Agricultural Prices ISSN: 1937-4216 Released March 31, 2020, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Special Note Beginning with the February 2020 estimates, all monthly price estimates for the non-citrus fruits and vegetables in the Agricultural Prices report are derived exclusively from data provided by USDA's Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS) and reflect FOB shipping point basis. Previously these estimates were based on a combination of survey data and information from AMS. February Prices Received Index Up 1.8 Percent The February Prices Received Index 2011 Base (Agricultural Production), at 90.4, increased 1.8 percent from January and 0.1 percent from February 2019. At 85.9, the Crop Production Index was up 4.4 percent from last month and 0.9 percent from the previous year. The Livestock Production Index, at 94.8, decreased 3.7 percent from January and 0.4 percent from February last year. Producers received higher prices during February for market eggs, oranges, turkeys, and cotton but lower prices for lettuce, broilers, soybeans, and milk. In addition to prices, the indexes are influenced by the volume change of commodities producers market. In February, there was increased monthly movement for cattle, milk, broilers, and greenhouse & nursery and decreased marketing of corn, soybeans, tobacco, and wheat. February Prices Paid Index Down 0.3 Percent The February Prices Paid Index for Commodities and Services, Interest, Taxes, and Farm Wage Rates (PPITW), at 110.0, is down 0.3 percent from January 2020 and 0.5 percent from February 2019. Lower prices in February for feeder cattle, feeder pigs, diesel, and supplements more than offset higher prices for nitrogen, hay and forages, repairs, and trucks. Prices Received, Prices Paid, and Ratio of Prices Received to Prices Paid Indexes 2011 Base - United States: February 2020 with Comparisons ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : February : January : February Index Group : 2019 : 2020 : 2020 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : percent percent percent : : Prices received by farmers ...............: 90.3 88.8 90.4 : Prices paid by farmers ...................: 110.6 110.3 110.0 : Ratio of prices received to prices paid ..: 81 81 82 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Contents Prices Received by Farmers.................................................................................... 3 Prices Received Indexes, 2011 Base - United States: February 2020 with Comparisons............................ 4 Prices Received Indexes, 1910-1914 Base - United States: February 2020 with Comparisons....................... 4 Prices Received Indexes, 2011 Base by Month for Selected Groups - United States: 2019 and 2020................ 4 Prices Paid Indexes, 2011 Base by Month for Selected Groups - United States: 2019 and 2020.................... 5 Prices Received for Field Crops and Fruits - United States: February 2020 with Comparisons.................... 6 Prices Received for Vegetables and Livestock - United States: February 2020 with Comparisons.................. 7 Prices Received for All Wheat, Corn, and Soybeans by Month - United States: 2020 with Comparisons............. 8 Prices Received for Beef Cattle and All Hogs by Month - United States: 2020 with Comparisons.................. 8 Prices Received for All Wheat - States and United States: February 2020 with Comparisons...................... 9 Prices Received for Winter Wheat - States and United States: February 2020 with Comparisons................... 9 Prices Received for Durum Wheat - States and United States: February 2020 with Comparisons.................... 10 Prices Received for Spring Wheat - States and United States: February 2020 with Comparisons................... 10 Prices Received for Oats - States and United States: February 2020 with Comparisons........................... 10 Prices Received for All Barley - States and United States: February 2020 with Comparisons..................... 11 Prices Received for Malting Barley - States and United States: February 2020 with Comparisons................. 11 Prices Received for Feed Barley - States and United States: February 2020 with Comparisons.................... 11 Prices Received for Sorghum Grain - States and United States: February 2020 with Comparisons.................. 12 Prices Received for Corn - States and United States: February 2020 with Comparisons........................... 12 Prices Received for Soybeans - States and United States: February 2020 with Comparisons....................... 13 Prices Received for Dry Beans - States and United States: February 2020 with Comparisons...................... 13 Prices Received for Peanuts (in shell) - States and United States: February 2020 with Comparisons............. 14 Prices Received for Sunflower - States and United States: February 2020 with Comparisons...................... 14 Prices Received for Canola - States and United States: February 2020 with Comparisons......................... 14 Prices Received for Flaxseed - States and United States: February 2020 with Comparisons....................... 14 Prices Received for Upland Cotton and Cottonseed - States and United States: February 2020 with Comparisons........................................................................................... 15 Prices Received and Marketings for Upland Cotton and Rice - United States: February 2020 with Comparisons..... 15 Prices Received for Hay by Type - States and United States: February 2020 with Comparisons.................... 16 Prices Received for Premium and Supreme Alfalfa Hay - States and 5-State Total: February 2020................. 16 Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization - United States: February 2019............................... 17 Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization - United States: January 2020................................ 17 Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization - United States: February 2020............................... 17 Prices Received for All Milk - States and United States: February 2020 with Comparisons....................... 18 Prices Received for Milk Cows - States and United States: January 2020 with Comparisons....................... 18 Commodity Parity Prices and Price as Percent of Parity Price - United States: February 2020 with Comparisons.. 19 Commodity Parity Prices - United States: February 2020 with Comparisons....................................... 20 Commodity Parity Prices - United States: February 2020 with Comparisons (continued)........................... 21 Reliability of Prices Received Estimates...................................................................... 22 Prices Paid by Farmers........................................................................................ 23 Prices Paid Indexes and Related Parity Ratios - United States: February 2020 with Comparisons................. 24 Prices Paid Indexes and Annual Weights for Input Components and Sub-components - United States: February 2020 with Comparisons............................................................................. 25 Feed Price Ratios - United States: February 2020 with Comparisons............................................. 26 Prices Received Used to Calculate Feed Price Ratios - United States: February 2020 with Comparisons........... 26 Prices Paid for Feeder Livestock - United States: February 2020 with Comparisons.............................. 26 Reliability of Prices Paid Estimates.......................................................................... 27 Information Contacts.......................................................................................... 28 February Prices Received by Farmers Crop production: The February index, at 85.9, is 4.4 percent higher than January and 1 percent higher than February 2019. The fruit & tree nut index increases more than offset the vegetable & melon, grain & oilseed, and other crop index decreases. Grain and oilseed: The February index, at 66.8, is down 0.6 percent from January but up 1.7 percent from February 2019. Oilseed and feed grain index decreases offset the higher food grain index. Feed grain: The February index, at 63.1, was unchanged from last month but increased 4.6 percent from a year ago. The corn price, at $3.78 per bushel, is down 1 cent from last month but up 18 cents from February 2019. Food grain: At 76.1, the index for February increased slightly from the previous month but decreased 2.6 percent from a year ago. The February price for all wheat, at $4.88 per bushel, is 1.0 cent higher than January but 45 cents lower than February 2019. The February price for rice, at $12.60 per cwt, is 50 cents lower than January but 20 cents higher than February 2019. Oilseed: At 69.2, the index for February decreased 2.3 percent from January but increased 0.4 percent from February 2019. The soybean price, at $8.59 per bushel, is 25 cents lower than January but 7 cents higher than February a year earlier. Fruit and tree nut: The February index, at 121.5, is up 3.1 percent from January and 6.8 percent from a year earlier. Price increases during February for oranges more than offset price decreases for grapefruit and lemons. Vegetable and melon: At 122.4, the index for February decreased 33.8 percent from the previous month but increased 0.3 percent from February 2019. Price declines during February for lettuce and celery more than offset price increases for potatoes. Other crop: The February index, at 79.6, is down 0.5 percent from the previous month and 6.4 percent from February 2019. The all hay price, at $157.00 per ton, is $2.00 higher than January but $13.00 lower than February 2019. At 60.7 cents per pound, the price for upland cotton is 1.0 cent higher than January but 6.9 cents lower than February 2019. Livestock production: The index for February, at 94.8, decreased 3.7 percent from the previous month and decreased 0.4 percent from February a year earlier. Compared with a year ago, prices are lower for broilers, cattle, market eggs, and calves. Prices for milk, turkeys, and hogs are higher than a year earlier. Meat animal: At 96.5, the February index decreased 2.0 percent from the previous month and 1.1 percent from a year earlier. At $45.50 per cwt, the February hog price is $2.30 lower than January but $2.10 higher than a year earlier. The February beef cattle price of $120.00 per cwt is $2.00 lower than the previous month and $3.00 lower than February 2019. Dairy: The index for February, at 94.0, is down 3.6 percent from the previous month but up 12.4 percent from February a year ago. The February all milk price of $18.90 per cwt is 70 cents lower than January but $2.10 higher than February 2019. Poultry and egg: At 92.0, the February index decreased 6.9 percent from January and 9 percent from February 2019. The February market egg price, at 64.0 cents per dozen, is 15.3 cents higher than January but 6.0 cents lower than February 2019. The February broiler price, at 42.0 cents per pound, is 7.0 cents lower than January and 7.0 cents lower than a year ago. At 64.4 cents per pound, the February turkey price is 1.9 cents higher than the previous month and 11.6 cents higher than February 2019. Food Commodities: The index, at 94.8, decreased 1.5 percent from the previous month but increased 0.5 percent from February 2019. Prices Received Indexes, 2011 Base - United States: February 2020 with Comparisons [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] -------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2011 Base :----------------------------------- : February : January : February Index Group : 2019 : 2020 : 2020 -------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : Agricultural production ........: 90.3 88.8 90.4 Crop production ..............: 85.1 82.3 85.9 Grain and oilseed ..........: 65.7 67.2 66.8 Feed grain ...............: 60.3 63.1 63.1 Food grain ...............: 78.1 75.9 76.1 Oilseed ..................: 68.9 70.8 69.2 Fruit and tree nut .........: 113.8 117.8 121.5 Vegetable and melon ........: 122.0 184.9 122.4 Other crop .................: 85.0 80.0 79.6 : Livestock production .........: 95.2 98.4 94.8 Meat animal ................: 97.6 98.5 96.5 Cattle ...................: 107.8 107.0 105.2 Hog ......................: 65.3 71.9 68.4 Dairy ......................: 83.6 97.5 94.0 Poultry and egg ............: 100.7 98.8 92.0 : Food commodity .................: 94.3 96.2 94.8 -------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received Indexes, 1910-1914 Base - United States: February 2020 with Comparisons [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] -------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1910 - 1914 Base :----------------------------------- : February : January : February Index Group : 2019 : 2020 : 2020 -------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : Agricultural production ........: 932 916 933 Crop production ..............: 742 718 749 Livestock production .........: 1106 1142 1100 -------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received Indexes, 2011 Base by Month for Selected Groups - United States: 2019 and 2020 [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2011 Base :--------------------------------------------------------------- Month : Agricultural : Crop : Livestock : Food : production : production : production : commodities :--------------------------------------------------------------- : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent percent percent percent : January .......: 86.5 88.8 78.7 82.3 97.8 98.4 93.0 96.2 February ......: 90.3 90.4 85.1 85.9 95.2 94.8 94.3 94.8 March .........: 93.2 87.7 98.0 97.9 April .........: 93.7 85.8 100.5 97.7 May ...........: 92.7 85.0 99.2 96.2 June ..........: 93.8 89.9 97.4 96.7 July ..........: 91.4 89.3 93.7 93.5 August ........: 91.8 89.8 93.8 94.5 September .....: 88.1 88.9 87.4 90.1 October .......: 85.9 83.1 90.4 89.2 November ......: 90.3 85.1 97.1 97.4 December ......: 90.7 85.3 97.2 96.3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Paid Indexes, 2011 Base by Month for Selected Groups - United States: 2019 and 2020 [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2011 Base :--------------------------------------------------------------- Month : All items : : Crop : Livestock : (PPITW) : Production : sector : sector :--------------------------------------------------------------- : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -- percent -- -- percent -- -- percent -- -- percent -- : January .......: 110.5 110.3 107.4 106.4 111.6 110.7 109.3 109.9 February ......: 110.6 110.0 107.5 105.9 111.8 110.6 109.4 109.4 March .........: 110.7 107.6 111.6 109.8 April .........: 111.3 108.4 111.6 110.9 May ...........: 110.7 107.6 111.5 109.8 June ..........: 110.2 106.9 111.5 108.8 July ..........: 110.3 106.8 111.7 108.9 August ........: 109.5 105.7 110.9 107.9 September .....: 109.1 105.1 110.4 107.7 October .......: 109.8 105.9 110.9 108.6 November ......: 110.0 106.2 111.0 109.0 December ......: 110.1 106.5 111.0 109.2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received for Field Crops and Fruits - United States: February 2020 with Comparisons [Price data source for non-citrus fruit commodities is United States Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Marketing Service] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 2011 : : : Commodity : Base Price :February 2019 : January 2020 :February 2020 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Field crops : Barley, all ...............dollars/bushel: 4.79 4.65 4.68 4.68 Feed .....................dollars/bushel: 4.59 3.23 3.27 3.16 Malting ..................dollars/bushel: 4.83 4.75 4.83 4.78 Beans, dry edible ............dollars/cwt: 34.60 26.20 35.20 36.20 Canola .......................dollars/cwt: 23.10 16.20 16.00 15.80 Chickpeas, all ...............dollars/cwt: 35.70 22.00 18.00 16.70 Large .......................dollars/cwt: 39.20 20.60 18.70 16.80 Small .......................dollars/cwt: 23.40 26.80 17.00 15.90 Corn ......................dollars/bushel: 6.02 3.60 3.79 3.78 : Cotton, Upland .............dollars/pound: 0.880 0.676 0.597 0.607 Cottonseed ...................dollars/ton: 131.00 174.00 183.00 210.00 Flaxseed ..................dollars/bushel: 14.20 9.79 8.99 10.40 Hay, all, baled ..............dollars/ton: 159.00 170.00 155.00 157.00 Alfalfa .....................dollars/ton: 176.00 180.00 171.00 171.00 Other .......................dollars/ton: 119.00 153.00 134.00 136.00 Lentils ......................dollars/cwt: 27.50 15.40 19.40 17.60 Oats ......................dollars/bushel: 3.42 2.84 2.93 2.73 Peanuts, in-shell ..........dollars/pound: 0.252 0.223 0.209 0.205 : Peas, dry edible .............dollars/cwt: 13.60 10.40 9.77 9.90 Rice, all ....................dollars/cwt: 13.70 12.40 13.10 12.60 Long ........................dollars/cwt: 12.30 10.80 12.00 12.50 Medium and short ............dollars/cwt: 18.40 18.50 16.30 12.90 Sorghum grain ................dollars/cwt: 10.70 5.82 5.75 5.86 Soybeans ..................dollars/bushel: 12.50 8.52 8.84 8.59 Sunflowers, all ..............dollars/cwt: 29.00 18.00 19.30 20.20 : Wheat, all ................dollars/bushel: 7.44 5.33 4.87 4.88 Winter ...................dollars/bushel: 6.93 5.40 4.86 4.98 Durum ....................dollars/bushel: 9.22 4.72 4.69 4.96 Other spring .............dollars/bushel: 8.33 5.30 4.91 4.73 Hard red winter ..........dollars/bushel: 7.07 5.12 4.52 4.63 Soft red winter ..........dollars/bushel: 6.77 5.27 5.55 5.70 Hard red spring ..........dollars/bushel: 8.38 5.28 4.88 4.70 White ....................dollars/bushel: 6.58 5.81 5.51 5.65 : Fruits : Citrus, equivalent on-tree : Grapefruit ..................dollars/box: 7.47 14.61 10.23 9.08 Lemons ......................dollars/box: 12.30 15.76 16.14 14.98 Oranges .....................dollars/box: 8.16 9.95 9.40 9.65 : Non-citrus, fresh 1/ : Apples ...................dollars/pound: 0.325 0.379 0.313 0.583 Grapes .....................dollars/ton: 628.00 (S) (S) (S) Peaches ....................dollars/ton: 507.00 (S) (S) (S) Pears ......................dollars/ton: 559.00 561.00 733.00 1,200.00 Strawberries ................dollars/cwt: 104.00 126.00 264.00 257.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1/ Beginning February 2020, price reflects FOB shipping point basis Prices Received for Vegetables and Livestock - United States: February 2020 with Comparisons [Price data source for vegetables, livestock, and poultry commodities is United States Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Marketing Service] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 2011 : : : Commodity : Base Price :February 2019 : January 2020 :February 2020 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Vegetables, fresh 1/ : Asparagus ....................dollars/cwt: 37.50 (S) (S) (S) Beans, snap ..................dollars/cwt: 69.00 55.90 62.80 48.40 Broccoli .....................dollars/cwt: 41.60 50.60 99.00 41.00 Cantaloupes ..................dollars/cwt: 16.50 (S) (S) (S) Carrots ......................dollars/cwt: 30.80 26.30 50.90 49.70 Cauliflower ..................dollars/cwt: 47.00 105.00 97.00 70.40 Celery .......................dollars/cwt: 22.50 70.90 45.90 33.90 Corn, sweet ..................dollars/cwt: 30.70 47.90 52.70 38.20 Cucumbers ....................dollars/cwt: 18.70 (S) (S) (S) Lettuce ......................dollars/cwt: 24.30 37.60 80.50 20.60 Onions 2/ ....................dollars/cwt: 11.90 12.30 14.10 19.30 Potatoes .....................dollars/cwt: 14.30 10.70 14.30 14.50 Tomatoes .....................dollars/cwt: 51.20 45.40 130.00 84.70 : Livestock : Calves .......................dollars/cwt: 142.00 170.00 168.00 168.00 Cattle, all beef .............dollars/cwt: 115.00 123.00 122.00 120.00 Cows 3/ .....................dollars/cwt: 71.60 58.90 61.40 65.80 Steers and heifers ..........dollars/cwt: 117.00 126.00 125.00 122.00 Milk cows 4/ ................dollars/head: 1,420.00 (NA) 1,300.00 (NA) Hogs, all ....................dollars/cwt: 66.50 43.40 47.80 45.50 Barrows and gilts ...........dollars/cwt: 66.80 43.60 48.60 46.30 Sows ........................dollars/cwt: 57.90 36.20 25.70 26.10 : Dairy and poultry : Milk, all 5/ .................dollars/cwt: 20.10 16.80 19.60 18.90 Fat test ........................percent: 3.71 4.01 4.03 4.01 Broilers, live 6/ ..........dollars/pound: 0.459 0.490 0.490 0.420 Eggs, all 7/ ...............dollars/dozen: 0.969 0.923 0.753 0.893 Market 7/ 8/ ..............dollars/dozen: 0.796 0.700 0.487 0.640 Turkeys, live 9/ ...........dollars/pound: 0.680 0.528 0.625 0.644 : Adjusted for seasonal variation : Eggs, all ..................dollars/dozen: 0.979 0.875 0.710 0.837 Seasonal factor .................percent: 101 105 106 107 Milk, all ....................dollars/cwt: 20.20 17.40 20.00 19.70 Seasonal factor .................percent: 100 96 98 96 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1/ Beginning February 2020, price reflects FOB shipping point basis 2/ Includes some processing. 3/ Beef cows and cull dairy cows sold for slaughter. 4/ Animals sold for dairy herd replacement only. Prices available for January, April, July, and October. 5/ Before deductions for hauling. Includes quality, quantity, and other premiums. Excludes hauling subsidies. 6/ Live weight equivalent price. 7/ Mid-month price for February 2019; full month price for January and February 2020 8/ Also referred to as table eggs. 9/ Live weight equivalent price is used when actual live weight price is not available. Beginning January 2011, price reflects FOB shipping point basis. Prior year price reflects delivered basis. Prices Received for All Wheat, Corn, and Soybeans by Month - United States: 2020 with Comparisons [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : All wheat : Corn : Soybeans Month :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2018 : 2019 : 2020 : 2018 : 2019 : 2020 : 2018 : 2019 : 2020 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : dollars per bushel : January ....: 4.65 5.28 4.87 3.29 3.56 3.79 9.30 8.64 8.84 February ...: 4.92 5.33 4.88 3.38 3.60 3.78 9.50 8.52 8.59 March ......: 5.10 5.19 3.51 3.61 9.81 8.52 April ......: 5.28 4.93 3.58 3.53 9.85 8.28 May ........: 5.39 4.78 3.68 3.63 9.84 8.02 June .......: 5.19 4.81 3.58 3.98 9.55 8.31 July .......: 5.00 4.52 3.47 4.16 9.08 8.38 August .....: 5.31 4.35 3.36 3.93 8.59 8.22 September ..: 5.15 4.26 3.40 3.80 8.78 8.35 October ....: 5.22 4.45 3.42 3.84 8.59 8.60 November ...: 5.23 4.39 3.41 3.68 8.36 8.59 December ...: 5.28 4.64 3.54 3.71 8.56 8.70 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Prices Received for Beef Cattle and All Hogs by Month - United States: 2020 with Comparisons [Price data source for livestock commodities is United States Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Marketing Service. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Beef cattle 1/ : All hogs 2/ Month :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2018 : 2019 : 2020 : 2018 : 2019 : 2020 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per cwt : January ..: 120.00 121.00 122.00 52.50 44.60 47.80 February .: 125.00 123.00 120.00 54.60 43.40 45.50 March ....: 125.00 126.00 50.00 46.50 April ....: 119.00 125.00 45.30 59.40 May ......: 120.00 120.00 51.50 62.30 June .....: 112.00 114.00 59.10 59.50 July .....: 110.00 112.00 58.60 56.60 August ...: 110.00 111.00 44.30 58.50 September : 108.00 103.00 43.20 47.70 October ..: 110.00 107.00 50.30 49.10 November .: 113.00 113.00 46.20 48.00 December .: 117.00 118.00 43.40 47.30 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Cows and steers & heifers. 2/ Barrows & gilts and sows. Prices Received for All Wheat - States and United States: February 2020 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : February 2019 : January 2020 : February 2020 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Arizona ............: (S) (D) (D) Arkansas ...........: (D) (D) (D) California .........: (S) (D) (D) Colorado ...........: 4.86 4.21 4.34 Idaho ..............: 5.38 5.16 5.28 Illinois ...........: 5.45 5.69 (D) Indiana ............: 5.56 5.48 5.32 Kansas .............: 5.09 4.34 4.42 Michigan ...........: 5.22 5.58 5.65 Minnesota ..........: 5.53 4.89 4.38 : Missouri ...........: 5.28 5.39 5.82 Montana ............: 5.29 4.90 4.80 Nebraska ...........: 4.78 4.13 4.40 North Carolina .....: 5.19 5.94 5.50 North Dakota .......: 5.07 4.67 4.72 Ohio ...............: 5.52 5.46 5.69 Oklahoma ...........: 4.45 4.59 4.42 Oregon .............: 5.87 6.00 6.04 South Dakota .......: 5.27 4.66 4.85 Texas ..............: 5.62 5.02 5.03 Washington .........: 6.07 5.63 5.75 : United States ......: 5.33 4.87 4.88 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Winter Wheat - States and United States: February 2020 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : February 2019 : January 2020 : February 2020 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Arkansas ...........: (D) (D) (D) California .........: (S) (D) (D) Colorado ...........: 4.86 4.21 4.34 Idaho ..............: 5.37 5.14 5.24 Illinois ...........: 5.45 5.69 (D) Indiana ............: 5.56 5.48 5.32 Kansas .............: 5.09 4.34 4.42 Michigan ...........: 5.22 5.58 5.65 Minnesota 1/ .......: (S) (NA) (NA) Missouri ...........: 5.28 5.39 5.82 : Montana ............: 5.27 4.77 4.82 Nebraska ...........: 4.78 4.13 4.40 North Carolina .....: 5.19 5.94 5.50 North Dakota .......: (D) (D) 3.13 Ohio ...............: 5.52 5.46 5.69 Oklahoma ...........: 4.45 4.59 4.42 Oregon .............: 5.86 6.00 6.04 South Dakota .......: 5.28 4.48 4.78 Texas ..............: 5.62 5.02 5.03 Washington .........: 6.00 5.59 5.72 : United States ......: 5.40 4.86 4.98 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1/ Monthly estimates discontinued in September 2019. Prices Received for Durum Wheat - States and United States: February 2020 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : February 2019 : January 2020 : February 2020 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Arizona ............: (S) (D) (D) California .........: (S) (S) (S) Idaho ..............: (D) (D) (D) Montana ............: (D) (D) 4.72 North Dakota .......: 4.73 4.49 4.78 : United States ......: 4.72 4.69 4.96 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Spring Wheat - States and United States: February 2020 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : February 2019 : January 2020 : February 2020 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Colorado 1/ ........: (S) (NA) (NA) Idaho ..............: 5.38 5.19 5.35 Minnesota ..........: 5.53 4.89 4.38 Montana ............: 5.36 5.05 4.82 North Dakota .......: 5.10 4.74 4.72 Oregon 1/ ..........: 5.96 (NA) (NA) South Dakota .......: 5.26 4.93 5.00 Washington .........: 6.28 5.87 5.90 : United States ......: 5.30 4.91 4.73 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1/ Monthly estimates discontinued in September 2019. Prices Received for Oats - States and United States: February 2020 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : February 2019 : January 2020 : February 2020 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Illinois ...........: (S) (D) (D) Iowa ...............: 3.94 4.17 3.18 Michigan ...........: 3.62 4.24 (D) Minnesota ..........: 2.57 2.61 2.64 Montana ............: (D) (D) (S) Nebraska ...........: 3.32 3.35 (D) New York ...........: (S) (D) (D) North Dakota .......: (D) 2.88 2.52 Oregon .............: (S) (D) (S) Pennsylvania .......: (D) (D) 4.45 South Dakota .......: 2.76 2.81 2.79 Texas ..............: (S) (S) (S) Wisconsin ..........: 3.02 2.97 3.15 : United States ......: 2.84 2.93 2.73 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for All Barley - States and United States: February 2020 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : February 2019 : January 2020 : February 2020 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : California .........: (S) (D) (D) Colorado ...........: 4.60 (D) 5.06 Idaho ..............: 5.08 5.09 4.83 Minnesota ..........: 4.46 4.30 (D) Montana ............: 4.40 4.54 4.21 North Dakota .......: 4.30 4.26 4.16 Washington .........: 3.47 5.02 (D) Wyoming ............: (D) (D) (D) : United States ......: 4.65 4.68 4.68 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Malting Barley - States and United States: February 2020 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : February 2019 : January 2020 : February 2020 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : California .........: (S) (D) (S) Colorado ...........: 4.60 (D) 5.08 Idaho ..............: 5.19 (D) (D) Minnesota ..........: 4.46 (D) (D) Montana ............: 4.52 4.70 4.49 North Dakota .......: 4.42 4.48 4.25 Washington .........: (D) (D) (D) Wyoming ............: (D) (D) (D) : United States ......: 4.75 4.83 4.78 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Feed Barley - States and United States: February 2020 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : February 2019 : January 2020 : February 2020 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : California .........: (S) (S) (D) Colorado ...........: (S) (S) (D) Idaho ..............: 3.26 3.98 3.41 Minnesota ..........: (S) (D) (S) Montana ............: 3.30 2.86 3.01 North Dakota .......: 3.17 3.27 3.15 Washington .........: 3.22 2.92 3.12 Wyoming ............: (S) (D) (D) : United States ......: 3.23 3.27 3.16 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Sorghum Grain - States and United States: February 2020 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : February 2019 : January 2020 : February 2020 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per cwt : Arkansas 1/ ........: (S) (NA) (NA) Kansas .............: 5.63 5.63 5.59 Louisiana 1/ .......: (S) (NA) (NA) Missouri 1/ ........: 6.94 (NA) (NA) Nebraska ...........: 5.56 5.63 5.50 Oklahoma ...........: 5.91 6.09 5.97 Texas ..............: 6.46 6.31 6.67 : United States ......: 5.82 5.75 5.86 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1/ Monthly estimates discontinued in September 2019. Prices Received for Corn - States and United States: February 2020 with Comparisons --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : February 2019 : January 2020 : February 2020 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Colorado ...............: 3.56 3.89 3.78 Illinois ...............: 3.58 3.76 3.71 Indiana ................: 3.79 4.08 4.04 Iowa ...................: 3.54 3.78 3.74 Kansas .................: 3.64 3.67 3.66 Kentucky ...............: 3.71 4.11 4.16 Michigan ...............: 3.69 3.93 4.03 Minnesota ..............: 3.41 3.59 3.58 Missouri ...............: 3.70 3.90 3.93 Nebraska ...............: 3.55 3.70 3.71 : North Carolina .........: 4.50 4.73 4.67 North Dakota ...........: 3.31 3.21 3.17 Ohio ...................: 3.73 4.15 4.14 Pennsylvania ...........: 4.20 4.31 4.46 South Dakota ...........: 3.34 3.56 3.52 Tennessee ..............: 3.92 3.76 3.97 Texas ..................: 4.72 4.28 4.41 Wisconsin ..............: 3.46 3.66 3.66 : United States ..........: 3.60 3.79 3.78 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received for Soybeans - States and United States: February 2020 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : February 2019 : January 2020 : February 2020 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Arkansas ...........: 8.72 8.95 8.75 Illinois ...........: 8.71 9.00 8.80 Indiana ............: 8.91 9.20 9.04 Iowa ...............: 8.38 8.73 8.56 Kansas .............: 8.18 8.55 8.31 Kentucky ...........: 8.92 9.22 9.00 Louisiana ..........: 7.97 9.00 8.52 Michigan ...........: 8.61 9.03 8.94 Minnesota ..........: 8.38 8.44 7.82 Mississippi ........: (D) 9.05 8.69 : Missouri ...........: 8.69 8.93 8.87 Nebraska ...........: 8.19 8.53 8.33 North Carolina .....: 8.63 8.95 8.94 North Dakota .......: 7.82 8.05 7.83 Ohio ...............: 8.85 9.39 9.30 South Dakota .......: 8.04 8.51 8.26 Tennessee ..........: 8.81 9.13 8.98 Wisconsin ..........: 8.48 8.63 8.45 : United States ......: 8.52 8.84 8.59 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Prices Received for Dry Beans - States and United States: February 2020 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : February 2019 : January 2020 : February 2020 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per cwt : California .........: 70.40 59.80 (D) Colorado ...........: (D) (D) (D) Idaho ..............: 24.80 (D) 30.30 Michigan ...........: 30.00 35.10 37.60 Minnesota ..........: (D) 37.00 36.40 Nebraska ...........: (D) (D) (D) North Dakota .......: 19.70 32.70 34.50 : United States ......: 26.20 35.20 36.20 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Prices Received for Peanuts (in shell) - States and United States: February 2020 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : February 2019 : January 2020 : February 2020 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per pound : Alabama ............: 0.209 0.192 0.198 Arkansas ...........: 0.206 (S) 0.209 Florida ............: 0.198 0.172 0.198 Georgia ............: 0.209 0.190 0.196 Mississippi ........: 0.031 0.064 0.188 New Mexico .........: 0.537 (S) (S) North Carolina .....: 0.221 0.245 0.214 Oklahoma ...........: 0.228 0.241 0.231 South Carolina .....: 0.214 0.213 0.212 Texas ..............: 0.337 0.250 0.278 Virginia ...........: 0.225 0.216 0.220 : United States ......: 0.223 0.209 0.205 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Sunflower - States and United States: February 2020 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : February 2019 : January 2020 : February 2020 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per cwt : Kansas .............: (D) 19.40 (D) Minnesota ..........: (D) 19.80 20.40 North Dakota .......: 18.50 19.10 19.80 South Dakota .......: 17.70 19.30 21.00 : United States ......: 18.00 19.30 20.20 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Prices Received for Canola - States and United States: February 2020 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : February 2019 : January 2020 : February 2020 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per cwt : Minnesota ..........: (D) (D) (D) Montana ............: (D) (D) 13.60 North Dakota .......: 16.20 16.00 15.80 Oklahoma ...........: (S) (S) (S) : United States ......: 16.20 16.00 15.80 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Flaxseed - States and United States: February 2020 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : February 2019 : January 2020 : February 2020 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : North Dakota .......: 9.79 8.99 10.40 : United States ......: 9.79 8.99 10.40 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received for Upland Cotton and Cottonseed - States and United States: February 2020 with Comparisons [Cottonseed marketing year August - February] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Cotton, Upland : Cottonseed State :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : February : January : February : February : January : February : 2019 : 2020 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 : 2020 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -------- dollars per pound -------- --------- dollars per ton -------- : Alabama ............: (D) 0.555 0.613 99.00 132.00 157.00 Arizona ............: (D) (S) (S) 220.00 270.00 270.00 Arkansas ...........: 0.736 0.620 0.626 140.00 (S) 150.00 California .........: (D) (S) (S) (D) (D) (D) Georgia ............: 0.701 0.629 0.612 118.00 117.00 116.00 Louisiana ..........: (D) 0.635 0.613 180.00 180.00 (S) Mississippi ........: 0.755 0.596 0.625 165.00 (S) (S) North Carolina .....: 0.684 0.639 0.640 (D) 126.00 130.00 Tennessee ..........: (D) 0.586 0.601 (S) (S) (S) Texas ..............: 0.656 0.586 0.584 157.00 165.00 151.00 : United States ......: 0.676 0.597 0.607 174.00 183.00 210.00 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received and Marketings for Upland Cotton and Rice - United States: February 2020 with Comparisons ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Item : February 2019 : January 2020 : February 2020 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Cotton, Upland : Average price ......dollars/pound: 0.676 0.597 0.607 Marketings 1/ ........1,000 bales: 1,402 3,142 931 : Rice, all : Average price ........dollars/cwt: 12.40 13.10 12.60 Marketings 2/ ..........1,000 cwt: 12,434 19,803 20,967 : Rice, long : Average price ........dollars/cwt: 10.80 12.00 12.50 Marketings 2/ ..........1,000 cwt: 9,885 14,792 14,206 : Rice, medium and short : California : Average price ........dollars/cwt: 21.20 17.60 18.70 : Other States 3/ : Average price ........dollars/cwt: 12.40 11.60 10.90 : United States : Average price ........dollars/cwt: 18.50 16.30 12.90 Marketings 2/ ..........1,000 cwt: 2,549 5,011 6,761 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Marketings based on a survey of cotton buyers in the major producing States - Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Texas. 2/ Purchases by private firms and rice (rough equivalent) shipped by cooperatives. 3/ Other States include Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, and Texas. Prices Received for Hay by Type - States and United States: February 2020 with Comparisons ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : All hay : Alfalfa hay : Other hay State :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : February : January : February : February : January : February : February : January : February : 2019 : 2020 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 : 2020 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per ton : Arizona ..............: 209.00 195.00 200.00 210.00 195.00 200.00 200.00 200.00 200.00 California ...........: 209.00 191.00 189.00 220.00 205.00 200.00 175.00 155.00 150.00 Colorado .............: 240.00 225.00 230.00 240.00 225.00 230.00 240.00 225.00 230.00 Idaho ................: 165.00 153.00 153.00 165.00 155.00 155.00 160.00 140.00 140.00 Illinois .............: 166.00 165.00 162.00 175.00 180.00 175.00 135.00 125.00 120.00 Iowa .................: 138.00 121.00 115.00 141.00 130.00 119.00 127.00 106.00 101.00 Kansas ...............: 157.00 128.00 127.00 174.00 141.00 138.00 102.00 99.00 103.00 Kentucky .............: 162.00 143.00 147.00 220.00 205.00 205.00 150.00 125.00 130.00 Michigan .............: 159.00 173.00 168.00 170.00 190.00 185.00 140.00 140.00 135.00 Minnesota ............: 173.00 145.00 138.00 179.00 163.00 156.00 152.00 113.00 101.00 : Missouri .............: 127.00 118.00 116.00 155.00 150.00 150.00 120.00 110.00 110.00 Montana ..............: 148.00 141.00 141.00 150.00 140.00 140.00 135.00 145.00 145.00 Nebraska .............: 113.00 98.00 102.00 120.00 103.00 110.00 96.00 86.00 82.00 Nevada ...............: 180.00 180.00 185.00 180.00 180.00 185.00 175.00 175.00 170.00 New Mexico ...........: 247.00 215.00 215.00 260.00 220.00 220.00 165.00 190.00 190.00 New York .............: 168.00 174.00 174.00 200.00 200.00 200.00 167.00 165.00 165.00 North Dakota .........: 87.00 86.00 82.00 90.00 91.00 85.00 68.00 62.00 68.00 Ohio .................: 143.00 186.00 187.00 180.00 220.00 220.00 125.00 160.00 160.00 Oklahoma .............: 123.00 96.00 100.00 190.00 153.00 160.00 110.00 89.00 88.00 Oregon ...............: 181.00 193.00 189.00 185.00 200.00 200.00 175.00 180.00 175.00 : Pennsylvania .........: 188.00 191.00 183.00 199.00 228.00 229.00 185.00 180.00 171.00 South Dakota .........: 114.00 105.00 101.00 117.00 112.00 106.00 105.00 94.00 88.00 Texas ................: 143.00 135.00 141.00 197.00 197.00 184.00 127.00 128.00 133.00 Utah .................: 185.00 185.00 175.00 185.00 185.00 175.00 140.00 140.00 140.00 Washington ...........: 186.00 183.00 184.00 180.00 195.00 195.00 200.00 160.00 160.00 Wisconsin ............: 196.00 183.00 176.00 201.00 191.00 184.00 179.00 144.00 145.00 Wyoming ..............: 170.00 173.00 170.00 175.00 180.00 180.00 145.00 150.00 140.00 : United States ........: 170.00 155.00 157.00 180.00 171.00 171.00 153.00 134.00 136.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received for Premium and Supreme Alfalfa Hay - States and 5-State Total: February 2020 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : February 2019 : January 2020 : February 2020 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per ton : California .........: 240.00 225.00 220.00 Idaho ..............: 180.00 175.00 170.00 Michigan ...........: 175.00 210.00 200.00 Minnesota ..........: 232.00 253.00 256.00 New York ...........: 256.00 246.00 256.00 Pennsylvania .......: 310.00 289.00 305.00 Texas ..............: 257.00 222.00 225.00 Wisconsin ..........: 248.00 267.00 264.00 : 5-State Total 1/ 2/ : 225.00 210.00 210.00 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ 5-State total represents a weighted (hay purchases) average price for the five largest milk producing States (based on the pounds of milk produced during the previous month). 2/ For January 2020, includes California, Idaho, New York, Texas, and Wisconsin. For February 2020, includes California, Idaho, New York, Texas, and Wisconsin. Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization - United States: February 2019 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Equivalent returns Commodity : FOB :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : packed : Packinghouse door : On-tree : fresh :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : All : Fresh : Process : All : Fresh : Process --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per box : Grapefruit ..........................: 33.50 17.81 23.62 14.44 14.61 20.90 10.95 : Lemons ..............................: 41.10 21.91 30.90 (D) 15.76 24.25 (D) : Oranges .............................: 27.70 12.99 17.52 10.13 9.95 14.66 6.97 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization - United States: January 2020 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Equivalent returns Commodity : FOB :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : packed : Packinghouse door : On-tree : fresh :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : All : Fresh : Process : All : Fresh : Process --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per box : Grapefruit ..........................: 31.20 12.46 20.43 5.20 10.23 18.35 2.84 : Lemons ..............................: 42.80 22.42 32.35 (D) 16.14 25.57 (D) : Oranges .............................: 27.80 12.48 17.34 10.76 9.40 14.51 7.59 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization - United States: February 2020 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Equivalent returns Commodity : FOB :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : packed : Packinghouse door : On-tree : fresh :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : All : Fresh : Process : All : Fresh : Process --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per box : Grapefruit ..........................: 30.30 11.63 19.64 7.17 9.08 17.37 4.47 : Lemons ..............................: 40.20 21.32 29.81 (D) 14.98 23.03 (D) : Oranges .............................: 27.30 12.69 16.90 9.85 9.65 14.01 6.71 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Prices Received for All Milk - States and United States: February 2020 with Comparisons [Before deduction for hauling. Includes quality, quantity, and other premiums. Excludes hauling subsidies] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : February 2019 : January 2020 : February 2020 State :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Price :Fat test : Price :Fat test : Price : Fat test ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- :dollars per cwt percent dollars per cwt percent dollars per cwt percent : Arizona ............: 16.50 3.78 18.80 3.88 17.90 3.80 California .........: 16.50 4.03 19.40 3.97 18.60 3.93 Colorado ...........: 17.20 3.87 20.00 3.92 19.20 3.91 Florida ............: 20.50 3.63 23.80 3.69 22.10 3.67 Georgia ............: 18.50 3.64 21.60 3.80 20.60 3.80 Idaho ..............: 16.10 4.07 18.60 4.16 17.90 4.09 Illinois ...........: 16.70 4.02 19.70 4.02 19.10 4.01 Indiana ............: 16.80 3.97 19.50 3.99 18.70 3.99 Iowa ...............: 16.80 4.06 20.50 4.11 19.90 4.11 Kansas .............: 15.90 4.01 18.60 4.10 17.70 4.06 : Michigan ...........: 15.80 3.87 18.40 3.90 17.70 3.89 Minnesota ..........: 16.70 4.15 20.30 4.21 19.80 4.17 New Mexico .........: 15.00 3.80 18.00 3.94 17.00 3.91 New York ...........: 17.70 3.98 19.80 3.99 19.10 3.98 Ohio ...............: 17.40 3.97 20.10 4.03 19.40 4.01 Oregon .............: 18.80 4.23 21.50 4.24 20.90 4.14 Pennsylvania .......: 17.90 3.95 20.20 3.99 19.40 3.98 South Dakota .......: 17.60 4.38 20.70 4.38 20.30 4.35 Texas ..............: 17.00 4.25 19.90 4.32 19.40 4.31 Utah ...............: 16.30 4.00 19.20 4.11 18.60 4.07 : Vermont ............: 18.10 4.05 20.30 3.99 19.60 3.99 Virginia ...........: 18.60 3.85 21.30 3.94 19.90 3.92 Washington .........: 17.60 4.23 19.80 4.24 18.90 4.14 Wisconsin ..........: 16.30 3.98 19.40 3.96 19.10 3.97 : United States ......: 16.80 4.01 19.60 4.03 18.90 4.01 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received for Milk Cows - States and United States: January 2020 with Comparisons [Animals sold for dairy herd replacement only. Quarterly United States milk cow prices are based on revised milk cow inventory] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : January 2019 : October 2019 : January 2020 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per head : Arizona ............: 1,250 1,450 1,450 California .........: 1,100 1,400 1,400 Colorado ...........: 1,200 1,300 1,300 Florida ............: 1,200 1,280 1,350 Georgia ............: 1,150 1,300 1,310 Idaho ..............: 1,250 1,350 1,350 Illinois ...........: 1,120 1,200 1,260 Indiana ............: 1,050 1,250 1,220 Iowa ...............: 1,080 1,280 1,200 Kansas .............: 1,300 1,300 1,400 : Michigan ...........: 1,180 1,320 1,260 Minnesota ..........: 1,050 1,160 1,140 New Mexico .........: 1,250 1,400 1,400 New York ...........: 1,040 1,260 1,190 Ohio ...............: 1,000 1,120 1,200 Oregon .............: 1,350 1,350 1,300 Pennsylvania .......: 1,050 1,190 1,210 South Dakota .......: 1,120 1,250 1,280 Texas ..............: 1,300 1,350 1,400 Utah ...............: 1,100 1,250 1,250 : Vermont ............: 1,100 1,300 1,290 Virginia ...........: 970 1,120 1,160 Washington .........: 1,200 1,350 1,250 Wisconsin ..........: 1,120 1,270 1,260 : United States ......: 1,140 1,310 1,300 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Commodity Parity Prices and Price as Percent of Parity Price - United States: February 2020 with Comparisons [Parity prices are computed under the provisions of Title III, Subtitle a, Section 301 (a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 as amended by the Agricultural Acts of 1948, 1949, and 1956. See February "Agricultural Prices" for details on adjusted base price and parity price computations. Parity data not available for blank cells. Primary source of data for livestock and milk prices is United States Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Marketing Service] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Parity price : Price as percent :Adjusted : : : of parity Commodity and unit : base :----------------------------------------------------------- : price :February : January :February :February : January :February : : 2019 : 2020 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 : 2020 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------------- dollars ------------- ------- percent ------ : Basic commodities : All wheat ............bushel: 0.558 17.00 16.70 16.60 31 29 29 Rice ....................cwt: 1.29 39.90 38.50 38.40 31 34 33 Corn .................bushel: 0.433 13.10 12.90 12.90 27 29 29 Cotton : Upland ..............pound: 0.070 2.05 2.09 2.08 33 29 29 American Pima .......pound: 0.140 4.04 4.18 4.17 28 28 28 Peanuts ...............pound: 0.023 0.684 0.686 0.684 33 30 30 Small chickpeas 1/ ......cwt: 2.40 72.00 71.60 71.40 37 24 22 Large chickpeas 1/ ......cwt: 3.12 97.00 93.10 92.90 21 20 18 Lentils 1/ ..............cwt: 2.39 76.10 71.30 71.10 20 27 25 : Designated non-basic : All milk, to plants 2/ ..cwt: 1.80 52.30 53.70 53.60 33 37 37 Honey, extracted 3/ ...pound: 0.191 5.53 5.70 5.68 39 38 38 : Wool and mohair : Wool ..................pound: 0.149 4.16 4.45 4.43 42 42 43 Mohair ................pound: 0.457 12.70 13.60 13.60 41 47 47 : Other non-basic : Apples, fresh 4/ ......pound: 0.036 1.040 1.070 1.070 36 29 54 Barley ...............bushel: 0.495 15.00 14.80 14.70 31 32 32 Canola ..................cwt: 1.87 55.90 55.80 55.70 29 29 28 Cottonseed ..............ton: 19.50 601.00 582.00 580.00 29 31 36 Dry edible beans ........cwt: 3.11 95.20 92.80 92.60 28 38 39 Flaxseed .............bushel: 1.09 32.40 32.50 32.40 30 28 32 Oats .................bushel: 0.290 8.57 8.65 8.63 33 34 32 Potatoes, fresh .........cwt: 1.07 33.00 31.90 31.80 32 45 46 Sorghum grain ...........cwt: 0.736 22.10 22.00 21.90 26 26 27 Soybeans .............bushel: 1.06 32.40 31.60 31.50 26 28 27 Sunflower, all ..........cwt: 2.07 62.50 61.80 61.60 29 31 33 : Citrus (equivalent on-tree) : Grapefruit ..............box: 0.837 21.90 25.00 24.90 67 41 36 Lemons ..................box: 1.87 55.60 55.80 55.70 28 29 27 Oranges .................box: 1.010 27.10 30.10 30.10 37 31 32 : Livestock and poultry : Beef cattle .............cwt: 11.90 348.00 355.00 354.00 35 34 34 Broilers ..............pound: 0.052 1.55 1.55 1.55 32 32 27 Calves ..................cwt: 17.30 506.00 516.00 515.00 34 33 33 Eggs 2/ ...............dozen: 0.101 3.03 3.01 3.01 29 24 28 Hogs ....................cwt: 5.72 169.00 171.00 170.00 26 28 27 Turkeys, live .........pound: 0.066 1.960 1.970 1.960 27 32 33 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Parity prices began January 2015. 2/ Seasonally adjusted price as percentage of parity price. 3/ Wholesale extracted. Adjusted base price derived from state annual averages prices weighted by production. For 1982 through 1985 the national averages are the support prices. 4/ Equivalent packinghouse-door returns for California, New York, Oregon, and Washington. Price at point of first sale for other states. Commodity Parity Prices - United States: February 2020 with Comparisons [Parity prices are computed under the provisions of Title III, Subtitle a, Section 301 (a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 as amended by the Agricultural Acts of 1948, 1949, and 1956. See February "Agricultural Prices" for details on adjusted base price and parity price computations] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Parity price : Adjusted : : : Commodity and unit : base :----------------------------------------- : price : February : January : February : : 2019 : 2020 : 2020 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars : Field crops and miscellaneous : Hops ..............................pound: 0.422 12.10 12.60 12.60 Mustard seed ........................cwt: 3.15 98.10 94.00 93.70 Rapeseed ............................cwt: 2.64 80.60 78.80 78.60 Rye ..............................bushel: 0.628 18.60 18.70 18.70 Safflower ...........................cwt: 2.19 66.60 65.30 65.20 Spearmint oil .....................pound: 1.75 51.50 52.20 52.10 Sweet potatoes ......................cwt: 2.01 61.60 60.00 59.80 : Tobacco : Flue-cured, 11-14 ...............pound: 0.187 5.50 5.58 5.57 Fire-cured, 21-23 ...............pound: 0.257 7.55 7.67 7.65 Burley, 31 ......................pound: 0.184 5.38 5.49 5.48 Maryland, 32 ....................pound: 0.173 5.09 5.16 5.15 Dark air-cured, 35-37 ...........pound: 0.229 6.78 6.83 6.82 Pennsylvania seedleaf, 41 .......pound: 0.201 5.83 6.00 5.98 : Non-citrus fruit : Apples, processing 1/ 2/ ............ton: 20.30 601.00 606.00 604.00 Apricots : Fresh 3/ ..........................ton: 128.00 3,600.00 3,820.00 3,810.00 Dried (California) ................ton: 313.00 9,310.00 9,340.00 9,310.00 Avocados 2/ 3/ ......................ton: 198.00 5,950.00 5,910.00 5,890.00 Cherries : Sweet .............................ton: 210.00 6,390.00 6,270.00 6,250.00 Tart 2/ .........................pound: 0.030 0.952 0.895 0.893 Cranberry 2/ 4/ ..................barrel: 3.55 115.00 106.00 106.00 Dates (California) 3/ ...............ton: 184.00 4,730.00 5,490.00 5,480.00 : Grapes (California) : Raisin variety 5/ .................ton: 147.00 4,370.00 4,390.00 4,370.00 Wine, processing ..................ton: 75.90 2,140.00 2,260.00 2,260.00 Kiwifruit 2/ ........................ton: 105.00 3,120.00 3,130.00 3,120.00 Nectarines, fresh (California) 3/ ...ton: 78.50 2,170.00 2,340.00 2,340.00 Olives, canning (California) 4/ .....ton: 111.00 3,150.00 3,310.00 3,300.00 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Commodity Parity Prices - United States: February 2020 with Comparisons (continued) [Parity prices are computed under the provisions of Title III, Subtitle a, Section 301 (a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 as amended by the Agricultural Acts of 1948, 1949, and 1956. See February "Agricultural Prices" for details on adjusted base price and parity price computations] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : : Parity price :Adjusted : : : Commodity and unit : base :-------------------------------------------- : price : February : January : February : : 2019 : 2020 : 2020 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : dollars : Non-citrus fruit - continued : Papayas (Hawaii) .................pound: 0.045 1.25 1.34 1.34 Peaches : Fresh 4/ 6/ ......................ton: 103.00 2,890.00 3,070.00 3,070.00 Dried (California) 1/ 5/ .........ton: 43.30 1,290.00 1,290.00 1,290.00 Processing, excludes dried : Clingstone (California) 4/ ....ton: 39.20 1,130.00 1,170.00 1,170.00 : Pears, Fresh 6/ ....................ton: 63.90 1,890.00 1,910.00 1,900.00 Plums (California) equivalent on-tree : Fresh 7/ .........................ton: 74.50 2,040.00 2,220.00 2,220.00 Prunes, dried (California) 1/ 2/ 5/ ton: 178.00 5,090.00 5,310.00 5,300.00 Strawberries : Fresh 10/ ......................pound: 9.82 286.00 293.00 292.00 Processing .....................pound: 3.74 108.00 112.00 111.00 Sugar crops : Sugar beets 2/ 8/ ................ton: 4.91 152.00 147.00 146.00 Sugarcane 2/ 8/ ..................ton: 3.50 104.00 104.00 104.00 : Tree nuts 9/ : Almonds ..........................pound: 0.253 7.20 7.55 7.53 Hazelnuts ..........................ton: 237.00 7,020.00 7,070.00 7,050.00 Pistachios .......................pound: 0.244 7.08 7.28 7.26 Walnuts ............................ton: 236.00 7,050.00 7,040.00 7,020.00 : Vegetables, fresh 10/ : Carrots 11/ ........................cwt: 2.82 83.00 84.10 83.90 Cauliflower 11/ ....................cwt: 4.66 137.00 139.00 139.00 Celery 11/ .........................cwt: 2.05 58.90 61.20 61.00 Honeydew melons ....................cwt: 2.04 60.10 60.90 60.70 Lettuce ............................cwt: 2.52 72.30 75.20 75.00 Onions 11/ .........................cwt: 1.41 41.90 42.10 42.00 Tomatoes ...........................cwt: 4.01 120.00 120.00 119.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Equivalent returns at processing plant door. 2/ Adjusted base price is carried forward from the previous year since current marketing year average price is not yet available. 3/ Equivalent returns at packinghouse door. 4/ Equivalent returns for bulk fruit at first delivery point. 5/ Dried basis. 6/ Equivalent packinghouse-door returns for California, New York (apples only), Oregon (except peaches), and Washington. Price at point of first sale for other states. 7/ Based on "as sold" prices for fresh fruit in all states. 8/ Relates to prices including average conditional payments per ton made under the sugar acts of 1937 and 1948. Crop deficiency and abandonment payments not included. 9/ Prices In-Shell basis except almonds which are shelled basis. 10/ FOB shipping point price. 11/ Includes some processing. Reliability of Prices Received Estimates Definition: Prices received represent sales from producers to first buyers. They include all grades and qualities. The average commodity price from the survey multiplied by the total quantity marketed theoretically should give the total cash receipts for the commodity. Survey procedures: Primary sales data used to determine grain prices were obtained from probability samples of about 1,900 mills and elevators. These procedures ensure that virtually all grain moving into commercial channels has a chance of being included in the survey. Generally, States surveyed account for 90 percent or more of total United States production. Livestock prices are obtained from packers, stockyards, auctions, dealers, and market check data from AMS-USDA, private marketing organizations, and state commodity groups and agencies. Inter-farm sales of grain and livestock are not included since they represent very small percentages of the total sales. Grain marketed for seed is also excluded. Fruit and vegetable prices are obtained from sample surveys and market check data from AMS-USDA, private marketing organizations, state agencies, and universities. Summary and estimation procedures: Survey quantities sold are expanded by strata to state levels and used to weight average strata prices to a state average. State prices are then weighted to a United States price based on expanded sales. Recommendations are prepared by the Regional Field Offices and reviewed by the Agricultural Statistics Board in Washington, D.C. State recommendations are reviewed for reasonableness with survey data, other States, and recent historic estimates. Revisions: In general, revisions are made during annual commodity market year estimation time, following five-year Census revisions, or when later information is received. Revisions are published in monthly issues of Agricultural Prices. Reliability: United States price estimates based on probability surveys generally have a sampling error of less than one percent for the major commodities such as corn, wheat, soybeans, cotton, and rice. Current methods of summarization for non-probability commodities are not designed directly to calculate sampling errors. However, analytical measures approximate the United States relative sampling errors at around five percent. Any non- sampling errors are attributed to such things as the inability to obtain correct information, differences in interpreting questions or definitions, mistakes in coding or processing the data, etc. Efforts are made at each step in the survey process to minimize these non-sampling errors. Program Changes: After the Council on Food, Agricultural and Resource Economics (C-FARE) 2009 program review which included changes in farm production practices, plans were implemented to make necessary program improvements in the agricultural price program. The index group structure for prices received was modified to maintain a more universal structure and consistency with the required 1910-1914 series. Modifications implemented January 2014 include the following: updated the current 1990-1992 base reference period to 2011; linked the 1910-1914 series to the updated base reference period, 2011; created index groups used universally by researchers, data users, and policymakers; and re-classified agricultural commodities into the index groups. Also the modifications expanded the commodity coverage for vegetable, melon, non-citrus, and tree nuts; updated monthly market weights; and adjusted (normalized) current five year moving average cash receipts and farm input cost weights. Modifications implemented January 2015 discontinued preliminary prices and replaced the annual average index with an annual index. The February 2016 program update changed the rounding of the 2011 base period indexes to nearest tenth of a percent. The 1910-1914 base period indexes remain rounded to the nearest whole number. See Price Program Links at end of this report for program change details. February Prices Paid by Farmers The February Prices Paid Index for Commodities and Services, Interest, Taxes, and Farm Wage Rates (PPITW), at 110.0, is down 0.3 percent from January 2020 and down 0.5 percent from February 2019. Production: The February index, at 105.9, is down 0.5 percent from January and 1.5 percent from last year. Lower prices for feeder cattle, feeder pigs, diesel, and supplements more than offset higher prices for nitrogen, hay and forages, repairs, and trucks. Feed: At 102.1, the February index decreased 0.4 percent from January but unchanged from last February. Since January, lower prices for supplements, complete feeds, concentrates, and feed grains more than offset higher prices for hay and forages. Livestock and poultry: The February index, at 104.8, decreased 2.3 percent from January and 0.6 percent from last year. Since January, prices are lower for feeder cattle and feeder pigs. The February feeder cattle price, at $145.00 per cwt, is down $3.00 per cwt from the January. Feeder pigs February price, at $145.00 per cwt, is down $15.00 per cwt from the previous month. Fertilizer: The index for February, at 60.6, is up 0.7 percent from January but down 14 percent from a year ago. Since January, higher prices for nitrogen more than offset lower prices for mixed fertilizer and potash and phosphate. Chemicals: The February index, at 96.5, is unchanged from January but down 6.2 percent from last February. Fuels: At 63.6, the February index is down 4.6 percent from January and 7.0 percent from February 2019. Compared with January, prices are lower for diesel, gasoline, and LP gas. Machinery: The index for February, at 128.5, decreased 0.3 percent from January but increased 2.8 percent from last February. Compared with last month, prices are lower for self-propelled machinery and other machinery. Consumer Price Index: The February 2020 Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U), as issued by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, increased 2.3 percent over the last 12 months to an index level of 258.678 (1982- 1984=100). For the month, the index increased 0.3 percent prior to seasonal adjustment. Prices Paid Indexes and Related Parity Ratios - United States: February 2020 with Comparisons [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1910-1914 Base : 2011 Base Index Group :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- and : February : January : February : February : January : February Ratios : 2019 : 2020 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 : 2020 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : Prices paid by farmers for : commodities, services, : interest, taxes, and wage : rates (PPITW) ...................: 2994 2986 2976 110.6 110.3 110.0 Production ....................: 2238 2215 2204 107.5 106.4 105.9 Feed ........................: 1125 1130 1125 102.1 102.5 102.1 Livestock and poultry .......: 2081 2118 2069 105.4 107.3 104.8 Seeds .......................: 3885 3800 3800 118.2 115.6 115.6 Fertilizer ..................: 850 725 730 70.6 60.2 60.6 Chemicals ...................: 924 866 866 102.9 96.5 96.5 Fuels .......................: 1913 1866 1778 68.4 66.7 63.6 Supplies and repairs ........: 1347 1360 1362 114.2 115.3 115.5 : Autos and trucks ............: 3263 3264 3275 106.2 106.2 106.6 Machinery ...................: 7636 7880 7851 125.0 128.9 128.5 Building materials ..........: 2749 2755 2761 118.2 118.4 118.7 Services and rent ...........: 2475 2480 2478 (NA) (NA) (NA) Services ....................: (NA) (NA) (NA) 116.6 116.2 116.0 Rent ........................: (NA) (NA) (NA) 116.5 117.8 117.8 : Interest 1/ ...................: 4205 4307 4307 115.3 118.1 118.1 Taxes 2/ ......................: 7000 7095 7095 117.9 119.5 119.5 Wage rates ....................: 9574 9612 9612 133.7 134.2 134.2 Family living-CPI 3/ ..........: 2401 2451 2457 112.4 114.7 115.0 : Production, interest, taxes, ....: and wage rates (PITW) .........: 3112 3091 3078 110.3 109.6 109.2 : Ratio (received/paid) ...........: (NA) (NA) (NA) 81 81 82 Parity ratio 4/ .................: 31 31 31 (NA) (NA) (NA) Parity ratio adjusted 5/ ........: 33 32 32 (NA) (NA) (NA) PPITW adjusted for : productivity 6/ ...............: 1684 1704 1703 (NA) (NA) (NA) : Crop sector (PPITW) .............: (NA) (NA) (NA) 111.8 110.7 110.6 Livestock sector (PPITW) ........: (NA) (NA) (NA) 109.4 109.9 109.4 : Farm sector (production) ........: (NA) (NA) (NA) 106.4 106.6 105.5 Non-farm sector (production) ....: (NA) (NA) (NA) 108.2 106.3 106.1 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Interest per acre on farm real estate debt and interest rate on farm non-real estate debt. 2/ Farm real estate taxes payable per acre. 3/ Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Price Index for all urban consumers (CPI-U), converted by the USDA. 4/ Ratio of index of prices received to PPITW (1910-1914=100). 5/ Based on estimated cash receipts, from marketings and government payments, the preliminary adjustment factor is updated annually. 6/ PPITW is adjusted based on productivity trend for the prior 15 years. Prices Paid Indexes and Annual Weights for Input Components and Sub-components - United States: February 2020 with Comparisons [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov. Relative weights are a five year moving average] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Relative weights : Indexes (2011=100) :------------------------------------------------------- Index Group : : :February : January :February : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 : 2020 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : Production items ............: 73.2 72.9 107.5 106.4 105.9 : Feed ......................: 12.8 13.3 102.1 102.5 102.1 Feed grains .............: 1.8 1.9 60.7 63.3 63.1 Complete feeds ..........: 6.3 6.5 106.0 109.0 108.6 Hay and forages .........: 1.6 1.7 112.4 103.1 103.7 Concentrates ............: 2.0 2.1 113.1 111.8 111.4 Supplements .............: 1.1 1.1 114.3 113.7 110.7 Livestock and poultry .....: 8.8 9.2 105.4 107.3 104.8 Feeder cattle ...........: 6.8 7.2 105.8 107.8 105.6 Feeder pigs .............: 0.7 0.7 121.4 114.3 103.6 Milk cow replacements ...: 0.7 0.7 80.3 91.5 91.5 Poultry .................: 0.5 0.6 113.1 113.1 113.1 : Seeds .....................: 5.4 5.1 118.2 115.6 115.6 Field crops .............: 4.9 4.6 116.9 114.0 114.0 Grasses and legumes .....: 0.5 0.5 131.0 131.8 131.8 Fertilizer ................: 5.0 5.1 70.6 60.2 60.6 Mixed fertilizer ........: 2.2 2.2 71.4 65.9 65.2 Nitrogen ................: 2.1 2.1 71.6 58.4 60.2 Potash and phosphate ....: 0.7 0.7 64.9 47.6 47.5 Chemicals .................: 3.6 3.5 102.9 96.5 96.5 Herbicides ..............: 2.2 2.2 103.5 97.0 97.0 Insecticides ............: 0.8 0.8 103.1 96.5 96.5 Fungicides and other ....: 0.5 0.5 100.0 93.9 93.9 : Fuels .....................: 2.8 3.2 68.4 66.7 63.6 Diesel ..................: 1.8 2.0 68.3 70.1 66.9 Gasoline ................: 0.6 0.7 64.6 71.9 69.1 LP gas ..................: 0.5 0.5 73.5 47.6 44.2 Supplies and repairs ......: 4.6 4.6 114.2 115.3 115.5 Supplies ................: 1.5 1.5 114.8 116.4 116.4 Repairs .................: 3.1 3.0 113.9 114.7 115.0 Autos and trucks ..........: 1.3 1.2 106.2 106.2 106.6 Autos ...................: 0.2 0.2 100.6 100.8 101.4 Trucks ..................: 1.1 1.1 107.0 107.0 107.3 : Machinery .................: 5.3 4.7 125.0 128.9 128.5 Tractors ................: 1.2 1.0 109.9 109.3 109.3 Self-propelled ..........: 2.1 1.9 130.7 139.4 138.3 Other machinery .........: 2.0 1.8 127.7 129.3 129.2 Building materials ........: 4.1 4.0 118.2 118.4 118.7 Services ..................: 11.7 11.9 116.6 116.2 116.0 Custom rates ............: 1.2 1.2 118.4 118.4 118.4 Other services ..........: 10.5 10.7 116.4 116.0 115.8 Rent ......................: 7.8 7.1 116.5 117.8 117.8 Cash ....................: 4.2 3.8 123.3 124.7 124.7 Share ...................: 3.6 3.3 108.6 109.7 109.7 : Interest ....................: 2.6 2.6 115.3 118.1 118.1 Taxes .......................: 3.2 3.1 117.9 119.5 119.5 Wage rates ..................: 7.2 7.4 133.7 134.2 134.2 Family living-CPI ...........: 13.9 14.0 112.4 114.7 115.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Feed Price Ratios - United States: February 2020 with Comparisons ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Feed price ratio 1/ :February 2019 : January 2020 :February 2020 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Broiler-feed: pounds of broiler grower feed equal : in value to 1 pound of broiler, live weight 2/ ......: 5.1 4.8 4.2 : Market egg feed: pounds of laying feed equal in : value to 1 dozen eggs 3/ ............................: 8.4 5.6 7.4 : Hog-corn: bushels of corn equal in value to : 100 pounds of hog, live weight ......................: 12.1 12.6 12.0 : Milk-feed: pounds of 16% mixed dairy feed equal : in value to 1 pound of whole milk 4/ ................: 2.07 2.41 2.34 : Steer & heifer-corn: bushels of corn equal : in value to 100 pounds of steer & heifers, : live weight .......................................: 35.0 33.0 32.3 : Turkey-feed: pounds of turkey grower equal in : value to 1 pound of turkey, live weight 5/ ..........: 5.8 6.7 7.0 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Effective January 1995, prices of commercial prepared feeds are based on current United States prices received for corn, soybeans, alfalfa hay, and all wheat. 2/ The price of commercial prepared broiler feed is based on current United States prices received for corn and soybeans. The modeled feed uses 58 percent corn and 42 percent soybeans. 3/ The price of commercial prepared layer feed is based on current United States prices received for corn and soybeans. The modeled feed uses 75 percent corn and 25 percent soybeans. 4/ The price of commercial prepared dairy feed is based on current United States prices received for corn, soybeans, and alfalfa. The modeled feed uses 51 percent corn, 8 percent soybeans, and 41 percent alfalfa. 5/ The price of commercial prepared turkey feed is based on current United States prices received for corn, soybeans, and wheat. The modeled feed uses 51 percent corn, 28 percent soybeans, and 21 percent wheat. Prices Received Used to Calculate Feed Price Ratios - United States: February 2020 with Comparisons [Price data source for livestock and poultry commodities is United States Department of Agriculture's Agriculture Marketing Service] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Item :February 2019 : January 2020 :February 2020 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars : Broilers, live ................pound: 0.490 0.490 0.420 Eggs, market ..................dozen: 0.700 0.487 0.640 : Hogs, all .......................cwt: 43.40 47.80 45.50 Milk, all .......................cwt: 16.80 19.60 18.90 : Steers and heifers ..............cwt: 126.00 125.00 122.00 Turkeys, live .................pound: 0.528 0.625 0.644 : Corn .........................bushel: 3.60 3.79 3.78 Hay, alfalfa ....................ton: 180.00 171.00 171.00 : Soybeans .....................bushel: 8.52 8.84 8.59 Wheat, all ...................bushel: 5.33 4.87 4.88 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Paid for Feeder Livestock - United States: February 2020 with Comparisons [Price data source is United States Department of Agriculture's Agriculture Marketing Service] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Item :February 2019 : January 2020 :February 2020 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars : Feeder cattle & calves ..........cwt: 145.00 148.00 145.00 Feeder pigs .....................cwt: 170.00 160.00 145.00 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Reliability of Prices Paid Estimates Definition: Prices paid by farmers represent the average costs of inputs purchased by farmers and ranchers to produce agricultural commodities. Conceptually, the average price when multiplied by quantity purchased should equal total producer expenditures for the item. Survey procedures: The prices paid data are obtained from establishments that sell goods and services to farmers and ranchers. Annually, about 8,500 firms are randomly selected from lists by type of item sold with an average response rate in the range of 75-80 percent. Firms are asked to report the price for the specified item "most commonly bought by farmers" or that was the "volume seller". Approximately 135 items are surveyed each March to represent all production input items purchased. The survey reference period for most items is the five business days centered at the 15th of the month. Separate prices paid surveys are conducted for agricultural chemicals, fuels, feed, fertilizer, machinery, and seed. Summary and estimation procedures: The annual March Prices Paid Survey is summarized as a non-probability survey. Average prices reported are aggregated to the region and United States level using weights available from expenditure data and other administrative sources. Price recommendations are prepared by the Regional Field Offices and Headquarters for review by the Agricultural Statistics Board in Washington, D.C. Also, the change in price level for individual items surveyed are combined to the regional and United States levels, and are published as prices paid indexes referenced to a specific base period. Prices paid indexes for new autos and trucks, building materials, farm supplies, motor supplies, and marketing containers are updated based on price changes measured in selected Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) indexes. Revisions: Any revisions are published in the monthly and in annual issues of Agricultural Prices. The basis for revision must be supported by additional data that directly affect the level of the estimate. More revisions are likely for March when separate prices paid surveys are conducted, in lieu of BLS indexes, by the USDA to measure price change. Reliability: Current methods of summarization for the March data are not designed directly to calculate sampling errors. However, analytical measures approximate the United States relative sampling errors for major items around 10 percent. Any non-sampling errors are attributed to such things as the inability to obtain correct information, differences in interpreting questions or definitions, mistakes in coding or processing the data, etc. Efforts are made at each step in the survey process to minimize these non- sampling errors. Program change: Effective January 2014, the National Agricultural Statistics Service modified the five-year moving weights and updated the base reference period. In January 2015, publication of preliminary prices was suspended, and the annual average index was replaced by an annual index. As of January 2014, the 1990-1992 base reference period was updated to 2011. Five-year moving average weights are adjusted (normalized) to minimize the effects of price changes. The 1910-1914=100 price indexes, required by statute for computing parity prices, were linked forward based on the changes in the new 2011=100 indexes. The new indexes were constructed by multiplying the ratios of the current prices to the base period prices by the moving average weights. Modifications implemented January 2015 discontinued preliminary prices and replaced the annual average index with an annual index. The April 2015 program update discontinued publication of the annual March survey prices paid data. The February 2016 program update changed the rounding of the 2011 base period indexes to nearest tenth of a percent. The 1910-1914 base period indexes remain rounded to the nearest whole number. See Price Program Links at end of this report for program change details. Information Contacts General Jody McDaniel, Chief, Environmental, Economics, and Demographics Branch.................................. (202) 720-6146 Crop Prices Received Lance Honig, Chief, Crops Branch ........................................................................ (202) 720-2127 Chris Hawthorn, Head, Field Crops Section................................................................ (202) 720-2127 Chris Hawthorn - Corn, Flaxseed, Proso Millet.......................................................... (202) 720-2127 James Johanson - County Estimates, Hay................................................................. (202) 690-8533 Jeff Lemmons - Oats, Soybeans.......................................................................... (202) 690-3234 Chris Hawthorn - Peanuts, Rice......................................................................... (202) 720-2127 Irwin Anolik - Crop Weather............................................................................ (202) 720-7621 Jean Porter - Rye, Wheat............................................................................... (202) 720-8068 Chris Singh - Cotton, Cotton Ginnings, Sorghum......................................................... (202) 720-5944 Travis Thorson - Canola, Mustard Seed, Rapeseed, Safflower, Sunflower, Barley.......................... (202) 720-7369 Jorge Garcia-Pratts, Head, Fruits, Vegetables, and Special Crops Section................................. (202) 720-2127 Joshua Bates - Almonds, Apples, Apricots, Asparagus, Carrots, Coffee, Onions, Plums, Prunes, Sweet Corn, Tobacco.......................................................................... (202) 720-4288 Fleming Gibson - Cauliflower, Celery, Grapefruit, Lemons, Macadamia, Mandarins and tangerines, Mushrooms, Olives, Oranges................................................. ....... (202) 720-5412 Greg Lemmons -Cranberries, Cucumbers, Pistachios, Potatoes, Pumpkins, Raspberries, Squash, Strawberries, Sugarbeets, Sugarcane, Sweet Potatoes, Tame Blueberries, Wild Blueberries........................................................................................... ........ (202) 720-4285 Dan Norris - Artichokes, Cantaloupes, Dry Edible Peas, Green Peas, Lentils, Nectarines, Papayas, Peaches, Snap Beans, Spinach, Walnuts, Watermelon ........................... (202) 720-3250 Krishna Rizal - Dry beans, Garlic, Hazelnuts, Honeydews, Kiwifruit, Lettuce, Maple Syrup, Mint, Pears, Sweet Cherries, Tart Cherries, Tomatoes................................................. (202) 720-2157 Dawn Smoker - Avocados, Bell Peppers, Broccoli, Cabbage, Chickpeas, Chile Peppers, Dates, Floriculture, Grapes, Hops, Pecans................................................................. ....... (202) 720-4215 Livestock Prices Received Travis Averill, Chief, Livestock Branch.................................................................. (202) 692-0069 Scott Hollis, Head, Livestock Section.................................................................... (202) 690-2424 Holly Brenize - Sheep and Goats........................................................................ (202) 720-0585 Heidi Lanouette - Cattle and Cattle on Feed............................................................ (202) 720-3040 Mike Miller - Milk, Milk Cows.......................................................................... (202) 720-3278 Seth Riggins - Hogs and Pigs........................................................................... (202) 720-3106 Tony Dorn, Head, Poultry and Specialty Commodities Section............................................... (202) 690-3223 Fatema Haque - Turkeys................................................................................. (202) 720-3244 Kim Linonis - Eggs..................................................................................... (202) 690-3676 Adam Peters - Honey.................................................................................... (202) 690-3237 Takiyah Walker - Broilers.............................................................................. (202) 720-6147 Indexes, Prices Paid, and Parity Prices Jody McDaniel, Chief, Environmental, Economics, and Demographics Branch.................................. (202) 720-6146 Bruce Boess, Head, Economics Section..................................................................... (202) 720-4447 Kuan Chen - Prices Received Indexes, Parity Prices, Prices Paid Indexes, Prices Paid for Feed, Fertilizer, Chemicals, Seeds, Fuels, Farm Supplies and Repairs, Farm Machinery, Feeder Livestock, Poultry Chicks, Feed Price Ratios.................................................................... (202) 690-3347 John Stephens- Prices Received Indexes, Parity Prices............................................... (202) 720-8844 Access to NASS Reports For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways: All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: www.nass.usda.gov Both national and state specific reports are available via a free e- mail subscription. To set-up this free subscription, visit www.nass.usda.gov and click on "National" or "State" in upper right corner above "search" box to create an account and select the reports you would like to receive. Cornell's Mann Library has launched a new website housing NASS's and other agency's archived reports. The new website, https://usda.library.cornell.edu. All email subscriptions containing reports will be sent from the new website, https://usda.library.cornell.edu. To continue receiving the reports via e-mail, you will have to go to the new website, create a new account and re-subscribe to the reports. If you need instructions to set up an account or subscribe, they are located at: https://usda.library.cornell.edu/help. You should whitelist notifications@usda-esmis.library.cornell.edu in your email client to avoid the emails going into spam/junk folders. For more information on NASS surveys and reports, call the NASS Agricultural Statistics Hotline at (800) 727-9540, 7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET, or e-mail: nass@usda.gov. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination against its customers, employees, and applicants for employment on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, sex, gender identity, religion, reprisal, and where applicable, political beliefs, marital status, familial or parental status, sexual orientation, or all or part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program, or protected genetic information in employment or in any program or activity conducted or funded by the Department. (Not all prohibited bases will apply to all programs and/or employment activities.) If you wish to file a Civil Rights program complaint of discrimination, complete the USDA Program Discrimination Complaint Form (PDF), found online at www.ascr.usda.gov/filing-program-discrimination-complaint-usda-customer, or at any USDA office, or call (866) 632-9992 to request the form. You may also write a letter containing all of the information requested in the form. Send your completed complaint form or letter to us by mail at U.S. Department of Agriculture, Director, Office of Adjudication, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410, by fax (202) 690-7442 or email at program.intake@usda.gov. Price Program Links Economics and Prices http://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_Subject/Economics_and_Prices/index.php January 2014 Price Program Update http://www.nass.usda.gov/Surveys/Guide_to_NASS_Surveys/Prices/updates.pdf January 2015 Price Program Update http://www.nass.usda.gov/Surveys/Guide_to_NASS_Surveys/Prices/update2015.pdf April 2015 Price Program Update http://www.nass.usda.gov/Surveys/Guide_to_NASS_Surveys/Prices/updateApr2015.p df February 2016 Price Program Update http://www.nass.usda.gov/Surveys/Guide_to_NASS_Surveys/Prices/updateFeb2016.p df