Crop Production ISSN: 1936-3737 Released May 12, 2026, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Winter Wheat Production Down 25 Percent from 2025 Winter wheat production is forecast at 1.05 billion bushels, down 25 percent from 2025. As of May 1, the United States yield is forecast at 47.6 bushels per acre, down 7.3 bushels from last year's average yield of 54.9 bushels per acre. Area expected to be harvested for grain or seed totals 22.0 million acres, down 14 percent from last year. Hard Red Winter production, at 515 million bushels, is down 36 percent from a year ago. Soft Red Winter, at 301 million bushels, is down 15 percent from 2025. White Winter, at 232 million bushels, is down 5 percent from last year. Of the White Winter production, 8.03 million bushels are Hard White and 224 million bushels are Soft White. This report was approved on May 12, 2026. Secretary of Agriculture Designate Justin Benavidez Agricultural Statistics Board Chairperson Lance Honig Contents Winter Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2025 and Forecasted May 1, 2026................................................................................................ 4 Durum Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2025 and Forecasted May 1, 2026................................................................................................ 5 Wheat Production by Class - United States: 2025 and Forecasted May 1, 2026................................. 5 Hay Stocks on Farms - States and United States: December 1 and May 1, 2024-2026............................ 6 Peach Production by Type - California: 2025 and Forecasted May 1, 2026..................................... 7 Almonds Bearing Acreage, Yield, and Production - State and United States: 2025 and Forecasted May 1, 2026.. 8 Cotton Area Planted, Harvested, and Yield by Type - States and United States: 2024 and 2025................ 9 Cotton Production and Bales Ginned by Type - States and United States: 2024 and 2025....................... 10 Cottonseed Production and Farm Disposition - States and United States: 2024 and 2025....................... 11 Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2025 and 2026.... 12 Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2025 and 2026...... 14 Fruits and Nuts Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2025 and 2026................................ 16 Fruits and Nuts Production in Metric Units - United States: 2025 and 2026.................................. 17 Percent of Normal Precipitation Map........................................................................ 18 Departure from Normal Temperature Map...................................................................... 18 April Weather Summary...................................................................................... 19 April Agricultural Summary................................................................................. 20 Crop Comments.............................................................................................. 22 Statistical Methodology.................................................................................... 24 Reliability of May 1 Crop Production Forecasts............................................................. 25 Information Contacts....................................................................................... 26 Winter Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2025 and Forecasted May 1, 2026 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production State :------------------------------------------------------------- : 2025 : 2026 : 2025 : 2026 : 2025 : 2026 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -- 1,000 acres -- -- bushels -- --- 1,000 bushels -- : Arkansas ..........: 70 50 57.0 55.0 3,990 2,750 California ........: 110 110 86.0 65.0 9,460 7,150 Colorado ..........: 1,870 1,600 38.0 21.0 71,060 33,600 Idaho .............: 720 720 99.0 97.0 71,280 69,840 Illinois ..........: 700 620 88.0 84.0 61,600 52,080 Indiana ...........: 240 230 89.0 85.0 21,360 19,550 Kansas ............: 6,800 5,800 51.0 37.0 346,800 214,600 Kentucky ..........: 330 285 81.0 79.0 26,730 22,515 Maryland ..........: 160 130 79.0 78.0 12,640 10,140 Michigan ..........: 490 475 90.0 90.0 44,100 42,750 : Missouri ..........: 460 430 80.0 73.0 36,800 31,390 Montana ...........: 2,120 1,750 47.0 47.0 99,640 82,250 Nebraska ..........: 805 580 47.0 28.0 37,835 16,240 North Carolina ....: 270 245 60.0 44.0 16,200 10,780 Ohio ..............: 530 480 86.0 85.0 45,580 40,800 Oklahoma ..........: 2,800 2,300 38.0 28.0 106,400 64,400 Oregon ............: 740 740 71.0 67.0 52,540 49,580 Pennsylvania ......: 185 195 72.0 77.0 13,320 15,015 South Dakota ......: 630 530 50.0 48.0 31,500 25,440 Tennessee .........: 265 190 74.0 74.0 19,610 14,060 : Texas .............: 2,300 1,700 37.0 28.0 85,100 47,600 Virginia ..........: 70 60 66.0 53.0 4,620 3,180 Washington ........: 1,790 1,800 68.0 67.0 121,720 120,600 Wisconsin .........: 250 240 76.0 75.0 19,000 18,000 : Other States 1/ ...: 803 755 53.1 44.0 42,669 33,200 : United States .....: 25,508 22,015 54.9 47.6 1,401,554 1,047,510 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Other States include Alabama, Delaware, Georgia, Mississippi, New Mexico, New York, North Dakota, South Carolina, Utah, and Wyoming. Individual State level estimates will be published in the "Small Grains 2026 Summary" report. Durum Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2025 and Forecasted May 1, 2026 [Area harvested for the United States and remaining States will be published in the "Acreage" report released June 2026. Yield and production will be published in the "Crop Production" report released July 2026. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production State :------------------------------------------------------------- : 2025 : 2026 : 2025 : 2026 : 2025 : 2026 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres --- bushels -- 1,000 bushels : Arizona ...........: 49 64 117.0 100.0 5,733 6,400 California ........: 14 15 125.0 126.0 1,750 1,890 Montana ...........: 850 30.0 25,500 North Dakota ......: 1,210 44.0 53,240 : United States .....: 2,123 40.6 86,223 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Wheat Production by Class - United States: 2025 and Forecasted May 1, 2026 [Wheat class estimates are based on the latest available data including both surveys and administrative data. The previous end-of-year season class percentages are used throughout the forecast season for States that do not have survey or administrative data available. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Crop : 2025 : 2026 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 bushels : Winter : Hard red ..........: 804,443 514,779 Soft red ..........: 352,916 300,862 Hard white ........: 14,196 8,029 Soft white ........: 229,999 223,840 : Spring : Hard red ..........: 458,347 Hard white ........: 9,568 Soft white ........: 28,845 Durum .............: 86,223 : Total .......... : 1,984,537 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Hay Stocks on Farms - States and United States: December 1 and May 1, 2024-2026 ------------------------------------------------------------- : December 1 : May 1 State :--------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2025 : 2026 ------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 tons : Alabama .......: 1,330 1,300 210 240 Arizona .......: 325 200 30 30 Arkansas ......: 1,650 2,000 330 380 California ....: 1,400 1,600 350 340 Colorado ......: 1,890 1,900 650 440 Connecticut ...: 43 39 8 2 Delaware ......: 9 10 2 2 Florida .......: 420 390 65 60 Georgia .......: 740 700 190 160 Idaho .........: 2,200 1,900 440 380 : Illinois ......: 1,000 1,100 290 320 Indiana .......: 820 1,000 170 245 Iowa ..........: 2,830 2,760 750 690 Kansas ........: 3,300 3,600 900 1,530 Kentucky ......: 3,650 3,450 800 1,100 Louisiana .....: 700 600 140 150 Maine .........: 106 135 38 40 Maryland ......: 315 300 65 50 Massachusetts .: 43 42 12 14 Michigan ......: 1,100 1,000 320 365 : Minnesota .....: 2,550 2,830 960 820 Mississippi ...: 1,000 920 180 190 Missouri ......: 4,800 5,100 1,500 1,650 Montana .......: 3,800 3,550 1,440 1,050 Nebraska ......: 4,300 3,500 1,750 1,550 Nevada ........: 650 645 160 230 New Hampshire .: 34 33 9 5 New Jersey ....: 75 90 11 15 New Mexico ....: 680 290 50 75 New York ......: 1,170 1,190 550 360 : North Carolina : 850 690 175 190 North Dakota ..: 3,550 4,200 1,130 1,270 Ohio ..........: 1,100 1,450 160 350 Oklahoma ......: 4,800 5,600 1,200 1,650 Oregon ........: 1,600 1,400 260 225 Pennsylvania ..: 1,530 1,420 355 275 Rhode Island ..: 4 4 1 1 South Carolina : 330 360 90 90 South Dakota ..: 5,600 5,400 2,240 1,950 Tennessee .....: 2,570 2,720 430 595 : Texas .........: 7,600 7,800 3,000 2,000 Utah ..........: 1,350 1,150 630 370 Vermont .......: 140 148 35 33 Virginia ......: 1,600 1,820 280 430 Washington ....: 1,100 1,100 220 160 West Virginia .: 680 780 85 215 Wisconsin .....: 2,900 2,300 1,040 680 Wyoming .......: 1,300 1,150 390 320 : United States .: 81,534 81,666 24,091 23,287 ------------------------------------------------------------- Peach Production by Type - California: 2025 and Forecasted May 1, 2026 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Total production Type :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2025 : 2026 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : tons : Freestone ..........: 320,000 310,000 : Clingstone .........: 212,000 170,000 : Total ..............: 532,000 480,000 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Almonds Bearing Acreage, Yield, and Production - State and United States: 2025 and Forecasted May 1, 2026 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Bearing acreage : Yield per acre : Total production (shelled basis) State :--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2025 : 2026 : 2025 : 2026 : 2025 : 2026 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : ------- acres ------- ----- pounds ---- -------- 1,000 pounds ------- : California .........: 1,400,000 1,390,000 1,940 1,940 2,715,000 2,700,000 : United States ......: 1,400,000 1,390,000 1,940 1,940 2,715,000 2,700,000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Cotton Area Planted, Harvested, and Yield by Type - States and United States: 2024 and 2025 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested : Yield per acre Type and State :--------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------------- 1,000 acres --------------- ---- pounds ---- : Upland : Alabama .........: 400.0 290.0 396.0 285.0 816 948 Arizona .........: 96.0 87.0 95.0 86.0 1,299 1,429 Arkansas ........: 650.0 520.0 640.0 515.0 1,341 1,239 California ......: 22.0 18.0 21.7 17.9 1,659 2,199 Florida .........: 85.0 61.0 82.0 60.0 697 880 Georgia .........: 1,100.0 835.0 1,080.0 825.0 858 1,033 Kansas ..........: 131.0 102.0 124.0 77.0 778 966 Louisiana .......: 155.0 90.0 148.0 80.0 1,070 1,350 Mississippi .....: 520.0 330.0 515.0 325.0 1,157 1,167 Missouri ........: 400.0 355.0 380.0 340.0 1,320 1,084 : New Mexico ......: 42.0 30.0 28.0 24.0 686 780 North Carolina ..: 410.0 285.0 400.0 275.0 940 1,115 Oklahoma ........: 435.0 390.0 185.0 350.0 701 912 South Carolina ..: 225.0 170.0 221.0 167.0 860 992 Tennessee .......: 265.0 205.0 250.0 190.0 1,052 889 Texas ...........: 5,950.0 5,300.0 2,900.0 4,000.0 667 628 Virginia ........: 91.0 73.0 90.0 72.0 1,136 1,127 : United States ...: 10,977.0 9,141.0 7,555.7 7,688.9 886 842 : American Pima : Arizona .........: 14.0 15.5 14.0 15.5 1,029 898 California ......: 145.0 92.0 142.0 91.0 1,237 1,683 New Mexico ......: 15.0 13.0 14.5 12.9 794 819 Texas ...........: 33.0 21.0 30.0 19.0 816 884 : United States ...: 207.0 141.5 200.5 138.4 1,128 1,405 : All : Alabama .........: 400.0 290.0 396.0 285.0 816 948 Arizona .........: 110.0 102.5 109.0 101.5 1,264 1,348 Arkansas ........: 650.0 520.0 640.0 515.0 1,341 1,239 California ......: 167.0 110.0 163.7 108.9 1,293 1,767 Florida .........: 85.0 61.0 82.0 60.0 697 880 Georgia .........: 1,100.0 835.0 1,080.0 825.0 858 1,033 Kansas ..........: 131.0 102.0 124.0 77.0 778 966 Louisiana .......: 155.0 90.0 148.0 80.0 1,070 1,350 Mississippi .....: 520.0 330.0 515.0 325.0 1,157 1,167 Missouri ........: 400.0 355.0 380.0 340.0 1,320 1,084 : New Mexico ......: 57.0 43.0 42.5 36.9 723 793 North Carolina ..: 410.0 285.0 400.0 275.0 940 1,115 Oklahoma ........: 435.0 390.0 185.0 350.0 701 912 South Carolina ..: 225.0 170.0 221.0 167.0 860 992 Tennessee .......: 265.0 205.0 250.0 190.0 1,052 889 Texas ...........: 5,983.0 5,321.0 2,930.0 4,019.0 669 629 Virginia ........: 91.0 73.0 90.0 72.0 1,136 1,127 : United States ...: 11,184.0 9,282.5 7,756.2 7,827.3 892 852 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Cotton Production and Bales Ginned by Type - States and United States: 2024 and 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------- : Production in : Bales ginned in Type and State : 480-pound net weight : 480-pound net weight : bales 1/ : bales 2/ :------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---- 1,000 bales --- -------- bales -------- : Upland : Alabama .........: 673.0 563.0 649,100 562,550 Arizona .........: 257.0 256.0 244,950 241,050 Arkansas ........: 1,788.0 1,329.0 1,985,950 1,457,450 California ......: 75.0 82.0 89,300 95,700 Florida .........: 119.0 110.0 116,100 91,950 Georgia .........: 1,930.0 1,775.0 1,944,900 1,791,900 Kansas ..........: 201.0 155.0 179,100 165,200 Louisiana .......: 330.0 225.0 336,550 229,050 Mississippi .....: 1,241.0 790.0 1,178,550 730,850 Missouri ........: 1,045.0 768.0 911,950 694,950 : New Mexico ......: 40.0 39.0 22,200 12,400 North Carolina ..: 783.0 639.0 826,300 677,300 Oklahoma ........: 270.0 665.0 168,750 534,050 South Carolina ..: 396.0 345.0 337,700 291,250 Tennessee .......: 548.0 352.0 545,550 350,550 Texas ...........: 4,030.0 5,230.0 4,156,550 5,356,400 Virginia ........: 213.0 169.0 220,800 178,900 : United States ...: 13,939.0 13,492.0 13,914,300 13,461,500 : American Pima : Arizona .........: 30.0 29.0 29,700 28,700 California ......: 366.0 319.0 364,900 318,450 New Mexico ......: 24.0 22.0 22,400 19,450 Texas ...........: 51.0 35.0 51,750 36,150 : United States ...: 471.0 405.0 468,750 402,750 : All : Alabama .........: 673.0 563.0 649,100 562,550 Arizona .........: 287.0 285.0 274,650 269,750 Arkansas ........: 1,788.0 1,329.0 1,985,950 1,457,450 California ......: 441.0 401.0 454,200 414,150 Florida .........: 119.0 110.0 116,100 91,950 Georgia .........: 1,930.0 1,775.0 1,944,900 1,791,900 Kansas ..........: 201.0 155.0 179,100 165,200 Louisiana .......: 330.0 225.0 336,550 229,050 Mississippi .....: 1,241.0 790.0 1,178,550 730,850 Missouri ........: 1,045.0 768.0 911,950 694,950 : New Mexico ......: 64.0 61.0 44,600 31,850 North Carolina ..: 783.0 639.0 826,300 677,300 Oklahoma ........: 270.0 665.0 168,750 534,050 South Carolina ..: 396.0 345.0 337,700 291,250 Tennessee .......: 548.0 352.0 545,550 350,550 Texas ...........: 4,081.0 5,265.0 4,208,300 5,392,550 Virginia ........: 213.0 169.0 220,800 178,900 : United States ...: 14,410.0 13,897.0 14,383,050 13,864,250 ------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Production ginned and to be ginned. 2/ Equivalent 480-pound net weight bales ginned, not adjusted for cross-state movement. Cottonseed Production and Farm Disposition - States and United States: 2024 and 2025 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Farm disposition : : : :-----------------------------------: Seed for : Production : Sales to : : planting 2/ State : : oil mills : Other 1/ : : :------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 tons : Alabama .......: 189.0 161.0 12.0 6.0 177.0 155.0 2.1 1.7 Arizona .......: 111.0 93.0 - 52.0 111.0 41.0 0.9 0.7 Arkansas ......: 513.0 397.0 393.0 314.0 120.0 83.0 3.7 3.0 California ....: 157.0 141.0 61.0 41.0 96.0 100.0 0.9 0.8 Florida .......: 33.0 31.0 29.0 24.0 4.0 7.0 0.3 0.3 Georgia .......: 542.0 497.0 213.0 204.0 329.0 293.0 4.7 4.1 Kansas ........: 61.0 47.0 - - 61.0 47.0 0.8 0.6 Louisiana .....: 104.0 71.0 50.0 48.0 54.0 23.0 0.7 0.7 Mississippi ...: 376.0 234.0 244.0 148.0 132.0 86.0 2.3 1.8 Missouri ......: 305.0 235.0 175.0 199.0 130.0 36.0 1.8 2.0 : New Mexico ....: 20.0 20.0 - 17.0 20.0 3.0 0.2 0.3 North Carolina : 238.0 186.0 13.0 11.0 225.0 175.0 1.9 2.2 Oklahoma ......: 76.0 179.0 62.0 52.0 14.0 127.0 1.8 2.5 South Carolina : 109.0 95.0 - - 109.0 95.0 1.0 0.9 Tennessee .....: 147.0 103.0 133.0 73.0 14.0 30.0 1.5 1.6 Texas .........: 1,230.0 1,594.0 676.0 849.0 554.0 745.0 32.1 32.3 Virginia ......: 51.0 48.0 29.0 17.0 22.0 31.0 0.6 0.5 : United States .: 4,262.0 4,132.0 2,090.0 2,055.0 2,172.0 2,077.0 57.3 56.0 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. 1/ Includes planting seed, feed, exports, inter-farm sales, shrinkage, losses, and other uses. 2/ Included in "other" farm disposition. Seed for planting is produced in crop year shown, but used in the following year. Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2025 and 2026 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2026 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area planted : Area harvested Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2025 : 2026 : 2025 : 2026 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres : Grains and hay : Barley .................................: 2,299 2,352 1,761 Corn for grain 1/ ......................: 98,788 95,338 91,258 Corn for silage ........................: (NA) 6,208 Hay, all ...............................: (NA) (NA) 49,557 50,113 Alfalfa ..............................: (NA) 14,676 All other ............................: (NA) 34,881 Oats ...................................: 2,370 2,361 944 Proso millet ...........................: 442 397 Rice ...................................: 2,812 2,319 2,740 Rye ....................................: 2,229 341 Sorghum for grain 1/ ...................: 6,640 6,120 6,020 Sorghum for silage .....................: (NA) 448 Wheat, all .............................: 45,328 43,775 37,241 Winter ...............................: 33,153 32,410 25,508 22,015 Durum ................................: 2,185 1,950 2,123 Other spring .........................: 9,990 9,415 9,610 : Oilseeds : Canola .................................: 2,338.5 2,685.0 2,306.0 Cottonseed .............................: (X) (X) Flaxseed ...............................: 248 230 234 Mustard seed ...........................: 126.2 111.8 Peanuts ................................: 1,953.0 1,674.0 1,906.0 Rapeseed ...............................: 18.6 16.6 Safflower ..............................: 116.5 108.5 Soybeans for beans .....................: 81,215 84,700 80,437 Sunflower ..............................: 1,288.2 1,385.5 1,246.2 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops : Cotton, all ............................: 9,282.5 9,640.0 7,827.3 Upland ...............................: 9,141.0 9,510.0 7,688.9 American Pima ........................: 141.5 130.0 138.4 Sugarbeets .............................: 1,079.0 1,063.0 1,059.8 Sugarcane ..............................: (NA) 946.0 Tobacco ................................: (NA) (NA) 171.3 171.6 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas ..............................: 536.0 499.0 520.3 Dry edible beans .......................: 1,366.0 1,236.0 1,334.6 Dry edible peas ........................: 1,173.0 1,174.0 1,063.0 Lentils ................................: 1,072.0 832.0 949.0 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops ...................................: (NA) 41.7 Maple syrup ............................: (NA) (NA) Mushrooms ..............................: (NA) (NA) Peppermint oil .........................: (NA) 22.9 Potatoes ...............................: 902.0 896.8 Spearmint oil ..........................: (NA) 11.6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2025 and 2026 (continued) [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2026 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Yield per acre : Production Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2025 : 2026 : 2025 : 2026 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : --------- 1,000 -------- : Grains and hay : Barley ..........................bushels: 80.0 140,849 Corn for grain ..................bushels: 186.5 17,020,549 Corn for silage ....................tons: 21.8 135,540 Hay, all ...........................tons: 2.48 123,031 Alfalfa ..........................tons: 3.42 50,213 All other ........................tons: 2.09 72,818 Oats ............................bushels: 73.8 69,626 Proso millet ....................bushels: 35.9 14,239 Rice 2/ .............................cwt: 7,544 206,707 Rye .............................bushels: 36.5 12,459 Sorghum for grain ...............bushels: 72.6 436,825 Sorghum for silage .................tons: 16.4 7,325 Wheat, all ......................bushels: 53.3 1,984,537 Winter ........................bushels: 54.9 47.6 1,401,554 1,047,510 Durum .........................bushels: 40.6 86,223 Other spring ..................bushels: 51.7 496,760 : Oilseeds : Canola ...........................pounds: 2,017 4,650,910 Cottonseed .........................tons: (X) 4,132.0 Flaxseed ........................bushels: 22.2 5,202 Mustard seed .....................pounds: 636 71,120 Peanuts ..........................pounds: 3,767 7,179,850 Rapeseed .........................pounds: 2,126 35,290 Safflower ........................pounds: 1,319 143,160 Soybeans for beans ..............bushels: 53.0 4,261,858 Sunflower ........................pounds: 1,863 2,321,852 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops : Cotton, all 2/ ....................bales: 852 13,897.0 Upland 2/ .......................bales: 842 13,492.0 American Pima 2/ ................bales: 1,405 405.0 Sugarbeets .........................tons: 33.2 35,140 Sugarcane ..........................tons: 36.4 34,445 Tobacco ..........................pounds: 2,093 358,570 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas 2/ ........................cwt: 1,315 6,844 Dry edible beans 2/ .................cwt: 2,012 26,855 Dry edible peas 2/ ..................cwt: 1,738 18,480 Lentils 2/ ..........................cwt: 1,112 10,557 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops .............................pounds: 1,996 83,143.4 Maple syrup .....................gallons: (NA) 5,771 Mushrooms ........................pounds: (NA) 669,930 Peppermint oil ...................pounds: 108 2,471 Potatoes ............................cwt: 460 412,860 Spearmint oil ....................pounds: 139 1,609 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Area planted for all purposes. 2/ Yield in pounds. Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2025 and 2026 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2026 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2025 : 2026 : 2025 : 2026 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : hectares : Grains and hay : Barley .........................: 930,380 951,830 712,660 Corn for grain 1/ ..............: 39,978,520 38,582,340 36,931,200 Corn for silage ................: (NA) 2,512,320 Hay, all 2/ ....................: (NA) (NA) 20,055,220 20,280,230 Alfalfa ......................: (NA) 5,939,230 All other ....................: (NA) 14,115,990 Oats ...........................: 959,120 955,470 382,030 Proso millet ...................: 178,870 160,660 Rice ...........................: 1,137,990 938,480 1,108,850 Rye ............................: 902,050 138,000 Sorghum for grain 1/ ...........: 2,687,140 2,476,700 2,436,230 Sorghum for silage .............: (NA) 181,300 Wheat, all 2/ ..................: 18,343,790 17,715,300 15,071,060 Winter .......................: 13,416,690 13,116,000 10,322,830 8,909,250 Durum ........................: 884,250 789,150 859,160 Other spring .................: 4,042,850 3,810,160 3,889,070 : Oilseeds : Canola .........................: 946,370 1,086,590 933,220 Cottonseed .....................: (X) (X) Flaxseed .......................: 100,360 93,080 94,700 Mustard seed ...................: 51,070 45,240 Peanuts ........................: 790,360 677,450 771,340 Rapeseed .......................: 7,530 6,720 Safflower ......................: 47,150 43,910 Soybeans for beans .............: 32,866,900 34,277,240 32,552,050 Sunflower ......................: 521,320 560,700 504,320 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops: Cotton, all 2/ .................: 3,756,530 3,901,210 3,167,630 Upland .......................: 3,699,270 3,848,600 3,111,620 American Pima ................: 57,260 52,610 56,010 Sugarbeets .....................: 436,660 430,190 428,890 Sugarcane ......................: (NA) 382,840 Tobacco ........................: (NA) (NA) 69,320 69,440 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas ......................: 216,910 201,940 210,560 Dry edible beans ...............: 552,810 500,200 540,100 Dry edible peas ................: 474,700 475,110 430,190 Lentils ........................: 433,830 336,700 384,050 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops ...........................: (NA) 16,860 Maple syrup ....................: (NA) (NA) Mushrooms ......................: (NA) (NA) Peppermint oil .................: (NA) 9,270 Potatoes .......................: 365,030 362,930 Spearmint oil ..................: (NA) 4,690 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2025 and 2026 (continued) [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2026 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Yield per hectare : Production Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2025 : 2026 : 2025 : 2026 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : metric tons : Grains and hay : Barley .................................: 4.30 3,066,620 Corn for grain .........................: 11.71 432,341,860 Corn for silage ........................: 48.94 122,959,820 Hay, all 2/ ............................: 5.57 111,611,850 Alfalfa ..............................: 7.67 45,552,470 All other ............................: 4.68 66,059,380 Oats ...................................: 2.65 1,010,620 Proso millet ...........................: 2.01 322,930 Rice ...................................: 8.46 9,376,070 Rye ....................................: 2.29 316,470 Sorghum for grain ......................: 4.55 11,095,870 Sorghum for silage .....................: 36.65 6,645,130 Wheat, all 2/ ..........................: 3.58 54,010,250 Winter ...............................: 3.70 3.20 38,144,050 28,508,550 Durum ................................: 2.73 2,346,610 Other spring .........................: 3.48 13,519,590 : Oilseeds : Canola .................................: 2.26 2,109,620 Cottonseed .............................: (X) 3,748,490 Flaxseed ...............................: 1.40 132,140 Mustard seed ...........................: 0.71 32,260 Peanuts ................................: 4.22 3,256,730 Rapeseed ...............................: 2.38 16,010 Safflower ..............................: 1.48 64,940 Soybeans for beans .....................: 3.56 115,988,770 Sunflower ..............................: 2.09 1,053,170 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops : Cotton, all 2/ .........................: 0.96 3,025,720 Upland ...............................: 0.94 2,937,540 American Pima ........................: 1.57 88,180 Sugarbeets .............................: 74.33 31,878,470 Sugarcane ..............................: 81.62 31,247,980 Tobacco ................................: 2.35 162,640 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas ..............................: 1.47 310,440 Dry edible beans .......................: 2.26 1,218,120 Dry edible peas ........................: 1.95 838,240 Lentils ................................: 1.25 478,860 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops ...................................: 2.24 37,710 Maple syrup ............................: (NA) 28,860 Mushrooms ..............................: (NA) 303,870 Peppermint oil .........................: 0.12 1,120 Potatoes ...............................: 51.60 18,727,020 Spearmint oil ..........................: 0.16 730 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Area planted for all purposes. 2/ Total may not add due to rounding. Fruits and Nuts Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2025 and 2026 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2026 crop year, except citrus which is for the 2025-2026 season. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Production Crop :----------------------------------- : 2025 : 2026 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Citrus 1/ : Grapefruit ......................1,000 tons: 307 305 Lemons ..........................1,000 tons: 1,131 1,119 Oranges .........................1,000 tons: 2,354 2,529 Tangerines and mandarins ........1,000 tons: 1,235 1,221 : Noncitrus : Apples, commercial ..........million pounds: 11,102.0 Apricots ..............................tons: 38,250 Avocados ..............................tons: 185,740 Blueberries, Cultivated .......1,000 pounds: 768,700 Blueberries, Wild (Maine) .....1,000 pounds: 57,500 Cherries, Sweet .......................tons: 373,850 Cherries, Tart ..............million pounds: 142.2 Coffee (Hawaii) ...............1,000 pounds: 20,735 Cranberries .........................barrel: 7,508,000 : Dates .................................tons: 62,600 Grapes ................................tons: 5,233,500 Kiwifruit (California) ................tons: 40,600 Nectarines (California) ...............tons: 147,000 Olives (California) ...................tons: 144,000 Papayas (Hawaii) ..............1,000 pounds: 9,240 Peaches ...............................tons: 708,250 Pears .................................tons: 763,000 Plums (California) ....................tons: 84,500 Prunes (California) ...................tons: 220,500 Raspberries ...................1,000 pounds: 188,710 Strawberries .....................1,000 cwt: 31,270.0 : Nuts and miscellaneous : Almonds, shelled (California) .1,000 pounds: 2,715,000 2,700,000 Hazelnuts, in-shell (Oregon) ..........tons: 121,500 Macadamias (Hawaii) ...........1,000 pounds: 30,600 Pecans, in-shell ..............1,000 pounds: 284,260 Pistachios (California) .......1,000 pounds: 1,580,000 Walnuts, in-shell (California) ........tons: 809,000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Production years are 2024-2025 and 2025-2026. Fruits and Nuts Production in Metric Units - United States: 2025 and 2026 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2026 crop year, except citrus which is for the 2025-2026 season. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Production Crop :----------------------------------- : 2025 : 2026 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : metric tons : Citrus 1/ : Grapefruit ................................: 278,510 276,690 Lemons ....................................: 1,026,030 1,015,140 Oranges ...................................: 2,135,510 2,294,270 Tangerines and mandarins ..................: 1,120,370 1,107,670 : Noncitrus : Apples, commercial ........................: 5,035,780 Apricots ..................................: 34,700 Avocados ..................................: 168,500 Blueberries, Cultivated ...................: 348,680 Blueberries, Wild (Maine) .................: 26,080 Cherries, Sweet ...........................: 339,150 Cherries, Tart ............................: 64,500 Coffee (Hawaii) ...........................: 9,410 Cranberries ...............................: 340,560 : Dates .....................................: 56,790 Grapes ....................................: 4,747,750 Kiwifruit (California) ....................: 36,830 Nectarines (California) ...................: 133,360 Olives (California) .......................: 130,630 Papayas (Hawaii) ..........................: 4,190 Peaches ...................................: 642,510 Pears .....................................: 692,180 Plums (California) ........................: 76,660 Prunes (California) .......................: 200,030 Raspberries ...............................: 85,600 Strawberries ..............................: 1,418,380 : Nuts and miscellaneous : Almonds, shelled (California) .............: 1,231,500 1,224,700 Hazelnuts, in-shell (Oregon) ..............: 110,220 Macadamias (Hawaii) .......................: 13,880 Pecans, in-shell ..........................: 128,940 Pistachios (California) ...................: 716,680 Walnuts, in-shell (California) ............: 733,910 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Production years are 2024-2025 and 2025-2026. April Weather Summary Highlights: Above-normal temperatures again dominated much of the country, with many locations from the mid-South and lower Midwest to the central Appalachians weathering a record-warm April, as well as temperatures averaging more than 5 degrees F above normal. However, chilly weather lurked for much of April across the Nation's Northern Tier, with several southward forays of cold air across areas east of the Rockies. Consequently, a variety of crops-including winter wheat and blooming fruits-experiencing varying degrees of freeze damage, extending at least as far south as the central High Plains and the middle Atlantic States. Some of the most significant freezes related to winter wheat struck the central High Plains during the weekend of April 18-19, followed by fruit-damaging frost in the mid-Atlantic on April 20-21. Any freeze-related damage to winter wheat compounded the effects of punishing drought. By May 3, more than one-third (37 percent) of the Nation's winter wheat crop was rated in very poor to poor condition, more than twice last year's early-May value of 18 percent. States exceeding the National value of 37 percent very poor to poor included Nebraska (67 percent), Texas (56 percent), Oklahoma (49 percent) Colorado (45 percent), and Kansas (44 percent). Expansive drought also adversely affected many grazing lands and hay production areas, with more than one-half of rangeland and pastures rated very poor to poor on May 3 in Arizona (80 percent), Nebraska (72 percent), North Carolina (64 percent), Colorado (57 percent), Wyoming (53 percent), and Georgia (53 percent). Across the Lower 48 States, drought coverage exceeded 60 percent each week from April 7 to May 5, according to the U.S. Drought Monitor. Prior to this year, drought coverage had topped 60 percent only 30 times in the 27-year existence of the Drought Monitor-25 weeks in 2012-13 and 5 weeks in 2022. During April, National drought coverage peaked at 62.78 percent. Only 12 weeks in Drought Monitor history have featured greater drought coverage- 11 non-consecutive weeks from July-October 2012 and a single week in October 2022. Ironically, the Midwest was largely free of drought by May 5, with some watersheds in Michigan and Wisconsin experiencing record flooding in mid-April. Even with some late-month drying, Statewide topsoil moisture by May 3 was rated 42 percent surplus in Wisconsin, along with 32 percent in Michigan. Some of the most consequential mid-April flooding affected the Manistee and Muskegon Rivers in Michigan, and the Wolf and Menominee Rivers in Wisconsin. In Michigan, only 10 percent of the intended sugarbeet acreage had been planted by May 3, versus the 5-year average of 71 percent. Ongoing Southeastern drought contributed to rash of April wildfires. Notably, two southern Georgia wildfires-the Pineland Road and Highway 82 Fires- collectively scorched more than 55,000 acres of vegetation. The Pineland Road Fire, ignited in Clinch County by a welding spark, destroyed nearly three dozen structures. The Highway 82 fire, sparked by a mylar balloon contacting a power line, became the most destructive in modern Georgia history, with well over 100 homes destroyed. During the first 4 months of the year, wildfires burned approximately 1.9 million acres of vegetation across the country, nearly twice the January-April 10-year average of 1.0 million acres. Following a relatively quiet start to April, severe thunderstorms activity sharply increased. Reports of severe weather-tornadoes, high winds, and large hail-generally peaked from April 13-17 and April 23-28. According to preliminary information provided by the National Weather Service, there were more than 300 April tornadoes, along with nearly 1,300 reports of hail at least an inch in diameter and more than 1,600 reports of thunderstorm-related high winds or wind damage. The bulk of the severe weather occurred along and east of a line from central Texas to southern Minnesota, consistent with April rainfall largely bypassing the central and southern High Plains. Despite the overall active pattern, the month's only tornado-related fatality occurred on April 25 in Wise County, Texas. Besides drought and freezes, one of April's agricultural highlights was rapid planting progress for a variety of summer crops. However, mid- to late-month storminess-and periods of cooler weather-slowed an initially torrid planting pace in several areas, including the South and lower Midwest. Still, 79 percent of the Nation's rice acreage had been planted by May 3, well ahead of the 5-year average of 66 percent. On the same date, planting progress was ahead of the 5-year average for barley (49 percent planted), corn (38 percent), soybeans (33 percent), and cotton (21 percent). In the West, modestly cooler and somewhat wetter weather-compared to March-helped to stabilize drought conditions, although many watersheds still face impending water-supply issues related to inadequate and prematurely melted mountain snowpack. April Agricultural Summary Temperatures averaged above normal across key U.S. agricultural regions. The central Plains, middle Mississippi Valley, and Ohio Valley recorded departures of 4 to 8°F above normal. In contrast, below-normal temperatures were observed across portions of the northern Plains and upper Mississippi Valley. Meanwhile, precipitation patterns were highly variable. Monthly precipitation totals ranged from less than 5 percent of normal across much of the Southeast to more than 200 percent of normal in parts of the Corn Belt. Dry weather prevailed across large portions of the Rocky Mountains and the Great Plains, contributing to topsoil moisture declines. Three percent of the 2026 corn crop had been planted by April 5, one percentage point ahead of both last year and the 5-year average. By April 12, producers had planted 5 percent of the Nation's corn crop, 1 percentage point ahead of both last year and the 5-year average. By April 19, producers had planted 11 percent of the Nation's corn crop, equal to last year but 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Four percent of the Nation's corn acreage had emerged by April 19, two percentage points ahead of both last year and the 5-year average. By April 26, producers had planted 25 percent of the Nation's corn crop, 3 percentage points ahead of last year and 6 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Seven percent of the Nation's corn acreage had emerged by April 26, two percentage points ahead of last year and 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By May 3, producers had planted 38 percent of the Nation's corn crop, equal to last year but 4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Thirteen percent of the Nation's corn acreage had emerged by May 3, three percentage points ahead of last year and 4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Six percent of the 2026 soybean crop had been planted by April 12, four percentage points ahead of both last year and the 5-year average. By April 19, twelve percent of the 2026 soybean crop had been planted, 5 percentage points ahead of last year and 7 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By April 26, twenty-three percent of the soybean crop had been planted, 6 percentage points ahead of last year and 11 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Eight percent of the Nation's soybean acreage had emerged by April 26, six percentage points ahead of last year and 7 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By May 3, thirty-three percent of the Nation's soybean crop had been planted, 5 percentage points ahead of last year and 10 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Thirteen percent of the Nation's soybean acreage had emerged by May 3, seven percentage points ahead of last year and 8 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Seven percent of the Nation's winter wheat crop was headed by April 5, two percentage points ahead of both last year and the 5-year average. By April 12, eleven percent of the Nation's winter wheat crop was headed, 3 percentage points ahead of last year and 4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By April 19, twenty percent of the Nation's winter wheat crop was headed, 6 percentage points ahead of last year and 8 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By April 26, thirty-four percent of the Nation's winter wheat crop was headed, 9 percentage points ahead of last year and 13 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By May 3, forty-nine percent of the Nation's winter wheat crop was headed, twelve percentage points ahead of last year and 17 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. On May 3, thirty-one percent of the 2026 winter wheat acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, 20 percentage points below the same time last year. Five percent of the Nation's cotton crop had been planted by April 5, one percentage point ahead of last year but equal to the 5-year average. By April 12, seven percent of the cotton crop had been planted, two percentage points ahead of last year but equal to the 5-year average. By April 19, eleven percent of the cotton crop had been planted, 1 percentage point ahead of both last year and the 5-year average. By April 26, sixteen percent of the Nation's cotton crop had been planted, 2 percentage points ahead of last year and 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By May 3, twenty-one percent of the cotton crop had been planted, 1 percentage point ahead of last year and 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Twelve percent of the Nation's sorghum acreage was planted by April 5, one percentage point behind both last year and the 5-year average. By April 12, thirteen percent of the Nation's sorghum acreage had been planted, 2 percentage points behind last year and 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. By April 19, fifteen percent of the Nation's sorghum acreage had been planted, 2 percentage points behind last year and 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Twenty percent of the Nation's sorghum acreage had been planted by April 26, equal to last year but 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. By May 3, twenty-two percent of the Nation's sorghum acreage had been planted, 1 percentage point behind last year but equal to the 5-year average. Thirty percent of the 2026 rice acreage had been seeded by April 5, seven percentage points ahead of the last year and 12 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By April 5, thirteen percent of the Nation's rice acreage had emerged, 2 percentage points ahead of last year and 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By April 12, producers had seeded 42 percent of the 2026 rice acreage, 11 percentage points ahead of last year and 14 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Twenty-three percent of the Nation's rice acreage had emerged by April 12, six percentage points ahead of last year and 8 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By April 19, producers had seeded 56 percent of the 2026 rice acreage, 10 percentage points ahead of last year and 16 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Thirty-four percent of the Nation's rice acreage had emerged by April 19, seven percentage points ahead of last year and 12 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By April 26, producers had seeded 69 percent of the 2026 rice acreage, 7 percentage points ahead of last year and 16 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Forty-nine percent of the Nation's rice acreage had emerged by April 26, nine percentage points ahead of last year and 16 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By May 3, producers had seeded 79 percent of the 2026 rice acreage, 7 percentage points ahead of last year and 13 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Sixty-one percent of the Nation's rice acreage had emerged by May 3, nine percentage points ahead of last year and 17 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. On May 3, seventy-four percent of the Nation's rice acreage was rated in good to excellent condition. Twenty-eight percent of this year's oat crop had been seeded by April 5, three percentage points behind last year but equal to the 5-year average. Twenty-three percent of the Nation's oat acreage had emerged by April 5, two percentage points behind last year but equal to the 5-year average. By April 12, producers had seeded 36 percent of this year's oat crop, 4 percentage points behind last year but equal to the 5-year average. Twenty-four percent of the Nation's oat acreage had emerged by April 12, three percentage points behind last year and 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By April 19, producers had seeded 44 percent of this year's oat crop, 7 percentage points behind last year and 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Twenty-seven percent of the Nation's oat acreage had emerged by April 19, three percentage points behind both last year and the 5-year average. By April 26, producers had seeded 53 percent of this year's oat crop, 7 percentage points behind last year but equal to the 5-year average. Thirty-four percent of the Nation's oat acreage had emerged by April 26, two percentage points behind last year and 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. By May 3, producers had seeded 63 percent of this year's oat crop, 7 percentage points behind last year but equal to the 5-year average. Forty-three percent of the Nation's oat acreage had emerged by May 3, three percentage points behind last year but 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. Five percent of the Nation's barley crop had been planted by April 5, equal to both last year and the 5-year average. By April 12, thirteen percent of the Nation's barley crop had been planted, 1 percentage point ahead of last year and 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By April 19, twenty-four percent of the Nation's barley crop had been planted, equal to last year but 4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Six percent of the barley crop had emerged by April 19, three percentage points ahead of last year and 4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By April 26, thirty-four percent of the Nation's barley acreage had been planted, 1 percentage point behind last year but 5 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Eleven percent of the barley crop had emerged by April 26, three percentage points ahead of last year and 5 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By May 3, forty-nine percent of the Nation's barley acreage had been planted, 1 percentage point ahead of last year and 6 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Twenty-two percent of the barley crop had emerged by May 3, five percentage points ahead of last year and 9 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Two percent of the spring wheat crop had been seeded by April 5, one percentage point behind both last year and the 5-year average. By April 12, six percent of the spring wheat crop had been seeded, equal to last year but 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. By April 19, twelve percent of the spring wheat crop had been seeded, 4 percent behind last year but equal to the 5-year average. Two percent of the spring wheat acreage had emerged by April 19, equal to both last year and the 5-year average. By April 26, nineteen percent of the spring wheat crop had been seeded, 9 percentage points behind last year and 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Five percent of the spring wheat acreage had emerged by April 26, equal to last year but 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. By May 3, thirty-two percent of the spring wheat crop had been seeded, 10 percentage points behind last year and 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Ten percent of the spring wheat acreage had emerged by May 3, two percentage points behind last year but 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. Three percent of the 2026 sugarbeet crop had been planted by April 5, one percentage point ahead of last year but equal to the 5-year average. By April 12, nine percent of the 2026 sugarbeet crop had been planted, 1 percentage point behind last year but equal to the 5-year average. By April 19, twelve percent of the 2026 sugarbeet crop had been planted, 8 percentage points behind last year and 6 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By April 26, fifteen percent of the 2026 sugarbeet crop had been planted, 34 percentage points behind last year and 22 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By May 3, fifty-five percent of the 2026 sugarbeet crop had been planted, 24 percentage points behind last year and 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. One percent of the 2026 peanut crop had been planted by April 12, equal to both last year and the 5-year average. By April 19, four percent of the 2026 peanut crop had been planted, 1 percentage point ahead of last year and 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By April 26, seven percent of the 2026 peanut crop had been planted, equal to last year but 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. By May 3, thirteen percent of the 2026 peanut crop had been planted, 4 percentage points behind last year and 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Crop Comments Winter wheat: Production is forecast at 1.05 billion bushels, down 25 percent from 2025. As of May 1, the United States yield is forecast at 47.6 bushels per acre, down 7.3 bushels from last year's average yield of 54.9 bushels per acre. Michigan and Pennsylvania are expecting a record high yield. Area expected to be harvested for grain is forecast at 22.0 million acres, down 14 percent from last year. If realized, this would be a record low harvested acreage for the Nation. Producers expect to harvest 68 percent of the planted acres for grain. Indiana, Nebraska, and Virginia are expecting record low harvested acreage. As of May 3, thirty-one percent of the winter wheat acreage in the 18 major producing States was rated in good to excellent condition, 20 percentage points lower than at the same time last year. Nationally, 49 percent of the winter wheat crop was headed by May 3, seventeen percentage points ahead of the 5-year average pace. As of May 3, twenty-two percent of the winter wheat crop in Kansas, the largest winter wheat producing State, was rated in good to excellent condition. Durum wheat: Production of Durum wheat in Arizona and California is forecast at a collective 8.29 million bushels, up 11 percent from last year. Acreage intended for harvest in these two States is up 25 percent from 2025. Hay stocks on farms: All hay stored on United States farms as of May 1, 2026, totaled 23.3 million tons, down 3 percent from May 1, 2025. Disappearance from December 1, 2025 - May 1, 2026, totaled 58.4 million tons, up 2 percent from the same period a year earlier. Record low hay stocks were estimated in Connecticut, New Hamshire, and Rhode Island. Peaches: The 2026 California peach crop is forecast at 480,000 tons, down 10 percent from last year. The California Freestone crop is forecast at 310,000 tons, down 3 percent from last season. The California Clingstone crop is forecast at 170,000 tons, down 20 percent from the previous year. Almonds: The 2026 California almond production (shelled basis) is forecast at 2.70 billion pounds, down 1 percent from the previous year. Bearing acreage, at 1.39 million acres, is down 1 percent from 2025. The average yield is forecast at 1,940 pounds per acre, unchanged from the previous season. The May 1 forecast was based on a subjective survey of around 500 almond growers conducted April 21 to May 6. It is a stratified random sample, grouped by size of operation to ensure all growers will be proportionally represented. Growers were asked to report their total and bearing acreage for 2026 along with their expected 2026 production, and were given the option of reporting by mail, online, or phone. 2025 Cotton Final: All cotton production is estimated at 13.9 million 480-pound bales, down 4 percent from the 2024 crop. The United States yield for all cotton is estimated at 852 pounds per acre, down 40 pounds from the previous year. Upland cotton production is estimated at 13.5 million 480-pound bales, down 3 percent from the 2024 crop. The United States yield for upland cotton is estimated at 842 pounds per acre, down 44 pounds from 2024. American Pima production is estimated at 405,000 480-pound bales, down 14 percent from 2024. The United States yield is estimated at 1,405 pounds per acre, up 277 pounds from the previous season. Cottonseed: Cottonseed production in 2025 totaled 4.13 million tons, down 3 percent from the previous year. Sales to oil mills accounted for 50 percent of the disposition. The remaining 50 percent will be used for seed, feed, exports, and various other uses. Statistical Methodology Wheat survey procedures: Objective yield and farm operator surveys were conducted between April 24 and May 7 to gather information on expected yield as of May 1. The objective yield survey was conducted in three States (Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas) where wheat is normally mature enough to make meaningful counts. Farm operators were interviewed to update previously reported acreage data and seek permission to randomly locate two sample plots in selected winter wheat fields. The counts made within each sample plot depended upon the crop's maturity. Counts such as number of stalks, heads in late boot, and number of emerged heads were made to predict the number of heads that would be harvested. The counts are used with similar data from previous years to develop a projected biological yield. The average harvesting loss is subtracted to obtain a net yield. The plots are revisited each month until crop maturity when the heads are clipped, threshed, and weighed. After the farm operator has harvested the sample field, another plot is sampled to obtain current year harvesting loss. The farm operator survey included a sample of approximately 7,350 producers representing all major production areas. The survey was conducted primarily by telephone with some use of mail, and internet. These producers were selected from an earlier acreage survey and were asked about the probable winter wheat acres for harvest and yield on their operation. These growers will continue to be surveyed throughout the growing season to provide indications of average yields. Wheat estimating procedures: National and State level objective yield and grower reported data were reviewed for reasonableness and consistency with historical estimates. The survey data were also reviewed considering weather patterns and crop progress compared to previous months and previous years. Each Regional Field Office submits their analysis of the current situation to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the survey data and the State analyses to prepare the published May 1 forecasts. Revision Policy: The May 1 production forecast will not be revised; instead, a new forecast will be made each month throughout the growing season. End-of-season wheat estimates are made after harvest. At the end of the wheat marketing season, a balance sheet is calculated using carryover stocks, production, exports, millings, feeding, and ending stocks. Revisions are then made if the balance sheet relationships or other administrative data warrant changes. Reliability: To assist users in evaluating the reliability of the May 1 production forecast, the "Root Mean Square Error," a statistical measure based on past performance, is computed. The deviation between the May 1 production forecast and the final estimate is expressed as a percentage of the final estimate. The average of the squared percentage deviations for the latest 20-year period is computed. The square root of the average becomes statistically the "Root Mean Square Error." Probability statements can be made concerning expected differences in the current forecast relative to the final end-of-season estimate, assuming that factors affecting this year's forecast are not different from those influencing recent years. The "Root Mean Square Error" for the May 1 winter wheat production forecast is 5.7 percent. This means that chances are two out of three that the current production forecast will not be above or below the final estimate by more than 5.7 percent. Chances are 9 out of 10 (90 percent confidence level) that the difference will not exceed 9.9 percent. Also, shown in the following table is a 20-year record for selected crops of the differences between the May 1 forecast and the final estimate. Using winter wheat again as an example, changes between the May 1 forecast and final estimate during the last 20 years have averaged 65 million bushels, ranging from 5 million to 245 million bushels. The May 1 forecast has been below the final estimate 10 times and above 10 times. This does not imply that the May 1 winter wheat forecast this year is likely to understate or overstate final production. Reliability of May 1 Crop Production Forecasts [Based on data for the past twenty years] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : : : Difference between forecast : : : and final estimate : : :---------------------------------------- : :90 percent : Production : Years Crop : Root mean :confidence :---------------------------------------- :square error: interval : : : : Below : Above : : :Average:Smallest:Largest: final : final ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : ---- percent --- ----- millions ----- number : Wheat : Winter wheat ........bushels: 5.7 9.9 65 5 245 10 10 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service Information Contacts Listed below are the commodity statisticians in the Crops Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to nass@usda.gov Anthony Prillaman, Acting Chief, Crops Branch............................................. (202) 720-2127 Chris Hawthorn, Head, Field Crops Section................................................. (202) 720-2127 Fleming Gibson, Head, Fruits, Vegetables, and Special Crops Section....................... (202) 236-2428 Joshua Bates - Asparagus, Hemp, Maple Syrup, Soybeans................................ (202) 690-3234 Natasha Bruton - Cotton System Consumption and Stocks, Grain Crushings, Fats and Oils, Flour Milling Products, Broccoli, Cauliflower, Plums, Prunes..... (202) 690-1042 Noemi Guindin - Crop Progress and Condition, Kiwifruit............................... (202) 720-7324 Michelle Harder - Hay, Kale, Peanuts, Raspberries.................................... (202) 690-8533 Deonne Holiday - Almonds, Carrots, Coffee, Cranberries, Garlic, Onions Proso Millet, Rye, Tobacco...................................................... (202) 720-4288 Bret Holliman - Apricots, Barley, Chickpeas, Nectarines, Peaches, Snap Beans, Tomatoes............................................................ (202) 720-7235 James Johanson - Dry Edible Beans, Lettuce, Macadamias, Wheat........................ (202) 720-8068 Greg Lemmons - Beets, Corn, Flaxseed, Pears, Rice, Sweet Corn........................ (202) 720-9526 Krishna Rizal - Artichokes, Celery, Grapefruit, Lemons, Mandarins and Tangerines, Mint, Mushrooms, Olives, Oranges, Pistachios.................................... (202) 720-5412 Chris Singh - Apples, Cucumbers, Hazelnuts, Potatoes, Pumpkins, Squash, Sugarbeets, Sugarcane, Sweet Potatoes................................... (202) 720-4285 Becky Sommer - Cabbage, Cotton, Cotton Ginnings, Sorghum, Walnuts, Strawberries...... (202) 720-5944 Travis Thorson - Blueberries, Canola, Mustard Seed, Rapeseed, Safflower, Spinach, Sunflower.............................................................. (202) 720-7369 Antonio Torres - Cantaloupes, Dry Edible Peas, Grapes, Green Peas, Honeydews, Lentils, Oats, Sweet Cherries, Tart Cherries, Watermelons............ (202) 720-2157 Chris Wallace - Avocados, Bell Peppers, Chile Peppers, Dates, Floriculture, Hops, Papayas, Pecans........................................................... (202) 720-4215 Access to NASS Reports For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways: All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: www.nass.usda.gov. The national specific reports are available via a free e-mail subscription. To set-up this free subscription, visit www.nass.usda.gov and click on "National" in upper right corner above "search" box to create an account and select the reports you would like to receive. Economics, Statistics, and Market Information (ESMIS) - National Agricultural Library (NAL) website houses NASS's and other agency archived reports at https://esmis.nal.usda.gov. 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