Small Grains ISSN: 1949-162X Released September 30, 2026, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). All wheat production totaled 1.53 billion bushels in 2026, down 23 percent from the revised 2025 total. Area harvested for grain totaled 31.9 million acres, down 15 percent from 2025. The average yield for the Nation was 48.1 bushels per acre, down 5.2 bushels from the previous year. By type, production was estimated at 1.02 billion bushels for winter wheat; 450 million bushels for other spring wheat; and 64.8 million bushels for Durum wheat. Production for oats in 2026 was estimated at 69.1 million bushels, down 1 percent from 2025. Area harvested for grain, at 917 thousand acres, was down 3 percent from last year. Yield was estimated at 75.3 bushels per acre, up 1.5 bushels from the previous year. Barley production for the Nation was estimated at 116 million bushels, down 19 percent from 2025. Area harvested for grain, at 1.60 million acres, was down 10 percent from last year. The average yield, at 72.1 bushels per acre, was down 7.8 bushels from the previous year. This report was approved on September 30, 2026. Secretary of Agriculture Designate Brooke Appleton Agricultural Statistics Board Chairperson Lance Honig Contents Oat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024-2026................. 7 Barley Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024-2026.............. 9 All Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024-2026........... 11 Winter Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024-2026........ 13 Other Spring Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024-2026.. 15 Durum Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024-2026......... 16 Wheat Production by Class - United States: 2024-2026........................................................ 16 Winter Wheat Production Distribution by Class - States: 2025 and 2026....................................... 17 Other Spring Wheat (excluding Durum) Production Distribution by Class - States: 2025 and 2026............... 18 Winter Wheat Heads per Square Foot - Selected States: 2022-2026............................................. 19 Rye Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024-2026................. 20 Small Grain Annual Summary Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2025-2026............................................................................ 21 Small Grain Annual Summary Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2025-2026.................................................................................... 21 Crop Comments............................................................................................... 22 Statistical Methodology..................................................................................... 24 Information Contacts........................................................................................ 25 This page intentionally left blank. Oat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024-2026 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted 1/ : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2026 : 2024 : 2025 : 2026 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Georgia ...........: 65 85 100 21 20 20 Idaho .............: 40 40 70 10 14 32 Illinois ..........: 50 50 50 17 14 9 Iowa ..............: 145 120 130 73 50 68 Kansas ............: 160 160 190 26 35 34 Maine .............: 20 18 20 16 17 19 Michigan ..........: 50 45 50 33 21 31 Minnesota .........: 205 245 230 140 165 150 Montana ...........: 65 80 130 27 38 40 Nebraska ..........: 120 125 155 36 20 29 : New York ..........: 60 43 55 40 30 22 North Carolina ....: 41 43 56 14 16 21 North Dakota ......: 285 335 360 137 175 175 Ohio ..............: 40 50 45 20 30 22 Oregon ............: 20 13 15 11 5 10 Pennsylvania ......: 74 68 82 51 46 49 South Dakota ......: 270 315 345 88 135 80 Texas .............: 380 385 410 68 48 45 Wisconsin .........: 145 150 145 66 65 61 : United States .....: 2,235 2,370 2,638 894 944 917 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Oat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024-2026 (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2026 : 2024 : 2025 : 2026 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------- bushels ---------- -------- 1,000 bushels ------- : Georgia ...........: 62.0 59.0 55.0 1,302 1,180 1,100 Idaho .............: 92.0 60.0 54.0 920 840 1,728 Illinois ..........: 93.0 99.0 105.0 1,581 1,386 945 Iowa ..............: 82.0 92.0 100.0 5,986 4,600 6,800 Kansas ............: 66.0 58.0 45.0 1,716 2,030 1,530 Maine .............: 73.0 86.0 84.0 1,168 1,462 1,596 Michigan ..........: 66.0 72.0 75.0 2,178 1,512 2,325 Minnesota .........: 88.0 87.0 92.0 12,320 14,355 13,800 Montana ...........: 33.0 44.0 59.0 891 1,672 2,360 Nebraska ..........: 69.0 50.0 52.0 2,484 1,000 1,508 : New York ..........: 65.0 54.0 58.0 2,600 1,620 1,276 North Carolina ....: 73.0 73.0 54.0 1,022 1,168 1,134 North Dakota ......: 98.0 77.0 74.0 13,426 13,475 12,950 Ohio ..............: 68.0 74.0 81.0 1,360 2,220 1,782 Oregon ............: 98.0 80.0 92.0 1,078 400 920 Pennsylvania ......: 59.0 52.0 57.0 3,009 2,392 2,793 South Dakota ......: 88.0 86.0 96.0 7,744 11,610 7,680 Texas .............: 46.0 53.0 52.0 3,128 2,544 2,340 Wisconsin .........: 67.0 64.0 74.0 4,422 4,160 4,514 : United States .....: 76.4 73.8 75.3 68,335 69,626 69,081 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Includes area planted in preceding fall. Barley Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024-2026 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area planted 1/ : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2026 : 2024 : 2025 : 2026 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres : Alaska ...........: 7 7 6 5 6 5 Arizona ..........: 13 10 9 12 9 8 California .......: 47 43 38 24 23 24 Colorado .........: 57 45 37 40 40 25 Delaware .........: 21 20 20 14 13 15 Idaho ............: 530 520 445 510 495 380 Kansas ...........: 9 9 11 3 4 6 Maine ............: 10 6 5 9 5 4 Maryland .........: 31 30 27 19 19 12 Michigan .........: 8 7 6 6 3 5 : Minnesota ........: 34 40 39 21 20 29 Montana ..........: 910 790 860 720 600 650 New York .........: 8 5 5 5 4 4 North Carolina ...: 16 14 14 10 9 9 North Dakota .....: 370 450 415 285 360 290 Oregon ...........: 31 30 25 20 23 12 Pennsylvania .....: 40 45 48 30 26 30 South Dakota .....: 34 42 39 5 11 11 Utah .............: 15 16 13 12 10 8 Virginia .........: 24 26 23 9 6 7 : Washington .......: 80 69 53 70 49 37 Wisconsin ........: 11 12 11 5 3 3 Wyoming ..........: 75 71 57 51 45 30 : United States ....: 2,381 2,307 2,206 1,885 1,783 1,604 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Barley Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024-2026 (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Yield : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2026 : 2024 : 2025 : 2026 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : ---------- bushels ---------- -------- 1,000 bushels -------- : Alaska ...........: 46.0 47.0 50.0 230 282 250 Arizona ..........: 102.0 107.0 81.0 1,224 963 648 California .......: 58.0 72.0 61.0 1,392 1,656 1,464 Colorado .........: 145.0 126.0 114.0 5,800 5,040 2,850 Delaware .........: 85.0 95.0 84.0 1,190 1,235 1,260 Idaho ............: 109.0 112.0 100.0 55,590 55,440 38,000 Kansas ...........: 75.0 51.0 51.0 225 204 306 Maine ............: 65.0 79.0 91.0 585 395 364 Maryland .........: 82.0 96.0 80.0 1,558 1,824 960 Michigan .........: 45.0 57.0 60.0 270 171 300 : Minnesota ........: 70.0 75.0 76.0 1,470 1,500 2,204 Montana ..........: 51.0 54.0 56.0 36,720 32,400 36,400 New York .........: 60.0 54.0 62.0 300 216 248 North Carolina ...: 75.0 71.0 72.0 750 639 648 North Dakota .....: 74.0 78.0 67.0 21,090 28,080 19,430 Oregon ...........: 47.0 43.0 66.0 940 989 792 Pennsylvania .....: 81.0 80.0 81.0 2,430 2,080 2,430 South Dakota .....: 57.0 50.0 38.0 285 550 418 Utah .............: 90.0 74.0 77.0 1,080 740 616 Virginia .........: 84.0 87.0 81.0 756 522 567 : Washington .......: 66.0 49.0 58.0 4,620 2,401 2,146 Wisconsin ........: 45.0 47.0 62.0 225 141 186 Wyoming ..........: 112.0 112.0 106.0 5,712 5,040 3,180 : United States ....: 76.6 79.9 72.1 144,442 142,508 115,667 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Includes area planted in preceding fall. All Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024-2026 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted 1/ : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2026 : 2024 : 2025 : 2026 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Alabama ...........: 110 110 75 60 60 40 Arizona ...........: 59 50 56 58 49 55 Arkansas ..........: 130 110 90 85 70 40 California ........: 350 305 295 108 124 119 Colorado ..........: 2,100 2,150 2,100 1,840 1,920 1,200 Delaware ..........: 70 53 50 52 41 40 Georgia ...........: 145 165 155 60 65 60 Idaho .............: 1,210 1,225 1,255 1,135 1,150 1,155 Illinois ..........: 770 780 700 700 700 650 Indiana ...........: 310 320 295 240 240 230 : Kansas ............: 7,600 7,300 6,700 7,150 6,800 5,900 Kentucky ..........: 560 490 420 390 330 260 Maryland ..........: 325 315 275 180 160 150 Michigan ..........: 400 530 490 375 490 445 Minnesota .........: 1,220 1,150 1,030 1,180 1,100 1,000 Mississippi .......: 60 65 55 35 45 20 Missouri ..........: 680 650 570 485 460 390 Montana ...........: 5,330 5,355 5,120 5,080 4,945 4,870 Nebraska ..........: 1,000 950 910 920 805 520 New Mexico ........: 375 370 370 150 155 70 : New York ..........: 135 150 150 120 110 125 North Carolina ....: 410 350 310 330 270 235 North Dakota ......: 6,575 6,430 5,510 6,475 6,325 5,395 Ohio ..............: 530 570 520 475 530 470 Oklahoma ..........: 4,400 4,150 4,050 2,900 2,800 2,000 Oregon ............: 750 760 740 730 750 720 Pennsylvania ......: 250 265 260 200 190 185 South Carolina ....: 80 80 70 65 60 50 South Dakota ......: 1,520 1,460 1,250 1,395 1,270 1,070 Tennessee .........: 385 345 255 325 265 175 : Texas .............: 5,500 5,500 5,500 2,600 2,300 1,600 Utah ..............: 115 120 110 99 102 95 Virginia ..........: 150 130 110 85 70 50 Washington ........: 2,295 2,325 2,325 2,240 2,255 2,270 Wisconsin .........: 265 300 240 220 250 195 Wyoming ...........: 110 110 110 91 89 50 : United States .....: 46,274 45,488 42,521 38,633 37,345 31,899 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued All Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024-2026 (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2026 : 2024 : 2025 : 2026 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------- bushels --------- --------- 1,000 bushels --------- : Alabama ...........: 71.0 71.0 79.0 4,260 4,260 3,160 Arizona ...........: 109.0 117.0 90.0 6,322 5,733 4,950 Arkansas ..........: 56.0 57.0 56.0 4,760 3,990 2,240 California ........: 84.4 90.4 83.4 9,114 11,210 9,919 Colorado ..........: 35.0 38.0 17.0 64,400 72,960 20,400 Delaware ..........: 72.0 86.0 75.0 3,744 3,526 3,000 Georgia ...........: 59.0 66.0 62.0 3,540 4,290 3,720 Idaho .............: 89.0 93.5 77.2 101,015 107,550 89,210 Illinois ..........: 86.0 88.0 87.0 60,200 61,600 56,550 Indiana ...........: 89.0 89.0 85.0 21,360 21,360 19,550 : Kansas ............: 43.0 51.0 34.0 307,450 346,800 200,600 Kentucky ..........: 75.0 81.0 82.0 29,250 26,730 21,320 Maryland ..........: 75.0 79.0 79.0 13,500 12,640 11,850 Michigan ..........: 87.0 90.0 87.0 32,625 44,100 38,715 Minnesota .........: 68.5 69.0 63.0 80,830 75,900 63,000 Mississippi .......: 50.0 60.0 55.0 1,750 2,700 1,100 Missouri ..........: 75.0 80.0 73.0 36,375 36,800 28,470 Montana ...........: 34.1 36.8 37.2 173,420 182,220 181,310 Nebraska ..........: 52.0 47.0 33.0 47,840 37,835 17,160 New Mexico ........: 12.0 31.0 20.0 1,800 4,805 1,400 : New York ..........: 75.0 71.0 69.0 9,000 7,810 8,625 North Carolina ....: 57.0 60.0 53.0 18,810 16,200 12,455 North Dakota ......: 56.9 52.8 49.1 368,285 334,055 264,665 Ohio ..............: 85.0 86.0 83.0 40,375 45,580 39,010 Oklahoma ..........: 38.0 38.0 28.0 110,200 106,400 56,000 Oregon ............: 70.0 71.0 76.0 51,100 53,250 54,720 Pennsylvania ......: 75.0 72.0 74.0 15,000 13,680 13,690 South Carolina ....: 54.0 60.0 57.0 3,510 3,600 2,850 South Dakota ......: 56.6 50.5 48.7 78,995 64,140 52,070 Tennessee .........: 75.0 74.0 77.0 24,375 19,610 13,475 : Texas .............: 31.0 37.0 31.0 80,600 85,100 49,600 Utah ..............: 49.0 51.0 40.0 4,851 5,202 3,800 Virginia ..........: 66.0 66.0 55.0 5,610 4,620 2,750 Washington ........: 64.1 62.6 72.9 143,570 141,250 165,470 Wisconsin .........: 82.0 76.0 83.0 18,040 19,000 16,185 Wyoming ...........: 31.0 30.0 15.0 2,821 2,670 750 : United States .....: 51.2 53.3 48.1 1,978,697 1,989,176 1,533,739 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Includes area planted in preceding fall. Winter Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024-2026 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted 1/ : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2026 : 2024 : 2025 : 2026 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Alabama ...........: 110 110 75 60 60 40 Arkansas ..........: 130 110 90 85 70 40 California ........: 325 290 280 85 110 105 Colorado ..........: 2,100 2,150 2,100 1,840 1,920 1,200 Delaware ..........: 70 53 50 52 41 40 Georgia ...........: 145 165 155 60 65 60 Idaho .............: 760 790 840 700 730 760 Illinois ..........: 770 780 700 700 700 650 Indiana ...........: 310 320 295 240 240 230 Kansas ............: 7,600 7,300 6,700 7,150 6,800 5,900 : Kentucky ..........: 560 490 420 390 330 260 Maryland ..........: 325 315 275 180 160 150 Michigan ..........: 400 530 490 375 490 445 Mississippi .......: 60 65 55 35 45 20 Missouri ..........: 680 650 570 485 460 390 Montana ...........: 1,950 2,250 1,800 1,830 2,110 1,670 Nebraska ..........: 1,000 950 910 920 805 520 New Mexico ........: 375 370 370 150 155 70 New York ..........: 135 150 150 120 110 125 North Carolina ....: 410 350 310 330 270 235 : North Dakota ......: 125 100 60 120 85 50 Ohio ..............: 530 570 520 475 530 470 Oklahoma ..........: 4,400 4,150 4,050 2,900 2,800 2,000 Oregon ............: 750 760 740 730 750 720 Pennsylvania ......: 250 265 260 200 190 185 South Carolina ....: 80 80 70 65 60 50 South Dakota ......: 860 780 640 760 630 490 Tennessee .........: 385 345 255 325 265 175 Texas .............: 5,500 5,500 5,500 2,600 2,300 1,600 Utah ..............: 115 120 110 99 102 95 : Virginia ..........: 150 130 110 85 70 50 Washington ........: 1,800 1,850 1,900 1,750 1,790 1,850 Wisconsin .........: 265 300 240 220 250 195 Wyoming ...........: 110 110 110 91 89 50 : United States .....: 33,535 33,248 31,200 26,207 25,582 20,890 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Winter Wheat Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024-2026 (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2026 : 2024 : 2025 : 2026 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------- bushels --------- --------- 1,000 bushels --------- : Alabama ...........: 71.0 71.0 79.0 4,260 4,260 3,160 Arkansas ..........: 56.0 57.0 56.0 4,760 3,990 2,240 California ........: 78.0 86.0 79.0 6,630 9,460 8,295 Colorado ..........: 35.0 38.0 17.0 64,400 72,960 20,400 Delaware ..........: 72.0 86.0 75.0 3,744 3,526 3,000 Georgia ...........: 59.0 66.0 62.0 3,540 4,290 3,720 Idaho .............: 89.0 99.0 81.0 62,300 72,270 61,560 Illinois ..........: 86.0 88.0 87.0 60,200 61,600 56,550 Indiana ...........: 89.0 89.0 85.0 21,360 21,360 19,550 Kansas ............: 43.0 51.0 34.0 307,450 346,800 200,600 : Kentucky ..........: 75.0 81.0 82.0 29,250 26,730 21,320 Maryland ..........: 75.0 79.0 79.0 13,500 12,640 11,850 Michigan ..........: 87.0 90.0 87.0 32,625 44,100 38,715 Mississippi .......: 50.0 60.0 55.0 1,750 2,700 1,100 Missouri ..........: 75.0 80.0 73.0 36,375 36,800 28,470 Montana ...........: 50.0 47.0 43.0 91,500 99,170 71,810 Nebraska ..........: 52.0 47.0 33.0 47,840 37,835 17,160 New Mexico ........: 12.0 31.0 20.0 1,800 4,805 1,400 New York ..........: 75.0 71.0 69.0 9,000 7,810 8,625 North Carolina ....: 57.0 60.0 53.0 18,810 16,200 12,455 : North Dakota ......: 54.0 49.0 49.0 6,480 4,165 2,450 Ohio ..............: 85.0 86.0 83.0 40,375 45,580 39,010 Oklahoma ..........: 38.0 38.0 28.0 110,200 106,400 56,000 Oregon ............: 70.0 71.0 76.0 51,100 53,250 54,720 Pennsylvania ......: 75.0 72.0 74.0 15,000 13,680 13,690 South Carolina ....: 54.0 60.0 57.0 3,510 3,600 2,850 South Dakota ......: 63.0 50.0 53.0 47,880 31,500 25,970 Tennessee .........: 75.0 74.0 77.0 24,375 19,610 13,475 Texas .............: 31.0 37.0 31.0 80,600 85,100 49,600 Utah ..............: 49.0 51.0 40.0 4,851 5,202 3,800 : Virginia ..........: 66.0 66.0 55.0 5,610 4,620 2,750 Washington ........: 70.0 68.0 79.0 122,500 121,720 146,150 Wisconsin .........: 82.0 76.0 83.0 18,040 19,000 16,185 Wyoming ...........: 31.0 30.0 15.0 2,821 2,670 750 : United States .....: 51.7 54.9 48.8 1,354,436 1,405,403 1,019,380 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Includes area planted in preceding fall. Other Spring Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024-2026 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2026 : 2024 : 2025 : 2026 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Idaho ........: 450 435 415 435 420 395 Minnesota ....: 1,220 1,150 1,030 1,180 1,100 1,000 Montana ......: 2,500 2,200 2,550 2,390 2,000 2,500 North Dakota .: 5,350 5,100 4,550 5,260 5,030 4,480 South Dakota .: 660 680 610 635 640 580 Washington ...: 495 475 425 490 465 420 : United States : 10,675 10,040 9,580 10,390 9,655 9,375 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2026 : 2024 : 2025 : 2026 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------- bushels --------- -------- 1,000 bushels -------- : Idaho ........: 89.0 84.0 70.0 38,715 35,280 27,650 Minnesota ....: 68.5 69.0 63.0 80,830 75,900 63,000 Montana ......: 26.0 29.0 34.0 62,140 58,000 85,000 North Dakota .: 59.0 55.0 51.0 310,340 276,650 228,480 South Dakota .: 49.0 51.0 45.0 31,115 32,640 26,100 Washington ...: 43.0 42.0 46.0 21,070 19,530 19,320 : United States : 52.4 51.6 48.0 544,210 498,000 449,550 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Durum Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024-2026 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2026 : 2024 : 2025 : 2026 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Arizona .........: 59 50 56 58 49 55 California ......: 25 15 15 23 14 14 Montana .........: 880 905 770 860 835 700 North Dakota ....: 1,100 1,230 900 1,095 1,210 865 : United States ...: 2,064 2,200 1,741 2,036 2,108 1,634 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2026 : 2024 : 2025 : 2026 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------- bushels ---------- -------- 1,000 bushels ------- : Arizona .........: 109.0 117.0 90.0 6,322 5,733 4,950 California ......: 108.0 125.0 116.0 2,484 1,750 1,624 Montana .........: 23.0 30.0 35.0 19,780 25,050 24,500 North Dakota ....: 47.0 44.0 39.0 51,465 53,240 33,735 : United States ...: 39.3 40.7 39.7 80,051 85,773 64,809 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Wheat Production by Class - United States: 2024-2026 [Wheat class estimates are based on the latest available data including both surveys and administrative data] --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : Crop : 2024 : 2025 : 2026 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 bushels : Winter : Hard red ......: 773,433 806,326 466,434 Soft red ......: 344,445 353,273 293,750 Hard white ....: 19,586 14,303 5,282 Soft white ....: 216,972 231,501 253,914 : Spring : Hard red ......: 504,757 459,759 416,345 Hard white ....: 9,502 9,563 7,769 Soft white ....: 29,951 28,678 25,436 Durum .........: 80,051 85,773 64,809 : Total ...... : 1,978,697 1,989,176 1,533,739 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Wheat Class Percentage Estimates The following percentages are the basis for the United States wheat production by class estimates each year. These estimates are based on the latest varietal or class survey data available. These end-of-season percentages will be used during the 2027 forecast season. However, if an unusual situation significantly distorts a State's normal distribution, then updated percentages will be used to forecast the production by class. Winter Wheat Production Distribution by Class - States: 2025 and 2026 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : Hard red : Soft red : Hard white : Soft white :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2025 : 2026 : 2025 : 2026 : 2025 : 2026 : 2025 : 2026 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : Alabama ...........: 2 1 98 99 - - - - Arkansas ..........: - - 100 100 - - - - California ........: 93 91 - - 2 2 5 7 Colorado ..........: 95 95 - - 5 5 - - Delaware ..........: - - 100 100 - - - - Georgia ...........: 1 2 99 97 - - - 1 Idaho .............: 20 16 - - 1 1 79 83 Illinois ..........: - - 100 100 - - - - Indiana ...........: - - 100 100 - - - - Kansas ............: 95 96 3 3 2 1 - - : Kentucky ..........: - - 100 100 - - - - Maryland ..........: 1 - 99 100 - - - - Michigan ..........: - - 70 69 - - 30 31 Mississippi .......: - 1 100 99 - - - - Missouri ..........: 1 1 99 99 - - - - Montana ...........: 100 100 - - - - - - Nebraska ..........: 93 92 - - 7 8 - - New Mexico ........: 99 99 - - - - 1 1 New York ..........: 7 8 92 90 - 1 1 1 North Carolina ....: - - 100 100 - - - - : North Dakota ......: 100 100 - - - - - - Ohio ..............: - - 100 100 - - - - Oklahoma ..........: 98 98 2 2 - - - - Oregon ............: 7 3 - - - - 93 97 Pennsylvania ......: 1 1 99 99 - - - - South Carolina ....: - - 100 100 - - - - South Dakota ......: 100 100 - - - - - - Tennessee .........: - - 100 100 - - - - Texas .............: 95 96 5 4 - - - - Utah ..............: 70 71 - - 1 - 29 29 : Virginia ..........: 1 - 99 100 - - - - Washington ........: 10 7 - - - - 90 93 Wisconsin .........: 5 4 95 96 - - - - Wyoming ...........: 96 98 - - 4 2 - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. Other Spring Wheat (excluding Durum) Production Distribution by Class - States: 2025 and 2026 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Hard red : Hard white : Soft white State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2025 : 2026 : 2025 : 2026 : 2025 : 2026 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : Idaho .........: 37 40 26 26 37 34 Minnesota .....: 100 100 - - - - Montana .......: 100 100 - - - - North Dakota ..: 100 100 - - - - South Dakota ..: 100 100 - - - - Washington ....: 18 14 2 3 80 83 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. Winter Wheat Head Population The National Agricultural Statistics Service conducted objective yield surveys in 10 winter wheat estimating States during 2026. Randomly selected plots in winter wheat fields were visited monthly from May through harvest to obtain specific counts and measurements. Data in this table are actual field counts from this survey. Winter Wheat Heads per Square Foot - Selected States: 2022-2026 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2026 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : number : Colorado : July ................: 40.8 41.5 39.8 51.7 42.1 August ..............: 39.7 48.4 40.9 49.8 42.2 Final ...............: 39.7 48.4 40.9 49.8 42.2 : Illinois : July ................: 63.1 58.3 63.1 63.4 56.6 August ..............: 62.9 58.3 61.0 63.4 56.4 Final ...............: 62.9 58.3 61.0 63.4 56.4 : Kansas : July ................: 40.7 37.3 42.1 51.3 40.1 August ..............: 40.7 38.5 41.1 51.2 40.1 Final ...............: 40.7 38.5 41.1 51.2 40.1 : Missouri : July ................: 55.5 48.1 57.0 57.7 53.5 August ..............: 55.5 48.1 56.9 57.7 53.5 Final ...............: 55.5 48.1 56.6 57.7 53.5 : Montana : July ................: 36.0 44.3 47.2 46.5 46.8 August ..............: 38.2 44.8 47.2 47.1 48.3 Final ...............: 38.3 44.8 47.2 47.1 47.9 : Nebraska : July ................: 45.1 45.7 61.3 51.7 42.8 August ..............: 45.4 43.2 60.6 52.1 44.9 Final ...............: 45.4 43.2 60.6 52.1 44.9 : Ohio : July ................: 55.1 57.9 61.5 58.7 56.4 August ..............: 55.0 57.7 60.6 58.7 56.4 Final ...............: 55.0 57.7 60.6 58.7 56.4 : Oklahoma : July ................: 35.2 40.2 36.3 37.8 32.6 August ..............: 35.3 40.2 35.1 37.8 32.6 Final ...............: 35.3 40.2 35.1 37.8 32.6 : Texas : July ................: 29.0 31.2 30.8 35.2 29.3 August ..............: 28.8 31.3 31.2 34.8 29.3 Final ...............: 28.9 31.7 31.2 35.1 29.4 : Washington : July ................: 40.3 31.7 39.0 37.8 41.0 August ..............: 41.0 31.9 38.0 36.8 40.8 Final ...............: 41.1 31.9 37.9 36.8 40.8 : 10 State : July ................: 40.6 39.7 42.3 46.9 40.5 August ..............: 40.8 40.7 41.8 46.6 40.7 Final ...............: 40.8 40.8 41.8 46.7 40.7 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Rye Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024-2026 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted 1/ : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2026 : 2024 : 2025 : 2026 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Minnesota ......: 80 80 60 20 24 11 North Dakota ...: 84 91 60 58 48 20 Oklahoma .......: 250 260 215 70 56 31 Pennsylvania ...: 175 190 190 28 20 18 South Dakota ...: 57 60 50 26 20 10 Wisconsin ......: 260 220 260 30 14 20 : Other States 2/ : 1,300 1,308 1,260 170 157 125 : United States ..: 2,206 2,209 2,095 402 339 235 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2026 : 2024 : 2025 : 2026 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : --------- bushels -------- ------ 1,000 bushels ------ : Minnesota ......: 47.0 49.0 56.0 940 1,176 616 North Dakota ...: 48.0 45.0 42.0 2,784 2,160 840 Oklahoma .......: 27.0 25.0 18.0 1,890 1,400 558 Pennsylvania ...: 39.0 35.0 53.0 1,092 700 954 South Dakota ...: 56.0 55.0 52.0 1,456 1,100 520 Wisconsin ......: 39.0 42.0 44.0 1,170 588 880 : Other States 2/ : 31.7 33.6 34.7 5,397 5,275 4,333 : United States ..: 36.6 36.6 37.0 14,729 12,399 8,701 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Includes area planted in preceding fall. 2/ Other States include Georgia, Illinois, Kansas, Michigan, Nebraska, New York, North Carolina, and Texas. Small Grain Annual Summary Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2025-2026 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested Crop :--------------------------------------------------------------- : 2025 : 2026 : 2025 : 2026 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Barley .........: 2,307 2,206 1,783 1,604 Oats ...........: 2,370 2,638 944 917 Rye ............: 2,209 2,095 339 235 Wheat, all .....: 45,488 42,521 37,345 31,899 Winter ........: 33,248 31,200 25,582 20,890 Durum .........: 2,200 1,741 2,108 1,634 Other spring ..: 10,040 9,580 9,655 9,375 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield per acre : Production Crop :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2025 : 2026 : 2025 : 2026 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----- bushels ----- ----- 1,000 bushels ---- : Barley ........: 79.9 72.1 142,508 115,667 Oats ..........: 73.8 75.3 69,626 69,081 Rye ...........: 36.6 37.0 12,399 8,701 Wheat, all ....: 53.3 48.1 1,989,176 1,533,739 Winter .......: 54.9 48.8 1,405,403 1,019,380 Durum ........: 40.7 39.7 85,773 64,809 Other spring .: 51.6 48.0 498,000 449,550 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Small Grain Annual Summary Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2025-2026 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested Crop :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2025 : 2026 : 2025 : 2026 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : hectares : Barley ........: 933,620 892,750 721,560 649,120 Oats ..........: 959,120 1,067,570 382,030 371,100 Rye ...........: 893,960 847,830 137,190 95,100 Wheat, all ....: 18,408,540 17,207,820 15,113,150 12,909,210 Winter .......: 13,455,130 12,626,330 10,352,780 8,453,970 Durum ........: 890,320 704,570 853,090 661,260 Other spring .: 4,063,090 3,876,930 3,907,280 3,793,970 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield per hectare : Production Crop :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2025 : 2026 : 2025 : 2026 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : metric tons : Barley ........: 4.30 3.88 3,102,750 2,518,350 Oats ..........: 2.65 2.70 1,010,620 1,002,710 Rye ...........: 2.30 2.32 314,950 221,020 Wheat, all ....: 3.58 3.23 54,136,500 41,741,540 Winter .......: 3.69 3.28 38,248,800 27,742,980 Durum ........: 2.74 2.67 2,334,360 1,763,810 Other spring .: 3.47 3.22 13,553,340 12,234,750 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Crop Comments Oats: Production in 2026 was estimated at 69.1 million bushels, down 1 percent from 2025. Yield was estimated at 75.3 bushels per acre, up 1.5 bushels from the previous year. Producers seeded 2.64 million acres of oats for harvest in 2026, an increase of 11 percent from the previous year. Planted area for the Nation was the highest since 2020. Area harvested for grain, at 917 thousand acres, was down 3 percent from 2025. Record low harvested acres were estimated for Illinois, New York, and Wisconsin. Record high yields were estimated in Illinois, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, South Dakota, and Wisconsin. Record low production was estimated in New York. Nationally, oat producers seeded 53 percent of the 2026 acreage by April 26, seven percentage points down from the previous year but equal to the 5-year average. Fifty percent of the oat acreage had emerged by May 10, seven percentage points below the previous year and 2 percentage points below the 5-year average. Heading of the oat acreage advanced to 97 percent complete by July 19, two percentage points ahead of the previous year and three percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Oat producers harvested 48 percent of the acreage by August 2, nine percentage points ahead of the previous year and 6 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Eighty- eight percent of the Nation's oat acreage was harvested by August 23, ten percentage points ahead of the previous year and the 5-year average. As of September 6, ninety-eight percent of the oat acreage was harvested, 5 percentage points ahead of last year and the 5-year average. Barley: Production was estimated at 116 million bushels, down 19 percent from the revised 2025 total of 143 million bushels. The average yield, at 72.1 bushels per acre, was down 7.8 bushels from the previous year. Producers seeded a record low 2.21 million acres for harvest in 2026, down 4 percent from 2025. Harvested area, at 1.60 million acres, was down 10 percent from 2025. Record low planted acres were estimated in California, Colorado, New York, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wisconsin. Record low harvested acres were estimated for Arizona, New York, and Utah. Record high yields were estimated in Maine and Pennsylvania. Five percent of the Nation's barley acreage was planted by April 5, same as the previous year and 5-year average. Nationwide, barley producers seeded 96 percent of the Nation's acreage by May 31, seven percentage points ahead of the previous year and 6 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By June 14, ninety-six percent of the Nation's barley acreage had emerged, eight percentage points ahead of the previous year and 6 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Heading of the Nation's barley acreage advanced to 98 percent complete by August 2, nine percentage points ahead of the previous year and 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By September 20, barley producers harvested 98 percent of the Nation's acreage, equal to last year and two percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Overall, 53 percent of the barley acreage was reported in good to excellent condition on August 23, eleven percentage points above the same time in 2025. Winter wheat: Winter wheat production for 2026 totaled 1.02 billion bushels, down 27 percent from the revised 2025 total of 1.41 billion bushels. Area harvested for grain totaled 20.9 million acres, down 18 percent from 2025. The United States harvested acres were estimated at a record low, along with Indiana, Nebraska, and Virginia. The United States yield, at 48.8 bushels per acre, was down 6.1 bushels from 2025. Record high yields were estimated in Washington and Wisconsin for 2026. Record low planted acres were estimated in California and Virginia. Of the total production, 466 million bushels were Hard Red Winter wheat, down 42 percent from the revised 2025 total, while Soft Red Winter production totaled 294 million bushels, down 17 percent from last year. Hard White Winter production was estimated at 5.28 million bushels, down 63 percent from 2025, while 254 million bushels were Hard White Winter wheat, up 10 percent from last year. Other spring wheat: Production for 2026 was estimated at 450 million bushels, down 10 percent from the revised 2025 total of 498 million bushels. Harvested area totaled 9.38 million acres, down 3 percent from 2025. The United States yield was estimated at 48.0 bushels per acre, down 3.6 bushels from 2025. Record low planted acres were estimated in South Dakota. Of the total production, 416 million bushels were Hard Red Spring wheat, down 9 percent from last year. Durum wheat: Production for 2026 was estimated at 64.8 million bushels, down 24 percent from the revised 2025 total of 85.8 million bushels. Area harvested for grain totaled 1.63 million acres, down 22 percent from 2025. The United States yield was estimated at 39.7 bushels per acre, down 1.0 bushel from the 2025 yield. Compared with 2025, production in Montana and North Dakota, the largest Durum wheat-producing States, was down 2 percent in Montana and down 37 percent in North Dakota. Rye: Production for 2026 was estimated at 8.70 million bushels, down 30 percent from the 2025 total. Area harvested for grain totaled 235,000 acres, down 31 percent from the previous year. The average yield in the United States was estimated at 37.0 bushels per acre, up 0.4 bushel per acre from 2025. Planted area totaled 2.10 million acres, down 5 percent from last year. Many of these acres were used as a cover crop. Harvested area in 2026 was the lowest on record for the United States. Harvested yields for the United States and Minnesota for 2026 were record highs. Statistical Methodology Survey procedures: Objective yield and farm operator surveys were conducted to gather information on small grain acreage, yield, and production. The objective yield survey was conducted in 10 States that accounted for 72 percent of the 2025 winter wheat production. Early in the growing season, farm operators were interviewed to seek permission to randomly locate two sample plots in selected winter wheat fields. Throughout the growing season, counts such as number of stalks, heads in late boot, and number of emerged heads were collected from these plots. The plots were revisited each month until crop maturity when the heads were clipped, threshed, and weighed. After the farm operator harvested the sample field, enumerators revisited the sample to collect data in order to measure harvesting loss. Data from operators was collected by mail, internet, or telephone, to obtain information on crop acreage, yield and production for the 2026 crop year. Approximately 66,600 producers were interviewed during the first two weeks of September and asked questions pertaining to planted and harvested area as well as yield and production. Estimating procedures: The Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB) reviews multiple data sources at the National and State level, including USDA administrative acreage data, satellite imagery, and objective yield and grower reported data. All data were reviewed for reasonableness and consistency with historical estimates. The data were also reviewed considering weather patterns and crop progress compared with previous months and previous years. Revision Policy: Estimates contained in this report may be revised in the Crop Production Annual Summary report published in January should new information become available. Previous year acreage, yield, and production estimates can be revised in the Small Grain Summary published the following year, if new information is available that would justify a change. Estimates will also be reviewed after data for the 5-year Census of Agriculture are available. No revisions will be made after that date. Reliability: The surveys used to make the acreage, yield, and production estimates contained in this report are subject to sampling and non-sampling type errors that are common to all surveys. Reliability of the objective yield and farmer survey must be treated separately because the survey designs for the two surveys are different. The objective yield indications are subject to sampling variability because all acres of winter wheat are not included in the sample. The farm operator survey indications are also subject to sampling variability because all operations with small grains are not included in the sample. This variability, as measured by the relative standard error at the National level, is approximately 2.0 percent for winter wheat, 7.1 percent for Durum wheat, and 2.7 percent for other spring wheat. This means that chances are approximately 95 out of 100 that survey estimates for production will be within plus or minus 4.0 percent for winter wheat, 14.2 percent for Durum wheat, and 5.4 percent for other spring wheat of the value that could be developed by averaging the estimates produced from all possible samples selected from the same population and surveyed using the same procedures. The relative standard errors for barley, oats, and rye are 3.7, 5.4, and 6.4 percent, respectively. Survey indications are also subject to non-sampling errors such as omission, duplication, imputation for missing data, and mistakes in reporting, recording, and processing the data. These errors cannot be measured directly, but they are minimized through rigid quality controls in the data collection process and a careful review of all reported data for consistency and reasonableness. USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service - Estimation Branch Contacts For more information about specific data items, please contact the Estimation Branch staff members below. You can also email inquiries to nass@usda.gov. Anthony Prillaman, Associate Deputy Administrator................................................................ ............................................................................. ............................................................................. .................................................... (202) 720-2127 Darin Jantzi, Section Chief........................................................................ ............................................................................. ............................................................................. .................................................................. (701) 412- 5953 Crops: Apricots, Bell Peppers, Broccoli, Canola, Cauliflower, Chile Peppers, Cucumbers, Hemp, Macadamias, Mustard Seed, Nectarines, Peaches, Plums, Pumpkins, Prunes, Rapeseed, Rye, Safflower, Soybeans, Squash, Sunflower Jeff Lemmons, Section Chief........................................................................ ............................................................................. ............................................................................. .................................................................. (202) 973- 3272 Crops: Artichokes, Avocados, Cabbage, Crop Progress, Dates, Dry Edible Beans, Grapes, Green Peas, Hops, Olives, Pistachios, Potatoes, Rice, Snap Beans, Sugarbeets, Sugarcane, Sweet Potatoes, Tomatoes, Walnuts, Wheat Fleming Gibson, Section Chief (Acting)..................................................................... ............................................................................. ............................................................................. .......................................................... (202) 236-2428 Crops: Almonds, Asparagus, Barley, Beets, Blueberries, Carrots, Chickpeas, Coffee, Corn, Cranberries, Dry Edible Peas, Garlic, Grapefruit, Lemons, Lentils, Mandarins/Tangerines, Maple, Mushrooms, Onions, Oranges, Papayas, Pears, Pecans, Raspberries, Sweet Corn, Tobacco Julie Weber, Section Chief........................................................................ ............................................................................. ............................................................................. ................................................................... (202) 317-0165 Crops: Apples, Cantaloupe, Cotton, Cotton Ginnings, Cotton System Consumption and Stocks, Fats and Oils, Flaxseed, Flour Milling Products, Grain Crushings, Hay, Hazelnuts, Honeydew, Kale, Kiwifruit, Lettuce, Mint, Oats, Peanuts, Proso Millet, Sorghum, Spinach, Strawberries, Sweet Cherries, Tart Cherries, Watermelon Access to NASS Reports For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways: All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: www.nass.usda.gov. The national specific reports are available via a free e-mail subscription. To set-up this free subscription, visit www.nass.usda.gov and click on "National" in upper right corner above "search" box to create an account and select the reports you would like to receive. Economics, Statistics, and Market Information (ESMIS) - National Agricultural Library (NAL) website houses NASS's and other agency archived reports at https://esmis.nal.usda.gov. All email subscriptions containing reports will be sent from https://esmis.nal.usda.gov. To receive the reports via e-mail, you will have to go to the website, create a new account and subscribe to the reports. You should whitelist notifications@esmis.nal.usda.gov in your email client to avoid the emails going into spam/junk folders. For more information on NASS surveys and reports, call the NASS Agricultural Statistics Hotline at (800) 727-9540, 7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET, or e-mail: nass@usda.gov. If you have specific questions you would like an expert to respond to, please visit our "Ask A Specialist" website at www.nass.usda.gov/Contact_Us/Ask_a_Specialist. In accordance with Federal civil rights law and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) civil rights regulations and policies, the USDA, its Agencies, offices, and employees, and institutions participating in or administering USDA programs are prohibited from discriminating based on race, color, national origin, religion, sex, disability, age, marital status, family/parental status, income derived from a public assistance program, political beliefs, or reprisal or retaliation for prior civil rights activity, in any program or activity conducted or funded by USDA (not all bases apply to all programs). Remedies and complaint filing deadlines vary by program or incident. Persons with disabilities who require alternative means of communication for program information (e.g., Braille, large print, audiotape, American Sign Language, etc.) should contact the responsible Agency or USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TTY) or contact USDA through the Federal Relay Service at (800) 877-8339. Additionally, program information may be made available in languages other than English. To file a program discrimination complaint, complete the USDA Program Discrimination Complaint Form, AD-3027, found online at How to File a Program Discrimination Complaint and at any USDA office or write a letter addressed to USDA and provide in the letter all of the information requested in the form. To request a copy of the complaint form, call (866) 632-9992. Submit your completed form or letter to USDA by: (1) mail: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, D.C. 20250-9410; (2) fax: (202) 690- 7442; or (3) email: program.intake@usda.gov. USDA is an equal opportunity provider, employer, and lender.