Agricultural Prices ISSN: 1937-4216 Released May 30, 2018, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). April Prices Received Index Decreased 2.2 Percent The April Prices Received Index (Agricultural Production), at 92.8, decreased 2.2 percent from March 2018. At 88.0, the Crop Production Index increased 0.6 percent. The Livestock Production Index, at 95.8, decreased 4.0 percent. Producers received higher prices for broilers, milk, corn, and hay but lower prices for market eggs, cattle, lettuce, and hogs. Compared with a year earlier, the Prices Received Index is down 3.1 percent. The Crop Production Index decreased 3.1 percent and the Livestock Production Index decreased 3.7 percent. In addition to prices, the indexes are influenced by the volume change of commodities producers market. Increased monthly movement of milk, oranges, strawberries, and broilers offset the decreased marketing of corn, cattle, soybeans, and hay. The Food Commodities Index, at 96.0, decreased 3.8 percent from the previous month and decreased 4.9 percent from April 2017. April Prices Paid Index Down 0.4 Percent The April Prices Paid Index for Commodities and Services, Interest, Taxes, and Farm Wage Rates (PPITW), at 108.6, is down 0.4 percent from March 2018 but up 1.7 percent from April 2017. Lower prices for feeder cattle, wage rates, feeder pigs, and milk cows more than offset higher prices for hay & forages, complete feeds, diesel, and feed concentrates. Prices Received, Prices Paid, and Ratio of Prices Received to Prices Paid Indexes 2011 Base - United States: April 2018 with Comparisons ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : April : March : April Index Group : 2017 : 2018 : 2018 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : percent percent percent : : Prices received by farmers ...............: 95.8 94.9 92.8 : Prices paid by farmers ...................: 106.8 109.0 108.6 : Ratio of prices received to prices paid ..: 90 87 85 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Contents Prices Received by Farmers................................................................................. 3 Prices Received Indexes, 2011 Base - United States: April 2018 with Comparisons............................ 4 Prices Received Indexes, 1910-1914 Base - United States: April 2018 with Comparisons....................... 4 Prices Received Indexes, 2011 Base by Month for Selected Groups - United States: 2017 and 2018............. 4 Prices Paid Indexes, 2011 Base by Month for Selected Groups - United States: 2017 and 2018................. 5 Prices Received for Field Crops and Fruits - United States: April 2018 with Comparisons.................... 6 Prices Received for Vegetables and Livestock - United States: April 2018 with Comparisons.................. 7 Prices Received for All Wheat, Corn, and Soybeans by Month - United States: 2018 with Comparisons.......... 8 Prices Received for Beef Cattle and All Hogs by Month - United States: 2018 with Comparisons............... 8 Prices Received for All Wheat - States and United States: April 2018 with Comparisons...................... 9 Prices Received for Winter Wheat - States and United States: April 2018 with Comparisons................... 9 Prices Received for Durum Wheat - States and United States: April 2018 with Comparisons.................... 10 Prices Received for Spring Wheat - States and United States: April 2018 with Comparisons................... 10 Prices Received for Oats - States and United States: April 2018 with Comparisons........................... 10 Prices Received for All Barley - States and United States: April 2018 with Comparisons..................... 11 Prices Received for Malting Barley - States and United States: April 2018 with Comparisons................. 11 Prices Received for Feed Barley - States and United States: April 2018 with Comparisons.................... 11 Prices Received for Sorghum Grain - States and United States: April 2018 with Comparisons.................. 11 Prices Received for Corn - States and United States: April 2018 with Comparisons........................... 12 Prices Received for Soybeans - States and United States: April 2018 with Comparisons....................... 13 Prices Received for Dry Beans - States and United States: April 2018 with Comparisons...................... 13 Prices Received for Peanuts (in shell) - States and United States: April 2018 with Comparisons............. 14 Prices Received for Sunflower - States and United States: April 2018 with Comparisons...................... 14 Prices Received for Canola - States and United States: April 2018 with Comparisons......................... 14 Prices Received for Flaxseed - States and United States: April 2018 with Comparisons....................... 14 Prices Received for Upland Cotton and Cottonseed - States and United States: April 2018 with Comparisons... 15 Prices Received and Marketings for Upland Cotton and Rice - United States: April 2018 with Comparisons..... 15 Prices Received for Hay by Type - States and United States: April 2018 with Comparisons.................... 16 Prices Received for Apples - States and United States: April 2018 with Comparisons......................... 17 Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization - States and United States: April 2017.................... 17 Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization - States and United States: March 2018.................... 18 Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization - States and United States: April 2018.................... 19 Prices Received for All Milk - States and United States: April 2018 with Comparisons....................... 20 Prices Received for Milk Cows - States and United States: April 2018 with Comparisons...................... 20 Commodity Parity Prices and Price as Percent of Parity Price - United States: April 2018 with Comparisons.. 21 Commodity Parity Prices - United States: April 2018 with Comparisons....................................... 22 Market Year for Specified Commodities...................................................................... 24 Tobacco Market Year Average Prices Received - States and United States: Marketing Years 2015-2017.......... 24 Tobacco Market Year Average Prices Received by Class and Type - States and United States: Marketing Years 2015-2017......................................................................................... 25 Reliability of Prices Received Estimates................................................................... 26 Prices Paid by Farmers..................................................................................... 27 Prices Paid Indexes and Related Parity Ratios - United States: April 2018 with Comparisons................. 28 Prices Paid Indexes and Annual Weights for Input Components and Sub-components - United States: April 2018 with Comparisons............................................................................. 29 Feed Price Ratios - United States: April 2018 with Comparisons............................................. 30 Prices Received Used to Calculate Feed Price Ratios - United States: April 2018 with Comparisons........... 30 Prices Paid for Feeder Livestock - United States: April 2018 with Comparisons.............................. 30 Feed Ratios Monthly and Annual Average - United States: 2014 - 2018........................................ 31 Reliability of Prices Paid Estimates....................................................................... 32 Information Contacts....................................................................................... 33 April Prices Received by Farmers The April Prices Received Index for agricultural production is 92.8 percent of its 2011 base, down 2.2 percent from the March 2018 index and 3.1 percent from the April 2017 index. Crop production: The April index, at 88.0, is 0.6 percent higher than March but 3.1 percent lower than April 2017. The increases in the grain & oilseed and other crop indexes more than offset the decreases in the vegetable & melon and fruit & tree nut indexes. Grain and oilseed: The April index, at 69.5, is up 1.6 percent from March and 8.1 percent from April 2017. Both feed grain and food grain indexes are higher than previous month. Feed grain: The April index, at 59.9, increased 1.7 percent from last month and 4.4 percent from a year ago. The corn price, at $3.58 per bushel, is up 7 cents from last month and 15 cents from April 2017. At $6.12 per cwt, sorghum grain is 12 cents above March and $1.22 above April a year earlier. Food grain: At 78.8, the index for April is up 2.6 percent from the previous month and 24 percent from a year ago. The April price for all wheat, at $5.29 per bushel, is 19 cents higher than March and $1.13 higher than April 2017. Oilseed: At 79.1, the index for April is unchanged from March but 5.9 percent higher than April 2017. The soybean price, at $9.83 per bushel, is 2 cents higher than March and 50 cents higher than April a year earlier. Fruit and tree nut: The April index, at 120.7, is down 3.0 percent from March but up 8.8 percent from a year earlier. Price decreases during April for strawberries, lemons, and oranges more than offset price increases for grapefruit. Vegetable and melon: At 95.3, the index for April decreased 19 percent from the previous month and 40 percent from April 2017. Price decreases in April for lettuce, tomatoes, cauliflower, and broccoli more than offset price increases for onions, celery, and sweet corn. Other crop: The April index, at 81.5, is up 2.1 percent from the previous month and 3.7 from percent April 2017. The all hay price, at $162 per ton, is $14 higher than March and $19 higher than April 2017. At 66.7 cents per pound, the price for upland cotton is 1.0 cent lower than March and 2.6 cents lower than April 2017. Livestock production: The index for April, at 95.8, decreased 4.0 percent the previous month and 3.7 percent from April a year earlier. Compared with a year ago, prices are higher for market eggs, broilers, and calves. Prices for cattle, milk, turkeys, and hogs are lower than a year earlier. Meat animal: At 96.3, the April index decreased 5.4 percent from the previous month and 7.3 percent from a year earlier. At $45.30 per cwt, the April hog price is $4.70 lower than March and $3.10 lower than a year earlier. The April beef cattle price of $119.00 per cwt is $6.00 lower than the previous month and $9.00 lower than April 2017. Dairy: The index for April, at 78.6, is up 1.3 percent from the previous month but down 4.3 percent from April a year ago. The April all milk price of $15.80 per cwt is 20 cents higher than March but 70 cents lower than April 2017. Poultry and egg: At 129.4, the April index decreased 7.7 percent from March but increased 24 percent from April 2017. The April market egg price, at $1.01 per dozen, is 94.0 cents lower than March but 63.2 cents higher than April 2017. The April broiler price, at 65.0 cents per pound, is 5.0 cents higher than March and 8.0 cents higher than a year ago. At 50.0 cents per pound, the April turkey price is 0.1 cents higher than the previous month but 16.6 cents lower than April 2017. Prices Received Indexes, 2011 Base - United States: April 2018 with Comparisons [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] -------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2011 Base :----------------------------------- : April : March : April Index Group : 2017 : 2018 : 2018 -------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : Agricultural production ........: 95.8 94.9 92.8 Crop production ..............: 90.8 87.5 88.0 Grain and oilseed ..........: 64.3 68.4 69.5 Feed grain ...............: 57.4 58.9 59.9 Food grain ...............: 63.7 76.8 78.8 Oilseed ..................: 74.7 79.1 79.1 Fruit and tree nut .........: 110.9 124.4 120.7 Vegetable and melon ........: 158.7 117.7 95.3 Other crop .................: 78.6 79.8 81.5 : Livestock production .........: 99.5 99.8 95.8 Meat animal ................: 103.9 101.8 96.3 Cattle ...................: 111.7 109.7 104.6 Hog ......................: 72.8 75.2 68.1 Dairy ......................: 82.1 77.6 78.6 Poultry and egg ............: 104.3 140.2 129.4 : Food commodity .................: 100.9 99.8 96.0 -------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received Indexes, 1910-1914 Base - United States: April 2018 with Comparisons [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] -------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1910 - 1914 Base :----------------------------------- : April : March : April Index Group : 2017 : 2018 : 2018 -------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : Agricultural production ........: 989 980 957 Crop production ..............: 792 763 768 Livestock production .........: 1155 1159 1112 -------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received Indexes, 2011 Base by Month for Selected Groups - United States: 2017 and 2018 [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2011 Base :--------------------------------------------------------------- Month : Agricultural : Crop : Livestock : Food : production : production : production : commodities :--------------------------------------------------------------- : 2017 : 2018 : 2017 : 2018 : 2017 : 2018 : 2017 : 2018 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent percent percent percent : January .......: 85.7 85.9 76.9 78.2 96.5 94.5 93.0 92.5 February ......: 91.0 90.8 84.8 86.2 96.0 94.2 96.2 95.2 March .........: 94.1 94.9 85.6 87.5 100.5 99.8 99.8 99.8 April .........: 95.8 92.8 90.8 88.0 99.5 95.8 100.9 96.0 May ...........: 98.1 86.1 106.8 103.7 June ..........: 98.1 86.8 107.2 104.0 July ..........: 95.2 86.2 103.9 100.5 August ........: 93.6 87.6 98.5 98.3 September .....: 91.9 88.6 94.8 96.6 October .......: 87.2 81.8 94.3 93.0 November ......: 91.0 81.0 101.8 100.1 December ......: 91.6 83.6 99.6 98.8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Paid Indexes, 2011 Base by Month for Selected Groups - United States: 2017 and 2018 [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2011 Base :--------------------------------------------------------------- Month : All items : : Crop : Livestock : (PPITW) : Production : sector : sector :--------------------------------------------------------------- : 2017 : 2018 : 2017 : 2018 : 2017 : 2018 : 2017 : 2018 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -- percent -- -- percent -- -- percent -- -- percent -- : January .......: 106.0 108.0 103.8 105.2 107.8 109.3 104.1 106.6 February ......: 106.5 108.8 104.4 106.1 108.4 109.5 104.4 107.9 March .........: 106.6 109.0 104.6 106.3 108.4 109.9 104.8 108.0 April .........: 106.8 108.6 104.9 106.0 108.5 109.6 105.1 107.4 May ...........: 106.9 105.0 108.2 105.4 June ..........: 106.7 104.7 108.2 105.1 July ..........: 106.5 104.5 107.9 105.1 August ........: 105.7 103.4 107.6 103.8 September .....: 106.1 103.8 107.8 104.4 October .......: 106.8 104.6 108.0 105.6 November ......: 107.1 105.0 108.3 105.9 December ......: 107.1 105.0 108.0 106.1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received for Field Crops and Fruits - United States: April 2018 with Comparisons ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 2011 : : : Commodity : Base Price : April 2017 : March 2018 : April 2018 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Field crops : Austrian winter peas .........dollars/cwt: 19.50 19.30 (S) (D) Barley, all ...............dollars/bushel: 4.79 4.87 4.46 4.44 Feed .....................dollars/bushel: 4.59 2.64 2.90 3.08 Malting ..................dollars/bushel: 4.83 5.13 4.60 4.73 Beans, dry edible ............dollars/cwt: 34.60 32.70 26.20 26.10 Canola .......................dollars/cwt: 23.10 18.00 18.00 17.50 Chickpeas, all ...............dollars/cwt: 35.70 33.20 28.70 39.40 Large .......................dollars/cwt: 39.20 35.30 36.20 43.60 Small .......................dollars/cwt: 23.40 27.20 23.10 34.90 Corn ......................dollars/bushel: 6.02 3.43 3.51 3.58 : Cotton, Upland .............dollars/pound: 0.880 0.693 0.677 0.667 Cottonseed ...................dollars/ton: 131.00 (NA) (NA) (NA) Flaxseed ..................dollars/bushel: 14.20 8.03 9.76 9.92 Hay, all, baled ..............dollars/ton: 159.00 143.00 148.00 162.00 Alfalfa .....................dollars/ton: 176.00 150.00 166.00 183.00 Other .......................dollars/ton: 119.00 131.00 123.00 124.00 Lentils ......................dollars/cwt: 27.50 29.80 23.50 21.20 Oats ......................dollars/bushel: 3.42 2.32 2.80 2.93 Peanuts, in-shell ..........dollars/pound: 0.252 0.198 0.251 0.239 Peas, dry edible .............dollars/cwt: 13.60 11.50 11.30 11.20 : Rice, all ....................dollars/cwt: 13.70 10.10 12.70 12.90 Long ........................dollars/cwt: 12.30 9.20 11.90 12.00 Medium and short ............dollars/cwt: 18.40 13.20 15.60 15.60 Sorghum grain ................dollars/cwt: 10.70 4.90 6.00 6.12 Soybeans ..................dollars/bushel: 12.50 9.33 9.81 9.83 Sunflowers, all ..............dollars/cwt: 29.00 17.90 17.30 18.00 : Wheat, all ................dollars/bushel: 7.44 4.16 5.10 5.29 Winter ...................dollars/bushel: 6.93 3.70 4.73 4.90 Durum ....................dollars/bushel: 9.22 5.90 5.67 5.66 Other spring .............dollars/bushel: 8.33 4.83 5.74 5.78 Hard red winter ..........dollars/bushel: 7.07 3.52 4.71 4.83 Soft red winter ..........dollars/bushel: 6.77 4.19 4.86 4.92 Hard red spring ..........dollars/bushel: 8.38 4.89 5.84 5.85 White ....................dollars/bushel: 6.58 4.11 4.74 5.02 : Fruits : Citrus, equivalent on-tree : Grapefruit ..................dollars/box: 7.47 13.62 11.78 12.55 Lemons ......................dollars/box: 12.30 27.10 21.57 18.20 Oranges .....................dollars/box: 8.16 11.81 14.96 14.20 : Non-citrus, fresh : Apples 1/ .................dollars/pound: 0.325 0.353 0.337 0.326 Grapes 1/ ...................dollars/ton: 628.00 (S) (S) (S) Peaches 1/ ..................dollars/ton: 507.00 (S) (S) (S) Pears 1/ ....................dollars/ton: 559.00 668.00 777.00 677.00 Strawberries ................dollars/cwt: 104.00 66.60 118.00 105.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1/ Equivalent packinghouse-door returns for California, Michigan, New York (apples only), Pennsylvania (apples only), and Washington (apples, peaches, and pears). Prices as sold for other states. Prices Received for Vegetables and Livestock - United States: April 2018 with Comparisons [Price data source for potato, livestock, and poultry commodities is United States Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Marketing Service] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 2011 : : : Commodity : Base Price : April 2017 : March 2018 : April 2018 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Vegetables, fresh 1/ : Asparagus ....................dollars/cwt: 37.50 126.00 165.00 105.00 Beans, snap ..................dollars/cwt: 69.00 67.10 45.90 66.50 Broccoli .....................dollars/cwt: 41.60 95.60 46.80 39.70 Cantaloupes ..................dollars/cwt: 16.50 (S) (S) (S) Carrots ......................dollars/cwt: 30.80 27.80 27.90 27.30 Cauliflower ..................dollars/cwt: 47.00 136.00 87.60 60.80 Celery .......................dollars/cwt: 22.50 39.30 25.20 30.70 Corn, sweet ..................dollars/cwt: 30.70 30.80 26.90 32.60 Cucumbers ....................dollars/cwt: 18.70 34.30 33.40 32.70 Lettuce ......................dollars/cwt: 24.30 82.50 46.70 25.50 Onions 2/ ....................dollars/cwt: 11.90 14.00 11.60 14.80 Potatoes .....................dollars/cwt: 14.30 8.40 11.10 11.20 Tomatoes .....................dollars/cwt: 51.20 32.90 40.00 25.70 : Livestock : Calves .......................dollars/cwt: 142.00 164.00 175.00 170.00 Cattle, all beef .............dollars/cwt: 115.00 128.00 125.00 119.00 Cows 3/ .....................dollars/cwt: 71.60 72.20 68.90 67.50 Steers and heifers ..........dollars/cwt: 117.00 130.00 127.00 122.00 Milk cows 4/ ................dollars/head: 1,420.00 1,640.00 (NA) 1,360.00 Hogs, all ....................dollars/cwt: 66.50 48.40 50.00 45.30 Barrows and gilts ...........dollars/cwt: 66.80 48.70 50.00 45.50 Sows ........................dollars/cwt: 57.90 42.70 47.70 40.20 : Dairy and poultry : Milk, all 5/ .................dollars/cwt: 20.10 16.50 15.60 15.80 Fat test ........................percent: 3.71 3.82 3.90 3.87 Broilers, live 6/ ..........dollars/pound: 0.459 0.570 0.600 0.650 Eggs, all 7/ ...............dollars/dozen: 0.969 0.633 2.01 1.20 Market 7/ 8/ ..............dollars/dozen: 0.796 0.378 1.95 1.01 Turkeys, live 9/ ...........dollars/pound: 0.680 0.666 0.499 0.500 : Adjusted for seasonal variation : Eggs, all ..................dollars/dozen: 0.979 0.748 1.92 1.44 Seasonal factor .................percent: 101 85 105 84 Milk, all ....................dollars/cwt: 20.20 17.10 16.30 16.40 Seasonal factor .................percent: 100 96 96 96 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1/ Point of first sale. 2/ Includes some processing. 3/ Beef cows and cull dairy cows sold for slaughter. 4/ Animals sold for dairy herd replacement only. Prices available for January, April, July, and October. 5/ Before deductions for hauling. Includes quality, quantity, and other premiums. Excludes hauling subsidies. 6/ Live weight equivalent price. 7/ Mid-month price. 8/ Also referred to as table eggs. 9/ Live weight equivalent price is used when actual live weight price is not available. Beginning January 2011, price reflects FOB shipping point basis. Prior year price reflects delivered basis. Prices Received for All Wheat, Corn, and Soybeans by Month - United States: 2018 with Comparisons [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : All wheat : Corn : Soybeans Month :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2016 : 2017 : 2018 : 2016 : 2017 : 2018 : 2016 : 2017 : 2018 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : dollars per bushel : January ....: 4.82 4.01 4.69 3.66 3.40 3.29 8.71 9.71 9.30 February ...: 4.61 4.16 4.92 3.58 3.44 3.38 8.51 9.86 9.49 March ......: 4.40 4.37 5.10 3.56 3.49 3.51 8.56 9.69 9.81 April ......: 4.46 4.16 5.29 3.56 3.43 3.58 9.01 9.33 9.83 May ........: 4.45 4.05 3.68 3.45 9.76 9.29 June .......: 4.20 4.37 3.82 3.43 10.20 9.10 July .......: 3.75 4.77 3.60 3.49 10.20 9.42 August .....: 3.68 4.83 3.21 3.27 9.93 9.24 September ..: 3.48 4.65 3.22 3.27 9.41 9.35 October ....: 3.68 4.64 3.29 3.26 9.30 9.18 November ...: 3.88 4.73 3.24 3.15 9.47 9.22 December ...: 3.90 4.51 3.32 3.23 9.64 9.30 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Prices Received for Beef Cattle and All Hogs by Month - United States: 2018 with Comparisons [Price data source for livestock commodities is United States Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Marketing Service. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Beef cattle 1/ : All hogs 2/ Month :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2016 : 2017 : 2018 : 2016 : 2017 : 2018 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per cwt : January ..: 130.00 117.00 120.00 43.60 48.10 52.50 February .: 132.00 119.00 125.00 49.60 54.40 54.60 March ....: 135.00 125.00 125.00 50.00 53.00 50.00 April ....: 131.00 128.00 119.00 51.00 48.40 45.30 May ......: 128.00 136.00 57.20 53.60 June .....: 125.00 132.00 60.60 62.10 July .....: 119.00 120.00 59.40 67.30 August ...: 117.00 114.00 52.60 61.50 September : 108.00 105.00 47.80 48.90 October ..: 101.00 109.00 41.70 47.30 November .: 104.00 119.00 39.00 50.00 December .: 111.00 118.00 43.10 48.60 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Cows and steers & heifers. 2/ Barrows & gilts and sows. Prices Received for All Wheat - States and United States: April 2018 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : April 2017 : March 2018 : April 2018 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Arizona ............: (S) (D) (D) Arkansas ...........: (D) (D) (D) California .........: (D) (D) 5.22 Colorado ...........: 3.13 4.31 4.44 Idaho ..............: 4.51 4.73 4.86 Illinois ...........: 4.25 4.87 4.85 Indiana ............: 4.15 4.97 4.66 Kansas .............: 3.36 4.49 4.44 Michigan ...........: 4.31 4.72 5.01 Minnesota ..........: 4.68 5.72 5.80 : Missouri ...........: 3.97 4.82 4.95 Montana ............: 4.52 5.35 5.58 Nebraska ...........: 3.19 4.52 4.58 North Carolina .....: 4.79 4.97 4.97 North Dakota .......: 4.95 5.65 5.58 Ohio ...............: 4.09 4.90 4.90 Oklahoma ...........: 3.40 4.49 4.46 Oregon .............: 4.42 5.42 5.50 South Dakota .......: 4.24 5.68 5.75 Texas ..............: 3.75 4.64 5.05 Washington .........: 4.12 4.92 5.34 : United States ......: 4.16 5.10 5.29 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Winter Wheat - States and United States: April 2018 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : April 2017 : March 2018 : April 2018 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Arkansas ...........: (D) (D) (D) California .........: (D) (D) 5.22 Colorado ...........: 3.13 4.31 4.44 Idaho ..............: 4.14 4.58 4.80 Illinois ...........: 4.25 4.87 4.85 Indiana ............: 4.15 4.97 4.66 Kansas .............: 3.36 4.49 4.44 Michigan ...........: 4.31 4.72 5.01 Minnesota ..........: (D) (D) (D) Missouri ...........: 3.97 4.82 4.95 : Montana ............: 3.92 4.96 5.18 Nebraska ...........: 3.19 4.52 4.58 North Carolina .....: 4.79 4.97 4.97 North Dakota .......: 3.80 4.15 4.25 Ohio ...............: 4.09 4.90 4.90 Oklahoma ...........: 3.40 4.49 4.46 Oregon .............: 4.39 5.34 5.42 South Dakota .......: 3.76 5.43 5.38 Texas ..............: 3.75 4.64 5.05 Washington .........: 4.03 4.80 5.08 : United States ......: 3.70 4.73 4.90 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Prices Received for Durum Wheat - States and United States: April 2018 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : April 2017 : March 2018 : April 2018 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Arizona ............: (S) (D) (D) California .........: (S) (S) (S) Idaho ..............: (D) (D) (D) Montana ............: 5.97 6.22 (D) North Dakota .......: 5.62 5.22 5.58 : United States ......: 5.90 5.67 5.66 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Spring Wheat - States and United States: April 2018 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : April 2017 : March 2018 : April 2018 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Colorado ...........: (D) (S) (D) Idaho ..............: 4.76 5.04 5.01 Minnesota ..........: 4.68 5.76 5.80 Montana ............: 5.00 6.31 6.27 North Dakota .......: 4.76 5.70 5.59 Oregon .............: 4.59 5.90 5.99 South Dakota .......: 5.04 6.04 6.13 Washington .........: 4.61 5.56 6.14 : United States ......: 4.83 5.74 5.78 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Oats - States and United States: April 2018 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : April 2017 : March 2018 : April 2018 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Illinois ...........: (S) (D) (S) Iowa ...............: 2.95 3.10 2.78 Michigan ...........: 2.64 3.34 3.48 Minnesota ..........: 2.12 2.29 2.31 Montana ............: (D) (S) (D) Nebraska ...........: 2.95 (D) 3.08 New York ...........: (S) (D) (S) North Dakota .......: 1.95 2.46 2.49 Oregon .............: (S) (S) (S) Pennsylvania .......: (D) 4.19 4.02 South Dakota .......: 2.13 2.58 2.58 Texas ..............: (S) (S) (S) Wisconsin ..........: 2.55 3.31 3.24 : United States ......: 2.32 2.80 2.93 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for All Barley - States and United States: April 2018 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : April 2017 : March 2018 : April 2018 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : California .........: (D) (S) (S) Colorado ...........: 5.38 (D) 4.49 Idaho ..............: 5.44 4.52 (D) Minnesota ..........: 3.94 4.44 4.12 Montana ............: 5.15 4.49 4.32 North Dakota .......: 4.24 4.32 4.13 Washington .........: 2.36 3.16 3.54 Wyoming ............: (D) (D) (D) : United States ......: 4.87 4.46 4.44 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Malting Barley - States and United States: April 2018 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : April 2017 : March 2018 : April 2018 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : California .........: (D) (S) (S) Colorado ...........: 5.64 4.73 (D) Idaho ..............: 5.64 4.78 (D) Minnesota ..........: 4.25 4.45 4.17 Montana ............: 5.28 4.51 4.50 North Dakota .......: 4.48 4.59 4.54 Washington .........: (S) (D) (D) Wyoming ............: (S) (D) (D) : United States ......: 5.13 4.60 4.73 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Feed Barley - States and United States: April 2018 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : April 2017 : March 2018 : April 2018 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : California .........: (D) (S) (S) Colorado ...........: (D) (D) (D) Idaho ..............: 2.93 3.04 3.42 Minnesota ..........: (D) 2.60 (D) Montana ............: 2.44 2.77 2.73 North Dakota .......: 2.53 2.81 3.07 Washington .........: 2.36 2.86 2.78 Wyoming ............: (D) (S) (S) : United States ......: 2.64 2.90 3.08 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Sorghum Grain - States and United States: April 2018 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : April 2017 : March 2018 : April 2018 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per cwt : Arkansas ...........: (S) (S) (S) Kansas .............: 4.86 5.93 6.03 Louisiana ..........: (D) (S) (S) Missouri ...........: 5.16 6.19 (D) Nebraska ...........: 4.81 5.95 5.81 Oklahoma ...........: 4.67 6.37 6.11 Texas ..............: 5.80 6.52 6.47 : United States ......: 4.90 6.00 6.12 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Corn - States and United States: April 2018 with Comparisons --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : April 2017 : March 2018 : April 2018 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Alabama 1/ .............: (NA) 4.16 4.26 Alaska 1/ ..............: (NA) (S) (S) Arizona 1/ .............: (NA) (D) (D) Arkansas 1/ ............: (NA) 3.75 3.82 California 1/ ..........: (NA) (D) (S) Colorado ...............: 3.41 3.49 3.56 Connecticut 1/ .........: (NA) (S) (S) Delaware 1/ ............: (NA) (D) (D) Florida 1/ .............: (NA) (D) (D) Georgia 1/ .............: (NA) 4.59 (D) : Hawaii 1/ ..............: (NA) (S) (S) Idaho 1/ ...............: (NA) 4.27 4.33 Illinois ...............: 3.53 3.57 3.61 Indiana ................: 3.77 3.72 3.80 Iowa ...................: 3.34 3.43 3.52 Kansas .................: 3.34 3.51 3.57 Kentucky ...............: 3.82 3.81 3.87 Louisiana 1/ ...........: (NA) 3.76 3.82 Maine 1/ ...............: (NA) (S) (S) Maryland 1/ ............: (NA) 4.08 3.98 : Massachusetts 1/ .......: (NA) (S) (S) Michigan ...............: 3.58 3.59 3.74 Minnesota ..............: 3.24 3.37 3.38 Mississippi 1/ .........: (NA) 3.81 (D) Missouri ...............: 3.51 3.54 3.61 Montana 1/ .............: (NA) (D) (D) Nebraska ...............: 3.37 3.50 3.59 Nevada 1/ ..............: (NA) (S) (S) New Hampshire 1/ .......: (NA) (S) (S) New Jersey 1/ ..........: (NA) (D) (D) : New Mexico 1/ ..........: (NA) (D) (D) New York 1/ ............: (NA) 4.13 4.13 North Carolina .........: 4.43 4.36 4.48 North Dakota ...........: 3.10 3.08 3.19 Ohio ...................: 3.67 3.79 3.83 Oklahoma 1/ ............: (NA) 3.81 3.83 Oregon 1/ ..............: (NA) (D) (D) Pennsylvania ...........: 4.29 4.03 4.07 Rhode Island 1/ ........: (NA) (S) (S) South Carolina 1/ ......: (NA) 4.28 (D) : South Dakota ...........: 3.15 3.24 3.29 Tennessee ..............: 3.78 3.78 3.95 Texas ..................: 3.56 4.03 3.86 Utah 1/ ................: (NA) (D) (D) Vermont 1/ .............: (NA) (S) (S) Virginia 1/ ............: (NA) 4.15 4.27 Washington 1/ ..........: (NA) 4.13 4.13 West Virginia 1/ .......: (NA) (D) (D) Wisconsin ..............: 3.39 3.46 3.52 Wyoming 1/ .............: (NA) (S) (D) : United States 2/ .......: 3.43 3.51 3.58 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1/ States added September 2017. 2/ United States price includes Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, and Wisconsin. Prices Received for Soybeans - States and United States: April 2018 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : April 2017 : March 2018 : April 2018 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Arkansas ...........: (D) 10.10 10.10 Illinois ...........: 9.63 10.00 10.00 Indiana ............: 9.51 10.10 10.30 Iowa ...............: 9.29 9.64 9.75 Kansas .............: 8.88 9.57 9.56 Kentucky ...........: 9.76 10.10 10.20 Louisiana ..........: (D) 10.00 (D) Michigan ...........: 9.70 9.99 10.00 Minnesota ..........: 9.37 9.91 9.47 Mississippi ........: 9.61 10.10 10.00 : Missouri ...........: 9.43 9.86 9.98 Nebraska ...........: 8.87 9.59 9.63 North Carolina .....: 9.63 10.10 10.10 North Dakota .......: 8.51 9.29 9.32 Ohio ...............: 9.51 10.10 10.30 South Dakota .......: 8.72 9.36 9.49 Tennessee ..........: 9.54 10.10 10.10 Wisconsin ..........: 9.33 9.80 9.77 : United States ......: 9.33 9.81 9.83 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Prices Received for Dry Beans - States and United States: April 2018 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : April 2017 : March 2018 : April 2018 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per cwt : California .........: 56.70 67.50 72.40 Colorado ...........: (D) 22.60 23.30 Idaho ..............: 32.60 24.60 35.10 Michigan ...........: 34.70 29.30 (D) Minnesota ..........: 30.10 (D) 24.60 Nebraska ...........: (D) (D) (D) North Dakota .......: 28.40 21.50 23.90 : United States ......: 32.70 26.20 26.10 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Prices Received for Peanuts (in shell) - States and United States: April 2018 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : April 2017 : March 2018 : April 2018 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per pound : Alabama ............: 0.202 0.226 0.220 Arkansas ...........: 0.187 0.208 0.196 Florida ............: 0.193 0.225 0.217 Georgia ............: 0.191 0.220 0.223 Mississippi ........: 0.187 0.213 0.188 New Mexico .........: (S) (S) (S) North Carolina .....: (D) 0.242 (D) Oklahoma ...........: 0.211 0.245 0.244 South Carolina .....: 0.193 0.227 0.216 Texas ..............: 0.218 0.385 0.320 Virginia ...........: 0.208 0.211 0.238 : United States ......: 0.198 0.251 0.239 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Sunflower - States and United States: April 2018 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : April 2017 : March 2018 : April 2018 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per cwt : Kansas .............: (D) (D) 18.70 Minnesota ..........: 19.20 (D) 19.00 North Dakota .......: 18.10 17.70 18.30 South Dakota .......: 17.20 17.00 17.30 : United States ......: 17.90 17.30 18.00 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Prices Received for Canola - States and United States: April 2018 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : April 2017 : March 2018 : April 2018 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per cwt : Minnesota ..........: (S) (D) (S) Montana ............: (D) 17.70 17.40 North Dakota .......: 18.20 18.00 17.50 Oklahoma ...........: (S) (S) (S) : United States ......: 18.00 18.00 17.50 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Flaxseed - States and United States: April 2018 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : April 2017 : March 2018 : April 2018 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : North Dakota .......: 8.03 9.76 9.92 : United States ......: 8.03 9.76 9.92 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received for Upland Cotton and Cottonseed - States and United States: April 2018 with Comparisons [Cottonseed marketing year August - February] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Cotton, Upland : Cottonseed State :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : April : March : April : April : March : April : 2017 : 2018 : 2018 : 2017 : 2018 : 2018 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -------- dollars per pound -------- -------- dollars per ton ------- : Alabama ............: (D) 0.701 (D) (NA) (NA) (NA) Arizona ............: (D) (D) (S) (NA) (NA) (NA) Arkansas ...........: 0.720 0.740 (D) (NA) (NA) (NA) California .........: (D) (S) (S) (NA) (NA) (NA) Georgia ............: (D) 0.715 0.725 (NA) (NA) (NA) Louisiana ..........: 0.722 (D) (D) (NA) (NA) (NA) Mississippi ........: (D) (D) (D) (NA) (NA) (NA) North Carolina .....: 0.698 0.717 (D) (NA) (NA) (NA) Tennessee ..........: 0.709 0.717 0.699 (NA) (NA) (NA) Texas ..............: 0.683 0.664 0.634 (NA) (NA) (NA) : United States ......: 0.693 0.677 0.667 (NA) (NA) (NA) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received and Marketings for Upland Cotton and Rice - United States: April 2018 with Comparisons ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Item : April 2017 : March 2018 : April 2018 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Cotton, Upland : Average price ......dollars/pound: 0.693 0.677 0.667 Marketings 1/ ........1,000 bales: 793 1,092 769 : Rice, all : Average price ........dollars/cwt: 10.10 12.70 12.90 Marketings 2/ ..........1,000 cwt: 18,353 13,658 13,008 : Rice, long : Average price ........dollars/cwt: 9.20 11.90 12.00 Marketings 2/ ..........1,000 cwt: 14,382 10,966 10,013 : Rice, medium and short : California : Average price ........dollars/cwt: 14.00 17.90 17.10 : Other States 3/ : Average price ........dollars/cwt: 10.10 12.30 12.80 : United States : Average price ........dollars/cwt: 13.20 15.60 15.60 Marketings 2/ ..........1,000 cwt: 3,971 2,692 2,995 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Marketings based on a survey of cotton buyers in the major producing States - Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Texas. 2/ Purchases by private firms and rice (rough equivalent) shipped by cooperatives. 3/ Other States include Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, and Texas. Prices Received for Hay by Type - States and United States: April 2018 with Comparisons ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : All hay : Alfalfa hay : Other hay State :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : April : March : April : April : March : April : April : March : April : 2017 : 2018 : 2018 : 2017 : 2018 : 2018 : 2017 : 2018 : 2018 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per ton : Alabama 1/ ...........: (NA) 94.00 101.00 (NA) (S) (S) (NA) (S) (S) Alaska 1/ ............: (NA) 360.00 340.00 (NA) (S) (S) (NA) 360.00 340.00 Arizona ..............: 170.00 200.00 210.00 170.00 200.00 210.00 160.00 200.00 200.00 Arkansas 1/ ..........: (NA) 98.00 98.00 (NA) 187.00 (S) (NA) 97.00 (S) California ...........: 174.00 190.00 193.00 180.00 205.00 205.00 145.00 135.00 135.00 Colorado .............: 171.00 189.00 190.00 170.00 190.00 190.00 175.00 180.00 190.00 Connecticut 1/ .......: (NA) 164.00 (S) (NA) 189.00 (S) (NA) 159.00 (S) Delaware 1/ ..........: (NA) (S) (S) (NA) (S) (S) (NA) (S) (S) Florida 1/ ...........: (NA) 140.00 136.00 (NA) (S) (S) (NA) (S) (S) Georgia 1/ ...........: (NA) 83.00 75.00 (NA) (S) (S) (NA) (S) (S) : Hawaii 1/ ............: (NA) (S) (S) (NA) (S) (S) (NA) (S) (S) Idaho ................: 130.00 141.00 141.00 130.00 140.00 140.00 140.00 155.00 160.00 Illinois .............: 137.00 150.00 143.00 150.00 160.00 155.00 90.00 110.00 100.00 Indiana 1/ ...........: (NA) 177.00 191.00 (NA) 195.00 215.00 (NA) 155.00 170.00 Iowa .................: 85.00 124.00 136.00 89.00 127.00 142.00 75.00 116.00 122.00 Kansas ...............: 92.00 133.00 139.00 103.00 154.00 159.00 69.00 90.00 96.00 Kentucky .............: 134.00 151.00 157.00 215.00 215.00 215.00 105.00 125.00 130.00 Louisiana 1/ .........: (NA) 97.00 97.00 (NA) (S) (S) (NA) 97.00 97.00 Maine 1/ .............: (NA) 152.00 (S) (NA) 178.00 (S) (NA) 117.00 (S) Maryland 1/ ..........: (NA) 137.00 (S) (NA) 160.00 (S) (NA) 119.00 (S) : Massachusetts 1/ .....: (NA) (S) (S) (NA) (S) (S) (NA) (S) (S) Michigan .............: 132.00 153.00 188.00 140.00 160.00 200.00 115.00 130.00 160.00 Minnesota ............: 72.00 124.00 146.00 76.00 130.00 156.00 56.00 102.00 127.00 Mississippi 1/ .......: (NA) 91.00 91.00 (NA) (S) (S) (NA) 91.00 91.00 Missouri .............: 104.00 102.00 102.00 160.00 155.00 150.00 85.00 90.00 90.00 Montana ..............: 130.00 147.00 156.00 130.00 150.00 160.00 130.00 130.00 135.00 Nebraska .............: 76.00 102.00 98.00 81.00 113.00 110.00 67.00 79.00 74.00 Nevada ...............: 166.00 182.00 177.00 170.00 185.00 180.00 145.00 150.00 150.00 New Hampshire 1/ .....: (NA) 151.00 (S) (NA) 170.00 (S) (NA) 131.00 (S) New Jersey 1/ ........: (NA) (S) 146.00 (NA) (S) (S) (NA) 102.00 122.00 : New Mexico ...........: 186.00 194.00 204.00 190.00 200.00 210.00 160.00 160.00 170.00 New York .............: 195.00 122.00 124.00 240.00 190.00 190.00 193.00 120.00 120.00 North Carolina 1/ ....: (NA) 127.00 (S) (NA) 220.00 (S) (NA) 125.00 (S) North Dakota .........: 76.00 101.00 105.00 80.00 109.00 110.00 52.00 79.00 75.00 Ohio .................: 137.00 151.00 184.00 165.00 190.00 210.00 110.00 115.00 150.00 Oklahoma .............: 103.00 101.00 99.00 120.00 145.00 183.00 101.00 88.00 86.00 Oregon ...............: 150.00 167.00 177.00 150.00 170.00 180.00 150.00 160.00 170.00 Pennsylvania .........: 170.00 156.00 157.00 180.00 178.00 174.00 169.00 150.00 154.00 Rhode Island 1/ ......: (NA) (S) (S) (NA) (S) (S) (NA) (S) (S) South Carolina 1/ ....: (NA) 153.00 154.00 (NA) (S) (S) (NA) 152.00 (S) : South Dakota .........: 84.00 117.00 116.00 87.00 123.00 119.00 76.00 100.00 106.00 Tennessee 1/ .........: (NA) 122.00 122.00 (NA) 210.00 215.00 (NA) 120.00 120.00 Texas ................: 108.00 115.00 121.00 172.00 205.00 211.00 99.00 97.00 106.00 Utah .................: 120.00 150.00 150.00 120.00 150.00 150.00 105.00 125.00 125.00 Vermont 1/ ...........: (NA) 172.00 (S) (NA) 217.00 (S) (NA) (S) (S) Virginia 1/ ..........: (NA) 143.00 153.00 (NA) 215.00 225.00 (NA) 130.00 140.00 Washington ...........: 127.00 179.00 181.00 115.00 170.00 170.00 155.00 200.00 200.00 West Virginia 1/ .....: (NA) (S) (S) (NA) (S) (S) (NA) (S) (S) Wisconsin ............: 89.00 124.00 154.00 93.00 135.00 165.00 70.00 90.00 120.00 Wyoming ..............: 123.00 157.00 162.00 125.00 160.00 165.00 110.00 140.00 140.00 : United States 2/ .....: 143.00 148.00 162.00 150.00 166.00 183.00 131.00 123.00 124.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1/ States added September 2017. 2/ United States price includes Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Washington, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. Prices Received for Apples - States and United States: April 2018 with Comparisons [Equivalent packinghouse-door returns for California, Michigan, New York, Pennsylvania, and Washington. Prices at point of first sale for other States] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Apples, fresh use State :----------------------------------------------------------- : April 2017 : March 2018 : April 2018 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per pound : California .........: (S) (S) (S) Michigan ...........: 0.330 0.350 0.325 New York ...........: 0.403 0.310 0.302 Pennsylvania .......: 0.326 0.330 0.357 Virginia ...........: 0.290 0.240 0.230 Washington .........: 0.350 0.340 0.329 : United States ......: 0.353 0.337 0.326 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization - States and United States: April 2017 [Net pounds per box: grapefruit in California-80, Florida-85, Texas-80; lemons-80; oranges in California-80, Florida-90, Texas-85] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Equivalent returns Commodity, : FOB :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State, : packed : Packinghouse door : On-tree and type : fresh :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : All : Fresh : Process : All : Fresh : Process --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per box : Grapefruit : California ........................: (D) 18.20 (D) (D) 15.50 (D) (D) Florida, all ......................: (S) 10.89 (S) 10.34 7.98 (S) 7.39 White ...........................: (S) 9.08 (S) 8.95 6.23 (S) 6.10 Red .............................: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Texas .............................: 32.60 10.62 21.00 (D) 9.09 19.39 (D) : United States .....................: 30.60 16.37 23.24 (D) 13.62 20.87 (D) : Lemons : Arizona ...........................: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) California ........................: 52.80 33.17 42.97 (D) 27.10 36.58 (D) : United States .....................: 52.80 33.17 42.97 (D) 27.10 36.58 (D) : Oranges : California, all ...................: 31.20 17.56 21.43 (D) 14.81 18.72 (D) Navel and miscellaneous .........: 31.50 17.80 21.77 (D) 15.05 19.06 (D) Valencia ........................: (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) Florida, all ......................: 31.80 13.97 20.65 13.80 10.67 17.35 10.50 Early and mids ..................: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Valencia ........................: 31.80 13.97 20.65 13.80 10.67 17.35 10.50 Texas, all ........................: 33.70 20.48 22.06 (D) 18.66 20.23 (D) Early and mids ..................: 29.20 15.12 17.60 (D) 13.32 15.77 (D) Valencia ........................: 37.30 25.70 25.70 (S) 23.87 23.87 (S) : United States .....................: 31.20 14.95 21.37 12.94 11.81 18.62 9.66 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization - States and United States: March 2018 [Net pounds per box: grapefruit in California-80, Florida-85, Texas-80; lemons-80; oranges in California-80, Florida-90, Texas-85] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Equivalent returns Commodity, : FOB :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State, : packed : Packinghouse door : On-tree and type : fresh :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : All : Fresh : Process : All : Fresh : Process --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per box : Grapefruit : California ........................: (D) 20.84 (D) (D) 18.15 (D) (D) Florida, all ......................: 37.10 18.72 26.35 13.68 15.84 23.75 10.60 White ...........................: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Red .............................: 37.10 18.98 26.30 13.70 16.09 23.70 10.60 Texas .............................: 32.20 10.40 20.60 (D) 8.87 18.99 (D) : United States .....................: 33.10 13.77 22.71 4.57 11.78 20.74 2.56 : Lemons : Arizona ...........................: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) California ........................: 48.40 27.68 38.37 (D) 21.57 31.85 (D) : United States .....................: 48.40 27.68 38.37 (D) 21.57 31.85 (D) : Oranges : California, all ...................: 37.90 23.48 27.98 (D) 20.69 25.22 (D) Navel and miscellaneous .........: 37.90 23.48 27.98 (D) 20.69 25.22 (D) Valencia ........................: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Florida, all ......................: 33.20 14.50 22.04 14.22 11.20 18.74 10.92 Early and mids ..................: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Valencia ........................: 33.20 14.48 22.05 14.20 11.18 18.75 10.90 Texas, all ........................: 36.00 19.55 24.45 (D) 17.76 22.62 (D) Early and mids ..................: 30.90 8.99 19.30 (D) 7.27 17.47 (D) Valencia ........................: 37.20 25.60 25.60 (S) 23.77 23.77 (S) : United States .....................: 37.60 18.04 27.51 12.82 14.96 24.74 9.56 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization - States and United States: April 2018 [Net pounds per box: grapefruit in California-80, Florida-85, Texas-80; lemons-80; oranges in California-80, Florida-90, Texas-85] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Equivalent returns Commodity, : FOB :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State, : packed : Packinghouse door : On-tree and type : fresh :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : All : Fresh : Process : All : Fresh : Process --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per box : Grapefruit : California ........................: (D) 20.79 (D) (D) 18.12 (D) (D) Florida, all ......................: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) White ...........................: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Red .............................: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Texas .............................: 32.20 10.28 20.60 (D) 8.75 18.99 (D) : United States .....................: 32.20 14.55 22.94 (D) 12.55 20.89 (D) : Lemons : Arizona ...........................: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) California ........................: 46.60 24.22 36.57 (D) 18.20 30.05 (D) : United States .....................: 46.60 24.22 36.57 (D) 18.20 30.05 (D) : Oranges : California, all ...................: 37.80 22.56 27.87 (D) 19.76 25.11 (D) Navel and miscellaneous .........: 38.10 22.77 28.18 (D) 19.97 25.42 (D) Valencia ........................: (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) Florida, all ......................: 33.60 14.84 22.45 14.60 11.54 19.15 11.30 Early and mids ..................: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Valencia ........................: 33.60 14.84 22.45 14.60 11.54 19.15 11.30 Texas, all ........................: 36.60 19.10 24.96 (D) 17.31 23.13 (D) Early and mids ..................: (S) 6.20 (S) (D) 4.50 (S) (D) Valencia ........................: 37.20 25.60 25.60 (S) 23.77 23.77 (S) : United States .....................: 37.40 17.33 27.39 13.39 14.20 24.62 10.12 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for All Milk - States and United States: April 2018 with Comparisons [Before deduction for hauling. Includes quality, quantity, and other premiums. Excludes hauling subsidies] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : April 2017 : March 2018 : April 2018 State :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Price :Fat test : Price :Fat test : Price : Fat test ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- :dollars per cwt percent dollars per cwt percent dollars per cwt percent : Arizona ............: 15.50 3.55 14.50 3.68 14.80 3.62 California .........: 15.25 3.82 14.86 3.83 15.26 3.81 Colorado ...........: 17.30 3.69 16.00 3.75 16.20 3.72 Florida ............: 20.50 3.65 18.70 3.65 19.10 3.61 Idaho ..............: 16.10 3.89 15.50 4.05 15.30 3.97 Illinois ...........: 17.30 3.83 15.90 3.94 16.20 3.91 Indiana ............: 16.90 3.72 15.10 3.81 15.30 3.72 Iowa ...............: 17.20 3.86 16.10 3.99 16.30 3.96 Kansas .............: 15.40 3.68 14.80 3.89 15.00 3.87 Michigan ...........: 15.40 3.71 14.10 3.72 14.50 3.65 : Minnesota ..........: 16.70 3.87 16.10 4.00 16.30 3.99 New Mexico .........: 14.80 3.58 14.20 3.71 14.30 3.66 New York ...........: 17.20 3.86 15.80 3.91 16.10 3.90 Ohio ...............: 17.50 3.83 15.80 3.86 16.10 3.76 Oregon .............: 18.50 3.95 18.10 4.04 18.40 3.99 Pennsylvania .......: 17.40 3.83 16.00 3.87 16.40 3.84 South Dakota .......: 17.90 4.07 17.00 4.21 17.30 4.21 Texas ..............: 16.90 3.98 16.30 4.11 16.30 4.07 Utah ...............: 16.50 3.80 15.70 3.92 15.80 3.84 Vermont ............: 17.80 3.88 16.20 3.91 16.70 3.95 : Virginia ...........: 18.20 3.71 16.10 3.82 16.80 3.79 Washington .........: 17.10 3.95 15.80 4.04 16.10 3.99 Wisconsin ..........: 17.20 3.81 16.20 3.92 16.30 3.94 : United States ......: 16.50 3.82 15.60 3.90 15.80 3.87 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received for Milk Cows - States and United States: April 2018 with Comparisons [Animals sold for dairy herd replacement only. Quarterly United States milk cow prices are based on revised milk cow inventory] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : April 2017 : January 2018 : April 2018 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per head : Arizona ............: 1,800.00 1,700.00 1,550.00 California .........: 1,600.00 1,500.00 1,300.00 Colorado ...........: 1,850.00 1,650.00 1,550.00 Florida ............: 1,630.00 1,530.00 1,450.00 Idaho ..............: 1,700.00 1,600.00 1,500.00 Illinois ...........: 1,650.00 1,500.00 1,320.00 Indiana ............: 1,550.00 1,450.00 1,300.00 Iowa ...............: 1,600.00 1,440.00 1,310.00 Kansas .............: 1,750.00 1,600.00 1,550.00 Michigan ...........: 1,650.00 1,500.00 1,300.00 : Minnesota ..........: 1,540.00 1,400.00 1,340.00 New Mexico .........: 1,800.00 1,750.00 1,550.00 New York ...........: 1,480.00 1,450.00 1,230.00 Ohio ...............: 1,550.00 1,450.00 1,200.00 Oregon .............: 1,700.00 1,800.00 1,600.00 Pennsylvania .......: 1,500.00 1,440.00 1,250.00 South Dakota .......: 1,620.00 1,500.00 1,430.00 Texas ..............: 1,700.00 1,600.00 1,500.00 Utah ...............: 1,700.00 1,600.00 1,500.00 Vermont ............: 1,650.00 1,650.00 1,400.00 : Virginia ...........: 1,500.00 1,370.00 1,150.00 Washington .........: 1,700.00 1,600.00 1,400.00 Wisconsin ..........: 1,710.00 1,470.00 1,320.00 : United States ......: 1,640.00 1,520.00 1,360.00 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Commodity Parity Prices and Price as Percent of Parity Price - United States: April 2018 with Comparisons [Parity prices are computed under the provisions of Title III, Subtitle a, Section 301 (a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 as amended by the Agricultural Acts of 1948, 1949, and 1956. See February "Agricultural Prices" for details on adjusted base price and parity price computations. Parity data not available for blank cells. Primary source of data for livestock and milk prices is United States Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Marketing Service] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Parity price : Price as percent :Adjusted : : : of parity Commodity and unit : base :----------------------------------------------------------- : price : April : March : April : April : March : April : : 2017 : 2018 : 2018 : 2017 : 2018 : 2018 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------------- dollars ------------- ------- percent ------ : Basic commodities : All wheat ............bushel: 0.599 17.70 17.60 17.60 24 29 30 Rice ....................cwt: 1.36 39.60 39.90 40.00 26 32 32 Corn .................bushel: 0.450 13.00 13.20 13.20 26 27 27 Cotton : Upland ..............pound: 0.068 1.94 2.00 2.00 36 34 33 American Pima .......pound: 0.136 3.85 3.99 4.00 36 36 36 Peanuts ...............pound: 0.023 0.665 0.676 0.676 30 37 35 Small chickpeas 1/ ......cwt: 2.41 66.80 70.80 70.80 41 33 49 Large chickpeas 1/ ......cwt: 3.29 93.70 96.60 96.70 38 37 45 Lentils 1/ ..............cwt: 2.65 73.70 77.80 77.90 40 30 27 : Designated non-basic : All milk, to plants 2/ ..cwt: 1.78 52.10 52.30 52.30 33 31 31 Honey, extracted 3/ ...pound: 0.175 4.74 5.14 5.14 44 40 40 : Wool and mohair : Wool ..................pound: 0.132 3.64 3.88 3.88 40 38 38 Mohair ................pound: 0.406 11.40 11.90 11.90 40 42 42 : Other non-basic : Apples, fresh 4/ ......pound: 0.035 0.983 1.030 1.030 36 33 32 Barley ...............bushel: 0.506 14.40 14.90 14.90 34 30 30 Canola ..................cwt: 1.88 54.90 55.20 55.30 33 33 32 Cottonseed ..............ton: 20.20 593.00 593.00 594.00 34 26 26 Dry edible beans ........cwt: 3.27 93.70 96.00 96.10 35 27 27 Flaxseed .............bushel: 1.15 33.30 33.80 33.80 24 29 29 Oats .................bushel: 0.292 8.44 8.58 8.58 27 33 34 Potatoes, fresh .........cwt: 1.11 33.30 32.60 32.60 25 34 34 Sorghum grain ...........cwt: 0.761 22.30 22.40 22.40 22 27 27 Soybeans .............bushel: 1.11 31.50 32.60 32.60 30 30 30 Sunflower, all ..........cwt: 2.18 62.80 64.00 64.10 29 27 28 : Citrus (equivalent on-tree) : Grapefruit ..............box: 0.738 19.30 21.70 21.70 71 54 58 Lemons ..................box: 1.87 50.60 54.90 55.00 54 39 33 Oranges .................box: 0.910 25.40 26.70 26.70 46 56 53 : Livestock and poultry : Beef cattle .............cwt: 11.40 321.00 335.00 335.00 40 37 36 Broilers ..............pound: 0.051 1.45 1.50 1.50 39 40 43 Calves ..................cwt: 16.50 466.00 485.00 485.00 35 36 35 Eggs 2/ ...............dozen: 0.101 2.95 2.97 2.97 25 65 48 Hogs ....................cwt: 5.66 162.00 166.00 166.00 30 30 27 Turkeys, live .........pound: 0.066 1.880 1.940 1.940 35 26 26 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Parity prices began January 2015. 2/ Seasonally adjusted price as percentage of parity price. 3/ Wholesale extracted. Adjusted base price derived from state annual averages prices weighted by production. For 1982 through 1985 the national averages are the support prices. 4/ Equivalent packinghouse-door returns for California, New York, Oregon, and Washington. Price at point of first sale for other states. Commodity Parity Prices - United States: April 2018 with Comparisons [Parity prices are computed under the provisions of Title III, Subtitle a, Section 301 (a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 as amended by the Agricultural Acts of 1948, 1949, and 1956. See February "Agricultural Prices" for details on adjusted base price and parity price computations] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Parity price : Adjusted : : : Commodity and unit : base :----------------------------------------- : price : April : March : April : : 2017 : 2018 : 2018 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars : Field crops and miscellaneous : Hops ..............................pound: 0.395 10.60 11.60 11.60 Mustard seed ........................cwt: 3.33 94.90 97.80 97.90 Rapeseed ............................cwt: 2.72 77.80 79.90 79.90 Rye ..............................bushel: 0.630 18.30 18.50 18.50 Safflower ...........................cwt: 2.24 64.80 65.80 65.80 Spearmint oil .....................pound: 1.73 49.20 50.80 50.80 Sweet potatoes ......................cwt: 2.06 59.60 60.50 60.50 : Tobacco : Flue-cured, 11-14 ...............pound: 0.186 5.23 5.46 5.47 Fire-cured, 21-23 ...............pound: 0.254 7.29 7.46 7.47 Burley, 31 ......................pound: 0.182 5.15 5.35 5.35 Maryland, 32 ....................pound: 0.172 4.92 5.05 5.06 Dark air-cured, 35-37 ...........pound: 0.228 6.54 6.70 6.70 Pennsylvania seedleaf, 41 .......pound: 0.197 5.52 5.79 5.79 : Non-citrus fruit : Apples, processing 1/ 2/ ............ton: 19.60 547.00 576.00 576.00 Apricots : Fresh 3/ ..........................ton: 116.00 3,410.00 3,410.00 3,410.00 Dried (California) ................ton: 298.00 7,660.00 8,750.00 8,760.00 Avocados 2/ 3/ ......................ton: 183.00 5,120.00 5,370.00 5,380.00 Cherries : Sweet .............................ton: 213.00 5,960.00 6,260.00 6,260.00 Tart 2/ .........................pound: 0.032 0.925 0.940 0.940 Cranberry 2/ 4/ ..................barrel: 4.07 121.00 120.00 120.00 Dates (California) 3/ ...............ton: 144.00 4,280.00 4,230.00 4,230.00 : Grapes (California) : Raisin variety 5/ .................ton: 140.00 4,110.00 4,110.00 4,110.00 Wine, processing ..................ton: 68.40 (NA) 2,010.00 2,010.00 Kiwifruit 2/ ........................ton: 104.00 2,790.00 3,050.00 3,060.00 Nectarines, fresh (California) 3/ ...ton: 67.10 1,830.00 1,970.00 1,970.00 Olives, canning (California) 4/ .....ton: 99.10 2,810.00 2,910.00 2,910.00 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Commodity Parity Prices - United States: April 2018 with Comparisons (continued) [Parity prices are computed under the provisions of Title III, Subtitle a, Section 301 (a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 as amended by the Agricultural Acts of 1948, 1949, and 1956. See February "Agricultural Prices" for details on adjusted base price and parity price computations] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : : Parity price :Adjusted : : : Commodity and unit : base :-------------------------------------------- : price : April : March : April : : 2017 : 2018 : 2018 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : dollars : Non-citrus fruit - continued : Papayas (Hawaii) .................pound: 0.041 1.16 1.20 1.20 Peaches : Fresh 4/ 6/ ......................ton: 90.80 2,500.00 2,670.00 2,670.00 Dried (California) 1/ 5/ .........ton: 43.60 1,320.00 1,280.00 1,280.00 Processing, excludes dried : Clingstone (California) 4/ ....ton: 36.20 983.00 1,060.00 1,060.00 : Pears, Fresh 6/ ....................ton: 60.30 1,670.00 1,770.00 1,770.00 Plums (California) equivalent on-tree : Fresh 7/ .........................ton: 65.00 1,850.00 1,910.00 1,910.00 Prunes, dried (California) 1/ 2/ 5/ ton: 160.00 4,540.00 4,700.00 4,700.00 Strawberries : Fresh 10/ ......................pound: 9.62 254.00 283.00 283.00 Processing .....................pound: 3.62 102.00 106.00 106.00 Sugar crops : Sugar beets 2/ 8/ ................ton: 5.10 150.00 150.00 150.00 Sugarcane 2/ 8/ ..................ton: 3.47 100.00 102.00 102.00 : Tree nuts 9/ : Almonds ..........................pound: 0.236 6.62 6.93 6.94 Hazelnuts ..........................ton: 233.00 6,280.00 6,840.00 6,850.00 Pistachios .......................pound: 0.236 6.65 6.93 6.94 Walnuts ............................ton: 234.00 6,710.00 6,870.00 6,880.00 : Vegetables, fresh 10/ : Carrots 11/ ........................cwt: 2.79 79.00 81.90 82.00 Cauliflower 11/ ....................cwt: 4.59 130.00 135.00 135.00 Celery 11/ .........................cwt: 1.98 59.00 58.20 58.20 Honeydew melons ....................cwt: 2.02 55.80 59.30 59.40 Lettuce ............................cwt: 2.43 66.50 71.40 71.40 Onions 11/ .........................cwt: 1.41 39.90 41.40 41.40 Tomatoes ...........................cwt: 4.05 116.00 119.00 119.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. 1/ Equivalent returns at processing plant door. 2/ Adjusted base price is carried forward from the previous year since current marketing year average price is not yet available. 3/ Equivalent returns at packinghouse door. 4/ Equivalent returns for bulk fruit at first delivery point. 5/ Dried basis. 6/ Equivalent packinghouse-door returns for California, New York (apples only), Oregon (except peaches), and Washington. Price at point of first sale for other states. 7/ Based on "as sold" prices for fresh fruit in all states. 8/ Relates to prices including average conditional payments per ton made under the sugar acts of 1937 and 1948. Crop deficiency and abandonment payments not included. 9/ Prices In-Shell basis except almonds which are shelled basis. 10/ FOB shipping point price. 11/ Includes some processing. Marketing Year for Specified Commodities Tobacco, Dark Air-cured: December 1 to February 28 for the United States and all States Tobacco, Flue-cured: July 1 to November 30 for the United States and all States Tobacco, Fire-cured: December 1 to March 31 for the United States; January 1 to March 31 for Kentucky and Tennessee; December 1 to January 31 for Virginia Tobacco, Light Air-cured: November 1 to May 31 for the United States; November 1 to February 28 for Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia; March 1 to May 31 for Pennsylvania Tobacco Market Year Average Prices Received - States and United States: Marketing Years 2015-2017 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : 2015 : 2016 : 2017 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Dollars per Pound : Connecticut 1/ .........................: (D) (NA) (NA) Georgia ................................: 1.890 1.930 2.000 Kentucky ...............................: 2.120 2.062 2.135 Massachusetts 1/ .......................: (D) (NA) (NA) North Carolina .........................: 1.850 1.940 2.000 Ohio 1/ ................................: 1.900 (NA) (NA) Pennsylvania ...........................: 1.973 2.048 2.042 South Carolina .........................: 1.880 1.950 1.970 Tennessee ..............................: 2.354 2.353 2.333 Virginia ...............................: 2.028 2.113 2.047 : Other States 2/ ........................: 8.534 - - : United States ..........................: 2.003 2.007 2.058 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. 1/ Estimates discontinued in 2016. 2/ Includes data withheld from discontinued states. Tobacco Market Year Average Prices Received by Class and Type - States and United States: Marketing Years 2015-2017 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Class and Type : 2015 : 2016 : 2017 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Dollars per Pound : Class 1, Flue-cured (11-14) : Georgia ..............................: 1.890 1.930 2.000 North Carolina .......................: 1.850 1.940 2.000 South Carolina .......................: 1.880 1.950 1.970 Virginia .............................: 2.030 2.120 2.050 : United States ........................: 1.873 1.960 2.004 : Class 2, Fire-cured (21-23) : Kentucky .............................: 2.680 2.690 2.690 Tennessee ............................: 2.700 2.720 2.720 Virginia .............................: 2.140 2.200 2.260 : United States ........................: 2.683 2.697 2.696 : Class 3A, Light air-cured : Type 31, Burley : Kentucky .............................: 1.920 1.910 1.940 North Carolina .......................: 1.950 1.890 1.940 Ohio 1/ ........................: 1.900 (NA) (NA) Pennsylvania .........................: 1.950 1.980 2.010 Tennessee ............................: 1.960 1.960 1.860 Virginia .............................: 1.970 1.960 1.920 : United States ........................: 1.929 1.923 1.935 : Type 32, Southern Maryland Belt : Pennsylvania .........................: 1.800 1.860 1.800 : Total light air-cured (31-32) ..........: 1.926 1.921 1.932 : Class 3B, Dark air-cured (35-37) : Kentucky .............................: 2.350 2.390 2.390 Tennessee ............................: 2.430 2.390 2.430 : United States ........................: 2.366 2.390 2.398 : Class 4, Cigar filler : Type 41, Pennsylvania Seedleaf : Pennsylvania .........................: 2.200 2.470 2.360 : Class 5, Cigar binder : Type 51, Connecticut Valley Broadleaf : Connecticut 1/ .......................: (D) (NA) (NA) Massachusetts 1/ .....................: (D) (NA) (NA) : United States ........................: (D) (NA) (NA) : Class 6, Cigar wrapper : Type 61, Connecticut Valley Shade-grown : Connecticut 1/ .......................: (D) (NA) (NA) Massachusetts 1/ .....................: (D) (NA) (NA) : United States ........................: (D) (NA) (NA) : Other cigar types (51-61) ..............: 8.534 (NA) (NA) : Total cigar types (41-61) 2/ ...........: 5.674 2.470 2.360 : All tobacco : United States ........................: 2.003 2.007 2.058 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. 1/ Estimates discontinued in 2016. 2/ Beginning in 2016, estimates only include Class 4 Cigar Filler. Reliability of Prices Received Estimates Definition: Prices received represent sales from producers to first buyers. They include all grades and qualities. The average commodity price from the survey multiplied by the total quantity marketed theoretically should give the total cash receipts for the commodity. Survey procedures: Primary sales data used to determine grain prices were obtained from probability samples of about 1,900 mills and elevators. These procedures ensure that virtually all grain moving into commercial channels has a chance of being included in the survey. Generally, States surveyed account for 90 percent or more of total United States production. Livestock prices are obtained from packers, stockyards, auctions, dealers, and market check data from AMS-USDA, private marketing organizations, and state commodity groups and agencies. Inter-farm sales of grain and livestock are not included since they represent very small percentages of the total sales. Grain marketed for seed is also excluded. Fruit and vegetable prices are obtained from sample surveys and market check data from AMS-USDA, private marketing organizations, state agencies, and universities. Summary and estimation procedures: Survey quantities sold are expanded by strata to state levels and used to weight average strata prices to a state average. State prices are then weighted to a United States price based on expanded sales. Recommendations are prepared by the Regional Field Offices and reviewed by the Agricultural Statistics Board in Washington, D.C. State recommendations are reviewed for reasonableness with survey data, other States, and recent historic estimates. Revisions: In general, revisions are made during annual commodity market year estimation time, following five-year Census revisions, or when later information is received. Revisions are published in monthly issues of Agricultural Prices. Reliability: United States price estimates based on probability surveys generally have a sampling error of less than one percent for the major commodities such as corn, wheat, soybeans, cotton, and rice. Current methods of summarization for non-probability commodities are not designed directly to calculate sampling errors. However, analytical measures approximate the United States relative sampling errors at around five percent. Any non- sampling errors are attributed to such things as the inability to obtain correct information, differences in interpreting questions or definitions, mistakes in coding or processing the data, etc. Efforts are made at each step in the survey process to minimize these non-sampling errors. Program Changes: After the Council on Food, Agricultural and Resource Economics (C-FARE) 2009 program review which included changes in farm production practices, plans were implemented to make necessary program improvements in the agricultural price program. The index group structure for prices received was modified to maintain a more universal structure and consistency with the required 1910-1914 series. Modifications implemented January 2014 include the following: updated the current 1990-1992 base reference period to 2011; linked the 1910-1914 series to the updated base reference period, 2011; created index groups used universally by researchers, data users, and policymakers; and re-classified agricultural commodities into the index groups. Also the modifications expanded the commodity coverage for vegetable, melon, non-citrus, and tree nuts; updated monthly market weights; and adjusted (normalized) current five year moving average cash receipts and farm input cost weights. Modifications implemented January 2015 discontinued preliminary prices and replaced the annual average index with an annual index. The February 2016 program update changed the rounding of the 2011 base period indexes to nearest tenth of a percent. The 1910-1914 base period indexes remain rounded to the nearest whole number. See Price Program Links at end of this report for program change details. April Prices Paid by Farmers The April Prices Paid Index for Commodities and Services, Interest, Taxes, and Farm Wage Rates (PPITW), at 108.6, is down 0.4 percent from March 2018 but up 1.7 percent from April 2017. Production: The April index, at 106.0, is down 0.3 percent from March but up 1.0 percent from last year. Lower prices for feeder cattle, feeder pigs, and milk cows more than offset higher prices for hay & forages, complete feeds, diesel, and feed concentrates. Feed: At 100.7, the April index increased 1.5 percent from March and 4.2 percent from last April. Since March, higher prices for hay & forages, complete feeds, concentrates, and feed grains more than offset lower prices for supplements. Livestock and poultry: The April index, at 104.8, decreased 5.2 percent from March and 0.3 percent from last year. Since March, prices are lower for feeder cattle, feeder pigs, and milk cows. The April feeder cattle price, at $143.00 per cwt, is down $5.00 per cwt from the March price but up $1.00 from a year ago. April feeder pigs averaged $165.00 per cwt, down $32.00 per cwt from March but up $16.00 from the previous April. Fertilizer: The index for April, at 65.9, is down 0.5 percent from March and 6.5 percent from April a year ago. Since March, prices are lower for nitrogen, mixed fertilizer, and potash and phosphate. Chemicals: The April index, at 106.1, is down 0.7 percent from March and 1.4 percent from last April. Fuels: At 66.1, the April index is up 4.3 percent from March and 6.8 percent from April 2017. Compared with March, prices are higher for diesel, gasoline, and LP gas. Machinery: The index for April, at 117.7, decreased 0.2 percent from March but is unchanged from last April. Compared with last month, prices are lower for other machinery. Consumer Price Index: The April 2018 Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U), as issued by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, increased 2.5 percent over the last 12 months to an index level of 250.546 (1982- 1984=100). For the month, the index increased 0.4 percent prior to seasonal adjustment. Prices Paid Indexes and Related Parity Ratios - United States: April 2018 with Comparisons [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1910-1914 Base : 2011 Base Index Group :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- and : April : March : April : April : March : April Ratios : 2017 : 2018 : 2018 : 2017 : 2018 : 2018 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : Prices paid by farmers for : commodities, services, : interest, taxes, and wage : rates (PPITW) ...................: 2890 2949 2939 106.8 109.0 108.6 Production ....................: 2184 2213 2206 104.9 106.3 106.0 Feed ........................: 1064 1093 1109 96.6 99.2 100.7 Livestock and poultry .......: 2074 2180 2069 105.1 110.5 104.8 Seeds .......................: 3934 3885 3885 119.7 118.2 118.2 Fertilizer ..................: 849 797 794 70.5 66.2 65.9 Chemicals ...................: 966 960 953 107.6 106.9 106.1 Fuels .......................: 1731 1775 1850 61.9 63.4 66.1 Supplies and repairs ........: 1269 1290 1295 107.5 109.4 109.8 : Autos and trucks ............: 3286 3255 3241 106.9 105.9 105.5 Machinery ...................: 7192 7203 7190 117.7 117.9 117.7 Building materials ..........: 2562 2664 2685 110.2 114.5 115.4 Services and rent ...........: 2478 2465 2464 (NA) (NA) (NA) Services ....................: (NA) (NA) (NA) 111.7 113.8 113.8 Rent ........................: (NA) (NA) (NA) 123.8 119.5 119.5 : Interest 1/ ...................: 4092 4327 4327 112.2 118.7 118.7 Taxes 2/ ......................: 6904 6952 6952 116.3 117.1 117.1 Wage rates ....................: 8466 9010 8780 118.2 125.8 122.6 Family living-CPI 3/ ..........: 2323 2371 2380 108.7 111.0 111.4 : Production, interest, taxes, ....: and wage rates (PITW) .........: 3004 3064 3049 106.5 108.7 108.1 : Ratio (received/paid) ...........: (NA) (NA) (NA) 90 87 85 Parity ratio 4/ .................: 34 33 33 (NA) (NA) (NA) Parity ratio adjusted 5/ ........: 35 34 34 (NA) (NA) (NA) PPITW adjusted for : productivity 6/ ...............: 1486 1613 1597 (NA) (NA) (NA) : Crop sector (PPITW) .............: (NA) (NA) (NA) 108.5 109.9 109.6 Livestock sector (PPITW) ........: (NA) (NA) (NA) 105.1 108.0 107.4 : Farm sector (production) ........: (NA) (NA) (NA) 103.7 106.4 105.4 Non-farm sector (production) ....: (NA) (NA) (NA) 105.7 106.2 106.3 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Interest per acre on farm real estate debt and interest rate on farm non-real estate debt. 2/ Farm real estate taxes payable per acre. 3/ Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Price Index for all urban consumers (CPI-U), converted by the USDA. 4/ Ratio of index of prices received to PPITW (1910-1914=100). 5/ Based on estimated cash receipts, from marketings and government payments, the preliminary adjustment factor is 1.026 for 2018 and the revised factor is 1.026 for 2017. 6/ PPITW is adjusted based on productivity trend for the prior 15 years. Prices Paid Indexes and Annual Weights for Input Components and Sub-components - United States: April 2018 with Comparisons [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov. Relative weights are a five year moving average] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Relative weights : Indexes (2011=100) :------------------------------------------------------- Index Group : : : April : March : April : 2017 : 2018 : 2017 : 2018 : 2018 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : Production items ............: 74.9 73.5 104.9 106.3 106.0 : Feed ......................: 13.4 13.3 96.6 99.2 100.7 Feed grains .............: 1.9 1.9 57.1 59.5 60.7 Complete feeds ..........: 6.6 6.5 103.9 105.6 106.4 Hay and forages .........: 1.7 1.6 94.7 97.8 104.1 Concentrates ............: 2.1 2.1 103.1 109.0 110.3 Supplements .............: 1.1 1.2 111.6 112.7 112.4 Livestock and poultry .....: 10.3 8.2 105.1 110.5 104.8 Feeder cattle ...........: 8.0 6.4 103.7 108.0 104.2 Feeder pigs .............: 0.8 0.6 106.4 140.7 117.9 Milk cow replacements ...: 0.9 0.7 115.5 107.0 95.8 Poultry .................: 0.6 0.5 107.0 107.0 107.0 : Seeds .....................: 5.1 5.3 119.7 118.2 118.2 Field crops .............: 4.6 4.8 119.2 116.9 116.9 Grasses and legumes .....: 0.5 0.5 125.1 131.0 131.0 Fertilizer ................: 5.8 5.2 70.5 66.2 65.9 Mixed fertilizer ........: 2.6 2.3 67.6 66.4 66.2 Nitrogen ................: 2.4 2.2 73.5 67.6 67.2 Potash and phosphate ....: 0.8 0.7 70.7 61.6 61.3 Chemicals .................: 3.3 3.6 107.6 106.9 106.1 Herbicides ..............: 2.0 2.3 110.1 109.2 108.4 Insecticides ............: 0.8 0.8 106.8 105.2 104.5 Fungicides and other ....: 0.5 0.5 97.6 99.3 98.5 : Fuels .....................: 2.5 2.4 61.9 63.4 66.1 Diesel ..................: 1.6 1.5 57.3 60.7 62.9 Gasoline ................: 0.5 0.5 65.5 65.5 69.5 LP gas ..................: 0.4 0.4 74.2 70.9 73.9 Supplies and repairs ......: 4.4 4.6 107.5 109.4 109.8 Supplies ................: 1.5 1.6 107.0 110.0 110.5 Repairs .................: 2.9 3.0 107.8 109.0 109.4 Autos and trucks ..........: 1.2 1.3 106.9 105.9 105.5 Autos ...................: 0.1 0.2 101.6 99.9 99.5 Trucks ..................: 1.1 1.1 107.7 106.8 106.3 : Machinery .................: 5.6 5.6 117.7 117.9 117.7 Tractors ................: 1.2 1.2 112.8 112.1 112.1 Self-propelled ..........: 2.3 2.3 120.6 120.6 120.6 Other machinery .........: 2.1 2.1 117.5 118.3 117.7 Building materials ........: 3.9 4.0 110.2 114.5 115.4 Services ..................: 11.5 12.1 111.7 113.8 113.8 Custom rates ............: 1.2 1.3 114.3 114.3 114.3 Other services ..........: 10.3 10.8 111.5 113.8 113.7 Rent ......................: 7.9 7.9 123.8 119.5 119.5 Cash ....................: 4.3 4.2 130.4 126.1 126.1 Share ...................: 3.6 3.7 116.1 111.8 111.8 : Interest ....................: 2.2 2.4 112.2 118.7 118.7 Taxes .......................: 3.2 3.3 116.3 117.1 117.1 Wage rates ..................: 6.5 7.1 118.2 125.8 122.6 Family living-CPI ...........: 13.2 13.7 108.7 111.0 111.4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Feed Price Ratios - United States: April 2018 with Comparisons ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Feed price ratio 1/ : April 2017 : March 2018 : April 2018 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Broiler-feed: pounds of broiler grower feed equal : in value to 1 pound of broiler, live weight 2/ ......: 5.7 5.7 6.1 : Market egg feed: pounds of laying feed equal in : value to 1 dozen eggs 3/ ............................: 4.5 22.2 11.4 : Hog-corn: bushels of corn equal in value to : 100 pounds of hog, live weight ......................: 14.1 14.2 12.7 : Milk-feed: pounds of 16% mixed dairy feed equal : in value to 1 pound of whole milk 4/ ................: 2.22 1.97 1.90 : Steer & heifer-corn: bushels of corn equal : in value to 100 pounds of steer & heifers, : live weight .......................................: 37.9 36.2 34.1 : Turkey-feed: pounds of turkey grower equal in : value to 1 pound of turkey, live weight 5/ ..........: 7.5 5.2 5.2 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Effective January 1995, prices of commercial prepared feeds are based on current United States prices received for corn, soybeans, alfalfa hay, and all wheat. 2/ The price of commercial prepared broiler feed is based on current United States prices received for corn and soybeans. The modeled feed uses 58 percent corn and 42 percent soybeans. 3/ The price of commercial prepared layer feed is based on current United States prices received for corn and soybeans. The modeled feed uses 75 percent corn and 25 percent soybeans. 4/ The price of commercial prepared dairy feed is based on current United States prices received for corn, soybeans, and alfalfa. The modeled feed uses 51 percent corn, 8 percent soybeans, and 41 percent alfalfa. 5/ The price of commercial prepared turkey feed is based on current United States prices received for corn, soybeans, and wheat. The modeled feed uses 51 percent corn, 28 percent soybeans, and 21 percent wheat. Prices Received Used to Calculate Feed Price Ratios - United States: April 2018 with Comparisons [Price data source for livestock and poultry commodities is United States Department of Agriculture's Agriculture Marketing Service] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Item : April 2017 : March 2018 : April 2018 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars : Broilers, live ................pound: 0.570 0.600 0.650 Eggs, market ..................dozen: 0.378 1.95 1.01 : Hogs, all .......................cwt: 48.40 50.00 45.30 Milk, all .......................cwt: 16.50 15.60 15.80 : Steers and heifers ..............cwt: 130.00 127.00 122.00 Turkeys, live .................pound: 0.666 0.499 0.500 : Corn .........................bushel: 3.43 3.51 3.58 Hay, alfalfa ....................ton: 150.00 166.00 183.00 : Soybeans .....................bushel: 9.33 9.81 9.83 Wheat, all ...................bushel: 4.16 5.10 5.29 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Paid for Feeder Livestock - United States: April 2018 with Comparisons [Price data source is United States Department of Agriculture's Agriculture Marketing Service] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Item : April 2017 : March 2018 : April 2018 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars : Feeder cattle & calves ..........cwt: 142.00 148.00 143.00 Feeder pigs .....................cwt: 149.00 197.00 165.00 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Feed Ratios Monthly and Annual Average - United States: 2014 - 2018 [Annual average is a simple average of monthly ratios, January through December] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Broiler 1/ :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January :February :March :April : May :June :July :August :September :October :November :December : Average -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2014: 4.2 4.0 4.6 4.6 4.9 4.8 4.9 4.8 5.9 6.1 5.8 5.2 5.0 2015: 5.4 5.0 5.4 6.0 6.2 5.9 4.7 4.4 4.2 4.1 4.3 4.7 5.0 2016: 5.1 4.8 5.0 5.1 5.3 5.1 4.7 4.3 4.2 3.7 4.4 4.7 4.7 2017: 4.7 4.6 5.3 5.7 6.6 6.7 6.1 5.5 5.1 4.9 5.0 5.1 5.4 2018: 5.3 5.1 5.7 6.1 5.6 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Market Egg 2/ :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January :February :March :April : May :June :July :August :September :October :November :December : Average -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2014: 8.0 10.9 8.8 8.9 7.9 7.3 9.6 8.6 8.9 10.5 15.1 17.6 10.2 2015: 11.3 12.1 15.3 9.6 18.2 21.9 19.6 26.5 20.7 14.7 22.8 12.2 17.1 2016: 11.4 10.2 8.8 4.6 2.7 2.5 4.0 4.4 3.9 2.6 3.7 12.1 5.9 2017: 6.7 4.3 6.4 4.5 4.2 4.5 6.9 6.1 10.9 8.3 15.3 14.4 7.7 2018: 11.6 12.9 22.2 11.4 14.5 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Turkey 3/ :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January :February :March :April : May :June :July :August :September :October :November :December : Average -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2014: 5.2 5.4 5.3 5.1 5.4 5.6 6.2 6.8 7.6 8.3 8.1 7.1 6.3 2015: 6.3 6.6 6.8 7.1 7.9 8.4 8.5 9.4 10.0 10.6 10.2 9.8 8.5 2016: 8.7 9.0 9.0 9.2 8.8 8.9 9.3 9.5 10.3 9.9 9.3 8.4 9.2 2017: 7.6 7.3 7.5 7.5 7.7 7.4 7.3 7.2 6.9 7.1 6.5 6.0 7.2 2018: 5.7 5.5 5.2 5.2 5.4 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Milk 4/ :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January :February :March :April : May :June :July :August :September :October :November :December : Average -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2014: 2.46 2.58 2.54 2.42 2.23 2.19 2.36 2.63 2.96 2.92 2.75 2.40 2.54 2015: 2.10 2.06 2.01 2.00 1.99 2.06 2.00 2.11 2.25 2.30 2.46 2.29 2.14 2016: 2.18 2.18 2.12 1.99 1.90 1.92 2.16 2.44 2.49 2.38 2.59 2.73 2.26 2017: 2.71 2.61 2.40 2.22 2.20 2.31 2.28 2.51 2.46 2.48 2.55 2.38 2.42 2018: 2.19 2.03 1.97 1.90 2.02 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Hog-Corn 5/ :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January :February :March :April : May :June :July :August :September :October :November :December : Average -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2014: 13.8 15.1 18.1 18.9 17.6 18.8 23.0 22.9 21.7 21.6 18.5 17.0 18.9 2015: 15.0 13.3 13.2 13.1 16.2 16.7 15.4 16.0 14.8 15.1 12.8 11.7 14.4 2016: 11.9 13.9 14.0 14.3 15.5 15.9 16.5 16.4 14.8 12.7 12.0 13.0 14.2 2017: 14.1 15.8 15.2 14.1 15.5 18.1 19.3 18.8 15.0 14.5 15.9 15.0 15.9 2018: 16.0 16.2 14.2 12.7 14.8 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Steer & Heifer-Corn 6/ :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January :February :March :April : May :June :July :August :September :October :November :December : Average -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2014: 31.7 33.3 33.2 31.8 31.2 32.9 38.7 43.8 45.3 45.7 46.9 43.8 38.2 2015: 43.5 42.5 42.5 43.7 44.2 43.5 39.5 40.5 38.0 35.1 36.5 33.7 40.3 2016: 36.1 37.4 38.5 37.4 35.1 33.2 33.3 36.8 33.9 31.0 32.7 34.0 34.9 2017: 35.0 35.2 36.4 37.9 40.0 38.8 34.7 35.2 32.7 34.0 38.4 37.2 36.3 2018: 37.4 37.6 36.2 34.1 36.3 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ The price of commercial prepared broiler feed is based on current United States prices received for corn and soybeans. The modeled feed ration uses 58 percent corn and 42 percent soybeans. 2/ The price of commercial prepared layer feed is based on current United States prices received for corn and soybeans. The modeled feed ration uses 75 percent corn and 25 percent soybeans. 3/ The price of commercial prepared turkey feed is based on current United States prices received for corn, soybeans, and wheat. The modeled feed ration uses 51 percent corn, 28 percent soybeans, and 21 percent wheat. 4/ The price of commercial prepared dairy feed is based on current United States prices received for corn, soybeans, and alfalfa. The modeled feed ration uses 51 percent corn, 8 percent soybeans, and 41 percent alfalfa. 5/ Number of bushels of corn equal in value to 100 pounds of all hogs, live weight. 6/ Number of bushels of corn equal in value to 100 pounds of steers & heifers, live weight. Reliability of Prices Paid Estimates Definition: Prices paid by farmers represent the average costs of inputs purchased by farmers and ranchers to produce agricultural commodities. Conceptually, the average price when multiplied by quantity purchased should equal total producer expenditures for the item. Survey procedures: The prices paid data are obtained from establishments that sell goods and services to farmers and ranchers. Annually, about 8,500 firms are randomly selected from lists by type of item sold with an average response rate in the range of 75-80 percent. Firms are asked to report the price for the specified item "most commonly bought by farmers" or that was the "volume seller". Approximately 135 items are surveyed each March to represent all production input items purchased. The survey reference period for most items is the five business days centered at the 15th of the month. Separate prices paid surveys are conducted for agricultural chemicals, fuels, feed, fertilizer, machinery, and seed. Summary and estimation procedures: The annual March Prices Paid Survey is summarized as a non-probability survey. Average prices reported are aggregated to the region and United States level using weights available from expenditure data and other administrative sources. Price recommendations are prepared by the Regional Field Offices and Headquarters for review by the Agricultural Statistics Board in Washington, D.C. Also, the change in price level for individual items surveyed are combined to the regional and United States levels, and are published as prices paid indexes referenced to a specific base period. Prices paid indexes for new autos and trucks, building materials, farm supplies, motor supplies, and marketing containers are updated based on price changes measured in selected Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) indexes. Revisions: Any revisions are published in the monthly and in annual issues of Agricultural Prices. The basis for revision must be supported by additional data that directly affect the level of the estimate. More revisions are likely for March when separate prices paid surveys are conducted, in lieu of BLS indexes, by the USDA to measure price change. Reliability: Current methods of summarization for the March data are not designed directly to calculate sampling errors. However, analytical measures approximate the United States relative sampling errors for major items around 10 percent. Any non-sampling errors are attributed to such things as the inability to obtain correct information, differences in interpreting questions or definitions, mistakes in coding or processing the data, etc. Efforts are made at each step in the survey process to minimize these non- sampling errors. Program change: Effective January 2014, the National Agricultural Statistics Service modified the five-year moving weights and updated the base reference period. In January 2015, publication of preliminary prices was suspended, and the annual average index was replaced by an annual index. As of January 2014, the 1990-1992 base reference period was updated to 2011. Five-year moving average weights are adjusted (normalized) to minimize the effects of price changes. The 1910-1914=100 price indexes, required by statute for computing parity prices, were linked forward based on the changes in the new 2011=100 indexes. The new indexes were constructed by multiplying the ratios of the current prices to the base period prices by the moving average weights. Modifications implemented January 2015 discontinued preliminary prices and replaced the annual average index with an annual index. The April 2015 program update discontinued publication of the annual March survey prices paid data. The February 2016 program update changed the rounding of the 2011 base period indexes to nearest tenth of a percent. The 1910-1914 base period indexes remain rounded to the nearest whole number. See Price Program Links at end of this report for program change details. Information Contacts General Jody McDaniel, Chief, Environmental, Economics, and Demographics Branch.................................. (202) 720-6146 Crop Prices Received Lance Honig, Chief, Crops Branch ........................................................................ (202) 720-2127 Anthony Prillaman, Head, Field Crops Section............................................................. (202) 720-2127 Chris Hawthorn - Corn, Flaxseed, Proso Millet.......................................................... (202) 720-9526 James Johanson - County Estimates, Hay................................................................. (202) 690-8533 Jeff Lemmons - Oats, Soybeans.......................................................................... (202) 690-3234 Sammy Neal - Peanuts, Rice............................................................................. (202) 720-7688 Josh O'Rear - Barley, Crop Weather..................................................................... (202) 720-7621 Jean Porter - Rye, Wheat............................................................................... (202) 720-8068 Bianca Pruneda - Cotton, Cotton Ginnings, Sorghum...................................................... (202) 720-5944 Travis Thorson - Canola, Mustard Seed, Rapeseed, Safflower, Sunflower.................................. (202) 720-7369 Jorge Garcia-Pratts, Head, Fruits, Vegetables, and Special Crops Section................................. (202) 720-2127 Vincent Davis - Apricots, Bananas, Cherries, Garlic, Lettuce, Mint, Papaya, Pears, Strawberries, Tomatoes ............................................................................................ (202) 720-2157 Fleming Gibson - Avocados, Cauliflower, Celery, Citrus, Coffee, Dates, Figs, Kiwifruit, Nectarines, Olives, Green Peas, Taro, Watermelons ................................................... (202) 720-5412 Greg Lemmons - Blackberries, Blueberries, Boysenberries, Cranberries, Cucumbers, Potatoes, Pumpkins, Raspberries, Squash, Sugar Beets, Sugarcane, Sweet Potatoes ............................... (202) 720-4285 Dan Norris - Artichokes, Austrian Winter Peas, Cantaloupes, Dry Beans, Dry Edible Peas, Honeydews, Lentils, Mushrooms, Peaches, Snap Beans................................................... (202) 720-3250 Daphne Schauber - Bell Peppers, Broccoli, Cabbage, Chile Peppers, Floriculture, Grapes, Hops, Maple Syrup, Tree Nuts, Spinach...................................................................... (202) 720-4215 Chris Singh - Apples, Asparagus, Carrots, Lima Beans, Onions, Plums, Prunes, Sweet Corn, Tobacco.............................................................................................. (202) 720-4288 Livestock Prices Received Travis Averill, Chief, Livestock Branch.................................................................. (202) 720-3570 Scott Hollis, Head, Livestock Section.................................................................... (202) 720-3570 Holly Brenize - Sheep and Goats........................................................................ (202) 720-3570 Heidi Gleich - Cattle and Cattle on Feed............................................................... (202) 720-3040 Mike Miller - Milk, Milk Cows.......................................................................... (202) 720-3278 Seth Riggins - Hogs and Pigs........................................................................... (202) 720-3106 Tony Dorn, Head, Poultry and Specialty Commodities Section............................................... (202) 690-3223 Aaron Cosgrove - Turkeys............................................................................... (202) 690-3237 Vacant - Honey......................................................................................... (202) 720-6147 Fatema Haque - Broilers................................................................................ (202) 720-3244 Kim Linonis - Eggs..................................................................................... (202) 690-3676 Indexes, Prices Paid, and Parity Prices Jody McDaniel, Chief, Environmental, Economics, and Demographics Branch.................................. (202) 720-6146 Bruce Boess, Head, Economics Section..................................................................... (202) 720-4447 Daryl Brinkman - Prices Received Indexes, Parity Prices................................................ (202) 720-8844 Kuan Chen - Prices Received Indexes, Parity Prices, Prices Paid Indexes, Prices Paid for Feed, Fertilizer, Chemicals, Seeds, Fuels, Farm Supplies and Repairs, Farm Machinery, Feeder Livestock, Poultry Chicks, Feed Price Ratios.................................................................... (202) 690-3229 Ryan Cowen - Cash Rents, Grazing Fees, Land Values, Farms and Land in Farms............................ (202) 690-3231 Kevin Patrick - Price Received, Prices Paid, Cash Receipts (202) 690-1348 Access to NASS Reports For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways: All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: www.nass.usda.gov Both national and state specific reports are available via a free e- mail subscription. To set-up this free subscription, visit www.nass.usda.gov and click on "National" or "State" in upper right corner above "search" box to create an account and select the reports you would like to receive. For more information on NASS surveys and reports, call the NASS Agricultural Statistics Hotline at (800) 727-9540, 7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET, or e-mail: nass@nass.usda.gov. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination against its customers, employees, and applicants for employment on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, sex, gender identity, religion, reprisal, and where applicable, political beliefs, marital status, familial or parental status, sexual orientation, or all or part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program, or protected genetic information in employment or in any program or activity conducted or funded by the Department. (Not all prohibited bases will apply to all programs and/or employment activities.) If you wish to file a Civil Rights program complaint of discrimination, complete the USDA Program Discrimination Complaint Form (PDF), found online at www.ascr.usda.gov/filing-program-discrimination-complaint-usda-customer, or at any USDA office, or call (866) 632-9992 to request the form. You may also write a letter containing all of the information requested in the form. Send your completed complaint form or letter to us by mail at U.S. Department of Agriculture, Director, Office of Adjudication, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410, by fax (202) 690-7442 or email at program.intake@usda.gov. Price Program Links Economics and Prices http://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_Subject/Economics_and_Prices/index.php January 2014 Price Program Update http://www.nass.usda.gov/Surveys/Guide_to_NASS_Surveys/Prices/updates.pdf January 2015 Price Program Update http://www.nass.usda.gov/Surveys/Guide_to_NASS_Surveys/Prices/update2015.pdf April 2015 Price Program Update http://www.nass.usda.gov/Surveys/Guide_to_NASS_Surveys/Prices/updateApr2015.p df February 2016 Price Program Update http://www.nass.usda.gov/Surveys/Guide_to_NASS_Surveys/Prices/updateFeb2016.p df