farmers and ranchers to produce agricultural commodities. Conceptually, the average price when multiplied by quantity purchased should equal total producer expenditures for the item. Survey procedures: The prices paid data are obtained from establishments that sell goods and services to farmers and ranchers. Annually, about 8,500 firms are randomly selected from lists by type of item sold with an average response rate in the range of 75-80 percent. Firms are asked to report the price for the specified item "most commonly bought by farmers" or that was the "volume seller". Approximately 135 items are surveyed each March to represent all production input items purchased. The survey reference period for all items is the full preceding calendar year. Separate prices paid surveys are conducted for agricultural chemicals, fuels, feed, fertilizer, machinery, and seed. Summary and estimation procedures: The annual March Prices Paid Survey is summarized as a non-probability survey. Average prices reported are aggregated to the region and United States level using weights available from expenditure data and other administrative sources. Price recommendations are prepared by the Regional Field Offices and Headquarters for review by the Agricultural Statistics Board in Washington, D.C. Also, the change in price level for individual items surveyed are combined to the regional and United States levels, and are published as prices paid indexes referenced to a specific base period. Prices paid indexes for new autos and trucks, building materials, farm supplies, motor supplies, and marketing containers are updated based on price changes measured in selected Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) indexes. Revisions: Any revisions are published in the monthly and in annual issues of Agricultural Prices. The basis for revision must be supported by additional data that directly affect the level of the estimate. More revisions are likely for March when separate prices paid surveys are conducted, in lieu of BLS indexes, by the USDA to measure price change. Reliability: Current methods of summarization for the March data are not designed directly to calculate sampling errors. However, analytical measures approximate the United States relative sampling errors for major items around 10 percent. Any non-sampling errors are attributed to such things as the inability to obtain correct information, differences in interpreting questions or definitions, mistakes in coding or processing the data, etc. Efforts are made at each step in the survey process to minimize these non- sampling errors. Program Changes: See Price Program Links at the end of this report for details on program changes to the Prices Program methodology. Information Contacts General Bryan Combs, Chief, Environmental, Economics, and Demographics Branch.................................... (202) 720-6146 Crop Prices Received Anthony Prillaman, Acting Chief, Crops Branch............................................................ (202) 720-2127 Chris Hawthorn, Head, Field Crops Section................................................................ (202) 720-2127 Joshua Bates - Asparagus, Hemp, Maple Syrup, Soybeans.................................................. (202) 690-3234 Natasha Bruton - Cotton System Consumption and Stocks, Grain Crushings, Fats and Oils, Flour Milling Products, Broccoli, Cauliflower, Plums, Prunes.......................... (202) 690-1042 Michelle Harder - Hay, Kale, Peanuts, Raspberries...................................................... (202) 690-8533 Deonne Holiday - Almonds, Carrots, Coffee, Cranberries, Garlic, Onions Proso Millet, Rye, Tobacco........................................................................... (202) 720-4288 Bret Holliman - Apricots, Barley, Chickpeas, Nectarines, Peaches, Snap Beans, Tomatoes................................................................................. (202) 720-7235 James Johanson - Dry Edible Beans, Lettuce, Macadamias, Wheat (202) 720-8068 Greg Lemmons - Beets, Corn, Flaxseed, Pears, Rice, Sweet Corn.......................................... (202) 720-9526 Krishna Rizal - Artichokes, Celery, Grapefruit, Lemons, Mandarins and tangerines, Mint, Mushrooms, Olives, Oranges, Pistachios......................................................... (202) 720-5412 Chris Singh - Apples, Cucumbers, Hazelnuts, Potatoes, Pumpkins, Squash, Sugarbeets, Sugarcane, Sweet Potatoes (202) 720-4285 Becky Sommer - Cabbage, Cotton, Cotton Ginnings, Sorghum, Walnuts, Strawberries........................ (202) 720-5944 Travis Thorson - Blueberries, Canola, Mustard Seed, Rapeseed, Safflower, Spinach, Sunflower................................................................................... (202) 720-7369 Antonio Torres - Cantaloupes, Dry Edible Peas, Grapes, Green Peas, Honeydews, Lentils, Oats, Sweet Cherries, Tart Cherries, Watermelons................................. (202) 720-2157 Chris Wallace - Avocados, Bell Peppers, Chile Peppers, Dates, Floriculture, Hops, Papayas, Pecans................................................................................ (202) 720-4215 Livestock Prices Received Travis Averill, Chief, Livestock Branch.................................................................. (202) 692-0069 Ryan Cowen - Cattle and Cattle on Feed................................................................. (202) 720-3040 Kim DaPra - Milk, Milk Cows............................................................................ (202) 720-3278 Ralph Mondesir - Hogs and Pigs......................................................................... (202) 221-9297 Fatema Haque - Turkeys................................................................................. (202) 720-3244 Seth Riggins - Honey................................................................................... (202) 720-3106 Autumn Stone - Eggs.................................................................................... (202) 690-3676 Takiyah Walker - Broilers.............................................................................. (202) 720-6147 Indexes, Prices Paid, and Parity Prices Bryan Combs, Chief, Environmental, Economics, and Demographics Branch.................................... (202) 720-6146 Julie Weber, Head, Economics Section..................................................................... (202) 720-7216 Yukun Fung - Prices Received Indexes, Parity Prices, Prices Paid Indexes............................... (202) 720-6881 Scott Peterson - Prices Received Indexes, Parity Prices, Prices Paid Indexes........................... (202) 690-0726 Max Reason - Prices Received Indexes, Parity Prices, Prices Paid Indexes, Prices Paid for Feed, Fertilizer, Chemicals, Seeds, Fuels, Farm Supplies and Repairs, Farm Machinery, Feeder Livestock, Poultry Chicks, Feed Price Ratios.................................................................... (202) 973-4588 Access to NASS Reports For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways: All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: www.nass.usda.gov. The national specific reports are available via a free e-mail subscription. To set-up this free subscription, visit www.nass.usda.gov and click on "National" in upper right corner above "search" box to create an account and select the reports you would like to receive. 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Persons with disabilities who require alternative means of communication for program information (e.g., Braille, large print, audiotape, American Sign Language, etc.) should contact the responsible Agency or USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TTY) or contact USDA through the Federal Relay Service at (800) 877-8339. Additionally, program information may be made available in languages other than English. To file a program discrimination complaint, complete the USDA Program Discrimination Complaint Form, AD-3027, found online at How to File a Program Discrimination Complaint and at any USDA office or write a letter addressed to USDA and provide in the letter all of the information requested in the form. To request a copy of the complaint form, call (866) 632-9992. Submit your completed form or letter to USDA by: (1) mail: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, D.C. 20250-9410; (2) fax: (202) 690- 7442; or (3) email: program.intake@usda.gov. USDA is an equal opportunity provider, employer, and lender. Price Program Links Economics and Prices http://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_Subject/Economics_and_Prices/index.php Agricultural Prices Program and Survey https://www.nass.usda.gov/Surveys/Guide_to_NASS_Surveys/Prices/