Agricultural Prices ISSN: 1937-4216 Released October 30, 2018, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). September Prices Received Index Decreased 1.5 Percent The September Prices Received Index (Agricultural Production), at 88.2, decreased 1.5 percent from August 2018. At 88.1, the Crop Production Index decreased 2.0 percent. The Livestock Production Index, at 88.3, decreased 1.1 percent. Producers received lower prices for broilers, market eggs, cattle, and grapes but higher prices for milk, apples, strawberries, and sweet corn. Compared with a year earlier, the Prices Received Index is down 4.6 percent. The Crop Production Index decreased 2.0 percent and the Livestock Production Index decreased 6.9 percent. In addition to prices, the indexes are influenced by the volume change of commodities producers market. Decreased marketing of cattle, wheat, cotton, and peaches offset the increased monthly movement of soybeans, corn, apples, and dry beans. The Food Commodities Index, at 90.6, decreased 1.5 percent from the previous month and 6.9 percent from September 2017. September Prices Paid Index Down 0.2 Percent The September Prices Paid Index for Commodities and Services, Interest, Taxes, and Farm Wage Rates (PPITW), at 108.5, is down 0.2 percent from August 2018 but up 2.3 percent from September 2017. Lower prices in September for concentrates, complete feeds, herbicides, and insecticides more than offset higher prices for feeder cattle, feeder pigs, LP gas, and hay and forages. Prices Received, Prices Paid, and Ratio of Prices Received to Prices Paid Indexes 2011 Base - United States: September 2018 with Comparisons ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : September : August : September Index Group : 2017 : 2018 : 2018 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : percent percent percent : : Prices received by farmers ...............: 92.5 89.5 88.2 : Prices paid by farmers ...................: 106.1 108.7 108.5 : Ratio of prices received to prices paid ..: 88 83 81 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ - Represents zero. (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Contents Prices Received by Farmers................................................................................... 4 Prices Received Indexes, 2011 Base - United States: September 2018 with Comparisons.......................... 5 Prices Received Indexes, 1910-1914 Base - United States: September 2018 with Comparisons..................... 5 Prices Received Indexes, 2011 Base by Month for Selected Groups - United States: 2017 and 2018............... 5 Prices Paid Indexes, 2011 Base by Month for Selected Groups - United States: 2017 and 2018................... 6 Prices Received for Field Crops and Fruits - United States: September 2018 with Comparisons.................. 7 Prices Received for Vegetables and Livestock - United States: September 2018 with Comparisons................ 8 Prices Received for All Wheat, Corn, and Soybeans by Month - United States: 2018 with Comparisons............ 9 Prices Received for Beef Cattle and All Hogs by Month - United States: 2018 with Comparisons................. 9 Prices Received for All Wheat - States and United States: September 2018 with Comparisons.................... 10 Prices Received for Winter Wheat - States and United States: September 2018 with Comparisons................. 10 Prices Received for Durum Wheat - States and United States: September 2018 with Comparisons.................. 11 Prices Received for Spring Wheat - States and United States: September 2018 with Comparisons................. 11 Prices Received for Oats - States and United States: September 2018 with Comparisons......................... 11 Prices Received for All Barley - States and United States: September 2018 with Comparisons................... 12 Prices Received for Malting Barley - States and United States: September 2018 with Comparisons............... 12 Prices Received for Feed Barley - States and United States: September 2018 with Comparisons.................. 12 Prices Received for Sorghum Grain - States and United States: September 2018 with Comparisons................ 14 Prices Received for Corn - States and United States: September 2018 with Comparisons......................... 13 Prices Received for Soybeans - States and United States: September 2018 with Comparisons..................... 14 Prices Received for Dry Beans - States and United States: September 2018 with Comparisons.................... 14 Prices Received for Peanuts (in shell) - States and United States: September 2018 with Comparisons........... 15 Prices Received for Sunflower - States and United States: September 2018 with Comparisons.................... 15 Prices Received for Canola - States and United States: September 2018 with Comparisons....................... 15 Prices Received for Flaxseed - States and United States: September 2018 with Comparisons..................... 15 Prices Received for Upland Cotton and Cottonseed - States and United States: September 2018 with Comparisons.......................................................................................... 16 Prices Received and Marketings for Upland Cotton and Rice - United States: September 2018 with Comparisons.......................................................................................... 16 Prices Received for Hay by Type - States and United States: September 2018 with Comparisons.................. 17 Prices Received for Apples - States and United States: September 2018 with Comparisons....................... 18 Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization - States and United States: September 2017.................. 18 Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization - States and United States: August 2018..................... 19 Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization - States and United States: September 2018.................. 20 Prices Received for All Milk - States and United States: September 2018 with Comparisons..................... 21 Prices Received for Milk Cows - States and United States: October 2018 with Comparisons...................... 21 Parity Price Overview........................................................................................ 22 Commodity Parity Prices and Price as Percent of Parity Price - United States: September 2018 with Comparisons.......................................................................................... 23 Commodity Parity Prices - United States: September 2018 with Comparisons..................................... 24 Commodity Parity Prices - United States: September 2018 with Comparisons (continued)......................... 25 Marketing Year for Specified Commodities..................................................................... 26 Cotton and Cottonseed Market Year Average Prices Received - States and United States: Marketing Years 2016 and 2017............................................................................................. 26 Upland Cotton Prices Received by Month - States and United States: Marketing Years 2016-2017 and 2017-2018............................................................................................. 27 Cottonseed Prices Received by Month - States and United States: Marketing Year 2017-2018..................... 28 Upland Cotton Marketings by Month - Marketing Years 2016-2017 and 2017-2018.................................. 28 Upland Cotton Marketing Percentages by Month - States and United States: Marketing Years 2016-2017 and 2017-2018............................................................................................. 29 All Rice Prices Received and Marketing Percentages by Month - United States: Marketing Years 2015-2016 through 2017-2018......................................................................................... 30 Long Grain Rice Prices Received and Marketing Percentages by Month - United States: Marketing Years 2015-2016 through 2017-2018............................................................................... 30 Medium and Short Grain Rice Prices Received and Marketing Percentages by Month - United States: Marketing Years 2015-2016 through 2017-2018......................................................................... 31 Medium and Short Grain Rice Prices Received by Month - California and Other States: Marketing Years 2016-2017 through 2017-2018............................................................................... 31 Reliability of Prices Received Estimates..................................................................... 32 Prices Paid by Farmers....................................................................................... 33 Prices Paid Indexes and Related Parity Ratios - United States: September 2018 with Comparisons............... 34 Prices Paid Indexes and Annual Weights for Input Components and Sub-components - United States: September 2018 with Comparisons........................................................................... 35 Feed Price Ratios - United States: September 2018 with Comparisons........................................... 36 Prices Received Used to Calculate Feed Price Ratios - United States: September 2018 with Comparisons......... 36 Prices Paid for Feeder Livestock - United States: September 2018 with Comparisons............................ 36 Reliability of Prices Paid Estimates......................................................................... 37 Information Contacts......................................................................................... 38 September Prices Received by Farmers The September Prices Received Index for agricultural production is 88.2 percent of its 2011 base, down 1.5 percent from the August 2018 index and 4.6 percent from the September 2017 index. Crop production: The September index, at 88.1, is 2.0 percent lower than August and September 2017. The vegetable & melon and grain & oilseed index decreases more than offset the other crop and fruit & tree nut index increases. Grain and oilseed: The September index, at 64.9, is down 0.6 percent from August but up 0.8 percent from September 2017. Feed grain and food grain index decreases more than offset the oilseed index increase. Feed grain: The September index, at 57.4, decreased 1.4 percent from last month but increased 3.4 percent from a year ago. The corn price, at $3.39 per bushel, is up 3 cents from last month and 12 cents from September 2017. At $6.09 per cwt, sorghum grain is 39 cents below August but 29 cents above September a year earlier. Food grain: At 73.3, the index for September is down 2.0 percent from the previous month but up 7.5 percent from a year ago. The September price for all wheat, at $5.15 per bushel, is 15 cents lower than August but 50 cents higher than September 2017. Oilseed: At 70.5, the index for September increased 0.6 percent from August but decreased 6.3 percent from September 2017. The soybean price, at $8.77 per bushel, 18 cents higher than August but 58 cents lower than September a year earlier. Fruit and tree nut: The September index, at 131.0, is up 1.1 percent from August but down 4.3 percent from a year earlier. September price increases for apples, strawberries, and oranges offset price decreases for grapes and peaches. Vegetable and melon: At 90.7, the index for September decreased 2.6 percent from the previous month and 14 percent from September 2017. Price decreases during September for onions, lettuce, potatoes, and broccoli more than offset price increases for sweet corn, cantaloupes, cauliflower, and celery. Other crop: The September index, at 96.8, is up 5.2 percent from the previous month and 12 percent from September 2017. The all hay price, at $163.00 per ton, is $2.00 higher than August and $26.00 higher than September 2017. At 71.0 cents per pound, the price for upland cotton is 1.3 cents higher than August and 6.9 cents higher than September 2017. Livestock production: The index for September, at 88.3, decreased 1.1 percent from the previous month and 6.9 percent from September a year earlier. Prices for broilers, market eggs, milk, hogs, turkeys, calves, and lambs are all lower than a year earlier, while prices are higher for cattle compared to a year ago. Meat animal: At 88.7, the September index is down 2.0 percent from the previous month and 1.4 percent from a year earlier. At $43.20 per cwt, the September hog price is $1.10 lower than August and $5.70 lower than a year earlier. The September beef cattle price of $108.00 per cwt is $2.00 lower than the previous month but $3.00 higher than September 2017. Dairy: The index for September, at 83.1, is up 5.1 percent from the previous month but down 6.7 percent from September a year ago. The September all milk price of $16.70 per cwt is 80 cents higher than August but $1.20 lower than September 2017. Poultry and egg: At 96.8, the September index is decreased 7.0 percent from August and 12 percent from September 2017. The September market egg price, at 71.2 cents per dozen, is 18.0 cents lower than August and 18.9 cents lower than September 2017. The September broiler price, at 46.0 cents per pound, is down 3.0 cents from August and 5.0 cents from a year ago. At 53.1 cents per pound, the September turkey price is 1.4 cents higher than the previous month but 9.2 cents lower than September 2017. Prices Received Indexes, 2011 Base - United States: September 2018 with Comparisons [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] -------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2011 Base :----------------------------------- : September : August : September Index Group : 2017 : 2018 : 2018 -------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : Agricultural production ........: 92.5 89.5 88.2 Crop production ..............: 89.9 89.9 88.1 Grain and oilseed ..........: 64.4 65.3 64.9 Feed grain ...............: 55.5 58.2 57.4 Food grain ...............: 68.2 74.8 73.3 Oilseed ..................: 75.2 70.1 70.5 Fruit and tree nut .........: 136.9 129.6 131.0 Vegetable and melon ........: 106.0 93.1 90.7 Other crop .................: 86.8 92.0 96.8 : Livestock production .........: 94.8 89.3 88.3 Meat animal ................: 90.0 90.5 88.7 Cattle ...................: 94.0 96.5 95.7 Hog ......................: 73.5 66.6 65.0 Dairy ......................: 89.1 79.1 83.1 Poultry and egg ............: 109.4 104.1 96.8 : Food commodity .................: 97.3 92.0 90.6 -------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received Indexes, 1910-1914 Base - United States: September 2018 with Comparisons [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] -------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1910 - 1914 Base :----------------------------------- : September : August : September Index Group : 2017 : 2018 : 2018 -------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : Agricultural production ........: 955 924 910 Crop production ..............: 784 784 768 Livestock production .........: 1101 1037 1025 -------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received Indexes, 2011 Base by Month for Selected Groups - United States: 2017 and 2018 [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2011 Base :--------------------------------------------------------------- Month : Agricultural : Crop : Livestock : Food : production : production : production : commodities :--------------------------------------------------------------- : 2017 : 2018 : 2017 : 2018 : 2017 : 2018 : 2017 : 2018 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent percent percent -- percent -- : January .......: 86.0 86.1 77.3 78.6 96.5 94.5 93.4 92.8 February ......: 91.1 91.1 85.1 86.9 96.0 94.2 96.3 95.5 March .........: 94.3 95.1 86.1 88.0 100.5 99.8 100.0 100.0 April .........: 96.2 92.9 91.7 88.4 99.5 95.8 101.4 96.2 May ...........: 99.7 94.8 90.0 89.1 106.8 98.3 105.8 98.2 June ..........: 98.2 95.1 87.1 90.3 107.2 98.5 104.2 98.9 July ..........: 95.5 91.5 86.8 86.8 103.9 95.4 100.9 94.9 August ........: 94.1 89.5 88.8 89.9 98.5 89.3 99.0 92.0 September .....: 92.5 88.2 89.9 88.1 94.8 88.3 97.3 90.6 October .......: 87.8 82.7 94.3 93.7 November ......: 91.4 81.9 101.8 100.7 December ......: 92.1 84.7 99.6 99.5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Paid Indexes, 2011 Base by Month for Selected Groups - United States: 2017 and 2018 [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2011 Base :--------------------------------------------------------------- Month : All items : : Crop : Livestock : (PPITW) : Production : sector : sector :--------------------------------------------------------------- : 2017 : 2018 : 2017 : 2018 : 2017 : 2018 : 2017 : 2018 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -- percent -- -- percent -- -- percent -- -- percent -- : January .......: 106.0 108.2 103.8 105.4 107.8 109.5 104.1 106.8 February ......: 106.5 109.0 104.4 106.3 108.4 109.7 104.4 108.1 March .........: 106.6 109.0 104.6 106.3 108.4 109.9 104.8 108.0 April .........: 106.8 108.7 104.9 106.1 108.5 109.7 105.1 107.5 May ...........: 106.8 109.0 104.9 106.5 108.2 110.0 105.4 108.0 June ..........: 106.7 108.9 104.7 106.3 108.2 110.0 105.1 107.5 July ..........: 106.5 108.7 104.5 106.1 107.9 110.1 105.0 107.2 August ........: 105.7 108.7 103.4 106.0 107.6 110.1 103.8 107.1 September .....: 106.1 108.5 103.8 105.7 107.8 110.1 104.4 106.7 October .......: 106.8 104.6 108.0 105.6 November ......: 107.1 105.0 108.3 105.9 December ......: 107.4 105.4 108.5 106.2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received for Field Crops and Fruits - United States: September 2018 with Comparisons ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 2011 : : : Commodity : Base Price :September 2017: August 2018 :September 2018 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Field crops : Austrian winter peas .........dollars/cwt: 19.50 (D) (D) (D) Barley, all ...............dollars/bushel: 4.79 4.32 4.53 4.49 Feed .....................dollars/bushel: 4.59 2.62 3.11 3.15 Malting ..................dollars/bushel: 4.83 4.64 4.68 4.75 Beans, dry edible ............dollars/cwt: 34.60 27.10 26.30 25.70 Canola .......................dollars/cwt: 23.10 17.30 15.30 15.20 Chickpeas, all ...............dollars/cwt: 35.70 31.20 33.50 23.10 Large .......................dollars/cwt: 39.20 34.50 36.30 23.00 Small .......................dollars/cwt: 23.40 27.90 25.70 23.20 Corn ......................dollars/bushel: 6.02 3.27 3.36 3.39 : Cotton, Upland .............dollars/pound: 0.880 0.641 0.697 0.710 Cottonseed ...................dollars/ton: 131.00 127.00 134.00 141.00 Flaxseed ..................dollars/bushel: 14.20 9.55 10.20 9.79 Hay, all, baled ..............dollars/ton: 159.00 137.00 161.00 163.00 Alfalfa .....................dollars/ton: 176.00 149.00 177.00 180.00 Other .......................dollars/ton: 119.00 114.00 130.00 130.00 Lentils ......................dollars/cwt: 27.50 25.90 18.00 23.00 Oats ......................dollars/bushel: 3.42 2.56 2.47 2.62 Peanuts, in-shell ..........dollars/pound: 0.252 0.230 0.220 0.222 Peas, dry edible .............dollars/cwt: 13.60 12.90 10.10 11.30 : Rice, all ....................dollars/cwt: 13.70 11.50 13.90 12.20 Long ........................dollars/cwt: 12.30 11.00 11.90 11.40 Medium and short ............dollars/cwt: 18.40 13.60 18.20 16.50 Sorghum grain ................dollars/cwt: 10.70 5.80 6.48 6.09 Soybeans ..................dollars/bushel: 12.50 9.35 8.59 8.77 Sunflowers, all ..............dollars/cwt: 29.00 17.40 16.90 16.70 : Wheat, all ................dollars/bushel: 7.44 4.65 5.30 5.15 Winter ...................dollars/bushel: 6.93 4.11 5.23 5.14 Durum ....................dollars/bushel: 9.22 6.31 5.05 5.00 Other spring .............dollars/bushel: 8.33 5.62 5.40 5.16 Hard red winter ..........dollars/bushel: 7.07 3.82 5.24 5.10 Soft red winter ..........dollars/bushel: 6.77 4.33 5.15 4.79 Hard red spring ..........dollars/bushel: 8.38 5.75 5.43 5.16 White ....................dollars/bushel: 6.58 4.55 5.23 5.21 : Fruits : Citrus, equivalent on-tree : Grapefruit ..................dollars/box: 7.47 14.66 9.57 14.82 Lemons ......................dollars/box: 12.30 29.58 53.01 53.26 Oranges .....................dollars/box: 8.16 20.52 17.78 21.18 : Non-citrus, fresh : Apples 1/ .................dollars/pound: 0.325 0.591 0.297 0.467 Grapes 1/ ...................dollars/ton: 628.00 1,500.00 1,310.00 1,210.00 Peaches 1/ ..................dollars/ton: 507.00 1,310.00 1,110.00 918.00 Pears 1/ ....................dollars/ton: 559.00 829.00 688.00 660.00 Strawberries ................dollars/cwt: 104.00 109.00 50.50 84.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. 1/ Equivalent packinghouse-door returns for California, Michigan, New York (apples only), Pennsylvania (apples only), and Washington (apples, peaches, and pears). Prices as sold for other states. Prices Received for Vegetables and Livestock - United States: September 2018 with Comparisons [Price data source for potato, livestock, and poultry commodities is United States Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Marketing Service] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 2011 : : : Commodity : Base Price :September 2017: August 2018 :September 2018 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Vegetables, fresh 1/ : Asparagus ....................dollars/cwt: 37.50 (NA) (S) (S) Beans, snap ..................dollars/cwt: 69.00 64.70 (S) (S) Broccoli .....................dollars/cwt: 41.60 82.10 53.90 51.40 Cantaloupes ..................dollars/cwt: 16.50 24.10 16.90 20.00 Carrots ......................dollars/cwt: 30.80 30.80 25.80 26.30 Cauliflower ..................dollars/cwt: 47.00 49.90 39.80 45.30 Celery .......................dollars/cwt: 22.50 17.30 16.80 18.60 Corn, sweet ..................dollars/cwt: 30.70 21.30 24.40 30.50 Cucumbers ....................dollars/cwt: 18.70 17.50 17.80 19.10 Lettuce ......................dollars/cwt: 24.30 31.70 27.80 25.90 Onions 2/ ....................dollars/cwt: 11.90 16.40 15.20 11.20 Potatoes .....................dollars/cwt: 14.30 13.86 11.20 9.44 Tomatoes .....................dollars/cwt: 51.20 37.20 29.90 29.00 : Livestock : Calves .......................dollars/cwt: 142.00 173.00 160.00 169.00 Cattle, all beef .............dollars/cwt: 115.00 105.00 110.00 108.00 Cows 3/ .....................dollars/cwt: 71.60 69.90 63.00 60.80 Steers and heifers ..........dollars/cwt: 117.00 107.00 112.00 110.00 Milk cows 4/ ................dollars/head: 1,420.00 (NA) (NA) (NA) Hogs, all ....................dollars/cwt: 66.50 48.90 44.30 43.20 Barrows and gilts ...........dollars/cwt: 66.80 49.00 44.70 43.70 Sows ........................dollars/cwt: 57.90 45.50 34.00 28.60 : Dairy and poultry : Milk, all 5/ .................dollars/cwt: 20.10 17.90 15.90 16.70 Fat test ........................percent: 3.71 3.81 3.74 3.81 Broilers, live 6/ ..........dollars/pound: 0.459 0.510 0.490 0.460 Eggs, all 7/ ...............dollars/dozen: 0.969 1.09 1.09 0.936 Market 7/ 8/ ..............dollars/dozen: 0.796 0.901 0.892 0.712 Turkeys, live 9/ ...........dollars/pound: 0.680 0.623 0.517 0.531 : Adjusted for seasonal variation : Eggs, all ..................dollars/dozen: 0.979 1.08 1.01 0.915 Seasonal factor .................percent: 101 101 108 102 Milk, all ....................dollars/cwt: 20.20 17.00 15.80 15.90 Seasonal factor .................percent: 100 105 101 105 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1/ Point of first sale. 2/ Includes some processing. 3/ Beef cows and cull dairy cows sold for slaughter. 4/ Animals sold for dairy herd replacement only. Prices available for January, April, July, and October. 5/ Before deductions for hauling. Includes quality, quantity, and other premiums. Excludes hauling subsidies. 6/ Live weight equivalent price. 7/ Mid-month price. 8/ Also referred to as table eggs. 9/ Live weight equivalent price is used when actual live weight price is not available. Beginning January 2011, price reflects FOB shipping point basis. Prior year price reflects delivered basis. Prices Received for All Wheat, Corn, and Soybeans by Month - United States: 2018 with Comparisons [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : All wheat : Corn : Soybeans Month :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2016 : 2017 : 2018 : 2016 : 2017 : 2018 : 2016 : 2017 : 2018 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : dollars per bushel : January ....: 4.82 4.01 4.65 3.66 3.40 3.29 8.71 9.71 9.30 February ...: 4.61 4.16 4.92 3.58 3.44 3.38 8.51 9.86 9.50 March ......: 4.40 4.37 5.10 3.56 3.49 3.51 8.56 9.69 9.81 April ......: 4.46 4.16 5.28 3.56 3.43 3.58 9.01 9.33 9.85 May ........: 4.45 4.05 5.39 3.68 3.45 3.68 9.76 9.29 9.84 June .......: 4.20 4.37 5.17 3.82 3.43 3.58 10.20 9.10 9.55 July .......: 3.75 4.77 5.00 3.60 3.49 3.47 10.20 9.42 9.08 August .....: 3.68 4.84 5.30 3.21 3.27 3.36 9.93 9.24 8.59 September ..: 3.48 4.65 5.15 3.22 3.27 3.39 9.41 9.35 8.77 October ....: 3.68 4.64 3.29 3.26 9.30 9.18 November ...: 3.88 4.72 3.24 3.15 9.47 9.22 December ...: 3.90 4.50 3.32 3.23 9.64 9.30 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Prices Received for Beef Cattle and All Hogs by Month - United States: 2018 with Comparisons [Price data source for livestock commodities is United States Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Marketing Service. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Beef cattle 1/ : All hogs 2/ Month :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2016 : 2017 : 2018 : 2016 : 2017 : 2018 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per cwt : January ..: 130.00 117.00 120.00 43.60 48.10 52.50 February .: 132.00 119.00 125.00 49.60 54.40 54.60 March ....: 135.00 125.00 125.00 50.00 53.00 50.00 April ....: 131.00 128.00 119.00 51.00 48.40 45.30 May ......: 128.00 136.00 120.00 57.20 53.60 51.50 June .....: 125.00 132.00 112.00 60.60 62.10 59.10 July .....: 119.00 120.00 110.00 59.40 67.30 58.60 August ...: 117.00 114.00 110.00 52.60 61.50 44.30 September : 108.00 105.00 108.00 47.80 48.90 43.20 October ..: 101.00 109.00 41.70 47.30 November .: 104.00 119.00 39.00 50.00 December .: 111.00 118.00 43.10 48.60 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Cows and steers & heifers. 2/ Barrows & gilts and sows. Prices Received for All Wheat - States and United States: September 2018 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : September 2017 : August 2018 : September 2018 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Arizona ............: (S) (D) (S) Arkansas ...........: (D) (D) (D) California .........: (D) (D) (S) Colorado ...........: 3.42 5.07 4.67 Idaho ..............: 4.54 5.11 5.12 Illinois ...........: 4.12 5.01 3.98 Indiana ............: 4.34 5.25 4.95 Kansas .............: 3.55 5.16 5.04 Michigan ...........: 4.24 5.28 5.17 Minnesota ..........: 5.71 5.43 5.15 : Missouri ...........: 4.42 4.99 4.90 Montana ............: 5.14 5.32 5.21 Nebraska ...........: 3.36 5.06 4.82 North Carolina .....: 4.59 5.01 4.97 North Dakota .......: 5.70 5.27 4.98 Ohio ...............: 4.51 5.51 5.21 Oklahoma ...........: 3.48 5.65 4.90 Oregon .............: 4.99 5.81 5.83 South Dakota .......: 5.31 5.47 5.14 Texas ..............: 3.83 5.00 5.92 Washington .........: 4.78 5.45 5.30 : United States ......: 4.65 5.30 5.15 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Winter Wheat - States and United States: September 2018 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : September 2017 : August 2018 : September 2018 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Arkansas ...........: (D) (D) (D) California .........: (D) (D) (S) Colorado ...........: 3.35 5.07 4.67 Idaho ..............: 4.33 4.98 5.03 Illinois ...........: 4.12 5.01 3.98 Indiana ............: 4.34 5.25 4.95 Kansas .............: 3.55 5.16 5.04 Michigan ...........: 4.24 5.28 5.17 Minnesota ..........: (D) 4.33 (D) Missouri ...........: 4.42 4.99 4.90 : Montana ............: 4.15 5.22 5.13 Nebraska ...........: 3.36 5.06 4.82 North Carolina .....: 4.59 5.01 4.97 North Dakota .......: 4.60 5.18 5.03 Ohio ...............: 4.51 5.51 5.21 Oklahoma ...........: 3.48 5.65 4.90 Oregon .............: 4.92 5.73 5.70 South Dakota .......: 4.41 5.36 5.10 Texas ..............: 3.83 5.00 5.92 Washington .........: 4.68 5.41 5.26 : United States ......: 4.11 5.23 5.14 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Durum Wheat - States and United States: September 2018 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : September 2017 : August 2018 : September 2018 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Arizona ............: (S) (D) (S) California .........: (S) (S) (S) Idaho ..............: 6.19 (D) (D) Montana ............: (D) 5.39 5.62 North Dakota .......: 6.40 4.95 4.83 : United States ......: 6.31 5.05 5.00 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Spring Wheat - States and United States: September 2018 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : September 2017 : August 2018 : September 2018 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Colorado ...........: (D) (D) (D) Idaho ..............: 4.95 5.34 5.25 Minnesota ..........: 5.71 5.43 5.16 Montana ............: 6.13 5.70 5.24 North Dakota .......: 5.62 5.30 5.00 Oregon .............: 5.45 6.21 6.30 South Dakota .......: 5.92 5.52 5.15 Washington .........: 5.40 5.69 5.50 : United States ......: 5.62 5.40 5.16 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Prices Received for Oats - States and United States: September 2018 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : September 2017 : August 2018 : September 2018 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Illinois ...........: 3.55 (D) (S) Iowa ...............: 2.52 2.61 2.73 Michigan ...........: 2.87 2.99 3.43 Minnesota ..........: 2.05 2.18 2.34 Montana ............: (D) (S) (S) Nebraska ...........: 2.75 2.64 (D) New York ...........: (S) (S) 2.88 North Dakota .......: 2.54 2.17 2.26 Oregon .............: (D) (S) (D) Pennsylvania .......: (D) 3.35 4.06 South Dakota .......: 2.39 2.39 2.33 Texas ..............: (S) (S) (S) Wisconsin ..........: 2.60 2.60 2.64 : United States ......: 2.56 2.47 2.62 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for All Barley - States and United States: September 2018 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : September 2017 : August 2018 : September 2018 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : California .........: (D) (D) (D) Colorado ...........: 4.53 4.25 (D) Idaho ..............: 4.59 4.87 4.48 Minnesota ..........: (D) 4.15 4.21 Montana ............: 4.02 4.53 4.89 North Dakota .......: 4.18 4.15 4.11 Washington .........: 2.48 4.39 2.94 Wyoming ............: (D) 4.70 (D) : United States ......: 4.32 4.53 4.49 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Prices Received for Malting Barley - States and United States: September 2018 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : September 2017 : August 2018 : September 2018 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : California .........: (D) (D) (D) Colorado ...........: (D) 4.43 4.65 Idaho ..............: 4.70 4.98 4.76 Minnesota ..........: (D) 4.32 4.27 Montana ............: 4.33 4.61 4.97 North Dakota .......: 4.71 4.38 4.40 Washington .........: (D) (D) (S) Wyoming ............: (D) 4.71 (D) : United States ......: 4.64 4.68 4.75 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Feed Barley - States and United States: September 2018 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : September 2017 : August 2018 : September 2018 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : California .........: (D) (S) (S) Colorado ...........: 2.71 (D) (D) Idaho ..............: 2.52 3.17 3.29 Minnesota ..........: (S) 2.96 (D) Montana ............: 2.34 3.78 2.88 North Dakota .......: 2.70 2.63 3.26 Washington .........: 2.41 2.83 2.94 Wyoming ............: (D) (D) (D) : United States ......: 2.62 3.11 3.15 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Corn - States and United States: September 2018 with Comparisons --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : September 2017 : August 2018 : September 2018 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Alabama 1/ .............: 3.88 4.00 4.21 Alaska 1/ ..............: (S) (S) (S) Arizona 1/ .............: (D) 4.72 (S) Arkansas 1/ ............: 3.58 3.92 3.65 California 1/ ..........: (D) (S) (D) Colorado ...............: 3.37 3.41 3.47 Connecticut 1/ .........: (S) (S) (S) Delaware 1/ ............: (S) (S) (D) Florida 1/ .............: (D) (D) (D) Georgia 1/ .............: 4.16 4.11 4.13 : Hawaii 1/ ..............: (S) (S) (S) Idaho 1/ ...............: (D) 4.00 (D) Illinois ...............: 3.27 3.35 3.38 Indiana ................: 3.42 3.54 3.45 Iowa ...................: 3.21 3.27 3.29 Kansas .................: 3.23 3.53 3.47 Kentucky ...............: 3.52 3.69 3.61 Louisiana 1/ ...........: 3.77 3.88 3.85 Maine 1/ ...............: (S) (S) (S) Maryland 1/ ............: (D) (D) 3.56 : Massachusetts 1/ .......: (D) (S) (S) Michigan ...............: 3.39 3.67 3.39 Minnesota ..............: 2.99 3.21 3.10 Mississippi 1/ .........: 3.73 3.81 3.65 Missouri ...............: 3.25 3.50 3.44 Montana 1/ .............: (S) (D) (D) Nebraska ...............: 3.19 3.37 3.30 Nevada 1/ ..............: (S) (S) (S) New Hampshire 1/ .......: (S) (S) (S) New Jersey 1/ ..........: (D) (D) (D) : New Mexico 1/ ..........: (S) (S) (D) New York 1/ ............: (D) 4.15 4.24 North Carolina .........: 4.13 (D) 4.23 North Dakota ...........: 2.85 3.09 3.20 Ohio ...................: 3.49 3.55 3.46 Oklahoma 1/ ............: 3.30 3.80 3.78 Oregon 1/ ..............: (S) (S) (S) Pennsylvania ...........: 3.75 4.09 3.76 Rhode Island 1/ ........: (S) (S) (S) South Carolina 1/ ......: 4.18 (D) 4.32 : South Dakota ...........: 2.95 3.14 3.07 Tennessee ..............: 3.43 3.64 3.65 Texas ..................: 3.56 3.92 3.88 Utah 1/ ................: (D) (S) (D) Vermont 1/ .............: (S) (S) (S) Virginia 1/ ............: (D) 4.16 3.80 Washington 1/ ..........: (S) 3.79 4.24 West Virginia 1/ .......: (D) (D) (D) Wisconsin ..............: 3.25 3.35 3.29 Wyoming 1/ .............: (S) (S) (D) : United States 2/ .......: 3.27 3.36 3.39 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1/ States added September 2017. 2/ United States price includes Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, and Wisconsin. Prices Received for Sorghum Grain - States and United States: September 2018 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : September 2017 : August 2018 : September 2018 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per cwt : Arkansas ...........: (S) (S) (S) Kansas .............: 4.89 5.37 5.35 Louisiana ..........: (D) (D) (D) Missouri ...........: 5.16 (D) 5.81 Nebraska ...........: (D) 5.53 5.29 Oklahoma ...........: 4.90 5.83 5.86 Texas ..............: 6.30 6.67 7.10 : United States ......: 5.80 6.48 6.09 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Soybeans - States and United States: September 2018 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : September 2017 : August 2018 : September 2018 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Arkansas ...........: 9.75 (D) 9.39 Illinois ...........: 9.51 8.50 9.08 Indiana ............: 9.50 8.85 8.75 Iowa ...............: 9.18 8.38 8.44 Kansas .............: 8.86 8.50 7.97 Kentucky ...........: 9.53 8.78 9.18 Louisiana ..........: 9.64 9.34 9.22 Michigan ...........: 9.28 9.24 8.72 Minnesota ..........: 9.08 8.70 8.32 Mississippi ........: 9.74 9.83 (D) : Missouri ...........: 9.27 9.00 8.64 Nebraska ...........: 8.98 8.07 8.63 North Carolina .....: 9.63 8.67 8.90 North Dakota .......: 8.79 7.97 8.56 Ohio ...............: 9.46 8.81 8.84 South Dakota .......: 8.77 8.18 7.96 Tennessee ..........: 9.68 9.50 9.22 Wisconsin ..........: 9.27 8.70 8.92 : United States ......: 9.35 8.59 8.77 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Prices Received for Dry Beans - States and United States: September 2018 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : September 2017 : August 2018 : September 2018 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per cwt : California .........: (D) (D) (D) Colorado ...........: 27.50 23.10 37.60 Idaho ..............: 28.60 25.40 27.00 Michigan ...........: 30.50 (D) (D) Minnesota ..........: 31.10 (D) 26.50 Nebraska ...........: (D) (D) (D) North Dakota .......: 25.20 23.40 24.50 : United States ......: 27.10 26.30 25.70 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Prices Received for Peanuts (in shell) - States and United States: September 2018 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : September 2017 : August 2018 : September 2018 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per pound : Alabama ............: 0.225 0.215 0.217 Arkansas ...........: 0.196 0.193 0.189 Florida ............: 0.236 0.214 0.209 Georgia ............: 0.227 0.220 0.217 Mississippi ........: 0.219 0.201 0.209 New Mexico .........: (S) 0.249 (S) North Carolina .....: 0.239 0.244 0.244 Oklahoma ...........: (S) 0.236 0.236 South Carolina .....: 0.242 0.224 0.222 Texas ..............: 0.240 0.223 0.252 Virginia ...........: 0.248 0.242 0.243 : United States ......: 0.230 0.220 0.222 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Sunflower - States and United States: September 2018 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : September 2017 : August 2018 : September 2018 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per cwt : Kansas .............: (D) 18.00 (D) Minnesota ..........: 19.20 (D) (D) North Dakota .......: 17.80 17.80 17.40 South Dakota .......: 17.10 15.70 16.30 : United States ......: 17.40 16.90 16.70 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Prices Received for Canola - States and United States: September 2018 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : September 2017 : August 2018 : September 2018 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per cwt : Minnesota ..........: (D) (S) 16.90 Montana ............: 15.30 (D) (D) North Dakota .......: 17.40 15.40 15.20 Oklahoma ...........: (D) 11.10 (S) : United States ......: 17.30 15.30 15.20 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Flaxseed - States and United States: September 2018 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : September 2017 : August 2018 : September 2018 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : North Dakota .......: 9.55 10.20 9.79 : United States ......: 9.55 10.20 9.79 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received for Upland Cotton and Cottonseed - States and United States: September 2018 with Comparisons [Cottonseed marketing year August - February] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Cotton, Upland : Cottonseed State :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : September : August : September : September : August : September : 2017 : 2018 : 2018 : 2017 : 2018 : 2018 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -------- dollars per pound -------- --------- dollars per ton -------- : Alabama ............: (S) (S) (S) 112.00 (NA) 115.00 Arizona ............: (D) (S) (S) (S) (NA) (S) Arkansas ...........: (S) (S) (S) 138.00 (NA) (S) California .........: (S) (S) (S) (S) (NA) (S) Georgia ............: (D) (S) (S) 111.00 (NA) 109.00 Louisiana ..........: (S) (S) (S) 152.00 (NA) (S) Mississippi ........: (S) (S) (S) 150.00 (NA) (S) North Carolina .....: (D) (S) (S) 164.00 (NA) (S) Tennessee ..........: (D) (S) (D) (S) (NA) (S) Texas ..............: 0.637 0.697 0.711 123.00 134.00 139.00 : United States ......: 0.641 0.697 0.710 127.00 134.00 141.00 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received and Marketings for Upland Cotton and Rice - United States: September 2018 with Comparisons ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Item : September 2017 : August 2018 : September 2018 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Cotton, Upland : Average price ......dollars/pound: 0.641 0.697 0.710 Marketings 1/ ........1,000 bales: 431 167 431 : Rice, all : Average price ........dollars/cwt: 11.50 13.90 12.20 Marketings 2/ ..........1,000 cwt: 10,475 4,553 7,951 : Rice, long : Average price ........dollars/cwt: 11.00 11.90 11.40 Marketings 2/ ..........1,000 cwt: 8,508 3,109 6,658 : Rice, medium and short : California : Average price ........dollars/cwt: 15.10 18.80 18.30 : Other States 3/ : Average price ........dollars/cwt: 10.80 14.00 12.70 : United States : Average price ........dollars/cwt: 13.60 18.20 16.50 Marketings 2/ ..........1,000 cwt: 1,967 1,444 1,293 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Marketings based on a survey of cotton buyers in the major producing States - Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Texas. 2/ Purchases by private firms and rice (rough equivalent) shipped by cooperatives. 3/ Other States include Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, and Texas. Prices Received for Hay by Type - States and United States: September 2018 with Comparisons ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : All hay : Alfalfa hay : Other hay State :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- :September : August :September :September : August :September :September : August :September : 2017 : 2018 : 2018 : 2017 : 2018 : 2018 : 2017 : 2018 : 2018 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per ton : Alabama 1/ ...........: 99.00 (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Alaska 1/ ............: 370.00 360.00 350.00 (S) (S) (S) (S) 360.00 (S) Arizona ..............: 161.00 220.00 210.00 160.00 220.00 210.00 170.00 200.00 200.00 Arkansas 1/ ..........: 100.00 113.00 115.00 187.00 (S) (S) 99.00 112.00 114.00 California ...........: 161.00 183.00 190.00 170.00 195.00 200.00 130.00 145.00 150.00 Colorado .............: 166.00 215.00 215.00 165.00 215.00 215.00 175.00 215.00 215.00 Connecticut 1/ .......: 129.00 (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 83.00 (S) (S) Delaware 1/ ..........: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Florida 1/ ...........: 143.00 (S) 158.00 (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 150.00 Georgia 1/ ...........: 102.00 (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) : Hawaii 1/ ............: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Idaho ................: 143.00 143.00 158.00 140.00 140.00 155.00 160.00 180.00 180.00 Illinois .............: 128.00 144.00 149.00 145.00 165.00 165.00 85.00 105.00 110.00 Indiana 1/ ...........: 163.00 134.00 150.00 175.00 180.00 175.00 130.00 125.00 120.00 Iowa .................: 101.00 105.00 108.00 105.00 110.00 109.00 88.00 88.00 103.00 Kansas ...............: 101.00 154.00 145.00 119.00 164.00 169.00 75.00 106.00 108.00 Kentucky .............: 125.00 172.00 168.00 205.00 220.00 220.00 100.00 150.00 150.00 Louisiana 1/ .........: 96.00 104.00 106.00 (S) (S) (S) (S) 104.00 106.00 Maine 1/ .............: 174.00 (S) (S) 230.00 (S) (S) 99.00 (S) (S) Maryland 1/ ..........: 145.00 (S) 154.00 188.00 (S) (S) 122.00 (S) 140.00 : Massachusetts 1/ .....: 108.00 (S) (S) 159.00 (S) (S) 76.00 (S) (S) Michigan .............: 131.00 145.00 139.00 145.00 150.00 145.00 110.00 130.00 120.00 Minnesota ............: 90.00 84.00 104.00 98.00 95.00 120.00 67.00 73.00 80.00 Mississippi 1/ .......: 76.00 100.00 (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 100.00 (S) Missouri .............: 96.00 117.00 119.00 150.00 160.00 160.00 85.00 110.00 110.00 Montana ..............: 144.00 148.00 138.00 145.00 150.00 140.00 140.00 135.00 125.00 Nebraska .............: 85.00 103.00 107.00 90.00 111.00 113.00 75.00 83.00 94.00 Nevada ...............: 169.00 170.00 171.00 170.00 170.00 170.00 150.00 170.00 190.00 New Hampshire 1/ .....: 170.00 (S) 153.00 202.00 (S) (S) 84.00 (S) (S) New Jersey 1/ ........: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) : New Mexico ...........: 173.00 230.00 220.00 175.00 240.00 230.00 160.00 175.00 170.00 New York .............: 169.00 135.00 133.00 199.00 160.00 165.00 159.00 130.00 122.00 North Carolina 1/ ....: 116.00 127.00 127.00 (S) (S) (S) 115.00 (S) (S) North Dakota .........: 100.00 85.00 84.00 107.00 91.00 88.00 74.00 69.00 68.00 Ohio .................: 140.00 164.00 146.00 170.00 185.00 175.00 120.00 120.00 115.00 Oklahoma .............: 71.00 112.00 101.00 112.00 187.00 186.00 67.00 102.00 93.00 Oregon ...............: 157.00 196.00 198.00 150.00 200.00 200.00 180.00 190.00 190.00 Pennsylvania .........: 160.00 152.00 167.00 177.00 189.00 184.00 155.00 136.00 161.00 Rhode Island 1/ ......: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) South Carolina 1/ ....: 130.00 (S) 126.00 (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) : South Dakota .........: 95.00 92.00 98.00 103.00 94.00 101.00 79.00 82.00 92.00 Tennessee 1/ .........: 117.00 112.00 112.00 215.00 (S) (S) 115.00 110.00 110.00 Texas ................: 112.00 141.00 136.00 162.00 198.00 198.00 103.00 120.00 119.00 Utah .................: 135.00 170.00 175.00 135.00 170.00 175.00 120.00 130.00 135.00 Vermont 1/ ...........: 77.00 (S) 154.00 86.00 (S) (S) 74.00 (S) (S) Virginia 1/ ..........: 117.00 146.00 146.00 205.00 (S) (S) 110.00 135.00 135.00 Washington ...........: 167.00 178.00 188.00 155.00 175.00 185.00 200.00 185.00 195.00 West Virginia 1/ .....: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Wisconsin ............: 105.00 122.00 145.00 119.00 134.00 154.00 70.00 91.00 120.00 Wyoming ..............: 138.00 163.00 162.00 140.00 170.00 170.00 130.00 140.00 140.00 : United States 2/ .....: 137.00 161.00 163.00 149.00 177.00 180.00 114.00 130.00 130.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1/ States added September 2017. 2/ United States price includes Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Washington, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. Prices Received for Apples - States and United States: September 2018 with Comparisons [Equivalent packinghouse-door returns for California, Michigan, New York, Pennsylvania, and Washington. Prices at point of first sale for other States] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Apples, fresh use State :----------------------------------------------------------- : September 2017 : August 2018 : September 2018 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per pound : California .........: 0.847 0.482 0.420 Michigan ...........: 0.575 (S) 0.590 New York ...........: 0.425 (S) 0.404 Pennsylvania .......: 0.495 0.363 0.404 Virginia ...........: 0.350 0.310 0.310 Washington .........: 0.624 0.278 0.472 : United States ......: 0.591 0.297 0.467 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization - States and United States: September 2017 [Net pounds per box: grapefruit in California-80, Florida-85, Texas-80; lemons-80; oranges in California-80, Florida-90, Texas-85] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Equivalent returns Commodity, : FOB :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State, : packed : Packinghouse door : On-tree and type : fresh :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : All : Fresh : Process : All : Fresh : Process --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per box : Grapefruit : California ........................: (D) 17.87 (D) (D) 15.05 (D) (D) Florida, all ......................: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) White ...........................: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Red .............................: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Texas .............................: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) : United States .....................: (D) 17.59 (D) (D) 14.66 (D) (D) : Lemons : Arizona ...........................: (D) (D) (D) (S) (D) (D) (S) California ........................: 49.40 35.81 39.37 (D) 29.42 32.85 (D) : United States .....................: 49.50 35.97 39.49 (D) 29.58 32.97 (D) : Oranges : California, all ...................: 41.30 23.63 31.57 (D) 20.87 28.86 (D) Navel and miscellaneous .........: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Valencia ........................: 41.30 23.63 31.57 (D) 20.87 28.86 (D) Florida, all ......................: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Early and mids ..................: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Valencia ........................: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Texas, all ........................: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Early and mids ..................: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Valencia ........................: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) : United States .....................: 41.30 23.30 31.56 (D) 20.52 28.84 (D) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization - States and United States: August 2018 [Net pounds per box: grapefruit in California-80, Florida-85, Texas-80; lemons-80; oranges in California-80, Florida-90, Texas-85] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Equivalent returns Commodity, : FOB :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State, : packed : Packinghouse door : On-tree and type : fresh :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : All : Fresh : Process : All : Fresh : Process --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per box : Grapefruit : California ........................: (D) 12.67 (D) (D) 9.57 (D) (D) Florida, all ......................: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) White ...........................: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Red .............................: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Texas .............................: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) : United States .....................: (D) 12.67 (D) (D) 9.57 (D) (D) : Lemons : Arizona ...........................: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) California ........................: 77.70 59.49 67.47 (D) 53.01 60.82 (D) : United States .....................: 77.70 59.49 67.47 (D) 53.01 60.82 (D) : Oranges : California, all ...................: 39.60 20.89 29.68 (D) 18.06 26.92 (D) Navel and miscellaneous .........: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Valencia ........................: 39.60 20.89 29.68 (D) 18.06 26.92 (D) Florida, all ......................: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Early and mids ..................: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Valencia ........................: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Texas, all ........................: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Early and mids ..................: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Valencia ........................: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) : United States .....................: 39.60 20.63 29.68 (D) 17.78 26.92 (D) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization - States and United States: September 2018 [Net pounds per box: grapefruit in California-80, Florida-85, Texas-80; lemons-80; oranges in California-80, Florida-90, Texas-85] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Equivalent returns Commodity, : FOB :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State, : packed : Packinghouse door : On-tree and type : fresh :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : All : Fresh : Process : All : Fresh : Process --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per box : Grapefruit : California ........................: (D) 17.43 (D) (D) 14.56 (D) (D) Florida, all ......................: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) White ...........................: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Red .............................: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Texas .............................: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) : United States .....................: (D) 17.68 (D) (D) 14.82 (D) (D) : Lemons : Arizona ...........................: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) California ........................: 79.30 59.72 69.07 (D) 53.26 62.42 (D) : United States .....................: 79.10 59.72 68.85 (D) 53.26 62.20 (D) : Oranges : California, all ...................: 41.90 24.29 31.98 (D) 21.47 29.22 (D) Navel and miscellaneous .........: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Valencia ........................: 41.90 24.29 31.98 (D) 21.47 29.22 (D) Florida, all ......................: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Early and mids ..................: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Valencia ........................: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Texas, all ........................: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Early and mids ..................: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Valencia ........................: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) : United States .....................: 41.90 24.01 31.94 (D) 21.18 29.18 (D) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for All Milk - States and United States: September 2018 with Comparisons [Before deduction for hauling. Includes quality, quantity, and other premiums. Excludes hauling subsidies] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : September 2017 : August 2018 : September 2018 State :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Price :Fat test : Price :Fat test : Price : Fat test ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- :dollars per cwt percent dollars per cwt percent dollars per cwt percent : Arizona ............: 17.30 3.61 15.50 3.57 16.20 3.60 California .........: 16.64 3.79 15.45 3.74 15.97 3.79 Colorado ...........: 18.30 3.63 16.40 3.63 17.30 3.69 Florida ............: 21.90 3.72 19.50 3.69 19.90 3.71 Idaho ..............: 17.30 3.84 15.90 3.79 16.70 3.93 Illinois ...........: 18.50 3.80 16.10 3.76 17.10 3.84 Indiana ............: 17.80 3.71 15.20 3.62 16.00 3.67 Iowa ...............: 18.20 3.84 16.30 3.79 17.40 3.91 Kansas .............: 17.40 3.70 14.90 3.73 15.70 3.76 Michigan ...........: 16.50 3.69 14.60 3.54 15.40 3.61 : Minnesota ..........: 18.00 3.86 16.50 3.83 17.50 3.93 New Mexico .........: 16.60 3.64 14.30 3.60 15.00 3.65 New York ...........: 18.40 3.83 16.40 3.71 17.10 3.76 Ohio ...............: 18.60 3.84 15.80 3.65 16.40 3.71 Oregon .............: 20.20 4.01 18.10 3.86 19.50 4.00 Pennsylvania .......: 19.20 3.81 16.40 3.67 17.10 3.71 South Dakota .......: 18.70 4.04 17.10 3.98 18.30 4.09 Texas ..............: 18.80 4.04 16.20 3.95 16.90 4.04 Utah ...............: 17.80 3.76 15.80 3.73 16.80 3.82 Vermont ............: 18.80 3.81 16.70 3.75 17.50 3.81 : Virginia ...........: 20.00 3.74 17.10 3.67 17.50 3.70 Washington .........: 18.70 4.01 16.40 3.86 17.40 4.00 Wisconsin ..........: 18.20 3.78 16.20 3.74 17.40 3.81 : United States ......: 17.90 3.81 15.90 3.74 16.70 3.81 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received for Milk Cows - States and United States: October 2018 with Comparisons [Animals sold for dairy herd replacement only. Quarterly United States milk cow prices are based on revised milk cow inventory] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : October 2017 : July 2018 : October 2018 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per head : Arizona ............: 1,700.00 1,450.00 1,450.00 California .........: 1,600.00 1,300.00 1,200.00 Colorado ...........: 1,750.00 1,450.00 1,350.00 Florida ............: 1,680.00 1,430.00 1,260.00 Idaho ..............: 1,650.00 1,500.00 1,350.00 Illinois ...........: 1,560.00 1,250.00 1,210.00 Indiana ............: 1,520.00 1,200.00 1,100.00 Iowa ...............: 1,580.00 1,220.00 1,170.00 Kansas .............: 1,650.00 1,450.00 1,400.00 Michigan ...........: 1,650.00 1,300.00 1,200.00 : Minnesota ..........: 1,560.00 1,170.00 1,050.00 New Mexico .........: 1,700.00 1,500.00 1,450.00 New York ...........: 1,500.00 1,200.00 1,100.00 Ohio ...............: 1,520.00 1,100.00 1,050.00 Oregon .............: 1,700.00 1,450.00 1,400.00 Pennsylvania .......: 1,530.00 1,250.00 1,150.00 South Dakota .......: 1,620.00 1,300.00 1,300.00 Texas ..............: 1,700.00 1,500.00 1,450.00 Utah ...............: 1,700.00 1,400.00 1,300.00 Vermont ............: 1,700.00 1,400.00 1,250.00 : Virginia ...........: 1,490.00 1,200.00 1,120.00 Washington .........: 1,700.00 1,400.00 1,300.00 Wisconsin ..........: 1,610.00 1,250.00 1,180.00 : United States ......: 1,610.00 1,320.00 1,230.00 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Parity Price Overview Parity prices, based on data from January 2017, and adjusted base price data from which parity prices are computed are presented in the tables on the following pages. Parity prices are computed under the provisions of Title III. Subtitle A, Section 301(a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 as amended by the Agricultural Acts of 1948, 1949, 1954, and 1956. The parity prices shown in this report are based on the provisions of the amended Act. Briefly, the actual method of computation is as follows: a. The average of prices received by farmers for individual commodities for the 10 preceding years is calculated (for 2017, the 10-average includes the years 2007-2016). An allowance for unredeemed loans and other supplemental payments resulting from price support programs, such as the deficiency payments for grains and cotton, is included for those commodities for which applicable. b. This 10-year average is divided by the average of the Index of Prices Received by Farmers for the same 10 preceding calendar years, adjusted to include an allowance for unredeemed loans and other supplemental price support operations, to give an "adjusted base price". c. Parity prices are computed by multiplying the "adjusted base prices" by the current Parity Index (the Index of Prices Paid by Farmers, including Interest, Taxes, and Wage Rates, 1910-1914=100). Parity prices are calculated in terms of prices received by farmers in the local markets in which they ordinarily sell. This means that the parity prices apply to the average of all classes and grades of the commodity as sold by all farmers in the United States, except as otherwise specified. Fruits and vegetables for fresh use and for processing are usually considered separate commodities and separate parity prices are calculated. The Agricultural Marketing Agreement Act of 1937 provided for parity prices for certain commodities covered by a marketing agreement or order program. Under present legislation, United States parity prices, with appropriate adjustments where needed, may be used for the purpose of this Act. Commodity Parity Prices and Price as Percent of Parity Price - United States: September 2018 with Comparisons [Parity prices are computed under the provisions of Title III, Subtitle a, Section 301 (a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 as amended by the Agricultural Acts of 1948, 1949, and 1956. See February "Agricultural Prices" for details on adjusted base price and parity price computations. Parity data not available for blank cells. Primary source of data for livestock and milk prices is United States Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Marketing Service] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Parity price : Price as percent :Adjusted : : : of parity Commodity and unit : base :----------------------------------------------------------- : price :September: August :September:September: August :September : : 2017 : 2018 : 2018 : 2017 : 2018 : 2018 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------------- dollars ------------- ------- percent ------ : Basic commodities : All wheat ............bushel: 0.598 17.70 17.60 17.60 26 30 29 Rice ....................cwt: 1.36 39.30 40.00 39.90 29 35 31 Corn .................bushel: 0.450 13.00 13.20 13.20 25 25 26 Cotton : Upland ..............pound: 0.068 1.91 2.00 2.00 34 35 36 American Pima .......pound: 0.136 3.84 4.00 3.99 36 35 35 Peanuts ...............pound: 0.023 0.664 0.677 0.676 35 32 33 Small chickpeas 1/ ......cwt: 2.41 66.70 70.90 70.80 42 36 33 Large chickpeas 1/ ......cwt: 3.28 93.30 96.50 96.30 37 38 24 Lentils 1/ ..............cwt: 2.65 73.40 78.00 77.80 35 23 30 : Designated non-basic : All milk, to plants 2/ ..cwt: 1.77 52.00 52.10 52.00 33 30 31 Honey, extracted 3/ ...pound: 0.175 4.74 5.15 5.14 44 40 40 : Wool and mohair : Wool ..................pound: 0.131 3.64 3.85 3.85 40 38 38 Mohair ................pound: 0.406 11.40 11.90 11.90 40 42 42 : Other non-basic : Apples, fresh 4/ ......pound: 0.035 0.982 1.030 1.030 60 29 45 Barley ...............bushel: 0.506 14.30 14.90 14.90 30 30 30 Canola ..................cwt: 1.88 54.60 55.30 55.20 32 28 28 Cottonseed ..............ton: 20.20 589.00 594.00 593.00 22 23 24 Dry edible beans ........cwt: 3.26 93.30 95.90 95.70 29 27 27 Flaxseed .............bushel: 1.15 33.20 33.80 33.80 29 30 29 Oats .................bushel: 0.292 8.44 8.59 8.58 30 29 31 Potatoes, fresh .........cwt: 1.11 33.20 32.70 32.60 42 34 29 Sorghum grain ...........cwt: 0.760 22.20 22.40 22.30 26 29 27 Soybeans .............bushel: 1.11 31.50 32.70 32.60 30 26 27 Sunflower, all ..........cwt: 2.18 62.70 64.10 64.00 28 26 26 : Citrus (equivalent on-tree) : Grapefruit ..............box: 0.737 19.20 21.70 21.60 76 44 69 Lemons ..................box: 1.87 50.60 55.00 54.90 58 96 97 Oranges .................box: 0.909 25.40 26.70 26.70 81 67 79 : Livestock and poultry : Beef cattle .............cwt: 11.40 321.00 335.00 335.00 33 33 32 Broilers ..............pound: 0.051 1.44 1.50 1.50 35 33 31 Calves ..................cwt: 16.50 465.00 485.00 485.00 37 33 35 Eggs 2/ ...............dozen: 0.101 2.95 2.97 2.97 37 34 31 Hogs ....................cwt: 5.66 161.00 167.00 166.00 30 27 26 Turkeys, live .........pound: 0.066 1.880 1.940 1.940 33 27 27 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Parity prices began January 2015. 2/ Seasonally adjusted price as percentage of parity price. 3/ Wholesale extracted. Adjusted base price derived from state annual averages prices weighted by production. For 1982 through 1985 the national averages are the support prices. 4/ Equivalent packinghouse-door returns for California, New York, Oregon, and Washington. Price at point of first sale for other states. Commodity Parity Prices - United States: September 2018 with Comparisons [Parity prices are computed under the provisions of Title III, Subtitle a, Section 301 (a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 as amended by the Agricultural Acts of 1948, 1949, and 1956. See February "Agricultural Prices" for details on adjusted base price and parity price computations] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Parity price : Adjusted : : : Commodity and unit : base :----------------------------------------- : price : September : August : September : : 2017 : 2018 : 2018 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars : Field crops and miscellaneous : Hops ..............................pound: 0.394 10.60 11.60 11.60 Mustard seed ........................cwt: 3.32 94.80 97.70 97.50 Rapeseed ............................cwt: 2.72 77.70 80.00 79.90 Rye ..............................bushel: 0.629 18.30 18.50 18.50 Safflower ...........................cwt: 2.24 64.70 65.90 65.80 Spearmint oil .....................pound: 1.73 49.10 50.90 50.80 Sweet potatoes ......................cwt: 2.04 58.90 60.00 59.90 : Tobacco : Flue-cured, 11-14 ...............pound: 0.184 5.23 5.41 5.40 Fire-cured, 21-23 ...............pound: 0.254 7.25 7.47 7.46 Burley, 31 ......................pound: 0.180 5.14 5.30 5.29 Maryland, 32 ....................pound: 0.171 4.91 5.03 5.02 Dark air-cured, 35-37 ...........pound: 0.228 6.53 6.71 6.70 Pennsylvania seedleaf, 41 .......pound: 0.196 5.46 5.77 5.76 : Non-citrus fruit : Apples, processing 1/ 2/ ............ton: 20.20 566.00 594.00 593.00 Apricots : Fresh 3/ ..........................ton: 121.00 3,350.00 3,560.00 3,550.00 Dried (California) ................ton: 313.00 8,610.00 9,210.00 9,190.00 Avocados 2/ 3/ ......................ton: 200.00 5,290.00 5,880.00 5,870.00 Cherries : Sweet .............................ton: 215.00 6,150.00 6,330.00 6,310.00 Tart 2/ .........................pound: 0.032 0.924 0.941 0.940 Cranberry 2/ 4/ ..................barrel: 3.86 118.00 114.00 113.00 Dates (California) 3/ ...............ton: 159.00 4,160.00 4,680.00 4,670.00 : Grapes (California) : Raisin variety 5/ .................ton: 147.00 4,040.00 4,320.00 4,320.00 Wine, processing ..................ton: 71.90 (NA) 2,120.00 2,110.00 Kiwifruit 2/ ........................ton: 105.00 3,000.00 3,090.00 3,080.00 Nectarines, fresh (California) 3/ ...ton: 72.90 1,940.00 2,140.00 2,140.00 Olives, canning (California) 4/ .....ton: 106.00 2,860.00 3,120.00 3,110.00 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Commodity Parity Prices - United States: September 2018 with Comparisons (continued) [Parity prices are computed under the provisions of Title III, Subtitle a, Section 301 (a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 as amended by the Agricultural Acts of 1948, 1949, and 1956. See February "Agricultural Prices" for details on adjusted base price and parity price computations] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : : Parity price :Adjusted : : : Commodity and unit : base :-------------------------------------------- : price : September : August : September : : 2017 : 2018 : 2018 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : dollars : Non-citrus fruit - continued : Papayas (Hawaii) .................pound: 0.042 1.18 1.24 1.23 Peaches : Fresh 4/ 6/ ......................ton: 97.20 2,620.00 2,860.00 2,850.00 Dried (California) 1/ 5/ .........ton: 43.20 1,260.00 1,270.00 1,270.00 Processing, excludes dried : Clingstone (California) 4/ ....ton: 37.80 1,050.00 1,110.00 1,110.00 : Pears, Fresh 6/ ....................ton: 63.50 1,740.00 1,870.00 1,860.00 Plums (California) equivalent on-tree : Fresh 7/ .........................ton: 68.40 1,880.00 2,010.00 2,010.00 Prunes, dried (California) 1/ 2/ 5/ ton: 171.00 4,620.00 5,030.00 5,020.00 Strawberries : Fresh 10/ ......................pound: 9.61 253.00 283.00 282.00 Processing .....................pound: 3.62 101.00 107.00 106.00 Sugar crops : Sugar beets 2/ 8/ ................ton: 5.10 147.00 150.00 150.00 Sugarcane 2/ 8/ ..................ton: 3.47 100.00 102.00 102.00 : Tree nuts 9/ : Almonds ..........................pound: 0.242 6.82 7.12 7.11 Hazelnuts ..........................ton: 235.00 6,730.00 6,910.00 6,900.00 Pistachios .......................pound: 0.237 6.82 6.97 6.96 Walnuts ............................ton: 236.00 6,760.00 6,940.00 6,930.00 : Vegetables, fresh 10/ : Carrots 11/ ........................cwt: 2.78 78.90 81.80 81.60 Cauliflower 11/ ....................cwt: 4.59 130.00 135.00 135.00 Celery 11/ .........................cwt: 1.98 58.60 58.30 58.20 Honeydew melons ....................cwt: 2.02 55.50 59.40 59.30 Lettuce ............................cwt: 2.43 66.40 71.50 71.40 Onions 11/ .........................cwt: 1.41 39.60 41.50 41.40 Tomatoes ...........................cwt: 4.05 116.00 119.00 119.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. 1/ Equivalent returns at processing plant door. 2/ Adjusted base price is carried forward from the previous year since current marketing year average price is not yet available. 3/ Equivalent returns at packinghouse door. 4/ Equivalent returns for bulk fruit at first delivery point. 5/ Dried basis. 6/ Equivalent packinghouse-door returns for California, New York (apples only), Oregon (except peaches), and Washington. Price at point of first sale for other states. 7/ Based on "as sold" prices for fresh fruit in all states. 8/ Relates to prices including average conditional payments per ton made under the sugar acts of 1937 and 1948. Crop deficiency and abandonment payments not included. 9/ Prices In-Shell basis except almonds which are shelled basis. 10/ FOB shipping point price. 11/ Includes some processing. Marketing Year for Specified Commodities Cotton: August 1 to July 31 for United States and all States. Cottonseed: August 1 to February 28 for United States and all States. Rice: August 1 to July 31 for United States; July 1 to June 30 for Louisiana and Texas; August 1 to July 31 for Arkansas and Mississippi; October 1 to September 30 for California; September 1 to August 31 for Missouri. Cotton and Cottonseed Market Year Average Prices Received - States and United States: Marketing Years 2016 and 2017 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Cotton : :-----------------------------------------------: Cottonseed State : Pima : Upland : :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2016 : 2017 : 2016 : 2017 : 2016 : 2017 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -------------- dollars per lb -------------- dollars per ton : Alabama .......: (NA) (NA) 0.710 0.729 176.00 118.00 Arizona .......: (D) (D) 0.666 0.727 241.00 183.00 Arkansas ......: (NA) (NA) 0.685 0.710 209.00 152.00 California ....: (D) (D) (D) (D) 276.00 226.00 Florida .......: (NA) (NA) 0.678 0.729 157.00 100.00 Georgia .......: (NA) (NA) 0.720 0.750 167.00 116.00 Kansas ........: (NA) (NA) 0.690 (D) (D) 170.00 Louisiana .....: (NA) (NA) 0.698 0.715 203.00 160.00 Mississippi ...: (NA) (NA) 0.709 0.738 194.00 156.00 Missouri ......: (NA) (NA) 0.691 0.747 212.00 152.00 : New Mexico ....: (D) (D) 0.618 0.507 238.00 164.00 North Carolina : (NA) (NA) 0.658 0.709 184.00 118.00 Oklahoma ......: (NA) (NA) 0.681 0.712 172.00 116.00 South Carolina : (NA) (NA) 0.642 0.726 175.00 133.00 Tennessee .....: (NA) (NA) 0.695 0.680 211.00 137.00 Texas .........: 1.070 (D) 0.667 0.663 194.00 138.00 Virginia ......: (NA) (NA) 0.617 0.699 (D) 121.00 : United States .: 1.370 1.390 0.680 0.686 195.00 142.00 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. Upland Cotton Prices Received by Month - States and United States: Marketing Years 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2016-2017 State :----------------------------------------------------------------- : August :September : October : November : December :January 1/ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per pound : Alabama .......: (S) (S) 0.645 0.683 0.698 0.681 Arizona .......: (S) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) Arkansas ......: (S) 0.713 0.679 (D) (D) 0.668 California ....: (S) (S) (D) (D) (D) (D) Georgia .......: (S) 0.728 0.720 0.714 0.724 0.705 Louisiana .....: (S) (S) 0.677 0.693 0.688 0.680 Mississippi ...: (D) (D) 0.690 0.686 0.692 0.684 North Carolina : (D) (S) 0.625 0.621 0.651 0.690 Tennessee .....: (S) (D) 0.697 0.688 0.683 0.689 Texas .........: 0.673 0.653 0.633 0.660 0.663 0.664 : United States .: 0.673 0.670 0.660 0.672 0.679 0.670 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : February : March : April : May : June : July --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per pound : Alabama .......: 0.758 0.742 (D) (D) (D) (D) Arizona .......: (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) Arkansas ......: 0.681 0.703 0.720 (D) (D) (D) California ....: (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) Georgia .......: 0.715 0.716 (D) (D) (D) (D) Louisiana .....: 0.710 0.713 0.722 (D) (D) (D) Mississippi ...: 0.707 0.713 (D) (D) (D) (D) North Carolina : 0.680 0.702 0.698 (D) (D) (D) Tennessee .....: 0.698 0.717 0.709 (D) (D) (D) Texas .........: 0.679 0.682 0.683 0.673 0.670 0.638 : United States .: 0.688 0.692 0.693 0.699 0.704 0.730 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2017-2018 State :----------------------------------------------------------------- : August :September : October : November : December :January 1/ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per pound : Alabama .......: (S) (S) 0.558 0.683 0.716 0.729 Arizona .......: (S) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) Arkansas ......: (D) (S) 0.701 (D) (D) 0.713 California ....: (S) (S) (D) (D) (D) (D) Georgia .......: (S) (D) 0.721 0.716 0.754 0.747 Louisiana .....: (S) (S) 0.676 0.691 0.743 0.721 Mississippi ...: (D) (S) 0.715 0.691 0.704 0.717 North Carolina : (S) (D) 0.648 0.669 0.692 0.732 Tennessee .....: (D) (D) 0.600 (D) (D) (D) Texas .........: 0.647 0.637 0.657 0.662 0.665 0.677 : United States .: 0.648 0.641 0.665 0.673 0.686 0.689 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : February : March : April : May : June : July --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per pound : Alabama .......: 0.728 0.720 (D) (D) (D) (D) Arizona .......: (D) (D) (S) (S) (S) (S) Arkansas ......: (D) 0.756 (D) (D) (D) (D) California ....: (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) Georgia .......: 0.736 0.741 0.752 0.771 (D) (D) Louisiana .....: 0.736 (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) Mississippi ...: 0.739 (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) North Carolina : 0.737 0.740 (D) (D) (D) (D) Tennessee .....: (D) 0.741 0.720 (D) (D) (D) Texas .........: 0.665 0.664 0.634 0.650 0.731 0.687 : United States .: 0.681 0.683 0.677 0.696 0.757 0.768 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1/ Second year. Cottonseed Prices Received by Month - States and United States: Marketing Year 2017-2018 [Monthly prices available only for major cotton producing States] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : : : : State : August :September : October : November : December :January 1/: February : : : : : : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per ton : Alabama .......: (NA) 112.00 122.00 117.00 124.00 107.00 96.00 Arizona .......: (S) (S) 175.00 202.00 191.00 142.00 214.00 Arkansas ......: (NA) 138.00 152.00 152.00 (S) (S) (S) California ....: (S) (S) 264.00 241.00 240.00 138.00 239.00 Georgia .......: (NA) 111.00 111.00 115.00 115.00 131.00 129.00 Louisiana .....: (NA) 152.00 142.00 188.00 (S) (S) (S) Mississippi ...: (NA) 150.00 155.00 163.00 (D) (S) (S) North Carolina : (NA) 164.00 124.00 113.00 124.00 (D) (S) Tennessee .....: (NA) (S) (D) 130.00 (S) (S) (S) Texas .........: 127.00 123.00 128.00 141.00 142.00 143.00 143.00 : United States .: 127.00 127.00 141.00 144.00 143.00 139.00 156.00 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1/ Second year. Upland Cotton Marketings by Month - Marketing Years 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 [Marketings based on a survey of cotton buyers in the major producing States - Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Texas. Total may not add due to rounding] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Upland Cotton Month :----------------------------------------------------- : 2016-2017 : 2017-2018 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 bales : August ....................: 305 273 September .................: 433 431 October ...................: 784 948 November ..................: 2,328 2,411 December ..................: 1,928 3,656 January 1/ ................: 2,855 3,058 February ..................: 1,616 1,593 March .....................: 1,267 1,097 April .....................: 793 773 May .......................: 299 792 June ......................: 258 294 July ......................: 468 704 : Year ......................: 13,333 16,029 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Second year. Upland Cotton Marketing Percentages by Month - States and United States: Marketing Years 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 [Monthly farm marketings, based on a sample survey, as a percent of total used for calculating marketing year average prices] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State and : : : : : : : : : : : : Marketing : Aug : Sep : Oct : Nov : Dec : Jan 1/ : Feb : Mar : Apr : May : Jun : Jul Year : : : : : : : : : : : : ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : Alabama : 2016-2017 ....: - - 6.2 16.1 10.3 19.8 14.2 9.9 4.6 3.7 3.6 11.6 2017-2018 ....: - - 2.6 9.0 16.6 22.3 7.8 8.6 7.0 6.1 5.7 14.3 : Arizona : 2016-2017 ....: - 3.7 5.6 18.8 11.4 24.5 9.0 4.2 4.6 5.6 6.2 6.4 2017-2018 ....: - 1.2 4.3 20.1 26.3 32.0 15.9 0.2 - - - - : Arkansas : 2016-2017 ....: - 10.9 17.3 26.5 17.0 12.0 7.6 2.8 1.5 0.9 0.9 2.6 2017-2018 ....: - - 16.0 17.5 36.6 12.1 4.7 2.3 1.8 1.6 1.5 5.9 : California : 2016-2017 ....: - - 11.3 9.8 15.1 18.8 11.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 7.9 7.7 2017-2018 ....: - - 2.5 5.4 9.3 17.5 19.0 16.7 11.1 9.3 4.6 4.6 : Georgia : 2016-2017 ....: - - 5.1 18.6 20.1 15.9 9.0 7.8 5.0 4.2 4.1 10.2 2017-2018 ....: - 0.3 1.5 10.5 25.1 16.2 7.5 6.4 6.9 6.7 5.7 13.2 : Louisiana : 2016-2017 ....: - - 13.6 37.3 9.8 11.5 6.0 4.9 3.3 2.8 2.7 8.1 2017-2018 ....: - - 18.0 33.4 14.5 9.8 2.6 2.8 3.3 2.9 2.7 10.0 : Mississippi : 2016-2017 ....: - 0.2 3.3 10.5 15.4 13.1 10.3 10.6 7.1 6.0 5.8 17.7 2017-2018 ....: - - 3.6 10.1 14.9 11.2 7.2 7.2 8.4 9.3 7.0 21.1 : North Carolina : 2016-2017 ....: 0.1 - 4.8 34.9 18.3 11.8 6.3 8.9 3.5 2.9 2.8 5.7 2017-2018 ....: - - 4.2 22.7 27.3 15.6 8.8 2.6 3.0 2.7 2.5 10.6 : Tennessee : 2016-2017 ....: - 0.5 3.8 14.9 25.6 12.3 18.0 11.0 4.9 1.7 1.6 5.7 2017-2018 ....: 0.7 0.9 5.5 24.2 29.2 15.4 7.2 1.5 2.1 7.2 1.4 4.7 : Texas : 2016-2017 ....: 3.7 3.7 4.7 15.9 12.5 25.5 13.3 10.8 6.9 1.6 1.1 0.3 2017-2018 ....: 2.7 4.3 5.5 13.9 21.4 21.7 11.8 8.4 4.9 4.6 0.6 0.2 : United States : 2016-2017 ....: 2.3 3.2 5.9 17.5 14.5 21.5 12.1 9.5 5.9 2.2 1.9 3.5 2017-2018 ....: 1.7 2.7 5.9 15.0 22.8 19.1 9.9 6.9 4.8 5.0 1.8 4.4 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. 1/ Second year. All Rice Prices Received and Marketing Percentages by Month - United States: Marketing Years 2015-2016 through 2017-2018 [Marketing year average (MYA) prices are weighted average prices for the United States marketing year of August through July] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Prices received : Farm marketings 1/ Month :----------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2015-2016 : 2016-2017 :2017-2018 2/: 2015-2016 : 2016-2017 :2017-2018 2/ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------- dollars per cwt ------- ----------- 1,000 cwt ----------- : August ....: 12.00 11.70 11.30 11,079 8,327 10,290 September .: 11.90 10.60 11.50 12,368 10,006 10,475 October ...: 12.10 10.40 12.20 16,336 15,659 14,155 November ..: 12.40 10.50 13.30 13,433 15,632 14,111 December ..: 12.80 10.50 12.70 14,754 18,014 15,622 January 3/ : 13.30 10.90 13.40 17,810 19,681 20,769 February ..: 12.10 10.10 12.50 14,857 16,073 13,319 March .....: 11.80 10.10 12.50 13,562 18,776 13,737 April .....: 11.50 10.10 12.90 13,889 18,353 13,143 May .......: 11.70 10.20 12.60 13,754 16,874 11,910 June ......: 11.70 10.20 13.00 12,159 15,444 9,285 July ......: 12.10 10.80 13.30 13,103 14,096 9,315 : MYA .......: 12.20 10.40 12.70 167,104 186,935 156,131 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Purchases from producers as reported by private firms and rice (rough equivalent) shipped from producers as reported by cooperative mills. 2/ Prices and marketings include late reports and revised data for August 2017 - July 2018. Final monthly prices, marketings, and MYA price will be published in the January 2019 "Agricultural Prices" report. 3/ Second year. Long Grain Rice Prices Received and Marketing Percentages by Month - United States: Marketing Years 2015-2016 through 2017-2018 [Marketing year average (MYA) prices are weighted average prices for the United States marketing year of August through July] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Prices received : Farm marketings 1/ Month :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2015-2016 : 2016-2017 : 2017-2018 2/ : 2015-2016 : 2016-2017 : 2017-2018 2/ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------- dollars per cwt ---------- -------------- 1,000 cwt -------------- : August ....: 10.40 10.60 10.60 8,752 6,240 8,505 September .: 10.90 9.95 11.00 10,217 7,590 8,508 October ...: 11.50 9.65 11.00 12,797 11,847 10,155 November ..: 11.50 9.62 11.20 10,334 11,798 9,380 December ..: 11.40 9.69 11.40 10,457 13,484 11,437 January 3/ : 11.60 9.66 11.60 11,694 13,063 13,676 February ..: 11.60 9.41 11.70 11,980 12,831 10,085 March .....: 11.20 9.41 11.70 10,811 14,494 11,036 April .....: 10.90 9.20 11.80 11,059 14,382 10,061 May .......: 10.90 9.38 11.80 10,750 13,276 9,703 June ......: 10.80 9.54 11.90 9,057 12,720 7,052 July ......: 10.80 10.00 11.90 8,896 11,107 6,580 : MYA .......: 11.20 9.61 11.50 126,804 142,832 116,178 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Purchases from producers as reported by private firms and rice (rough equivalent) shipped from producers as reported by cooperative mills. 2/ Prices and marketings include late reports and revised data for August 2017 - July 2018. Final monthly prices, marketings, and MYA price will be published in the January 2019 "Agricultural Prices" report. 3/ Second year. Medium and Short Grain Rice Prices Received and Marketing Percentages by Month - United States: Marketing Years 2015-2016 through 2017-2018 [Marketing year average (MYA) prices are weighted average prices for the United States marketing year of August through July] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Prices received : Farm marketings 1/ Month :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2015-2016 : 2016-2017 : 2017-2018 2/ : 2015-2016 : 2016-2017 : 2017-2018 2/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------- dollars per cwt ---------- -------------- 1,000 cwt ------------- : August ......: 18.20 14.70 14.90 2,327 2,087 1,785 September ...: 16.50 12.70 13.60 2,151 2,416 1,967 October .....: 14.40 12.70 15.40 3,539 3,812 4,000 November ....: 15.60 13.30 17.60 3,099 3,834 4,731 December ....: 16.10 12.90 16.50 4,297 4,530 4,185 January 3/ ..: 16.60 13.30 16.80 6,116 6,618 7,093 February ....: 13.90 12.60 15.20 2,877 3,242 3,234 March .......: 14.30 12.40 15.70 2,751 4,282 2,701 April .......: 14.00 13.20 16.30 2,830 3,971 3,082 May .........: 14.50 13.40 16.40 3,004 3,598 2,207 June ........: 14.10 13.40 16.40 3,102 2,724 2,233 July ........: 14.70 13.70 16.80 4,207 2,989 2,735 : MYA .........: 15.30 13.10 16.20 40,300 44,103 39,953 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Purchases from producers as reported by private firms and rice (rough equivalent) shipped from producers as reported by cooperative mills. 2/ Prices and marketings include late reports and revised data for August 2017 - July 2018. Final monthly prices, marketings, and MYA price will be published in the January 2019 "Agricultural Prices" report. 3/ Second year. Medium and Short Grain Rice Prices Received by Month - California and Other States: Marketing Years 2016-2017 through 2017-2018 [Marketing year for California: October - September. Marketing Year for Other States: August - July. Other States include Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, and Texas] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : California : Other States Month :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2016-2017 : 2017-2018 1/ : 2016-2017 : 2017-2018 1/ 2/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ dollars per cwt ------ ------ dollars per cwt ------ : August ......: 16.80 15.50 10.00 11.00 September ...: 16.30 15.10 9.52 10.80 October .....: 14.00 18.20 10.40 11.00 November ....: 14.10 19.30 9.41 11.10 December ....: 13.90 18.80 10.50 11.30 January 3/ ..: 14.00 19.20 10.30 11.50 February ....: 13.90 18.40 9.93 12.30 March .......: 13.10 18.50 10.20 11.80 April .......: 14.00 18.40 10.10 12.30 May .........: 14.10 18.10 10.10 11.90 June ........: 14.30 18.30 10.40 12.50 July ........: 14.50 18.40 10.70 12.50 August ......: 15.50 18.80 11.00 14.00 September ...: 15.10 18.30 10.80 12.70 : MYA .........: 14.10 18.70 10.10 11.70 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Prices and marketings include late reports and revised data for August 2017 - August 2018. Final monthly prices, marketings, and MYA price for California will be published in the January 2019 "Agricultural Prices" report. 2/ Other States monthly prices for August 2016-July 2017 and 2016-2017 MYA price are final. 3/ Second year. Reliability of Prices Received Estimates Definition: Prices received represent sales from producers to first buyers. They include all grades and qualities. The average commodity price from the survey multiplied by the total quantity marketed theoretically should give the total cash receipts for the commodity. Survey procedures: Primary sales data used to determine grain prices were obtained from probability samples of about 1,900 mills and elevators. These procedures ensure that virtually all grain moving into commercial channels has a chance of being included in the survey. Generally, States surveyed account for 90 percent or more of total United States production. Livestock prices are obtained from packers, stockyards, auctions, dealers, and market check data from AMS-USDA, private marketing organizations, and state commodity groups and agencies. Inter-farm sales of grain and livestock are not included since they represent very small percentages of the total sales. Grain marketed for seed is also excluded. Fruit and vegetable prices are obtained from sample surveys and market check data from AMS-USDA, private marketing organizations, state agencies, and universities. Summary and estimation procedures: Survey quantities sold are expanded by strata to state levels and used to weight average strata prices to a state average. State prices are then weighted to a United States price based on expanded sales. Recommendations are prepared by the Regional Field Offices and reviewed by the Agricultural Statistics Board in Washington, D.C. State recommendations are reviewed for reasonableness with survey data, other States, and recent historic estimates. Revisions: In general, revisions are made during annual commodity market year estimation time, following five-year Census revisions, or when later information is received. Revisions are published in monthly issues of Agricultural Prices. Reliability: United States price estimates based on probability surveys generally have a sampling error of less than one percent for the major commodities such as corn, wheat, soybeans, cotton, and rice. Current methods of summarization for non-probability commodities are not designed directly to calculate sampling errors. However, analytical measures approximate the United States relative sampling errors at around five percent. Any non- sampling errors are attributed to such things as the inability to obtain correct information, differences in interpreting questions or definitions, mistakes in coding or processing the data, etc. Efforts are made at each step in the survey process to minimize these non-sampling errors. Program Changes: After the Council on Food, Agricultural and Resource Economics (C-FARE) 2009 program review which included changes in farm production practices, plans were implemented to make necessary program improvements in the agricultural price program. The index group structure for prices received was modified to maintain a more universal structure and consistency with the required 1910-1914 series. Modifications implemented January 2014 include the following: updated the current 1990-1992 base reference period to 2011; linked the 1910-1914 series to the updated base reference period, 2011; created index groups used universally by researchers, data users, and policymakers; and re-classified agricultural commodities into the index groups. Also the modifications expanded the commodity coverage for vegetable, melon, non-citrus, and tree nuts; updated monthly market weights; and adjusted (normalized) current five year moving average cash receipts and farm input cost weights. Modifications implemented January 2015 discontinued preliminary prices and replaced the annual average index with an annual index. The February 2016 program update changed the rounding of the 2011 base period indexes to nearest tenth of a percent. The 1910-1914 base period indexes remain rounded to the nearest whole number. See Price Program Links at end of this report for program change details. September Prices Paid by Farmers The September Prices Paid Index for Commodities and Services, Interest, Taxes, and Farm Wage Rates (PPITW), at 108.5, is down 0.2 percent from August 2018 but up 2.3 percent from September 2017. Production: The September index, at 105.7, is down 0.3 percent from August but up 1.8 percent from last year. Lower prices for concentrates, complete feeds, herbicides, and insecticides more than offset higher prices for feeder cattle, feeder pigs, LP gas, and hay and forages. Feed: At 96.2, the September index decreased 3.6 percent from August but increased 3.8 percent from last September. Since August, lower prices for concentrates, complete feeds, and supplements more than offset higher prices for hay and forages. Livestock and poultry: The September index, at 103.9, is up 3.2 percent from August but down 1.7 percent from last year. The September feeder pigs, at $70.00 per cwt, is up $20.00 from the August price. The September feeder cattle price, at $151.00 per cwt, is up $3.00 from August. Fertilizer: The index for September, at 66.4, is up 1.2 percent from August and 6.6 percent from September a year ago. Compared with August, the prices are higher for mixed fertilizer, nitrogen, and potash and phosphate. Chemicals: The September index, at 101.9, is down 3.2 percent from August but up 0.4 percent from last September. Fuels: At 72.0, the September index is up 2.6 percent from August and 7.6 percent from September 2017. Compared with August, prices are higher for LP gas and diesel. Machinery: The index for September, at 119.0, increased 0.1 percent from August and 1.1 percent from last September. Compared with last month, prices are higher for other machinery. Consumer Price Index: The September 2018 Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U), as issued by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, increased 2.3 percent over the last 12 months to an index level of 252.439 (1982- 1984=100). For the month, the index increased 0.1 percent prior to seasonal adjustment. Prices Paid Indexes and Related Parity Ratios - United States: September 2018 with Comparisons [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1910-1914 Base : 2011 Base Index Group :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- and : September : August : September : September : August : September Ratios : 2017 : 2018 : 2018 : 2017 : 2018 : 2018 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : Prices paid by farmers for : commodities, services, : interest, taxes, and wage : rates (PPITW) ...................: 2873 2942 2937 106.1 108.7 108.5 Production ....................: 2162 2207 2201 103.8 106.0 105.7 Feed ........................: 1021 1100 1060 92.7 99.8 96.2 Livestock and poultry .......: 2086 1989 2052 105.7 100.7 103.9 Seeds .......................: 3934 3885 3885 119.7 118.2 118.2 Fertilizer ..................: 751 790 800 62.3 65.6 66.4 Chemicals ...................: 912 946 915 101.5 105.3 101.9 Fuels .......................: 1872 1964 2014 66.9 70.2 72.0 Supplies and repairs ........: 1278 1329 1335 108.4 112.7 113.2 : Autos and trucks ............: 3224 3239 3227 104.9 105.4 105.0 Machinery ...................: 7195 7267 7274 117.7 118.9 119.0 Building materials ..........: 2580 2725 2731 110.9 117.2 117.4 Services and rent ...........: 2497 2481 2482 (NA) (NA) (NA) Services ....................: (NA) (NA) (NA) 113.3 115.1 115.2 Rent ........................: (NA) (NA) (NA) 123.8 119.5 119.5 : Interest 1/ ...................: 4092 4327 4327 112.2 118.7 118.7 Taxes 2/ ......................: 6904 6952 6952 116.3 117.1 117.1 Wage rates ....................: 8466 8780 8780 118.2 122.6 122.6 Family living-CPI 3/ ..........: 2345 2395 2398 109.7 112.1 112.2 : Production, interest, taxes, ....: and wage rates (PITW) .........: 2978 3050 3043 105.6 108.2 107.9 : Ratio (received/paid) ...........: (NA) (NA) (NA) 88 83 81 Parity ratio 4/ .................: 33 31 31 (NA) (NA) (NA) Parity ratio adjusted 5/ ........: 34 32 32 (NA) (NA) (NA) PPITW adjusted for : productivity 6/ ...............: 1486 1600 1599 (NA) (NA) (NA) : Crop sector (PPITW) .............: (NA) (NA) (NA) 107.8 110.1 110.1 Livestock sector (PPITW) ........: (NA) (NA) (NA) 104.4 107.1 106.7 : Farm sector (production) ........: (NA) (NA) (NA) 102.1 103.7 102.9 Non-farm sector (production) ....: (NA) (NA) (NA) 104.9 107.4 107.4 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Interest per acre on farm real estate debt and interest rate on farm non-real estate debt. 2/ Farm real estate taxes payable per acre. 3/ Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Price Index for all urban consumers (CPI-U), converted by the USDA. 4/ Ratio of index of prices received to PPITW (1910-1914=100). 5/ Based on estimated cash receipts, from marketings and government payments, the preliminary adjustment factor is 1.026 for 2018 and the revised factor is 1.026 for 2017. 6/ PPITW is adjusted based on productivity trend for the prior 15 years. Prices Paid Indexes and Annual Weights for Input Components and Sub-components - United States: September 2018 with Comparisons [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov. Relative weights are a five year moving average] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Relative weights : Indexes (2011=100) :------------------------------------------------------- Index Group : : :September: August :September : 2017 : 2018 : 2017 : 2018 : 2018 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : Production items ............: 74.9 73.5 103.8 106.0 105.7 : Feed ......................: 13.4 13.3 92.7 99.8 96.2 Feed grains .............: 1.9 1.9 55.8 57.9 57.9 Complete feeds ..........: 6.6 6.5 100.9 104.8 103.1 Hay and forages .........: 1.7 1.6 89.0 103.9 105.0 Concentrates ............: 2.1 2.1 96.3 112.8 95.2 Supplements .............: 1.1 1.2 106.3 111.3 109.6 Livestock and poultry .....: 10.3 8.2 105.7 100.7 103.9 Feeder cattle ...........: 8.0 6.4 108.7 107.7 110.4 Feeder pigs .............: 0.8 0.6 66.4 35.7 50.0 Milk cow replacements ...: 0.9 0.7 114.1 93.0 93.0 Poultry .................: 0.6 0.5 107.0 107.0 107.0 : Seeds .....................: 5.1 5.3 119.7 118.2 118.2 Field crops .............: 4.6 4.8 119.2 116.9 116.9 Grasses and legumes .....: 0.5 0.5 125.1 131.0 131.0 Fertilizer ................: 5.8 5.2 62.3 65.6 66.4 Mixed fertilizer ........: 2.6 2.3 65.9 67.7 68.4 Nitrogen ................: 2.4 2.2 59.3 64.5 65.1 Potash and phosphate ....: 0.8 0.7 60.4 62.2 64.1 Chemicals .................: 3.3 3.6 101.5 105.3 101.9 Herbicides ..............: 2.0 2.3 103.8 107.5 104.0 Insecticides ............: 0.8 0.8 100.4 103.7 100.3 Fungicides and other ....: 0.5 0.5 93.0 97.8 94.6 : Fuels .....................: 2.5 2.4 66.9 70.2 72.0 Diesel ..................: 1.6 1.5 59.4 65.4 66.3 Gasoline ................: 0.5 0.5 69.4 70.5 70.5 LP gas ..................: 0.4 0.4 91.6 87.6 95.1 Supplies and repairs ......: 4.4 4.6 108.4 112.7 113.2 Supplies ................: 1.5 1.6 108.1 112.4 113.3 Repairs .................: 2.9 3.0 108.5 112.8 113.1 Autos and trucks ..........: 1.2 1.3 104.9 105.4 105.0 Autos ...................: 0.1 0.2 98.6 99.7 99.7 Trucks ..................: 1.1 1.1 105.8 106.2 105.8 : Machinery .................: 5.6 5.6 117.7 118.9 119.0 Tractors ................: 1.2 1.2 112.2 112.4 112.4 Self-propelled ..........: 2.3 2.3 121.0 122.1 122.1 Other machinery .........: 2.1 2.1 117.5 119.3 119.6 Building materials ........: 3.9 4.0 110.9 117.2 117.4 Services ..................: 11.5 12.1 113.3 115.1 115.2 Custom rates ............: 1.2 1.3 114.3 113.3 113.3 Other services ..........: 10.3 10.8 113.2 115.2 115.4 Rent ......................: 7.9 7.9 123.8 119.5 119.5 Cash ....................: 4.3 4.2 130.4 126.1 126.1 Share ...................: 3.6 3.7 116.1 111.8 111.8 : Interest ....................: 2.2 2.4 112.2 118.7 118.7 Taxes .......................: 3.2 3.3 116.3 117.1 117.1 Wage rates ..................: 6.5 7.1 118.2 122.6 122.6 Family living-CPI ...........: 13.2 13.7 109.7 112.1 112.2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Feed Price Ratios - United States: September 2018 with Comparisons ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Feed price ratio 1/ :September 2017: August 2018 :September 2018 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Broiler-feed: pounds of broiler grower feed equal : in value to 1 pound of broiler, live weight 2/ ......: 5.1 5.2 4.8 : Market egg feed: pounds of laying feed equal in : value to 1 dozen eggs 3/ ............................: 10.9 11.0 8.7 : Hog-corn: bushels of corn equal in value to : 100 pounds of hog, live weight ......................: 15.0 13.2 12.7 : Milk-feed: pounds of 16% mixed dairy feed equal : in value to 1 pound of whole milk 4/ ................: 2.46 2.03 2.10 : Steer & heifer-corn: bushels of corn equal : in value to 100 pounds of steer & heifers, : live weight .......................................: 32.7 33.3 32.4 : Turkey-feed: pounds of turkey grower equal in : value to 1 pound of turkey, live weight 5/ ..........: 6.9 5.8 5.9 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Effective January 1995, prices of commercial prepared feeds are based on current United States prices received for corn, soybeans, alfalfa hay, and all wheat. 2/ The price of commercial prepared broiler feed is based on current United States prices received for corn and soybeans. The modeled feed uses 58 percent corn and 42 percent soybeans. 3/ The price of commercial prepared layer feed is based on current United States prices received for corn and soybeans. The modeled feed uses 75 percent corn and 25 percent soybeans. 4/ The price of commercial prepared dairy feed is based on current United States prices received for corn, soybeans, and alfalfa. The modeled feed uses 51 percent corn, 8 percent soybeans, and 41 percent alfalfa. 5/ The price of commercial prepared turkey feed is based on current United States prices received for corn, soybeans, and wheat. The modeled feed uses 51 percent corn, 28 percent soybeans, and 21 percent wheat. Prices Received Used to Calculate Feed Price Ratios - United States: September 2018 with Comparisons [Price data source for livestock and poultry commodities is United States Department of Agriculture's Agriculture Marketing Service] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Item :September 2017: August 2018 :September 2018 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars : Broilers, live ................pound: 0.510 0.490 0.460 Eggs, market ..................dozen: 0.901 0.892 0.712 : Hogs, all .......................cwt: 48.90 44.30 43.20 Milk, all .......................cwt: 17.90 15.90 16.70 : Steers and heifers ..............cwt: 107.00 112.00 110.00 Turkeys, live .................pound: 0.623 0.517 0.531 : Corn .........................bushel: 3.27 3.36 3.39 Hay, alfalfa ....................ton: 149.00 177.00 180.00 : Soybeans .....................bushel: 9.35 8.59 8.77 Wheat, all ...................bushel: 4.65 5.30 5.15 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Paid for Feeder Livestock - United States: September 2018 with Comparisons [Price data source is United States Department of Agriculture's Agriculture Marketing Service] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Item :September 2017: August 2018 :September 2018 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars : Feeder cattle & calves ..........cwt: 149.00 148.00 151.00 Feeder pigs .....................cwt: 93.00 50.00 70.00 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Reliability of Prices Paid Estimates Definition: Prices paid by farmers represent the average costs of inputs purchased by farmers and ranchers to produce agricultural commodities. Conceptually, the average price when multiplied by quantity purchased should equal total producer expenditures for the item. Survey procedures: The prices paid data are obtained from establishments that sell goods and services to farmers and ranchers. Annually, about 8,500 firms are randomly selected from lists by type of item sold with an average response rate in the range of 75-80 percent. Firms are asked to report the price for the specified item "most commonly bought by farmers" or that was the "volume seller". Approximately 135 items are surveyed each March to represent all production input items purchased. The survey reference period for most items is the five business days centered at the 15th of the month. Separate prices paid surveys are conducted for agricultural chemicals, fuels, feed, fertilizer, machinery, and seed. Summary and estimation procedures: The annual March Prices Paid Survey is summarized as a non-probability survey. Average prices reported are aggregated to the region and United States level using weights available from expenditure data and other administrative sources. Price recommendations are prepared by the Regional Field Offices and Headquarters for review by the Agricultural Statistics Board in Washington, D.C. Also, the change in price level for individual items surveyed are combined to the regional and United States levels, and are published as prices paid indexes referenced to a specific base period. Prices paid indexes for new autos and trucks, building materials, farm supplies, motor supplies, and marketing containers are updated based on price changes measured in selected Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) indexes. Revisions: Any revisions are published in the monthly and in annual issues of Agricultural Prices. The basis for revision must be supported by additional data that directly affect the level of the estimate. More revisions are likely for March when separate prices paid surveys are conducted, in lieu of BLS indexes, by the USDA to measure price change. Reliability: Current methods of summarization for the March data are not designed directly to calculate sampling errors. However, analytical measures approximate the United States relative sampling errors for major items around 10 percent. Any non-sampling errors are attributed to such things as the inability to obtain correct information, differences in interpreting questions or definitions, mistakes in coding or processing the data, etc. Efforts are made at each step in the survey process to minimize these non- sampling errors. Program change: Effective January 2014, the National Agricultural Statistics Service modified the five-year moving weights and updated the base reference period. In January 2015, publication of preliminary prices was suspended, and the annual average index was replaced by an annual index. As of January 2014, the 1990-1992 base reference period was updated to 2011. Five-year moving average weights are adjusted (normalized) to minimize the effects of price changes. The 1910-1914=100 price indexes, required by statute for computing parity prices, were linked forward based on the changes in the new 2011=100 indexes. The new indexes were constructed by multiplying the ratios of the current prices to the base period prices by the moving average weights. Modifications implemented January 2015 discontinued preliminary prices and replaced the annual average index with an annual index. The April 2015 program update discontinued publication of the annual March survey prices paid data. The February 2016 program update changed the rounding of the 2011 base period indexes to nearest tenth of a percent. The 1910-1914 base period indexes remain rounded to the nearest whole number. See Price Program Links at end of this report for program change details. Information Contacts General Jody McDaniel, Chief, Environmental, Economics, and Demographics Branch.................................. (202) 720-6146 Crop Prices Received Lance Honig, Chief, Crops Branch ........................................................................ (202) 720-2127 Chris Hawthorn, Head, Field Crops Section................................................................ (202) 720-2127 Chris Hawthorn - Corn, Flaxseed, Proso Millet.......................................................... (202) 720-9526 James Johanson - County Estimates, Hay................................................................. (202) 690-8533 Jeff Lemmons - Oats, Soybeans.......................................................................... (202) 690-3234 Jannety Mosley - Barley, Crop Weather.................................................................. (202) 720-7621 Sammy Neal - Peanuts, Rice............................................................................. (202) 720-7688 Jean Porter - Rye, Wheat............................................................................... (202) 720-8068 Chris Singh - Cotton, Cotton Ginnings, Sorghum......................................................... (202) 720-5944 Travis Thorson - Canola, Mustard Seed, Rapeseed, Safflower, Sunflower.................................. (202) 720-7369 Jorge Garcia-Pratts, Head, Fruits, Vegetables, and Special Crops Section................................. (202) 720-2127 Vincent Davis - Apricots, Bananas, Cherries, Garlic, Lettuce, Mint, Papaya, Pears, Strawberries, Tomatoes ............................................................................................ (202) 720-2157 Fleming Gibson - Avocados, Cauliflower, Celery, Citrus, Coffee, Dates, Figs, Kiwifruit, Nectarines, Olives, Green Peas, Taro, Watermelons ................................................... (202) 720-5412 Greg Lemmons - Blackberries, Blueberries, Boysenberries, Cranberries, Cucumbers, Potatoes, Pumpkins, Raspberries, Squash, Sugar Beets, Sugarcane, Sweet Potatoes ............................... (202) 720-4285 Dan Norris - Artichokes, Austrian Winter Peas, Cantaloupes, Dry Beans, Dry Edible Peas, Honeydews, Lentils, Mushrooms, Peaches, Snap Beans................................................... (202) 720-3250 Daphne Schauber - Bell Peppers, Broccoli, Cabbage, Chile Peppers, Floriculture, Grapes, Hops, Maple Syrup, Tree Nuts, Spinach...................................................................... (202) 720-4215 Chris Singh - Apples, Asparagus, Carrots, Lima Beans, Onions, Plums, Prunes, Sweet Corn, Tobacco.............................................................................................. (202) 720-5944 Livestock Prices Received Travis Averill, Chief, Livestock Branch.................................................................. (202) 720-3570 Scott Hollis, Head, Livestock Section.................................................................... (202) 720-3570 Holly Brenize - Sheep and Goats........................................................................ (202) 720-0585 Heidi Gleich - Cattle and Cattle on Feed............................................................... (202) 720-3040 Mike Miller - Milk, Milk Cows.......................................................................... (202) 720-3278 Seth Riggins - Hogs and Pigs........................................................................... (202) 720-3106 Tony Dorn, Head, Poultry and Specialty Commodities Section............................................... (202) 690-3223 Fatema Haque - Broilers................................................................................ (202) 720-3244 Kim Linonis - Eggs..................................................................................... (202) 690-3676 Adam Peters - Turkeys.................................................................................. (202) 690-3237 Erica Sadler - Honey................................................................................... (202) 720-6147 Indexes, Prices Paid, and Parity Prices Jody McDaniel, Chief, Environmental, Economics, and Demographics Branch.................................. (202) 720-6146 Bruce Boess, Head, Economics Section..................................................................... (202) 720-4447 Daryl Brinkman - Prices Received Indexes, Parity Prices................................................ (202) 720-8844 Kuan Chen - Prices Received Indexes, Parity Prices, Prices Paid Indexes, Prices Paid for Feed, Fertilizer, Chemicals, Seeds, Fuels, Farm Supplies and Repairs, Farm Machinery, Feeder Livestock, Poultry Chicks, Feed Price Ratios.................................................................... (202) 690-3347 Stephen Habets - Prices Received Indexes, Parity Prices................................................ (202) 720-9168 Access to NASS Reports For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways: All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: www.nass.usda.gov Both national and state specific reports are available via a free e- mail subscription. To set-up this free subscription, visit www.nass.usda.gov and click on "National" or "State" in upper right corner above "search" box to create an account and select the reports you would like to receive. For more information on NASS surveys and reports, call the NASS Agricultural Statistics Hotline at (800) 727-9540, 7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET, or e-mail: nass@nass.usda.gov. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination against its customers, employees, and applicants for employment on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, sex, gender identity, religion, reprisal, and where applicable, political beliefs, marital status, familial or parental status, sexual orientation, or all or part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program, or protected genetic information in employment or in any program or activity conducted or funded by the Department. (Not all prohibited bases will apply to all programs and/or employment activities.) If you wish to file a Civil Rights program complaint of discrimination, complete the USDA Program Discrimination Complaint Form (PDF), found online at www.ascr.usda.gov/filing-program-discrimination-complaint-usda-customer, or at any USDA office, or call (866) 632-9992 to request the form. You may also write a letter containing all of the information requested in the form. Send your completed complaint form or letter to us by mail at U.S. Department of Agriculture, Director, Office of Adjudication, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410, by fax (202) 690-7442 or email at program.intake@usda.gov. Price Program Links Economics and Prices http://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_Subject/Economics_and_Prices/index.php January 2014 Price Program Update http://www.nass.usda.gov/Surveys/Guide_to_NASS_Surveys/Prices/updates.pdf January 2015 Price Program Update http://www.nass.usda.gov/Surveys/Guide_to_NASS_Surveys/Prices/update2015.pdf April 2015 Price Program Update http://www.nass.usda.gov/Surveys/Guide_to_NASS_Surveys/Prices/updateApr2015.p df February 2016 Price Program Update http://www.nass.usda.gov/Surveys/Guide_to_NASS_Surveys/Prices/updateFeb2016.p df