Agricultural Prices ISSN: 1937-4216 Released January 31, 2023, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Special Note Starting with the October 2022 publication, the beef cattle prices for 2020- 2022 on page 9 only reflected steers & heifers. The table has been corrected with this publication to reflect all beef cattle prices (cows and steers & heifers). Quick Stats data were correct for all beef cattle prices and steers & heifers prices. December Prices Received Index Up 3.1 Percent The December Prices Received Index 2011 Base (Agricultural Production), at 137.7, increased 3.1 percent from November and 22 percent from December 2021. At 128.6, the Crop Production Index was up 1.1 percent from last month and 21 percent from the previous year. The Livestock Production Index, at 150.4, increased 4.9 percent from November, and 25 percent from December last year. Producers received higher prices during December for eggs, celery, soybeans, and cattle, but lower prices for lettuce, milk, hogs, and cauliflower. In addition to prices, the volume change of commodities marketed also influences the indexes. In December, there was increased monthly movement for eggs, milk, broilers, and lettuce, and decreased marketing of corn, grapes, soybeans, and calves. December Prices Paid Index Unchanged The December Prices Paid Index for Commodities and Services, Interest, Taxes, and Farm Wage Rates (PPITW), at 137.1, is unchanged from November 2022 but up 9.6 percent from December 2021. Higher prices in December for feeder pigs, other services, feeder cattle, and herbicides offset lower prices for diesel, gasoline, LP gas, and complete feeds. Prices Received, Prices Paid, and Ratio of Prices Received to Prices Paid Indexes 2011 Base - United States: December 2022 with Comparisons ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : December : November : December Index Group : 2021 : 2022 : 2022 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : percent percent percent : : Prices received by farmers ...............: 112.7 133.5 137.7 : Prices paid by farmers ...................: 125.1 137.1 137.1 : Ratio of prices received to prices paid ..: 90 98 101 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Contents Prices Received by Farmers................................................................................... 4 Prices Received Indexes, 2011 Base - United States: December 2022 with Comparisons........................... 5 Prices Received Indexes, 1910-1914 Base - United States: December 2022 with Comparisons...................... 5 Prices Received Indexes, 2011 Base by Month for Selected Groups - United States: 2021 and 2022............... 5 Prices Paid Indexes, 2011 Base by Month for Selected Groups - United States: 2021 and 2022................... 6 Prices Received for Field Crops and Fruits - United States: December 2022 with Comparisons................... 7 Prices Received for Vegetables and Livestock - United States: December 2022 with Comparisons................. 8 Prices Received for All Wheat, Corn, and Soybeans by Month - United States: 2022 with Comparisons............ 9 Prices Received for Beef Cattle and All Hogs by Month - United States: 2022 with Comparisons................. 9 Prices Received for All Wheat - States and United States: December 2022 with Comparisons..................... 10 Prices Received for Winter Wheat - States and United States: December 2022 with Comparisons.................. 10 Prices Received for Durum Wheat - States and United States: December 2022 with Comparisons................... 11 Prices Received for Spring Wheat - States and United States: December 2022 with Comparisons.................. 11 Prices Received for Oats - States and United States: December 2022 with Comparisons.......................... 11 Prices Received for All Barley - States and United States: December 2022 with Comparisons.................... 12 Prices Received for Malting Barley - States and United States: December 2022 with Comparisons................ 12 Prices Received for Feed Barley - States and United States: December 2022 with Comparisons................... 12 Prices Received for Corn - States and United States: December 2022 with Comparisons.......................... 13 Prices Received for Sorghum Grain - States and United States: December 2022 with Comparisons................. 13 Prices Received for Soybeans - States and United States: December 2022 with Comparisons...................... 14 Prices Received for Dry Beans - States and United States: December 2022 with Comparisons..................... 14 Prices Received for Canola - States and United States: December 2022 with Comparisons........................ 15 Prices Received for Flaxseed - States and United States: December 2022 with Comparisons...................... 15 Prices Received for Peanuts (in shell) - States and United States: December 2022 with Comparisons............ 15 Prices Received for Sunflower - States and United States: December 2022 with Comparisons..................... 15 Prices Received for Upland Cotton and Cottonseed - States and United States: December 2022 with Comparisons.......................................................................................... 16 Prices Received and Marketings for Upland Cotton and Rice - United States: December 2022 with Comparisons.......................................................................................... 16 Prices Received for Hay by Type - States and United States: December 2022 with Comparisons................... 17 Prices Received for Premium and Supreme Alfalfa Hay - States and 5-State Total: December 2022................ 17 Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization - States and United States: December 2021................... 18 Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization - States and United States: November 2022................... 18 Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization - States and United States: December 2022................... 18 Prices Received for All Milk - States and United States: December 2022 with Comparisons...................... 19 Prices Received for Milk Cows - States and United States: January 2023 with Comparisons...................... 19 Parity Price Overview........................................................................................ 20 Commodity Parity Prices and Price as Percent of Parity Price - United States: December 2022 with Comparisons.......................................................................................... 21 Commodity Parity Prices - United States: December 2022 with Comparisons...................................... 22 Marketing Year for Specified Commodities..................................................................... 24 Rice Market Year Average Prices Received by All and Length of Grain - States and United States: Marketing Years 2020 through 2021................................................................................... 24 All Rice Prices Received and Marketing Percentages by Month - United States: Marketing Years 2021-2022 through 2022-2023......................................................................................... 25 Long Grain Rice Prices Received and Marketing Percentages by Month - United States: Marketing Years 2021-2022 through 2022-2023............................................................................... 25 Medium and Short Grain Rice Prices Received and Marketing Percentages by Month - United States: Marketing Years 2021-2021 through 2022-2023......................................................................... 26 Medium and Short Grain Rice Prices Received by Month - California and Other States: Marketing Years 2021-2022 through 2022-2023............................................................................... 26 Prices Received Indexes as a Percent of 2011 Base, Monthly and Annual Average - United States: 2018-2022..... 27 Prices Received Indexes as a Percent of 1910-1914 Base, Monthly and Annual Average - United States: 2018-2022 ................................................................................................ 29 Reliability of Prices Received Estimates..................................................................... 30 Prices Paid by Farmers....................................................................................... 31 Prices Paid Indexes and Related Parity Ratios - United States: December 2022 with Comparisons................ 32 Prices Paid Indexes and Annual Weights for Input Components and Sub-components - United States: December 2022 with Comparisons............................................................................ 33 Feed Price Ratios - United States: December 2022 with Comparisons............................................ 34 Prices Received Used to Calculate Feed Price Ratios - United States: December 2022 with Comparisons.......... 34 Prices Paid for Feeder Livestock - United States: December 2022 with Comparisons............................. 34 Annual Average Prices Paid for Feeder Livestock - United States: 2017-2022................................... 35 Grazing Fee Rates for Cattle - States, Regions, and United States: 2021 and 2022............................. 35 Prices Paid Indexes as a Percent of 2011 Base, Monthly and Annual Average - United States: 2018-2022......... 36 Prices Paid Index Sub-Components as a Percent of 2011 Base, Monthly and Annual Average - United States: 2018-2022.................................................................................. 39 Prices Paid Indexes as a Percent of 1910-1914 Base, Monthly and Annual Average - United States: 2018-2022 ................................................................................................ 43 Feed Ratios Monthly and Annual Average - United States: 2018-2023............................................ 46 Reliability of Prices Paid Estimates......................................................................... 47 Information Contacts......................................................................................... 48 December Prices Received by Farmers Crop production: The December index, at 128.6, is 1.1 percent higher than November and 21 percent higher than December 2021. The grain & oilseed index increase more than offset the vegetable & melon, fruit & tree nut, and other crop index decreases. Grain and oilseed: The December index, at 113.6, is up 2.4 percent from November and 16 percent from December 2021. The feed grain, food grain, oilseed indexes all increased. Feed grain: The December index, at 110.1, increased 1.4 percent from last month and 20 percent from a year ago. The corn price, at $6.58 per bushel, is up 9 cents from last month and $1.11 from December 2021. Food grain: At 128.5, the index for December increased 1.7 percent from the previous month and 8.9 percent from a year ago. The December price for rice, at $20.40 per cwt, is $1.70 higher than November and $3.60 higher than December 2021. The December price for all wheat, at $8.98 per bushel, is 18 cents lower than November but 39 cents higher than December 2021. Oilseed: At 114.8, the index for December increased 2.5 percent from November and 14 percent from December 2021. The soybean price, at $14.40 per bushel, is 40 cents higher than November and $1.90 higher than December a year earlier. Fruit and tree nut: The December index, at 149.8, is down 3.5 percent from November but up 14 percent from a year earlier. Price decreases during December for oranges, strawberries, lemons, and grapefruit more than offset price increases for apples, grapes, and pears. Vegetable and melon: At 296.7, the index for December decreased 2.8 percent from the previous month but increased 143 percent from December 2021. Price declines during December for lettuce, cauliflower, tomatoes, and cucumbers more than offset price increases for celery, broccoli, potatoes, and sweet corn. Other crop: The December index, at 109.9, is down 0.4 percent from the previous month but up 4.7 percent from December 2021. The all hay price, at $235.00 per ton, is $4.00 lower than November but $42.00 higher than December 2021. At 84.4 cents per pound, the price for upland cotton is 4.4 cents higher than November but 3.3 cents lower than December 2021. Livestock production: The index for December, at 150.4, increased 4.9 percent from the previous month and 25 percent from December a year earlier. The poultry and egg index increase more than offset the meat animal and dairy index decreases. Meat animal: At 123.8, the December index decreased 0.7 percent from the previous month but increased 12 percent from a year earlier. At $62.50 per cwt, the December hog price is $4.20 lower from November but $6.00 higher than a year earlier. The December beef cattle price of $154.00 per cwt is $3.00 higher than the previous month and $17.00 higher than December 2021. Dairy: The index for December, at 122.9, is down 3.5 percent from the previous month but up 14 percent from December a year ago. The December all milk price of $24.70 per cwt is 90 cents lower than November but $3.00 higher than December 2021. Poultry and egg: At 239.3, the December index increased 15 percent from November and 58 percent from December 2021. The December market egg price, at $4.77 per dozen, is $1.34 higher than November and $3.61 higher than December 2021. The December broiler price, at 71.1 cents per pound, is 0.3 cents lower than November and 2.4 cents lower than a year ago. At $1.20 per pound, the December turkey price is 6.0 cents lower than the previous month but 36.1 cents higher than December 2021. Food Commodities: The index, at 150.1, increased 3.2 percent from the previous month and 27 percent from December 2021. Prices Received Indexes, 2011 Base - United States: December 2022 with Comparisons [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] -------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2011 Base :----------------------------------- : December : November : December Index Group : 2021 : 2022 : 2022 -------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : Agricultural production ........: 112.7 133.5 137.7 Crop production ..............: 106.4 127.2 128.6 Grain and oilseed ..........: 97.8 110.9 113.6 Feed grain ...............: 91.5 108.6 110.1 Food grain ...............: 118.0 126.3 128.5 Oilseed ..................: 100.7 112.0 114.8 Fruit and tree nut .........: 132.0 155.2 149.8 Vegetable and melon ........: 121.9 305.4 296.7 Other crop .................: 105.0 110.3 109.9 : Livestock production .........: 120.1 143.4 150.4 Meat animal ................: 110.1 124.7 123.8 Cattle ...................: 119.8 132.7 134.8 Hog ......................: 85.0 100.3 94.0 Dairy ......................: 108.0 127.4 122.9 Poultry and egg ............: 151.1 207.3 239.3 : Food commodity .................: 118.4 145.4 150.1 -------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received Indexes, 1910-1914 Base - United States: December 2022 with Comparisons [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] -------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1910 - 1914 Base :----------------------------------- : December : November : December Index Group : 2021 : 2022 : 2022 -------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : Agricultural production ........: 1164 1378 1421 Crop production ..............: 928 1109 1121 Livestock production .........: 1395 1665 1747 -------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received Indexes, 2011 Base by Month for Selected Groups - United States: 2021 and 2022 [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2011 Base :--------------------------------------------------------------- Month : Agricultural : Crop : Livestock : Food : production : production : production : commodities :--------------------------------------------------------------- : 2021 : 2022 : 2021 : 2022 : 2021 : 2022 : 2021 : 2022 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -- percent -- -- percent -- -- percent -- -- percent -- : January .......: 89.5 111.8 88.3 104.9 91.2 124.3 94.0 119.1 February ......: 94.8 119.9 97.2 114.4 92.6 126.1 96.8 125.6 March .........: 97.6 127.5 98.4 120.8 96.8 134.4 100.0 133.7 April .........: 104.3 133.9 105.0 122.7 103.6 145.1 106.9 139.7 May ...........: 106.3 134.8 106.0 123.4 106.6 146.0 107.7 140.7 June ..........: 107.3 135.0 107.4 126.0 107.2 145.0 108.7 140.5 July ..........: 106.9 133.9 106.7 124.7 107.1 145.8 107.9 139.1 August ........: 109.5 131.4 110.4 128.6 108.7 134.6 110.6 135.4 September .....: 108.6 131.2 108.5 127.0 108.6 136.3 111.2 135.5 October .......: 106.8 127.7 106.2 121.9 107.8 138.9 111.6 133.8 November ......: 108.6 133.5 107.2 127.2 110.2 143.4 114.5 145.4 December ......: 112.7 137.7 106.4 128.6 120.1 150.4 118.4 150.1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Paid Indexes, 2011 Base by Month for Selected Groups - United States: 2021 and 2022 [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2011 Base :--------------------------------------------------------------- Month : All items : : Crop : Livestock : (PPITW) : Production : sector : sector :--------------------------------------------------------------- : 2021 : 2022 : 2021 : 2022 : 2021 : 2022 : 2021 : 2022 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -- percent -- -- percent -- -- percent -- -- percent -- : January .......: 113.4 128.7 109.0 126.5 113.7 128.8 113.1 128.5 February ......: 114.7 130.7 110.7 129.1 114.3 130.2 115.1 131.3 March .........: 116.0 132.7 112.3 131.4 115.4 132.0 116.6 133.4 April .........: 117.0 135.1 113.7 135.0 116.0 134.9 117.9 135.2 May ...........: 117.9 135.1 114.8 134.7 116.9 135.3 118.9 134.8 June ..........: 119.2 135.6 116.3 135.1 118.3 135.9 120.1 135.4 July ..........: 120.4 136.2 117.3 135.6 119.6 135.7 121.2 136.7 August ........: 120.9 136.9 118.0 136.5 120.1 135.9 121.7 137.8 September .....: 121.3 136.7 118.4 136.2 121.0 135.7 121.5 137.7 October .......: 122.6 137.1 120.1 136.5 122.7 136.8 122.6 137.4 November ......: 123.7 137.1 121.4 136.6 124.0 136.7 123.4 137.6 December ......: 125.1 137.1 123.3 136.7 125.1 136.4 125.2 137.8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received for Field Crops and Fruits - United States: December 2022 with Comparisons ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 2011 : : : Commodity : Base Price :December 2021 :November 2022 :December 2022 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Field crops : Barley, all ...............dollars/bushel: 4.79 5.41 7.24 7.48 Feed .....................dollars/bushel: 4.59 5.51 6.14 6.15 Malting ..................dollars/bushel: 4.83 5.39 7.38 7.61 Beans, dry edible ............dollars/cwt: 34.60 41.70 39.90 40.20 Canola .......................dollars/cwt: 23.10 32.50 29.20 29.20 Chickpeas, all ...............dollars/cwt: 35.70 41.30 34.10 35.00 Large .......................dollars/cwt: 39.20 42.50 34.80 35.50 Small .......................dollars/cwt: 23.40 20.20 29.50 29.40 Corn ......................dollars/bushel: 6.02 5.47 6.49 6.58 : Cotton, Upland .............dollars/pound: 0.880 0.877 0.800 0.844 Cottonseed ...................dollars/ton: 131.00 239.00 323.00 329.00 Flaxseed ..................dollars/bushel: 14.20 31.30 19.50 18.40 Hay, all, baled ..............dollars/ton: 159.00 193.00 239.00 235.00 Alfalfa .....................dollars/ton: 176.00 217.00 267.00 269.00 Other .......................dollars/ton: 119.00 155.00 182.00 177.00 Lentils ......................dollars/cwt: 27.50 36.10 33.00 34.70 Oats ......................dollars/bushel: 3.42 5.65 4.36 4.66 Peanuts, in-shell ..........dollars/pound: 0.252 0.241 0.299 0.241 : Peas, dry edible .............dollars/cwt: 13.60 20.30 14.60 16.80 Rice, all ....................dollars/cwt: 13.70 16.80 18.70 20.40 Long ........................dollars/cwt: 12.30 13.20 16.50 17.00 Medium and short ............dollars/cwt: 18.40 26.00 26.90 31.20 Sorghum grain ................dollars/cwt: 10.70 10.50 12.70 12.30 Soybeans ..................dollars/bushel: 12.50 12.50 14.00 14.40 Sunflowers, all ..............dollars/cwt: 29.00 31.60 28.40 29.50 : Wheat, all ................dollars/bushel: 7.44 8.59 9.16 8.98 Winter ...................dollars/bushel: 6.93 7.79 8.92 8.44 Durum ....................dollars/bushel: 9.22 12.70 10.40 11.20 Other spring .............dollars/bushel: 8.33 8.75 9.24 9.13 Hard red winter ..........dollars/bushel: 7.07 7.65 9.09 8.65 Soft red winter ..........dollars/bushel: 6.77 7.44 8.07 8.05 Hard red spring ..........dollars/bushel: 8.38 8.77 9.29 9.19 White ....................dollars/bushel: 6.58 8.30 8.67 7.89 : Fruits : Citrus, equivalent on-tree : Grapefruit ..................dollars/box: 7.47 17.41 27.48 24.11 Lemons ......................dollars/box: 12.30 19.95 20.24 14.19 Oranges .....................dollars/box: 8.16 11.95 17.71 12.63 : Non-citrus, fresh 1/ : Apples ...................dollars/pound: 0.325 0.716 0.841 0.889 Grapes .....................dollars/ton: 598.00 2,440.00 2,270.00 2,310.00 Peaches ....................dollars/ton: 507.00 (S) (S) (S) Pears ......................dollars/ton: 559.00 1,220.00 1,260.00 1,380.00 Strawberries ................dollars/cwt: 104.00 247.00 349.00 296.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1/ Beginning February 2020, price reflects FOB shipping point basis. Prices Received for Vegetables and Livestock - United States: December 2022 with Comparisons [Price data source for potato, livestock, and poultry commodities is United States Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Marketing Service] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 2011 : : : Commodity : Base Price :December 2021 :November 2022 :December 2022 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Vegetables, fresh 1/ : Asparagus ....................dollars/cwt: 37.50 (S) (S) (S) Beans, snap ..................dollars/cwt: 69.00 43.40 125.00 79.10 Broccoli .....................dollars/cwt: 41.60 90.70 181.00 205.00 Cantaloupes ..................dollars/cwt: 16.50 (S) 50.00 (S) Carrots ......................dollars/cwt: 30.80 40.50 49.70 50.00 Cauliflower ..................dollars/cwt: 47.00 50.80 263.00 200.00 Celery .......................dollars/cwt: 22.50 44.30 97.40 191.00 Corn, sweet ..................dollars/cwt: 30.70 48.20 55.00 56.30 Cucumbers ....................dollars/cwt: 18.70 21.80 43.00 28.00 Lettuce ......................dollars/cwt: 24.30 22.50 181.00 142.00 Onions 2/ ....................dollars/cwt: 11.90 35.10 32.70 32.30 Potatoes .....................dollars/cwt: 14.30 13.50 20.40 21.30 Tomatoes .....................dollars/cwt: 51.20 48.60 131.00 92.30 : Livestock : Calves .......................dollars/cwt: 142.00 181.00 203.00 206.00 Cattle, all beef .............dollars/cwt: 115.00 137.00 151.00 154.00 Cows 3/ .....................dollars/cwt: 71.60 69.10 78.40 76.90 Steers and heifers ..........dollars/cwt: 117.00 141.00 154.00 158.00 Milk cows 4/ ................dollars/head: 1,420.00 (NA) (NA) (NA) Hogs, all ....................dollars/cwt: 66.50 56.50 66.70 62.50 Barrows and gilts ...........dollars/cwt: 66.80 56.20 66.90 63.00 Sows ........................dollars/cwt: 57.90 64.30 63.80 51.90 : Dairy and poultry : Milk, all 5/ .................dollars/cwt: 20.10 21.70 25.60 24.70 Fat test ........................percent: 4.27 4.20 4.23 4.27 Broilers, live 6/ ..........dollars/pound: 0.459 0.735 0.714 0.711 Eggs, all ..................dollars/dozen: 0.969 1.36 3.34 4.49 Market 7/ .................dollars/dozen: 0.796 1.16 3.43 4.77 Turkeys, live 8/ ...........dollars/pound: 0.680 0.839 1.26 1.20 : Adjusted for seasonal variation : Eggs, all ..................dollars/dozen: 0.979 1.17 3.12 3.84 Seasonal factor .................percent: 101 117 107 117 Milk, all ....................dollars/cwt: 20.20 21.50 24.60 24.50 Seasonal factor .................percent: 100 101 104 101 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1/ Beginning February 2020, price reflects FOB shipping point basis 2/ Includes some processing. 3/ Beef cows and cull dairy cows sold for slaughter. 4/ Animals sold for dairy herd replacement only. Prices available for January, April, July, and October. 5/ Before deductions for hauling. Includes quality, quantity, and other premiums. Excludes hauling subsidies. 6/ Live weight equivalent price. 7/ Also referred to as table eggs. 8/ Live weight equivalent price is used when actual live weight price is not available. Beginning January 2011, price reflects FOB shipping point basis. Prior year price reflects delivered basis. Prices Received for All Wheat, Corn, and Soybeans by Month - United States: 2022 with Comparisons [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : All wheat : Corn : Soybeans Month :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2020 : 2021 : 2022 : 2020 : 2021 : 2022 : 2020 : 2021 : 2022 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : dollars per bushel : January ....: 4.88 5.48 8.48 3.79 4.24 5.58 8.84 10.90 12.90 February ...: 4.88 5.83 9.16 3.78 4.75 6.09 8.60 12.70 14.70 March ......: 4.86 5.86 9.93 3.68 4.89 6.56 8.47 13.20 15.40 April ......: 4.85 6.04 10.20 3.29 5.31 7.07 8.35 13.90 15.80 May ........: 4.76 6.46 10.90 3.20 5.91 7.26 8.28 14.80 16.10 June .......: 4.57 6.23 9.55 3.16 6.00 7.38 8.34 14.50 16.40 July .......: 4.54 6.26 8.69 3.21 6.12 7.25 8.50 14.10 15.50 August .....: 4.54 7.14 8.55 3.12 6.32 7.24 8.66 13.70 15.30 September ..: 4.73 7.75 8.85 3.41 5.47 7.09 9.24 12.20 14.10 October ....: 4.98 7.92 9.21 3.61 5.02 6.50 9.63 11.90 13.50 November ...: 5.24 8.52 9.16 3.79 5.26 6.49 10.30 12.10 14.00 December ...: 5.46 8.59 8.98 3.97 5.47 6.58 10.60 12.50 14.40 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Prices Received for Beef Cattle and All Hogs by Month - United States: 2022 with Comparisons [Price data source for livestock commodities is United States Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Marketing Service. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Beef cattle 1/ : All hogs 2/ Month :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2020 : 2021 : 2022 : 2020 : 2021 : 2022 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per cwt : January ..: 122.00 110.00 135.00 47.80 50.20 58.80 February .: 120.00 112.00 137.00 45.50 56.40 68.60 March ....: 113.00 113.00 139.00 47.70 67.20 75.10 April ....: 108.00 118.00 139.00 42.30 75.60 76.20 May ......: 109.00 118.00 141.00 51.00 79.30 75.90 June .....: 109.00 121.00 140.00 41.30 82.70 78.70 July .....: 97.10 122.00 142.00 39.90 80.00 83.00 August ...: 103.00 123.00 141.00 42.90 79.00 85.80 September : 104.00 124.00 143.00 49.70 70.80 73.80 October ..: 106.00 123.00 145.00 56.30 65.50 70.50 November .: 107.00 129.00 151.00 51.90 58.60 66.70 December .: 108.00 137.00 154.00 49.10 56.50 62.50 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Cows and steers & heifers. 2/ Barrows & gilts and sows. Prices Received for All Wheat - States and United States: December 2022 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : December 2021 : November 2022 : December 2022 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Arizona ............: (S) (D) (D) Arkansas ...........: (D) (S) (D) California .........: (D) (D) (D) Colorado ...........: 7.06 8.76 8.17 Idaho ..............: 7.29 8.49 8.03 Illinois ...........: 7.29 8.56 7.62 Indiana ............: 6.84 7.60 8.31 Kansas .............: 7.93 9.16 8.48 Michigan ...........: 6.65 8.73 8.14 Minnesota ..........: 8.59 9.52 9.55 : Missouri ...........: 7.90 8.39 7.97 Montana ............: 8.51 9.53 9.51 Nebraska ...........: 7.00 8.82 8.36 North Carolina .....: 8.32 8.48 8.55 North Dakota .......: 9.54 9.15 9.19 Ohio ...............: 6.67 7.63 7.35 Oklahoma ...........: 7.80 8.65 8.02 Oregon .............: 9.30 (D) (D) South Dakota .......: 8.63 9.39 8.95 Texas ..............: 7.80 9.24 9.73 Washington .........: 8.69 8.42 8.04 : United States ......: 8.59 9.16 8.98 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Winter Wheat - States and United States: December 2022 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : December 2021 : November 2022 : December 2022 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Arkansas ...........: (D) (S) (D) California .........: (D) (S) (S) Colorado ...........: 7.06 8.76 8.17 Idaho ..............: 7.26 8.49 8.07 Illinois ...........: 7.29 8.56 7.62 Indiana ............: 6.84 7.60 8.31 Kansas .............: 7.93 9.16 8.48 Michigan ...........: 6.65 8.73 8.14 Missouri ...........: 7.90 8.39 7.97 : Montana ............: 7.22 9.02 8.85 Nebraska ...........: 7.00 8.82 8.36 North Carolina .....: 8.32 8.48 8.55 North Dakota .......: 9.04 8.50 8.93 Ohio ...............: 6.67 7.63 7.35 Oklahoma ...........: 7.80 8.65 8.02 Oregon .............: 9.30 (D) (D) South Dakota .......: 8.52 9.36 8.92 Texas ..............: 7.80 9.24 9.73 Washington .........: 8.66 8.39 7.93 : United States ......: 7.79 8.92 8.44 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Durum Wheat - States and United States: December 2022 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : December 2021 : November 2022 : December 2022 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Arizona ............: (S) (D) (D) California .........: (S) (D) (D) Idaho ..............: (S) (S) (S) Montana ............: (D) (D) (D) North Dakota .......: 15.10 10.00 9.92 : United States ......: 12.70 10.40 11.20 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Spring Wheat - States and United States: December 2022 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : December 2021 : November 2022 : December 2022 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Idaho ..............: 7.39 8.47 7.91 Minnesota ..........: 8.59 9.52 9.55 Montana ............: 8.76 9.93 9.25 North Dakota .......: 8.88 9.00 9.13 South Dakota .......: 8.72 9.41 8.98 Washington .........: 8.96 8.65 8.51 : United States ......: 8.75 9.24 9.13 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received for Oats - States and United States: December 2022 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : December 2021 : November 2022 : December 2022 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Illinois ...........: (D) (D) 5.06 Iowa ...............: 5.75 (D) (D) Michigan ...........: 5.40 (D) 4.49 Minnesota ..........: 5.66 4.26 4.69 Montana ............: (D) (S) (S) Nebraska ...........: (S) (D) (D) New York ...........: (S) (S) (S) North Dakota .......: 5.66 3.87 4.88 Oregon .............: (S) (S) (S) Pennsylvania .......: (S) 5.57 4.43 South Dakota .......: 6.18 3.90 3.80 Texas ..............: (S) (D) (D) Wisconsin ..........: 5.15 4.61 5.83 : United States ......: 5.65 4.36 4.66 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for All Barley - States and United States: December 2022 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : December 2021 : November 2022 : December 2022 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : California .........: (S) (S) (S) Colorado ...........: 5.02 7.16 6.63 Idaho ..............: 5.33 7.26 8.04 Minnesota ..........: 5.31 (S) (D) Montana ............: 5.65 7.09 7.46 North Dakota .......: 5.42 7.37 7.08 Washington .........: 5.77 7.03 7.26 Wyoming ............: (D) (D) (D) : United States ......: 5.41 7.24 7.48 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Malting Barley - States and United States: December 2022 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : December 2021 : November 2022 : December 2022 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : California .........: (S) (S) (S) Colorado ...........: 5.02 7.22 6.63 Idaho ..............: 5.32 7.31 8.05 Minnesota ..........: 5.31 (S) (D) Montana ............: 5.51 7.10 7.54 North Dakota .......: 5.56 7.79 7.37 Washington .........: (D) (D) (D) Wyoming ............: (D) (D) (D) : United States ......: 5.39 7.38 7.61 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Feed Barley - States and United States: December 2022 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : December 2021 : November 2022 : December 2022 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : California .........: (S) (S) (S) Colorado ...........: (S) (D) (D) Idaho ..............: 5.74 6.21 (D) Minnesota ..........: (S) (S) (S) Montana ............: 6.60 6.81 (D) North Dakota .......: 5.13 6.14 6.13 Washington .........: 5.82 5.73 5.50 Wyoming ............: (S) (S) (D) : United States ......: 5.51 6.14 6.15 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Corn - States and United States: December 2022 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : December 2021 : November 2022 : December 2022 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Colorado ...........: 5.55 7.32 7.36 Illinois ...........: 5.41 6.29 6.39 Indiana ............: 5.58 6.41 6.57 Iowa ...............: 5.54 6.50 6.69 Kansas .............: 5.78 7.16 7.26 Kentucky ...........: 5.28 6.69 6.72 Michigan ...........: 5.36 6.07 6.17 Minnesota ..........: 5.22 6.28 6.34 Missouri ...........: 5.53 6.82 6.88 Nebraska ...........: 5.37 6.83 6.83 : North Carolina .....: 6.44 7.72 7.57 North Dakota .......: 5.24 5.98 6.17 Ohio ...............: 5.41 6.31 6.24 Pennsylvania .......: 5.93 7.10 6.86 South Dakota .......: 5.58 6.45 6.62 Tennessee ..........: 5.82 6.04 6.91 Texas ..............: 6.19 7.59 7.14 Wisconsin ..........: 5.33 6.08 6.09 : United States ......: 5.47 6.49 6.58 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received for Sorghum Grain - States and United States: December 2022 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : December 2021 : November 2022 : December 2022 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per cwt : Kansas .............: 10.60 12.70 12.40 Nebraska ...........: 10.70 11.80 11.50 Oklahoma ...........: 10.10 13.00 12.30 Texas ..............: 10.30 13.10 12.10 : United States ......: 10.50 12.70 12.30 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received for Soybeans - States and United States: December 2022 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : December 2021 : November 2022 : December 2022 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Arkansas ...........: 12.40 14.00 14.70 Illinois ...........: 12.50 13.80 14.40 Indiana ............: 12.70 14.10 14.70 Iowa ...............: 12.50 14.20 14.50 Kansas .............: 12.40 14.20 14.60 Kentucky ...........: 12.40 14.00 14.40 Louisiana ..........: 12.70 14.10 13.60 Michigan ...........: 12.50 14.30 14.60 Minnesota ..........: 12.50 13.80 14.50 Mississippi ........: 12.40 (D) 14.00 : Missouri ...........: 12.70 13.50 14.60 Nebraska ...........: 12.40 14.10 14.30 North Carolina .....: 12.80 14.10 14.50 North Dakota .......: 12.20 13.80 13.80 Ohio ...............: 12.70 14.10 14.70 South Dakota .......: 12.40 14.20 14.40 Tennessee ..........: 12.40 13.70 14.20 Wisconsin ..........: 12.40 14.00 14.20 : United States ......: 12.50 14.00 14.40 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Prices Received for Dry Beans - States and United States: December 2022 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : December 2021 : November 2022 : December 2022 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per cwt : California .........: (D) (S) (D) Colorado ...........: 39.90 (D) 38.70 Idaho ..............: (D) 44.10 (D) Michigan ...........: 40.50 41.50 43.80 Minnesota ..........: 39.80 (S) 37.60 Nebraska ...........: (D) (D) (D) North Dakota .......: 43.00 38.90 38.30 : United States ......: 41.70 39.90 40.20 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Canola - States and United States: December 2022 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : December 2021 : November 2022 : December 2022 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per cwt : Minnesota ..........: (D) (S) (S) Montana ............: (D) (D) (D) North Dakota .......: 32.70 29.20 29.30 Oklahoma ...........: (S) (S) (S) : United States ......: 32.50 29.20 29.20 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Flaxseed - States and United States: December 2022 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : December 2021 : November 2022 : December 2022 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : North Dakota .......: 31.30 19.50 18.40 : United States ......: 31.30 19.50 18.40 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received for Peanuts (in shell) - States and United States: December 2022 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : December 2021 : November 2022 : December 2022 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per pound : Alabama ............: 0.225 0.268 0.271 Arkansas ...........: 0.227 0.262 0.244 Florida ............: 0.268 0.269 0.295 Georgia ............: 0.234 0.262 0.219 Mississippi ........: 0.214 0.297 0.286 New Mexico .........: (S) 0.540 0.127 North Carolina .....: 0.259 0.279 0.292 Oklahoma ...........: (S) 0.341 0.145 South Carolina .....: 0.232 0.230 0.187 Texas ..............: 0.331 0.536 0.369 Virginia ...........: 0.241 0.300 (S) : United States ......: 0.241 0.299 0.241 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Sunflower - States and United States: December 2022 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : December 2021 : November 2022 : December 2022 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per cwt : Kansas .............: (D) 26.50 (D) Minnesota ..........: 24.60 (D) (S) North Dakota .......: 31.60 28.60 29.90 South Dakota .......: 31.90 28.20 27.20 : United States ......: 31.60 28.40 29.50 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Upland Cotton and Cottonseed - States and United States: December 2022 with Comparisons [Cottonseed marketing year August - February] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Cotton, Upland : Cottonseed State :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : December : November : December : December : November : December : 2021 : 2022 : 2022 : 2021 : 2022 : 2022 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -------- dollars per pound -------- --------- dollars per ton -------- : Alabama ............: (D) (D) 0.838 189.00 206.00 216.00 Arizona ............: (D) 0.948 (D) (S) 434.00 433.00 Arkansas ...........: (D) 0.640 0.714 (S) (S) 375.00 California .........: (D) (S) (S) 460.00 510.00 (S) Georgia ............: 0.924 0.995 1.000 190.00 263.00 269.00 Louisiana ..........: 0.927 0.970 (D) (S) (S) (S) Mississippi ........: 0.836 (D) (D) 250.00 349.00 (S) North Carolina .....: 0.933 0.957 0.866 226.00 275.00 274.00 Tennessee ..........: 0.920 (D) 0.911 256.00 356.00 362.00 Texas ..............: 0.883 0.767 0.779 253.00 388.00 400.00 : United States ......: 0.877 0.800 0.844 239.00 323.00 329.00 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received and Marketings for Upland Cotton and Rice - United States: December 2022 with Comparisons ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Item : December 2021 : November 2022 : December 2022 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Cotton, Upland : Average price ......dollars/pound: 0.877 0.800 0.844 Marketings 1/ ........1,000 bales: 2,578 1,112 1,562 : Rice, all : Average price ........dollars/cwt: 16.80 18.70 20.40 Marketings 2/ ..........1,000 cwt: 16,373 9,702 12,085 : Rice, long : Average price ........dollars/cwt: 13.20 16.50 17.00 Marketings 2/ ..........1,000 cwt: 11,681 7,676 9,207 : Rice, medium and short : California : Average price ........dollars/cwt: 30.20 30.80 34.90 : Other States 3/ : Average price ........dollars/cwt: 13.50 17.50 17.50 : United States : Average price ........dollars/cwt: 26.00 26.90 31.20 Marketings 2/ ..........1,000 cwt: 4,692 2,026 2,878 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Marketings based on a survey of cotton buyers in the major producing States - Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Texas. 2/ Purchases by private firms and rice (rough equivalent) shipped by cooperatives. 3/ Other States include Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, and Texas. Prices Received for Hay by Type - States and United States: December 2022 with Comparisons ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : All hay : Alfalfa hay : Other hay State :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : December : November : December : December : November : December : December : November : December : 2021 : 2022 : 2022 : 2021 : 2022 : 2022 : 2021 : 2022 : 2022 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per ton : Arizona ..............: 234.00 349.00 349.00 235.00 350.00 350.00 205.00 245.00 245.00 California ...........: 240.00 335.00 354.00 260.00 350.00 370.00 205.00 285.00 300.00 Colorado .............: 222.00 259.00 259.00 215.00 260.00 260.00 240.00 250.00 250.00 Idaho ................: 223.00 257.00 268.00 225.00 260.00 270.00 180.00 230.00 240.00 Illinois .............: 162.00 170.00 165.00 170.00 190.00 185.00 140.00 120.00 120.00 Iowa .................: 164.00 172.00 173.00 172.00 176.00 186.00 148.00 152.00 154.00 Kansas ...............: 154.00 220.00 229.00 176.00 260.00 270.00 98.00 147.00 152.00 Kentucky .............: 159.00 178.00 178.00 220.00 222.00 220.00 150.00 167.00 165.00 Michigan .............: 180.00 168.00 165.00 200.00 190.00 190.00 130.00 130.00 120.00 Minnesota ............: 177.00 159.00 157.00 190.00 187.00 174.00 143.00 130.00 128.00 : Missouri .............: 117.00 146.00 146.00 165.00 170.00 170.00 105.00 140.00 140.00 Montana ..............: 241.00 233.00 233.00 250.00 235.00 235.00 215.00 220.00 225.00 Nebraska .............: 143.00 185.00 185.00 158.00 208.00 209.00 100.00 130.00 130.00 Nevada ...............: 239.00 319.00 309.00 240.00 320.00 310.00 220.00 310.00 280.00 New Mexico ...........: 226.00 290.00 290.00 230.00 300.00 300.00 210.00 235.00 235.00 New York .............: 161.00 197.00 183.00 225.00 242.00 255.00 137.00 183.00 162.00 North Dakota .........: 150.00 120.00 112.00 169.00 123.00 118.00 96.00 85.00 83.00 Ohio .................: 162.00 168.00 165.00 200.00 180.00 180.00 140.00 160.00 155.00 Oklahoma .............: 107.00 142.00 149.00 174.00 261.00 271.00 101.00 118.00 141.00 Oregon ...............: 252.00 314.00 304.00 260.00 330.00 325.00 240.00 280.00 270.00 : Pennsylvania .........: 166.00 197.00 184.00 252.00 242.00 255.00 150.00 185.00 165.00 South Dakota .........: 158.00 170.00 164.00 170.00 189.00 183.00 130.00 130.00 130.00 Texas ................: 156.00 188.00 187.00 201.00 271.00 271.00 148.00 175.00 175.00 Utah .................: 252.00 309.00 309.00 255.00 310.00 310.00 195.00 250.00 250.00 Washington ...........: 245.00 312.00 309.00 240.00 320.00 325.00 265.00 290.00 280.00 Wisconsin ............: 164.00 169.00 157.00 171.00 183.00 168.00 136.00 116.00 115.00 Wyoming ..............: 217.00 232.00 234.00 225.00 235.00 240.00 195.00 220.00 220.00 : United States ........: 193.00 239.00 235.00 217.00 267.00 269.00 155.00 182.00 177.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received for Premium and Supreme Alfalfa Hay - States and 5-State Total: December 2022 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : December 2021 : November 2022 : December 2022 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per ton : California .........: 270.00 400.00 390.00 Idaho ..............: 250.00 300.00 305.00 Michigan ...........: 220.00 215.00 215.00 Minnesota ..........: 235.00 211.00 224.00 New York ...........: 293.00 295.00 320.00 Pennsylvania .......: 290.00 310.00 333.00 Texas ..............: 243.00 334.00 334.00 Wisconsin ..........: 260.00 208.00 196.00 : 5-State Total 1/ 2/ : 260.00 331.00 327.00 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ 5-State total represents a weighted (hay purchases) average price for the five largest milk producing States (based on the pounds of milk produced during the previous month). 2/ For December 2021, includes California, Idaho, New York, Texas, and Wisconsin. For November 2022, includes California, Idaho, New York, Texas, and Wisconsin. For December 2022, includes California, Idaho, New York, Texas, and Wisconsin. Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization - States and United States: December 2021 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Equivalent returns Commodity, : FOB :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State, : packed : Packinghouse door : On-tree and type : fresh :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : All : Fresh : Process : All : Fresh : Process --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per box : Grapefruit ..........................: 44.20 20.17 32.32 5.32 17.41 29.85 2.20 : Lemons ..............................: 46.20 26.48 35.52 (D) 19.95 28.60 (D) : Oranges .............................: 36.30 15.01 25.54 9.44 11.95 22.57 6.35 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization - States and United States: November 2022 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Equivalent returns Commodity, : FOB :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State, : packed : Packinghouse door : On-tree and type : fresh :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : All : Fresh : Process : All : Fresh : Process --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per box : Grapefruit ..........................: 46.40 30.07 35.50 7.19 27.48 33.05 3.96 : Lemons ..............................: 46.00 26.80 35.32 (D) 20.24 28.40 (D) : Oranges .............................: 36.50 20.68 25.73 (D) 17.71 22.81 (D) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization - States and United States: December 2022 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Equivalent returns Commodity, : FOB :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State, : packed : Packinghouse door : On-tree and type : fresh :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : All : Fresh : Process : All : Fresh : Process --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per box : Grapefruit ..........................: 46.70 26.55 35.29 7.08 24.11 33.00 4.31 : Lemons ..............................: 42.60 20.57 31.98 (D) 14.19 25.06 (D) : Oranges .............................: 34.50 15.68 23.78 9.21 12.63 20.87 6.06 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Prices Received for All Milk - States and United States: December 2022 with Comparisons [Before deduction for hauling. Includes quality, quantity, and other premiums. Excludes hauling subsidies] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : December 2021 : November 2022 : December 2022 State :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Price :Fat test : Price :Fat test : Price : Fat test ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- :dollars per cwt percent dollars per cwt percent dollars per cwt percent : Arizona ............: 20.90 3.88 25.40 3.98 23.90 3.94 California .........: 21.40 4.20 26.40 4.23 25.50 4.27 Colorado ...........: 21.80 4.00 25.90 4.05 25.00 4.07 Florida ............: 24.50 3.68 29.40 3.79 28.10 3.78 Georgia ............: 23.40 3.71 29.20 3.96 27.70 3.97 Idaho ..............: 21.90 4.30 26.20 4.43 25.20 4.43 Illinois ...........: 21.40 4.19 25.70 4.25 24.50 4.27 Indiana ............: 21.70 4.12 26.20 4.11 25.30 4.16 Iowa ...............: 21.40 4.29 24.30 4.33 24.00 4.43 Kansas .............: 20.40 4.28 24.50 4.32 23.20 4.39 : Michigan ...........: 20.70 4.07 23.40 4.06 23.40 4.11 Minnesota ..........: 21.50 4.38 25.20 4.44 24.80 4.58 New Mexico .........: 19.90 4.11 23.60 4.10 22.20 4.10 New York ...........: 22.00 4.14 26.00 4.11 24.90 4.17 Ohio ...............: 21.80 4.10 26.00 4.08 25.50 4.17 Oregon .............: 23.70 4.41 28.70 4.59 28.20 4.60 Pennsylvania .......: 22.30 4.11 26.60 4.12 25.50 4.18 South Dakota .......: 22.80 4.67 26.10 4.66 25.90 4.72 Texas ..............: 22.10 4.41 25.80 4.42 24.40 4.40 Utah ...............: 21.60 4.12 25.90 4.19 24.40 4.20 : Vermont ............: 22.70 4.17 26.30 4.11 25.40 4.18 Virginia ...........: 23.40 4.05 29.00 4.09 27.70 4.12 Washington .........: 22.30 4.33 27.20 4.47 26.10 4.48 Wisconsin ..........: 21.50 4.17 23.60 4.18 23.30 4.23 : United States ......: 21.70 4.20 25.60 4.23 24.70 4.27 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received for Milk Cows - States and United States: January 2023 with Comparisons [Animals sold for dairy herd replacement only. Quarterly United States milk cow prices are based on revised milk cow inventory] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : January 2022 : October 2022 : January 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per head : Arizona ............: 1,500 1,700 1,850 California .........: 1,330 1,850 1,820 Colorado ...........: 1,400 1,700 1,700 Florida ............: 1,460 1,600 1,750 Georgia ............: 1,250 1,700 1,550 Idaho ..............: 1,350 1,600 1,600 Illinois ...........: 1,300 1,650 1,640 Indiana ............: 1,370 1,790 1,860 Iowa ...............: 1,380 1,750 1,670 Kansas .............: 1,450 1,600 1,700 : Michigan ...........: 1,410 1,760 1,800 Minnesota ..........: 1,320 1,630 1,560 New Mexico .........: 1,400 1,600 1,750 New York ...........: 1,330 1,670 1,720 Ohio ...............: 1,310 1,620 1,550 Oregon .............: 1,400 1,550 1,500 Pennsylvania .......: 1,400 1,740 1,800 South Dakota .......: 1,350 1,650 1,700 Texas ..............: 1,400 1,700 1,550 Utah ...............: 1,200 1,450 1,450 : Vermont ............: 1,460 1,800 1,760 Virginia ...........: 1,300 1,620 1,700 Washington .........: 1,400 1,550 1,500 Wisconsin ..........: 1,470 1,840 1,810 : United States ......: 1,380 1,730 1,720 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Parity Price Overview Parity prices, based on data from January 2022, and adjusted base price data from which parity prices are computed are presented in the tables on the following pages. Parity prices are computed under the provisions of Title III. Subtitle A, Section 301(a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 as amended by the Agricultural Acts of 1948, 1949, 1954, and 1956. The parity prices shown in this report are based on the provisions of the amended Act. Briefly, the actual method of computation is as follows: a. The average of prices received by farmers for individual commodities for the 10 preceding years is calculated (for 2022, the 10-average includes the years 2012-2021). An allowance for unredeemed loans and other supplemental payments resulting from price support programs, such as the deficiency payments for grains and cotton, is included for those commodities for which applicable. b. This 10-year average is divided by the average of the Index of Prices Received by Farmers for the same 10 preceding calendar years, adjusted to include an allowance for unredeemed loans and other supplemental price support operations, to give an "adjusted base price". c. Parity prices are computed by multiplying the "adjusted base prices" by the current Parity Index (the Index of Prices Paid by Farmers, including Interest, Taxes, and Wage Rates, 1910-1914=100). Parity prices are calculated in terms of prices received by farmers in the local markets in which they ordinarily sell. This means that the parity prices apply to the average of all classes and grades of the commodity as sold by all farmers in the United States, except as otherwise specified. Fruits and vegetables for fresh use and for processing are usually considered separate commodities and separate parity prices are calculated. The Agricultural Marketing Agreement Act of 1937 provided for parity prices for certain commodities covered by a marketing agreement or order program. Under present legislation, United States parity prices, with appropriate adjustments where needed, may be used for the purpose of this Act. Commodity Parity Prices and Price as Percent of Parity Price - United States: December 2022 with Comparisons [Parity prices are computed under the provisions of Title III, Subtitle a, Section 301 (a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 as amended by the Agricultural Acts of 1948, 1949, and 1956. See February "Agricultural Prices" for details on adjusted base price and parity price computations. Parity data not available for blank cells. Primary source of data for livestock and milk prices is United States Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Marketing Service] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Parity price : Price as percent :Adjusted : : : of parity Commodity and unit : base :----------------------------------------------------------- : price :December :November :December :December :November :December : : 2021 : 2022 : 2022 : 2021 : 2022 : 2022 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------------- dollars ------------- ------- percent ------- : Basic commodities : All wheat ............bushel: 0.530 17.90 19.70 19.70 48 46 46 Rice ....................cwt: 1.27 42.10 47.10 47.10 40 40 43 Corn .................bushel: 0.408 13.80 15.10 15.10 40 43 44 Cotton : Upland ..............pound: 0.065 2.22 2.41 2.41 40 33 35 American Pima .......pound: 0.133 4.12 4.93 4.93 29 50 50 Peanuts ...............pound: 0.022 0.719 0.816 0.816 34 37 30 Small chickpeas 1/ ......cwt: 2.23 75.10 82.70 82.70 27 36 36 Large chickpeas 1/ ......cwt: 2.82 97.00 105.00 105.00 44 33 34 Lentils 1/ ..............cwt: 2.20 74.20 81.60 81.60 49 40 43 : Designated non-basic : All milk, to plants 2/ ..cwt: 1.73 58.50 64.20 64.20 37 38 38 Honey, extracted 3/ ...pound: 0.201 6.47 7.46 7.46 39 34 34 : Wool and mohair : Wool ..................pound: 0.148 4.93 5.49 5.49 34 30 30 Mohair ................pound: 0.464 15.10 17.20 17.20 34 30 30 : Other non-basic : Apples, fresh 4/ ......pound: 0.041 1.240 1.520 1.520 58 55 58 Barley ...............bushel: 0.485 16.10 18.00 18.00 34 40 42 Canola ..................cwt: 1.82 58.50 67.50 67.50 56 43 43 Cottonseed ..............ton: 18.80 631.00 697.00 697.00 38 46 47 Dry edible beans ........cwt: 3.07 102.00 114.00 114.00 41 35 37 Flaxseed .............bushel: 1.10 35.00 40.80 40.80 89 48 45 Oats .................bushel: 0.287 9.47 10.60 10.60 60 41 44 Potatoes, fresh .........cwt: 1.07 35.60 39.70 39.70 38 51 54 Sorghum grain ...........cwt: 0.712 23.80 26.40 26.40 44 48 47 Soybeans .............bushel: 1.02 33.70 37.80 37.80 37 37 38 Sunflower, all ..........cwt: 2.01 67.60 74.60 74.60 47 38 40 : Citrus (equivalent on-tree) : Grapefruit ..............box: 1.02 30.60 37.80 37.80 57 73 64 Lemons ..................box: 2.09 66.30 77.50 77.50 30 26 18 Oranges .................box: 1.080 35.00 40.10 40.10 34 44 31 : Livestock and poultry : Beef cattle .............cwt: 11.70 389.00 434.00 434.00 35 35 35 Broilers ..............pound: 0.049 1.63 1.82 1.82 45 39 39 Calves ..................cwt: 17.20 568.00 638.00 638.00 32 32 32 Eggs 2/ ...............dozen: 0.098 3.23 3.64 3.63 36 86 106 Hogs ....................cwt: 5.45 181.00 202.00 202.00 31 33 31 Turkeys, live .........pound: 0.066 2.160 2.450 2.450 39 51 49 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Parity prices began January 2015. 2/ Seasonally adjusted price as percentage of parity price. 3/ Wholesale extracted. Adjusted base price derived from state annual averages prices weighted by production. For 1982 through 1985 the national averages are the support prices. 4/ Equivalent packinghouse-door returns for California, New York, Oregon, and Washington. Price at point of first sale for other states. Commodity Parity Prices - United States: December 2022 with Comparisons [Parity prices are computed under the provisions of Title III, Subtitle a, Section 301 (a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 as amended by the Agricultural Acts of 1948, 1949, and 1956. See February "Agricultural Prices" for details on adjusted base price and parity price computations] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Parity price : Adjusted : : : Commodity and unit : base :----------------------------------------- : price : December : November : December : : 2021 : 2022 : 2022 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars : Field crops and miscellaneous : Hops ..............................pound: 0.455 14.40 16.90 16.90 Mustard seed ........................cwt: 2.94 99.30 109.00 109.00 Rapeseed ............................cwt: 2.37 81.70 87.90 87.90 Rye ..............................bushel: 0.598 20.30 22.20 22.20 Safflower ...........................cwt: 2.17 71.90 80.50 80.50 Spearmint oil .....................pound: 1.65 55.90 61.20 61.20 Sweet potatoes ......................cwt: 2.05 67.00 76.10 76.00 : Tobacco : Flue-cured, 11-14 ...............pound: 0.185 6.08 6.86 6.86 Fire-cured, 21-23 ...............pound: 0.251 8.33 9.31 9.31 Burley, 31 ......................pound: 0.184 6.08 6.83 6.82 Maryland, 32 ....................pound: 0.177 5.72 6.57 6.56 Dark air-cured, 35-37 ...........pound: 0.224 7.42 8.31 8.31 Pennsylvania seedleaf, 41 .......pound: 0.235 7.32 8.72 8.72 : Non-citrus fruit : Apples, processing 1/ 2/ ............ton: 20.70 673.00 768.00 768.00 Apricots, fresh 3/ ..................ton: 124.00 4,080.00 4,600.00 4,600.00 Avocados 2/ 3/ ......................ton: 188.00 6,040.00 6,970.00 6,970.00 Cherries : Sweet .............................ton: 207.00 6,990.00 7,680.00 7,680.00 Tart 2/ .........................pound: 0.032 0.980 1.190 1.190 Cranberry 2/ 4/ ..................barrel: 3.20 108.00 119.00 119.00 Dates (California) 3/ ...............ton: 238.00 7,190.00 8,830.00 8,830.00 : Grapes (California) : Wine, processing ..................ton: 81.00 2,590.00 3,010.00 3,000.00 Kiwifruit 2/ ........................ton: 141.00 4,180.00 5,230.00 5,230.00 Nectarines, fresh (California) 3/ ...ton: 87.90 2,750.00 3,260.00 3,260.00 Olives, canning (California) 4/ .....ton: 109.00 3,660.00 4,040.00 4,040.00 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Commodity Parity Prices - United States: December 2022 with Comparisons (continued) [Parity prices are computed under the provisions of Title III, Subtitle a, Section 301 (a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 as amended by the Agricultural Acts of 1948, 1949, and 1956. See February "Agricultural Prices" for details on adjusted base price and parity price computations] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : : Parity price :Adjusted : : : Commodity and unit : base :-------------------------------------------- : price : December : November : December : : 2021 : 2022 : 2022 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : dollars : Non-citrus fruit - continued : Papayas (Hawaii) .................pound: 0.045 1.37 1.67 1.67 Peaches, fresh 4/ 5/ ...............ton: 113.00 3,630.00 4,190.00 4,190.00 Pears, fresh 5/ ....................ton: 61.50 2,020.00 2,280.00 2,280.00 Plums (California) equivalent on-tree : Fresh 6/ .........................ton: 90.80 2,790.00 3,370.00 3,370.00 Strawberries : Fresh 7/ .......................pound: 10.40 333.00 386.00 386.00 Processing .....................pound: 4.12 129.00 153.00 153.00 : Sugar crops : Sugar beets 2/ 8/ ................ton: 4.30 149.00 160.00 159.00 Sugarcane 2/ 8/ ..................ton: 3.39 113.00 126.00 126.00 : Tree nuts 9/ : Almonds ..........................pound: 0.247 8.30 9.16 9.16 Hazelnuts ..........................ton: 223.00 7,510.00 8,270.00 8,270.00 Pistachios .......................pound: 0.253 8.27 9.39 9.38 Walnuts ............................ton: 206.00 7,350.00 7,640.00 7,640.00 : Vegetables, fresh 7/ : Carrots 10/ ........................cwt: 2.64 88.50 97.90 97.90 Cauliflower 10/ ....................cwt: 4.21 142.00 156.00 156.00 Celery 10/ .........................cwt: 2.13 69.60 79.00 79.00 Honeydew melons ....................cwt: 2.10 68.30 77.90 77.90 Lettuce ............................cwt: 2.64 86.90 97.90 97.90 Onions 10/ .........................cwt: 1.45 46.10 53.80 53.80 Tomatoes ...........................cwt: 4.07 133.00 151.00 151.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Equivalent returns at processing plant door. 2/ Adjusted base price is carried forward from the previous year since current marketing year average price is not yet available. 3/ Equivalent returns at packinghouse door. 4/ Equivalent returns for bulk fruit at first delivery point. 5/ Equivalent packinghouse-door returns for California, New York (apples only), Oregon (except Peaches), and Washington. Price at point of first sale for other states. 6/ Based on "as sold" prices for fresh fruit in all states. 7/ FOB shipping point price. 8/ Relates to prices including average conditional payments per ton made under the sugar acts of 1937 and 1948. Crop deficiency and abandonment payments not included. 9/ Prices In-Shell basis except almonds which are shelled basis. 10/ Includes some processing. Marketing Year for Specified Commodities Rice: August 1 to July 31 for United States, Arkansas, and Mississippi; July 1 to June 30 for Louisiana and Texas; September 1 to August 31 for Missouri; October 1 to September 30 for California. Rice Market Year Average Prices Received by All and Length of Grain - States and United States: Marketing Years 2020 through 2021 ----------------------------------------------------------------- State : 2020 : 2021 ----------------------------------------------------------------- : : All rice : Arkansas ..............: 12.50 13.50 California ............: 22.80 32.00 Louisiana .............: 12.60 13.70 Mississippi ...........: 12.50 13.50 Missouri ..............: 12.10 13.60 Texas .................: 13.30 14.20 : United States 1/ ......: 14.40 16.10 : Long grain : United States 1/ ......: 12.60 13.60 : Medium and short grain : California ............: 22.60 31.90 Other States 1/ .......: 13.00 13.90 : United States 1/ ......: 20.10 26.40 ----------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Based on state prices weighted by marketings for August through July. All Rice Prices Received and Marketing Percentages by Month - United States: Marketing Years 2021-2022 through 2022-2023 [Marketing year average (MYA) prices are weighted average prices for the United States marketing year of August through July] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Prices received : Farm marketings 1/ Month :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2021-2022 2/ : 2022-2023 2/ : 2021-2022 2/ : 2022-2023 2/ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ dollars per cwt ------ ---------- 1,000 cwt --------- : August ....: 15.40 19.30 8,070 4,686 September .: 14.20 17.70 10,527 9,237 October ...: 15.00 17.70 12,897 10,310 November ..: 15.60 18.70 13,461 9,702 December ..: 16.80 20.40 16,373 12,085 January 3/ : 17.10 18,648 February ..: 15.60 13,781 March .....: 15.70 14,143 April .....: 16.10 12,707 May .......: 16.90 9,603 June ......: 17.80 8,722 July ......: 17.70 7,929 : MYA .......: 16.10 146,861 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Purchases from producers as reported by private firms and rice (rough equivalent) shipped from producers as reported by cooperative mills. 2/ Prices and marketings include late reports and revised data for October 2021 - November 2022. Final monthly prices, marketings, and MYA price will be published in the January 2024 "Agricultural Prices" report. 3/ Second year. Long Grain Rice Prices Received and Marketing Percentages by Month - United States: Marketing Years 2021-2022 through 2022-2023 [Marketing year average (MYA) prices are weighted average prices for the United States marketing year of August through July] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Prices received : Farm marketings 1/ Month :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2021-2022 2/ : 2022-2023 2/ : 2021-2022 2/ : 2022-2023 2/ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ dollars per cwt ------ ---------- 1,000 cwt --------- : August ....: 13.20 15.80 6,038 3,455 September .: 13.00 16.10 9,045 7,464 October ...: 13.10 16.20 11,207 8,685 November ..: 13.10 16.50 10,802 7,676 December ..: 13.20 17.00 11,681 9,207 January 3/ : 13.50 14,223 February ..: 13.70 11,650 March .....: 14.00 12,040 April .....: 14.10 10,616 May .......: 14.30 7,550 June ......: 14.60 6,696 July ......: 14.50 6,117 : MYA .......: 13.60 117,665 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Purchases from producers as reported by private firms and rice (rough equivalent) shipped from producers as reported by cooperative mills. 2/ Prices and marketings include late reports and revised data for October 2021 - November 2022. Final monthly prices, marketings, and MYA price will be published in the January 2024 "Agricultural Prices" report. 3/ Second year. Medium and Short Grain Rice Prices Received and Marketing Percentages by Month - United States: Marketing Years 2021-2021 through 2022-2023 [Marketing year average (MYA) prices are weighted average prices for the United States marketing year of August through July] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Prices received : Farm marketings 1/ Month :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2021-2022 2/ : 2022-2023 2/ : 2021-2022 2/ : 2022-2023 2/ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ dollars per cwt ------ ---------- 1,000 cwt --------- : August ....: 22.00 29.30 2,032 1,231 September .: 21.60 24.20 1,482 1,773 October ...: 27.70 25.80 1,690 1,625 November ..: 25.90 26.90 2,659 2,026 December ..: 26.00 31.20 4,692 2,878 January 3/ : 28.80 4,425 February ..: 26.30 2,131 March .....: 25.50 2,103 April .....: 26.50 2,091 May .......: 26.60 2,053 June ......: 28.50 2,026 July ......: 28.50 1,812 : MYA .......: 26.40 29,196 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Purchases from producers as reported by private firms and rice (rough equivalent) shipped from producers as reported by cooperative mills. 2/ Prices and marketings include late reports and revised data for October 2021 - November 2022. Final monthly prices, marketings, and MYA price will be published in the January 2024 "Agricultural Prices" report. 3/ Second year. Medium and Short Grain Rice Prices Received by Month - California and Other States: Marketing Years 2021-2022 through 2022-2023 [Marketing year for California: October - September. Marketing Year for Other States: August - July. Other States include Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, and Texas] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : California : Other States Month :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2021-2022 1/ : 2022-2023 1/ : 2021-2022 : 2022-2023 2/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ dollars per cwt ------ ------ dollars per cwt ------ : August ......: 22.80 32.70 13.40 17.00 September ...: 22.60 32.70 13.10 17.20 October .....: 32.20 31.50 13.30 17.40 November ....: 31.70 30.80 13.40 17.50 December ....: 30.20 34.90 13.50 17.50 January 3/ ..: 31.80 13.70 February ....: 31.70 13.90 March .......: 32.30 13.90 April .......: 32.60 14.30 May .........: 32.40 14.20 June ........: 32.60 14.70 July ........: 33.70 15.70 August ......: 32.70 17.00 September ...: 32.70 17.20 : MYA .........: 31.90 13.90 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Prices include late reports and revised data for October 2021 - November 2022. 2/ Prices include late reports and revised data for August 2022 - November 2022. Final monthly prices and MYA price will be published in the October 2023 "Agricultural Prices" report. 3/ Second year. Prices Received Indexes as a Percent of 2011 Base, Monthly and Annual Average - United States: 2018-2022 [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Agricultural production :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 86.1 90.9 95.0 92.9 94.6 94.9 91.5 89.5 88.3 85.1 88.4 90.0 90.2 2019 ..: 86.0 89.8 92.9 93.4 92.2 93.4 91.1 91.4 88.0 86.1 89.8 91.1 89.9 2020 ..: 88.7 90.6 92.5 81.9 84.5 88.0 86.5 86.7 88.6 88.7 92.6 90.9 94.9 2021 ..: 89.5 94.8 97.6 104.3 106.3 107.3 106.9 109.5 108.6 106.8 108.6 112.7 109.9 2022 ..: 111.8 119.9 127.5 133.9 134.8 135.0 133.9 131.4 131.2 127.7 133.5 137.7 130.2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Crop production :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 78.4 86.3 87.7 88.4 88.7 89.8 86.5 89.3 87.8 80.0 83.9 87.4 85.3 2019 ..: 78.0 84.3 87.2 85.2 84.0 89.5 88.9 89.4 88.4 83.0 84.8 86.0 84.8 2020 ..: 82.2 86.5 87.3 86.2 86.6 89.4 88.4 89.8 93.0 87.7 91.5 91.2 100.4 2021 ..: 88.3 97.2 98.4 105.0 106.0 107.4 106.7 110.4 108.5 106.2 107.2 106.4 114.4 2022 ..: 104.9 114.4 120.8 122.7 123.4 126.0 124.7 128.6 127.0 121.9 127.2 128.6 123.3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Grain and oilseed :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 64.8 66.4 68.4 69.6 69.5 67.8 65.7 65.4 65.0 64.8 62.3 64.6 64.5 2019 ..: 64.8 65.3 65.0 63.5 63.1 66.9 67.0 65.8 65.2 67.2 65.0 66.0 64.6 2020 ..: 67.4 67.2 66.1 62.5 60.9 60.6 61.4 61.8 66.1 70.4 71.7 75.0 87.0 2021 ..: 78.5 88.4 90.6 96.8 104.1 101.6 99.7 104.1 96.1 91.9 93.1 97.8 109.6 2022 ..: 99.3 109.6 116.1 122.2 124.9 126.1 120.5 121.1 116.6 109.2 110.9 113.6 113.1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Food grain :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 74.1 75.3 76.8 79.2 79.7 72.9 69.8 75.2 73.6 75.9 78.3 76.9 66.6 2019 ..: 73.8 74.5 72.9 70.8 68.8 66.6 62.2 62.9 65.1 71.3 74.2 73.8 72.7 2020 ..: 77.8 78.6 79.3 79.6 79.1 68.8 65.1 68.0 72.5 77.1 81.4 82.5 79.8 2021 ..: 84.2 88.9 88.6 90.3 96.6 88.6 86.4 98.4 105.0 110.5 113.2 118.0 115.5 2022 ..: 118.0 120.3 127.8 131.0 138.6 128.9 118.0 118.6 120.7 124.6 126.3 128.5 124.1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Feed grain :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 55.2 56.9 58.9 59.9 61.4 60.2 58.7 58.2 57.6 57.2 57.0 59.2 61.2 2019 ..: 59.4 60.3 60.6 59.0 60.6 66.6 69.7 66.6 63.8 64.1 61.2 61.7 59.2 2020 ..: 63.1 63.1 61.6 55.1 53.6 53.2 54.7 54.1 57.9 60.8 64.1 67.2 81.4 2021 ..: 71.2 80.0 82.0 88.8 98.5 99.8 101.7 104.7 91.3 83.9 87.9 91.5 104.9 2022 ..: 93.2 101.7 109.4 117.7 120.8 122.5 120.0 121.1 118.3 108.7 108.6 110.1 111.4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Oilseed :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 74.1 75.3 76.8 79.2 79.7 72.9 69.8 75.2 73.6 75.9 78.3 76.9 66.6 2019 ..: 73.8 74.5 72.9 70.8 68.8 66.6 62.2 62.9 65.1 71.3 74.2 73.8 72.7 2020 ..: 77.8 78.6 79.3 79.6 79.1 68.8 65.1 68.0 72.5 77.1 81.4 82.5 79.8 2021 ..: 84.2 88.9 88.6 90.3 96.6 88.6 86.4 98.4 105.0 110.5 113.2 118.0 115.5 2022 ..: 118.0 120.3 127.8 131.0 138.6 128.9 118.0 118.6 120.7 124.6 126.3 128.5 124.1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Fruit and tree nut :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 134.3 136.9 125.9 122.0 111.3 131.5 129.3 126.3 129.1 128.1 127.9 123.4 128.1 2019 ..: 118.0 110.4 114.2 106.5 98.5 112.9 120.7 124.4 127.8 127.1 125.9 123.5 119.3 2020 ..: 113.0 129.2 127.4 121.4 121.4 135.5 146.2 141.1 142.2 145.3 145.1 134.9 137.2 2021 ..: 125.7 125.2 120.1 138.5 123.1 127.8 129.9 133.5 132.4 133.8 134.8 132.0 134.6 2022 ..: 134.8 134.8 125.0 134.2 131.3 139.4 141.1 154.5 154.0 157.3 155.2 149.8 155.1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Prices Received Indexes as a Percent of 2011 Base, Monthly and Annual Average - United States: 2018-2022 (continued) [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Vegetables & melons :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 101.8 96.7 117.5 95.1 104.3 99.6 88.5 93.3 91.0 97.8 143.7 153.0 108.1 2019 ..: 117.2 122.8 144.4 113.7 104.5 127.5 121.9 102.1 99.5 123.5 144.5 135.1 121.5 2020 ..: 188.4 110.7 127.7 111.1 108.7 132.7 118.1 100.1 122.9 133.7 150.6 116.7 126.2 2021 ..: 120.8 98.6 104.4 93.0 93.5 103.3 103.7 99.3 123.0 193.2 174.1 121.9 120.3 2022 ..: 132.1 131.5 174.4 128.4 127.6 127.9 137.1 142.9 161.2 240.2 305.4 296.7 175.7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Other crop :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 83.0 79.8 80.8 82.8 87.2 91.6 92.7 92.6 96.3 91.9 89.3 90.5 90.3 2019 ..: 84.9 84.8 86.4 88.1 91.0 93.7 92.9 86.8 94.0 87.3 82.2 82.9 84.0 2020 ..: 80.4 80.4 79.4 78.5 80.9 85.5 87.0 86.6 92.9 87.9 84.4 85.5 87.8 2021 ..: 86.2 88.6 88.7 89.5 97.5 103.0 103.0 105.2 109.9 107.4 104.3 105.0 108.8 2022 ..: 107.8 109.4 111.6 112.7 111.4 118.0 126.1 124.5 127.1 121.9 110.3 109.9 115.4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Food commodity :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 92.7 95.2 99.9 96.1 98.0 98.6 94.8 91.9 90.7 88.8 94.1 94.3 93.7 2019 ..: 92.3 93.8 97.5 97.3 95.6 96.3 93.2 94.0 89.9 89.3 96.6 96.9 94.7 2020 ..: 96.1 95.0 97.7 84.2 87.6 92.3 90.3 90.0 91.9 93.9 100.2 95.5 97.1 2021 ..: 94.0 96.8 100.0 106.9 107.7 108.7 107.9 110.6 111.2 111.6 114.5 118.4 111.0 2022 ..: 119.1 125.6 133.7 139.7 140.7 140.5 139.1 135.4 135.5 133.8 145.4 150.1 137.1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Livestock production :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 94.7 94.2 99.8 95.7 98.3 98.5 95.6 89.7 88.7 91.4 92.7 92.3 94.3 2019 ..: 97.7 95.0 97.8 100.4 99.2 97.0 93.7 93.3 87.5 90.9 96.2 97.1 95.6 2020 ..: 98.4 94.6 97.1 78.2 82.6 86.7 84.4 83.6 83.8 90.2 93.9 90.5 88.8 2021 ..: 91.2 92.6 96.8 103.6 106.6 107.2 107.1 108.7 108.6 107.8 110.2 120.1 105.1 2022 ..: 124.3 126.1 134.4 145.1 146.0 145.0 145.8 134.6 136.3 138.9 143.4 150.4 139.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Meat animal :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 99.3 103.4 101.8 96.3 99.2 96.1 94.5 90.5 88.7 93.1 93.1 93.1 95.8 2019 ..: 96.7 97.6 100.7 104.9 102.0 97.2 94.9 94.9 86.0 89.7 92.9 94.7 96.1 2020 ..: 98.5 96.5 92.8 87.5 91.4 88.0 79.9 85.2 87.8 91.8 91.1 89.8 90.0 2021 ..: 91.7 95.3 99.8 106.2 106.8 109.9 109.7 110.2 108.3 106.2 106.9 110.1 105.3 2022 ..: 111.1 116.2 119.6 120.0 121.1 121.3 124.1 124.7 122.0 122.6 124.7 123.8 121.1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Cattle :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 105.7 109.8 109.7 104.6 105.0 98.0 96.2 96.5 95.7 98.4 100.4 102.8 101.8 2019 ..: 106.2 107.8 110.3 109.7 104.3 99.4 97.6 96.7 90.4 94.7 99.7 103.3 101.6 2020 ..: 107.0 105.2 99.3 94.8 95.4 95.3 85.4 90.5 91.8 94.1 95.3 95.6 95.8 2021 ..: 97.2 98.7 99.5 103.8 103.1 105.5 106.6 107.8 108.9 108.7 113.3 119.8 106.1 2022 ..: 118.5 120.4 121.7 121.7 123.0 122.2 123.9 123.6 125.4 127.8 132.7 134.8 124.6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Hog :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 78.9 82.1 75.2 68.1 77.4 88.9 88.1 66.6 65.0 75.6 69.5 65.3 75.1 2019 ..: 67.1 65.3 69.9 89.3 93.7 89.5 85.1 88.0 71.7 73.8 72.2 71.1 78.1 2020 ..: 71.9 68.4 71.7 63.6 76.7 62.1 60.0 64.5 74.7 84.7 78.0 73.8 70.9 2021 ..: 75.5 84.8 101.1 113.7 119.2 124.4 120.3 118.8 106.5 98.5 88.1 85.0 103.0 2022 ..: 88.4 103.2 112.9 114.6 114.1 118.3 124.8 129.0 111.0 106.0 100.3 94.0 109.7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Prices Received Indexes as a Percent of 2011 Base, Monthly and Annual Average - United States: 2018-2022 (continued) [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Dairy :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 80.6 76.1 77.6 78.6 80.6 81.1 77.1 80.1 84.1 87.1 85.6 82.6 80.9 2019 ..: 82.6 83.6 87.6 88.1 89.6 90.0 93.0 94.0 96.0 100.0 105.5 103.0 92.7 2020 ..: 97.0 93.5 88.6 71.1 67.7 90.0 102.0 92.0 87.6 98.5 104.5 90.0 90.2 2021 ..: 87.1 83.1 86.1 91.0 95.0 90.5 88.6 87.6 91.0 97.5 103.0 108.0 92.4 2022 ..: 120.4 122.9 128.9 134.8 135.8 133.8 127.9 120.9 121.4 128.9 127.4 122.9 127.2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Poultry :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 111.2 112.0 140.2 129.2 131.5 137.1 130.0 104.1 96.6 95.5 105.0 108.4 116.5 2019 ..: 111.8 99.9 101.3 103.1 102.7 102.8 91.9 89.4 83.2 86.0 95.1 96.7 96.9 2020 ..: 99.4 91.8 112.2 67.0 79.3 81.5 79.6 74.4 73.7 81.4 91.2 92.0 85.3 2021 ..: 93.7 96.2 101.3 111.7 118.1 119.4 119.5 124.4 125.8 120.3 124.4 151.1 117.1 2022 ..: 160.4 154.3 178.0 216.9 214.6 213.1 214.9 173.8 186.8 189.3 207.3 239.3 195.2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Weighted index using monthly commodity market shares. Prices Received Indexes as a Percent of 1910-1914 Base, Monthly and Annual Average - United States: 2018-2022 [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Agricultural production :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 888 938 981 958 976 980 944 924 911 879 912 929 934 2019 ..: 888 927 959 964 952 964 941 943 908 888 927 940 928 2020 ..: 916 935 955 846 872 908 893 895 914 915 955 938 912 2021 ..: 923 978 1007 1076 1097 1108 1104 1130 1121 1102 1120 1164 1077 2022 ..: 1154 1238 1316 1382 1391 1394 1382 1357 1354 1318 1378 1421 1340 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Crop production :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 684 752 765 771 774 783 755 779 766 698 732 762 748 2019 ..: 680 735 760 743 732 780 775 779 771 724 739 750 738 2020 ..: 717 754 761 752 755 779 770 783 811 765 798 795 881 2021 ..: 769 847 858 916 924 937 930 962 946 925 935 928 1003 2022 ..: 914 997 1053 1069 1076 1098 1087 1121 1107 1063 1109 1121 1082 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Livestock production :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 2229 2248 2177 2066 2036 2003 1987 1986 2049 2119 2075 2091 2098 2019 ..: 2092 2071 2088 2202 2071 1919 1934 1879 1876 1963 2007 2025 2011 2020 ..: 2119 2069 1946 1756 1785 1789 1838 1894 1929 1964 2018 2037 1929 2021 ..: 2047 2093 2124 2180 2058 2083 2145 2177 2174 2230 2225 2312 2154 2022 ..: 2383 2479 2418 2413 2315 2330 2397 2470 2448 2441 2498 2554 2429 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Weighted index using monthly commodity market shares. Reliability of Prices Received Estimates Definition: Prices received represent sales from producers to first buyers. They include all grades and qualities. The average commodity price from the survey multiplied by the total quantity marketed theoretically should give the total cash receipts for the commodity. Survey procedures: Primary sales data used to determine grain prices were obtained from probability samples of about 1,900 mills and elevators. These procedures ensure that virtually all grain moving into commercial channels has a chance of being included in the survey. Generally, States surveyed account for 90 percent or more of total United States production. Livestock prices are obtained from packers, stockyards, auctions, dealers, and market check data from AMS-USDA, private marketing organizations, and state commodity groups and agencies. Inter-farm sales of grain and livestock are not included since they represent very small percentages of the total sales. Grain marketed for seed is also excluded. Fruit and vegetable prices are obtained from sample surveys and market check data from AMS-USDA, private marketing organizations, state agencies, and universities. Summary and estimation procedures: Survey quantities sold are expanded by strata to state levels and used to weight average strata prices to a state average. State prices are then weighted to a United States price based on expanded sales. Recommendations are prepared by the Regional Field Offices and reviewed by the Agricultural Statistics Board in Washington, D.C. State recommendations are reviewed for reasonableness with survey data, other States, and recent historic estimates. Revisions: In general, revisions are made during annual commodity market year estimation time, following five-year Census revisions, or when later information is received. Revisions are published in monthly issues of Agricultural Prices. Reliability: United States price estimates based on probability surveys generally have a sampling error of less than one percent for the major commodities such as corn, wheat, soybeans, cotton, and rice. Current methods of summarization for non-probability commodities are not designed directly to calculate sampling errors. However, analytical measures approximate the United States relative sampling errors at around five percent. Any non- sampling errors are attributed to such things as the inability to obtain correct information, differences in interpreting questions or definitions, mistakes in coding or processing the data, etc. Efforts are made at each step in the survey process to minimize these non-sampling errors. Program Changes: See Price Program Links at the end of this report for details on program changes to the Prices Program methodology. December Prices Paid by Farmers The December Prices Paid Index for Commodities and Services, Interest, Taxes, and Farm Wage Rates (PPITW), at 137.1, is unchanged from November 2022 but up 9.6 percent from December 2021. Production: The December index, at 136.7, is up 0.1 percent from November and 11 percent from last year. Higher prices in December for feeder pigs, other services, feeder cattle, and herbicides slightly offset lower prices for diesel, gasoline, LP gas, and complete feeds. Feed: At 143.8, the December index decreased 0.2 percent from November but increased 14 percent from last December. Since November, lower prices for complete feeds, hay & forages, and concentrates more than offset higher prices for feed grains and supplements. Livestock and poultry: The December index, at 129.3, increased 2.2 percent from November and 10 percent from last year. Since November, prices are higher for feeder cattle and feeder pigs. The December feeder cattle price, at $180.00 per cwt, is up $2.00 per cwt from the November price. The December feeder pigs price, at $176.00 per cwt, is up $30.00 per cwt from November. Fertilizer: The index for December, at 132.5, is down 0.3 percent from November but up 11 percent from December a year ago. Since November, lower prices for nitrogen more than offset higher prices for mixed fertilizer. Potash & phosphate prices are unchanged. Chemicals: The December index, at 158.4, is up 1.8 percent from November and 44 percent from last December. Fuels: At 94.8, the December index is down 17 percent from November but up 14 percent from December 2021. Compared with November, prices are lower for diesel, gasoline, and LP gas. Machinery: The index for December, at 178.3, decreased 0.3 percent from November but increased 11 percent from last December. Compared with last month, prices are lower for other machinery and tractors. Self-propelled machinery prices are unchanged. Consumer Price Index: The December 2022 Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U), as issued by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, was down over the last 12 months to an index level of 132.0 (1982-1984=100). For the month, the index decreased 0.3 percent prior to seasonal adjustment. Prices Paid Indexes and Related Parity Ratios - United States: December 2022 with Comparisons [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1910-1914 Base : 2011 Base Index Group :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- and : December : November : December : December : November : December Ratios : 2021 : 2022 : 2022 : 2021 : 2022 : 2022 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : Prices paid by farmers for : commodities, services, : interest, taxes, and wage : rates (PPITW) ...................: 3385 3710 3709 125.1 137.1 137.1 Production ....................: 2567 2844 2845 123.3 136.6 136.7 Feed ........................: 1385 1587 1583 125.8 144.1 143.8 Livestock and poultry .......: 2312 2498 2554 117.1 126.5 129.3 Seeds .......................: 3856 3856 3856 117.3 117.3 117.3 Fertilizer ..................: 1435 1601 1596 119.1 132.9 132.5 Chemicals ...................: 990 1397 1422 110.3 155.6 158.4 Fuels .......................: 2335 3005 2652 83.5 107.4 94.8 Supplies and repairs ........: 1558 1667 1663 132.1 141.3 141.0 : Autos and trucks ............: 3696 3917 3920 120.2 127.4 127.5 Machinery ...................: 9774 10924 10889 160.0 178.8 178.3 Building materials ..........: 3532 3814 3802 151.8 163.9 163.4 Services and rent ...........: 2814 2974 2989 (NA) (NA) (NA) Services ....................: (NA) (NA) (NA) 123.6 134.2 135.3 Rent ........................: (NA) (NA) (NA) 116.1 117.0 126.1 : Interest 1/ ...................: 3993 4119 4119 109.5 112.9 112.9 Taxes 2/ ......................: 7721 8008 8008 130.0 134.9 134.9 Wage rates ....................: 10618 11341 11341 148.3 158.4 158.4 Family living-CPI 3/ ..........: 2649 2829 2820 124.0 132.4 132.0 : Production, interest, taxes, : and wage rates (PITW) .........: 3535 3891 3892 125.3 137.9 138.0 : Ratio (received/paid) ...........: (NA) (NA) (NA) 90 98 101 Parity ratio 4/ .................: 34 37 38 (NA) (NA) (NA) Parity ratio adjusted 5/ ........: 36 38 39 (NA) (NA) (NA) PPITW adjusted for : productivity 6/ ...............: 1876 2038 2037 (NA) (NA) (NA) : Crop sector (PPITW) .............: (NA) (NA) (NA) 125.1 136.7 136.4 Livestock sector (PPITW) ........: (NA) (NA) (NA) 125.2 137.6 129.3 : Farm sector (production) ........: (NA) (NA) (NA) 121.3 133.3 134.1 Non-farm sector (production) ....: (NA) (NA) (NA) 124.5 138.8 138.3 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Interest per acre on farm real estate debt and interest rate on farm non-real estate debt. 2/ Farm real estate taxes payable per acre. 3/ Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Price Index for all urban consumers (CPI-U), converted by the USDA. 4/ Ratio of index of prices received to PPITW (1910-1914=100). 5/ Based on estimated cash receipts, from marketings and government payments, the preliminary adjustment factor is updated annually. 6/ PPITW is adjusted based on productivity trend for the prior 15 years. Prices Paid Indexes and Annual Weights for Input Components and Sub-components - United States: December 2022 with Comparisons [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov. Relative weights are a five year moving average] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Relative weights : Indexes (2011=100) :------------------------------------------------------- Index Group : : :December :November :December : 2021 : 2022 : 2021 : 2022 : 2022 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : Production items ............: 72.8 72.5 123.3 136.6 136.7 : Feed ......................: 13.8 13.6 125.8 144.1 143.8 Feed grains .............: 2.0 1.9 94.0 110.9 112.0 Complete feeds ..........: 6.7 6.7 133.7 151.0 150.1 Hay and forages .........: 1.7 1.7 126.0 152.3 151.4 Concentrates ............: 2.2 2.2 123.3 136.5 136.1 Supplements .............: 1.2 1.1 137.8 162.8 164.4 Livestock and poultry .....: 9.5 9.6 117.1 126.5 129.3 Feeder cattle ...........: 7.4 7.5 117.6 129.9 131.4 Feeder pigs .............: 0.8 0.8 135.0 104.3 125.7 Milk cow replacements ...: 0.8 0.8 94.4 121.8 121.8 Poultry .................: 0.6 0.6 117.7 117.7 117.7 : Seeds .....................: 5.0 5.1 117.3 117.3 117.3 Field crops .............: 4.6 4.6 115.8 115.8 115.8 Grasses and legumes .....: 0.5 0.5 132.0 132.0 132.0 Fertilizer ................: 5.4 5.5 119.1 132.9 132.5 Mixed fertilizer ........: 2.4 2.4 106.8 125.2 125.8 Nitrogen ................: 2.3 2.3 136.0 150.1 148.5 Potash and phosphate ....: 0.8 0.8 107.0 105.7 105.7 Chemicals .................: 3.6 3.6 110.3 155.6 158.4 Herbicides ..............: 2.2 2.3 113.0 159.5 162.4 Insecticides ............: 0.8 0.8 105.9 149.5 152.2 Fungicides and other ....: 0.5 0.5 105.1 148.3 150.9 : Fuels .....................: 3.3 2.7 83.5 107.4 94.8 Diesel ..................: 2.0 1.7 81.4 118.7 106.5 Gasoline ................: 0.7 0.6 86.4 97.6 85.4 LP gas ..................: 0.5 0.5 87.8 77.9 63.3 Supplies and repairs ......: 4.5 4.5 132.1 141.3 141.0 Supplies ................: 1.5 1.5 132.7 144.1 144.0 Repairs .................: 3.0 3.0 131.8 139.9 139.5 Autos and trucks ..........: 1.1 1.2 120.2 127.4 127.5 Autos ...................: 0.1 0.2 114.4 121.3 121.5 Trucks ..................: 1.0 1.0 121.1 128.3 128.4 : Machinery .................: 4.3 4.3 160.0 178.8 178.3 Tractors ................: 0.9 0.9 135.3 149.2 148.7 Self-propelled ..........: 1.7 1.7 156.3 184.4 184.4 Other machinery .........: 1.6 1.6 178.2 190.1 188.9 Building materials ........: 3.7 3.6 151.8 163.9 163.4 Services ..................: 11.8 11.7 123.6 134.2 135.3 Custom rates ............: 1.2 1.2 114.7 126.0 126.0 Other services ..........: 10.6 10.5 124.7 135.1 136.3 Rent ......................: 6.8 7.0 116.1 117.0 117.0 Cash ....................: 3.6 3.8 124.5 126.1 126.1 Share ...................: 3.1 3.2 106.5 106.5 106.5 : Interest ....................: 2.5 2.2 109.5 112.9 112.9 Taxes .......................: 3.1 3.2 130.0 134.9 134.9 Wage rates ..................: 7.5 7.8 148.3 158.4 158.4 Family living-CPI ...........: 14.1 14.3 124.0 132.4 132.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Feed Price Ratios - United States: December 2022 with Comparisons ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Feed price ratio 1/ :December 2021 :November 2022 :December 2022 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Broiler-feed: pounds of broiler grower feed equal : in value to 1 pound of broiler, live weight 2/ ......: 5.1 4.3 4.2 : Market egg feed: pounds of laying feed equal in : value to 1 dozen eggs 3/ ............................: 9.3 23.6 32.2 : Hog-corn: bushels of corn equal in value to : 100 pounds of hog, live weight ......................: 10.3 10.3 9.5 : Milk-feed: pounds of 16% mixed dairy feed equal : in value to 1 pound of whole milk 4/ ................: 1.96 1.93 1.84 : Steer & heifer-corn: bushels of corn equal : in value to 100 pounds of steer & heifers, : live weight .......................................: 25.8 23.7 24.0 : Turkey-feed: pounds of turkey grower equal in : value to 1 pound of turkey, live weight 5/ ..........: 6.1 8.1 7.6 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Effective January 1995, prices of commercial prepared feeds are based on current United States prices received for corn, soybeans, alfalfa hay, and all wheat. 2/ The price of commercial prepared broiler feed is based on current United States prices received for corn and soybeans. The modeled feed uses 58 percent corn and 42 percent soybeans. 3/ The price of commercial prepared layer feed is based on current United States prices received for corn and soybeans. The modeled feed uses 75 percent corn and 25 percent soybeans. 4/ The price of commercial prepared dairy feed is based on current United States prices received for corn, soybeans, and alfalfa. The modeled feed uses 51 percent corn, 8 percent soybeans, and 41 percent alfalfa. 5/ The price of commercial prepared turkey feed is based on current United States prices received for corn, soybeans, and wheat. The modeled feed uses 51 percent corn, 28 percent soybeans, and 21 percent wheat. Prices Received Used to Calculate Feed Price Ratios - United States: December 2022 with Comparisons [Price data source for livestock and poultry commodities is United States Department of Agriculture's Agriculture Marketing Service] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Item :December 2021 :November 2022 :December 2022 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars : Broilers, live ................pound: 0.735 0.714 0.711 Eggs, market ..................dozen: 1.16 3.43 4.77 : Hogs, all .......................cwt: 56.50 66.70 62.50 Milk, all .......................cwt: 21.70 25.60 24.70 : Steers and heifers ..............cwt: 141.00 154.00 158.00 Turkeys, live .................pound: 0.839 1.260 1.200 : Corn .........................bushel: 5.47 6.49 6.58 Hay, alfalfa ....................ton: 217.00 267.00 269.00 : Soybeans .....................bushel: 12.50 14.00 14.40 Wheat, all ...................bushel: 8.59 9.16 8.98 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Paid for Feeder Livestock - United States: December 2022 with Comparisons [Price data source is United States Department of Agriculture's Agriculture Marketing Service] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Item :December 2021 :November 2022 :December 2022 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars : Feeder cattle & calves ..........cwt: 161.00 178.00 180.00 Feeder pigs .....................cwt: 189.00 146.00 176.00 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Annual Average Prices Paid for Feeder Livestock - United States: 2017-2022 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Item : 2017 : 2018 : 2019 : 2020 : 2021 : 2022 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : dollars : Feeders and stockers : Cattle and calves .......cwt:146.00 148.00 141.00 138.00 147.00 168.00 Feeder pigs .............cwt:141.00 132.00 150.00 92.10 185.00 194.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Grazing Fee Rates for Cattle - States, Regions, and United States: 2021 and 2022 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Survey average rates 1/ :----------------------------------------------------------------- State : Animal unit 2/ : Cow-calf : Per head :----------------------------------------------------------------- : 2021 : 2022 : 2021 : 2022 : 2021 : 2022 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per month : Arizona .........: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) California ......: 22.00 22.80 27.60 (S) 24.00 25.80 Colorado ........: 19.50 19.50 23.50 23.00 20.00 20.00 Idaho ...........: 19.00 19.00 22.50 22.50 19.50 19.50 Kansas ..........: 22.50 23.00 27.00 28.50 28.00 30.50 Montana .........: 26.50 27.00 28.00 28.00 26.00 26.50 Nebraska ........: 49.00 44.00 58.00 52.00 44.00 43.00 Nevada ..........: (S) (S) (S) (S) 18.00 (S) New Mexico ......: 16.50 16.50 (S) (S) 17.00 17.00 North Dakota ....: 23.00 23.50 25.00 27.50 (S) 24.00 : Oklahoma ........: 11.00 10.00 (S) 14.00 11.50 13.00 Oregon ..........: 18.50 19.00 21.50 22.00 21.50 22.50 South Dakota ....: 33.00 37.00 38.00 44.00 37.00 43.00 Texas ...........: 10.00 12.00 (S) (S) 14.00 17.00 Utah ............: 18.50 19.00 20.00 (S) 19.50 19.50 Washington ......: 14.50 16.00 (S) (S) (S) (S) Wyoming .........: 24.50 24.50 25.50 26.50 24.50 25.00 : 17-State 3/ .....: 21.20 21.50 24.70 25.70 22.80 24.60 16-State 4/ .....: 24.90 24.60 28.70 29.20 25.70 27.10 11-State 5/ .....: 20.70 21.00 23.60 23.90 21.90 22.50 9-State 6/ ......: 21.30 21.60 24.90 26.10 23.00 25.00 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1/ The average rates are estimates based on survey indications of monthly lease rates for private, non-irrigated grazing land from the January Cattle Survey. 2/ Animal unit (AUM) rate includes survey rates for both animal unit and cow-calf. The rate is converted to an AUM rate using a multiplier factor of 0.833. The multiplier factor is the conversion of a 1,200 pound cow to a 1,000 pound cow. 3/ 17 Western States: Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. 4/ 16 Western States: Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. 5/ 11 Western States: Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. 6/ 9 Great Plains States: Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming. Prices Paid Indexes as a Percent of 2011 Base, Monthly and Annual Average - United States: 2018-2022 [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Commodities, services, interest, taxes, and wage rates : (PPITW) :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 108.6 109.5 109.7 109.3 109.7 109.4 109.5 109.6 109.5 110.0 110.1 110.3 110.7 2019 ..: 110.7 110.7 110.8 111.3 110.7 110.2 110.3 109.5 109.1 109.8 110.0 110.0 110.3 2020 ..: 110.9 110.6 109.7 108.5 108.5 108.7 109.5 109.8 110.3 111.1 112.0 112.7 110.2 2021 ..: 113.4 114.7 116.0 117.0 117.9 119.2 120.4 120.9 121.3 122.6 123.7 125.1 119.4 2022 ..: 128.7 130.7 132.7 135.1 135.1 135.6 136.2 136.9 136.7 137.1 137.1 137.1 134.9 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Items used for production, interest, taxes, and wage rates : (PITW) :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 108.3 109.3 109.4 109.0 109.4 109.0 109.1 109.2 109.1 109.7 109.8 110.0 110.5 2019 ..: 110.5 110.4 110.4 110.9 110.2 109.6 109.7 108.8 108.3 109.1 109.2 109.3 109.7 2020 ..: 110.3 109.9 108.9 107.6 107.7 107.8 108.6 108.9 109.4 110.4 111.4 112.2 109.4 2021 ..: 112.9 114.4 115.7 116.7 117.6 118.9 120.2 120.8 121.2 122.6 123.7 125.3 119.2 2022 ..: 129.3 131.5 133.5 136.1 135.9 136.3 137.0 137.7 137.5 137.8 137.9 138.0 135.7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Items used for production :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 106.0 107.1 107.3 107.1 107.6 107.2 106.8 106.9 106.7 107.3 107.4 107.7 108.6 2019 ..: 107.6 107.5 107.6 108.4 107.6 106.8 106.8 105.7 105.1 105.9 106.1 106.2 106.8 2020 ..: 107.0 106.5 105.3 103.9 104.0 104.2 104.6 105.0 105.6 106.5 107.7 108.7 105.8 2021 ..: 109.0 110.7 112.3 113.7 114.8 116.3 117.3 118.0 118.4 120.1 121.4 123.3 116.3 2022 ..: 126.5 129.1 131.4 135.0 134.7 135.1 135.6 136.5 136.2 136.5 136.6 136.7 134.2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Feed :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 96.1 100.6 102.2 103.8 105.6 103.7 102.0 102.0 99.1 98.7 98.5 99.9 99.8 2019 ..: 104.1 103.9 104.0 104.5 104.4 105.4 104.7 103.9 103.1 103.4 103.1 103.5 104.0 2020 ..: 106.5 106.1 105.5 105.5 104.4 103.3 103.6 103.0 104.2 107.6 110.9 113.6 106.2 2021 ..: 111.2 115.6 117.9 119.5 125.2 125.8 125.5 125.4 123.1 122.4 123.6 125.8 121.8 2022 ..: 128.6 132.6 138.6 143.2 143.3 142.9 144.8 146.5 147.1 144.6 144.1 143.8 141.7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Livestock & poultry :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 112.9 113.9 110.3 104.6 103.1 101.5 100.6 100.6 103.8 107.4 105.1 105.9 105.8 2019 ..: 106.0 104.9 105.7 111.5 104.9 97.2 98.0 95.2 95.0 99.4 101.6 102.6 101.8 2020 ..: 107.3 104.8 98.6 88.9 90.4 90.6 93.1 95.9 97.7 99.5 102.2 103.2 97.7 2021 ..: 103.7 106.0 107.6 110.4 104.2 105.5 108.7 110.3 110.1 112.9 112.7 117.1 109.1 2022 ..: 120.7 125.6 122.5 122.2 117.2 118.0 121.4 125.1 124.0 123.6 126.5 129.3 123.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Seeds :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 115.6 115.6 115.6 115.6 115.6 115.6 115.6 115.6 115.6 115.6 115.6 115.6 118.5 2019 ..: 112.9 112.9 112.9 112.9 112.9 112.9 112.9 112.9 112.9 112.9 112.9 112.9 112.9 2020 ..: 113.1 113.1 113.1 113.1 113.1 113.1 113.1 113.1 113.1 113.1 113.1 113.1 113.1 2021 ..: 117.3 117.3 117.3 117.3 117.3 117.3 117.3 117.3 117.3 117.3 117.3 117.3 117.3 2022 ..: 117.3 117.3 117.3 117.3 117.3 117.3 117.3 117.3 117.3 117.3 117.3 117.3 117.3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Fertilizer :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 66.8 69.2 69.7 69.6 70.0 69.5 69.2 69.2 70.2 71.8 73.1 73.3 66.7 2019 ..: 75.6 76.4 75.6 75.0 74.3 73.1 71.1 69.7 69.2 68.7 67.3 65.3 71.8 2020 ..: 66.3 65.9 66.8 67.9 68.6 67.6 66.9 66.6 67.6 68.8 70.0 71.4 67.9 2021 ..: 71.8 75.1 77.6 80.5 83.8 89.3 92.6 93.3 95.7 102.4 109.8 119.1 90.9 2022 ..: 123.6 127.6 133.1 139.7 139.3 134.6 125.6 128.6 127.8 131.1 132.9 132.5 131.4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Chemicals :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 100.2 101.2 104.8 104.2 103.1 103.1 100.2 101.5 97.8 97.0 107.2 107.5 100.7 2019 ..: 102.5 100.8 99.9 99.7 99.8 101.5 102.9 95.6 88.8 94.3 95.3 93.5 97.9 2020 ..: 95.7 95.7 93.9 94.0 95.3 95.8 95.8 95.8 95.8 94.5 96.6 96.0 95.4 2021 ..: 98.2 94.7 98.2 99.5 98.6 102.7 101.1 103.1 105.4 110.3 110.3 110.3 102.7 2022 ..: 115.2 115.2 115.2 149.3 146.4 150.4 151.6 152.2 152.7 156.1 155.6 158.4 143.2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Prices Paid Indexes as a Percent of 2011 Base, Monthly and Annual Average - United States: 2018-2022 (continued) [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Fuels :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 68.8 68.3 66.9 69.8 73.5 73.3 73.6 73.9 75.7 75.8 70.8 65.9 71.1 2019 ..: 67.9 68.6 70.6 72.2 71.6 67.1 67.4 64.4 65.4 66.5 68.0 66.8 68.0 2020 ..: 65.2 62.0 55.7 51.5 52.8 56.3 57.0 57.4 56.9 57.3 58.1 63.2 57.8 2021 ..: 62.5 66.3 72.4 71.0 72.7 76.3 79.2 79.8 82.9 89.0 88.3 83.5 77.0 2022 ..: 88.7 95.8 117.3 114.7 121.6 126.7 119.8 109.2 106.0 107.7 107.4 94.8 109.1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Supplies & repairs :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 109.1 109.1 109.3 110.4 110.9 111.2 112.0 112.9 113.3 113.7 113.6 113.7 111.6 2019 ..: 114.2 114.2 114.3 114.4 114.5 114.5 115.1 115.0 115.0 115.1 115.1 115.1 114.7 2020 ..: 115.5 115.8 115.7 116.5 116.5 116.4 116.8 116.7 116.8 117.2 117.2 117.3 116.5 2021 ..: 118.1 118.6 119.2 120.4 122.3 125.1 126.7 127.4 127.9 129.0 131.8 132.1 124.9 2022 ..: 133.8 135.1 135.8 138.8 139.1 139.3 140.5 140.9 141.0 141.3 141.3 141.0 139.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Autos & trucks :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 106.1 105.9 105.9 105.5 105.6 105.7 105.6 105.4 105.0 104.9 105.0 105.2 105.5 2019 ..: 105.9 106.2 106.6 106.6 106.5 106.2 105.9 105.5 105.1 105.0 105.1 105.5 105.8 2020 ..: 106.2 106.6 106.1 106.1 106.2 106.1 106.5 106.2 106.2 106.8 106.9 107.6 106.5 2021 ..: 107.8 107.9 107.8 108.4 110.0 111.9 113.6 114.6 115.8 117.6 118.9 120.2 112.9 2022 ..: 120.9 121.2 121.3 122.4 123.6 124.5 125.4 126.0 126.5 127.2 127.4 127.5 124.5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Machinery :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 124.1 123.7 123.7 123.7 124.0 124.0 124.8 124.8 125.3 126.4 127.6 128.1 120.0 2019 ..: 122.6 122.7 122.7 122.8 122.5 123.5 123.5 123.5 123.6 123.6 123.4 125.4 123.3 2020 ..: 124.1 124.1 124.3 124.3 124.3 124.8 124.8 125.2 125.0 125.8 125.5 125.8 124.8 2021 ..: 135.7 136.6 138.1 139.4 140.5 142.1 144.4 146.4 151.0 154.9 157.9 160.0 145.6 2022 ..: 160.3 165.4 165.3 168.7 168.2 171.1 172.6 173.8 174.2 179.6 178.8 178.3 171.4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Building materials :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 112.6 113.3 114.8 115.3 116.6 117.0 117.2 117.1 117.3 117.3 117.1 117.3 116.1 2019 ..: 117.8 118.2 118.0 118.4 118.3 118.0 118.6 118.1 118.0 117.9 117.9 117.9 118.1 2020 ..: 118.5 118.8 119.5 118.8 118.8 119.3 120.0 121.6 123.7 123.4 122.8 123.8 120.8 2021 ..: 126.5 128.7 131.8 135.4 140.2 143.8 144.1 144.0 144.5 146.3 148.9 151.8 140.5 2022 ..: 157.1 160.0 163.2 163.9 165.3 164.9 165.3 166.0 165.2 164.5 163.9 163.4 163.6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Services 2/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 113.5 113.6 113.8 113.8 114.3 114.9 115.1 115.2 115.3 115.1 114.8 114.9 128.1 2019 ..: 116.5 116.6 116.3 116.3 116.6 117.4 117.4 117.2 116.9 116.6 116.4 116.2 116.7 2020 ..: 116.5 116.3 116.3 116.0 115.6 116.4 116.7 116.6 116.7 116.6 117.2 117.3 116.5 2021 ..: 118.0 118.6 118.9 119.7 120.1 120.4 120.7 121.5 122.0 122.1 123.0 123.6 120.7 2022 ..: 127.9 128.6 129.7 130.9 132.1 133.3 135.1 135.6 135.2 135.5 134.2 135.3 132.8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Rent 2/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 119.5 119.5 119.5 119.5 119.5 119.5 119.5 119.5 119.5 119.5 119.5 119.5 119.3 2019 ..: 116.4 116.4 116.4 116.4 116.4 116.4 116.4 116.4 116.4 116.4 116.4 116.4 116.4 2020 ..: 117.6 117.6 117.6 117.6 117.6 117.6 117.6 117.6 117.6 117.6 117.6 117.6 117.6 2021 ..: 116.1 116.1 116.1 116.1 116.1 116.1 116.1 116.1 116.1 116.1 116.1 116.1 116.1 2022 ..: 117.0 117.0 117.0 117.0 117.0 117.0 117.0 117.0 117.0 117.0 117.0 117.0 117.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Ratio (paid/received) :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 79 83 86 85 86 87 83 82 80 77 80 82 82 2019 ..: 77 81 84 84 83 85 83 83 81 78 82 83 82 2020 ..: 80 82 85 76 78 81 79 79 81 80 83 81 80 2021 ..: 80 83 84 89 90 90 89 91 90 87 88 90 88 2022 ..: 87 92 96 99 100 99 99 96 96 93 98 101 96 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Prices Paid Indexes as a Percent of 2011 Base, Monthly and Annual Average - United States: 2018-2022 (continued) [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Interest :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2018 ..: 114.7 114.7 114.7 114.7 114.7 114.7 114.7 114.7 114.7 114.7 114.7 114.7 114.8 2019 ..: 114.2 114.2 114.2 114.2 114.2 114.2 114.2 114.2 114.2 114.2 114.2 114.2 114.2 2020 ..: 109.5 109.5 109.5 109.5 109.5 109.5 109.5 109.5 109.5 109.5 109.5 109.5 109.5 2021 ..: 109.5 109.5 109.5 109.5 109.5 109.5 109.5 109.5 109.5 109.5 109.5 109.5 109.5 2022 ..: 112.9 112.9 112.9 112.9 112.9 112.9 112.9 112.9 112.9 112.9 112.9 112.9 112.9 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Taxes :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2018 ..: 117.1 117.1 117.1 117.1 117.1 117.1 117.1 117.1 117.1 117.1 117.1 117.1 117.1 2019 ..: 120.4 120.4 120.4 120.4 120.4 120.4 120.4 120.4 120.4 120.4 120.4 120.4 120.4 2020 ..: 126.8 126.8 126.8 126.8 126.8 126.8 126.8 126.8 126.8 126.8 126.8 126.8 126.8 2021 ..: 130.0 130.0 130.0 130.0 130.0 130.0 130.0 130.0 130.0 130.0 130.0 130.0 130.0 2022 ..: 134.9 134.9 134.9 134.9 134.9 134.9 134.9 134.9 134.9 134.9 134.9 134.9 134.9 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Wage rates :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2018 ..: 125.8 125.8 125.8 122.6 122.6 122.6 127.6 127.6 127.6 129.3 129.3 129.3 126.3 2019 ..: 133.7 133.7 133.7 131.5 131.5 131.5 133.2 133.2 133.2 134.2 134.2 134.2 133.2 2020 ..: 136.6 136.6 136.6 134.7 134.7 134.7 139.6 139.6 139.6 141.8 141.8 141.8 138.2 2021 ..: 144.9 144.9 144.9 142.7 142.7 142.7 148.3 148.3 148.3 148.3 148.3 148.3 146.1 2022 ..: 157.6 157.6 157.6 153.9 153.9 153.9 157.6 157.6 157.6 158.4 158.4 158.4 156.9 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Family living :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2018 ..: 110.2 110.7 111.0 111.4 111.9 112.0 112.1 112.1 112.2 112.4 112.1 111.7 111.7 2019 ..: 111.9 112.4 113.0 113.6 113.9 113.9 114.1 114.1 114.2 114.4 114.4 114.3 113.7 2020 ..: 114.7 115.0 114.8 114.0 114.0 114.6 115.2 115.6 115.7 115.8 115.7 115.8 115.1 2021 ..: 116.3 116.9 117.8 118.7 119.7 120.8 121.4 121.6 122.0 123.0 123.6 124.0 120.5 2022 ..: 125.0 126.2 127.8 128.6 130.0 131.8 131.7 131.7 132.0 132.5 132.4 132.0 130.1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Production items with farm origin 3/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2018 ..: 105.1 107.6 107.3 106.4 106.8 105.4 104.3 104.2 103.8 104.7 103.9 104.8 105.3 2019 ..: 106.5 106.0 106.4 108.5 106.3 104.2 104.2 102.8 102.4 104.0 104.6 105.1 105.1 2020 ..: 108.0 107.0 104.6 101.4 101.4 100.9 101.9 102.5 103.7 105.9 108.4 110.0 104.6 2021 ..: 109.7 112.7 114.3 116.0 116.8 117.5 118.4 118.9 117.7 118.3 118.8 121.3 116.7 2022 ..: 123.9 127.4 129.3 131.4 129.8 129.8 131.9 134.0 133.9 132.6 133.3 134.1 131.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Production items with non-farm origin 4/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2018 ..: 106.5 106.9 107.4 107.6 108.0 108.2 108.2 108.4 108.5 108.7 109.4 109.4 110.4 2019 ..: 108.3 108.4 108.3 108.4 108.3 108.3 108.3 107.3 106.7 107.1 107.0 106.8 107.8 2020 ..: 106.4 106.1 105.7 105.5 105.7 106.1 106.3 106.4 106.7 106.9 107.3 107.9 106.4 2021 ..: 108.6 109.5 111.0 112.2 113.5 115.6 116.6 117.4 118.8 121.2 123.1 124.5 116.0 2022 ..: 128.2 130.2 132.8 137.3 137.9 138.5 137.9 138.0 137.7 139.1 138.8 138.3 136.2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Crop sector (PPITW) :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2018 ..: 109.5 109.9 110.2 110.1 110.4 110.4 110.8 110.9 110.9 111.3 111.8 111.8 112.0 2019 ..: 111.5 111.6 111.6 111.5 111.4 111.3 111.5 110.8 110.3 110.8 110.8 110.6 111.1 2020 ..: 110.9 110.8 110.4 110.0 110.1 110.4 111.1 111.2 111.4 111.8 112.1 112.5 111.1 2021 ..: 113.7 114.3 115.4 116.0 116.9 118.3 119.6 120.1 121.0 122.7 124.0 125.1 118.9 2022 ..: 128.8 130.2 132.0 134.9 135.3 135.9 135.7 135.9 135.7 136.8 136.7 136.4 134.5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Livestock Sector (PPITW) :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2018 ..: 107.5 109.0 109.0 108.5 109.0 108.4 108.1 108.1 107.9 108.6 108.1 108.5 109.2 2019 ..: 109.8 109.7 110.0 111.1 110.0 108.9 109.0 108.1 107.8 108.8 109.1 109.3 109.3 2020 ..: 110.9 110.4 108.9 106.9 106.9 106.9 107.9 108.3 109.1 110.5 111.9 113.0 109.3 2021 ..: 113.1 115.1 116.6 117.9 118.9 120.1 121.2 121.7 121.5 122.6 123.4 125.2 119.8 2022 ..: 128.5 131.3 133.4 135.2 134.8 135.4 136.7 137.8 137.7 137.4 137.6 137.8 135.3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Weighted index using 5-year average production expenditures 2/ For the 2011=100 base period, the Services & Rent Index is separated. 3/ Feed, livestock & poultry purchases, and seed. 4/ Fertilizer, agricultural chemicals, fuels, supplies & repairs, autos & trucks, machinery, building materials, and services & rent. Prices Paid Index Sub-Components as a Percent of 2011 Base, Monthly and Annual Average - United States: 2018-2022 [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Feed grains :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 56.5 57.8 59.5 60.7 62.2 62.0 59.9 57.9 58.1 57.8 57.7 59.6 59.1 2019 ..: 59.9 60.7 60.9 59.4 61.2 67.1 70.0 65.2 63.5 64.1 61.7 62.0 63.0 2020 ..: 63.2 63.1 61.9 56.5 55.6 55.6 57.2 54.6 59.7 63.4 66.9 69.5 60.6 2021 ..: 73.9 83.1 84.8 91.6 100.4 101.1 101.6 103.8 91.7 85.8 90.0 94.0 91.8 2022 ..: 96.0 104.4 111.7 119.9 122.5 121.7 118.2 120.1 118.5 111.0 110.9 112.0 113.9 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Complete feeds :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 104.3 105.9 107.8 108.0 109.6 109.2 107.1 106.8 104.9 103.9 103.9 104.6 105.4 2019 ..: 108.6 108.2 108.3 108.5 107.9 109.0 109.8 109.9 109.7 109.5 109.8 110.1 109.1 2020 ..: 114.3 114.0 113.5 114.8 113.1 111.7 111.8 111.4 112.5 115.7 119.9 123.4 114.7 2021 ..: 118.6 123.1 126.2 127.1 131.8 133.7 133.0 131.5 130.9 130.0 131.4 133.7 129.3 2022 ..: 137.0 140.7 147.7 151.8 153.5 152.6 152.7 153.7 154.4 151.4 151.0 150.1 149.7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Hay & forages :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 93.2 93.9 97.8 104.1 106.9 103.8 104.0 104.9 106.2 105.8 106.0 109.8 103.0 2019 ..: 111.0 112.4 114.4 120.6 119.7 114.0 107.3 104.3 102.1 104.3 104.3 104.1 109.9 2020 ..: 103.4 104.0 103.5 104.0 104.6 102.0 103.1 103.1 98.8 102.1 101.0 101.0 102.6 2021 ..: 101.7 104.7 107.8 109.6 119.6 119.6 121.5 124.5 125.0 126.7 124.6 126.0 117.6 2022 ..: 124.7 127.1 129.9 139.1 131.7 133.0 149.7 155.4 153.2 156.6 152.3 151.4 142.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Concentrates :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 99.4 120.5 120.3 123.3 126.4 120.0 117.8 118.1 105.1 106.8 103.8 104.2 110.2 2019 ..: 119.3 117.6 116.9 116.3 115.9 117.4 113.8 115.4 113.7 113.9 113.5 114.3 115.7 2020 ..: 116.8 116.4 115.5 116.4 116.9 116.4 115.8 115.4 116.7 120.8 125.3 127.0 118.3 2021 ..: 128.6 130.2 129.5 129.2 130.4 128.1 125.7 124.8 123.3 122.2 122.4 123.3 126.5 2022 ..: 129.4 131.0 135.5 137.3 134.4 133.8 136.1 140.1 141.6 134.3 136.5 136.1 135.5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Supplements :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 113.5 114.6 114.8 115.3 115.9 112.1 111.6 114.4 113.4 113.0 114.6 118.0 112.3 2019 ..: 114.5 113.7 112.9 111.3 113.4 114.5 113.3 111.9 113.5 113.1 113.5 114.3 113.3 2020 ..: 119.6 117.0 117.3 116.3 113.3 113.3 113.0 112.7 116.5 119.4 121.4 125.0 117.1 2021 ..: 112.5 116.0 119.2 118.9 127.9 127.1 128.3 129.1 128.3 134.7 135.8 137.8 126.3 2022 ..: 139.3 144.0 150.3 150.2 153.4 154.3 153.2 148.3 154.7 163.5 162.8 164.4 153.2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Feeder Cattle :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 110.8 111.6 108.0 104.2 103.9 104.8 106.6 107.7 110.4 113.4 109.7 106.6 108.1 2019 ..: 106.8 105.8 105.8 108.9 102.8 97.4 99.7 98.5 97.8 102.2 104.5 104.1 102.9 2020 ..: 107.8 105.6 99.0 92.2 94.9 96.0 98.7 101.5 100.8 101.0 103.9 103.4 100.4 2021 ..: 101.8 102.8 102.5 104.8 99.8 103.6 109.0 111.1 109.5 113.1 113.3 117.6 107.4 2022 ..: 119.2 121.2 116.6 116.7 115.8 118.6 121.9 126.9 127.0 127.7 129.9 131.4 122.7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Feeder pigs :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 145.7 150.0 140.7 117.9 102.1 72.9 47.9 35.7 50.0 71.4 79.3 120.0 94.5 2019 ..: 125.0 121.4 132.1 173.6 150.7 106.4 87.9 65.0 69.3 75.7 80.7 97.1 107.1 2020 ..: 114.3 103.6 90.7 40.0 32.1 23.6 24.3 32.1 61.4 79.3 85.7 102.1 65.8 2021 ..: 120.0 138.6 161.4 173.6 145.0 124.3 110.0 110.0 123.6 126.4 121.4 135.0 132.4 2022 ..: 161.4 202.9 208.6 191.4 137.1 120.0 120.0 117.9 102.9 90.0 104.3 125.7 140.2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Milk cow replacements :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 107.0 107.0 107.0 95.8 95.8 95.8 93.0 93.0 93.0 86.6 86.6 86.6 95.6 2019 ..: 80.3 80.3 80.3 80.3 80.3 80.3 86.6 86.6 86.6 92.3 92.3 92.3 84.9 2020 ..: 91.5 91.5 91.5 88.0 88.0 88.0 92.3 92.3 92.3 94.4 94.4 94.4 91.6 2021 ..: 95.8 95.8 95.8 96.5 96.5 96.5 97.2 97.2 97.2 94.4 94.4 94.4 96.0 2022 ..: 97.2 97.2 97.2 110.6 110.6 110.6 120.4 120.4 120.4 121.8 121.8 121.8 112.5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Prices Paid Index Sub-Components as a Percent of 2011 Base, Monthly and Annual Average - United States: 2018-2022 (continued) [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Poultry :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 104.3 104.3 104.3 104.3 104.3 104.3 104.3 104.3 104.3 104.3 104.3 104.3 104.3 2019 ..: 104.3 104.3 104.3 104.3 104.3 104.3 104.3 104.3 104.3 104.3 104.3 104.3 104.3 2020 ..: 113.1 113.1 113.1 113.1 113.1 113.1 113.1 113.1 113.1 113.1 113.1 113.1 113.1 2021 ..: 117.7 117.7 117.7 117.7 117.7 117.7 117.7 117.7 117.7 117.7 117.7 117.7 117.7 2022 ..: 117.7 117.7 117.7 117.7 117.7 117.7 117.7 117.7 117.7 117.7 117.7 117.7 117.7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Field crop seeds :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 114.0 114.0 114.0 114.0 114.0 114.0 114.0 114.0 114.0 114.0 114.0 114.0 117.3 2019 ..: 111.6 111.6 111.6 111.6 111.6 111.6 111.6 111.6 111.6 111.6 111.6 111.6 111.6 2020 ..: 112.4 112.4 112.4 112.4 112.4 112.4 112.4 112.4 112.4 112.4 112.4 112.4 112.4 2021 ..: 115.8 115.8 115.8 115.8 115.8 115.8 115.8 115.8 115.8 115.8 115.8 115.8 115.8 2022 ..: 115.8 115.8 115.8 115.8 115.8 115.8 115.8 115.8 115.8 115.8 115.8 115.8 115.8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Grass & legume seeds :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 131.8 131.8 131.8 131.8 131.8 131.8 131.8 131.8 131.8 131.8 131.8 131.8 130.0 2019 ..: 125.4 125.4 125.4 125.4 125.4 125.4 125.4 125.4 125.4 125.4 125.4 125.4 125.4 2020 ..: 119.8 119.8 119.8 119.8 119.8 119.8 119.8 119.8 119.8 119.8 119.8 119.8 119.8 2021 ..: 132.0 132.0 132.0 132.0 132.0 132.0 132.0 132.0 132.0 132.0 132.0 132.0 132.0 2022 ..: 132.0 132.0 132.0 132.0 132.0 132.0 132.0 132.0 132.0 132.0 132.0 132.0 132.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Mixed fertilizer :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 68.3 69.2 69.9 69.7 71.1 70.6 71.3 71.3 72.2 72.8 73.6 73.4 68.0 2019 ..: 74.6 74.2 73.1 73.6 72.5 72.3 70.5 70.1 70.2 69.7 69.1 68.3 71.5 2020 ..: 65.1 64.5 65.0 64.6 65.5 65.2 65.3 65.1 66.1 66.6 68.4 69.3 65.9 2021 ..: 80.5 82.8 84.5 85.9 88.1 90.6 94.4 97.0 99.3 100.3 103.6 106.8 92.8 2022 ..: 111.6 113.0 113.3 115.2 115.7 116.6 115.7 124.9 124.6 125.1 125.2 125.8 118.9 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Nitrogen :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 67.7 71.5 71.4 71.5 70.9 69.9 68.1 68.4 69.2 72.0 74.0 74.7 66.5 2019 ..: 76.0 78.7 78.0 77.3 77.0 75.2 73.7 70.8 70.0 70.5 69.4 65.2 73.5 2020 ..: 68.9 68.6 69.2 72.3 72.2 70.0 68.9 68.0 68.7 70.2 70.1 71.6 69.9 2021 ..: 66.8 70.9 72.8 76.9 79.9 89.2 91.5 89.9 92.0 106.1 118.6 136.0 90.9 2022 ..: 141.7 149.8 158.6 171.7 170.3 160.8 142.6 140.2 138.6 145.9 150.1 148.5 151.6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Potash & phosphate :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 59.4 62.2 64.1 64.1 63.7 64.6 65.6 64.8 66.8 68.4 68.7 68.9 62.9 2019 ..: 77.6 76.7 76.6 72.6 71.5 69.4 65.0 64.8 63.3 59.9 55.2 55.8 67.4 2020 ..: 62.6 62.4 65.2 65.3 67.7 67.9 66.1 66.8 69.1 71.8 75.1 77.2 68.1 2021 ..: 59.1 63.3 70.6 74.4 82.4 85.6 90.0 91.7 95.2 98.0 103.3 107.0 85.1 2022 ..: 107.1 107.1 118.8 120.8 120.8 112.4 105.7 105.7 105.9 105.8 105.7 105.7 110.1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Herbicides :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 100.7 101.8 105.4 104.8 103.7 103.7 100.7 102.1 98.4 97.6 107.8 108.1 101.7 2019 ..: 104.2 102.5 101.7 101.4 101.5 103.2 104.7 97.3 90.3 95.9 96.9 95.1 99.6 2020 ..: 96.7 96.7 94.9 95.0 96.3 96.8 96.8 96.8 96.8 95.5 97.6 97.0 96.4 2021 ..: 100.7 97.1 100.6 101.9 101.1 105.2 103.6 105.7 108.1 113.0 113.0 113.0 105.3 2022 ..: 118.1 118.1 118.1 153.0 150.0 154.2 155.4 156.0 156.5 160.0 159.5 162.4 146.8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Insecticides :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 100.2 101.2 104.8 104.3 103.1 103.1 100.2 101.5 97.8 97.1 107.2 107.5 100.9 2019 ..: 96.6 95.0 94.2 93.9 94.0 95.6 97.0 90.1 83.6 88.8 89.8 88.1 92.2 2020 ..: 93.5 93.5 91.7 91.8 93.0 93.5 93.5 93.5 93.5 92.3 94.3 93.7 93.2 2021 ..: 94.4 91.0 94.3 95.6 94.7 98.7 97.1 99.1 101.3 105.9 105.9 105.9 98.7 2022 ..: 110.7 110.7 110.7 143.4 140.7 144.5 145.7 146.2 146.7 150.0 149.5 152.2 137.6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Prices Paid Index Sub-Components as a Percent of 2011 Base, Monthly and Annual Average - United States: 2018-2022 (continued) [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Fungicides & other :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 97.5 98.5 102.0 101.4 100.3 100.3 97.5 98.8 95.2 94.4 104.3 104.6 95.7 2019 ..: 104.4 102.7 101.8 101.6 101.6 103.4 104.8 97.4 90.4 96.0 97.0 95.3 99.7 2020 ..: 95.0 95.0 93.2 93.3 94.5 95.1 95.1 95.1 95.1 93.8 95.8 95.2 94.7 2021 ..: 93.6 90.2 93.5 94.8 94.0 97.8 96.3 98.2 100.4 105.1 105.1 105.1 97.8 2022 ..: 109.8 109.8 109.8 142.2 139.5 143.3 144.4 145.0 145.4 148.7 148.3 150.9 136.4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Diesel :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 67.2 67.8 66.5 68.9 71.8 72.4 72.0 71.7 72.6 74.9 73.5 69.5 70.7 2019 ..: 65.0 65.4 67.1 68.1 69.0 67.4 66.4 65.6 65.8 66.6 67.0 66.7 66.7 2020 ..: 62.6 59.7 56.0 51.2 49.1 49.4 50.0 49.9 49.6 49.0 49.9 53.1 52.5 2021 ..: 59.9 63.6 70.4 69.9 71.9 73.4 74.6 74.9 75.6 80.7 83.3 81.4 73.3 2022 ..: 84.1 91.1 115.4 115.7 125.9 130.0 124.0 113.2 112.8 117.7 118.7 106.5 112.9 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Gasoline :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 67.0 67.9 68.0 72.1 75.0 74.6 73.5 73.1 73.2 73.9 68.7 61.7 70.7 2019 ..: 60.2 61.7 66.8 74.2 75.9 72.2 72.7 69.7 69.1 70.2 69.4 68.1 69.2 2020 ..: 69.5 66.8 61.4 51.1 51.7 57.2 59.9 59.9 59.9 59.2 58.0 60.2 59.6 2021 ..: 61.4 65.6 73.5 74.8 78.0 80.1 81.9 82.6 83.0 85.8 88.5 86.4 78.5 2022 ..: 87.7 92.7 111.0 108.2 116.9 129.3 119.9 105.1 98.0 101.1 97.6 85.4 104.4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : LP Gas :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 76.7 70.3 67.1 70.0 78.1 74.9 79.9 82.9 90.0 81.6 63.4 57.6 74.4 2019 ..: 87.8 88.9 88.5 84.8 76.2 59.3 64.3 53.5 59.2 61.5 70.4 65.5 71.7 2020 ..: 69.7 64.4 47.3 53.0 67.6 80.4 79.6 82.0 80.3 85.3 88.4 104.4 75.2 2021 ..: 73.3 76.9 78.3 69.9 69.3 82.0 92.6 94.8 109.7 123.6 106.4 87.8 88.7 2022 ..: 106.9 117.0 132.4 119.1 111.6 111.5 104.4 99.7 90.6 78.6 77.9 63.3 101.1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Supplies :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 109.3 109.5 109.9 110.5 110.7 111.2 111.7 112.6 113.3 113.5 113.3 113.5 111.6 2019 ..: 114.6 114.8 114.8 114.8 115.3 115.8 116.1 116.1 115.9 115.9 116.0 116.1 115.5 2020 ..: 116.3 116.6 116.5 117.3 117.1 117.3 117.3 117.4 117.8 118.3 118.4 118.7 117.4 2021 ..: 119.5 120.2 121.5 123.5 126.2 128.4 131.0 131.4 131.4 132.3 132.2 132.7 127.5 2022 ..: 135.3 137.6 139.7 142.4 142.6 143.2 143.9 144.0 144.3 144.5 144.1 144.0 142.1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Repairs :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 109.0 108.9 109.0 110.3 111.0 111.2 112.2 113.1 113.3 113.8 113.8 113.8 111.6 2019 ..: 114.0 113.9 114.0 114.2 114.0 113.9 114.6 114.4 114.5 114.7 114.7 114.7 114.3 2020 ..: 115.1 115.4 115.3 116.1 116.2 116.0 116.6 116.4 116.4 116.7 116.6 116.6 116.1 2021 ..: 117.4 117.8 118.0 118.8 120.3 123.5 124.5 125.4 126.1 127.3 131.5 131.8 123.5 2022 ..: 133.0 133.9 133.9 136.9 137.3 137.3 138.9 139.3 139.4 139.7 139.9 139.5 137.4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Autos :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 100.1 100.0 99.9 99.5 99.8 100.0 100.0 99.7 99.7 99.6 99.8 99.9 99.8 2019 ..: 100.5 100.6 100.9 100.9 100.9 100.8 100.6 100.3 99.8 99.8 99.8 100.1 100.4 2020 ..: 100.8 101.4 100.9 100.6 100.7 100.9 101.5 101.3 101.3 101.5 101.5 102.2 101.2 2021 ..: 102.5 102.7 102.2 102.3 103.9 105.7 107.3 108.5 109.4 110.8 112.5 114.4 106.9 2022 ..: 114.7 115.1 115.2 116.8 118.2 118.9 119.9 120.4 121.0 121.4 121.3 121.5 118.7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Trucks :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 107.0 106.8 106.8 106.3 106.5 106.6 106.5 106.2 105.8 105.7 105.8 106.0 106.3 2019 ..: 106.8 107.0 107.5 107.5 107.3 107.0 106.7 106.3 105.9 105.8 105.9 106.4 106.7 2020 ..: 107.0 107.3 106.9 106.9 107.1 106.8 107.3 107.0 106.9 107.6 107.7 108.4 107.2 2021 ..: 108.6 108.7 108.7 109.3 110.9 112.9 114.6 115.5 116.7 118.6 119.8 121.1 113.8 2022 ..: 121.8 122.1 122.2 123.3 124.4 125.4 126.2 126.9 127.4 128.1 128.3 128.4 125.4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Prices Paid Index Sub-Components as a Percent of 2011 Base, Monthly and Annual Average - United States: 2018-2022 (continued) [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Tractors :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 108.6 108.6 108.6 108.6 108.6 108.7 108.7 108.7 108.7 108.7 112.3 112.3 110.9 2019 ..: 112.0 112.0 112.0 112.0 112.0 112.0 112.0 112.0 112.0 112.0 112.0 112.0 112.0 2020 ..: 113.9 113.9 113.9 113.9 113.9 114.7 113.8 113.8 113.6 114.8 113.9 114.4 114.0 2021 ..: 114.6 115.4 116.8 117.2 118.9 120.0 122.2 123.9 127.7 131.1 132.5 135.3 123.0 2022 ..: 135.4 139.9 140.2 143.2 141.6 142.3 143.8 144.9 145.2 149.9 149.2 148.7 143.7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Self-propelled :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 129.1 129.1 129.1 129.1 129.1 129.1 130.7 130.7 131.7 134.2 135.2 135.2 123.9 2019 ..: 126.2 126.2 126.2 126.2 125.8 125.9 125.9 126.1 126.0 126.0 126.3 130.9 126.5 2020 ..: 121.3 121.3 121.3 121.2 121.2 121.1 121.1 121.2 121.2 122.3 122.8 122.8 121.6 2021 ..: 143.3 143.2 143.5 143.6 143.6 144.0 145.5 145.5 149.0 153.1 155.0 156.3 147.1 2022 ..: 156.3 158.8 159.2 164.3 164.2 171.2 172.8 172.8 172.8 184.4 184.4 184.4 170.5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Other machinery :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 127.9 126.8 126.8 126.8 127.5 127.5 127.9 127.9 128.1 128.4 128.4 129.6 121.0 2019 ..: 125.0 125.1 125.3 125.5 125.0 127.7 127.6 127.6 127.6 127.7 127.0 127.4 126.5 2020 ..: 133.0 132.9 133.3 133.6 133.5 134.4 135.0 136.0 135.7 135.7 135.0 135.7 134.5 2021 ..: 139.9 141.8 144.8 147.9 149.7 152.9 156.1 160.3 166.5 170.6 175.6 178.2 157.0 2022 ..: 179.0 187.0 186.3 188.1 187.7 187.6 189.1 191.6 192.4 191.7 190.1 188.9 188.3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Custom rates :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 113.3 113.3 113.3 113.3 113.3 113.3 113.3 113.3 113.3 113.3 113.3 113.3 244.8 2019 ..: 118.4 118.4 118.4 118.4 118.4 118.4 118.4 118.4 118.4 118.4 118.4 118.4 118.4 2020 ..: 119.6 119.6 119.6 119.6 119.6 119.6 119.6 119.6 119.6 119.6 119.6 119.6 119.6 2021 ..: 114.7 114.7 114.7 114.7 114.7 114.7 114.7 114.7 114.7 114.7 114.7 114.7 114.7 2022 ..: 126.0 126.0 126.0 126.0 126.0 126.0 126.0 126.0 126.0 126.0 126.0 126.0 126.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Other services :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Average 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 113.5 113.7 113.9 113.8 114.4 115.1 115.3 115.4 115.5 115.3 115.0 115.1 114.7 2019 ..: 116.3 116.4 116.1 116.1 116.4 117.3 117.3 117.1 116.7 116.4 116.2 116.0 116.5 2020 ..: 116.1 115.9 115.9 115.6 115.1 116.0 116.4 116.3 116.4 116.3 116.9 117.0 116.2 2021 ..: 118.4 119.0 119.3 120.3 120.8 121.1 121.4 122.3 122.9 122.9 123.9 124.7 121.4 2022 ..: 128.1 128.9 130.1 131.5 132.8 134.2 136.2 136.8 136.2 136.6 135.1 136.3 133.6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Cash rent :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 126.0 126.0 126.0 126.0 126.0 126.0 126.0 126.0 126.0 126.0 126.0 126.0 125.8 2019 ..: 123.1 123.1 123.1 123.1 123.1 123.1 123.1 123.1 123.1 123.1 123.1 123.1 123.1 2020 ..: 124.4 124.4 124.4 124.4 124.4 124.4 124.4 124.4 124.4 124.4 124.4 124.4 124.4 2021 ..: 124.5 124.5 124.5 124.5 124.5 124.5 124.5 124.5 124.5 124.5 124.5 124.5 124.5 2022 ..: 126.1 126.1 126.1 126.1 126.1 126.1 126.1 126.1 126.1 126.1 126.1 126.1 126.1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Share rent :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 111.8 111.8 111.8 111.8 111.8 111.8 111.8 111.8 111.8 111.8 111.8 111.8 111.8 2019 ..: 108.6 108.6 108.6 108.6 108.6 108.6 108.6 108.6 108.6 108.6 108.6 108.6 108.6 2020 ..: 109.7 109.7 109.7 109.7 109.7 109.7 109.7 109.7 109.7 109.7 109.7 109.7 109.7 2021 ..: 106.5 106.5 106.5 106.5 106.5 106.5 106.5 106.5 106.5 106.5 106.5 106.5 106.5 2022 ..: 106.5 106.5 106.5 106.5 106.5 106.5 106.5 106.5 106.5 106.5 106.5 106.5 106.5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Weighted index using 5-year average production expenditures. Prices Paid Indexes as a Percent of 1910-1914 Base, Monthly and Annual Average - United States: 2018-2022 [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Commodities, services, interest, taxes, and wage rates : (PPITW) :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 2938 2963 2968 2959 2970 2962 2964 2966 2964 2978 2980 2984 2953 2019 ..: 2994 2994 2997 3011 2996 2981 2985 2963 2952 2971 2975 2975 2983 2020 ..: 3001 2992 2968 2935 2936 2941 2962 2970 2983 3006 3030 3050 2981 2021 ..: 3068 3104 3138 3164 3190 3225 3257 3271 3281 3318 3346 3385 3229 2022 ..: 3481 3537 3589 3654 3654 3669 3685 3702 3698 3708 3710 3709 3650 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Items used for production, interest, taxes, and wage rates : (PITW) :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 3054 3081 3086 3074 3085 3075 3077 3079 3076 3092 3096 3103 3065 2019 ..: 3117 3114 3115 3130 3109 3091 3095 3068 3055 3077 3082 3082 3095 2020 ..: 3112 3099 3071 3035 3037 3040 3063 3071 3086 3113 3142 3166 3086 2021 ..: 3186 3226 3264 3291 3317 3355 3392 3408 3418 3458 3490 3535 3362 2022 ..: 3647 3709 3765 3841 3834 3844 3864 3885 3878 3888 3891 3892 3828 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Items used for production :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 2207 2230 2234 2230 2240 2231 2223 2225 2222 2233 2236 2242 2215 2019 ..: 2241 2238 2240 2256 2239 2223 2223 2200 2188 2205 2209 2210 2223 2020 ..: 2227 2216 2192 2164 2166 2168 2178 2185 2198 2217 2242 2263 2201 2021 ..: 2270 2305 2338 2366 2389 2422 2442 2456 2465 2499 2527 2567 2420 2022 ..: 2633 2687 2736 2810 2804 2813 2822 2841 2835 2842 2844 2845 2793 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Feed :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 1059 1108 1126 1144 1164 1143 1124 1124 1092 1088 1085 1100 1100 2019 ..: 1146 1144 1146 1150 1150 1161 1153 1144 1135 1138 1136 1139 1145 2020 ..: 1172 1168 1162 1162 1150 1138 1141 1134 1148 1185 1221 1251 1169 2021 ..: 1224 1273 1298 1316 1379 1386 1382 1381 1356 1348 1361 1385 1341 2022 ..: 1416 1460 1526 1577 1578 1573 1595 1613 1620 1592 1587 1583 1560 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Livestock & poultry :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 2229 2248 2177 2066 2036 2003 1987 1986 2049 2119 2075 2091 2098 2019 ..: 2092 2071 2088 2202 2071 1919 1934 1879 1876 1963 2007 2025 2011 2020 ..: 2119 2069 1946 1756 1785 1789 1838 1894 1929 1964 2018 2037 1929 2021 ..: 2047 2093 2124 2180 2058 2083 2145 2177 2174 2230 2225 2312 2154 2022 ..: 2383 2479 2418 2413 2315 2330 2397 2470 2448 2441 2498 2554 2429 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Seeds :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 3800 3800 3800 3800 3800 3800 3800 3800 3800 3800 3800 3800 3893 2019 ..: 3712 3712 3712 3712 3712 3712 3712 3712 3712 3712 3712 3712 3712 2020 ..: 3719 3719 3719 3719 3719 3719 3719 3719 3719 3719 3719 3719 3719 2021 ..: 3856 3856 3856 3856 3856 3856 3856 3856 3856 3856 3856 3856 3856 2022 ..: 3856 3856 3856 3856 3856 3856 3856 3856 3856 3856 3856 3856 3856 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Fertilizer :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 804 833 839 839 843 837 833 833 845 865 880 883 803 2019 ..: 911 920 911 903 895 881 856 840 834 828 811 787 865 2020 ..: 799 794 805 818 826 814 806 802 814 829 843 860 818 2021 ..: 865 905 935 970 1009 1076 1115 1124 1153 1234 1323 1435 1095 2022 ..: 1490 1538 1604 1683 1679 1621 1513 1550 1540 1580 1601 1596 1583 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Chemicals :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 900 909 941 936 925 925 900 911 878 871 963 965 904 2019 ..: 920 905 897 895 896 911 924 858 797 847 855 839 879 2020 ..: 859 859 843 844 855 860 860 860 860 848 867 862 856 2021 ..: 882 850 882 893 885 922 908 926 946 990 990 990 922 2022 ..: 1034 1034 1034 1340 1314 1350 1361 1366 1371 1401 1397 1422 1285 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Prices Paid Indexes as a Percent of 1910-1914 Base, Monthly and Annual Average - United States: 2018-2022 (continued) [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Fuels :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 1924 1910 1873 1952 2057 2050 2060 2066 2117 2122 1980 1843 1988 2019 ..: 1899 1919 1974 2019 2002 1877 1885 1801 1829 1860 1902 1868 1903 2020 ..: 1823 1734 1558 1440 1477 1575 1594 1605 1591 1602 1625 1767 1616 2021 ..: 1748 1854 2025 1986 2033 2134 2215 2232 2318 2489 2469 2335 2153 2022 ..: 2481 2679 3281 3208 3400 3544 3351 3055 2964 3011 3005 2652 3053 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Supplies & repairs :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 1287 1287 1290 1302 1308 1312 1321 1332 1336 1341 1340 1341 1316 2019 ..: 1347 1347 1348 1349 1350 1350 1358 1356 1356 1358 1358 1358 1353 2020 ..: 1362 1366 1365 1374 1374 1373 1378 1376 1378 1382 1382 1383 1374 2021 ..: 1393 1398 1405 1420 1442 1476 1494 1503 1508 1521 1554 1558 1473 2022 ..: 1578 1594 1602 1637 1640 1642 1658 1662 1663 1667 1667 1663 1639 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Autos & trucks :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 3261 3255 3255 3241 3246 3250 3247 3239 3227 3223 3229 3235 3242 2019 ..: 3257 3266 3278 3278 3275 3266 3257 3244 3232 3229 3232 3244 3255 2020 ..: 3266 3278 3263 3263 3266 3263 3275 3266 3266 3284 3287 3309 3274 2021 ..: 3316 3318 3316 3333 3383 3442 3494 3524 3561 3615 3656 3696 3471 2022 ..: 3718 3728 3730 3765 3801 3829 3855 3875 3891 3911 3917 3920 3828 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Machinery :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 7586 7559 7559 7559 7575 7577 7626 7626 7656 7723 7797 7825 7329 2019 ..: 7489 7495 7495 7501 7483 7544 7544 7544 7550 7550 7538 7660 7533 2020 ..: 7581 7581 7593 7593 7593 7623 7623 7648 7636 7685 7666 7685 7625 2021 ..: 8289 8344 8436 8515 8582 8680 8821 8943 9224 9462 9645 9774 8893 2022 ..: 9795 10101 10099 10307 10272 10449 10543 10616 10639 10969 10924 10889 10467 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Building materials :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 2620 2637 2671 2683 2712 2722 2726 2724 2729 2729 2723 2730 2700 2019 ..: 2742 2751 2746 2756 2753 2746 2760 2749 2746 2744 2744 2744 2748 2020 ..: 2758 2765 2781 2765 2765 2777 2793 2830 2879 2872 2858 2881 2810 2021 ..: 2943 2995 3067 3151 3264 3347 3354 3351 3363 3405 3465 3532 3270 2022 ..: 3655 3725 3797 3814 3847 3839 3847 3862 3844 3828 3814 3802 3806 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Services & rent :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 2460 2462 2464 2464 2471 2478 2481 2482 2483 2481 2477 2479 2473 2019 ..: 2710 2712 2708 2708 2712 2723 2723 2720 2715 2712 2709 2707 2713 2020 ..: 2720 2718 2718 2714 2707 2719 2724 2723 2724 2723 2731 2732 2721 2021 ..: 2730 2739 2743 2756 2762 2766 2771 2782 2790 2791 2804 2814 2771 2022 ..: 2881 2892 2908 2926 2943 2961 2987 2995 2988 2993 2974 2989 2953 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Prices Paid Indexes as a Percent of 1910-1914 Base, Monthly and Annual Average - United States: 2018-2022 (continued) [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Interest :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 4183 4183 4183 4183 4183 4183 4183 4183 4183 4183 4183 4183 4183 2019 ..: 4166 4166 4166 4166 4166 4166 4166 4166 4166 4166 4166 4166 4166 2020 ..: 3992 3992 3992 3992 3992 3992 3992 3992 3992 3992 3992 3992 3992 2021 ..: 3993 3993 3993 3993 3993 3993 3993 3993 3993 3993 3993 3993 3993 2022 ..: 4119 4119 4119 4119 4119 4119 4119 4119 4119 4119 4119 4119 4119 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Taxes :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 6952 6952 6952 6952 6952 6952 6952 6952 6952 6952 6952 6952 6952 2019 ..: 7145 7145 7145 7145 7145 7145 7145 7145 7145 7145 7145 7145 7145 2020 ..: 7529 7529 7529 7529 7529 7529 7529 7529 7529 7529 7529 7529 7529 2021 ..: 7721 7721 7721 7721 7721 7721 7721 7721 7721 7721 7721 7721 7721 2022 ..: 8008 8008 8008 8008 8008 8008 8008 8008 8008 8008 8008 8008 8009 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Wage rates :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 9010 9010 9010 8780 8780 8780 9138 9138 9138 9260 9260 9260 9047 2019 ..: 9574 9574 9574 9414 9414 9414 9542 9542 9542 9613 9613 9613 9536 2020 ..: 9779 9779 9779 9645 9645 9645 9997 9997 9997 10157 10157 10157 9895 2021 ..: 10374 10374 10374 10221 10221 10221 10618 10618 10618 10618 10618 10618 10458 2022 ..: 11283 11283 11283 11021 11021 11021 11283 11283 11283 11341 11341 11341 11232 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Family living :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 2355 2365 2371 2380 2390 2394 2394 2395 2398 2402 2394 2387 2385 2019 ..: 2391 2402 2415 2428 2434 2434 2438 2438 2440 2445 2445 2443 2429 2020 ..: 2451 2458 2453 2436 2436 2449 2462 2470 2472 2475 2472 2475 2459 2021 ..: 2486 2499 2517 2538 2558 2582 2594 2599 2606 2628 2641 2649 2575 2022 ..: 2671 2696 2732 2747 2777 2816 2815 2814 2820 2832 2829 2820 2781 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Commodities, services, interest, taxes, and wage rates : Adjusted for productivity :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 1622 1627 1629 1613 1616 1615 1639 1640 1640 1651 1650 1650 1631 2019 ..: 1687 1688 1690 1682 1681 1678 1688 1685 1683 1692 1692 1692 1687 2020 ..: 1724 1723 1719 1702 1703 1705 1734 1736 1738 1753 1757 1760 1730 2021 ..: 1793 1799 1807 1802 1808 1816 1851 1853 1856 1864 1870 1876 1833 2022 ..: 1981 1993 2005 1997 2000 2007 2029 2031 2031 2038 2038 2037 2016 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Parity ratio 2/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 30 32 33 32 33 33 32 31 31 30 31 31 32 2019 ..: 30 31 32 32 32 32 32 32 31 30 31 32 31 2020 ..: 31 31 32 29 30 31 30 30 31 30 32 31 31 2021 ..: 30 32 32 34 34 34 34 35 34 33 33 34 33 2022 ..: 33 35 37 38 38 38 38 37 37 36 37 38 37 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Adjusted parity ratio (PPITW) 3/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 ..: 31 33 34 33 34 34 33 32 32 31 32 32 33 2019 ..: 32 33 34 34 34 34 34 34 33 32 33 34 33 2020 ..: 35 35 36 33 34 35 34 34 35 34 36 35 35 2021 ..: 32 34 34 36 36 36 36 37 36 35 35 36 35 2022 ..: 34 36 38 39 39 39 39 38 38 37 38 39 38 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Weighted index using 5-year average production expenditures. 2/ Ratio of index of prices received to index of prices paid for commodities, services, interest, taxes, and wage rates. 3/ Ratio of the index of prices received after adjustment for government payments to the index of prices paid for commodities, services, interest, taxes, and wage rates. Feed Ratios Monthly and Annual Average - United States: 2018-2023 [Annual average is a simple average of monthly ratios, January through December] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Broiler 1/ :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January :February :March :April : May :June :July :August :September :October :November :December : Average -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018: 5.3 5.1 5.7 6.1 6.7 7.0 6.7 5.2 4.8 4.8 5.2 5.3 5.7 2019: 5.8 5.1 5.3 5.8 6.1 5.4 4.8 4.3 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.5 4.9 2020: 4.9 4.2 4.4 2.4 3.8 4.0 3.7 3.3 2.9 3.0 3.5 3.8 3.7 2021: 3.5 3.1 3.0 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.6 4.2 4.3 4.3 5.1 3.8 2022: 5.3 4.5 5.1 5.7 5.7 5.5 5.2 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.9 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Market Egg 2/ :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January :February :March :April : May :June :July :August :September :October :November :December : Average -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018: 11.6 12.8 22.1 11.2 6.8 9.3 10.5 11.0 8.6 8.5 11.7 11.7 11.3 2019: 9.3 7.9 7.0 4.3 2.4 4.4 2.4 6.5 5.2 4.9 10.8 8.3 6.1 2020: 5.6 7.4 18.7 10.1 6.3 5.5 6.0 6.3 6.6 8.5 7.7 4.7 7.8 2021: 6.6 6.3 7.5 4.4 3.7 3.6 4.1 5.8 6.2 5.4 7.0 9.3 5.8 2022: 9.8 8.5 9.2 13.8 11.4 11.4 16.1 11.2 17.0 19.7 23.6 32.2 15.3 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Turkey 3/ :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January :February :March :April : May :June :July :August :September :October :November :December : Average -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018: 5.7 5.5 5.2 5.2 5.1 5.3 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.7 6.0 5.5 5.5 2019: 5.6 5.8 5.9 6.3 6.1 6.1 6.2 6.6 7.0 7.0 7.5 6.9 6.4 2020: 6.7 7.0 7.4 7.9 8.3 8.5 8.7 8.7 8.6 8.2 7.3 6.9 7.9 2021: 6.5 5.9 5.8 5.7 5.5 5.8 5.8 6.0 7.2 7.3 6.3 6.1 6.2 2022: 6.2 5.8 5.6 5.5 5.5 6.0 6.3 6.6 7.3 8.1 8.1 7.6 6.5 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Milk 4/ :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January :February :March :April : May :June :July :August :September :October :November :December : Average -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018: 2.20 2.03 1.98 1.90 1.90 1.97 1.93 2.06 2.13 2.22 2.21 2.07 2.05 2019: 2.06 2.07 2.13 2.11 2.12 2.09 2.16 2.26 2.34 2.42 2.65 2.57 2.25 2020: 2.42 2.35 2.25 1.85 1.77 2.37 2.70 2.52 2.30 2.51 2.60 2.19 2.32 2021: 2.00 1.80 1.76 1.75 1.65 1.56 1.52 1.48 1.66 1.84 1.92 1.96 1.74 2022: 2.16 2.06 2.04 1.96 1.98 1.93 1.79 1.70 1.74 1.92 1.93 1.84 1.92 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Hog-Corn 5/ :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January :February :March :April : May :June :July :August :September :October :November :December : Average -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018: 16.0 16.2 14.2 12.7 14.0 16.5 16.9 13.2 12.7 14.7 13.5 12.3 14.4 2019: 12.5 12.1 12.9 16.8 17.2 14.9 13.6 14.9 12.6 12.8 13.0 12.7 13.8 2020: 12.6 12.0 13.0 12.9 15.9 13.1 12.4 13.8 14.6 15.6 13.7 12.4 13.5 2021: 11.8 11.9 13.7 14.2 13.4 13.8 13.1 12.5 12.9 13.0 11.1 10.3 12.7 2022: 10.5 11.3 11.4 10.8 10.5 10.7 11.4 11.9 10.4 10.8 10.3 9.5 10.8 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Steer & Heifer-Corn 6/ :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January :February :March :April : May :June :July :August :September :October :November :December : Average -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018: 37.4 37.6 36.2 34.1 33.2 31.6 32.3 33.3 32.4 32.7 33.7 33.6 34.0 2019: 34.8 35.0 35.7 36.3 33.6 28.9 27.2 28.5 27.4 28.3 31.3 32.3 31.6 2020: 33.0 32.3 31.0 33.7 34.7 34.8 30.5 33.3 30.8 29.9 28.8 28.0 31.7 2021: 26.4 24.2 23.7 22.8 20.5 20.5 20.4 19.8 23.2 25.1 25.1 25.8 23.1 2022: 24.9 23.2 21.6 20.1 19.8 19.2 19.9 19.9 20.5 22.8 23.7 24.0 21.6 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ The price of commercial prepared broiler feed is based on current United States prices received for corn and soybeans. The modeled feed ration uses 58 percent corn and 42 percent soybeans. 2/ The price of commercial prepared layer feed is based on current United States prices received for corn and soybeans. The modeled feed ration uses 75 percent corn and 25 percent soybeans. 3/ The price of commercial prepared turkey feed is based on current United States prices received for corn, soybeans, and wheat. The modeled feed ration uses 51 percent corn, 28 percent soybeans, and 21 percent wheat. 4/ The price of commercial prepared dairy feed is based on current United States prices received for corn, soybeans, and alfalfa. The modeled feed ration uses 51 percent corn, 8 percent soybeans, and 41 percent alfalfa. 5/ Number of bushels of corn equal in value to 100 pounds of all hogs, live weight. 6/ Number of bushels of corn equal in value to 100 pounds of steers & heifers, live weight. Reliability of Prices Paid Estimates Definition: Prices paid by farmers represent the average costs of inputs purchased by farmers and ranchers to produce agricultural commodities. Conceptually, the average price when multiplied by quantity purchased should equal total producer expenditures for the item. Survey procedures: The prices paid data are obtained from establishments that sell goods and services to farmers and ranchers. Annually, about 8,500 firms are randomly selected from lists by type of item sold with an average response rate in the range of 75-80 percent. Firms are asked to report the price for the specified item "most commonly bought by farmers" or that was the "volume seller". Approximately 135 items are surveyed each March to represent all production input items purchased. The survey reference period for all items is the full preceding calendar year. Separate prices paid surveys are conducted for agricultural chemicals, fuels, feed, fertilizer, machinery, and seed. Summary and estimation procedures: The annual March Prices Paid Survey is summarized as a non-probability survey. Average prices reported are aggregated to the region and United States level using weights available from expenditure data and other administrative sources. Price recommendations are prepared by the Regional Field Offices and Headquarters for review by the Agricultural Statistics Board in Washington, D.C. Also, the change in price level for individual items surveyed are combined to the regional and United States levels, and are published as prices paid indexes referenced to a specific base period. Prices paid indexes for new autos and trucks, building materials, farm supplies, motor supplies, and marketing containers are updated based on price changes measured in selected Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) indexes. Revisions: Any revisions are published in the monthly and in annual issues of Agricultural Prices. The basis for revision must be supported by additional data that directly affect the level of the estimate. More revisions are likely for March when separate prices paid surveys are conducted, in lieu of BLS indexes, by the USDA to measure price change. Reliability: Current methods of summarization for the March data are not designed directly to calculate sampling errors. However, analytical measures approximate the United States relative sampling errors for major items around 10 percent. Any non-sampling errors are attributed to such things as the inability to obtain correct information, differences in interpreting questions or definitions, mistakes in coding or processing the data, etc. Efforts are made at each step in the survey process to minimize these non- sampling errors. Program Changes: See Price Program Links at the end of this report for details on program changes to the Prices Program methodology. Information Contacts General Tony Dorn, Chief, Environmental, Economics, and Demographics Branch...................................... (202) 720-6146 Crop Prices Received Lance Honig, Chief, Crops Branch ........................................................................ (202) 720-2127 Chris Hawthorn, Head, Field Crops Section................................................................ (202) 720-2127 Joshua Bates - Hemp, Oats, Soybeans.................................................................... (202) 690-3234 Michelle Harder - Barley, Hay.......................................................................... (202) 690-8533 James Johanson - Rye, Wheat............................................................................ (202) 720-8068 Greg Lemmons - Corn, Flaxseed, Proso Millet............................................................ (202) 720-9526 Becky Sommer - Cotton, Cotton Ginnings, Sorghum........................................................ (202) 720-5944 Travis Thorson - Canola, Mustard Seed, Rapeseed, Safflower, Sunflower.................................. (202) 720-7369 Lihan Wei - Peanuts, Rice.............................................................................. (202) 720-7688 Fleming Gibson, Head, Fruits, Vegetables and Special Crops Section....................................... (202) 720-2127 Deonne Holiday - Almonds, Asparagus, Carrots, Coffee, Cranberries, Onions, Plums, Prunes, Sweet Corn, Tobacco................................................................. (202) 720-4288 Robert Little - Apricots, Dry Beans, Lettuce, Macadamia, Maple Syrup, Nectarines, Pears, Snap Beans, Spinach, Tomatoes................................................... (202) 720-3250 Krishna Rizal - Artichokes, Cauliflower, Celery, Garlic, Grapefruit, Pistachios, Kiwifruit, Lemons, Mandarins and Tangerines, Mint, Mushrooms, Olives, Oranges...................... (202) 720-5412 Chris Singh - Apples, Blueberries, Cucumbers, Hazelnuts, Potatoes, Pumpkins, Raspberries, Squash, Strawberries, Sugarbeets, Sugarcane, Sweet Potatoes.................... (202) 720-4285 Antonio Torres - Cantaloupes, Dry Edible Peas, Green Peas, Honeydews, Lentils, Papayas, Peaches, Sweet Cherries, Tart Cherries, Walnuts, Watermelons.............................. (202) 720-2157 Chris Wallace - Avocados, Bell Peppers, Broccoli, Cabbage, Chickpeas, Chile Peppers, Dates, Floriculture, Grapes, Hops, Pecans........................................... (202) 720-4215 Livestock Prices Received Travis Averill, Chief, Livestock Branch.................................................................. (202) 692-0069 Scott Hollis, Head, Livestock Section.................................................................... (202) 690-2424 Ryan Cowen - Cattle and Cattle on Feed................................................................. (202) 720-3040 Anthony Fischer - Hogs and Pigs........................................................................ (202) 720-3106 Mike Miller - Milk, Milk Cows.......................................................................... (202) 720-3278 Jean Porter, Head, Poultry and Specialty Commodities Section............................................. (202) 720-8068 Fatema Haque - Turkeys................................................................................. (202) 505-0041 Seth Riggins - Honey................................................................................... (202) 720-3106 Autumn Stone - Eggs.................................................................................... (202) 690-3676 Takiyah Walker - Broilers.............................................................................. (202) 720-6147 Indexes, Prices Paid, and Parity Prices Tony Dorn, Chief, Environmental, Economics, and Demographics Branch...................................... (202) 720-6146 Bruce Boess, Head, Economics Section..................................................................... (202) 720-4447 Thomas Laidley - Prices Received Indexes, Parity Prices................................................ (202) 221-9280 Ralph Mondesir - Prices Received Indexes, Parity Prices, Prices Paid Indexes.......................... (202) 720-6146 Max Reason - Prices Received Indexes, Parity Prices, Prices Paid Indexes, Prices Paid for Feed, Fertilizer, Chemicals, Seeds, Fuels, Farm Supplies and Repairs, Farm Machinery, Feeder Livestock, Poultry Chicks, Feed Price Ratios.................................................................... (202) 720-8844 Access to NASS Reports For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways: All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: www.nass.usda.gov. Both national and state specific reports are available via a free e- mail subscription. 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For more information on NASS surveys and reports, call the NASS Agricultural Statistics Hotline at (800) 727-9540, 7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET, or e-mail: nass@usda.gov. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination against its customers, employees, and applicants for employment on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, sex, gender identity, religion, reprisal, and where applicable, political beliefs, marital status, familial or parental status, sexual orientation, or all or part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program, or protected genetic information in employment or in any program or activity conducted or funded by the Department. (Not all prohibited bases will apply to all programs and/or employment activities.) If you wish to file a Civil Rights program complaint of discrimination, complete the USDA Program Discrimination Complaint Form (PDF), found online at www.ascr.usda.gov/filing-program-discrimination-complaint-usda-customer, or at any USDA office, or call (866) 632-9992 to request the form. You may also write a letter containing all of the information requested in the form. Send your completed complaint form or letter to us by mail at U.S. Department of Agriculture, Director, Office of Adjudication, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410, by fax (202) 690-7442 or email at program.intake@usda.gov. Price Program Links Economics and Prices http://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_Subject/Economics_and_Prices/index.php Agricultural Prices Program and Survey https://www.nass.usda.gov/Surveys/Guide_to_NASS_Surveys/Prices/