Crop Production ISSN: 1936-3737 Released October 9, 2026, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Corn production for grain is forecast at 16.0 billion bushels, up 1 percent from the previous forecast but down 5 percent from 2025. If realized, this would be the second highest grain production on record for the Nation. The average yield is forecast at 181.2 bushels per acre, up 2.7 bushels from the previous forecast and but down 5.3 bushels from 2025. Soybean production for beans is forecast at a record high 4.56 billion bushels, up 1 percent from the previous forecast and up 7 percent from 2025. Yields are expected to average a record high 53.1 bushels per acre, up 0.3 bushel from the previous forecast and up 0.1 bushel from 2025. All cotton production is forecast at 13.4 million 480-pound bales, up 2 percent from the previous forecast but down 3 percent from 2025. The average yield is forecast at 790 pounds per harvested acre, up 14 pounds from the previous forecast but down 62 pounds from 2025. This report was approved on October 9, 2026. Secretary of Agriculture Designate Dudley Hoskins Agricultural Statistics Board Chairperson Lance Honig Contents Corn for Grain Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2025 and Forecasted October 1, 2026........................................................................................................ 6 Corn Production - United States Chart.................................................................................. 7 Sorghum for Grain Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2025 and Forecasted October 1, 2026........................................................................................................ 8 Rice Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2025 and Forecasted October 1, 2026............. 9 Rice Production by Class - United States: 2025 and Forecasted October 1, 2026.......................................... 9 Soybeans for Beans Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2025 and Forecasted October 1, 2026........................................................................................................ 10 Soybean Production - United States Chart............................................................................... 11 Sunflower Area Planted and Harvested by Type - States and United States: 2025 and 2026................................. 12 Sunflower Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Type - States and United States: 2025 and Forecasted October 1, 2026........................................................................................................ 13 Peanut Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2025 and Forecasted October 1, 2026........................................................................................................ 14 Canola Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2025 and 2026............................................ 15 Canola Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2025 and Forecasted October 1, 2026........................................................................................................ 15 Cotton Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Type - States and United States: 2025 and Forecasted October 1, 2026........................................................................................................ 16 Cottonseed Production - United States: 2025 and Forecasted October 1, 2026............................................. 17 Cotton Production - United States Chart................................................................................ 17 Alfalfa and Alfalfa Mixtures for Hay Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2025 and Forecasted October 1, 2026......................................................................................... 18 All Other Hay Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2025 and Forecasted October 1, 2026........................................................................................................ 19 Sugarbeet Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2025 and Forecasted October 1, 2026........................................................................................................ 20 Sugarcane for Sugar and Seed Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2025 and Forecasted October 1, 2026............................................................................................. 20 Dry Edible Bean Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2025 and 2026................................... 21 Dry Edible Bean Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2025 and Forecasted October 1, 2026.. 21 Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2025 and Forecasted October 1, 2026........................................................................................................ 22 Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Class and Type - States and United States: 2025 and Forecasted October 1, 2026............................................................................................. 23 Utilized Production of Citrus Fruits by Crop - States and United States: 2025-2026 and Forecasted October 1, 2026........................................................................................................ 24 Utilized Production of Walnuts - States and United States: 2025 and Forecasted October 1, 2026......................... 25 Pecan Production by Variety - States and United States: 2025 and Forecasted October 1, 2026............................ 25 Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2025 and 2026................ 26 Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2025 and 2026.................. 28 Fruits and Nuts Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2026 and 2027............................................ 30 Fruits and Nuts Production in Metric Units - United States: 2026 and 2027.............................................. 31 Corn for Grain Plant Population per Acre - Selected States: 2022-2026.................................................. 32 Corn for Grain Number of Ears per Acre - Selected States: 2022-2026.................................................... 33 Corn Objective Yield Percent of Samples Processed in the Lab - United States: 2022-2026................................ 33 Soybean Pods with Beans per 18 Square Feet - Selected States: 2022-2026................................................ 34 Soybean Objective Yield Percent of Samples Processed in the Lab - United States: 2022-2026............................. 34 Cotton Cumulative Boll Counts - Selected States: 2022-2026............................................................. 35 Percent of Normal Precipitation Map.................................................................................... 36 Departure from Normal Temperature Map.................................................................................. 36 September Weather Summary.............................................................................................. 37 September Agricultural Summary......................................................................................... 38 Crop Comments.......................................................................................................... 40 Statistical Methodology................................................................................................ 44 Reliability of October 1 Crop Production Forecast...................................................................... 45 Information Contacts................................................................................................... 46 This page intentionally left blank. Corn for Grain Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2025 and Forecasted October 1, 2026 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production :---------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : 2026 : : : 2025 : 2026 : 2025 :-----------------------: 2025 : 2026 : : : :September 1: October 1 : : ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres ---------- bushels ---------- --- 1,000 bushels --- : Alabama .........: 330 345 152.0 150.0 155.0 50,160 53,475 Arkansas ........: 790 740 182.0 188.0 193.0 143,780 142,820 Colorado ........: 1,230 1,170 133.0 97.0 97.0 163,590 113,490 Delaware ........: 172 172 191.0 197.0 188.0 32,852 32,336 Georgia .........: 505 515 187.0 172.0 170.0 94,435 87,550 Idaho ...........: 145 125 209.0 198.0 194.0 30,305 24,250 Illinois ........: 10,950 10,950 214.0 209.0 208.0 2,343,300 2,277,600 Indiana .........: 5,240 5,160 204.0 200.0 200.0 1,068,960 1,032,000 Iowa ............: 13,150 12,800 210.0 219.0 219.0 2,761,500 2,803,200 Kansas ..........: 6,450 6,550 145.0 121.0 125.0 935,250 818,750 : Kentucky ........: 1,420 1,425 167.0 191.0 193.0 237,140 275,025 Louisiana .......: 790 585 193.0 177.0 171.0 152,470 100,035 Maryland ........: 410 415 171.0 170.0 174.0 70,110 72,210 Michigan ........: 1,980 1,950 178.0 173.0 180.0 352,440 351,000 Minnesota .......: 8,440 8,300 201.0 195.0 195.0 1,696,440 1,618,500 Mississippi .....: 865 720 180.0 191.0 196.0 155,700 141,120 Missouri ........: 3,640 3,470 185.0 181.0 181.0 673,400 628,070 Nebraska ........: 10,390 9,610 194.0 177.0 188.0 2,015,660 1,806,680 New York ........: 435 535 140.0 162.0 161.0 60,900 86,135 North Carolina ..: 905 860 144.0 120.0 121.0 130,320 104,060 : North Dakota ....: 4,490 4,450 158.0 130.0 132.0 709,420 587,400 Ohio ............: 3,150 3,230 184.0 194.0 200.0 579,600 646,000 Oklahoma ........: 485 490 122.0 100.0 100.0 59,170 49,000 Pennsylvania ....: 645 710 151.0 165.0 165.0 97,395 117,150 South Carolina ..: 370 335 138.0 99.0 92.0 51,060 30,820 South Dakota ....: 6,350 5,840 171.0 145.0 151.0 1,085,850 881,840 Tennessee .......: 865 880 162.0 181.0 189.0 140,130 166,320 Texas ...........: 2,140 2,120 135.0 114.0 122.0 288,900 258,640 Virginia ........: 355 345 168.0 162.0 167.0 59,640 57,615 Washington ......: 125 125 251.0 234.0 229.0 31,375 28,625 Wisconsin .......: 3,210 3,100 188.0 180.0 182.0 603,480 564,200 : Other States 1/ .: 526 484 169.0 161.2 161.2 88,896 78,028 : United States ...: 90,948 88,506 186.5 178.5 181.2 16,963,628 16,033,944 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Other States include Arizona, California, Florida, Montana, New Jersey, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, West Virginia, and Wyoming. Individual State level estimates will be published in the "Crop Production 2026 Summary." Sorghum for Grain Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2025 and Forecasted October 1, 2026 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production :------------------------------------------------------------------------------ State : : : : 2026 : : : 2025 : 2026 : 2025 :-----------------------: 2025 : 2026 : : : :September 1: October 1 : : --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres --------- bushels --------- 1,000 bushels : Colorado ...........: 500 410 52.0 28.0 32.0 26,000 13,120 Kansas .............: 2,800 2,450 90.0 67.0 65.0 252,000 159,250 Nebraska ...........: 205 165 87.0 78.0 85.0 17,835 14,025 Oklahoma ...........: 405 340 58.0 36.0 39.0 23,490 13,260 South Dakota .......: 210 160 80.0 74.0 72.0 16,800 11,520 Texas ..............: 1,900 1,700 53.0 42.0 47.0 100,700 79,900 : United States ......: 6,020 5,225 72.6 54.4 55.7 436,825 291,075 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Rice Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2025 and Forecasted October 1, 2026 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : 2026 : : : 2025 : 2026 : 2025 :-------------------------: 2025 : 2026 : : : :September 1 : October 1 : : ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres ------------ pounds ----------- ---- 1,000 cwt --- : Arkansas .....: 1,250 886 7,480 7,500 7,500 93,449 66,450 California ...: 521 498 8,450 8,750 8,700 44,024 43,326 Louisiana ....: 465 394 6,660 6,750 6,700 30,963 26,398 Mississippi ..: 157 49 7,430 7,400 7,400 11,665 3,626 Missouri .....: 208 112 7,630 7,900 7,900 15,867 8,848 Texas ........: 139 118 7,730 7,700 7,700 10,739 9,086 : United States : 2,740 2,057 7,544 7,690 7,668 206,707 157,734 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Includes sweet rice production. Rice Production by Class - United States: 2025 and Forecasted October 1, 2026 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : Year : Long grain : Medium grain : Short grain 1/ : All : : : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 cwt : 2025 .......: 153,296 50,953 2,458 206,707 2026 2/ ....: 103,245 52,256 2,233 157,734 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Sweet rice production included with short grain. 2/ The 2026 rice production by class forecasts are based on class harvested acreage estimates and the 5-year average class yield compared to the all rice yield. Soybeans for Beans Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2025 and Forecasted October 1, 2026 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production :------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : 2026 : : : 2025 : 2026 : 2025 :-----------------------: 2025 : 2026 : : : :September 1: October 1 : : ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres --------- bushels --------- -- 1,000 bushels -- : Alabama .........: 290 295 37.0 47.0 39.0 10,730 11,505 Arkansas ........: 2,570 3,430 55.0 57.0 59.0 141,350 202,370 Delaware ........: 138 148 49.0 50.0 48.0 6,762 7,104 Georgia .........: 145 170 49.0 48.0 46.0 7,105 7,820 Illinois ........: 10,230 10,430 62.5 66.0 68.0 639,375 709,240 Indiana .........: 5,430 5,630 59.5 63.0 63.0 323,085 354,690 Iowa ............: 9,380 9,730 63.5 64.0 63.0 595,630 612,990 Kansas ..........: 4,050 4,690 48.5 35.0 33.0 196,425 154,770 Kentucky ........: 1,780 1,840 42.0 53.0 54.0 74,760 99,360 Louisiana .......: 770 1,020 53.5 53.0 55.0 41,195 56,100 : Maryland ........: 460 445 44.0 45.0 50.0 20,240 22,250 Michigan ........: 2,070 2,190 48.5 48.0 51.0 100,395 111,690 Minnesota .......: 7,070 7,330 52.5 49.0 49.0 371,175 359,170 Mississippi .....: 1,790 2,300 56.0 61.0 59.0 100,240 135,700 Missouri ........: 5,530 5,880 50.0 50.0 48.0 276,500 282,240 Nebraska ........: 4,790 5,290 65.5 60.0 59.0 313,745 312,110 New Jersey ......: 99 98 39.0 42.0 42.0 3,861 4,116 New York ........: 295 315 40.0 50.0 50.0 11,800 15,750 North Carolina ..: 1,610 1,580 36.0 42.0 41.0 57,960 64,780 North Dakota ....: 6,490 6,790 34.5 30.0 32.0 223,905 217,280 : Ohio ............: 4,880 4,930 53.0 59.0 62.0 258,640 305,660 Oklahoma ........: 350 500 29.0 27.0 23.0 10,150 11,500 Pennsylvania ....: 570 580 44.0 49.0 49.0 25,080 28,420 South Carolina ..: 350 345 31.0 35.0 36.0 10,850 12,420 South Dakota ....: 5,060 5,400 47.0 42.0 42.0 237,820 226,800 Tennessee .......: 1,520 1,620 42.0 50.0 54.0 63,840 87,480 Texas ...........: 90 95 32.0 32.0 32.0 2,880 3,040 Virginia ........: 590 590 38.0 42.0 43.0 22,420 25,370 Wisconsin .......: 2,020 2,220 56.0 55.0 54.0 113,120 119,880 : United States ...: 80,417 85,881 53.0 52.8 53.1 4,261,038 4,561,605 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Sunflower Area Planted and Harvested by Type - States and United States: 2025 and 2026 [Includes updates to planted and harvested area previously published] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Varietal type : Area planted : Area harvested and State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2025 : 2026 : 2025 : 2026 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres : Oil : California .......: 14.0 20.0 14.0 19.5 Colorado .........: 36.0 40.0 35.0 37.0 Kansas ...........: 25.0 21.5 24.0 20.0 Minnesota ........: 81.0 97.0 80.0 95.0 Nebraska .........: 36.0 22.0 34.5 21.0 North Dakota .....: 510.0 555.0 500.0 545.0 South Dakota .....: 430.0 450.0 420.0 435.0 Texas ............: 57.0 32.0 54.0 29.0 : United States ....: 1,189.0 1,237.5 1,161.5 1,201.5 : Non-oil : California .......: 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.5 Colorado .........: 3.5 2.0 3.0 1.5 Kansas ...........: 0.5 1.0 0.5 1.0 Minnesota ........: 3.3 8.0 3.1 7.5 Nebraska .........: 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.1 North Dakota .....: 65.0 71.0 61.0 67.0 South Dakota .....: 20.0 24.0 19.5 22.5 Texas ............: 5.3 6.5 3.7 5.0 : United States ....: 100.2 115.2 93.4 107.1 : All : California .......: 14.3 20.5 14.3 20.0 Colorado .........: 39.5 42.0 38.0 38.5 Kansas ...........: 25.5 22.5 24.5 21.0 Minnesota ........: 84.3 105.0 83.1 102.5 Nebraska .........: 38.3 24.2 36.8 23.1 North Dakota .....: 575.0 626.0 561.0 612.0 South Dakota .....: 450.0 474.0 439.5 457.5 Texas ............: 62.3 38.5 57.7 34.0 : United States ....: 1,289.2 1,352.7 1,254.9 1,308.6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Forecasted. Sunflower Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Type - States and United States: 2025 and Forecasted October 1, 2026 [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Varietal type : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production and State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2025 : 2026 : 2025 : 2026 1/ : 2025 : 2026 1/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : --- 1,000 acres --- ----- pounds ---- ---- 1,000 pounds --- : Oil : California .....: 14.0 19.5 1,400 19,600 Colorado .......: 35.0 37.0 1,100 38,500 Kansas .........: 24.0 20.0 1,560 37,440 Minnesota ......: 80.0 95.0 2,200 176,000 Nebraska .......: 34.5 21.0 1,120 38,640 North Dakota ...: 500.0 545.0 1,940 970,000 South Dakota ...: 420.0 435.0 1,960 823,200 Texas ..........: 54.0 29.0 750 40,500 : United States ..: 1,161.5 1,201.5 1,846 2,143,880 : Non-oil : California .....: 0.3 0.5 1,150 345 Colorado .......: 3.0 1.5 1,100 3,300 Kansas .........: 0.5 1.0 1,250 625 Minnesota ......: 3.1 7.5 1,750 5,425 Nebraska .......: 2.3 2.1 770 1,771 North Dakota ...: 61.0 67.0 2,100 128,100 South Dakota ...: 19.5 22.5 2,300 44,850 Texas ..........: 3.7 5.0 2,000 7,400 : United States ..: 93.4 107.1 2,054 191,816 : All : California .....: 14.3 20.0 1,395 1,394 19,945 27,875 Colorado .......: 38.0 38.5 1,100 1,004 41,800 38,650 Kansas .........: 24.5 21.0 1,554 1,102 38,065 23,150 Minnesota ......: 83.1 102.5 2,183 1,889 181,425 193,625 Nebraska .......: 36.8 23.1 1,098 1,032 40,411 23,835 North Dakota ...: 561.0 612.0 1,957 1,740 1,098,100 1,064,700 South Dakota ...: 439.5 457.5 1,975 1,959 868,050 896,400 Texas ..........: 57.7 34.0 830 1,074 47,900 36,500 : United States ..: 1,254.9 1,308.6 1,861 1,761 2,335,696 2,304,735 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ 2026 yield and production estimates for oil and non-oil varieties will be published in the "Crop Production 2026 Summary." Peanut Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2025 and Forecasted October 1, 2026 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested State :--------------------------------------------------------------- : 2025 : 2026 : 2025 : 2026 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Alabama ........: 195.0 142.0 192.0 139.0 Arkansas .......: 48.0 40.0 47.0 39.0 Florida ........: 177.0 134.0 169.0 126.0 Georgia ........: 915.0 670.0 910.0 660.0 Mississippi ....: 21.0 13.0 20.0 12.0 Missouri .......: 27.0 25.0 26.0 24.0 North Carolina .: 140.0 128.0 139.0 127.0 Oklahoma .......: 19.0 11.0 18.0 10.0 South Carolina .: 90.0 71.0 87.0 68.0 Texas ..........: 285.0 149.0 254.0 123.0 Virginia .......: 33.0 30.0 33.0 30.0 : United States ..: 1,950.0 1,413.0 1,895.0 1,358.0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield per acre : Production State :--------------------------------------------------------------- : : 2026 : : : 2025 :-------------------------: 2025 : 2026 : :September 1 : October 1 : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----------- pounds ----------- ---- 1,000 pounds ---- : Alabama ........: 3,400 3,100 3,000 652,800 417,000 Arkansas .......: 5,000 4,700 4,700 235,000 183,300 Florida ........: 3,790 3,800 3,700 640,510 466,200 Georgia ........: 4,030 4,200 4,050 3,667,300 2,673,000 Mississippi ....: 4,000 3,600 3,600 80,000 43,200 Missouri .......: 5,230 4,900 4,800 135,980 115,200 North Carolina .: 3,780 4,100 4,100 525,420 520,700 Oklahoma .......: 4,300 3,800 3,700 77,400 37,000 South Carolina .: 3,550 3,900 3,900 308,850 265,200 Texas ..........: 2,490 2,350 2,150 632,460 264,450 Virginia .......: 4,330 4,300 4,300 142,890 129,000 : United States ..: 3,746 3,879 3,766 7,098,610 5,114,250 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Canola Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2025 and 2026 [Includes updates to planted and harvested area previously published] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area planted : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2025 : 2026 : 2025 : 2026 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres : Idaho ............: 82.0 98.0 80.0 96.0 Kansas ...........: 10.5 13.0 8.0 10.5 Minnesota ........: 115.0 170.0 113.0 168.0 Montana ..........: 155.0 185.0 147.0 175.0 North Dakota .....: 1,810.0 2,330.0 1,800.0 2,310.0 Oklahoma .........: 16.0 27.0 11.0 19.0 Washington .......: 150.0 190.0 147.0 187.0 : United States ....: 2,338.5 3,013.0 2,306.0 2,965.5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Forecasted. Canola Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2025 and Forecasted October 1, 2026 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2025 : 2026 : 2025 : 2026 : 2025 : 2026 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : --- 1,000 acres --- ----- pounds ---- ---- 1,000 pounds --- : Idaho ........: 80.0 96.0 1,800 1,900 144,000 182,400 Kansas .......: 8.0 10.5 1,760 700 14,080 7,350 Minnesota ....: 113.0 168.0 2,310 2,200 261,030 369,600 Montana ......: 147.0 175.0 1,220 1,350 179,340 236,250 North Dakota .: 1,800.0 2,310.0 2,120 1,830 3,816,000 4,227,300 Oklahoma .....: 11.0 19.0 1,050 1,000 11,550 19,000 Washington ...: 147.0 187.0 1,530 1,750 224,910 327,250 : United States : 2,306.0 2,965.5 2,017 1,811 4,650,910 5,369,150 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Cotton Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Type - States and United States: 2025 and Forecasted October 1, 2026 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production 1/ :-------------------------------------------------------------------------- Type and State : : : : 2026 : : : 2025 : 2026 : 2025 :-----------------------: 2025 : 2026 : : : :September 1: October 1 : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -- 1,000 acres -- ---------- pounds ---------- 1,000 bales 2/ : Upland : Alabama .........: 285.0 370.0 948 986 921 563.0 710.0 Arizona .........: 86.0 79.0 1,429 1,397 1,519 256.0 250.0 Arkansas ........: 515.0 555.0 1,239 1,297 1,384 1,329.0 1,600.0 California ......: 17.9 16.7 2,199 2,012 2,012 82.0 70.0 Florida .........: 60.0 74.0 880 778 778 110.0 120.0 Georgia .........: 825.0 1,030.0 1,033 932 932 1,775.0 2,000.0 Kansas ..........: 77.0 77.0 966 810 561 155.0 90.0 Louisiana .......: 80.0 110.0 1,350 1,004 1,091 225.0 250.0 Mississippi .....: 325.0 355.0 1,167 1,082 1,149 790.0 850.0 Missouri ........: 340.0 305.0 1,084 1,369 1,385 768.0 880.0 : New Mexico ......: 24.0 35.0 780 535 535 39.0 39.0 North Carolina ..: 275.0 340.0 1,115 1,002 1,059 639.0 750.0 Oklahoma ........: 350.0 320.0 912 255 285 665.0 190.0 South Carolina ..: 167.0 197.0 992 828 804 345.0 330.0 Tennessee .......: 190.0 190.0 889 960 1,061 352.0 420.0 Texas ...........: 4,000.0 3,900.0 628 529 535 5,230.0 4,350.0 Virginia ........: 72.0 74.0 1,127 1,038 1,038 169.0 160.0 : United States ...: 7,688.9 8,027.7 842 766 781 13,492.0 13,059.0 : American Pima : Arizona .........: 15.5 15.0 898 960 960 29.0 30.0 California ......: 91.0 87.0 1,683 1,655 1,600 319.0 290.0 New Mexico ......: 12.9 9.7 819 544 891 22.0 18.0 Texas ...........: 19.0 25.0 884 979 864 35.0 45.0 : United States ...: 138.4 136.7 1,405 1,376 1,345 405.0 383.0 : All : Alabama .........: 285.0 370.0 948 986 921 563.0 710.0 Arizona .........: 101.5 94.0 1,348 1,328 1,430 285.0 280.0 Arkansas ........: 515.0 555.0 1,239 1,297 1,384 1,329.0 1,600.0 California ......: 108.9 103.7 1,767 1,713 1,666 401.0 360.0 Florida .........: 60.0 74.0 880 778 778 110.0 120.0 Georgia .........: 825.0 1,030.0 1,033 932 932 1,775.0 2,000.0 Kansas ..........: 77.0 77.0 966 810 561 155.0 90.0 Louisiana .......: 80.0 110.0 1,350 1,004 1,091 225.0 250.0 Mississippi .....: 325.0 355.0 1,167 1,082 1,149 790.0 850.0 Missouri ........: 340.0 305.0 1,084 1,369 1,385 768.0 880.0 : New Mexico ......: 36.9 44.7 793 537 612 61.0 57.0 North Carolina ..: 275.0 340.0 1,115 1,002 1,059 639.0 750.0 Oklahoma ........: 350.0 320.0 912 255 285 665.0 190.0 South Carolina ..: 167.0 197.0 992 828 804 345.0 330.0 Tennessee .......: 190.0 190.0 889 960 1,061 352.0 420.0 Texas ...........: 4,019.0 3,925.0 629 532 537 5,265.0 4,395.0 Virginia ........: 72.0 74.0 1,127 1,038 1,038 169.0 160.0 : United States ...: 7,827.3 8,164.4 852 776 790 13,897.0 13,442.0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Production ginned and to be ginned. 2/ 480-pound net weight bale. Cottonseed Production - United States: 2025 and Forecasted October 1, 2026 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2025 : 2026 1/ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 tons : United States ...: 4,132.0 4,017.0 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Based on a 3-year average lint-seed ratio. Alfalfa and Alfalfa Mixtures for Hay Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2025 and Forecasted October 1, 2026 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2025 : 2026 : 2025 : 2026 : 2025 : 2026 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : --- 1,000 acres --- ------ tons ----- ---- 1,000 tons --- : Arizona ........: 280 260 7.40 7.50 2,072 1,950 California .....: 460 440 6.80 7.20 3,128 3,168 Colorado .......: 620 660 3.80 4.10 2,356 2,706 Idaho ..........: 870 870 4.10 4.30 3,567 3,741 Illinois .......: 265 250 3.65 4.20 967 1,050 Indiana ........: 270 280 3.30 3.30 891 924 Iowa ...........: 720 780 4.20 4.30 3,024 3,354 Kansas .........: 490 490 3.60 3.70 1,764 1,813 Kentucky .......: 95 100 3.00 3.30 285 330 Michigan .......: 550 620 3.10 3.20 1,705 1,984 : Minnesota ......: 760 730 3.75 3.35 2,850 2,446 Missouri .......: 285 275 2.35 2.60 670 715 Montana ........: 1,400 1,350 2.20 2.40 3,080 3,240 Nebraska .......: 865 815 3.70 3.50 3,201 2,853 Nevada .........: 215 220 4.70 4.70 1,011 1,034 New Mexico .....: 115 100 4.20 4.00 483 400 New York .......: 210 230 2.30 2.60 483 598 North Dakota ...: 1,290 1,320 1.90 1.70 2,451 2,244 Ohio ...........: 320 290 3.50 3.60 1,120 1,044 Oklahoma .......: 235 230 2.40 2.00 564 460 : Oregon .........: 350 320 4.70 4.30 1,645 1,376 Pennsylvania ...: 230 300 3.20 3.40 736 1,020 South Dakota ...: 1,490 1,400 2.40 2.10 3,576 2,940 Texas ..........: 100 100 3.40 3.00 340 300 Utah ...........: 480 460 4.30 4.40 2,064 2,024 Virginia .......: 35 40 3.20 3.30 112 132 Washington .....: 340 350 5.00 5.20 1,700 1,820 Wisconsin ......: 710 820 3.90 3.90 2,769 3,198 Wyoming ........: 500 450 2.50 2.90 1,250 1,305 : Other States 1/ : 126 135 2.77 2.91 349 393 : United States ..: 14,676 14,685 3.42 3.44 50,213 50,562 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Other States include Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, North Carolina, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Vermont, and West Virginia. Individual State level estimates will be published in the "Crop Production 2026 Summary." All Other Hay Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2025 and Forecasted October 1, 2026 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2025 : 2026 : 2025 : 2026 : 2025 : 2026 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : --- 1,000 acres -- ----- tons ----- --- 1,000 tons --- : Alabama 1/ ......: 720 760 2.60 2.90 1,872 2,204 Arkansas ........: 1,270 1,400 2.30 2.00 2,921 2,800 California ......: 360 320 3.60 3.50 1,296 1,120 Colorado ........: 530 520 1.60 1.80 848 936 Georgia 1/ ......: 470 530 2.90 3.10 1,363 1,643 Idaho ...........: 280 320 2.20 2.40 616 768 Illinois ........: 185 175 2.65 2.10 490 368 Indiana .........: 280 260 2.40 2.30 672 598 Iowa ............: 290 280 2.30 2.40 667 672 Kansas ..........: 1,910 1,800 2.25 1.60 4,298 2,880 : Kentucky ........: 2,200 2,150 2.30 2.30 5,060 4,945 Louisiana 1/ ....: 410 450 2.20 2.10 902 945 Michigan ........: 210 250 2.10 1.70 441 425 Minnesota .......: 520 500 2.75 2.00 1,430 1,000 Mississippi 1/ ..: 560 600 2.40 2.50 1,344 1,500 Missouri ........: 2,700 2,680 2.00 1.80 5,400 4,824 Montana .........: 760 900 1.60 1.40 1,216 1,260 Nebraska ........: 1,435 1,400 1.65 1.70 2,368 2,380 New York ........: 910 940 1.80 2.10 1,638 1,974 North Carolina ..: 500 580 2.40 2.00 1,200 1,160 : North Dakota ....: 1,100 1,260 1.85 1.30 2,035 1,638 Ohio ............: 500 460 2.60 2.30 1,300 1,058 Oklahoma ........: 3,100 3,000 1.95 1.70 6,045 5,100 Oregon ..........: 430 430 2.80 2.40 1,204 1,032 Pennsylvania ....: 860 890 2.10 2.40 1,806 2,136 South Dakota ....: 1,150 1,100 1.85 1.30 2,128 1,430 Tennessee .......: 1,700 1,650 2.10 2.30 3,570 3,795 Texas ...........: 5,000 4,900 1.85 2.00 9,250 9,800 Virginia ........: 1,050 1,140 2.30 1.90 2,415 2,166 Washington ......: 310 310 2.40 2.70 744 837 : West Virginia ...: 600 650 1.70 1.60 1,020 1,040 Wisconsin .......: 440 400 1.60 1.80 704 720 Wyoming .........: 450 440 1.50 1.50 675 660 : Other States 3/ .: 1,691 1,657 2.29 2.51 3,880 4,151 : United States ...: 34,881 35,102 2.09 1.99 72,818 69,965 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Alfalfa and alfalfa mixtures included in all other hay. 2/ Other States include Alaska, Arizona, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Utah, and Vermont. Individual State level estimates will be published in the "Crop Production 2026 Summary." Sugarbeet Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2025 and Forecasted October 1, 2026 [Relates to year of intended harvest in all States except California] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production :--------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : 2026 : : : 2025 : 2026 : 2025 :-------------------------: 2025 : 2026 : : : :September 1 : October 1 : : --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -- 1,000 acres -- ------------ tons ------------ -- 1,000 tons -- : California 1/ 2/ : - (NA) (X) (NA) (NA) - (NA) Colorado ........: 22.6 16.3 32.4 30.2 29.9 732 487 Idaho ...........: 166.3 150.0 45.1 40.7 40.6 7,500 6,090 Michigan ........: 133.3 136.0 28.6 28.1 28.9 3,812 3,930 Minnesota .......: 417.0 408.0 29.9 30.3 29.1 12,468 11,873 Montana .........: 24.5 23.6 35.1 30.5 30.6 860 722 Nebraska ........: 45.8 34.4 29.7 30.1 30.5 1,360 1,049 North Dakota ....: 207.5 202.0 33.2 29.2 28.0 6,889 5,656 Oregon ..........: 10.0 10.9 42.0 39.5 40.0 420 436 Washington ......: 2.0 1.8 52.0 51.4 51.4 104 93 Wyoming .........: 30.8 26.3 32.3 30.6 30.4 995 800 : United States ...: 1,059.8 1,009.3 33.2 31.5 30.8 35,140 31,136 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Relates to year of planting for overwintered beets in southern California. 2/ Estimates discontinued in 2026. Sugarcane for Sugar and Seed Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2025 and Forecasted October 1, 2026 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area harvested : Yield per acre 1/ : Production 1/ :--------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : 2026 : : : 2025 : 2026 : 2025 :-------------------------: 2025 : 2026 : : : :September 1 : October 1 : : ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres ------------ tons ----------- -- 1,000 tons -- : Florida ......: 417.0 404.0 42.1 39.7 39.8 17,573 16,079 Louisiana ....: 529.0 540.0 31.9 32.0 32.0 16,872 17,280 : United States : 946.0 944.0 36.4 35.4 35.3 34,445 33,359 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Net tons. Dry Edible Bean Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2025 and 2026 [Includes updates to planted and harvested area previously published. Excludes beans grown for garden seed and chickpeas] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area planted : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2025 : 2026 : 2025 : 2026 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres : Colorado .........: 40.0 31.0 34.3 27.0 Idaho ............: 40.0 39.0 39.9 38.5 Michigan .........: 250.0 225.0 248.9 222.0 Minnesota ........: 295.0 275.0 291.3 267.0 Nebraska .........: 106.0 68.0 99.1 63.0 North Dakota .....: 580.0 455.0 566.3 445.0 Washington .......: 55.0 52.0 54.8 51.5 : United States ....: 1,366.0 1,145.0 1,334.6 1,114.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Forecasted. Dry Edible Bean Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2025 and Forecasted October 1, 2026 [Excludes beans grown for garden seed and chickpeas] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre 1/ : Production 1/ State :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2025 : 2026 : 2025 : 2026 : 2025 : 2026 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----- 1,000 acres ----- ------- pounds ------ ------ 1,000 cwt ----- : Colorado .......: 34.3 27.0 1,700 1,900 584 513 Idaho ..........: 39.9 38.5 2,860 2,900 1,143 1,117 Michigan .......: 248.9 222.0 2,350 2,300 5,852 5,106 Minnesota ......: 291.3 267.0 2,060 2,140 5,990 5,714 Nebraska .......: 99.1 63.0 2,520 2,400 2,502 1,512 North Dakota ...: 566.3 445.0 1,650 1,400 9,331 6,230 Washington .....: 54.8 51.5 2,650 2,650 1,453 1,365 : United States ..: 1,334.6 1,114.0 2,012 1,935 26,855 21,557 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Clean basis. Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2025 and Forecasted October 1, 2026 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production :-------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : 2026 : : : 2025 : 2026 : 2025 :-----------------------: 2025 : 2026 : : : :September 1: October 1 : : ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----- acres ----- ---------- pounds ---------- -- 1,000 pounds -- : Kentucky ..........: 29,400 32,800 2,245 2,263 2,307 65,995 75,680 North Carolina ....: 121,000 117,000 2,050 2,350 2,250 248,050 263,250 Tennessee .........: 7,500 8,300 2,095 2,465 2,364 15,715 19,620 Virginia ..........: 13,400 12,400 2,150 2,000 2,000 28,810 24,800 : United States .....: 171,300 170,500 2,093 2,313 2,248 358,570 383,350 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Class and Type - States and United States: 2025 and Forecasted October 1, 2026 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Class, type, and State : : : : 2026 : : : 2025 : 2026 : 2025 :---------------------------: 2025 : 2026 : : : : September 1 : October 1 : : --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ acres ----- ------------ pounds ------------ -- 1,000 pounds -- : Class 1, Flue-cured (11-14) : North Carolina .........................: 121,000 117,000 2,050 2,350 2,250 248,050 263,250 Virginia ...............................: 13,400 12,400 2,150 2,000 2,000 28,810 24,800 : United States ..........................: 134,400 129,400 2,060 2,316 2,226 276,860 288,050 : Class 2, Fire-cured (21-23) : Kentucky ...............................: 3,100 3,600 3,200 2,600 3,000 9,920 10,800 Tennessee ..............................: 2,900 3,400 2,750 3,300 3,300 7,975 11,220 : United States ..........................: 6,000 7,000 2,983 2,940 3,146 17,895 22,020 : Class 3A, Light air-cured : Type 31, Burley : Kentucky .............................: 23,900 26,000 2,050 2,200 2,200 48,995 57,200 Tennessee ............................: 3,800 3,800 1,500 1,650 1,400 5,700 5,320 : United States ........................: 27,700 29,800 1,975 2,130 2,098 54,695 62,520 : Class 3B, Dark air-cured (35-37) : Kentucky ...............................: 2,400 3,200 2,950 2,400 2,400 7,080 7,680 Tennessee ..............................: 800 1,100 2,550 2,700 2,800 2,040 3,080 : United States ..........................: 3,200 4,300 2,850 2,477 2,502 9,120 10,760 : All tobacco : United States ..........................: 171,300 170,500 2,093 2,313 2,248 358,570 383,350 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Utilized Production of Citrus Fruits by Crop - States and United States: 2025-2026 and Forecasted October 1, 2026 [The crop year begins with the bloom of the first year shown and ends with the completion of harvest the following year] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Utilized production boxes 1/ :Utilized production ton equivalent Crop and State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2025-2026 : 2026-2027 : 2025-2026 : 2026-2027 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ 1,000 boxes ----- ------ 1,000 tons ----- Oranges : California, all ............: 49,500 50,500 1,980 2,020 Early, mid, and Navel 2/ ..: 41,000 42,000 1,640 1,680 Valencia ..................: 8,500 8,500 340 340 : Florida, all ...............: 12,950 10,000 583 450 Early, mid, and Navel 2/ ..: 4,770 3,000 215 135 Valencia ..................: 8,180 7,000 368 315 : Texas, all .................: 1,090 1,200 47 51 Early, mid, and Navel 2/ ..: 560 650 24 28 Valencia ..................: 530 550 23 23 : United States, all .........: 63,540 61,700 2,610 2,521 Early, mid, and Navel 2/ ..: 46,330 45,650 1,879 1,843 Valencia ..................: 17,210 16,050 731 678 : Grapefruit : California .................: 4,400 4,800 176 192 Florida, all ...............: 1,350 1,300 57 55 Texas ......................: 2,100 2,400 84 96 : United States ..............: 7,850 8,500 317 343 : Tangerines and mandarins 3/ : California .................: 31,000 32,000 1,240 1,280 Florida ....................: 460 450 22 21 : United States ..............: 31,460 32,450 1,262 1,301 : Lemons : Arizona ....................: 720 850 29 34 California .................: 26,000 28,000 1,040 1,120 Florida ....................: 900 950 41 43 : United States ..............: 27,620 29,800 1,110 1,197 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Net pounds per box: oranges in California-80, Florida-90, Texas-85; grapefruit in California-80, Florida-85, Texas-80; tangerines and mandarins in California-80, Florida-95; lemons in Arizona-80, California-80, Florida-90. 2/ Navel and miscellaneous varieties in California. Early (including Navel) and midseason varieties in Florida and Texas. 3/ Includes tangelos and tangors. Utilized Production of Walnuts - States and United States: 2025 and Forecasted October 1, 2026 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- : Utilized production (in-shell basis) State :--------------------------------------- : 2025 : 2026 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- : tons : California ...................: 809,000 680,000 : United States ................: 809,000 680,000 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Pecan Production by Variety - States and United States: 2025 and Forecasted October 1, 2026 --------------------------------------------------------------------- : Utilized production (in-shell basis) State and variety :------------------------------------------- : 2025 : 2026 --------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 pounds : Arizona .................: 40,800 51,000 Improved ...............: 40,800 51,000 : Georgia .................: 111,500 110,000 Improved ...............: 111,500 110,000 : New Mexico ..............: 76,000 83,000 Improved ...............: 76,000 83,000 : Oklahoma ................: 14,360 12,800 Improved ...............: 3,360 3,800 Native and seedling ....: 11,000 9,000 : Texas ...................: 41,600 44,500 Improved ...............: 38,000 39,000 Native and seedling ....: 3,600 5,500 : United States ...........: 284,260 301,300 Improved ...............: 269,660 286,800 Native and seedling ....: 14,600 14,500 --------------------------------------------------------------------- Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2025 and 2026 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2026 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area planted : Area harvested Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2025 : 2026 : 2025 : 2026 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres : Grains and hay : Barley .................................: 2,307 2,206 1,783 1,604 Corn for grain 1/ ......................: 98,713 96,777 90,948 88,506 Corn for silage ........................: (NA) 6,187 Hay, all ...............................: (NA) (NA) 49,557 49,787 Alfalfa ..............................: (NA) (NA) 14,676 14,685 All other ............................: (NA) (NA) 34,881 35,102 Oats ...................................: 2,370 2,638 944 917 Proso millet ...........................: 442 500 397 Rice ...................................: 2,812 2,102 2,740 2,057 Rye ....................................: 2,209 2,095 339 235 Sorghum for grain 1/ ...................: 6,640 5,980 6,020 5,225 Sorghum for silage .....................: (NA) 448 Wheat, all .............................: 45,488 42,521 37,345 31,899 Winter ...............................: 33,248 31,200 25,582 20,890 Durum ................................: 2,200 1,741 2,108 1,634 Other spring .........................: 10,040 9,580 9,655 9,375 : Oilseeds : Canola .................................: 2,338.5 3,013.0 2,306.0 2,965.5 Cottonseed .............................: (X) (X) (X) (X) Flaxseed ...............................: 248 305 234 286 Mustard seed ...........................: 126.2 131.5 111.8 123.1 Peanuts ................................: 1,950.0 1,413.0 1,895.0 1,358.0 Rapeseed ...............................: 18.6 19.0 16.6 17.3 Safflower ..............................: 116.5 125.0 108.5 115.5 Soybeans for beans .....................: 81,215 86,865 80,417 85,881 Sunflower ..............................: 1,289.2 1,352.7 1,254.9 1,308.6 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops : Cotton, all ............................: 9,282.5 10,447.0 7,827.3 8,164.4 Upland ...............................: 9,141.0 10,306.0 7,688.9 8,027.7 American Pima ........................: 141.5 141.0 138.4 136.7 Sugarbeets .............................: 1,079.0 1,025.8 1,059.8 1,009.3 Sugarcane ..............................: (NA) (NA) 946.0 944.0 Tobacco ................................: (NA) (NA) 171.3 170.5 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas ..............................: 536.0 430.0 520.3 416.7 Dry edible beans .......................: 1,366.0 1,145.0 1,334.6 1,114.0 Dry edible peas ........................: 1,173.0 1,132.0 1,063.0 1,084.0 Lentils ................................: 1,072.0 627.0 949.0 585.0 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops ...................................: (NA) (NA) 41.7 42.4 Maple syrup ............................: (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Mushrooms ..............................: (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Peppermint oil .........................: (NA) 22.9 Potatoes ...............................: 908.0 873.0 903.2 867.6 Spearmint oil ..........................: (NA) 11.6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2025 and 2026 (continued) [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2026 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Yield per acre : Production Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2025 : 2026 : 2025 : 2026 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : --------- 1,000 -------- : Grains and hay : Barley ..........................bushels: 79.9 72.1 142,508 115,667 Corn for grain ..................bushels: 186.5 181.2 16,963,628 16,033,944 Corn for silage ....................tons: 21.8 135,090 Hay, all ...........................tons: 2.48 2.42 123,031 120,527 Alfalfa ..........................tons: 3.42 3.44 50,213 50,562 All other ........................tons: 2.09 1.99 72,818 69,965 Oats ............................bushels: 73.8 75.3 69,626 69,081 Proso millet ....................bushels: 35.9 14,239 Rice 2/ .............................cwt: 7,544 7,668 206,707 157,734 Rye .............................bushels: 36.6 37.0 12,399 8,701 Sorghum for grain ...............bushels: 72.6 55.7 436,825 291,075 Sorghum for silage .................tons: 16.4 7,325 Wheat, all ......................bushels: 53.3 48.1 1,989,176 1,533,739 Winter ........................bushels: 54.9 48.8 1,405,403 1,019,380 Durum .........................bushels: 40.7 39.7 85,773 64,809 Other spring ..................bushels: 51.6 48.0 498,000 449,550 : Oilseeds : Canola ...........................pounds: 2,017 1,811 4,650,910 5,369,150 Cottonseed .........................tons: (X) (X) 4,132.0 4,017.0 Flaxseed ........................bushels: 22.2 5,202 Mustard seed .....................pounds: 636 71,120 Peanuts ..........................pounds: 3,746 3,766 7,098,610 5,114,250 Rapeseed .........................pounds: 2,126 35,290 Safflower ........................pounds: 1,319 143,160 Soybeans for beans ..............bushels: 53.0 53.1 4,261,038 4,561,605 Sunflower ........................pounds: 1,861 1,761 2,335,696 2,304,735 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops : Cotton, all 2/ ....................bales: 852 790 13,897.0 13,442.0 Upland 2/ .......................bales: 842 781 13,492.0 13,059.0 American Pima 2/ ................bales: 1,405 1,345 405.0 383.0 Sugarbeets .........................tons: 33.2 30.8 35,140 31,136 Sugarcane ..........................tons: 36.4 35.3 34,445 33,359 Tobacco ..........................pounds: 2,093 2,248 358,570 383,350 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas 2/ ........................cwt: 1,315 1,403 6,844 5,845 Dry edible beans 2/ .................cwt: 2,012 1,935 26,855 21,557 Dry edible peas 2/ ..................cwt: 1,738 1,927 18,480 20,888 Lentils 2/ ..........................cwt: 1,112 1,389 10,557 8,124 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops .............................pounds: 1,996 1,966 83,143.4 83,427.1 Maple syrup .....................gallons: (NA) (NA) 5,701 5,877 Mushrooms ........................pounds: (NA) (NA) 671,262 636,221 Peppermint oil ...................pounds: 108 2,471 Potatoes ............................cwt: 462 417,594 Spearmint oil ....................pounds: 139 1,609 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Area planted for all purposes. 2/ Yield in pounds. Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2025 and 2026 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2026 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2025 : 2026 : 2025 : 2026 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : hectares : Grains and hay : Barley .........................: 933,620 892,750 721,560 649,120 Corn for grain 1/ ..............: 39,948,160 39,164,680 36,805,750 35,817,490 Corn for silage ................: (NA) 2,503,820 Hay, all 2/ ....................: (NA) (NA) 20,055,220 20,148,300 Alfalfa ......................: (NA) (NA) 5,939,230 5,942,870 All other ....................: (NA) (NA) 14,115,990 14,205,430 Oats ...........................: 959,120 1,067,570 382,030 371,100 Proso millet ...................: 178,870 202,350 160,660 Rice ...........................: 1,137,990 850,660 1,108,850 832,450 Rye ............................: 893,960 847,830 137,190 95,100 Sorghum for grain 1/ ...........: 2,687,140 2,420,050 2,436,230 2,114,510 Sorghum for silage .............: (NA) 181,300 Wheat, all 2/ ..................: 18,408,540 17,207,820 15,113,150 12,909,210 Winter .......................: 13,455,130 12,626,330 10,352,780 8,453,970 Durum ........................: 890,320 704,570 853,090 661,260 Other spring .................: 4,063,090 3,876,930 3,907,280 3,793,970 : Oilseeds : Canola .........................: 946,370 1,219,330 933,220 1,200,110 Cottonseed .....................: (X) (X) (X) (X) Flaxseed .......................: 100,360 123,430 94,700 115,740 Mustard seed ...................: 51,070 53,220 45,240 49,820 Peanuts ........................: 789,150 571,830 766,890 549,570 Rapeseed .......................: 7,530 7,690 6,720 7,000 Safflower ......................: 47,150 50,590 43,910 46,740 Soybeans for beans .............: 32,866,900 35,153,400 32,543,960 34,755,180 Sunflower ......................: 521,730 547,420 507,850 529,580 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops: Cotton, all 2/ .................: 3,756,530 4,227,800 3,167,630 3,304,050 Upland .......................: 3,699,270 4,170,740 3,111,620 3,248,730 American Pima ................: 57,260 57,060 56,010 55,320 Sugarbeets .....................: 436,660 415,130 428,890 408,450 Sugarcane ......................: (NA) (NA) 382,840 382,030 Tobacco ........................: (NA) (NA) 69,320 69,000 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas ......................: 216,910 174,020 210,560 168,630 Dry edible beans ...............: 552,810 463,370 540,100 450,820 Dry edible peas ................: 474,700 458,110 430,190 438,680 Lentils ........................: 433,830 253,740 384,050 236,740 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops ...........................: (NA) (NA) 16,860 17,180 Maple syrup ....................: (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Mushrooms ......................: (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Peppermint oil .................: (NA) 9,270 Potatoes .......................: 367,460 353,290 365,520 351,110 Spearmint oil ..................: (NA) 4,690 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2025 and 2026 (continued) [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2026 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Yield per hectare : Production Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2025 : 2026 : 2025 : 2026 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : metric tons : Grains and hay : Barley .................................: 4.30 3.88 3,102,750 2,518,350 Corn for grain .........................: 11.71 11.37 430,896,000 407,280,940 Corn for silage ........................: 48.95 122,551,590 Hay, all 2/ ............................: 5.57 5.43 111,611,850 109,340,260 Alfalfa ..............................: 7.67 7.72 45,552,470 45,869,070 All other ............................: 4.68 4.47 66,059,380 63,471,180 Oats ...................................: 2.65 2.70 1,010,620 1,002,710 Proso millet ...........................: 2.01 322,930 Rice ...................................: 8.46 8.59 9,376,070 7,154,690 Rye ....................................: 2.30 2.32 314,950 221,020 Sorghum for grain ......................: 4.55 3.50 11,095,870 7,393,650 Sorghum for silage .....................: 36.65 6,645,130 Wheat, all 2/ ..........................: 3.58 3.23 54,136,500 41,741,540 Winter ...............................: 3.69 3.28 38,248,800 27,742,980 Durum ................................: 2.74 2.67 2,334,360 1,763,810 Other spring .........................: 3.47 3.22 13,553,340 12,234,750 : Oilseeds : Canola .................................: 2.26 2.03 2,109,620 2,435,410 Cottonseed .............................: (X) (X) 3,748,490 3,644,160 Flaxseed ...............................: 1.40 132,140 Mustard seed ...........................: 0.71 32,260 Peanuts ................................: 4.20 4.22 3,219,880 2,319,780 Rapeseed ...............................: 2.38 16,010 Safflower ..............................: 1.48 64,940 Soybeans for beans .....................: 3.56 3.57 115,966,450 124,146,540 Sunflower ..............................: 2.09 1.97 1,059,450 1,045,410 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops : Cotton, all 2/ .........................: 0.96 0.89 3,025,720 2,926,650 Upland ...............................: 0.94 0.88 2,937,540 2,843,260 American Pima ........................: 1.57 1.51 88,180 83,390 Sugarbeets .............................: 74.33 69.15 31,878,470 28,246,100 Sugarcane ..............................: 81.62 79.22 31,247,980 30,262,780 Tobacco ................................: 2.35 2.52 162,640 173,880 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas ..............................: 1.47 1.57 310,440 265,120 Dry edible beans .......................: 2.26 2.17 1,218,120 977,810 Dry edible peas ........................: 1.95 2.16 838,240 947,460 Lentils ................................: 1.25 1.56 478,860 368,500 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops ...................................: 2.24 2.20 37,710 37,840 Maple syrup ............................: (NA) (NA) 28,510 29,390 Mushrooms ..............................: (NA) (NA) 304,480 288,580 Peppermint oil .........................: 0.12 1,120 Potatoes ...............................: 51.82 18,941,750 Spearmint oil ..........................: 0.16 730 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Area planted for all purposes. 2/ Total may not add due to rounding. Fruits and Nuts Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2026 and 2027 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2026 crop year, except citrus which is for the 2026-2027 season. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Production Crop :----------------------------------- : 2026 : 2027 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Citrus 1/ : Grapefruit ......................1,000 tons: 317 343 Lemons ..........................1,000 tons: 1,110 1,197 Oranges .........................1,000 tons: 2,610 2,521 Tangerines and mandarins ........1,000 tons: 1,262 1,301 : Noncitrus : Apples, commercial ..........million pounds: 10,437.0 Apricots ..............................tons: 36,500 Avocados ..............................tons: Blueberries, Cultivated .......1,000 pounds: Blueberries, Wild (Maine) .....1,000 pounds: Cherries, Sweet .......................tons: 310,500 Cherries, Tart ..............million pounds: 91.0 Coffee (Hawaii) ...............1,000 pounds: Cranberries .........................barrel: 7,870,000 : Dates .................................tons: Grapes ................................tons: 5,167,000 Kiwifruit (California) ................tons: Nectarines (California) ...............tons: Olives (California) ...................tons: Papayas (Hawaii) ..............1,000 pounds: Peaches ...............................tons: 604,200 Pears .................................tons: 650,000 Plums (California) ....................tons: Prunes (California) ...................tons: Raspberries, all .............1,000 pounds: Strawberries .....................1,000 cwt: : Nuts and miscellaneous : Almonds, shelled (California) .1,000 pounds: 2,700,000 Hazelnuts, in-shell (Oregon) ..........tons: Macadamias (Hawaii) ...........1,000 pounds: Pecans, in-shell ..............1,000 pounds: 301,300 Pistachios (California) .......1,000 pounds: Walnuts, in-shell (California) ........tons: 680,000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Production years are 2025-2026 and 2026-2027. Fruits and Nuts Production in Metric Units - United States: 2026 and 2027 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2026 crop year, except citrus which is for the 2026-2027 season. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Production Crop :----------------------------------- : 2026 : 2027 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : metric tons : Citrus 1/ : Grapefruit ................................: 287,580 311,160 Lemons ....................................: 1,006,980 1,085,900 Oranges ...................................: 2,367,750 2,287,010 Tangerines and mandarins ..................: 1,144,870 1,180,250 : Noncitrus : Apples, commercial ........................: 4,734,140 Apricots ..................................: 33,110 Avocados ..................................: Blueberries, Cultivated ...................: Blueberries, Wild (Maine) .................: Cherries, Sweet ...........................: 281,680 Cherries, Tart ............................: 41,280 Coffee (Hawaii) ...........................: Cranberries ...............................: 356,980 : Dates .....................................: Grapes ....................................: 4,687,420 Kiwifruit (California) ....................: Nectarines (California) ...................: Olives (California) .......................: Papayas (Hawaii) ..........................: Peaches ...................................: 548,120 Pears .....................................: 589,670 Plums (California) ........................: Prunes (California) .......................: Raspberries, all ..........................: Strawberries ..............................: : Nuts and miscellaneous : Almonds, shelled (California) .............: 1,224,700 Hazelnuts, in-shell (Oregon) ..............: Macadamias (Hawaii) .......................: Pecans, in-shell ..........................: 136,670 Pistachios (California) ...................: Walnuts, in-shell (California) ............: 616,890 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Production years are 2025-2026 and 2026-2027. Corn for Grain Objective Yield Data The National Agricultural Statistics Service is conducting objective yield surveys in 10 corn-producing States during 2026. Randomly selected plots in corn for grain fields are visited monthly from September through harvest to obtain specific counts and measurements. Data in these tables are rounded actual field counts from this survey. Corn for Grain Plant Population per Acre - Selected States: 2022-2026 [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : : :: State : : : : : and month : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2026 :: and month : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2026 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : number :: : number : :: : Illinois : :: Nebraska : September .....: 32,050 32,550 31,850 32,700 31,950 :: All corn : October .......: 32,500 32,450 32,250 32,350 32,000 :: September ....: 26,450 26,600 25,950 26,450 25,500 November ......: 32,450 32,400 32,200 32,200 :: October ......: 26,250 26,700 25,800 26,350 27,150 Final .........: 32,450 32,400 32,200 32,300 :: November .....: 26,200 26,650 25,800 26,450 : :: Final ........: 26,200 26,650 25,800 26,550 Indiana : :: : September .....: 29,050 31,000 30,850 29,650 29,450 :: Irrigated : October .......: 28,550 30,800 30,650 29,500 29,350 :: September ....: 29,000 29,650 28,300 27,900 29,050 November ......: 28,600 31,100 30,600 29,800 :: October ......: 28,950 29,600 28,150 27,450 29,100 Final .........: 28,600 31,100 30,600 29,450 :: November .....: 28,850 29,550 28,050 27,450 : :: Final ........: 28,850 29,550 28,050 27,400 Iowa : :: : September .....: 31,750 32,250 30,900 30,750 31,850 :: Non-irrigated : October .......: 31,550 31,900 30,500 30,800 32,050 :: September ....: 23,850 23,450 23,000 25,000 25,100 November ......: 31,600 31,950 30,600 30,850 :: October ......: 23,500 23,650 22,850 25,200 24,750 Final .........: 31,600 31,950 30,850 30,850 :: November .....: 23,500 23,700 23,000 25,450 : :: Final ........: 23,500 23,700 23,000 25,450 Kansas : :: : September .....: 22,600 23,800 21,700 21,650 22,000 :: Ohio : October .......: 23,200 23,400 21,650 22,000 21,400 :: September .....: 29,400 30,050 31,300 31,200 30,400 November ......: 23,350 23,600 21,750 22,200 :: October .......: 29,350 29,900 31,250 31,250 30,300 Final .........: 23,350 23,600 21,700 22,000 :: November ......: 29,700 29,650 31,150 31,050 : :: Final .........: 29,700 29,650 31,150 30,950 Minnesota : :: : September .....: 31,300 31,300 30,200 31,350 31,450 :: South Dakota : October .......: 31,250 31,450 30,500 31,250 31,150 :: September .....: 26,400 26,050 25,650 23,600 26,900 November ......: 31,300 31,450 30,550 31,300 :: October .......: 26,200 26,150 25,350 24,100 26,000 Final .........: 31,300 31,450 30,500 31,300 :: November ......: 25,900 26,100 25,400 24,000 : :: Final .........: 25,900 26,100 25,400 24,200 Missouri : :: : September .....: 27,500 27,350 28,500 27,450 27,600 :: Wisconsin : October .......: 27,100 27,300 28,150 27,700 27,900 :: September .....: 30,700 30,300 30,350 29,650 30,850 November ......: 27,200 27,400 28,150 27,600 :: October .......: 30,300 29,900 30,300 30,000 30,800 Final .........: 27,200 27,400 28,150 27,600 :: November ......: 30,200 30,050 30,450 29,300 : :: Final .........: 30,200 30,000 30,450 29,650 : :: : : :: 10 State : : :: September .....: 29,250 29,650 28,900 28,800 29,050 : :: October .......: 29,200 29,500 28,800 28,800 29,200 : :: November ......: 29,200 29,550 28,850 28,800 : :: Final .........: 29,200 29,550 28,900 28,800 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Corn for Grain Number of Ears per Acre - Selected States: 2022-2026 [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : : :: State : : : : : and month : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2026 :: and month : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2026 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : number :: : number : :: : Illinois : :: Nebraska : September .....: 31,500 32,250 31,500 31,950 31,250 :: All corn : October .......: 31,850 32,050 31,900 31,600 31,550 :: September ....: 25,850 26,300 26,300 26,700 25,000 November ......: 31,800 32,000 31,850 31,400 :: October ......: 25,000 26,700 25,750 26,600 26,700 Final .........: 31,800 32,000 31,850 31,400 :: November .....: 24,950 26,600 25,800 26,550 : :: Final ........: 24,950 26,600 25,850 26,700 Indiana : :: : September .....: 28,700 30,700 31,700 29,900 28,850 :: Irrigated : October .......: 28,400 30,950 30,850 29,050 28,450 :: September ....: 28,900 29,350 28,400 28,200 29,050 November ......: 28,500 30,950 30,750 29,050 :: October ......: 28,350 29,800 27,750 27,850 28,700 Final .........: 28,500 30,950 30,750 28,850 :: November .....: 28,300 29,700 27,750 27,650 : :: Final ........: 28,300 29,700 27,750 27,650 Iowa : :: : September .....: 30,850 32,050 31,100 30,300 31,550 :: Non-irrigated : October .......: 30,800 31,700 30,450 30,250 31,650 :: September ....: 22,700 23,150 23,600 25,150 24,550 November ......: 30,800 31,750 30,500 30,350 :: October ......: 21,600 23,500 23,200 25,300 24,250 Final .........: 30,800 31,750 30,750 30,350 :: November .....: 21,600 23,450 23,300 25,450 : :: Final ........: 21,600 23,450 23,450 25,450 Kansas : :: : September .....: 22,800 23,500 21,350 22,300 21,650 :: Ohio : October .......: 22,300 22,800 20,850 22,500 20,500 :: September .....: 29,250 29,850 30,800 30,800 30,050 November ......: 22,100 23,150 21,000 22,650 :: October .......: 29,250 30,400 30,550 30,400 29,800 Final .........: 22,100 23,150 21,000 22,750 :: November ......: 29,550 29,950 30,450 30,200 : :: Final .........: 29,500 29,950 30,450 30,100 Minnesota : :: : September .....: 31,200 31,350 30,150 31,450 31,700 :: South Dakota : October .......: 31,450 31,300 30,450 30,900 30,800 :: September .....: 25,300 25,900 26,200 24,500 26,100 November ......: 31,450 31,300 30,450 31,050 :: October .......: 24,700 25,950 25,300 24,500 24,850 Final .........: 31,450 31,300 30,400 31,050 :: November ......: 24,250 26,150 25,250 24,500 : :: Final .........: 24,250 26,150 25,250 24,800 Missouri : :: : September .....: 26,300 26,500 28,450 26,850 27,250 :: Wisconsin : October .......: 26,200 26,300 27,950 27,200 27,550 :: September .....: 29,900 30,450 30,050 29,250 30,450 November ......: 26,300 26,350 27,900 27,100 :: October .......: 29,550 30,200 30,400 29,650 30,250 Final .........: 26,300 26,350 27,900 27,100 :: November ......: 29,400 30,200 30,400 28,950 : :: Final .........: 29,400 30,200 30,550 29,100 : :: : : :: 10-State : : :: September .....: 28,650 29,400 28,950 28,700 28,650 : :: October .......: 28,500 29,350 28,650 28,550 28,600 : :: November ......: 28,450 29,350 28,650 28,500 : :: Final .........: 28,450 29,350 28,700 28,550 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Corn Objective Yield Percent of Samples Processed in the Lab - United States: 2022-2026 [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : October : November Year :----------------------------------------------------------- :Dent stage 1/ : Mature 2/ :Dent stage 1/ : Mature 2/ --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : 2022 ..........: 38 50 (Z) 94 2023 ..........: 26 60 1 95 2024 ..........: 29 54 (Z) 96 2025 ..........: 26 64 1 90 2026 ..........: 22 60 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- (Z) Less than half of the unit shown. 1/ Includes corn in the dent stage of development. Ears are firm and solid. Kernels fully dented with no milk present in most kernels. 2/ Includes that portion of the crop that is mature and ready for harvest. No green foliage is present. Soybean Objective Yield Data The National Agricultural Statistics Service is conducting objective yield surveys in 11 soybean-producing States during 2026. Randomly selected plots in soybean fields are visited monthly from September through harvest to obtain specific counts and measurements. Data in these tables are actual field counts from this survey. Soybean Pods with Beans per 18 Square Feet - Selected States: 2022-2026 [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : : :: State : : : : : and month : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2026 :: and month : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2026 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : number :: : number : :: : Arkansas : :: Missouri : September .....: 1,721 2,043 1,666 1,927 1,674 :: September .....: 1,736 2,099 2,034 2,194 2,092 October .......: 1,746 1,844 1,667 1,999 1,649 :: October .......: 1,606 1,991 2,044 2,191 2,151 November ......: 1,711 1,856 1,650 1,875 :: November ......: 1,880 2,062 2,022 2,247 Final .........: 1,711 1,824 1,693 1,857 :: Final .........: 1,875 2,058 2,023 2,270 : :: : Illinois : :: Nebraska : September .....: 1,896 1,952 1,938 2,178 2,195 :: September .....: 1,592 1,644 1,977 2,053 1,890 October .......: 1,888 2,085 2,167 2,225 2,268 :: October .......: 1,597 1,678 1,873 2,143 1,861 November ......: 2,010 2,121 2,167 2,208 :: November ......: 1,586 1,709 1,886 2,158 Final .........: 2,011 2,121 2,167 2,264 :: Final .........: 1,586 1,709 1,894 2,171 : :: : Indiana : :: North Dakota : September .....: 1,655 1,927 1,978 2,094 2,115 :: September .....: 1,281 1,250 1,352 1,283 1,166 October .......: 1,749 1,998 2,005 2,171 2,123 :: October .......: 1,298 1,203 1,435 1,436 1,276 November ......: 1,763 1,962 1,914 2,124 :: November ......: 1,357 1,408 1,485 1,444 Final .........: 1,773 1,962 1,913 2,159 :: Final .........: 1,357 1,404 1,490 1,520 : :: : Iowa : :: Ohio : September .....: 1,585 1,814 1,859 2,079 2,264 :: September .....: 1,798 1,847 1,797 2,230 2,341 October .......: 1,653 1,997 1,992 2,126 2,195 :: October .......: 1,890 2,003 1,957 2,308 2,309 November ......: 1,785 2,071 2,039 2,114 :: November ......: 1,788 2,030 1,929 2,180 Final .........: 1,780 2,070 2,038 2,089 :: Final .........: 1,780 2,030 1,908 2,179 : :: : Kansas : :: South Dakota : September .....: 1,456 1,500 1,365 1,595 1,354 :: September .....: 1,258 1,520 1,345 1,577 1,333 October .......: 1,400 1,372 1,366 1,851 1,628 :: October .......: 1,291 1,552 1,438 1,692 1,288 November ......: 1,392 1,500 1,256 1,856 :: November ......: 1,305 1,644 1,457 1,717 Final .........: 1,391 1,529 1,362 1,875 :: Final .........: 1,305 1,644 1,465 1,702 : :: : Minnesota : :: 11-State : September .....: 1,468 1,648 1,619 1,732 1,871 :: September .....: 1,604 1,755 1,746 1,923 1,901 October .......: 1,581 1,695 1,591 1,895 1,982 :: October .......: 1,628 1,799 1,820 2,018 1,933 November ......: 1,610 1,687 1,561 1,822 :: November ......: 1,690 1,856 1,812 1,995 Final .........: 1,610 1,667 1,543 1,812 :: Final .........: 1,689 1,854 1,819 2,011 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Soybean Objective Yield Percent of Samples Processed in the Lab - United States: 2022-2026 [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : October : November Year :----------------------------------------------------------- : Mature 1/ : Mature 1/ --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : 2022 ..........: 42 90 2023 ..........: 51 91 2024 ..........: 55 96 2025 ..........: 54 87 2026 ..........: 46 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Includes soybeans with brown pods and are considered mature or almost mature. Cotton Objective Yield Data The National Agricultural Statistics Service conducted objective yield surveys in 4 cotton-producing States during 2026. Randomly selected plots in cotton fields are visited monthly from September through harvest to obtain specific counts and measurements. Data in this table are actual field counts from this survey. Cotton Cumulative Boll Counts - Selected States: 2022-2026 [Includes small bolls (less than one inch in diameter), large unopened bolls (at least one inch in diameter), open bolls, partially opened bolls, and burrs per 40 feet of row. November, December, and Final exclude small bolls. Blank cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : : State and month : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2026 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : number : Arkansas : September ..........: 811 795 (NA) (NA) 917 October ............: 799 877 (NA) (NA) 867 November ...........: 799 888 (NA) (NA) December ...........: 799 888 (NA) (NA) Final ..............: 799 888 (NA) (NA) : Georgia : September ..........: 605 581 (NA) (NA) 457 October ............: 648 660 (NA) (NA) 704 November ...........: 705 706 (NA) (NA) December ...........: 721 721 (NA) (NA) Final ..............: 721 721 (NA) (NA) : Mississippi : September ..........: 804 828 (NA) (NA) 910 October ............: 814 863 (NA) (NA) 792 November ...........: 830 849 (NA) (NA) December ...........: 828 849 (NA) (NA) Final ..............: 828 849 (NA) (NA) : Texas : September ..........: 583 416 (NA) (NA) 386 October ............: 615 422 (NA) (NA) 395 November ...........: 629 462 (NA) (NA) December ...........: 640 487 (NA) (NA) Final ..............: 643 488 (NA) (NA) : 4-State : September ..........: 641 513 (NA) (NA) 481 October ............: 668 543 (NA) (NA) 519 November ...........: 692 578 (NA) (NA) December ...........: 701 597 (NA) (NA) Final ..............: 708 635 (NA) (NA) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. September Weather Summary Highlights: El Ni o-driven changes began to significantly influence North American weather patterns during September, leading to multiple rounds of heavy rain from the Southwest into the Midwest, as atmospheric moisture from a swarm of Pacific tropical cyclones was drawn northeastward. Eastern Pacific cyclones of note during September included Hurricanes Marie, Odalys, and Polo. Among those hurricanes, only Polo made landfall in Mexico, striking Baja California Sur late September 28 and crossing the Gulf of California into southern Sonora early the next day. Less than a week earlier, on September 22, Polo had become the second-strongest tropical cyclone on record-based on a minimum central pressure of 892 millibars (26.34 inches of mercury)-for areas of the Pacific Ocean north of the equator and east of the International Dateline. As surges of tropical moisture wrapped around the western and northern edges of a stubborn ridge of high pressure and interacted with a variety of disturbances and cold fronts, September rainfall totaled at least twice normal from portions of the Four Corners States into the western Corn Belt. More than a foot of rain fell in some Midwestern locations, including Des Moines, Iowa, where the monthly sum of 14.50 inches represented its second-wettest September on record, behind only 14.81 inches in 1914. For some locations, including Lincoln, Nebraska, it was the wettest September on record, with 11.49 inches (previously, 8.32 inches in 1914). The heavy rain, spread across several weeks, curtailed fieldwork, including corn and soybean harvesting, and threatened crop quality. Related to El Ni o's disruptive influence on tropical cyclone intensification over the Atlantic Ocean, a satellite-era record was established for the latest date of the season's first Atlantic Basin hurricane. Prior to this year, the latest initial Atlantic hurricane formation had occurred on September 11, 2002, and 2013. Through September, there were no Atlantic Basin hurricanes and eight tropical storms, three of which made landfall on the Gulf Coast of the United States-most recently Edouard near Johnson Bayou, Louisiana, on September 1. Edouard was a small tropical storm that moved inland with sustained winds near 60 mph and had a relatively small footprint of heavy rain and gusty winds, mainly across eastern Texas. Showery weather helped to limit September wildfire activity, except in parts of California and the Great Basin. Even with fewer explosive fires, the Nation's year-to-date wildfire burned area topped 9 million acres by early October, nearly 150 percent of the 10-year average of 6.1 million acres. Impressively, Alaska provided only a miniscule contribution to the national total, with fewer than 90,000 acres burned through the end of September. In the modern era, national wildfire acreage first topped 9 million in 2006 and since then has done so six times (2007, 2012, 2015, 2017, 2020, and 2026), with a peak of 10.13 million acres burned in 2015. Meanwhile, topsoil moisture in the Nation's agricultural regions was rated 37 percent very short to short on October 4, a significant improvement from the 2026 peak of 55 percent on September 6, according to USDA/NASS. However, statewide topsoil moisture was still rated at least 70 percent very short to short on October 4 in four Western States (Colorado, Nevada, Oregon, and Wyoming) and four Mississippi Delta States (Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Tennessee). Conversely, statewide topsoil moisture on October 4 was rated 45 percent surplus in Iowa, along with 30 percent in Ohio. The U.S. Drought Monitor reflected a balance between worsening drought conditions during September in most areas from the southeastern Plains and the western Gulf Coast region to the southern Appalachians, and steady or improving conditions across large sections of the Plains, West, and upper Midwest. Drought was affecting 59.38 percent of the Lower 48 States on September 29, marking the 55th consecutive week with national coverage greater than 40 percent. On a national scale, crops experiencing notable drought during 2026 included cotton, rated 37 percent very poor to poor on October 4, and sorghum, 34 percent, according to USDA/NASS. Drought impacts were regional for crops such as corn and soybeans, with lower crop condition ratings mostly in the western Corn Belt. Thirty-eight percent of North Dakota's corn was rated very poor to poor on October 4, along with 28 percent of its soybeans, compared to respective national values of 18 and 14 percent. However, barely half (54 percent) of the Nation's corn was rated good to excellent on October 4, along with just 57 percent of the soybeans. Meanwhile, national rangeland and pastures rated in very poor to poor condition improved to 49 percent on October 4, down from annual peaks of 53 percent on September 6 and 20. In some parts of the country, drought-affected rangeland and pastures may not fully recover until next spring or beyond, even if favorably wet weather prevails, as the window for autumn grass growth will soon close from north to south. Near- or above-normal September temperatures prevailed nationwide, except in New England and the Far West. A core area of summer-like heat, with monthly temperatures averaging at least 4 to 8 degrees F above normal, stretched from central and southern sections of the Rockies and Plains to the southern Appalachians, extending as far north as the southern tier of the Corn Belt. The late-season heat coincided with a persistent ridge of high pressure that remained steadfast across the southern United States for more than 2 months, starting in late July. Records for the warmest September on record were set in dozens of communities from the south-central United States into the lower Midwest, with Abilene, Texas, reporting a monthly average temperature that was 9.4 degrees F above normal. The persistent heat (and dryness) favored fieldwork and hastened summer crop maturation, but reduced surface water supplies and stressed livestock, rangeland, pastures, and immature crops. September Agricultural Summary September was warmer than normal for most of the Nation. Parts of the Great Plains, lower Missouri Valley, Delta recorded temperatures 6 F or more above normal for the month. While much of the Great Basin, Southern Plains, and Southeast remained drier than normal, parts of Northwest, Southwest, and Northern Plains recorded at least twice the normal amount of precipitation. Mainly due to storms connected to El Ni o, parts of the Southwest and western Corn Belt recorded 6 inches or more of rain. Some locations in Iowa received 9 inches or more of rain for the month. Ninety-six percent of the corn crop was at the dough stage by September 6, two percentage points ahead of both last year and the 5-year average. Seventy-six percent of the corn crop had reached the dented stage by September 6, four percentage points ahead of both last year and the 5-year average. Twenty-five percent of the Nation's corn crop was mature by September 6, one percentage point ahead of last year and 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Five percent of the 2026 corn acreage had been harvested by September 6, one percentage point ahead of last year and 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By September 13, eighty-six percent of the corn crop had reached the dented stage, 3 percentage points ahead of last year and 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Forty-two percent of the Nation's corn crop was mature by September 13, three percentage points ahead of last year and 4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Eight percent of the 2026 corn acreage had been harvested by September 13, one percentage point ahead of last year and 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By September 27, ninety-six percent of the corn crop had reached the dented stage, 2 percentage points ahead of last year and 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. Seventy-two percent of the Nation's corn crop was mature by September 27, three percentage points ahead of last year and 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. Eighteen percent of the 2026 corn acreage had been harvested by September 27, one percentage point ahead of last year but equal to the 5-year average. On September 27, fifty-seven percent of the Nation's corn crop was rated in good to excellent condition, 9 percentage points below the same time last year. Twenty-six percent of the soybean crop had dropped leaves by September 6, six percentage points ahead of both last year and the 5-year average. By September 13, forty-four percent of the soybean crop had dropped leaves, 6 percentage points ahead of last year and 7 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Six percent of the 2026 soybean acreage had been harvested by September 13, one percentage point ahead of last year and 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By September 27, seventy-five percent of the soybean crop had dropped leaves, one percentage point behind last year but equal to the 5-year average. Seventeen percent of the 2026 soybean acreage had been harvested by September 27, one percentage point behind last year but equal to the 5-year average. On September 27, fifty-eight percent of the Nation's soybean crop was rated in good to excellent condition, 4 percentage points below the same time last year. Two percent of the intended 2027 winter wheat acreage had been planted by September 6, two percentage points behind last year and 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By September 13, eight percent of the intended 2027 winter wheat acreage had been planted, 2 percentage points behind last year and 4 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By September 27, twenty-seven percent of the intended 2027 winter wheat acreage had been planted, 5 percentage points behind last year and 7 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Eight percent of the winter wheat acreage had emerged by September 27, four percentage points behind last year and 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Ninety-six percent of the Nation's cotton crop was setting bolls by September 6, equal to both last year and the 5-year average. Forty percent of the Nation's cotton crop had bolls opening by September 6, two percentage points ahead of both last year and the 5-year average. Seven percent of the 2026 cotton acreage had been harvested by September 6, equal to last year but 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. By September 13, fifty-seven percent of the Nation's cotton crop had bolls opening, 8 percentage points ahead of last year and 9 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Eight percent of the 2026 cotton acreage had been harvested by September 13, one percentage point behind last year but equal to the 5-year average. Seventy percent of the Nation's cotton crop had bolls opening by September 27, four percentage points ahead of last year and 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Seventeen percent of the 2026 cotton acreage had been harvested by September 27, two percentage points ahead of both last year and the 5-year average. On September 27, thirty-five percent of the cotton crop was rated in good to excellent condition, 12 percentage points below the same time last year. Ninety-four percent of the sorghum crop had reached the headed stage by September 6, three percentage points behind last year and 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Sixty-eight percent of the sorghum crop had reached the coloring stage by September 6, one percentage point behind both last year and the 5-year average. Forty-one percent of the Nation's sorghum crop was mature by September 6, five percentage points ahead of last year and 8 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Twenty percent of the 2026 sorghum acreage had been harvested by September 6, equal to both last year and the 5-year average. By September 13, ninety-seven percent of the sorghum crop had reached the headed stage, 3 percentage points behind last year and 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Seventy-eight percent of the sorghum crop had reached the coloring stage by September 13, two percentage points behind both last year and the 5-year average. Forty-nine percent of the Nation's sorghum crop was mature by September 13, six percentage points ahead of last year and 8 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Twenty-two percent of the 2026 sorghum acreage had been harvested by September 13, equal to both last year and the 5-year average. By September 27, ninety-three percent of the sorghum crop had reached the coloring stage, 1 percentage point ahead of last year but 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Sixty-seven percent of the Nation's sorghum crop was mature by September 27, seven percentage points ahead of last year and 4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Twenty-nine percent of the 2026 sorghum acreage had been harvested by September 27, one percentage point ahead of last year but 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. On September 27, twenty-six percent of the sorghum crop was rated in good to excellent condition, 38 percentage points below the same time last year. Fifty percent of the Nation's rice acreage had been harvested by September 6, seven percentage points ahead of last year and 12 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By September 13, sixty-two percent of the Nation's rice acreage had been harvested, 3 percentage points ahead of last year and 12 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By September 27, eighty percent of the Nation's rice acreage had been harvested, four percentage points ahead of last year and 11 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Ninety-eight percent of the Nation's oat crop had been harvested by September 6, five percentage points ahead of both last year and the 5-year average. By September 6, oat harvest was complete in 5 of the 9 estimating States. Ninety percent of the barley acreage had been harvested by September 6, five percentage points ahead of both last year and the 5-year average. By September 13, ninety-four percent of the Nation's barley crop had been harvested, equal to last year but 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. Ninety-eight percent of the barley acreage had been harvested by September 20, equal to last year but 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Harvest progress was at or beyond 96 percent in all 5 estimating States. Eighty-six percent of the spring wheat acreage had been harvested by September 6, three percentage points ahead of both last year and the 5-year average. By September 13, ninety-three percent of the spring wheat acreage had been harvested, equal to last year but 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. Harvest progress was at or beyond 96 percent in 4 of the 6 estimating States. One percent of the 2026 peanuts acreage had been harvested by September 6, equal to both last year and the 5-year average. By September 13, two percent of the 2026 peanut acreage had been harvested, 1 percentage point behind last year but equal to the 5-year average. On September 13, sixty-one percent of the Nation's peanut crop was rated in good to excellent condition, 3 percentage points below the same time last year. By September 27, twelve percent of the 2026 peanut acreage had been harvested, 4 percentage points behind last year and 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. On September 27, fifty-eight percent of the Nation's peanut crop was rated in good to excellent condition, 3 percentage points above the same time last year. Eight percent of the 2026 sugarbeet acreage had been harvested by September 13, one percentage point ahead of both last year and the 5-year average. By September 27, sixteen percent of the 2026 sugarbeet crop had been harvested, 1 percentage point ahead of both last year and the 5-year average. Two percent of the 2026 sunflower crop had been harvested by September 27, two percentage points ahead of last year and 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. Crop Comments Corn: The 2026 area harvested for grain is forecast at 88.5 million acres, unchanged from the previous estimate but down 3 percent from last year. Production for grain is forecast at 16.0 billion bushels, up 1 percent from the previous forecast but down 5 percent from last year. If realized, this would be the second highest production for grain on record for the United States. Based on conditions as of October 1, the yield is forecast at 181.2 bushels per acre, up 2.7 bushels from the previous forecast but down 5.3 bushels from last year's record high 186.5 bushels per acre. Record high yields are forecast in Arkansas, Iowa, Kentucky, Mississippi, Ohio, and Tennessee. Ninety-six percent of the corn crop was at the dough stage by September 6, two percentage points ahead of both last year and the 5-year average. Ninety-six percent of the corn crop had reached the dented stage by September 27, two percentage points ahead of last year and 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. Eighty-three percent of the Nation's corn crop was mature by October 4, equal to the 5-year average. Twenty-three percent of the 2026 corn acreage had been harvested by October 4, four percentage points behind the 5-year average. On October 4, fifty-four percent of the Nation's corn crop was rated in good to excellent condition. Sorghum: Production is forecast at 291 million bushels, up 3 percent from the previous forecast but down 33 percent from last year. Based on October 1 conditions, yield is forecast at 55.7 bushels per acre, 1.3 bushels above the previous forecast but 16.9 bushels below the 2025 yield of 72.6 bushels per acre. By October 4, seventy-two percent of the Nation's sorghum acreage was mature, 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Thirty-two percent of the crop had been harvested, 6 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Twenty- six percent of the Nation's sorghum acreage was rated in good to excellent condition on October 4, even with the previous week. Rice: All rice production is forecast at 158 million cwt, down less than one percent from the previous forecast and down 24 percent from the previous year. Area for harvest is expected to total 2.06 million acres, unchanged from the previous estimate and down 25 percent from last year. Based on conditions as of October 1, the average United States yield is forecast at 7,668 pounds per acre, down 22 pounds per acre from the previous forecast but up 124 pounds per acre from 2025. As of October 4, eighty-six percent of the Nation's rice acreage was harvested, 7 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Soybeans: Production is forecast at a record 4.56 billion bushels, up 1 percent from the previous estimate and up 7 percent from last year. The forecasted yield, at a record 53.1 bushels per acre, is up 0.1 bushel from last year's final estimate of 53.0 bushels per acre. Acreage harvested for beans is forecast at 85.9 million acres, unchanged from the previous forecast but up 7 percent from last year. The October objective yield data for the 11 major soybean-producing States (Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, and South Dakota) indicate a lower pod count compared with the previous year. Compared with final counts for 2025, pod counts are down in 7 of the 11 published States. South Dakota showed the greatest decrease, down 414 pods per 18 square feet from the previous year. As of October 4, eighty-five percent of the United States soybean acreage was at or beyond the leaf dropping stage, 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Soybean harvest was 25 percent complete as of October 4, eight percentage points behind the 5-year average. As of October 4, fifty-seven percent of the Nation's soybean acreage was rated in good to excellent condition. If realized, the forecasted yield will be a record high in Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Mississippi, North Carolina, Ohio, and Tennessee. Sunflower: The first production forecast for 2026 is 2.30 billion pounds, down 1 percent from the revised 2025 production of 2.34 billion pounds. Area planted, at 1.35 million acres, is up less than 1 percent from the June estimate and up 5 percent from last year. Sunflower growers expect to harvest 1.31 million acres, up 1 percent from the June forecast and up 4 percent from 2025. Acreage updates were made in several States based on a thorough review of all available data. The October yield forecast, at 1,761 pounds per acre, is 100 pounds lower than last year's average yield but will still represent the fourth highest on record for the Nation, if realized. The forecasted production in North Dakota, the leading sunflower-producing State this year, is 1.06 billion pounds, a decrease of 3 percent from 2025. Compared with last year, the average yield forecast of 1,740 pounds per acre in North Dakota is down 217 pounds per acre. In South Dakota, the average yield is forecast at 1,959 pounds per acre, down 16 pounds per acre from last year's record high. As of October 4, six percent of the Nation's sunflower acreage was harvested, 4 percentage points ahead of last year's pace and 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average pace. Peanuts: Production is forecast at 5.11 billion pounds in 2026, down 3 percent from the previous forecast and down 28 percent from the revised 2025 total of 7.10 billion pounds. Area harvested is expected to total 1.36 million acres, unchanged from the previous forecast but down 28 percent from the revised 2025 total of 1.90 million acres. Based on conditions as of October 1, the average yield for the United States is forecast at 3,766 pounds per acre, down 113 pounds per acre from the previous forecast but up 20 pounds per acre from the revised 2025 yield of 3,746 pounds per acre. As of October 4, twenty-two percent of the Nation's peanut acreage was harvested, 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. As of October 4, fifty-seven percent of the peanut acreage was rated in good to excellent condition. Canola: The first production forecast for 2026 is a record high 5.37 billion pounds, up 15 percent from the 2025 revised production. Production in Minnesota, North Dakota, and Washington will be the highest on record, if realized. Production in Montana will be the second highest on record, if realized. Area planted for the Nation, at a record high 3.01 million acres, is up 2 percent from the June estimate and up 29 percent from last year. Canola farmers expect to harvest a record high 2.97 million acres, up 2 percent from June and up 29 percent from 2025. Acreage updates were made in several States based on a thorough review of all available data. The October yield forecast, at 1,811 pounds per acre, is 206 pounds less than last year's revised yield but will still represent the sixth highest yield on record, if realized. Compared with last year, the average yield in Montana and Washington are up 130 pounds and 220 pounds per acre, respectively. Meanwhile, the average yield forecast is expected to decline from last year in Kansas, Minnesota, North Dakota, and Oklahoma. The yield in North Dakota, the largest canola-producing State, is forecast at 1,830 pounds per acre, down 290 pounds from last year's yield. Planted area in North Dakota is estimated at a record high 2.33 million acres, up 29 percent from last year. Planting of this year's canola crop in North Dakota progressed ahead of last year's pace and the 5-year average pace throughout the month of May and June. As of June 7, ninety-five percent of the crop had been planted, 3 percentage points ahead of last year's pace and 7 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Blooming of the canola crop began in late June but lagged behind both last year's pace and the 5-year average pace. As of June 28, twenty-five percent of the canola acreage was at or past the blooming stage, 8 percentage points behind last year's pace and 4 percentage points behind the 5-year average pace. Harvest began in mid-August and progressed to 94 percent complete by October 4, six percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Cotton: All cotton production is forecast at 13.4 million 480-pound bales, up 2 percent from the previous forecast but down 3 percent from 2025. Based on conditions as of October 1, yields are expected to average 790 pounds per harvested acre, up 14 pounds from the previous forecast but down 62 pounds from 2025. Upland cotton production is forecast at 13.1 million 480-pound bales, up 2 percent from the previous forecast but down 3 percent from 2025. Pima cotton production is forecast at 383,000 bales, down 2 percent from the previous month and down 5 percent from 2025. On October 4, seventy-four percent of the Nation's cotton acreage had bolls opening, 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By October 4, twenty- three percent of the 2026 cotton acreage had been harvested, 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. At that time, thirty-three percent of the crop was rated in good to excellent condition, 2 percentage points lower than the previous week. Ginnings totaled 917,150 running bales prior to October 1. Alfalfa and alfalfa mixtures: Production of alfalfa and alfalfa mixture dry hay for 2026 is forecast at 50.6 million tons, up 6 percent from the August forecast and up 1 percent from 2025. Based on October 1 conditions, yields are expected to average 3.44 tons per acre, up 0.19 ton from the August forecast and up 0.02 ton from last year. Harvested area is forecast at 14.7 million acres, unchanged from the previous forecast but up slightly from 2025. Record high yields are forecast for Iowa, Utah, and Wisconsin. Other hay: Production of other hay is forecast at 70.0 million tons, up 7 percent from the August forecast but down 4 percent from 2025. Based on October 1 conditions, the United States yield is expected to average 1.99 tons per acre, up 0.12 ton from the August forecast but down 0.10 ton from last year. Harvested area is forecast at 35.1 million acres, unchanged from the previous forecast but up 1 percent from 2025. A record low production is expected in Illinois. Dry beans: Production of dry edible beans is forecast at 21.6 million cwt, down 8 percent from the previous estimate and down 20 percent from 2025. Acreage updates were made based on a thorough review of all available data. Area planted is estimated at 1.15 million acres, down 1 percent from the August forecast and down 16 percent from 2025. Area harvested is forecast at 1.11 million acres, down 1 percent from the August forecast and down 17 percent from 2025. The yield is forecast at 1,935 pounds per acre, a decrease of 144 pounds from the previous forecast and down 77 pounds from last season. Tobacco: The 2026 United States all tobacco production is forecast at 383 million pounds, down 3 percent from the previous forecast but up 7 percent from 2025. Area harvested, at 170,500 acres, is unchanged from the previous forecast but down less than 1 percent from 2025. Yield for the 2026 tobacco crop year is forecast at 2,248 pounds per acre, down 65 pounds from last month but up 155 pounds from last year's average. Sugarbeets: Production of sugarbeets for the 2026 crop year is forecast at 31.1 million tons, down 2 percent from last month and down 11 percent from last year. Producers expect to harvest 1.01 million acres, unchanged from the previous estimate but down 5 percent from last year. Yield is forecast at 30.8 tons per acre, down 0.7 ton from the previous estimate and down 2.4 tons from last year. Sugarcane: Production for sugar and seed is estimated at 33.4 million tons, down 1 percent from last month and down 3 percent from 2025. Producers intend to harvest 944,000 acres for sugar and seed during the 2026 crop year, down 1 percent from the previous estimate and down slightly from last season. Yields for sugar and seed are estimated to average 35.3 tons per acre, down 0.1 ton from last month and down 1.1 tons from 2025. Record high production for sugarcane for sugar and seed is estimated in Louisiana. Oranges: The United States all orange forecast for the 2026-2027 season is 2.52 million tons, down 3 percent from the 2025-2026 final utilization. The California all orange forecast is 50.5 million boxes (2.02 million tons), up 2 percent from last season's final utilization. The California Navel orange forecast is 42.0 million boxes (1.68 million tons), unchanged from last month but up 2 percent from the last season's final utilization. The California Valencia orange forecast is 8.50 million boxes (340,000 tons), unchanged from last season's final utilization. The Florida all orange forecast, at 10.0 million boxes (450,000 tons), is down 23 percent from the last season's final utilization. In Florida, early, midseason, and Navel varieties are forecast at 3.00 million boxes (135,000 tons), down 37 percent from last season's final utilization. The Florida Valencia orange forecast, at 7.00 million boxes (315,000 tons), is down 14 percent from last season's final utilization. The Texas all orange forecast, at 1.20 million boxes (51,000 tons), is up 10 percent from last season's final utilization. Grapefruit: The United States 2026-2027 grapefruit crop is forecast at 343,000 tons, up 8 percent from last season's final utilization. The California forecast, at 4.80 million boxes (192,000 tons), is up 9 percent from 2025-2026 season. The Florida forecast, at 1.30 million boxes (55,000 tons), is down 4 percent from the last season. Lemons: The 2026-2027 United States lemon crop is forecast at 1.20 million tons, up 8 percent from last season's final utilization. The California forecast, at 28.0 million boxes (1.12 million tons), is up 8 percent from the 2025-2026 season. The Florida forecast, at 950,000 boxes (43,000 tons), is up 6 percent from last year. Tangerines and mandarins: The United States tangerine and mandarin crop is forecast at 1.30 million tons, up 3 percent from last season's final utilization. The California tangerine and mandarin forecast, at 32.0 million boxes (1.28 million tons), is up 3 percent from the previous year. The Florida tangerine and mandarin forecast, at 450,000 boxes (21,000 tons), is down 2 percent from the previous year. Walnuts: The 2026 California walnut utilized production (in-shell basis) is forecast at 680,000 tons, down 16 percent from the 2025 utilized production (in-shell basis) of 809,000 tons. The forecast is based on the Walnut Objective Measurement Survey. Survey data indicated an average nut set per tree of 796, down 18 percent from the 2025 average of 972. The complete report is available at: https://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_State/California/Publications/Special ty_and_Other_Releases/Walnut/Objective-Measurement/202610walom.pdf Pecans: Production is forecast at 301 million pounds, up 6 percent from 2025. Improved varieties are expected to produce 287 million pounds, or 95 percent of the total. The native and seedling varieties are expected to produce 14.5 million pounds, making up the remaining 5 percent of production. Statistical Methodology Field crop survey procedures: Objective yield and farm operator surveys were conducted between September 24 and October 5 to gather information on expected yield as of October 1. The objective yield surveys for corn, cotton, and soybeans were conducted in the major producing States that usually account for about 75 percent of the United States production. Randomly selected plots were revisited to make current counts. The counts made within each sample plot depend on the crop and the maturity of that crop. In all cases, plant counts are recorded along with other measurements that provide information to forecast the number of ears, bolls, or pods and their weight. The counts are used with similar data from previous years to develop a projected biological yield. The average harvesting loss is subtracted to obtain a net yield. The plots are visited starting in September and are revisited each month until crop maturity when the fruit is harvested and weighed. After the farm operator has harvested the sample field, another plot is sampled to obtain current year harvesting loss. The farm operator survey was conducted primarily by telephone with some use of mail, internet, and personal interviewers. Approximately 8,300 producers were interviewed during the survey period and asked questions about probable yield. These growers will continue to be surveyed throughout the growing season to provide indications of average yields. Orange survey procedures: In Florida, during August and September, the number of bearing trees and the number of fruit per tree is determined. In August, September, December, and March, fruit size measurement and fruit droppage surveys are conducted, which are combined with the previous components to develop the current forecast of production. California and Texas conduct grower surveys on a quarterly basis in October, January, April, and July. California also conducts objective measurement surveys in September for Navel oranges and in March for Valencia oranges. Field crop estimating procedures: The Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB) reviews multiple data sources at the National and State level, including USDA administrative acreage data, satellite imagery, and objective yield and grower reported data. All data were reviewed for reasonableness and consistency with historical estimates. The data were also reviewed considering weather patterns and crop progress compared with previous months and previous years. Orange estimating procedures: State level objective measurement estimates for Florida oranges were reviewed for errors, reasonableness, and consistency with historical estimates. Reports from growers in California and Texas were also used for setting estimates. The ASB analyzes the survey data to prepare the published October 1 forecast. Revision policy: The October 1 production forecast will not be revised; instead, a new forecast will be made each month throughout the growing season. End-of-season estimates are made after harvest. At the end of the marketing season, a balance sheet is calculated using carryover stocks, production, exports, millings, feeding, and ending stocks. Revisions are then made if the balance sheet relationships or other administrative data warrant changes. Estimates of acres for barley, corn, cotton, dry edible beans, oats, peanuts, rice, sorghum, soybeans, sugarbeets, and wheat are subject to revision in the August Crop Production report. Acres for chickpeas, corn, cotton, dry edible peas, lentils, peanuts, rice, sorghum, soybeans, and sugarbeets are subject to revision in the September Crop Production report each year. Barley, oats, rye, and wheat end-of-season estimates are published in the Small Grains Annual Summary report at the end of September. Canola, dry edible beans, and sunflower acres are subject to revision in the October Crop Production report. Potato acres are subject to revision in the November Crop Production report. End-of-season estimates for all other row crops are published in the Annual Crop Production Summary in January. Revisions to planted acres will only be made when either special survey data, administrative data, such as Farm Service Agency program "sign up" data, or remote sensing data are available. Harvested acres may be revised any time a production forecast is made if there is strong evidence that the intended harvested area has changed since the last forecast. End-of-season orange estimates will be published in August Citrus Fruits Summary. The orange production estimates are based on all data available at the end of the marketing season, including information from marketing orders, shipments, and processor records. Allowances are made for recorded local utilization and home use. Reliability: To assist users in evaluating the reliability of the October 1 production forecast, the "Root Mean Square Error," a statistical measure based on past performance, is computed. The deviation between the October 1 production forecast and the final estimate is expressed as a percentage of the final estimate. The average of the squared percentage deviations for the latest 20-year period is computed. The square root of the average becomes statistically the "Root Mean Square Error." Probability statements can be made concerning expected differences in the current forecast relative to the final end-of-season estimate, assuming that factors affecting this year's forecast are not different from those influencing recent years. For example, the "Root Mean Square Error" for the October 1 corn for grain production forecast is 2.0 percent. This means that chances are 2 out of 3 that the current production forecast will not be above or below the final estimate by more than 2.0 percent. Chances are 9 out of 10 (90 percent confidence level) that the difference will not exceed 3.5 percent. Also, shown in the following table is a 20-year record for selected crops of the differences between the October 1 forecast and the final estimate. Using corn again as an example, changes between the October 1 forecast and the final estimate during the last 20 years have averaged 221 million bushels, ranging from 1 million bushels to 635 million bushels. The October 1 forecast has been below the final estimate 7 times and above 11 times. This does not imply that the October 1 corn forecast this year is likely to understate or overstate final production. Reliability of October 1 Crop Production Forecasts [Based on data for the past twenty years] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : : : Difference between forecast : : : and final estimate : : :---------------------------------------- : :90 percent : Production : Years Crop : Root mean :confidence :---------------------------------------- :square error: interval : : : : Below : Above : : :Average:Smallest:Largest: final : final ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : ---- percent --- ------ millions ----- number : Corn for grain ........bushels: 2.0 3.5 221 1 635 7 11 Hay : Alfalfa .................tons: 5.7 9.9 3 (Z) 7 5 13 Other ...................tons: 4.2 7.3 3 (Z) 6 2 16 Oranges 1/ ...............tons: 9.2 16.0 299 2 1,102 2 16 Peanut 1/ ..............pounds: 6.2 10.7 285 17 729 10 8 Rice ......................cwt: 1.9 3.2 3 (Z) 12 10 8 Sorghum for grain .....bushels: 9.6 16.6 19 2 57 8 10 Soybeans for beans ....bushels: 2.7 4.6 69 1 261 12 6 Sugarbeets for sugar .....tons: 5.2 9.0 1 (Z) 5 6 12 Sugarcane ................tons: 4.9 8.4 1 (Z) 3 12 7 Upland cotton 1/ ........bales: 6.7 11.6 843 76 2,439 6 12 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (Z) Less than half of the unit shown. 1/ Quantity is in thousands of units. USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service - Estimation Branch Contacts For more information about specific data items, please contact the Estimation Branch staff members below. You can also email inquiries to nass@usda.gov. Anthony Prillaman, Associate Deputy Administrator................................................................ ............................................................................. ............................................................................. .................................................... (202) 720-2127 Darin Jantzi, Section Chief........................................................................ ............................................................................. ............................................................................. .................................................................. (701) 412- 5953 Crops: Apricots, Bell Peppers, Broccoli, Canola, Cauliflower, Chile Peppers, Cucumbers, Hemp, Macadamias, Mustard Seed, Nectarines, Peaches, Plums, Pumpkins, Prunes, Rapeseed, Rye, Safflower, Soybeans, Squash, Sunflower Jeff Lemmons, Section Chief........................................................................ ............................................................................. ............................................................................. .................................................................. (202) 973- 3272 Crops: Artichokes, Avocados, Cabbage, Crop Progress, Dates, Dry Edible Beans, Grapes, Green Peas, Hops, Olives, Pistachios, Potatoes, Rice, Snap Beans, Sugarbeets, Sugarcane, Sweet Potatoes, Tomatoes, Walnuts, Wheat Fleming Gibson, Section Chief (Acting)..................................................................... ............................................................................. ............................................................................. .......................................................... (202) 236-2428 Crops: Almonds, Asparagus, Barley, Beets, Blueberries, Carrots, Chickpeas, Coffee, Corn, Cranberries, Dry Edible Peas, Garlic, Grapefruit, Lemons, Lentils, Mandarins/Tangerines, Maple, Mushrooms, Onions, Oranges, Papayas, Pears, Pecans, Raspberries, Sweet Corn, Tobacco Julie Weber, Section Chief........................................................................ ............................................................................. ............................................................................. ................................................................... (202) 317-0165 Crops: Apples, Cantaloupe, Cotton, Cotton Ginnings, Cotton System Consumption and Stocks, Fats and Oils, Flaxseed, Flour Milling Products, Grain Crushings, Hay, Hazelnuts, Honeydew, Kale, Kiwifruit, Lettuce, Mint, Oats, Peanuts, Proso Millet, Sorghum, Spinach, Strawberries, Sweet Cherries, Tart Cherries, Watermelon Access to NASS Reports For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways: All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: www.nass.usda.gov. The national specific reports are available via a free e-mail subscription. To set-up this free subscription, visit www.nass.usda.gov and click on "National" in upper right corner above "search" box to create an account and select the reports you would like to receive. Economics, Statistics, and Market Information (ESMIS) - National Agricultural Library (NAL) website houses NASS's and other agency archived reports at https://esmis.nal.usda.gov. 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