United States Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Statistics Service ISSN: 1057- 7823 Crop Production 2025 Summary January 2026 Corn for grain production in 2025 was estimated at a record high 17.0 billion bushels, up 14 percent from the 2024 estimate. The average yield in the United States was estimated at a record high 186.5 bushels per acre, 7.2 bushels above the 2024 yield of 179.3 bushels per acre. Area harvested for grain was estimated at 91.3 million acres, up 10 percent from the 2024 estimate. Sorghum: Grain production in 2025 was estimated 437 million bushels, up 27 percent from the 2024 total. Planted area for 2025 was estimated at 6.64 million acres, up 5 percent from 2024. Area harvested for grain, at 6.02 million acres, was up 7 percent from 2024. Grain yield was estimated at 72.6 bushels per acre, up 11.3 bushels from 2024. Rice: Production in 2025 totaled 207 million cwt, down 7 percent from the 2024 total. Planted area for 2025 was estimated at 2.81 million acres, down 4 percent from 2024. Area harvested, at 2.74 million acres, was down 5 percent from the previous crop year. The average yield for all United States rice was estimated at 7,544 pounds per acre, down 209 pounds from 2024. Soybean production in 2025 totaled 4.26 billion bushels, down 3 percent from 2024. The average yield per acre was estimated at a record high 53.0 bushels per acre, up 2.3 bushels from 2024. Harvested area, at 80.4 million acres, was down 7 percent from last year. All cotton production is estimated at 13.9 million 480-pound bales, down 3 percent from 2024. The United States yield is estimated at 856 pounds per acre, down 30 pounds from last year. Harvested area, at 7.80 million acres, is down slightly from last year. This report was approved on January 12, 2026. Secretary of Agriculture Designate Richard Fordyce Agricultural Statistics Board Chairperson Lance Honig Contents Principal Crops Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2023-2025............................ 7 Corn and Soybean Area Left to be Harvested - States and United States: 2024 and 2025........................ 8 Corn Area Planted for All Purposes and Harvested for Grain, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023-2025.................................................................................... 9 Corn for Silage Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023-2025................. 11 Corn for Grain Plant Population per Acre - Selected States: 2021-2025....................................... 12 Corn for Grain Number of Ears per Acre - Selected States: 2021-2025......................................... 13 Corn for Grain Percentage Distribution by Plant Population per Acre - Selected States: 2021-2025............ 14 Corn for Grain Frequency of Farmer Reported Row Widths - Selected States: 2021-2025......................... 15 Corn for Grain Percentage Distribution by Measured Row Width and Average Row Width - Selected States: 2021-2025........................................................................................... 16 Sorghum Area Planted for All Purposes and Harvested for Grain, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023-2025.................................................................................... 17 Sorghum for Silage Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023-2025.............. 18 Oat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023-2025................. 19 Barley Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023-2025.............. 21 All Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023-2025........... 23 Winter Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023-2025........ 25 Other Spring Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023-2025.. 27 Durum Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023-2025......... 28 Wheat Production by Class - United States: 2023-2025........................................................ 28 Rice Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production by Class - States and United States: 2023-2025....... 29 Rye Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023-2025................. 31 Proso Millet Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023-2025........ 32 All Hay Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023-2025......................... 33 Alfalfa and Alfalfa Mixtures for Hay Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023-2025.................................................................................... 35 All Other Hay Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023-2025................... 37 All Forage Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and 17 State Total: 2023-2025..................... 39 All Alfalfa Forage Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and 17 State Total: 2023-2025............. 40 All Other Forage Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and 17 State Total: 2023-2025............... 41 All Haylage and Greenchop Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and 17 State Total: 2023-2025...... 42 Alfalfa Haylage and Greenchop Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and 17 State Total: 2023-2025.. 43 All Other Haylage and Greenchop Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and 17 State Total: 2023-2025............................................................................................ 44 New Seedings of Alfalfa and Alfalfa Mixtures - States and United States: 2023-2025.......................... 45 Peanut Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023-2025.............. 46 Canola Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023-2025.............. 47 Sunflower Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production by Type - States and United States: 2023-2025... 48 Soybeans for Beans Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023-2025.. 50 Percent of Soybean Acreage Planted Following Another Harvested Crop - Selected States and United States: 2021-2025.................................................................................... 52 Soybean Pods with Beans per 18 Square Feet - Selected States: 2021-2025..................................... 53 Soybean Frequency of Farmer Reported Row Widths - Selected States: 2021-2025................................ 55 Soybean Percentage Distribution by Measured Row Width and Average Row Width - Selected States: 2021-2025........................................................................................... 57 Flaxseed Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023-2025............ 59 Safflower Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023-2025........... 59 Other Oilseed Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production by Crop - United States: 2023-2025.......... 60 Cotton Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production by Type - States and United States: 2023-2025...... 61 Cottonseed Production - States and United States: 2023-2025................................................. 63 Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023-2025......................... 64 Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Class and Type - States and United States: 2023-2025....... 65 Sugarbeet Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023-2025........... 67 Sugarcane Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023-2025....................... 68 Potato Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023-2025.............. 69 Dry Edible Bean Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023-2025..... 70 Dry Edible Bean Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production by Commercial Class - States and United States: 2023-2025.................................................................................... 71 Lentil Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023-2025.............. 81 Chickpea Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023-2025............ 82 Dry Edible Pea Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023-2025...... 84 Hop Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Variety - States and United States: 2023-2025.................. 85 Hop Organic Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - United States: 2023-2025................................ 91 Mint for Oil Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Crop - States and United States: 2023-2025............ 92 Maple Syrup Taps, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023-2025............................... 93 Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2024 and 2025..... 94 Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2024 and 2025....... 96 2025 Annual Weather Summary ................................................................................ 98 2025 Annual Crop Summary ................................................................................... 102 Crop Comments............................................................................................... 105 Statistical Methodology..................................................................................... 114 Information Contacts........................................................................................ 115 Principal Crops Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2023-2025 [Crops included are corn, sorghum, oats, barley, rye, winter wheat, Durum wheat, other spring wheat, rice, soybeans, peanuts, sunflower, cotton, dry edible beans, chickpeas, potatoes, canola, proso millet, and sugarbeets. Harvested acreage is used for all hay, tobacco, and sugarcane in computing total area planted. Includes double cropped acres and unharvested small grains planted as cover crops] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Alabama .........: 2,120 2,030 1,960 2,034 1,958 1,891 Alaska ..........: 27 30 30 26 28 29 Arizona .........: 597 562 558 592 558 554 Arkansas ........: 7,211 7,053 6,632 7,072 6,934 6,515 California ......: 2,411 2,484 2,254 2,044 2,208 2,046 Colorado ........: 5,950 5,951 5,807 5,245 5,484 5,450 Connecticut .....: 77 74 68 73 70 64 Delaware ........: 438 421 398 415 392 376 Florida .........: 1,087 1,050 1,052 1,073 1,034 1,038 Georgia .........: 3,296 3,185 3,180 3,115 2,993 2,980 : Idaho ...........: 4,057 4,137 4,056 3,852 4,003 3,917 Illinois ........: 22,855 22,865 22,780 22,647 22,652 22,484 Indiana .........: 11,885 11,790 11,720 11,775 11,680 11,580 Iowa ............: 24,250 24,095 24,130 23,915 23,823 23,890 Kansas ..........: 25,024 23,899 23,957 21,505 22,836 23,073 Kentucky ........: 6,147 6,112 6,134 5,967 5,902 5,934 Louisiana .......: 3,214 3,091 3,112 3,136 3,000 3,050 Maine ...........: 242 232 232 234 223 225 Maryland ........: 1,526 1,486 1,456 1,343 1,299 1,273 Massachusetts ...: 68 63 63 65 60 60 : Michigan ........: 6,270 6,186 6,205 6,160 6,093 6,105 Minnesota .......: 19,444 19,221 19,806 19,117 18,851 19,414 Mississippi .....: 4,209 4,151 3,860 4,112 4,076 3,779 Missouri ........: 14,657 13,628 13,620 14,284 13,298 13,289 Montana .........: 9,707 9,457 8,895 9,214 8,940 8,254 Nebraska ........: 19,473 19,467 19,542 18,763 19,029 19,112 Nevada ..........: 393 370 371 391 367 369 New Hampshire ...: 54 51 48 53 50 46 New Jersey ......: 305 272 276 298 264 273 New Mexico ......: 855 807 768 509 563 541 : New York ........: 2,730 2,733 2,599 2,659 2,680 2,510 North Carolina ..: 4,397 4,228 4,043 4,237 4,014 3,890 North Dakota ....: 24,077 23,305 24,231 23,512 22,805 23,691 Ohio ............: 9,850 9,860 9,740 9,705 9,725 9,620 Oklahoma ........: 10,724 9,815 9,515 7,914 7,738 7,846 Oregon ..........: 1,852 1,895 1,727 1,803 1,853 1,702 Pennsylvania ....: 3,395 3,379 3,245 3,111 3,109 2,932 Rhode Island ....: 8 8 8 7 7 7 South Carolina ..: 1,423 1,382 1,345 1,385 1,317 1,295 South Dakota ....: 17,222 16,836 17,197 16,420 16,232 16,576 : Tennessee .......: 5,000 4,823 4,753 4,865 4,713 4,598 Texas ...........: 22,135 21,194 21,573 13,559 14,649 16,542 Utah ............: 856 910 866 834 888 842 Vermont .........: 254 244 253 245 235 242 Virginia ........: 2,583 2,347 2,431 2,458 2,176 2,319 Washington ......: 3,807 3,709 3,732 3,733 3,639 3,642 West Virginia ...: 654 648 656 649 640 654 Wisconsin .......: 7,875 7,968 8,080 7,400 7,517 7,674 Wyoming .........: 1,416 1,192 1,247 1,360 1,143 1,192 : United States 1/ : 319,542 311,996 311,541 295,043 293,919 295,542 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ States may not add to United States due to rye unallocated acreage and/or rounding. Corn and Soybean Area Left to be Harvested - States and United States: 2024 and 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Planted : Harvested 1/ :Acres Left to be Harvested Crop :--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres 1,000 acres 1,000 acres 1,000 acres 1,000 acres 1,000 acres : Corn 2/ ..................: 90,909 98,788 83,046 91,258 188 415 Soybeans .................: 87,260 81,215 86,208 80,437 282 241 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Includes area left to be harvested 2/ Planted for all purposes; harvested for grain Corn Area Planted for All Purposes and Harvested for Grain, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023-2025 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted for all purposes : Area harvested for grain State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Alabama .........: 330 280 350 320 270 340 Arizona .........: 105 70 65 38 19 16 Arkansas ........: 850 500 810 830 480 790 California ......: 400 440 420 40 55 50 Colorado ........: 1,330 1,460 1,500 1,015 1,180 1,250 Connecticut 1/ ..: 24 24 23 (NA) (NA) (NA) Delaware ........: 175 165 175 172 161 172 Florida .........: 90 85 85 62 47 57 Georgia .........: 485 375 550 440 305 500 Idaho ...........: 360 380 430 115 110 145 : Illinois ........: 11,200 10,800 11,200 11,050 10,650 11,000 Indiana .........: 5,450 5,200 5,400 5,310 5,050 5,230 Iowa ............: 13,100 12,900 13,550 12,550 12,450 13,200 Kansas ..........: 5,750 6,300 6,850 5,150 5,800 6,500 Kentucky ........: 1,600 1,370 1,520 1,500 1,280 1,420 Louisiana .......: 700 470 810 680 440 790 Maine 1/ ........: 28 30 30 (NA) (NA) (NA) Maryland ........: 480 440 460 440 380 410 Massachusetts 1/ : 14 14 14 (NA) (NA) (NA) Michigan ........: 2,400 2,300 2,350 2,060 1,950 1,980 : Minnesota .......: 8,600 8,200 8,900 8,180 7,730 8,450 Mississippi .....: 790 490 910 770 470 870 Missouri ........: 3,850 3,500 3,800 3,670 3,350 3,660 Montana .........: 135 130 145 68 77 75 Nebraska ........: 9,950 10,050 10,750 9,500 9,590 10,450 Nevada 1/ .......: 13 20 26 (NA) (NA) (NA) New Hampshire 1/ : 13 12 12 (NA) (NA) (NA) New Jersey ......: 74 72 75 65 61 66 New Mexico ......: 125 105 105 47 49 44 New York ........: 1,040 1,020 970 600 555 450 : North Carolina ..: 950 890 950 900 810 910 North Dakota ....: 4,050 3,950 4,700 3,800 3,640 4,500 Ohio ............: 3,600 3,400 3,400 3,400 3,200 3,160 Oklahoma ........: 390 450 540 340 410 495 Oregon ..........: 95 110 105 55 63 75 Pennsylvania ....: 1,040 1,050 1,010 680 700 680 Rhode Island 1/ .: 2 2 2 (NA) (NA) (NA) South Carolina ..: 365 340 390 350 305 370 South Dakota ....: 6,300 5,900 6,850 5,620 5,390 6,350 Tennessee .......: 940 700 930 890 660 865 : Texas ...........: 2,500 2,200 2,500 2,100 1,890 2,140 Utah ............: 75 80 85 27 27 33 Vermont 1/ ......: 89 94 95 (NA) (NA) (NA) Virginia ........: 495 460 470 370 290 350 Washington ......: 160 205 200 75 103 110 West Virginia ...: 44 41 41 30 24 30 Wisconsin .......: 4,000 3,750 4,150 3,140 2,960 3,220 Wyoming .........: 85 85 85 57 65 55 : United States ...: 94,641 90,909 98,788 86,506 83,046 91,258 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Corn Area Planted for All Purposes and Harvested for Grain, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023-2025 (continued) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield per acre : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----------- bushels ---------- ---------- 1,000 bushels --------- : Alabama .........: 164.0 112.0 152.0 52,480 30,240 51,680 Arizona .........: 206.0 225.0 198.0 7,828 4,275 3,168 Arkansas ........: 183.0 187.0 182.0 151,890 89,760 143,780 California ......: 178.0 182.0 173.0 7,120 10,010 8,650 Colorado ........: 122.0 116.0 133.0 123,830 136,880 166,250 Connecticut 1/ ..: (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Delaware ........: 189.0 171.0 191.0 32,508 27,531 32,852 Florida .........: 158.0 141.0 155.0 9,796 6,627 8,835 Georgia .........: 174.0 163.0 187.0 76,560 49,715 93,500 Idaho ...........: 203.0 206.0 209.0 23,345 22,660 30,305 : Illinois ........: 206.0 217.0 214.0 2,276,300 2,311,050 2,354,000 Indiana .........: 203.0 198.0 204.0 1,077,930 999,900 1,066,920 Iowa ............: 201.0 211.0 210.0 2,522,550 2,626,950 2,772,000 Kansas ..........: 119.0 129.0 145.0 612,850 748,200 942,500 Kentucky ........: 187.0 178.0 167.0 280,500 227,840 237,140 Louisiana .......: 175.0 185.0 193.0 119,000 81,400 152,470 Maine 1/ ........: (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Maryland ........: 165.0 143.0 171.0 72,600 54,340 70,110 Massachusetts 1/ : (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Michigan ........: 168.0 181.0 178.0 346,080 352,950 352,440 : Minnesota .......: 185.0 174.0 201.0 1,513,300 1,345,020 1,698,450 Mississippi .....: 181.0 186.0 180.0 139,370 87,420 156,600 Missouri ........: 153.0 183.0 185.0 561,510 613,050 677,100 Montana .........: 129.0 85.0 132.0 8,772 6,545 9,900 Nebraska ........: 182.0 188.0 194.0 1,729,000 1,802,920 2,027,300 Nevada 1/ .......: (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) New Hampshire 1/ : (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) New Jersey ......: 168.0 157.0 161.0 10,920 9,577 10,626 New Mexico ......: 155.0 157.0 173.0 7,285 7,693 7,612 New York ........: 159.0 169.0 140.0 95,400 93,795 63,000 : North Carolina ..: 147.0 87.0 144.0 132,300 70,470 131,040 North Dakota ....: 143.0 149.0 158.0 543,400 542,360 711,000 Ohio ............: 198.0 177.0 185.0 673,200 566,400 584,600 Oklahoma ........: 149.0 98.0 122.0 50,660 40,180 60,390 Oregon ..........: 214.0 208.0 236.0 11,770 13,104 17,700 Pennsylvania ....: 157.0 138.0 151.0 106,760 96,600 102,680 Rhode Island 1/ .: (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) South Carolina ..: 150.0 101.0 138.0 52,500 30,805 51,060 South Dakota ....: 152.0 164.0 171.0 854,240 883,960 1,085,850 Tennessee .......: 173.0 152.0 162.0 153,970 100,320 140,130 : Texas ...........: 122.0 112.0 135.0 256,200 211,680 288,900 Utah ............: 185.0 167.0 172.0 4,995 4,509 5,676 Vermont 1/ ......: (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Virginia ........: 157.0 114.0 168.0 58,090 33,060 58,800 Washington ......: 240.0 235.0 251.0 18,000 24,205 27,610 West Virginia ...: 145.0 110.0 153.0 4,350 2,640 4,590 Wisconsin .......: 176.0 174.0 188.0 552,640 515,040 605,360 Wyoming .........: 153.0 155.0 145.0 8,721 10,075 7,975 : United States ...: 177.3 179.3 186.5 15,340,520 14,891,756 17,020,549 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Area harvested for grain not estimated. Corn for Silage Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023-2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production State :-------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 :2023 :2024 :2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : ----- 1,000 acres ----- ----- tons ----- -------- 1,000 tons ------- : Alabama .......: 4 4 4 16.0 16.0 15.0 64 64 60 Arizona .......: 66 50 48 27.0 27.0 29.0 1,782 1,350 1,392 Arkansas ......: 5 5 3 16.0 20.0 13.0 80 100 39 California ....: 350 380 365 26.0 26.0 27.0 9,100 9,880 9,855 Colorado ......: 235 200 200 24.5 22.5 23.0 5,758 4,500 4,600 Connecticut ...: 20 20 19 17.0 20.0 21.0 340 400 399 Delaware ......: 2 2 2 25.0 23.0 25.0 50 46 50 Florida .......: 25 34 24 19.0 16.0 15.0 475 544 360 Georgia .......: 35 45 35 23.0 21.0 22.0 805 945 770 Idaho .........: 240 265 280 28.0 30.0 31.0 6,720 7,950 8,680 : Illinois ......: 90 90 90 20.0 24.0 20.0 1,800 2,160 1,800 Indiana .......: 120 130 130 22.0 23.0 22.0 2,640 2,990 2,860 Iowa ..........: 380 340 250 20.0 24.0 25.0 7,600 8,160 6,250 Kansas ........: 330 310 230 15.0 16.0 23.0 4,950 4,960 5,290 Kentucky ......: 80 70 70 22.0 19.0 21.0 1,760 1,330 1,470 Louisiana .....: 3 3 3 15.0 18.0 15.0 45 54 45 Maine .........: 23 26 25 15.0 19.0 13.0 345 494 325 Maryland ......: 30 40 40 17.0 16.0 18.0 510 640 720 Massachusetts .: 11 11 11 16.0 19.0 17.0 176 209 187 Michigan ......: 320 325 350 20.0 20.5 22.5 6,400 6,663 7,875 : Minnesota .....: 350 380 360 18.5 21.0 23.0 6,475 7,980 8,280 Mississippi ...: 6 7 15 15.0 16.0 18.0 90 112 270 Missouri ......: 100 100 80 14.0 18.0 16.0 1,400 1,800 1,280 Montana .......: 62 37 57 23.0 20.0 23.0 1,426 740 1,311 Nebraska ......: 280 280 210 17.0 21.0 21.0 4,760 5,880 4,410 Nevada ........: 11 17 24 21.0 25.0 22.0 231 425 528 New Hampshire .: 12 11 10 18.0 21.0 17.0 216 231 170 New Jersey ....: 6 5 7 18.0 17.0 20.0 108 85 140 New Mexico ....: 69 51 59 21.0 22.0 23.0 1,449 1,122 1,357 New York ......: 430 455 500 20.0 19.0 17.0 8,600 8,645 8,500 : North Carolina : 30 20 30 18.0 12.0 22.0 540 240 660 North Dakota ..: 200 260 170 17.5 15.0 19.0 3,500 3,900 3,230 Ohio ..........: 160 160 200 21.0 20.0 22.0 3,360 3,200 4,400 Oklahoma ......: 30 20 25 14.0 12.0 14.0 420 240 350 Oregon ........: 39 46 29 26.0 23.0 23.0 1,014 1,058 667 Pennsylvania ..: 345 320 315 20.0 16.0 20.0 6,900 5,120 6,300 Rhode Island ..: 1 1 1 21.0 18.0 12.0 21 18 12 South Carolina : 8 7 6 19.0 18.0 19.0 152 126 114 South Dakota ..: 520 410 390 17.0 15.0 17.0 8,840 6,150 6,630 Tennessee .....: 30 25 35 20.0 17.0 19.0 600 425 665 : Texas .........: 280 160 265 18.0 18.0 22.0 5,040 2,880 5,830 Utah ..........: 46 50 51 25.0 23.0 24.0 1,150 1,150 1,224 Vermont .......: 80 85 84 17.0 19.0 18.0 1,360 1,615 1,512 Virginia ......: 100 95 100 17.0 14.0 21.0 1,700 1,330 2,100 Washington ....: 85 101 89 24.0 26.0 27.0 2,040 2,626 2,403 West Virginia .: 9 9 9 17.0 12.0 19.0 153 108 171 Wisconsin .....: 780 730 885 21.0 20.0 22.0 16,380 14,600 19,470 Wyoming .......: 23 15 23 23.0 23.0 23.0 529 345 529 : United States .: 6,461 6,207 6,208 20.1 20.2 21.8 129,854 125,590 135,540 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Corn for Grain Objective Yield Data The National Agricultural Statistics Service conducted objective yield surveys in 10 corn producing States during 2025. Randomly selected plots in corn for grain fields were visited monthly from September through harvest to obtain specific counts and measurements. Data in these tables are rounded actual field counts from this survey. Corn for Grain Plant Population per Acre - Selected States: 2021-2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : : :: State : : : : : and month : 2021 : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 :: and month : 2021 : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : number :: : number : :: : Illinois : :: Nebraska : September .....: 31,550 32,050 32,550 31,850 32,700 :: All corn : October .......: 31,550 32,500 32,450 32,250 32,350 :: September ....: 26,750 26,450 26,600 25,950 26,450 November ......: 31,500 32,450 32,400 32,200 32,200 :: October ......: 26,650 26,250 26,700 25,800 26,350 Final .........: 31,500 32,450 32,400 32,200 32,300 :: November .....: 26,650 26,200 26,650 25,800 26,450 : :: Final ........: 26,650 26,200 26,650 25,800 26,550 Indiana : :: : September .....: 29,700 29,050 31,000 30,850 29,650 :: Irrigated : October .......: 29,650 28,550 30,800 30,650 29,500 :: September ....: 29,350 29,000 29,650 28,300 27,900 November ......: 29,750 28,600 31,100 30,600 29,800 :: October ......: 29,300 28,950 29,600 28,150 27,450 Final .........: 29,750 28,600 31,100 30,600 29,450 :: November .....: 29,300 28,850 29,550 28,050 27,450 : :: Final ........: 29,300 28,850 29,550 28,050 27,400 Iowa : :: : September .....: 31,850 31,750 32,250 30,900 30,750 :: Non-irrigated : October .......: 31,850 31,550 31,900 30,500 30,800 :: September ....: 24,050 23,850 23,450 23,000 25,000 November ......: 31,800 31,600 31,950 30,600 30,850 :: October ......: 24,000 23,500 23,650 22,850 25,200 Final .........: 31,800 31,600 31,950 30,850 30,850 :: November .....: 23,950 23,500 23,700 23,000 25,450 : :: Final ........: 23,950 23,500 23,700 23,000 25,450 Kansas : :: : September .....: 22,050 22,600 23,800 21,700 21,650 :: Ohio : October .......: 21,550 23,200 23,400 21,650 22,000 :: September .....: 30,400 29,400 30,050 31,300 31,200 November ......: 21,800 23,350 23,600 21,750 22,200 :: October .......: 30,050 29,350 29,900 31,250 31,250 Final .........: 21,800 23,350 23,600 21,700 22,000 :: November ......: 30,050 29,700 29,650 31,150 31,050 : :: Final .........: 30,050 29,700 29,650 31,150 30,950 Minnesota : :: : September .....: 30,750 31,300 31,300 30,200 31,350 :: South Dakota : October .......: 30,700 31,250 31,450 30,500 31,250 :: September .....: 26,150 26,400 26,050 25,650 23,600 November ......: 30,700 31,300 31,450 30,550 31,300 :: October .......: 26,100 26,200 26,150 25,350 24,100 Final .........: 30,700 31,300 31,450 30,500 31,300 :: November ......: 25,750 25,900 26,100 25,400 24,000 : :: Final .........: 25,750 25,900 26,100 25,400 24,200 Missouri : :: : September .....: 27,250 27,500 27,350 28,500 27,450 :: Wisconsin : October .......: 27,400 27,100 27,300 28,150 27,700 :: September .....: 29,900 30,700 30,300 30,350 29,650 November ......: 27,350 27,200 27,400 28,150 27,600 :: October .......: 29,550 30,300 29,900 30,300 30,000 Final .........: 27,350 27,200 27,400 28,150 27,600 :: November ......: 29,400 30,200 30,050 30,450 29,300 : :: Final .........: 29,400 30,200 30,000 30,450 29,650 : :: : : :: 10 State : : :: September .....: 29,100 29,250 29,650 28,900 28,800 : :: October .......: 29,000 29,200 29,500 28,800 28,800 : :: November ......: 29,000 29,200 29,550 28,850 28,800 : :: Final .........: 29,000 29,200 29,550 28,900 28,800 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Corn for Grain Number of Ears per Acre - Selected States: 2021-2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : : :: State : : : : : and month : 2021 : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 :: and month : 2021 : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : number :: : number : :: : Illinois : :: Nebraska : September .....: 31,100 31,500 32,250 31,500 31,950 :: All corn : October .......: 31,050 31,850 32,050 31,900 31,600 :: September ....: 26,650 25,850 26,300 26,300 26,700 November ......: 31,050 31,800 32,000 31,850 31,400 :: October ......: 26,950 25,000 26,700 25,750 26,600 Final .........: 31,050 31,800 32,000 31,850 31,400 :: November .....: 26,800 24,950 26,600 25,800 26,550 : :: Final ........: 26,800 24,950 26,600 25,850 26,700 Indiana : :: : September .....: 29,700 28,700 30,700 31,700 29,900 :: Irrigated : October .......: 29,750 28,400 30,950 30,850 29,050 :: September ....: 29,000 28,900 29,350 28,400 28,200 November ......: 29,900 28,500 30,950 30,750 29,050 :: October ......: 29,600 28,350 29,800 27,750 27,850 Final .........: 29,900 28,500 30,950 30,750 28,850 :: November .....: 29,500 28,300 29,700 27,750 27,650 : :: Final ........: 29,500 28,300 29,700 27,750 27,650 Iowa : :: : September .....: 31,750 30,850 32,050 31,100 30,300 :: Non-irrigated : October .......: 31,800 30,800 31,700 30,450 30,250 :: September ....: 24,250 22,700 23,150 23,600 25,150 November ......: 31,800 30,800 31,750 30,500 30,350 :: October ......: 24,200 21,600 23,500 23,200 25,300 Final .........: 31,800 30,800 31,750 30,750 30,350 :: November .....: 24,050 21,600 23,450 23,300 25,450 : :: Final ........: 24,050 21,600 23,450 23,450 25,450 Kansas : :: : September .....: 22,250 22,800 23,500 21,350 22,300 :: Ohio : October .......: 21,450 22,300 22,800 20,850 22,500 :: September .....: 30,650 29,250 29,850 30,800 30,800 November ......: 21,700 22,100 23,150 21,000 22,650 :: October .......: 30,350 29,250 30,400 30,550 30,400 Final .........: 21,700 22,100 23,150 21,000 22,750 :: November ......: 30,350 29,550 29,950 30,450 30,200 : :: Final .........: 30,350 29,500 29,950 30,450 30,100 Minnesota : :: : September .....: 30,800 31,200 31,350 30,150 31,450 :: South Dakota : October .......: 30,650 31,450 31,300 30,450 30,900 :: September .....: 26,250 25,300 25,900 26,200 24,500 November ......: 30,600 31,450 31,300 30,450 31,050 :: October .......: 26,150 24,700 25,950 25,300 24,500 Final .........: 30,600 31,450 31,300 30,400 31,050 :: November ......: 25,400 24,250 26,150 25,250 24,500 : :: Final .........: 25,400 24,250 26,150 25,250 24,800 Missouri : :: : September .....: 26,900 26,300 26,500 28,450 26,850 :: Wisconsin : October .......: 26,950 26,200 26,300 27,950 27,200 :: September .....: 30,100 29,900 30,450 30,050 29,250 November ......: 26,950 26,300 26,350 27,900 27,100 :: October .......: 29,500 29,550 30,200 30,400 29,650 Final .........: 26,950 26,300 26,350 27,900 27,100 :: November ......: 29,400 29,400 30,200 30,400 28,950 : :: Final .........: 29,400 29,400 30,200 30,550 29,100 : :: : : :: 10-State : : :: September .....: 29,050 28,650 29,400 28,950 28,700 : :: October .......: 28,950 28,500 29,350 28,650 28,550 : :: November ......: 28,850 28,450 29,350 28,650 28,500 : :: Final .........: 28,850 28,450 29,350 28,700 28,550 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Corn for Grain Percentage Distribution by Plant Population per Acre - Selected States: 2021-2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Plant populations State and year :----------------------------------------------------------- :Less than: 20,000- : 22,501- : 25,001- : 27,501- :More than : 20,000 : 22,500 : 25,000 : 27,500 : 30,000 : 30,000 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent : Illinois ...............2021: 1.6 0.8 1.6 7.1 19.0 69.9 2022: - - 1.6 6.5 14.6 77.3 2023: 0.8 0.8 2.3 2.3 15.6 78.2 2024: - 0.9 1.8 5.4 13.4 78.5 2025: 2.5 - 0.8 9.3 9.3 78.1 : Indiana ................2021: 1.6 1.6 6.3 14.3 25.4 50.8 2022: 3.7 5.6 7.4 14.8 22.2 46.3 2023: - 1.5 1.5 11.9 20.9 64.2 2024: 1.6 4.9 1.6 6.6 19.7 65.6 2025: 8.5 1.7 6.8 10.2 11.9 60.9 : Iowa ...................2021: - 1.6 2.4 5.5 12.6 77.9 2022: 0.7 0.7 0.7 3.3 17.6 77.0 2023: 0.7 - 0.7 8.1 16.8 73.7 2024: 1.5 2.9 4.4 8.1 18.4 64.7 2025: 1.6 2.4 1.6 6.3 23.0 65.1 : Kansas .................2021: 26.3 13.1 24.2 15.2 9.1 12.1 2022: 19.2 9.6 20.5 11.0 20.5 19.2 2023: 13.8 13.8 20.0 12.5 26.1 13.8 2024: 24.6 18.8 27.7 7.2 13.0 8.7 2025: 35.6 17.9 17.9 11.6 10.7 6.3 : Minnesota ..............2021: 1.1 4.3 2.2 4.3 28.3 59.8 2022: 1.8 2.6 1.8 7.0 14.9 71.9 2023: 2.0 2.9 2.9 10.8 9.8 71.6 2024: 1.1 1.1 5.7 5.7 23.0 63.4 2025: 1.7 0.9 1.7 8.6 20.7 66.4 : Missouri ...............2021: 2.6 5.3 14.5 18.4 44.7 14.5 2022: 6.4 9.0 17.9 10.3 28.2 28.2 2023: 7.6 5.1 16.5 8.9 35.3 26.6 2024: 2.4 2.4 15.9 13.4 34.2 31.7 2025: 6.7 5.6 13.3 17.8 32.2 24.4 : Nebraska ...............2021: 15.8 2.5 14.2 14.2 20.0 33.3 2022: 7.0 13.2 10.9 16.3 26.2 26.4 2023: 11.7 10.8 5.0 17.5 26.7 28.3 2024: 16.9 12.1 12.1 14.5 16.1 28.3 2025: 17.5 7.8 10.7 9.7 17.5 36.8 : Ohio ...................2021: 2.3 1.1 4.6 9.2 32.2 50.6 2022: 2.4 3.5 3.5 15.3 28.2 47.1 2023: 2.9 6.9 7.8 11.8 17.6 53.0 2024: 1.2 - 3.5 8.1 18.6 68.6 2025: 1.4 1.4 5.7 10.0 21.4 60.1 : South Dakota ...........2021: 14.5 1.8 21.8 25.5 20.0 16.4 2022: 8.3 12.5 18.8 27.0 16.7 16.7 2023: 10.0 10.0 18.0 18.0 20.0 24.0 2024: 13.5 15.4 11.5 26.9 15.4 17.3 2025: 10.0 16.0 26.0 30.0 12.0 6.0 : Wisconsin ..............2021: 1.5 4.5 4.5 10.6 28.8 50.1 2022: 4.2 4.2 - 14.1 16.9 60.6 2023: - 1.4 5.7 17.1 21.4 54.4 2024: - - 6.3 12.5 25.0 56.2 2025: 1.8 1.8 8.9 12.5 25.0 50.0 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. Corn for Grain Frequency of Farmer Reported Row Widths - Selected States: 2021-2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Row width (inches) State and year :--------------------------------------------------------------- : Less than : : : : More than : 30 : 30 : 36 : 38 : 38 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : number : Illinois ...............2021: 3 127 - - - 2022: 1 126 2 - - 2023: 8 124 1 - - 2024: 4 115 - - - 2025: 6 114 - - - : Indiana ................2021: 1 63 - - - 2022: 1 57 - - - 2023: 2 69 - - - 2024: 4 60 - - 1 2025: 3 61 - - - : Iowa ...................2021: 4 126 2 - - 2022: 6 149 - - - 2023: 5 145 1 - - 2024: 9 130 1 - - 2025: 13 118 - 1 - : Kansas .................2021: 14 91 - - - 2022: 4 85 - - - 2023: 3 91 - - - 2024: 2 84 - - - 2025: 9 107 2 - - : Minnesota ..............2021: 22 73 - 1 - 2022: 17 99 1 - - 2023: 24 76 2 1 - 2024: 16 84 - 1 - 2025: 19 99 - 1 - : Missouri ...............2021: 2 72 1 5 - 2022: 5 69 1 4 - 2023: 1 73 3 1 - 2024: 3 83 - 2 - 2025: 8 83 1 6 - : Nebraska ...............2021: - 108 20 - - 2022: 1 134 14 - - 2023: 2 119 12 1 - 2024: 5 126 8 - - 2025: - 110 8 - 1 : Ohio ...................2021: 3 83 1 - - 2022: 5 86 - - - 2023: 5 96 1 1 - 2024: 3 82 1 - - 2025: 3 74 1 - - : South Dakota ...........2021: 3 55 2 - - 2022: 6 45 1 - - 2023: 3 51 1 1 - 2024: 5 54 - - - 2025: 7 52 - - - : Wisconsin ..............2021: 2 71 2 2 - 2022: 2 72 1 1 - 2023: 2 70 5 - - 2024: 2 70 2 1 - 2025: 3 67 2 1 - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. Corn for Grain Percentage Distribution by Measured Row Width and Average Row Width - Selected States: 2021-2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Row width (inches) : State and year :Samples :-----------------------------------------------:Average : : 20.5 : 20.6- :30.6- :34.6- : 36.6- :38.6 or : row : :or less : 30.5 : 34.5 : 36.5 : 38.5 :greater : width ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : number ----------------- percent ---------------- inches : Illinois ...............2021: 126 1.6 80.1 18.3 - - - 30.0 2022: 123 - 82.1 16.3 1.6 - - 30.1 2023: 128 3.1 83.6 13.3 - - - 29.8 2024: 112 1.8 86.6 11.6 - - - 29.8 2025: 118 5.1 78.0 16.9 - - - 29.7 : Indiana ................2021: 63 1.6 79.4 19.0 - - - 30.1 2022: 54 - 72.2 27.8 - - - 30.3 2023: 67 1.5 71.6 26.9 - - - 30.0 2024: 61 0.0 78.7 16.4 - 3.3 1.6 30.7 2025: 59 1.7 78.0 20.3 - - - 30.0 : Iowa ...................2021: 127 3.9 82.7 12.6 0.8 - - 29.7 2022: 153 2.6 78.4 19.0 - - - 29.9 2023: 149 1.3 75.8 21.5 0.7 0.7 - 30.1 2024: 136 3.7 84.6 10.3 0.7 0.7 - 29.8 2025: 126 2.4 84.1 11.1 - 2.4 - 29.6 : Kansas .................2021: 99 3.0 83.9 13.1 - - - 29.9 2022: 73 4.1 78.1 17.8 - - - 29.5 2023: 80 2.5 81.2 12.5 2.5 1.3 - 29.9 2024: 69 - 87.0 11.6 1.4 - - 30.1 2025: 112 3.6 75.0 19.6 1.8 - - 29.9 : Minnesota ..............2021: 92 3.3 88.0 7.6 - 1.1 - 28.5 2022: 114 - 83.3 15.8 0.9 - - 29.2 2023: 102 4.9 82.3 10.8 1.0 - 1.0 28.5 2024: 87 3.4 88.6 6.9 - - 1.1 28.8 2025: 116 5.2 84.4 9.5 - - 0.9 28.7 : Missouri ...............2021: 76 2.6 76.3 13.2 1.3 6.6 - 30.5 2022: 78 3.8 69.2 19.2 2.6 2.6 2.6 30.8 2023: 79 1.3 81.0 12.7 2.5 2.5 - 30.4 2024: 82 2.4 83.0 12.2 - 1.2 1.2 30.1 2025: 90 2.2 71.1 17.8 - 6.7 2.2 30.5 : Nebraska ...............2021: 120 - 69.2 15.8 14.2 0.8 - 30.9 2022: 129 0.8 65.8 24.0 7.8 1.6 - 30.8 2023: 120 - 68.3 21.7 5.0 5.0 - 30.8 2024: 124 1.6 64.6 29.0 2.4 2.4 - 30.5 2025: 103 - 70.9 19.4 6.8 2.9 - 30.9 : Ohio ...................2021: 87 3.4 82.9 12.6 1.1 - - 29.9 2022: 85 4.7 87.1 8.2 - - - 29.7 2023: 102 3.9 77.4 16.7 1.0 1.0 - 29.9 2024: 86 2.3 89.5 7.0 1.2 - - 29.9 2025: 70 2.9 81.4 14.3 1.4 - - 30.0 : South Dakota ...........2021: 55 1.8 76.4 14.5 1.8 5.5 - 30.2 2022: 48 6.3 79.1 10.4 2.1 2.1 - 29.3 2023: 50 4.0 64.0 28.0 2.0 2.0 - 30.1 2024: 52 7.7 71.1 21.2 - - - 29.3 2025: 50 8.0 62.0 30.0 - - - 29.3 : Wisconsin ..............2021: 66 - 71.3 22.7 1.5 4.5 - 30.5 2022: 71 - 63.4 31.0 2.8 1.4 1.4 30.6 2023: 70 - 72.8 24.3 2.9 - - 30.3 2024: 64 - 79.6 17.2 1.6 - 1.6 30.1 2025: 56 1.8 74.9 17.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 30.3 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. Sorghum Area Planted for All Purposes and Harvested for Grain, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023-2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area planted for all purposes : Area harvested for grain State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres : Colorado .........: 510 535 545 460 460 500 Kansas ...........: 3,600 3,000 3,000 3,250 2,800 2,800 Nebraska .........: 340 290 250 225 260 205 Oklahoma .........: 410 370 440 350 330 405 South Dakota .....: 335 420 255 280 305 210 Texas ............: 2,000 1,700 2,150 1,550 1,450 1,900 : United States ....: 7,195 6,315 6,640 6,115 5,605 6,020 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Yield per acre : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : ---------- bushels --------- -------- 1,000 bushels -------- : Colorado .........: 32.0 30.0 52.0 14,720 13,800 26,000 Kansas ...........: 52.0 65.0 90.0 169,000 182,000 252,000 Nebraska .........: 73.0 85.0 87.0 16,425 22,100 17,835 Oklahoma .........: 47.0 39.0 58.0 16,450 12,870 23,490 South Dakota .....: 90.0 76.0 80.0 25,200 23,180 16,800 Texas ............: 49.0 62.0 53.0 75,950 89,900 100,700 : United States ....: 52.0 61.3 72.6 317,745 343,850 436,825 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sorghum for Silage Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023-2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : ------- 1,000 acres ------- ------- tons ------- ------- 1,000 tons ------ : Colorado .........: 25 17 12 14.0 11.0 12.0 350 187 144 Kansas ...........: 90 45 140 12.0 12.5 15.5 1,080 563 2,170 Nebraska .........: 40 18 35 14.0 8.3 14.0 560 149 490 Oklahoma .........: 14 21 21 14.0 15.0 11.0 196 315 231 South Dakota .....: 30 65 30 13.0 11.5 13.5 390 748 405 Texas ............: 185 140 210 13.0 15.0 18.5 2,405 2,100 3,885 : United States ....: 384 306 448 13.0 13.3 16.4 4,981 4,062 7,325 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Oat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023-2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted 1/ : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Arkansas 2/ ........: 8 (NA) (NA) 5 (NA) (NA) California 2/ ......: 90 (NA) (NA) 5 (NA) (NA) Georgia ............: 55 65 85 15 21 20 Idaho ..............: 45 40 40 12 10 14 Illinois ...........: 55 50 50 17 17 14 Iowa ...............: 190 145 120 95 73 50 Kansas .............: 185 160 160 30 26 35 Maine ..............: 22 20 18 21 16 17 Michigan ...........: 50 50 45 25 33 21 Minnesota ..........: 165 205 245 87 140 165 : Missouri 2/ ........: 32 (NA) (NA) 9 (NA) (NA) Montana ............: 65 65 80 22 27 38 Nebraska ...........: 155 120 125 24 36 20 New York ...........: 61 60 43 44 40 30 North Carolina .....: 37 41 43 14 14 16 North Dakota .......: 280 285 335 105 137 175 Ohio ...............: 40 40 50 15 20 30 Oklahoma 2/ ........: 140 (NA) (NA) 13 (NA) (NA) Oregon .............: 20 20 13 12 11 5 Pennsylvania .......: 70 74 68 47 51 46 : South Dakota .......: 265 270 315 69 88 135 Texas ..............: 390 380 385 70 68 48 Wisconsin ..........: 135 145 150 75 66 65 : United States ......: 2,555 2,235 2,370 831 894 944 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Oat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023-2025 (continued) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield per acre : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------- bushels ---------- -------- 1,000 bushels ------- : Arkansas 2/ ........: 62.0 (NA) (NA) 310 (NA) (NA) California 2/ ......: 75.0 (NA) (NA) 375 (NA) (NA) Georgia ............: 61.0 62.0 59.0 915 1,302 1,180 Idaho ..............: 91.0 92.0 60.0 1,092 920 840 Illinois ...........: 90.0 93.0 99.0 1,530 1,581 1,386 Iowa ...............: 80.0 82.0 92.0 7,600 5,986 4,600 Kansas .............: 66.0 66.0 58.0 1,980 1,716 2,030 Maine ..............: 62.0 73.0 86.0 1,302 1,168 1,462 Michigan ...........: 66.0 66.0 72.0 1,650 2,178 1,512 Minnesota ..........: 77.0 88.0 87.0 6,699 12,320 14,355 : Missouri 2/ ........: 68.0 (NA) (NA) 612 (NA) (NA) Montana ............: 37.0 33.0 44.0 814 891 1,672 Nebraska ...........: 53.0 69.0 50.0 1,272 2,484 1,000 New York ...........: 60.0 65.0 54.0 2,640 2,600 1,620 North Carolina .....: 77.0 73.0 73.0 1,078 1,022 1,168 North Dakota .......: 76.0 98.0 77.0 7,980 13,426 13,475 Ohio ...............: 76.0 68.0 74.0 1,140 1,360 2,220 Oklahoma 2/ ........: 60.0 (NA) (NA) 780 (NA) (NA) Oregon .............: 79.0 98.0 80.0 948 1,078 400 Pennsylvania .......: 61.0 59.0 52.0 2,867 3,009 2,392 : South Dakota .......: 74.0 88.0 86.0 5,106 7,744 11,610 Texas ..............: 54.0 46.0 53.0 3,780 3,128 2,544 Wisconsin ..........: 61.0 67.0 64.0 4,575 4,422 4,160 : United States ......: 68.6 76.4 73.8 57,045 68,335 69,626 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Includes area planted in preceding fall. 2/ Estimates discontinued in 2024. Barley Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023-2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area planted 1/ : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres : Alaska ...........: 7 7 7 6 5 6 Arizona ..........: 17 13 10 15 12 9 California .......: 45 47 40 22 24 22 Colorado .........: 55 57 44 52 40 38 Delaware .........: 21 21 20 12 14 13 Idaho ............: 570 530 520 540 510 490 Kansas ...........: 16 9 9 5 3 4 Maine ............: 11 10 7 9 9 6 Maryland .........: 31 31 31 13 19 18 Michigan .........: 7 8 8 6 6 4 : Minnesota ........: 60 34 41 54 21 21 Montana ..........: 1,190 910 780 1,030 720 585 New York .........: 9 8 6 5 5 5 North Carolina ...: 16 16 15 10 10 10 North Dakota .....: 690 370 450 570 285 360 Oregon ...........: 43 31 28 24 20 22 Pennsylvania .....: 47 40 47 28 30 26 South Dakota .....: 38 34 41 9 5 10 Utah .............: 16 15 16 14 12 10 Virginia .........: 30 24 27 6 9 6 : Washington .......: 95 80 69 84 70 49 Wisconsin ........: 12 11 12 2 5 3 Wyoming ..........: 83 75 71 58 51 44 : United States ....: 3,109 2,381 2,299 2,574 1,885 1,761 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ --continued Barley Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023-2025 (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Yield per acre : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : ---------- bushels ---------- -------- 1,000 bushels -------- : Alaska ...........: 38.0 46.0 47.0 228 230 282 Arizona ..........: 132.0 102.0 107.0 1,980 1,224 963 California .......: 75.0 58.0 72.0 1,650 1,392 1,584 Colorado .........: 131.0 145.0 126.0 6,812 5,800 4,788 Delaware .........: 95.0 85.0 95.0 1,140 1,190 1,235 Idaho ............: 112.0 109.0 112.0 60,480 55,590 54,880 Kansas ...........: 29.0 75.0 51.0 145 225 204 Maine ............: 45.0 65.0 79.0 405 585 474 Maryland .........: 96.0 82.0 96.0 1,248 1,558 1,728 Michigan .........: 60.0 45.0 57.0 360 270 228 : Minnesota ........: 74.0 70.0 75.0 3,996 1,470 1,575 Montana ..........: 49.0 51.0 54.0 50,470 36,720 31,590 New York .........: 65.0 60.0 54.0 325 300 270 North Carolina ...: 76.0 75.0 71.0 760 750 710 North Dakota .....: 71.0 74.0 78.0 40,470 21,090 28,080 Oregon ...........: 33.0 47.0 43.0 792 940 946 Pennsylvania .....: 81.0 81.0 80.0 2,268 2,430 2,080 South Dakota .....: 52.0 57.0 50.0 468 285 500 Utah .............: 73.0 90.0 74.0 1,022 1,080 740 Virginia .........: 83.0 84.0 87.0 498 756 522 : Washington .......: 53.0 66.0 49.0 4,452 4,620 2,401 Wisconsin ........: 63.0 45.0 47.0 126 225 141 Wyoming ..........: 104.0 112.0 112.0 6,032 5,712 4,928 : United States ....: 72.3 76.6 80.0 186,127 144,442 140,849 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Includes area planted in preceding fall. All Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023-2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted 1/ : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Alabama ............: 205 110 110 145 60 60 Arizona ............: 38 59 50 37 58 49 Arkansas ...........: 230 130 110 165 85 70 California .........: 338 350 305 97 108 124 Colorado ...........: 2,300 2,100 2,100 1,730 1,840 1,870 Delaware ...........: 80 70 53 69 52 41 Georgia ............: 195 145 165 85 60 65 Idaho ..............: 1,170 1,210 1,215 1,035 1,135 1,140 Illinois ...........: 840 770 780 780 700 700 Indiana ............: 405 310 320 335 240 240 : Kansas .............: 8,100 7,600 7,300 5,750 7,150 6,800 Kentucky ...........: 610 560 490 460 390 330 Maryland ...........: 340 325 315 195 180 160 Michigan ...........: 600 400 530 560 375 490 Minnesota ..........: 1,300 1,220 1,150 1,260 1,180 1,100 Mississippi ........: 120 60 65 95 35 45 Missouri ...........: 780 680 640 600 485 460 Montana ............: 5,255 5,330 5,290 4,985 5,080 4,920 Nebraska ...........: 1,130 1,000 950 880 920 805 New Jersey 2/ ......: 34 (NA) (NA) 32 (NA) (NA) : New Mexico .........: 405 375 365 85 150 150 New York ...........: 150 135 150 120 120 110 North Carolina .....: 480 410 350 400 330 270 North Dakota .......: 6,610 6,575 6,430 6,500 6,475 6,325 Ohio ...............: 650 530 570 590 475 530 Oklahoma ...........: 4,550 4,400 4,150 2,450 2,900 2,800 Oregon .............: 740 750 750 720 730 740 Pennsylvania .......: 280 250 260 230 200 185 South Carolina .....: 110 80 80 95 65 60 South Dakota .......: 1,660 1,520 1,460 1,320 1,395 1,270 : Tennessee ..........: 470 385 345 390 325 265 Texas ..............: 6,400 5,500 5,500 2,100 2,600 2,300 Utah ...............: 105 115 115 87 99 98 Virginia ...........: 200 150 130 135 85 70 Washington .........: 2,300 2,295 2,325 2,240 2,240 2,260 Wisconsin ..........: 280 265 300 230 220 250 Wyoming ............: 115 110 110 90 91 89 : United States ......: 49,575 46,274 45,328 37,077 38,633 37,241 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued All Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023-2025 (continued) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield per acre : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------- bushels ---------- --------- 1,000 bushels --------- : Alabama ............: 75.0 71.0 71.0 10,875 4,260 4,260 Arizona ............: 103.0 109.0 117.0 3,811 6,322 5,733 Arkansas ...........: 57.0 56.0 57.0 9,405 4,760 3,990 California .........: 86.0 84.4 90.4 8,338 9,114 11,210 Colorado ...........: 41.0 35.0 38.0 70,930 64,400 71,060 Delaware ...........: 92.0 72.0 86.0 6,348 3,744 3,526 Georgia ............: 55.0 59.0 66.0 4,675 3,540 4,290 Idaho ..............: 86.1 89.0 93.5 89,110 101,015 106,560 Illinois ...........: 87.0 86.0 88.0 67,860 60,200 61,600 Indiana ............: 92.0 89.0 89.0 30,820 21,360 21,360 : Kansas .............: 35.0 43.0 51.0 201,250 307,450 346,800 Kentucky ...........: 88.0 75.0 81.0 40,480 29,250 26,730 Maryland ...........: 85.0 75.0 79.0 16,575 13,500 12,640 Michigan ...........: 83.0 87.0 90.0 46,480 32,625 44,100 Minnesota ..........: 62.0 68.5 69.0 78,120 80,830 75,900 Mississippi ........: 52.0 50.0 60.0 4,940 1,750 2,700 Missouri ...........: 70.0 75.0 80.0 42,000 36,375 36,800 Montana ............: 37.2 34.1 36.9 185,505 173,420 181,690 Nebraska ...........: 42.0 52.0 47.0 36,960 47,840 37,835 New Jersey 2/ ......: 82.0 (NA) (NA) 2,624 (NA) (NA) : New Mexico .........: 11.0 12.0 31.0 935 1,800 4,650 New York ...........: 81.0 75.0 71.0 9,720 9,000 7,810 North Carolina .....: 70.0 57.0 60.0 28,000 18,810 16,200 North Dakota .......: 47.1 56.9 52.8 306,390 368,285 334,055 Ohio ...............: 90.0 85.0 86.0 53,100 40,375 45,580 Oklahoma ...........: 28.0 38.0 38.0 68,600 110,200 106,400 Oregon .............: 56.0 70.0 71.0 40,320 51,100 52,540 Pennsylvania .......: 76.0 75.0 72.0 17,480 15,000 13,320 South Carolina .....: 58.0 54.0 60.0 5,510 3,510 3,600 South Dakota .......: 45.0 56.6 50.5 59,440 78,995 64,140 : Tennessee ..........: 80.0 75.0 74.0 31,200 24,375 19,610 Texas ..............: 37.0 31.0 37.0 77,700 80,600 85,100 Utah ...............: 53.0 49.0 51.0 4,611 4,851 4,998 Virginia ...........: 78.0 66.0 66.0 10,530 5,610 4,620 Washington .........: 50.5 64.1 62.6 113,120 143,570 141,460 Wisconsin ..........: 76.0 82.0 76.0 17,480 18,040 19,000 Wyoming ............: 30.0 31.0 30.0 2,700 2,821 2,670 : United States ......: 48.7 51.2 53.3 1,803,942 1,978,697 1,984,537 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Includes area planted in preceding fall. 2/ Estimates discontinued in 2024. Winter Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023-2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted 1/ : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Alabama ............: 205 110 110 145 60 60 Arkansas ...........: 230 130 110 165 85 70 California .........: 320 325 290 80 85 110 Colorado ...........: 2,300 2,100 2,100 1,730 1,840 1,870 Delaware ...........: 80 70 53 69 52 41 Georgia ............: 195 145 165 85 60 65 Idaho ..............: 750 760 780 630 700 720 Illinois ...........: 840 770 780 780 700 700 Indiana ............: 405 310 320 335 240 240 Kansas .............: 8,100 7,600 7,300 5,750 7,150 6,800 : Kentucky ...........: 610 560 490 460 390 330 Maryland ...........: 340 325 315 195 180 160 Michigan ...........: 600 400 530 560 375 490 Mississippi ........: 120 60 65 95 35 45 Missouri ...........: 780 680 640 600 485 460 Montana ............: 1,850 1,950 2,250 1,680 1,830 2,120 Nebraska ...........: 1,130 1,000 950 880 920 805 New Jersey 2/ ......: 34 (NA) (NA) 32 (NA) (NA) New Mexico .........: 405 375 365 85 150 150 New York ...........: 150 135 150 120 120 110 : North Carolina .....: 480 410 350 400 330 270 North Dakota .......: 155 125 100 145 120 85 Ohio ...............: 650 530 570 590 475 530 Oklahoma ...........: 4,550 4,400 4,150 2,450 2,900 2,800 Oregon .............: 740 750 750 720 730 740 Pennsylvania .......: 280 250 260 230 200 185 South Carolina .....: 110 80 80 95 65 60 South Dakota .......: 920 860 780 670 760 630 Tennessee ..........: 470 385 345 390 325 265 Texas ..............: 6,400 5,500 5,500 2,100 2,600 2,300 : Utah ...............: 105 115 115 87 99 98 Virginia ...........: 200 150 130 135 85 70 Washington .........: 1,800 1,800 1,850 1,750 1,750 1,790 Wisconsin ..........: 280 265 300 230 220 250 Wyoming ............: 115 110 110 90 91 89 : United States ......: 36,699 33,535 33,153 24,558 26,207 25,508 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Winter Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023-2025 (continued) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield per acre : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------- bushels ---------- --------- 1,000 bushels --------- : Alabama ............: 75.0 71.0 71.0 10,875 4,260 4,260 Arkansas ...........: 57.0 56.0 57.0 9,405 4,760 3,990 California .........: 80.0 78.0 86.0 6,400 6,630 9,460 Colorado ...........: 41.0 35.0 38.0 70,930 64,400 71,060 Delaware ...........: 92.0 72.0 86.0 6,348 3,744 3,526 Georgia ............: 55.0 59.0 66.0 4,675 3,540 4,290 Idaho ..............: 89.0 89.0 99.0 56,070 62,300 71,280 Illinois ...........: 87.0 86.0 88.0 67,860 60,200 61,600 Indiana ............: 92.0 89.0 89.0 30,820 21,360 21,360 Kansas .............: 35.0 43.0 51.0 201,250 307,450 346,800 : Kentucky ...........: 88.0 75.0 81.0 40,480 29,250 26,730 Maryland ...........: 85.0 75.0 79.0 16,575 13,500 12,640 Michigan ...........: 83.0 87.0 90.0 46,480 32,625 44,100 Mississippi ........: 52.0 50.0 60.0 4,940 1,750 2,700 Missouri ...........: 70.0 75.0 80.0 42,000 36,375 36,800 Montana ............: 51.0 50.0 47.0 85,680 91,500 99,640 Nebraska ...........: 42.0 52.0 47.0 36,960 47,840 37,835 New Jersey 2/ ......: 82.0 (NA) (NA) 2,624 (NA) (NA) New Mexico .........: 11.0 12.0 31.0 935 1,800 4,650 New York ...........: 81.0 75.0 71.0 9,720 9,000 7,810 : North Carolina .....: 70.0 57.0 60.0 28,000 18,810 16,200 North Dakota .......: 56.0 54.0 49.0 8,120 6,480 4,165 Ohio ...............: 90.0 85.0 86.0 53,100 40,375 45,580 Oklahoma ...........: 28.0 38.0 38.0 68,600 110,200 106,400 Oregon .............: 56.0 70.0 71.0 40,320 51,100 52,540 Pennsylvania .......: 76.0 75.0 72.0 17,480 15,000 13,320 South Carolina .....: 58.0 54.0 60.0 5,510 3,510 3,600 South Dakota .......: 47.0 63.0 50.0 31,490 47,880 31,500 Tennessee ..........: 80.0 75.0 74.0 31,200 24,375 19,610 Texas ..............: 37.0 31.0 37.0 77,700 80,600 85,100 : Utah ...............: 53.0 49.0 51.0 4,611 4,851 4,998 Virginia ...........: 78.0 66.0 66.0 10,530 5,610 4,620 Washington .........: 54.0 70.0 68.0 94,500 122,500 121,720 Wisconsin ..........: 76.0 82.0 76.0 17,480 18,040 19,000 Wyoming ............: 30.0 31.0 30.0 2,700 2,821 2,670 : United States ......: 50.6 51.7 54.9 1,242,368 1,354,436 1,401,554 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Includes area planted in preceding fall. 2/ Estimates discontinued in 2024. Other Spring Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023-2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Idaho ........: 410 450 435 395 435 420 Minnesota ....: 1,300 1,220 1,150 1,260 1,180 1,100 Montana ......: 2,700 2,500 2,150 2,630 2,390 1,950 North Dakota .: 5,550 5,350 5,100 5,490 5,260 5,030 South Dakota .: 740 660 680 650 635 640 Washington ...: 500 495 475 490 490 470 : United States : 11,200 10,675 9,990 10,915 10,390 9,610 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield per acre : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------- bushels --------- -------- 1,000 bushels -------- : Idaho ........: 82.0 89.0 84.0 32,390 38,715 35,280 Minnesota ....: 62.0 68.5 69.0 78,120 80,830 75,900 Montana ......: 30.0 26.0 29.0 78,900 62,140 56,550 North Dakota .: 48.5 59.0 55.0 266,265 310,340 276,650 South Dakota .: 43.0 49.0 51.0 27,950 31,115 32,640 Washington ...: 38.0 43.0 42.0 18,620 21,070 19,740 : United States : 46.0 52.4 51.7 502,245 544,210 496,760 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Durum Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023-2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Arizona ........: 38 59 50 37 58 49 California .....: 18 25 15 17 23 14 Idaho 1/ .......: 10 (NA) (NA) 10 (NA) (NA) Montana ........: 705 880 890 675 860 850 North Dakota ...: 905 1,100 1,230 865 1,095 1,210 : United States ..: 1,676 2,064 2,185 1,604 2,036 2,123 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield per acre : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------- bushels ---------- -------- 1,000 bushels ------- : Arizona ........: 103.0 109.0 117.0 3,811 6,322 5,733 California .....: 114.0 108.0 125.0 1,938 2,484 1,750 Idaho 1/ .......: 65.0 (NA) (NA) 650 (NA) (NA) Montana ........: 31.0 23.0 30.0 20,925 19,780 25,500 North Dakota ...: 37.0 47.0 44.0 32,005 51,465 53,240 : United States ..: 37.0 39.3 40.6 59,329 80,051 86,223 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Estimates discontinued in 2024. Wheat Production by Class - United States: 2023-2025 [Wheat class estimates are based on the latest available data including both surveys and administrative data] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : Crop : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 bushels : Winter : Hard red .......: 596,047 773,433 804,443 Soft red .......: 449,017 344,445 352,916 Hard white .....: 13,995 19,586 14,196 Soft white .....: 183,309 216,972 229,999 : Spring : Hard red .......: 465,413 504,757 458,347 Hard white .....: 8,745 9,502 9,568 Soft white .....: 28,087 29,951 28,845 Durum ..........: 59,329 80,051 86,223 : Total ....... : 1,803,942 1,978,697 1,984,537 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Rice Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production by Class - States and United States: 2023-2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested Class and State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres Long grain : Arkansas ...........: 1,220 1,330 1,180 1,215 1,325 1,165 California .........: 11 8 9 11 8 9 Louisiana ..........: 390 425 420 387 419 413 Mississippi ........: 121 153 160 120 152 157 Missouri ...........: 197 214 209 193 210 205 Texas ..............: 125 145 140 119 141 134 : United States ......: 2,064 2,275 2,118 2,045 2,255 2,083 : Medium grain : Arkansas ...........: 215 117 103 200 104 84 California .........: 470 440 480 467 437 477 Louisiana ..........: 78 48 62 75 37 52 Mississippi ........: - 2 4 - 2 - Missouri ...........: 8 5 4 7 4 3 Texas ..............: 24 3 5 23 3 5 : United States ......: 795 615 658 772 587 621 : Short grain 1/ : Arkansas ...........: 1 1 1 1 1 1 California .........: 35 28 35 35 28 35 : United States ......: 36 29 36 36 29 36 : All rice : Arkansas ...........: 1,436 1,448 1,284 1,416 1,430 1,250 California .........: 516 476 524 513 473 521 Louisiana ..........: 468 473 482 462 456 465 Mississippi ........: 121 155 164 120 154 157 Missouri ...........: 205 219 213 200 214 208 Texas ..............: 149 148 145 142 144 139 : United States ......: 2,895 2,919 2,812 2,853 2,871 2,740 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Rice Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production by Class - States and United States: 2023-2025 (continued) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield per acre : Production Class and State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----------- pounds ---------- ---------- 1,000 cwt ---------- Long grain : Arkansas ...........: 7,600 7,670 7,490 92,340 101,628 87,259 California .........: 6,000 5,000 6,600 660 400 594 Louisiana ..........: 6,860 6,730 6,690 26,548 28,199 27,630 Mississippi ........: 7,470 7,550 7,430 8,964 11,476 11,665 Missouri ...........: 8,010 8,440 7,630 15,459 17,724 15,642 Texas ..............: 8,300 8,890 7,840 9,877 12,535 10,506 : United States ......: 7,523 7,626 7,359 153,848 171,962 153,296 : Medium grain : Arkansas ...........: 7,250 7,290 7,310 14,500 7,582 6,140 California .........: 8,670 8,700 8,600 40,489 38,019 41,022 Louisiana ..........: 6,510 6,520 6,410 4,883 2,412 3,333 Mississippi ........: (X) 6,850 (X) - 137 - Missouri ...........: 7,510 7,910 7,500 526 316 225 Texas ..............: 4,400 4,710 4,650 1,012 141 233 : United States ......: 7,955 8,281 8,205 61,410 48,607 50,953 : Short grain 1/ : Arkansas ...........: 5,500 5,150 5,000 55 52 50 California .........: 7,650 7,030 6,880 2,678 1,968 2,408 : United States ......: 7,592 6,966 6,828 2,733 2,020 2,458 : All : Arkansas ...........: 7,550 7,640 7,480 106,895 109,262 93,449 California .........: 8,540 8,540 8,450 43,827 40,387 44,024 Louisiana ..........: 6,800 6,710 6,660 31,431 30,611 30,963 Mississippi ........: 7,470 7,540 7,430 8,964 11,613 11,665 Missouri ...........: 7,990 8,430 7,630 15,985 18,040 15,867 Texas ..............: 7,670 8,800 7,730 10,889 12,676 10,739 : United States ......: 7,641 7,753 7,544 217,991 222,589 206,707 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Sweet rice acreage, yield, and production included with short grain. Rye Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023-2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted 1/ : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Minnesota ..........: 75 80 80 22 20 24 North Dakota .......: 96 84 91 63 58 48 Oklahoma ...........: 260 250 260 45 70 56 Pennsylvania .......: 185 175 190 18 28 20 South Dakota .......: (D) 57 60 (D) 26 20 Wisconsin ..........: 240 260 220 15 30 14 : Other States 2/ ....: 1,437 1,300 1,328 159 170 159 : United States ......: 2,293 2,206 2,229 322 402 341 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield per acre : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : --------- bushels --------- ------- 1,000 bushels ------ : Minnesota ..........: 44.0 47.0 49.0 968 940 1,176 North Dakota .......: 41.0 48.0 45.0 2,583 2,784 2,160 Oklahoma ...........: 17.0 27.0 25.0 765 1,890 1,400 Pennsylvania .......: 34.0 39.0 35.0 612 1,092 700 South Dakota .......: (D) 56.0 55.0 (D) 1,456 1,100 Wisconsin ..........: 41.0 39.0 42.0 615 1,170 588 : Other States 2/ ....: 30.4 31.7 33.6 4,832 5,397 5,335 : United States ......: 32.2 36.6 36.5 10,375 14,729 12,459 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. 1/ Includes area planted in preceding fall. 2/ For 2023, Other States include Georgia, Illinois, Kansas, Michigan, Nebraska, New York, North Carolina, South Dakota, and Texas. For 2024 and 2025, Other States include Georgia, Illinois, Kansas, Michigan, Nebraska, New York, North Carolina, and Texas. Proso Millet Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023-2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Colorado .....: 390 345 310 375 305 280 Nebraska .....: 155 110 105 151 101 95 South Dakota .: 74 26 27 69 21 22 : United States : 619 481 442 595 427 397 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield per acre : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------- bushels --------- -------- 1,000 bushels ------- : Colorado .....: 31.5 32.5 35.0 11,813 9,913 9,800 Nebraska .....: 36.5 31.5 37.0 5,512 3,182 3,515 South Dakota .: 45.0 46.0 42.0 3,105 966 924 : United States : 34.3 32.9 35.9 20,430 14,061 14,239 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- All Hay Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023-2025 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : --------- 1,000 acres -------- ----------- tons ----------- : Alabama .........: 680 690 720 2.60 2.70 2.60 Alaska ..........: 20 23 23 1.40 1.40 1.35 Arizona .........: 345 310 330 7.55 6.91 7.01 Arkansas ........: 1,162 1,230 1,270 1.90 2.10 2.30 California ......: 830 940 820 5.15 4.94 5.40 Colorado ........: 1,220 1,295 1,150 2.56 2.65 2.79 Connecticut .....: 53 50 45 1.75 2.30 1.91 Delaware ........: 12 10 10 2.83 2.50 2.90 Florida .........: 320 300 300 3.10 2.50 2.30 Georgia .........: 510 480 470 3.10 3.00 2.90 : Idaho ...........: 1,300 1,250 1,150 4.04 3.65 3.64 Illinois ........: 410 445 450 2.85 3.31 3.24 Indiana .........: 530 480 550 2.40 3.25 2.84 Iowa ............: 1,010 1,000 1,010 2.92 3.49 3.65 Kansas ..........: 2,795 2,130 2,400 1.80 1.81 2.53 Kentucky ........: 2,070 2,100 2,295 2.14 2.38 2.33 Louisiana .......: 390 370 410 2.10 2.80 2.20 Maine ...........: 128 118 125 1.83 1.85 1.83 Maryland ........: 205 195 185 2.53 2.97 2.54 Massachusetts ...: 54 49 49 1.78 1.98 1.92 : Michigan ........: 780 760 760 2.26 2.24 2.82 Minnesota .......: 1,070 1,200 1,280 2.11 3.10 3.34 Mississippi .....: 580 600 560 1.90 2.30 2.40 Missouri ........: 3,855 2,855 2,985 1.25 2.18 2.03 Montana .........: 2,700 2,560 2,160 1.96 1.88 1.99 Nebraska ........: 2,285 2,370 2,300 2.33 2.59 2.42 Nevada ..........: 380 350 345 3.81 3.65 3.72 New Hampshire ...: 41 39 36 1.73 1.72 1.72 New Jersey ......: 97 95 101 1.90 1.95 2.10 New Mexico ......: 265 270 255 3.60 3.62 3.10 : New York ........: 1,120 1,140 1,120 1.52 2.00 1.89 North Carolina ..: 657 588 509 2.11 2.21 2.40 North Dakota ....: 2,790 1,930 2,390 1.59 1.77 1.88 Ohio ............: 810 790 820 3.03 2.42 2.95 Oklahoma ........: 4,075 3,360 3,335 1.79 1.75 1.98 Oregon ..........: 900 930 780 3.09 2.98 3.65 Pennsylvania ....: 1,200 1,160 1,090 2.69 2.68 2.33 Rhode Island ....: 6 6 6 2.17 1.50 1.67 South Carolina ..: 260 260 250 2.70 2.40 2.50 South Dakota ....: 2,955 2,880 2,640 2.07 2.03 2.16 : Tennessee .......: 1,716 1,645 1,715 2.21 2.21 2.11 Texas ...........: 4,685 4,910 5,100 1.87 2.44 1.88 Utah ............: 660 700 650 3.77 3.74 3.91 Vermont .........: 165 150 158 1.73 1.96 1.86 Virginia ........: 1,155 970 1,085 2.13 2.22 2.33 Washington ......: 790 620 650 3.99 4.01 3.76 West Virginia ...: 610 607 615 1.72 1.52 1.71 Wisconsin .......: 1,030 1,290 1,150 2.17 3.03 3.02 Wyoming .........: 1,090 890 950 2.33 2.19 2.03 : United States ...: 52,771 49,390 49,557 2.25 2.48 2.48 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --continued All Hay Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023-2025 (continued) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 tons : Alabama .........: 1,768 1,863 1,872 Alaska ..........: 28 32 31 Arizona .........: 2,604 2,143 2,312 Arkansas ........: 2,210 2,583 2,921 California ......: 4,275 4,640 4,424 Colorado ........: 3,122 3,428 3,204 Connecticut .....: 93 115 86 Delaware ........: 34 25 29 Florida .........: 992 750 690 Georgia .........: 1,581 1,440 1,363 : Idaho ...........: 5,250 4,567 4,183 Illinois ........: 1,167 1,475 1,457 Indiana .........: 1,273 1,560 1,563 Iowa ............: 2,946 3,492 3,691 Kansas ..........: 5,023 3,862 6,062 Kentucky ........: 4,428 5,000 5,345 Louisiana .......: 819 1,036 902 Maine ...........: 234 218 229 Maryland ........: 519 579 470 Massachusetts ...: 96 97 94 : Michigan ........: 1,766 1,703 2,146 Minnesota .......: 2,257 3,720 4,280 Mississippi .....: 1,102 1,380 1,344 Missouri ........: 4,831 6,212 6,070 Montana .........: 5,303 4,815 4,296 Nebraska ........: 5,330 6,135 5,569 Nevada ..........: 1,446 1,276 1,284 New Hampshire ...: 71 67 62 New Jersey ......: 184 185 212 New Mexico ......: 953 978 791 : New York ........: 1,702 2,280 2,121 North Carolina ..: 1,383 1,299 1,222 North Dakota ....: 4,428 3,417 4,486 Ohio ............: 2,457 1,911 2,420 Oklahoma ........: 7,313 5,895 6,609 Oregon ..........: 2,780 2,772 2,849 Pennsylvania ....: 3,228 3,107 2,542 Rhode Island ....: 13 9 10 South Carolina ..: 702 624 625 South Dakota ....: 6,123 5,840 5,704 : Tennessee .......: 3,790 3,637 3,615 Texas ...........: 8,748 11,960 9,590 Utah ............: 2,487 2,620 2,540 Vermont .........: 285 294 294 Virginia ........: 2,464 2,158 2,527 Washington ......: 3,149 2,488 2,444 West Virginia ...: 1,051 920 1,053 Wisconsin .......: 2,235 3,904 3,473 Wyoming .........: 2,545 1,951 1,925 : United States ...: 118,588 122,462 123,031 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Alfalfa and Alfalfa Mixtures for Hay Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023-2025 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : --------- 1,000 acres -------- ------------ tons ------------ : Arizona .......: 280 270 280 8.30 7.30 7.40 Arkansas 1/ ...: 2 (NA) (NA) 3.00 (NA) (NA) California ....: 480 480 460 6.50 6.60 6.80 Colorado ......: 650 675 620 3.40 3.70 3.80 Connecticut ...: 5 5 5 2.10 2.10 2.00 Delaware ......: 4 3 3 3.20 2.50 3.50 Idaho .........: 1,000 940 870 4.50 4.10 4.10 Illinois ......: 180 260 265 3.80 3.75 3.65 Indiana .......: 270 240 270 2.50 3.70 3.30 Iowa ..........: 750 720 720 3.20 3.80 4.20 : Kansas ........: 735 580 490 3.05 2.65 3.60 Kentucky ......: 90 100 95 3.00 3.00 3.00 Maine .........: 8 8 10 2.30 2.50 2.20 Maryland ......: 45 40 35 3.00 4.40 4.00 Massachusetts .: 4 3 4 1.50 1.50 2.10 Michigan ......: 550 550 550 2.50 2.60 3.10 Minnesota .....: 660 680 760 2.55 3.75 3.75 Missouri ......: 205 255 285 2.20 2.95 2.35 Montana .......: 1,650 1,500 1,400 2.10 2.15 2.20 Nebraska ......: 850 810 865 3.40 4.30 3.70 : Nevada ........: 240 220 215 4.80 4.50 4.70 New Hampshire .: 5 5 5 2.00 1.80 1.20 New Jersey ....: 12 12 11 2.60 3.00 2.90 New Mexico ....: 155 150 115 4.80 5.00 4.20 New York ......: 200 250 210 2.30 2.00 2.30 North Carolina : 7 8 9 2.60 2.90 2.45 North Dakota ..: 1,530 940 1,290 1.70 1.95 1.90 Ohio ..........: 290 290 320 3.90 3.40 3.50 Oklahoma ......: 175 260 235 3.90 3.00 2.40 Oregon ........: 320 330 350 4.70 4.40 4.70 : Pennsylvania ..: 270 270 230 3.00 3.10 3.20 Rhode Island ..: 1 1 1 2.00 1.50 2.20 South Dakota ..: 1,690 1,450 1,490 2.35 2.40 2.40 Tennessee .....: 16 15 15 3.10 3.40 3.00 Texas .........: 85 110 100 5.50 4.00 3.40 Utah ..........: 490 520 480 4.00 4.00 4.30 Vermont .......: 15 15 13 3.00 1.60 1.40 Virginia ......: 35 30 35 3.20 3.00 3.20 Washington ....: 410 340 340 4.90 4.60 5.00 West Virginia .: 10 7 15 3.10 2.80 2.20 Wisconsin .....: 640 830 710 2.70 3.65 3.90 Wyoming .......: 590 440 500 3.00 2.90 2.50 : United States .: 15,604 14,612 14,676 3.19 3.41 3.42 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Alfalfa and Alfalfa Mixtures for Hay Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023-2025 (continued) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 tons : Arizona .......: 2,324 1,971 2,072 Arkansas 1/ ...: 6 (NA) (NA) California ....: 3,120 3,168 3,128 Colorado ......: 2,210 2,498 2,356 Connecticut ...: 11 11 10 Delaware ......: 13 8 11 Idaho .........: 4,500 3,854 3,567 Illinois ......: 684 975 967 Indiana .......: 675 888 891 Iowa ..........: 2,400 2,736 3,024 : Kansas ........: 2,242 1,537 1,764 Kentucky ......: 270 300 285 Maine .........: 18 20 22 Maryland ......: 135 176 140 Massachusetts .: 6 5 8 Michigan ......: 1,375 1,430 1,705 Minnesota .....: 1,683 2,550 2,850 Missouri ......: 451 752 670 Montana .......: 3,465 3,225 3,080 Nebraska ......: 2,890 3,483 3,201 : Nevada ........: 1,152 990 1,011 New Hampshire .: 10 9 6 New Jersey ....: 31 36 32 New Mexico ....: 744 750 483 New York ......: 460 500 483 North Carolina : 18 23 22 North Dakota ..: 2,601 1,833 2,451 Ohio ..........: 1,131 986 1,120 Oklahoma ......: 683 780 564 Oregon ........: 1,504 1,452 1,645 : Pennsylvania ..: 810 837 736 Rhode Island ..: 2 2 2 South Dakota ..: 3,972 3,480 3,576 Tennessee .....: 50 51 45 Texas .........: 468 440 340 Utah ..........: 1,960 2,080 2,064 Vermont .......: 45 24 18 Virginia ......: 112 90 112 Washington ....: 2,009 1,564 1,700 West Virginia .: 31 20 33 Wisconsin .....: 1,728 3,030 2,769 Wyoming .......: 1,770 1,276 1,250 : United States .: 49,769 49,840 50,213 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Beginning in 2024, alfalfa and alfalfa mixtures are included in all other hay. All Other Hay Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023-2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area harvested : Yield per acre State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : --------- 1,000 acres -------- ----------- tons ----------- : Alabama 1/ .......: 680 690 720 2.60 2.70 2.60 Alaska 1/ ........: 20 23 23 1.40 1.40 1.35 Arizona ..........: 65 40 50 4.30 4.30 4.80 Arkansas 2/ ......: 1,160 1,230 1,270 1.90 2.10 2.30 California .......: 350 460 360 3.30 3.20 3.60 Colorado .........: 570 620 530 1.60 1.50 1.60 Connecticut ......: 48 45 40 1.70 2.30 1.90 Delaware .........: 8 7 7 2.60 2.40 2.60 Florida 1/ .......: 320 300 300 3.10 2.50 2.30 Georgia 1/ .......: 510 480 470 3.10 3.00 2.90 : Idaho ............: 300 310 280 2.50 2.30 2.20 Illinois .........: 230 185 185 2.10 2.70 2.65 Indiana ..........: 260 240 280 2.30 2.80 2.40 Iowa .............: 260 280 290 2.10 2.70 2.30 Kansas ...........: 2,060 1,550 1,910 1.35 1.50 2.25 Kentucky .........: 1,980 2,000 2,200 2.10 2.35 2.30 Louisiana 1/ .....: 390 370 410 2.10 2.80 2.20 Maine ............: 120 110 115 1.80 1.80 1.80 Maryland .........: 160 155 150 2.40 2.60 2.20 Massachusetts ....: 50 46 45 1.80 2.00 1.90 : Michigan .........: 230 210 210 1.70 1.30 2.10 Minnesota ........: 410 520 520 1.40 2.25 2.75 Mississippi 1/ ...: 580 600 560 1.90 2.30 2.40 Missouri .........: 3,650 2,600 2,700 1.20 2.10 2.00 Montana ..........: 1,050 1,060 760 1.75 1.50 1.60 Nebraska .........: 1,435 1,560 1,435 1.70 1.70 1.65 Nevada ...........: 140 130 130 2.10 2.20 2.10 New Hampshire ....: 36 34 31 1.70 1.70 1.80 New Jersey .......: 85 83 90 1.80 1.80 2.00 New Mexico .......: 110 120 140 1.90 1.90 2.20 : New York .........: 920 890 910 1.35 2.00 1.80 North Carolina ...: 650 580 500 2.10 2.20 2.40 North Dakota .....: 1,260 990 1,100 1.45 1.60 1.85 Ohio .............: 520 500 500 2.55 1.85 2.60 Oklahoma .........: 3,900 3,100 3,100 1.70 1.65 1.95 Oregon ...........: 580 600 430 2.20 2.20 2.80 Pennsylvania .....: 930 890 860 2.60 2.55 2.10 Rhode Island .....: 5 5 5 2.10 1.40 1.50 South Carolina 1/ : 260 260 250 2.70 2.40 2.50 South Dakota .....: 1,265 1,430 1,150 1.70 1.65 1.85 : Tennessee ........: 1,700 1,630 1,700 2.20 2.20 2.10 Texas ............: 4,600 4,800 5,000 1.80 2.40 1.85 Utah .............: 170 180 170 3.10 3.00 2.80 Vermont ..........: 150 135 145 1.60 2.00 1.90 Virginia .........: 1,120 940 1,050 2.10 2.20 2.30 Washington .......: 380 280 310 3.00 3.30 2.40 West Virginia ....: 600 600 600 1.70 1.50 1.70 Wisconsin ........: 390 460 440 1.30 1.90 1.60 Wyoming ..........: 500 450 450 1.55 1.50 1.50 : United States ....: 37,167 34,778 34,881 1.85 2.09 2.09 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued All Other Hay Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023-2025 (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 tons : Alabama 1/ .......: 1,768 1,863 1,872 Alaska 1/ ........: 28 32 31 Arizona ..........: 280 172 240 Arkansas 2/ ......: 2,204 2,583 2,921 California .......: 1,155 1,472 1,296 Colorado .........: 912 930 848 Connecticut ......: 82 104 76 Delaware .........: 21 17 18 Florida 1/ .......: 992 750 690 Georgia 1/ .......: 1,581 1,440 1,363 : Idaho ............: 750 713 616 Illinois .........: 483 500 490 Indiana ..........: 598 672 672 Iowa .............: 546 756 667 Kansas ...........: 2,781 2,325 4,298 Kentucky .........: 4,158 4,700 5,060 Louisiana 1/ .....: 819 1,036 902 Maine ............: 216 198 207 Maryland .........: 384 403 330 Massachusetts ....: 90 92 86 : Michigan .........: 391 273 441 Minnesota ........: 574 1,170 1,430 Mississippi 1/ ...: 1,102 1,380 1,344 Missouri .........: 4,380 5,460 5,400 Montana ..........: 1,838 1,590 1,216 Nebraska .........: 2,440 2,652 2,368 Nevada ...........: 294 286 273 New Hampshire ....: 61 58 56 New Jersey .......: 153 149 180 New Mexico .......: 209 228 308 : New York .........: 1,242 1,780 1,638 North Carolina ...: 1,365 1,276 1,200 North Dakota .....: 1,827 1,584 2,035 Ohio .............: 1,326 925 1,300 Oklahoma .........: 6,630 5,115 6,045 Oregon ...........: 1,276 1,320 1,204 Pennsylvania .....: 2,418 2,270 1,806 Rhode Island .....: 11 7 8 South Carolina 1/ : 702 624 625 South Dakota .....: 2,151 2,360 2,128 : Tennessee ........: 3,740 3,586 3,570 Texas ............: 8,280 11,520 9,250 Utah .............: 527 540 476 Vermont ..........: 240 270 276 Virginia .........: 2,352 2,068 2,415 Washington .......: 1,140 924 744 West Virginia ....: 1,020 900 1,020 Wisconsin ........: 507 874 704 Wyoming ..........: 775 675 675 : United States ....: 68,819 72,622 72,818 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Alfalfa and alfalfa mixtures included in all other hay. 2/ Beginning in 2024, alfalfa and alfalfa mixtures are included in all other hay. Forage Production Forage production is the sum of all dry hay production and haylage/greenchop production after converting the haylage/greenchop production to a dry equivalent basis (13 percent moisture) by multiplying the green weight (weight at harvest) by 0.4943. The conversion factor (0.4943) is based on the assumption that one ton of dry hay is 0.87 ton of dry matter, one ton of haylage is 0.45 ton dry matter and one ton of greenchop is 0.25 ton dry matter. The total haylage/greenchop production is assumed to be comprised of 90 percent haylage and 10 percent greenchop. Therefore, the conversion factor used to adjust haylage/greenchop production to a dry equivalent basis = ((0.45*0.9)+(0.25*0.1))/0.87 = 0.4943. The factors assumed here may vary by State and can be adjusted. Adjustments would result in a slightly different conversion factor. All Forage Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and 17 State Total: 2023-2025 [All forage production is the sum of the following dry equivalents: alfalfa hay harvested as dry hay, all other hay harvested as dry hay, alfalfa haylage and greenchop, all other haylage and greenchop; after converting alfalfa and all other haylage and greenchop to a dry equivalent basis] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre State :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------- 1,000 acres ------ --------- tons --------- : California .........: 990 1,120 900 5.62 5.37 5.99 Idaho ..............: 1,390 1,330 1,280 4.42 3.94 3.96 Illinois ...........: 420 455 465 3.04 3.60 3.48 Iowa ...............: 1,070 1,065 1,110 3.10 3.62 3.70 Kansas .............: 2,880 2,215 2,480 1.82 1.97 2.57 Michigan ...........: 960 930 940 2.73 2.73 3.25 Minnesota ..........: 1,205 1,445 1,425 2.22 3.31 3.45 Missouri ...........: 3,880 2,900 3,010 1.28 2.21 2.06 Nebraska ...........: 2,335 2,420 2,345 2.39 2.66 2.47 New York ...........: 1,450 1,555 1,411 2.59 2.57 2.65 : Ohio ...............: 850 850 910 3.30 2.69 3.21 Pennsylvania .......: 1,330 1,335 1,200 3.12 3.06 2.80 South Dakota .......: 3,020 2,910 2,665 2.11 2.06 2.19 Texas ..............: 4,740 5,160 5,250 2.02 2.61 2.03 Vermont ............: 305 260 245 3.29 3.61 3.69 Washington .........: 845 650 700 4.08 4.27 3.98 Wisconsin ..........: 1,800 2,000 2,050 2.82 3.43 3.42 : 17 State total .....: 29,470 28,600 28,386 2.50 2.86 2.81 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 tons : California .........: 5,560 6,019 5,394 Idaho ..............: 6,137 5,239 5,063 Illinois ...........: 1,275 1,637 1,616 Iowa ...............: 3,312 3,853 4,102 Kansas .............: 5,252 4,366 6,379 Michigan ...........: 2,621 2,536 3,055 Minnesota ..........: 2,673 4,790 4,920 Missouri ...........: 4,976 6,416 6,204 Nebraska ...........: 5,591 6,436 5,791 New York ...........: 3,756 3,994 3,736 : Ohio ...............: 2,801 2,289 2,917 Pennsylvania .......: 4,156 4,086 3,364 South Dakota .......: 6,375 5,985 5,836 Texas ..............: 9,563 13,459 10,636 Vermont ............: 1,004 939 905 Washington .........: 3,446 2,775 2,787 Wisconsin ..........: 5,074 6,858 7,020 : 17 State total .....: 73,572 81,677 79,725 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- All Alfalfa Forage Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and 17 State Total: 2023-2025 [All alfalfa forage production is the sum of alfalfa harvested as dry hay and alfalfa haylage and greenchop production after converting it to a dry equivalent basis] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre State :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------- 1,000 acres ------ --------- tons --------- : California .........: 510 500 470 6.54 6.64 7.05 Idaho ..............: 1,060 1,000 960 4.96 4.43 4.36 Illinois ...........: 190 265 280 4.08 4.17 3.92 Iowa ...............: 780 750 790 3.37 3.93 4.17 Kansas .............: 740 585 510 3.05 2.75 3.62 Michigan ...........: 710 690 700 3.01 3.17 3.63 Minnesota ..........: 780 875 875 2.64 3.93 3.86 Missouri ...........: 210 260 290 2.24 2.99 2.41 Nebraska ...........: 875 825 880 3.41 4.32 3.77 New York ...........: 490 530 400 4.10 3.18 3.92 : Ohio ...............: 330 330 380 4.27 3.80 3.88 Pennsylvania .......: 330 355 260 3.68 3.64 4.46 South Dakota .......: 1,750 1,480 1,510 2.39 2.43 2.42 Texas ..............: 90 110 100 5.60 4.15 3.48 Vermont ............: 35 30 25 5.63 5.23 5.12 Washington .........: 430 350 350 4.96 4.79 5.10 Wisconsin ..........: 1,310 1,470 1,510 3.21 3.89 3.97 : 17 State total .....: 10,620 10,405 10,290 3.56 3.77 3.87 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 tons : California .........: 3,337 3,319 3,313 Idaho ..............: 5,254 4,427 4,190 Illinois ...........: 775 1,104 1,098 Iowa ...............: 2,630 2,949 3,293 Kansas .............: 2,258 1,611 1,844 Michigan ...........: 2,137 2,188 2,541 Minnesota ..........: 2,063 3,442 3,379 Missouri ...........: 471 778 700 Nebraska ...........: 2,985 3,562 3,321 New York ...........: 2,008 1,683 1,568 : Ohio ...............: 1,408 1,253 1,476 Pennsylvania .......: 1,215 1,293 1,160 South Dakota .......: 4,180 3,599 3,649 Texas ..............: 504 456 348 Vermont ............: 197 157 128 Washington .........: 2,133 1,678 1,784 Wisconsin ..........: 4,207 5,718 5,988 : 17 State total .....: 37,762 39,217 39,780 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- All Other Forage Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and 17 State Total: 2023-2025 [All other forage production is the sum of other harvested as dry hay and other haylage and greenchop production after converting it to a dry equivalent basis] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre State :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------- 1,000 acres ------ --------- tons --------- : California .........: 480 620 430 4.63 4.35 4.84 Idaho ..............: 330 330 320 2.68 2.46 2.73 Illinois ...........: 230 190 185 2.17 2.81 2.80 Iowa ...............: 290 315 320 2.35 2.87 2.53 Kansas .............: 2,140 1,630 1,970 1.40 1.69 2.30 Michigan ...........: 250 240 240 1.94 1.45 2.14 Minnesota ..........: 425 570 550 1.44 2.36 2.80 Missouri ...........: 3,670 2,640 2,720 1.23 2.14 2.02 Nebraska ...........: 1,460 1,595 1,465 1.78 1.80 1.69 New York ...........: 960 1,025 1,011 1.82 2.25 2.14 : Ohio ...............: 520 520 530 2.68 1.99 2.72 Pennsylvania .......: 1,000 980 940 2.94 2.85 2.34 South Dakota .......: 1,270 1,430 1,155 1.73 1.67 1.89 Texas ..............: 4,650 5,050 5,150 1.95 2.57 2.00 Vermont ............: 270 230 220 2.99 3.40 3.53 Washington .........: 415 300 350 3.16 3.66 2.87 Wisconsin ..........: 490 530 540 1.77 2.15 1.91 : 17 State total .....: 18,850 18,195 18,096 1.90 2.33 2.21 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 tons : California .........: 2,223 2,700 2,081 Idaho ..............: 883 812 873 Illinois ...........: 500 533 518 Iowa ...............: 682 904 809 Kansas .............: 2,994 2,755 4,535 Michigan ...........: 484 348 514 Minnesota ..........: 610 1,348 1,541 Missouri ...........: 4,505 5,638 5,504 Nebraska ...........: 2,606 2,874 2,470 New York ...........: 1,748 2,311 2,168 : Ohio ...............: 1,393 1,036 1,441 Pennsylvania .......: 2,941 2,793 2,204 South Dakota .......: 2,195 2,386 2,187 Texas ..............: 9,059 13,003 10,288 Vermont ............: 807 782 777 Washington .........: 1,313 1,097 1,003 Wisconsin ..........: 867 1,140 1,032 : 17 State total .....: 35,810 42,460 39,945 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- All Haylage and Greenchop Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and 17 State Total: 2023-2025 [Includes all types of forage harvested as haylage or greenchop (green weight). Forage harvested as dry hay and corn and sorghum silage/greenchop are not included] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre State :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ 1,000 acres ------ ---------- tons --------- : California .........: 210 230 175 12.37 12.13 11.22 Idaho ..............: 155 120 170 11.58 11.33 10.47 Illinois ...........: 37 41 40 5.92 7.98 8.05 Iowa ...............: 90 90 115 8.23 8.11 7.23 Kansas .............: 115 125 105 4.03 8.16 6.10 Michigan ...........: 260 250 230 6.65 6.74 8.00 Minnesota ..........: 167 280 195 5.04 7.73 6.64 Missouri ...........: 80 105 70 3.66 3.93 3.87 Nebraska ...........: 80 65 80 6.60 9.38 5.61 New York ...........: 500 530 480 8.31 6.55 6.81 : Ohio ...............: 110 110 140 6.32 6.95 7.18 Pennsylvania .......: 250 275 240 7.51 7.21 6.93 South Dakota .......: 95 68 60 5.37 4.31 4.47 Texas ..............: 184 304 212 8.95 9.97 9.98 Vermont ............: 175 171 155 8.32 7.64 7.98 Washington .........: 76 73 75 7.92 7.95 9.24 Wisconsin ..........: 890 855 1,010 6.45 6.99 7.10 : 17 State total .....: 3,474 3,692 3,552 7.45 7.72 7.55 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : Production :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 tons : California .........: 2,598 2,789 1,963 Idaho ..............: 1,795 1,359 1,780 Illinois ...........: 219 327 322 Iowa ...............: 741 730 831 Kansas .............: 463 1,020 641 Michigan ...........: 1,730 1,685 1,839 Minnesota ..........: 842 2,164 1,294 Missouri ...........: 293 413 271 Nebraska ...........: 528 610 449 New York ...........: 4,155 3,469 3,268 : Ohio ...............: 695 765 1,005 Pennsylvania .......: 1,878 1,982 1,664 South Dakota .......: 510 293 268 Texas ..............: 1,647 3,032 2,116 Vermont ............: 1,456 1,306 1,237 Washington .........: 602 580 693 Wisconsin ..........: 5,744 5,978 7,175 : 17 State total .....: 25,896 28,502 26,816 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Alfalfa Haylage and Greenchop Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and 17 State Total: 2023-2025 [Includes only alfalfa and alfalfa mixtures that were harvested as haylage or greenchop (green weight). Alfalfa harvested as dry hay is not included] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre State :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ 1,000 acres ------ ---------- tons --------- : California .........: 60 50 50 7.30 6.10 7.50 Idaho ..............: 125 95 120 12.20 12.20 10.50 Illinois ...........: 27 30 30 6.80 8.70 8.85 Iowa ...............: 50 50 80 9.30 8.60 6.80 Kansas .............: 15 25 30 2.20 6.00 5.35 Michigan ...........: 230 210 190 6.70 7.30 8.90 Minnesota ..........: 145 220 155 5.30 8.20 6.90 Missouri ...........: 10 15 10 4.10 3.50 6.05 Nebraska ...........: 40 20 35 4.80 8.00 6.90 New York ...........: 335 315 285 9.35 7.60 7.70 : Ohio ...............: 80 60 90 7.00 9.00 8.00 Pennsylvania .......: 105 130 110 7.80 7.10 7.80 South Dakota .......: 80 60 40 5.25 4.00 3.70 Texas ..............: 9 4 2 8.00 8.00 8.00 Vermont ............: 35 31 25 8.80 8.70 8.90 Washington .........: 31 23 20 8.10 10.00 8.50 Wisconsin ..........: 760 745 880 6.60 7.30 7.40 : 17 State total .....: 2,137 2,083 2,152 7.38 7.64 7.67 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 tons : California .........: 438 305 375 Idaho ..............: 1,525 1,159 1,260 Illinois ...........: 184 261 266 Iowa ...............: 465 430 544 Kansas .............: 33 150 161 Michigan ...........: 1,541 1,533 1,691 Minnesota ..........: 769 1,804 1,070 Missouri ...........: 41 53 61 Nebraska ...........: 192 160 242 New York ...........: 3,132 2,394 2,195 : Ohio ...............: 560 540 720 Pennsylvania .......: 819 923 858 South Dakota .......: 420 240 148 Texas ..............: 72 32 16 Vermont ............: 308 270 223 Washington .........: 251 230 170 Wisconsin ..........: 5,016 5,439 6,512 : 17 State total .....: 15,766 15,923 16,512 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- All Other Haylage and Greenchop Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and 17 State Total: 2023-2025 [Includes all types of mixtures excluding alfalfa that were harvested as haylage or greenchop (green weight). All other area harvested as dry hay is not included] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre State :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ 1,000 acres ------ ---------- tons --------- : California .........: 150 180 125 14.40 13.80 12.70 Idaho ..............: 30 25 50 9.00 8.00 10.40 Illinois ...........: 10 11 10 3.50 6.00 5.60 Iowa ...............: 40 40 35 6.90 7.50 8.20 Kansas .............: 100 100 75 4.30 8.70 6.40 Michigan ...........: 30 40 40 6.30 3.80 3.70 Minnesota ..........: 22 60 40 3.30 6.00 5.60 Missouri ...........: 70 90 60 3.60 4.00 3.50 Nebraska ...........: 40 45 45 8.40 10.00 4.60 New York ...........: 165 215 195 6.20 5.00 5.50 : Ohio ...............: 30 50 50 4.50 4.50 5.70 Pennsylvania .......: 145 145 130 7.30 7.30 6.20 South Dakota .......: 15 8 20 6.00 6.60 6.00 Texas ..............: 175 300 210 9.00 10.00 10.00 Vermont ............: 140 140 130 8.20 7.40 7.80 Washington .........: 45 50 55 7.80 7.00 9.50 Wisconsin ..........: 130 110 130 5.60 4.90 5.10 : 17 State total .....: 1,337 1,609 1,400 7.58 7.82 7.36 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 tons : California .........: 2,160 2,484 1,588 Idaho ..............: 270 200 520 Illinois ...........: 35 66 56 Iowa ...............: 276 300 287 Kansas .............: 430 870 480 Michigan ...........: 189 152 148 Minnesota ..........: 73 360 224 Missouri ...........: 252 360 210 Nebraska ...........: 336 450 207 New York ...........: 1,023 1,075 1,073 : Ohio ...............: 135 225 285 Pennsylvania .......: 1,059 1,059 806 South Dakota .......: 90 53 120 Texas ..............: 1,575 3,000 2,100 Vermont ............: 1,148 1,036 1,014 Washington .........: 351 350 523 Wisconsin ..........: 728 539 663 : 17 State total .....: 10,130 12,579 10,304 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- New Seedings of Alfalfa and Alfalfa Mixtures - States and United States: 2023-2025 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area seeded State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Arizona .......: 60 40 45 Arkansas 1/ ...: 1 (NA) (NA) California ....: 70 85 60 Colorado ......: 80 100 50 Connecticut ...: 1 1 1 Delaware ......: 2 1 1 Idaho .........: 100 115 110 Illinois ......: 25 35 25 Indiana .......: 30 30 35 Iowa ..........: 70 80 70 : Kansas ........: 90 50 30 Kentucky ......: 8 9 10 Maine .........: 1 2 1 Maryland ......: 1 8 7 Massachusetts .: 1 1 1 Michigan ......: 50 60 80 Minnesota .....: 75 130 130 Missouri ......: 30 30 35 Montana .......: 95 125 130 Nebraska ......: 115 90 80 : Nevada ........: 15 24 30 New Hampshire .: 1 1 1 New Jersey ....: 2 2 2 New Mexico ....: 20 10 10 New York ......: 70 100 60 North Carolina : 2 1 1 North Dakota ..: 60 50 50 Ohio ..........: 30 40 60 Oklahoma ......: 70 30 30 Oregon ........: 20 20 20 : Pennsylvania ..: 50 50 55 South Dakota ..: 95 110 95 Tennessee .....: 2 1 1 Texas .........: 21 10 20 Utah ..........: 60 60 60 Vermont .......: 3 2 2 Virginia ......: 6 6 5 Washington ....: 50 65 40 West Virginia .: 1 1 2 Wisconsin .....: 210 240 210 Wyoming .......: 50 35 25 : United States .: 1,743 1,850 1,680 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Estimates discontinued in 2024. Peanut Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023-2025 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Alabama .......: 175.0 190.0 195.0 171.0 188.0 192.0 Arkansas ......: 35.0 45.0 48.0 34.0 44.0 47.0 Florida .......: 160.0 165.0 175.0 152.0 157.0 167.0 Georgia .......: 775.0 850.0 920.0 769.0 844.0 915.0 Mississippi ...: 18.0 26.0 21.0 16.0 25.0 20.0 Missouri 1/ ...: (NA) 24.0 27.0 (NA) 24.0 26.0 New Mexico 2/ .: 11.0 (NA) (NA) 9.0 (NA) (NA) North Carolina : 124.0 130.0 140.0 123.0 129.0 139.0 Oklahoma ......: 16.0 19.0 19.0 15.0 18.0 18.0 South Carolina : 77.0 82.0 90.0 74.0 79.0 87.0 Texas .........: 225.0 240.0 285.0 165.0 205.0 262.0 Virginia ......: 29.0 30.0 33.0 29.0 30.0 33.0 : United States .: 1,645.0 1,801.0 1,953.0 1,557.0 1,743.0 1,906.0 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield per acre : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----------- pounds ---------- ---------- 1,000 pounds --------- : Alabama .......: 2,760 3,060 3,400 471,960 575,280 652,800 Arkansas ......: 5,800 5,550 5,000 197,200 244,200 235,000 Florida .......: 3,440 3,500 3,900 522,880 549,500 651,300 Georgia .......: 4,080 3,850 4,050 3,137,520 3,249,400 3,705,750 Mississippi ...: 3,600 3,900 4,000 57,600 97,500 80,000 Missouri 1/ ...: (NA) 5,440 5,200 (NA) 130,560 135,200 New Mexico 2/ .: 2,000 (NA) (NA) 18,000 (NA) (NA) North Carolina : 4,200 4,400 3,900 516,600 567,600 542,100 Oklahoma ......: 3,880 4,110 4,300 58,200 73,980 77,400 South Carolina : 4,050 3,800 3,600 299,700 300,200 313,200 Texas .........: 2,780 2,680 2,450 458,700 549,400 641,900 Virginia ......: 4,800 5,040 4,400 139,200 151,200 145,200 : United States .: 3,775 3,723 3,767 5,877,560 6,488,820 7,179,850 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Estimates began in 2024. 2/ Estimates discontinued in 2024. Canola Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023-2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Idaho 1/ .......: (NA) 97.0 82.0 (NA) 95.0 80.0 Kansas .........: 1.5 8.5 10.5 0.7 8.0 8.0 Minnesota ......: 80.0 110.0 115.0 79.0 108.0 113.0 Montana ........: 165.0 215.0 155.0 160.0 202.0 147.0 North Dakota ...: 1,930.0 2,140.0 1,810.0 1,915.0 2,125.0 1,800.0 Oklahoma .......: 3.0 21.0 16.0 1.5 19.0 11.0 Washington .....: 165.0 160.0 150.0 163.0 157.0 147.0 : United States ..: 2,344.5 2,751.5 2,338.5 2,319.2 2,714.0 2,306.0 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield per acre : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----------- pounds ---------- ---------- 1,000 pounds --------- : Idaho 1/ .......: (NA) 1,600 1,800 (NA) 152,000 144,000 Kansas .........: 600 1,200 1,760 420 9,600 14,080 Minnesota ......: 2,470 2,050 2,310 195,130 221,400 261,030 Montana ........: 1,420 1,030 1,220 227,200 208,060 179,340 North Dakota ...: 1,810 1,860 2,120 3,466,150 3,952,500 3,816,000 Oklahoma .......: 800 1,800 1,050 1,200 34,200 11,550 Washington .....: 1,640 1,820 1,530 267,320 285,740 224,910 : United States ..: 1,793 1,792 2,017 4,157,420 4,863,500 4,650,910 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Estimates began in 2024. Sunflower Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production by Type - States and United States: 2023-2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Varietal type : Area planted : Area harvested and State :------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Oil : California .......: 28.0 15.5 14.0 27.5 15.4 14.0 Colorado .........: 26.0 23.0 36.0 23.0 18.0 35.0 Kansas ...........: 28.0 9.5 25.0 26.0 8.8 24.0 Minnesota ........: 49.0 31.0 81.0 48.0 30.0 80.0 Nebraska .........: 31.0 26.0 36.0 30.0 24.0 35.0 North Dakota .....: 500.0 230.0 510.0 490.0 223.0 495.0 South Dakota .....: 455.0 245.0 430.0 440.0 236.0 420.0 Texas ............: 44.0 14.5 57.0 38.0 11.5 51.0 : United States ....: 1,161.0 594.5 1,189.0 1,122.5 566.7 1,154.0 : Non-oil : California .......: 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.3 Colorado .........: 8.0 3.0 3.5 5.0 2.5 3.0 Kansas ...........: 6.0 1.0 0.5 5.0 1.0 0.5 Minnesota ........: 9.5 6.7 3.3 9.0 6.3 3.1 Nebraska .........: 8.5 2.3 2.3 7.5 2.3 2.1 North Dakota .....: 75.0 75.0 65.0 71.0 71.0 61.0 South Dakota .....: 40.0 34.0 19.0 38.0 31.0 18.5 Texas ............: 6.5 3.5 5.3 5.0 2.0 3.7 : United States ....: 154.0 126.0 99.2 141.0 116.6 92.2 : All : California .......: 28.5 16.0 14.3 28.0 15.9 14.3 Colorado .........: 34.0 26.0 39.5 28.0 20.5 38.0 Kansas ...........: 34.0 10.5 25.5 31.0 9.8 24.5 Minnesota ........: 58.5 37.7 84.3 57.0 36.3 83.1 Nebraska .........: 39.5 28.3 38.3 37.5 26.3 37.1 North Dakota .....: 575.0 305.0 575.0 561.0 294.0 556.0 South Dakota .....: 495.0 279.0 449.0 478.0 267.0 438.5 Texas ............: 50.5 18.0 62.3 43.0 13.5 54.7 : United States ....: 1,315.0 720.5 1,288.2 1,263.5 683.3 1,246.2 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --continued Sunflower Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production by Type - States and United States: 2023-2025 (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Varietal type : Yield per acre : Production and State :------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : ---------- pounds --------- --------- 1,000 pounds -------- : Oil : California .....: 1,050 1,500 1,400 28,875 23,100 19,600 Colorado .......: 940 820 1,100 21,620 14,760 38,500 Kansas .........: 930 1,000 1,560 24,180 8,800 37,440 Minnesota ......: 2,300 1,900 2,200 110,400 57,000 176,000 Nebraska .......: 1,180 1,100 1,120 35,400 26,400 39,200 North Dakota ...: 1,970 1,800 1,940 965,300 401,400 960,300 South Dakota ...: 1,650 1,700 1,960 726,000 401,200 823,200 Texas ..........: 1,350 900 750 51,300 10,350 38,250 : United States ..: 1,749 1,664 1,848 1,963,075 943,010 2,132,490 : Non-oil : California .....: 1,100 1,200 1,150 550 600 345 Colorado .......: 1,100 1,200 1,100 5,500 3,000 3,300 Kansas .........: 850 1,050 1,250 4,250 1,050 625 Minnesota ......: 2,400 1,700 1,750 21,600 10,710 5,425 Nebraska .......: 1,170 750 770 8,775 1,725 1,617 North Dakota ...: 2,190 1,600 2,100 155,490 113,600 128,100 South Dakota ...: 2,400 2,100 2,300 91,200 65,100 42,550 Texas ..........: 1,450 1,200 2,000 7,250 2,400 7,400 : United States ..: 2,089 1,700 2,054 294,615 198,185 189,362 : All : California .....: 1,051 1,491 1,395 29,425 23,700 19,945 Colorado .......: 969 866 1,100 27,120 17,760 41,800 Kansas .........: 917 1,005 1,554 28,430 9,850 38,065 Minnesota ......: 2,316 1,865 2,183 132,000 67,710 181,425 Nebraska .......: 1,178 1,069 1,100 44,175 28,125 40,817 North Dakota ...: 1,998 1,752 1,958 1,120,790 515,000 1,088,400 South Dakota ...: 1,710 1,746 1,974 817,200 466,300 865,750 Texas ..........: 1,362 944 835 58,550 12,750 45,650 : United States ..: 1,787 1,670 1,863 2,257,690 1,141,195 2,321,852 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Soybeans for Beans Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023-2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Alabama ............: 350 360 295 340 350 290 Arkansas ...........: 2,980 3,050 2,590 2,950 3,020 2,570 Delaware ...........: 150 155 140 148 153 138 Georgia ............: 160 170 155 155 158 150 Illinois ...........: 10,350 10,800 10,300 10,300 10,750 10,230 Indiana ............: 5,500 5,800 5,450 5,480 5,780 5,430 Iowa ...............: 9,950 10,050 9,450 9,880 9,960 9,380 Kansas .............: 4,430 4,550 4,100 3,980 4,430 4,050 Kentucky ...........: 1,830 2,050 1,800 1,820 2,030 1,790 Louisiana ..........: 1,030 1,100 790 980 1,060 770 : Maryland ...........: 470 495 465 460 485 460 Michigan ...........: 2,040 2,230 2,080 2,020 2,210 2,070 Minnesota ..........: 7,350 7,400 7,150 7,280 7,320 7,070 Mississippi ........: 2,180 2,300 1,810 2,130 2,270 1,790 Missouri ...........: 5,600 5,950 5,600 5,520 5,890 5,530 Nebraska ...........: 5,250 5,300 4,850 5,180 5,240 4,790 New Jersey .........: 100 105 100 98 103 99 New York ...........: 350 370 310 340 365 295 North Carolina .....: 1,640 1,630 1,630 1,620 1,600 1,610 North Dakota .......: 6,200 6,600 6,550 6,160 6,550 6,490 : Ohio ...............: 4,750 5,100 4,900 4,730 5,080 4,880 Oklahoma ...........: 460 510 365 400 405 350 Pennsylvania .......: 570 630 580 560 620 570 South Carolina .....: 395 395 365 385 380 355 South Dakota .......: 5,100 5,450 5,100 5,070 5,380 5,060 Tennessee ..........: 1,600 1,820 1,550 1,570 1,800 1,520 Texas ..............: 125 100 110 85 74 90 Virginia ...........: 580 610 600 570 595 590 Wisconsin ..........: 2,110 2,180 2,030 2,060 2,150 2,020 : United States ......: 83,600 87,260 81,215 82,271 86,208 80,437 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --continued Soybeans for Beans Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023-2025 (continued) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield per acre : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------- bushels --------- --------- 1,000 bushels --------- : Alabama ............: 43.0 31.0 37.0 14,620 10,850 10,730 Arkansas ...........: 54.0 55.0 55.0 159,300 166,100 141,350 Delaware ...........: 46.0 45.0 49.0 6,808 6,885 6,762 Georgia ............: 43.0 47.0 49.0 6,665 7,426 7,350 Illinois ...........: 63.0 64.0 62.5 648,900 688,000 639,375 Indiana ............: 61.0 59.0 59.5 334,280 341,020 323,085 Iowa ...............: 58.0 60.0 63.5 573,040 597,600 595,630 Kansas .............: 26.0 35.0 48.5 103,480 155,050 196,425 Kentucky ...........: 55.0 48.0 42.0 100,100 97,440 75,180 Louisiana ..........: 40.0 52.0 53.5 39,200 55,120 41,195 : Maryland ...........: 47.0 44.0 44.0 21,620 21,340 20,240 Michigan ...........: 46.0 49.0 48.5 92,920 108,290 100,395 Minnesota ..........: 48.0 45.0 52.5 349,440 329,400 371,175 Mississippi ........: 56.0 56.0 56.0 119,280 127,120 100,240 Missouri ...........: 48.0 49.0 50.0 264,960 288,610 276,500 Nebraska ...........: 51.5 57.5 65.5 266,770 301,300 313,745 New Jersey .........: 43.0 43.0 39.0 4,214 4,429 3,861 New York ...........: 51.0 51.0 40.0 17,340 18,615 11,800 North Carolina .....: 38.5 39.0 36.0 62,370 62,400 57,960 North Dakota .......: 35.5 37.5 34.5 218,680 245,625 223,905 : Ohio ...............: 58.0 50.0 53.0 274,340 254,000 258,640 Oklahoma ...........: 26.0 20.0 29.0 10,400 8,100 10,150 Pennsylvania .......: 47.0 45.0 44.0 26,320 27,900 25,080 South Carolina .....: 39.0 34.0 31.0 15,015 12,920 11,005 South Dakota .......: 44.0 43.0 47.0 223,080 231,340 237,820 Tennessee ..........: 51.0 42.0 42.0 80,070 75,600 63,840 Texas ..............: 25.0 32.0 32.0 2,125 2,368 2,880 Virginia ...........: 38.0 44.0 38.0 21,660 26,180 22,420 Wisconsin ..........: 51.0 48.0 56.0 105,060 103,200 113,120 : United States ......: 50.6 50.7 53.0 4,162,057 4,374,228 4,261,858 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Percent of Soybean Acreage Planted Following Another Harvested Crop - Selected States and United States: 2021-2025 [Data as obtained from survey results. These data do not represent official estimates of the Agricultural Statistics Board but provide raw data as obtained from survey respondents. The purpose of these data is to portray trends in soybean production practices] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : 2021 : 2022 : 2023 1/ : 2024 1/ : 2025 1/ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : percent Alabama ..........: 37 21 33 21 30 Arkansas .........: 4 4 5 3 7 Delaware .........: 24 27 45 29 38 Georgia ..........: 49 16 23 23 24 Illinois .........: 4 5 7 9 11 Indiana ..........: 5 2 4 3 8 Kansas ...........: 7 8 20 23 15 Kentucky .........: 17 18 29 18 22 Louisiana ........: (Z) 6 8 9 2 Maryland .........: 26 12 26 27 24 : Mississippi ......: 2 2 7 2 9 Missouri .........: 6 6 11 16 12 New Jersey .......: 4 3 30 29 21 North Carolina ...: 43 23 35 24 24 Ohio .............: 1 2 3 2 4 Oklahoma .........: 52 37 54 49 62 Pennsylvania .....: 27 26 23 27 23 South Carolina ...: 18 15 19 23 14 Tennessee ........: 27 21 23 16 14 : Texas ............: (Z) (Z) 20 19 47 Virginia .........: 25 17 28 20 22 : United States ....: 5 4 7 6 9 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (Z) Less than half of the unit shown. 1/ Data for 2023, 2024, and 2025 is updated from original data published in "Acreage" report. Prior to 2023, data in this table are original data published in "Acreage" report. Soybean Objective Yield Data The National Agricultural Statistics Service conducted an objective yield survey in 11 soybean producing States during 2025. Randomly selected plots in soybean fields were visited monthly from September through harvest to obtain specific counts and measurements. Data in these tables are actual field counts from this survey. Soybean Pods with Beans per 18 Square Feet - Selected States: 2021-2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : : :: State : : : : : and month : 2021 : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 :: and month : 2021 : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : number :: : number : :: : Arkansas : :: Missouri : September .....: 1,449 1,721 2,043 1,666 1,927 :: September .....: 1,925 1,736 2,099 2,034 2,194 October .......: 1,501 1,746 1,844 1,667 1,999 :: October .......: 1,886 1,606 1,991 2,044 2,191 November ......: 1,583 1,711 1,856 1,650 1,875 :: November ......: 2,047 1,880 2,062 2,022 2,247 Final .........: 1,623 1,711 1,824 1,693 1,857 :: Final .........: 2,121 1,875 2,058 2,023 2,270 : :: : Illinois : :: Nebraska : September .....: 2,080 1,896 1,952 1,938 2,178 :: September .....: 1,887 1,592 1,644 1,977 2,053 October .......: 2,120 1,888 2,085 2,167 2,225 :: October .......: 2,069 1,597 1,678 1,873 2,143 November ......: 2,222 2,010 2,121 2,167 2,208 :: November ......: 2,148 1,586 1,709 1,886 2,158 Final .........: 2,227 2,011 2,121 2,167 2,264 :: Final .........: 2,148 1,586 1,709 1,894 2,171 : :: : Indiana : :: North Dakota : September .....: 1,846 1,655 1,927 1,978 2,094 :: September .....: 1,055 1,281 1,250 1,352 1,283 October .......: 1,811 1,749 1,998 2,005 2,171 :: October .......: 1,014 1,298 1,203 1,435 1,436 November ......: 1,822 1,763 1,962 1,914 2,124 :: November ......: 1,009 1,357 1,408 1,485 1,444 Final .........: 1,836 1,773 1,962 1,913 2,159 :: Final .........: 1,009 1,357 1,404 1,490 1,520 : :: : Iowa : :: Ohio : September .....: 1,732 1,585 1,814 1,859 2,079 :: September .....: 2,060 1,798 1,847 1,797 2,230 October .......: 1,800 1,653 1,997 1,992 2,126 :: October .......: 1,989 1,890 2,003 1,957 2,308 November ......: 1,894 1,785 2,071 2,039 2,114 :: November ......: 2,074 1,788 2,030 1,929 2,180 Final .........: 1,890 1,780 2,070 2,038 2,089 :: Final .........: 2,116 1,780 2,030 1,908 2,179 : :: : Kansas : :: South Dakota : September .....: 1,404 1,456 1,500 1,365 1,595 :: September .....: 1,626 1,258 1,520 1,345 1,577 October .......: 1,480 1,400 1,372 1,366 1,851 :: October .......: 1,526 1,291 1,552 1,438 1,692 November ......: 1,551 1,392 1,500 1,256 1,856 :: November ......: 1,512 1,305 1,644 1,457 1,717 Final .........: 1,514 1,391 1,529 1,362 1,875 :: Final .........: 1,522 1,305 1,644 1,465 1,702 : :: : Minnesota : :: 11-State : September .....: 1,603 1,468 1,648 1,619 1,732 :: September .....: 1,717 1,604 1,755 1,746 1,923 October .......: 1,545 1,581 1,695 1,591 1,895 :: October .......: 1,725 1,628 1,799 1,820 2,018 November ......: 1,557 1,610 1,687 1,561 1,822 :: November ......: 1,788 1,690 1,856 1,812 1,995 Final .........: 1,557 1,610 1,667 1,543 1,812 :: Final .........: 1,798 1,689 1,854 1,819 2,011 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- This page intentionally left blank. Soybean Frequency of Farmer Reported Row Widths - Selected States: 2021-2025 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Row width (inches) State and year :---------------------------------------------------------------- : Less than : : : : More than : 7.5 1/ : 7.5 : 15 : 30 : 30 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : number : Arkansas ...............2021: 2 13 16 29 42 2022: 6 18 15 31 44 2023: 2 10 10 51 44 2024: 3 9 21 23 63 2025: 7 8 6 50 59 : Illinois ...............2021: 2 7 80 38 - 2022: 3 3 93 44 1 2023: 3 7 84 39 - 2024: - 7 83 32 - 2025: - 5 80 39 - : Indiana ................2021: 1 14 60 8 - 2022: - 11 56 6 - 2023: - 11 68 11 - 2024: - 12 69 5 - 2025: - 4 66 9 - : Iowa ...................2021: 2 3 61 69 1 2022: - 4 74 71 1 2023: - 3 65 74 - 2024: 1 2 64 67 - 2025: 1 5 54 67 - : Kansas .................2021: 1 12 15 16 1 2022: 1 5 24 19 - 2023: 1 6 18 21 - 2024: - 3 16 27 - 2025: 1 15 20 26 - : Minnesota ..............2021: 1 2 22 38 - 2022: 1 3 30 42 - 2023: - 3 18 40 - 2024: 1 - 28 38 - 2025: 1 6 33 32 1 : Missouri ...............2021: 1 6 48 21 5 2022: - 7 60 16 6 2023: 4 8 64 8 6 2024: - 11 56 30 2 2025: 3 6 67 15 9 : Nebraska ...............2021: 1 9 31 50 4 2022: 2 5 25 52 7 2023: - 9 33 48 2 2024: 1 4 24 53 - 2025: - 3 36 32 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Soybean Frequency of Farmer Reported Row Widths - Selected States: 2021-2025 (continued) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Row width (inches) State and year :---------------------------------------------------------------- : Less than : : : : More than : 7.5 1/ : 7.5 : 15 : 30 : 30 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : number : North Dakota ...........2021: - 16 55 13 - 2022: 6 24 47 15 - 2023: 1 26 41 14 - 2024: - 18 54 8 - 2025: 1 20 60 9 - : Ohio ...................2021: 2 21 64 3 1 2022: 7 25 71 5 1 2023: 2 13 82 8 - 2024: 1 9 78 2 - 2025: - 21 59 7 - : South Dakota ...........2021: - 3 26 38 - 2022: - 4 22 47 1 2023: 1 5 27 37 1 2024: - 8 17 45 2 2025: - 2 31 35 2 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. 1/ Includes broadcast soybeans. Soybean Percentage Distribution by Measured Row Width and Average Row Width - Selected States: 2021-2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Row width (inches) : State and year :Samples :----------------------------------------------------- : :10.0 or : 10.1- : 18.6- : 28.6- :34.6 or : row : :less 1/ : 18.5 : 28.5 : 34.5 :greater :width 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : number ---------------- percent --------------- inches : Arkansas ...............2021: 105 11.9 15.2 6.2 30.5 36.2 27.9 2022: 113 13.3 14.6 2.7 25.7 43.7 28.3 2023: 118 10.6 5.5 4.2 39.9 39.8 30.4 2024: 119 6.7 13.0 4.2 22.7 53.4 30.7 2025: 130 6.5 9.6 1.2 28.5 54.2 31.6 : Illinois ...............2021: 128 5.5 56.9 5.5 31.3 0.8 19.9 2022: 144 1.0 55.8 13.9 27.9 1.4 20.3 2023: 131 3.8 52.4 13.7 29.0 1.1 20.6 2024: 120 4.6 57.5 12.1 25.8 - 19.3 2025: 120 4.6 52.0 12.1 31.3 - 20.3 : Indiana ................2021: 84 12.5 64.3 12.5 10.7 - 16.4 2022: 71 9.2 71.6 12.1 7.1 - 16.0 2023: 88 6.3 73.1 10.9 9.7 - 16.9 2024: 85 5.9 77.5 7.1 9.5 - 16.5 2025: 73 3.4 76.0 10.3 10.3 - 17.2 : Iowa ...................2021: 136 1.5 37.5 11.0 49.3 0.7 23.6 2022: 153 2.9 39.9 8.2 49.0 - 23.0 2023: 143 2.1 39.5 10.8 47.6 - 22.9 2024: 134 1.5 42.2 9.3 44.8 2.2 23.3 2025: 127 3.6 30.4 15.4 50.6 - 23.5 : Kansas .................2021: 49 12.2 46.0 7.1 34.7 - 19.8 2022: 48 9.4 44.7 4.2 41.7 - 20.9 2023: 42 - 44.2 14.0 39.5 2.3 22.1 2024: 44 2.3 31.8 6.8 59.1 - 24.1 2025: 56 11.6 37.5 9.8 41.1 - 21.0 : Minnesota ..............2021: 61 4.1 14.8 23.8 57.3 - 25.2 2022: 77 2.6 20.1 21.4 55.9 - 24.8 2023: 60 4.2 17.5 20.0 57.5 0.8 25.2 2024: 66 1.5 16.0 24.4 58.1 - 25.6 2025: 72 6.9 16.7 30.6 44.4 1.4 23.9 : Missouri ...............2021: 80 10.0 58.7 6.3 22.5 2.5 19.1 2022: 90 6.7 59.9 8.9 17.8 6.7 19.5 2023: 95 8.4 60.5 7.4 18.4 5.3 19.0 2024: 95 8.4 62.6 5.8 20.0 3.2 18.7 2025: 90 2.2 63.3 11.7 15.0 7.8 19.9 : Nebraska ...............2021: 96 7.3 30.7 8.3 48.5 5.2 23.2 2022: 87 6.9 21.8 4.6 59.8 6.9 25.9 2023: 90 5.0 26.8 14.5 48.7 5.0 24.2 2024: 77 3.9 28.6 7.1 60.4 - 24.3 2025: 73 2.7 38.4 6.2 47.9 4.8 23.9 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Soybean Percentage Distribution by Measured Row Width and Average Row Width - Selected States: 2021-2025 (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Row width (inches) : State and year :Samples :----------------------------------------------------- : :10.0 or : 10.1- : 18.6- : 28.6- :34.6 or : row : :less 1/ : 18.5 : 28.5 : 34.5 :greater :width 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : number --------------- percent --------------- inches : North Dakota ...........2021: 85 18.2 44.1 27.1 10.6 - 17.2 2022: 95 23.2 47.3 12.6 15.3 1.6 16.9 2023: 81 21.1 42.3 21.1 15.5 - 17.3 2024: 79 10.8 51.9 25.9 11.4 - 17.7 2025: 89 14.0 45.6 27.5 12.9 - 17.6 : Ohio ...................2021: 92 25.0 67.3 3.3 3.3 1.1 14.1 2022: 107 19.6 72.5 2.8 4.2 0.9 14.7 2023: 105 11.9 75.7 6.7 5.7 - 15.7 2024: 88 7.9 85.3 3.4 3.4 - 15.2 2025: 81 19.8 66.0 5.6 8.6 - 15.2 : South Dakota ...........2021: 64 3.1 14.8 33.6 46.2 2.3 24.4 2022: 74 2.0 14.9 22.3 59.4 1.4 25.7 2023: 71 2.8 16.2 23.2 55.7 2.1 25.3 2024: 71 3.5 21.1 16.2 57.8 1.4 24.9 2025: 60 - 21.0 23.5 53.8 1.7 25.2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. 1/ Broadcast soybeans included as "10.0 inches or less" but excluded in computation of average width. Flaxseed Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023-2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Montana ........: 68 56 78 57 49 69 North Dakota ...: 110 92 170 103 90 165 : United States ..: 178 148 248 160 139 234 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield per acre : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : --------- bushels -------- ------ 1,000 bushels ------ : Montana ........: 14.0 7.0 18.0 798 343 1,242 North Dakota ...: 21.0 23.0 24.0 2,163 2,070 3,960 : United States ..: 18.5 17.4 22.2 2,961 2,413 5,202 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Safflower Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023-2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : California .....: 22.0 39.0 33.5 21.5 38.5 33.0 Colorado 1/ ....: (NA) 12.0 7.5 (NA) 11.0 6.0 Idaho ..........: 26.0 18.5 20.0 25.5 17.0 18.0 Montana ........: 47.0 26.0 28.5 46.0 23.0 27.0 South Dakota ...: 17.0 8.1 17.5 16.5 7.5 16.0 Utah ...........: 17.5 15.0 9.5 16.5 13.0 8.5 : United States ..: 129.5 118.6 116.5 126.0 110.0 108.5 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield per acre : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : --------- pounds --------- -------- 1,000 pounds ------- : California .....: 2,100 2,000 2,200 45,150 77,000 72,600 Colorado 1/ ....: (NA) 900 750 (NA) 9,900 4,500 Idaho ..........: 840 760 920 21,420 12,920 16,560 Montana ........: 760 770 900 34,960 17,710 24,300 South Dakota ...: 1,100 850 1,150 18,150 6,375 18,400 Utah ...........: 660 660 800 10,890 8,580 6,800 : United States ..: 1,036 1,204 1,319 130,570 132,485 143,160 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Estimates began in 2024. Other Oilseed Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production by Crop - United States: 2023-2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested Crop :----------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Rapeseed 1/ ....: 13.2 17.5 18.6 10.1 15.7 16.6 Mustard seed 2/ : 245.0 185.3 126.2 236.8 177.2 111.8 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield per acre : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------- pounds --------- -------- 1,000 pounds ------- : Rapeseed 1/ ....: 2,003 2,019 2,126 20,230 31,705 35,290 Mustard seed 2/ : 625 578 636 147,966 102,420 71,120 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ For 2023, rapeseed program States include Delaware, Idaho, Kentucky, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia. For 2024 and 2025, rapeseed program States include Idaho, Indiana, Kentucky, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia, and Washington. 2/ For 2023, mustard seed program States include Idaho, Montana, and North Dakota. For 2024 and 2025, mustard seed program States include Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, Oregon, and Washington. Cotton Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production by Type - States and United States: 2023-2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested Type and State :-------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Upland : Alabama .........: 380.0 400.0 290.0 374.0 396.0 285.0 Arizona .........: 76.0 96.0 87.0 75.0 95.0 86.0 Arkansas ........: 510.0 650.0 520.0 505.0 640.0 515.0 California ......: 13.0 21.0 18.0 12.8 20.7 17.7 Florida .........: 89.0 85.0 61.0 87.0 82.0 59.0 Georgia .........: 1,110.0 1,100.0 835.0 1,100.0 1,080.0 825.0 Kansas ..........: 112.0 131.0 102.0 93.0 124.0 81.0 Louisiana .......: 120.0 155.0 90.0 115.0 148.0 82.0 Mississippi .....: 400.0 520.0 330.0 395.0 515.0 322.0 Missouri ........: 335.0 400.0 355.0 330.0 380.0 340.0 : New Mexico ......: 32.0 42.0 30.0 17.0 28.0 20.0 North Carolina ..: 380.0 410.0 285.0 370.0 400.0 275.0 Oklahoma ........: 420.0 435.0 390.0 180.0 185.0 330.0 South Carolina ..: 210.0 225.0 170.0 207.0 221.0 167.0 Tennessee .......: 265.0 265.0 205.0 260.0 250.0 190.0 Texas ...........: 5,550.0 5,950.0 5,300.0 2,100.0 2,950.0 4,000.0 Virginia ........: 81.0 91.0 73.0 80.0 90.0 72.0 : United States ...: 10,083.0 10,976.0 9,141.0 6,300.8 7,604.7 7,666.7 : American Pima : Arizona .........: 16.0 14.0 15.5 15.9 14.0 15.5 California ......: 85.0 145.0 92.0 82.0 142.0 91.0 New Mexico ......: 17.0 15.0 13.0 16.8 14.5 12.7 Texas ...........: 29.0 33.0 21.0 23.0 30.0 19.0 : United States ...: 147.0 207.0 141.5 137.7 200.5 138.2 : All : Alabama .........: 380.0 400.0 290.0 374.0 396.0 285.0 Arizona .........: 92.0 110.0 102.5 90.9 109.0 101.5 Arkansas ........: 510.0 650.0 520.0 505.0 640.0 515.0 California ......: 98.0 166.0 110.0 94.8 162.7 108.7 Florida .........: 89.0 85.0 61.0 87.0 82.0 59.0 Georgia .........: 1,110.0 1,100.0 835.0 1,100.0 1,080.0 825.0 Kansas ..........: 112.0 131.0 102.0 93.0 124.0 81.0 Louisiana .......: 120.0 155.0 90.0 115.0 148.0 82.0 Mississippi .....: 400.0 520.0 330.0 395.0 515.0 322.0 Missouri ........: 335.0 400.0 355.0 330.0 380.0 340.0 : New Mexico ......: 49.0 57.0 43.0 33.8 42.5 32.7 North Carolina ..: 380.0 410.0 285.0 370.0 400.0 275.0 Oklahoma ........: 420.0 435.0 390.0 180.0 185.0 330.0 South Carolina ..: 210.0 225.0 170.0 207.0 221.0 167.0 Tennessee .......: 265.0 265.0 205.0 260.0 250.0 190.0 Texas ...........: 5,579.0 5,983.0 5,321.0 2,123.0 2,980.0 4,019.0 Virginia ........: 81.0 91.0 73.0 80.0 90.0 72.0 : United States ...: 10,230.0 11,183.0 9,282.5 6,438.5 7,805.2 7,804.9 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Cotton Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production by Type - States and United States: 2023-2025 (continued) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield per acre : Production 1/ Type and State :-------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : --------- pounds -------- --------- 1,000 bales 2/ --------- : Upland : Alabama .........: 937 816 1,011 730.0 673.0 600.0 Arizona .........: 1,331 1,299 1,395 208.0 257.0 250.0 Arkansas ........: 1,295 1,341 1,398 1,362.0 1,788.0 1,500.0 California ......: 2,025 1,739 1,898 54.0 75.0 70.0 Florida .........: 612 697 936 111.0 119.0 115.0 Georgia .........: 949 858 1,047 2,175.0 1,930.0 1,800.0 Kansas ..........: 769 778 948 149.0 201.0 160.0 Louisiana .......: 872 1,070 1,405 209.0 330.0 240.0 Mississippi .....: 1,083 1,157 1,193 891.0 1,241.0 800.0 Missouri ........: 1,361 1,320 1,214 936.0 1,045.0 860.0 : New Mexico ......: 649 703 600 23.0 41.0 25.0 North Carolina ..: 933 942 1,169 719.0 785.0 670.0 Oklahoma ........: 560 701 815 210.0 270.0 560.0 South Carolina ..: 937 860 977 404.0 396.0 340.0 Tennessee .......: 1,250 1,052 935 677.0 548.0 370.0 Texas ...........: 618 656 600 2,705.0 4,030.0 5,000.0 Virginia ........: 1,122 1,136 1,133 187.0 213.0 170.0 : United States ...: 895 880 847 11,750.0 13,942.0 13,530.0 : American Pima : Arizona .........: 906 1,029 929 30.0 30.0 30.0 California ......: 1,346 1,237 1,582 230.0 366.0 300.0 New Mexico ......: 800 794 794 28.0 24.0 21.0 Texas ...........: 584 816 935 28.0 51.0 37.0 : United States ...: 1,102 1,128 1,348 316.0 471.0 388.0 : All : Alabama .........: 937 816 1,011 730.0 673.0 600.0 Arizona .........: 1,257 1,264 1,324 238.0 287.0 280.0 Arkansas ........: 1,295 1,341 1,398 1,362.0 1,788.0 1,500.0 California ......: 1,438 1,301 1,634 284.0 441.0 370.0 Florida .........: 612 697 936 111.0 119.0 115.0 Georgia .........: 949 858 1,047 2,175.0 1,930.0 1,800.0 Kansas ..........: 769 778 948 149.0 201.0 160.0 Louisiana .......: 872 1,070 1,405 209.0 330.0 240.0 Mississippi .....: 1,083 1,157 1,193 891.0 1,241.0 800.0 Missouri ........: 1,361 1,320 1,214 936.0 1,045.0 860.0 : New Mexico ......: 724 734 675 51.0 65.0 46.0 North Carolina ..: 933 942 1,169 719.0 785.0 670.0 Oklahoma ........: 560 701 815 210.0 270.0 560.0 South Carolina ..: 937 860 977 404.0 396.0 340.0 Tennessee .......: 1,250 1,052 935 677.0 548.0 370.0 Texas ...........: 618 657 602 2,733.0 4,081.0 5,037.0 Virginia ........: 1,122 1,136 1,133 187.0 213.0 170.0 : United States ...: 900 886 856 12,066.0 14,413.0 13,918.0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Production ginned and to be ginned. 2/ 480-pound net weight bale. Cottonseed Production - States and United States: 2023-2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Production State :-------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 tons : Alabama .......: 206.0 189.0 170.0 Arizona .......: 85.0 111.0 106.0 Arkansas ......: 411.0 513.0 452.0 California ....: 100.0 157.0 130.0 Florida .......: 32.0 33.0 33.0 Georgia .......: 624.0 542.0 513.0 Kansas ........: 46.0 61.0 49.0 Louisiana .....: 67.0 104.0 75.0 Mississippi ...: 277.0 376.0 248.0 Missouri ......: 322.0 305.0 284.0 : New Mexico ....: 17.0 20.0 14.0 North Carolina : 206.0 238.0 197.0 Oklahoma ......: 61.0 76.0 166.0 South Carolina : 114.0 109.0 96.0 Tennessee .....: 207.0 147.0 107.0 Texas .........: 815.0 1,230.0 1,518.0 Virginia ......: 54.0 51.0 46.0 : United States .: 3,644.0 4,262.0 4,204.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Estimates based on 3-year average lint-seed ratio. Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023-2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------------ acres ------------ ----------- pounds ---------- : Georgia 1/ ........: 6,300 (NA) (NA) 2,150 (NA) (NA) Kentucky ..........: 36,600 32,300 29,400 2,324 2,302 2,245 North Carolina ....: 113,120 113,000 121,000 2,299 1,800 2,050 Pennsylvania 1/ ...: 2,840 (NA) (NA) 2,493 (NA) (NA) South Carolina 1/ .: 5,900 (NA) (NA) 1,900 (NA) (NA) Tennessee .........: 8,950 8,150 7,500 2,493 2,340 2,095 Virginia ..........: 12,830 12,400 13,400 2,295 2,050 2,150 : United States .....: 186,540 165,850 171,300 2,298 1,943 2,093 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 pounds : Georgia 1/ ........: 13,545 (NA) (NA) Kentucky ..........: 85,070 74,340 65,995 North Carolina ....: 260,098 203,400 248,050 Pennsylvania 1/ ...: 7,080 (NA) (NA) South Carolina 1/ .: 11,210 (NA) (NA) Tennessee .........: 22,315 19,075 15,715 Virginia ..........: 29,443 25,420 28,810 : United States .....: 428,761 322,235 358,570 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Estimates discontinued in 2024. Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Class and Type - States and United States: 2023-2025 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested Class, type, and State :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : acres : Class 1, Flue-cured (11-14) : Georgia 1/ ..............................: 6,300 (NA) (NA) North Carolina ..........................: 113,000 113,000 121,000 South Carolina 1/ .......................: 5,900 (NA) (NA) Virginia ................................: 12,600 12,400 13,400 : United States ...........................: 137,800 125,400 134,400 : Class 2, Fire-cured (21-23) : Kentucky ................................: 6,200 4,700 3,100 Tennessee ...............................: 4,900 3,700 2,900 Virginia 1/ .............................: 90 (NA) (NA) : United States ...........................: 11,190 8,400 6,000 : Class 3A, Light air-cured : Type 31, Burley : Kentucky ..............................: 27,000 24,500 23,900 North Carolina 1/ .....................: 120 (NA) (NA) Pennsylvania 1/ .......................: 1,100 (NA) (NA) Tennessee .............................: 2,900 3,500 3,800 Virginia 1/ ...........................: 140 (NA) (NA) : United States .........................: 31,260 28,000 27,700 : Type 32, Southern Maryland 1/ : Pennsylvania ..........................: 40 (NA) (NA) : United States .........................: 40 (NA) (NA) : Total light air-cured (31-32) ........ : 31,300 28,000 27,700 : Class 3B, Dark air-cured (35-37) : Kentucky ................................: 3,400 3,100 2,400 Tennessee ...............................: 1,150 950 800 : United States ...........................: 4,550 4,050 3,200 : Class 4, Cigar filler 1/ : Type 41, Pennsylvania Seedleaf : Pennsylvania ..........................: 1,700 (NA) (NA) : United States .........................: 1,700 (NA) (NA) : All Tobacco : United States ...........................: 186,540 165,850 171,300 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Class and Type - States and United States: 2023-2025 (continued) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield per acre : Production Class, type, and State :----------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -------- pounds ------- ---------- 1,000 pounds --------- : Class 1, Flue-cured (11-14) : Georgia 1/ .............................: 2,150 (NA) (NA) 13,545 (NA) (NA) North Carolina .........................: 2,300 1,800 2,050 259,900 203,400 248,050 South Carolina 1/ ......................: 1,900 (NA) (NA) 11,210 (NA) (NA) Virginia ...............................: 2,300 2,050 2,150 28,980 25,420 28,810 : United States ..........................: 2,276 1,825 2,060 313,635 228,820 276,860 : Class 2, Fire-cured (21-23) : Kentucky ...............................: 3,150 3,350 3,200 19,530 15,745 9,920 Tennessee ..............................: 3,050 3,000 2,750 14,945 11,100 7,975 Virginia 1/ ............................: 1,950 (NA) (NA) 176 (NA) (NA) : United States ..........................: 3,097 3,196 2,983 34,651 26,845 17,895 : Class 3A, Light air-cured : Type 31, Burley : Kentucky .............................: 2,100 2,050 2,050 56,700 50,225 48,995 North Carolina 1/ ....................: 1,650 (NA) (NA) 198 (NA) (NA) Pennsylvania 1/ ......................: 2,500 (NA) (NA) 2,750 (NA) (NA) Tennessee ............................: 1,550 1,600 1,500 4,495 5,600 5,700 Virginia 1/ ..........................: 2,050 (NA) (NA) 287 (NA) (NA) : United States ........................: 2,061 1,994 1,975 64,430 55,825 54,695 : Type 32, Southern Maryland Belt 1/ : Pennsylvania .........................: 2,000 (NA) (NA) 80 (NA) (NA) : United States ........................: 2,000 (NA) (NA) 80 (NA) (NA) : Total light air-cured (31-32) ....... : 2,061 1,994 1,975 64,510 55,825 54,695 : Class 3B, Dark air-cured (35-37) : Kentucky ...............................: 2,600 2,700 2,950 8,840 8,370 7,080 Tennessee ..............................: 2,500 2,500 2,550 2,875 2,375 2,040 : United States ..........................: 2,575 2,653 2,850 11,715 10,745 9,120 : Class 4, Cigar filler 1/ : Type 41, Pennsylvania Seedleaf : Pennsylvania .........................: 2,500 (NA) (NA) 4,250 (NA) (NA) : United States ........................: 2,500 (NA) (NA) 4,250 (NA) (NA) : All tobacco : United States ..........................: 2,298 1,943 2,093 428,761 322,235 358,570 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Estimates discontinued in 2024. Sugarbeet Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023-2025 [Relates to year of intended harvest in all States except California] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : California 1/ : 23.1 28.3 - 22.7 28.2 - Colorado .....: 23.3 24.8 23.8 21.3 23.5 22.6 Idaho ........: 174.7 173.2 166.3 174.6 173.1 166.3 Michigan .....: 133.1 135.1 133.9 132.0 134.2 133.3 Minnesota ....: 429.5 411.1 426.0 425.5 400.7 417.0 Montana ......: 23.8 24.6 24.6 23.3 24.3 24.5 Nebraska .....: 46.8 47.4 48.1 46.6 46.7 45.8 North Dakota .: 228.8 215.8 213.0 227.0 211.9 207.5 Oregon .......: 10.8 10.5 10.0 10.4 10.5 10.0 Washington ...: 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.0 1.9 2.0 Wyoming ......: 29.1 32.1 31.3 28.8 31.2 30.8 : United States : 1,125.0 1,104.8 1,079.0 1,114.2 1,086.2 1,059.8 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield per acre : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----------- tons ----------- --------- 1,000 tons --------- : California 1/ : 49.6 47.8 (X) 1,126 1,348 - Colorado .....: 28.3 32.1 32.4 603 754 732 Idaho ........: 40.0 40.0 45.1 6,984 6,924 7,500 Michigan .....: 33.4 30.7 28.6 4,409 4,120 3,812 Minnesota ....: 30.1 29.5 29.9 12,808 11,821 12,468 Montana ......: 31.6 32.3 35.1 736 785 860 Nebraska .....: 28.6 30.5 29.7 1,333 1,424 1,360 North Dakota .: 28.9 31.5 33.2 6,560 6,675 6,889 Oregon .......: 36.4 40.6 42.0 379 426 420 Washington ...: 49.7 49.7 52.0 99 94 104 Wyoming ......: 29.4 30.3 32.3 847 945 995 : United States : 32.2 32.5 33.2 35,884 35,316 35,140 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Relates to year of planting for overwintered beets in southern California. Sugarcane Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023-2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre 1/ State :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ 1,000 acres ------ ---------- tons --------- : For sugar : Florida ............: 391.0 381.0 396.0 44.4 45.1 44.6 Louisiana ..........: 481.0 498.0 505.0 29.9 31.1 31.6 Texas 2/ ...........: 16.5 (NA) (NA) 22.5 (NA) (NA) : United States ......: 888.5 879.0 901.0 36.1 37.2 37.3 : For seed : Florida ............: 16.6 15.7 18.0 49.8 53.3 47.3 Louisiana ..........: 24.5 25.3 25.0 33.7 34.5 35.6 Texas 2/ ...........: - (NA) (NA) (X) (NA) (NA) : United States ......: 41.1 41.0 43.0 40.2 41.7 40.5 : For sugar and seed : Florida ............: 407.6 396.7 414.0 44.6 45.4 44.7 Louisiana ..........: 505.5 523.3 530.0 30.1 31.3 31.8 Texas 2/ ...........: 16.5 (NA) (NA) 22.5 (NA) (NA) : United States ......: 929.6 920.0 944.0 36.3 37.4 37.5 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Production 1/ State :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 tons : For sugar : Florida ............: 17,360 17,183 17,662 Louisiana ..........: 14,382 15,488 15,958 Texas 2/ ...........: 371 (NA) (NA) : United States ......: 32,113 32,671 33,620 : For seed : Florida ............: 827 837 851 Louisiana ..........: 826 873 890 Texas 2/ ...........: - (NA) (NA) : United States ......: 1,653 1,710 1,741 : For sugar and seed : Florida ............: 18,187 18,020 18,513 Louisiana ..........: 15,208 16,361 16,848 Texas 2/ ...........: 371 (NA) (NA) : United States ......: 33,766 34,381 35,361 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Net tons. 2/ Estimates discontinued in 2024. Potato Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023-2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area planted : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres : California .............: 23.0 21.0 21.0 22.8 20.8 20.9 Colorado ...............: 55.0 54.0 55.0 54.8 53.8 54.8 Florida ................: 20.0 18.0 17.0 19.8 17.7 16.5 Idaho ..................: 330.0 315.0 315.0 329.5 314.5 314.5 Maine ..................: 53.0 54.0 52.0 52.5 53.9 51.9 Michigan ...............: 50.0 48.0 48.0 49.0 47.5 47.5 Minnesota ..............: 46.0 43.0 40.0 45.7 42.6 39.7 Nebraska ...............: 22.0 21.0 20.0 21.9 20.9 19.9 : North Dakota ...........: 76.0 73.0 70.0 75.5 72.3 69.0 Oregon .................: 43.0 43.0 41.0 43.0 42.9 41.0 Texas ..................: 15.0 15.0 15.0 14.6 14.6 14.6 Washington .............: 165.0 160.0 140.0 164.5 159.5 139.5 Wisconsin ..............: 68.0 67.0 68.0 67.5 66.0 67.0 : United States ..........: 966.0 932.0 902.0 961.1 927.0 896.8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Yield per acre : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : ----------- cwt ----------- ---------- 1,000 cwt ---------- : California .............: 435 430 435 9,918 8,944 9,092 Colorado ...............: 385 410 420 21,098 22,058 23,016 Florida ................: 300 260 280 5,940 4,602 4,620 Idaho ..................: 435 430 440 143,333 135,235 138,380 Maine ..................: 320 340 335 16,800 18,326 17,387 Michigan ...............: 440 430 435 21,560 20,425 20,663 Minnesota ..............: 415 420 420 18,966 17,892 16,674 Nebraska ...............: 490 485 500 10,731 10,137 9,950 : North Dakota ...........: 350 350 360 26,425 25,305 24,840 Oregon .................: 620 610 635 26,660 26,169 26,035 Texas ..................: 460 465 425 6,716 6,789 6,205 Washington .............: 630 620 625 103,635 98,890 87,188 Wisconsin ..............: 420 400 430 28,350 26,400 28,810 : United States ..........: 458 454 460 440,132 421,172 412,860 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Dry Edible Bean Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023-2025 [Excludes chickpeas] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested State :-------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : California 1/ ...: 16.0 (NA) (NA) 15.6 (NA) (NA) Colorado ........: 33.0 54.0 40.0 28.9 49.0 34.3 Idaho ...........: 35.0 45.0 40.0 34.7 44.5 39.9 Michigan ........: 210.0 255.0 250.0 208.0 252.5 248.9 Minnesota .......: 210.0 280.0 295.0 207.0 272.3 291.3 Nebraska ........: 100.0 130.0 106.0 92.0 120.2 99.1 North Dakota ....: 530.0 730.0 580.0 525.0 720.0 566.3 Washington ......: 32.0 46.0 55.0 31.6 45.7 54.8 Wyoming 1/ ......: 14.0 (NA) (NA) 13.3 (NA) (NA) : United States ...: 1,180.0 1,540.0 1,366.0 1,156.1 1,504.2 1,334.6 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield per acre 2/ : Production 2/ State :-------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------- pounds --------- ---------- 1,000 cwt --------- : California 1/ ...: 2,150 (NA) (NA) 335 (NA) (NA) Colorado ........: 1,820 1,950 1,700 527 957 584 Idaho ...........: 2,470 2,650 2,860 858 1,181 1,143 Michigan ........: 2,440 2,430 2,350 5,067 6,129 5,852 Minnesota .......: 2,430 2,140 2,060 5,030 5,834 5,990 Nebraska ........: 2,140 2,260 2,520 1,965 2,717 2,502 North Dakota ....: 1,700 1,830 1,650 8,939 13,207 9,331 Washington ......: 2,760 2,800 2,650 873 1,281 1,453 Wyoming 1/ ......: 2,250 (NA) (NA) 299 (NA) (NA) : United States ...: 2,067 2,081 2,012 23,893 31,306 26,855 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Estimates discontinued in 2024. 2/ Clean basis. Dry Edible Bean Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production by Commercial Class - States and United States: 2023-2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested Class and State :-------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Large lima 1/ : California 1/ ...: 5.1 (NA) (NA) 5.0 (NA) (NA) Colorado ........: - (NA) (NA) - (NA) (NA) Idaho ...........: (D) (NA) (NA) (D) (NA) (NA) Michigan ........: - (NA) (NA) - (NA) (NA) Minnesota .......: (D) (NA) (NA) (D) (NA) (NA) Nebraska ........: - (NA) (NA) - (NA) (NA) North Dakota ....: - (NA) (NA) - (NA) (NA) Washington ......: (D) (NA) (NA) (D) (NA) (NA) Wyoming 1/ ......: - (NA) (NA) - (NA) (NA) : Other States 2/ .: 2.4 (NA) (NA) 2.4 (NA) (NA) : United States ...: 7.5 (NA) (NA) 7.4 (NA) (NA) : Baby lima 1/ : California 1/ ...: 4.7 (NA) (NA) 4.6 (NA) (NA) Colorado ........: - (NA) (NA) - (NA) (NA) Idaho ...........: (D) (NA) (NA) (D) (NA) (NA) Michigan ........: - (NA) (NA) - (NA) (NA) Minnesota .......: (D) (NA) (NA) (D) (NA) (NA) Nebraska ........: - (NA) (NA) - (NA) (NA) North Dakota ....: - (NA) (NA) - (NA) (NA) Washington ......: (D) (NA) (NA) (D) (NA) (NA) Wyoming 1/ ......: - (NA) (NA) - (NA) (NA) : Other States 2/ .: 1.0 (NA) (NA) 1.0 (NA) (NA) : United States ...: 5.7 (NA) (NA) 5.6 (NA) (NA) : Navy : California 1/ ...: - (NA) (NA) - (NA) (NA) Colorado ........: - - - - - - Idaho ...........: 0.5 (D) 0.7 0.5 (D) 0.7 Michigan ........: 46.0 46.0 50.0 45.6 45.7 49.7 Minnesota .......: 46.1 37.0 45.8 45.8 36.5 45.3 Nebraska ........: (D) - - (D) - - North Dakota ....: 42.0 40.9 52.6 41.6 39.2 49.8 Washington ......: (D) (D) 1.0 (D) (D) 1.0 Wyoming 1/ ......: - (NA) (NA) - (NA) (NA) : Other States 2/ .: 1.1 1.4 - 1.1 1.4 - : United States ...: 135.7 125.3 150.1 134.6 122.8 146.5 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Dry Edible Bean Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production by Commercial Class - States and United States: 2023-2025 (continued) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield per acre 3/ : Production 3/ Class and State :-------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------- pounds --------- ------- 1,000 cwt ------- : Large lima 1/ : California 1/ ...: 2,100 (NA) (NA) 105 (NA) (NA) Colorado ........: (X) (NA) (NA) - (NA) (NA) Idaho ...........: (D) (NA) (NA) (D) (NA) (NA) Michigan ........: (X) (NA) (NA) - (NA) (NA) Minnesota .......: (D) (NA) (NA) (D) (NA) (NA) Nebraska ........: (X) (NA) (NA) - (NA) (NA) North Dakota ....: (X) (NA) (NA) - (NA) (NA) Washington ......: (D) (NA) (NA) (D) (NA) (NA) Wyoming 1/ ......: (X) (NA) (NA) - (NA) (NA) : Other States 2/ .: 2,875 (NA) (NA) 69 (NA) (NA) : United States ...: 2,351 (NA) (NA) 174 (NA) (NA) : Baby lima 1/ : California 1/ ...: 2,300 (NA) (NA) 106 (NA) (NA) Colorado ........: (X) (NA) (NA) - (NA) (NA) Idaho ...........: (D) (NA) (NA) (D) (NA) (NA) Michigan ........: (X) (NA) (NA) - (NA) (NA) Minnesota .......: (D) (NA) (NA) (D) (NA) (NA) Nebraska ........: (X) (NA) (NA) - (NA) (NA) North Dakota ....: (X) (NA) (NA) - (NA) (NA) Washington ......: (D) (NA) (NA) (D) (NA) (NA) Wyoming 1/ ......: (X) (NA) (NA) - (NA) (NA) : Other States 2/ .: 2,500 (NA) (NA) 25 (NA) (NA) : United States ...: 2,339 (NA) (NA) 131 (NA) (NA) : Navy : California 1/ ...: (X) (NA) (NA) - (NA) (NA) Colorado ........: (X) (X) (X) - - - Idaho ...........: 2,610 (D) 2,970 13 (D) 21 Michigan ........: 2,530 2,480 2,270 1,154 1,133 1,128 Minnesota .......: 2,620 1,890 2,290 1,200 690 1,037 Nebraska ........: (D) (X) (X) (D) - - North Dakota ....: 1,950 1,960 1,850 811 768 921 Washington ......: (D) (D) 3,320 (D) (D) 33 Wyoming 1/ ......: (X) (NA) (NA) - (NA) (NA) : Other States 2/ .: 2,727 3,071 (X) 30 43 - : United States ...: 2,383 2,145 2,143 3,208 2,634 3,140 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Dry Edible Bean Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production by Commercial Class - States and United States: 2023-2025 (continued) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested Class and State :-------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Great northern : California 1/ ...: - (NA) (NA) - (NA) (NA) Colorado ........: (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) Idaho ...........: 1.2 2.0 1.3 1.2 2.0 1.3 Michigan ........: 2.0 3.0 3.5 2.0 3.0 3.5 Minnesota .......: (D) (D) 2.3 (D) (D) 2.3 Nebraska ........: 32.9 39.5 34.5 30.5 36.6 32.3 North Dakota ....: (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) Washington ......: 0.9 1.2 1.9 0.9 1.2 1.9 Wyoming 1/ ......: (D) (NA) (NA) (D) (NA) (NA) : Other States 2/ .: 6.3 8.3 4.5 5.8 8.2 4.2 : United States ...: 43.3 54.0 48.0 40.4 51.0 45.5 : Small white 1/ : California 1/ ...: - (NA) (NA) - (NA) (NA) Colorado ........: - (NA) (NA) - (NA) (NA) Idaho ...........: (D) (NA) (NA) (D) (NA) (NA) Michigan ........: (D) (NA) (NA) (D) (NA) (NA) Minnesota .......: (D) (NA) (NA) (D) (NA) (NA) Nebraska ........: (D) (NA) (NA) (D) (NA) (NA) North Dakota ....: - (NA) (NA) - (NA) (NA) Washington ......: (D) (NA) (NA) (D) (NA) (NA) Wyoming 1/ ......: - (NA) (NA) - (NA) (NA) : Other States 2/ .: 5.5 (NA) (NA) 5.5 (NA) (NA) : Unites States ...: 5.5 (NA) (NA) 5.5 (NA) (NA) : White Kidney 4/ : California 1/ ...: (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Colorado ........: (NA) - - (NA) - - Idaho ...........: (NA) (D) (D) (NA) (D) (D) Michigan ........: (NA) (D) 2.5 (NA) (D) 2.5 Minnesota .......: (NA) 4.6 8.1 (NA) 4.6 7.8 Nebraska ........: (NA) - - (NA) - - North Dakota ....: (NA) (D) (D) (NA) (D) (D) Washington ......: (NA) (D) (D) (NA) (D) (D) Wyoming 1/ ......: (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) : Other States 2/ .: (NA) 3.2 1.8 (NA) 2.6 1.8 : United States ...: (NA) 7.8 12.4 (NA) 7.2 12.1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Dry Edible Bean Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production by Commercial Class - States and United States: 2023-2025 (continued) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield per acre 2/ : Production 2/ Class and State :-------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------- pounds --------- ------- 1,000 cwt ------- : Great northern : California 1/ ...: (X) (NA) (NA) - (NA) (NA) Colorado ........: (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) Idaho ...........: 2,100 2,750 2,970 25 55 39 Michigan ........: 1,900 2,150 1,950 38 65 68 Minnesota .......: (D) (D) 2,250 (D) (D) 52 Nebraska ........: 2,190 2,050 2,610 668 750 843 North Dakota ....: (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) Washington ......: 2,870 2,330 3,300 26 28 63 Wyoming 1/ ......: (D) (NA) (NA) (D) (NA) (NA) : Other States 2/ .: 2,207 2,671 1,333 128 219 56 : United States ...: 2,191 2,190 2,464 885 1,117 1,121 : Small white 1/ : California 1/ ...: (X) (NA) (NA) - (NA) (NA) Colorado ........: (X) (NA) (NA) - (NA) (NA) Idaho ...........: (D) (NA) (NA) (D) (NA) (NA) Michigan ........: (D) (NA) (NA) (D) (NA) (NA) Minnesota .......: (D) (NA) (NA) (D) (NA) (NA) Nebraska ........: (D) (NA) (NA) (D) (NA) (NA) North Dakota ....: (X) (NA) (NA) - (NA) (NA) Washington ......: (D) (NA) (NA) (D) (NA) (NA) Wyoming 1/ ......: (X) (NA) (NA) - (NA) (NA) : Other States 2/ .: 2,582 (NA) (NA) 142 (NA) (NA) : United States ...: 2,582 (NA) (NA) 142 (NA) (NA) : White kidney 4/ : California 1/ ...: (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Colorado ........: (NA) (X) (X) (NA) - - Idaho ...........: (NA) (D) (D) (NA) (D) (D) Michigan ........: (NA) (D) 2,110 (NA) (D) 53 Minnesota .......: (NA) 2,620 1,780 (NA) 121 139 Nebraska ........: (NA) (X) (X) (NA) - - North Dakota ....: (NA) (D) (D) (NA) (D) (D) Washington ......: (NA) (D) (D) (NA) (D) (D) Wyoming 1/ ......: (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) : Other States 2/ .: (NA) 2,769 2,611 (NA) 72 47 : United States ...: (NA) 2,681 1,975 (NA) 193 239 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Dry Edible Bean Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production by Commercial Class - States and United States: 2023-2025 (continued) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested Class and State :-------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Pinto : California 1/ ...: (D) (NA) (NA) (D) (NA) (NA) Colorado ........: 17.2 29.0 18.6 15.7 25.7 15.2 Idaho ...........: 13.8 18.0 17.0 13.7 18.0 17.0 Michigan ........: (D) 7.5 9.0 (D) 7.4 8.9 Minnesota .......: 13.0 22.0 26.5 12.6 21.2 26.4 Nebraska ........: 49.1 73.5 51.0 44.8 68.1 47.8 North Dakota ....: 377.0 534.0 411.0 374.0 529.0 405.0 Washington ......: 10.3 14.7 12.5 10.1 14.6 12.4 Wyoming 1/ ......: 11.7 (NA) (NA) 11.2 (NA) (NA) : Other States 2/ .: 4.1 - - 3.9 - - : United States ...: 496.2 698.7 545.6 486.0 684.0 532.7 : Light red kidney : California 1/ ...: - (NA) (NA) - (NA) (NA) Colorado ........: (D) 2.7 2.7 (D) 1.9 2.4 Idaho ...........: 1.9 (D) (D) 1.9 (D) (D) Michigan ........: 4.5 4.4 5.7 4.4 4.4 5.7 Minnesota .......: 18.0 18.0 25.0 17.3 17.8 24.1 Nebraska ........: 2.5 (D) 6.2 2.3 (D) 5.6 North Dakota ....: (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) Washington ......: 1.1 1.6 3.5 1.1 1.6 3.5 Wyoming 1/ ......: - (NA) (NA) - (NA) (NA) : Other States 2/ .: 2.9 3.2 5.3 2.0 3.2 5.3 : United States ...: 30.9 29.9 48.4 29.0 28.9 46.6 : Dark red kidney : California 1/ ...: (D) (NA) (NA) (D) (NA) (NA) Colorado ........: (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) Idaho ...........: 2.1 2.1 3.6 2.1 2.1 3.6 Michigan ........: (D) 1.1 2.0 (D) 1.1 2.0 Minnesota .......: 33.0 44.0 65.5 32.5 43.2 64.8 Nebraska ........: - (D) (D) - (D) (D) North Dakota ....: (D) (D) 4.5 (D) (D) 4.5 Washington ......: (D) (D) 1.5 (D) (D) 1.5 Wyoming 1/ ......: - (NA) (NA) - (NA) (NA) : Other States 2/ .: 5.1 3.5 0.5 5.0 3.4 0.5 : United States ...: 40.2 50.7 77.6 39.6 49.8 76.9 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Dry Edible Bean Area Planted, Harvested, Yield, and Production by Commercial Class - States and United States: 2023-2025 (continued) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield per acre 3/ : Production 3/ Class and State :-------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------- pounds --------- ------- 1,000 cwt ------- : Pinto : California 1/ ...: (D) (NA) (NA) (D) (NA) (NA) Colorado ........: 2,090 2,310 2,250 328 594 342 Idaho ...........: 2,630 2,750 2,840 360 495 483 Michigan ........: (D) 2,280 2,150 (D) 169 191 Minnesota .......: 2,140 2,200 1,760 270 466 465 Nebraska ........: 2,200 2,490 2,640 986 1,696 1,262 North Dakota ....: 1,610 1,800 1,600 6,021 9,522 6,480 Washington ......: 2,860 2,990 3,020 289 437 374 Wyoming 1/ ......: 2,240 (NA) (NA) 251 (NA) (NA) : Other States 2/ .: 2,256 (X) (X) 88 - - : United States ...: 1,768 1,956 1,802 8,593 13,379 9,597 : Light red kidney : California 1/ ...: (X) (NA) (NA) - (NA) (NA) Colorado ........: (D) 2,380 2,010 (D) 45 48 Idaho ...........: 1,870 (D) (D) 36 (D) (D) Michigan ........: 1,640 2,120 1,670 72 93 95 Minnesota .......: 2,590 2,550 1,980 448 454 477 Nebraska ........: 1,500 (D) 1,620 35 (D) 91 North Dakota ....: (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) Washington ......: 2,940 3,560 2,760 32 57 97 Wyoming 1/ ......: (X) (NA) (NA) - (NA) (NA) : Other States 2/ .: 1,650 2,156 2,057 33 69 109 : United States ...: 2,262 2,484 1,968 656 718 917 : Dark red kidney : California 1/ ...: (D) (NA) (NA) (D) (NA) (NA) Colorado ........: (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) Idaho ...........: 2,710 1,990 2,670 57 42 96 Michigan ........: (D) 2,120 1,800 (D) 23 36 Minnesota .......: 2,440 2,280 1,990 793 985 1,290 Nebraska ........: (X) (D) (D) - (D) (D) North Dakota ....: (D) (D) 1,910 (D) (D) 86 Washington ......: (D) (D) 2,790 (D) (D) 42 Wyoming 1/ ......: (X) (NA) (NA) - (NA) (NA) : Other States 2/ .: 1,580 2,118 2,200 79 72 11 : United States ...: 2,346 2,253 2,030 929 1,122 1,561 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Dry Edible Bean Area Planted, Harvested, Yield, and Production by Commercial Class - States and United States: 2023-2025 (continued) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested Class and State :------------------------------------------------------------ : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Pink : California 1/ .............: (D) (NA) (NA) (D) (NA) (NA) Colorado ..................: - - - - - - Idaho .....................: 5.7 5.5 3.6 5.7 5.4 3.6 Michigan ..................: (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) Minnesota .................: (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) Nebraska ..................: (D) - - (D) - - North Dakota ..............: 5.8 (D) 6.1 5.8 (D) 5.9 Washington ................: (D) 0.5 - (D) 0.5 - Wyoming 1/ ................: (D) (NA) (NA) (D) (NA) (NA) : Other States 2/ ...........: 12.5 12.5 7.8 12.0 12.5 7.7 : United States .............: 24.0 18.5 17.5 23.5 18.4 17.2 : Small red : California 1/ .............: - (NA) (NA) - (NA) (NA) Colorado ..................: (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) Idaho .....................: 1.5 2.4 1.5 1.5 2.4 1.5 Michigan ..................: 21.0 27.0 29.0 20.7 26.8 28.8 Minnesota .................: (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) Nebraska ..................: 1.3 (D) (D) 1.3 (D) (D) North Dakota ..............: 21.0 19.1 22.8 20.8 19.0 21.7 Washington ................: (D) 2.4 (D) (D) 2.4 (D) Wyoming 1/ ................: - (NA) (NA) - (NA) (NA) : Other States 2/ ...........: 3.6 6.9 10.7 3.4 6.2 10.7 : United States .............: 48.4 57.8 64.0 47.7 56.8 62.7 : Cranberry : California 1/ .............: (D) (NA) (NA) (D) (NA) (NA) Colorado ..................: - - - - - - Idaho .....................: (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) Michigan ..................: 3.7 2.9 3.5 3.6 2.9 3.5 Minnesota .................: (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) Nebraska ..................: - (D) (D) - (D) (D) North Dakota ..............: (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) Washington ................: 3.2 4.2 10.1 3.2 4.2 10.1 Wyoming 1/ ................: - (NA) (NA) - (NA) (NA) : Other States 2/ ...........: 6.2 6.7 6.2 6.1 6.5 6.0 : United States .............: 13.1 13.8 19.8 12.9 13.6 19.6 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Dry Edible Bean Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production by Commercial Class - States and United States: 2023-2025 (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Yield per acre 3/ : Production 3/ Class and State :------------------------------------------------------------ : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : ---------- pounds --------- ------ 1,000 cwt ------ : Pink : California 1/ ...............: (D) (NA) (NA) (D) (NA) (NA) Colorado ....................: (X) (X) (X) - - - Idaho .......................: 2,120 2,720 3,100 121 147 112 Michigan ....................: (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) Minnesota ...................: (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) Nebraska ....................: (D) (X) (X) (D) - - North Dakota ................: 2,080 (D) 2,580 121 (D) 152 Washington ..................: (D) 2,620 (X) (D) 13 - Wyoming 1/ ..................: (D) (NA) (NA) (D) (NA) (NA) : Other States 2/ .............: 2,242 2,296 2,364 269 287 182 : United States ...............: 2,174 2,429 2,593 511 447 446 : Small red : California 1/ ...............: (X) (NA) (NA) - (NA) (NA) Colorado ....................: (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) Idaho .......................: 2,330 2,740 2,850 35 66 43 Michigan ....................: 2,330 2,260 2,300 482 606 662 Minnesota ...................: (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) Nebraska ....................: 3,110 (D) (D) 40 (D) (D) North Dakota ................: 2,100 2,020 1,910 437 384 414 Washington ..................: (D) 1,850 (D) (D) 44 (D) Wyoming 1/ ..................: (X) (NA) (NA) - (NA) (NA) : Other States 2/ .............: 2,353 2,387 2,327 80 148 249 : United States ...............: 2,252 2,197 2,182 1,074 1,248 1,368 : Cranberry : California 1/ ...............: (D) (NA) (NA) (D) (NA) (NA) Colorado ....................: (X) (X) (X) - - - Idaho .......................: (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) Michigan ....................: 1,520 1,900 1,880 55 55 66 Minnesota ...................: (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) Nebraska ....................: (X) (D) (D) - (D) (D) North Dakota ................: (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) Washington ..................: 2,810 2,610 2,250 90 110 227 Wyoming 1/ ..................: (X) (NA) (NA) - (NA) (NA) : Other States 2/ .............: 1,574 1,308 1,683 96 85 101 : United States ...............: 1,868 1,838 2,010 241 250 394 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Dry Edible Bean Area Planted, Harvested, Yield, and Production by Commercial Class - States and United States: 2023-2025 (continued) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested Class and State :------------------------------------------------------------ : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Black : California 1/ .............: (D) (NA) (NA) (D) (NA) (NA) Colorado ..................: (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) Idaho .....................: 3.6 6.2 3.7 3.6 6.1 3.7 Michigan ..................: 124.0 158.0 143.0 123.3 156.7 142.6 Minnesota .................: 79.7 137.0 104.0 79.2 131.8 102.9 Nebraska ..................: 2.4 (D) (D) 2.1 (D) (D) North Dakota ..............: 73.0 118.0 69.9 71.6 115.1 66.8 Washington ................: 5.8 9.6 6.7 5.7 9.6 6.7 Wyoming 1/ ................: 1.2 (NA) (NA) 1.2 (NA) (NA) : Other States 2/ ...........: 1.3 2.3 5.3 1.3 2.1 4.7 : United States .............: 291.0 431.1 332.6 288.0 421.4 327.4 : Blackeye : California 1/ .............: 3.5 (NA) (NA) 3.4 (NA) (NA) Colorado ..................: (D) 14.7 10.2 (D) 13.9 8.8 Idaho .....................: - (D) (D) - (D) (D) Michigan ..................: - - (D) - - (D) Minnesota .................: (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) Nebraska ..................: 8.0 8.3 5.7 7.6 8.0 5.6 North Dakota ..............: (D) - (D) (D) - (D) Washington ................: (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) Wyoming 1/ ................: (D) (NA) (NA) (D) (NA) (NA) : Other States 2/ ...........: 7.4 0.8 0.7 7.0 0.7 0.6 : United States .............: 18.9 23.8 16.6 18.0 22.6 15.0 Other : California 1/ .............: 1.7 (NA) (NA) 1.6 (NA) (NA) Colorado ..................: 3.8 4.6 4.3 2.9 4.6 3.7 Idaho .....................: 2.7 6.1 6.6 2.5 5.8 6.5 Michigan ..................: (D) (D) 1.3 (D) (D) 1.3 Minnesota .................: (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) Nebraska ..................: (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) North Dakota ..............: (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) Washington ................: 2.9 9.8 13.9 2.8 9.7 13.8 Wyoming 1/ ................: 0.6 (NA) (NA) 0.6 (NA) (NA) : Other States 2/ ...........: 7.9 8.1 7.3 7.5 7.6 7.1 : United States .............: 19.6 28.6 33.4 17.9 27.7 32.4 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Dry Edible Bean Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production by Commercial Class - States and United States: 2023-2025 (continued) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield per acre 3/ : Production 3/ Class and State :------------------------------------------------------------ : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------- pounds --------- ------ 1,000 cwt ------ : Black : California 1/ .............: (D) (NA) (NA) (D) (NA) (NA) Colorado ..................: (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) Idaho .....................: 2,590 2,700 3,030 93 165 112 Michigan ..................: 2,510 2,470 2,470 3,095 3,870 3,522 Minnesota .................: 2,390 2,080 2,090 1,893 2,741 2,151 Nebraska ..................: 2,080 (D) (D) 44 (D) (D) North Dakota ..............: 1,880 1,890 1,600 1,346 2,175 1,069 Washington ................: 3,100 2,350 2,650 177 226 178 Wyoming 1/ ................: 2,860 (NA) (NA) 34 (NA) (NA) : Other States 2/ ...........: 1,538 2,190 2,426 20 46 114 : United States .............: 2,327 2,189 2,183 6,702 9,223 7,146 : Blackeye : California 1/ .............: 2,050 (NA) (NA) 70 (NA) (NA) Colorado ..................: (D) 860 900 (D) 120 79 Idaho .....................: (X) (D) (D) - (D) (D) Michigan ..................: (X) (X) (D) - - (D) Minnesota .................: (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) Nebraska ..................: 1,500 1,160 1,470 114 93 82 North Dakota ..............: (D) (X) (D) (D) - (D) Washington ................: (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) Wyoming 1/ ................: (D) (NA) (NA) (D) (NA) (NA) : Other States 2/ ...........: 1,443 1,714 1,667 101 12 10 : United States .............: 1,583 996 1,140 285 225 171 Other : California 1/ .............: 2,000 (NA) (NA) 32 (NA) (NA) Colorado ..................: 1,500 2,330 1,930 44 107 71 Idaho .....................: 2,620 2,570 2,840 66 149 185 Michigan ..................: (D) (D) 1,940 (D) (D) 25 Minnesota .................: (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) Nebraska ..................: (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) North Dakota ..............: (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) Washington ................: 2,000 3,170 2,410 56 307 333 Wyoming 1/ ................: 1,330 (NA) (NA) 8 (NA) (NA) : Other States 2/ ...........: 2,080 2,461 1,986 156 187 141 : United States .............: 2,022 2,708 2,330 362 750 755 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Estimates discontinued in 2024. 2/ Includes data withheld above. 3/ Clean basis. 4/ Estimates began in 2024. Lentil Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023-2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area planted : Area harvested State :--------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres : Idaho 1/ .....: 18.0 (NA) (NA) 18.0 (NA) (NA) Montana ......: 390.0 720.0 830.0 374.0 690.0 730.0 North Dakota .: 92.0 165.0 185.0 87.0 162.0 165.0 Washington ...: 45.0 51.0 57.0 44.0 51.0 54.0 : United States : 545.0 936.0 1,072.0 523.0 903.0 949.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Yield per acre : Production State :--------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : ----------- pounds ---------- --------- 1,000 cwt -------- : Idaho 1/ .....: 1,090 (NA) (NA) 196 (NA) (NA) Montana ......: 1,080 900 1,080 4,039 6,210 7,884 North Dakota .: 1,230 1,450 1,260 1,070 2,349 2,079 Washington ...: 890 960 1,100 392 490 594 : United States : 1,089 1,002 1,112 5,697 9,049 10,557 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. 1/ Estimates discontinued in 2024. Chickpea Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023-2025 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested Size and State :-------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Small 1/ : California 2/ ..........: (D) (NA) (NA) (D) (NA) (NA) Idaho ..................: 23.0 38.0 27.0 22.6 37.8 26.8 Montana ................: 40.0 50.0 59.0 33.7 46.8 57.4 North Dakota ...........: (D) 16.0 7.0 (D) 15.8 6.9 Washington .............: 31.0 38.0 35.0 30.9 38.0 35.0 : Other States 3/ ........: 7.3 - - 7.3 - - : United States ..........: 101.3 142.0 128.0 94.5 138.4 126.1 : Large 4/ : California 2/ ..........: (D) (NA) (NA) (D) (NA) (NA) Idaho ..................: 49.0 59.0 71.0 48.8 58.2 70.8 Montana ................: 133.0 172.0 201.0 130.0 166.0 190.5 North Dakota ...........: (D) 31.0 30.0 (D) 30.5 26.9 Washington .............: 67.0 103.0 106.0 66.9 102.8 106.0 : Other States 3/ ........: 16.7 - - 16.6 - - : United States ..........: 265.7 365.0 408.0 262.3 357.5 394.2 : All : California 2/ ..........: 3.0 (NA) (NA) 3.0 (NA) (NA) Idaho ..................: 72.0 97.0 98.0 71.4 96.0 97.6 Montana ................: 173.0 222.0 260.0 163.7 212.8 247.9 North Dakota ...........: 21.0 47.0 37.0 20.9 46.3 33.8 Washington .............: 98.0 141.0 141.0 97.8 140.8 141.0 : United States ..........: 367.0 507.0 536.0 356.8 495.9 520.3 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Chickpea Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023-2025 (continued) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield per acre 5/ : Production 5/ Size and State :------------------------------------------------------------ : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------- pounds --------- ------ 1,000 cwt ------ : Small 1/ : California 2/ ...........: (D) (NA) (NA) (D) (NA) (NA) Idaho ...................: 1,430 1,170 1,340 323 442 359 Montana .................: 1,200 940 1,680 404 440 964 North Dakota ............: (D) 2,100 1,200 (D) 332 83 Washington ..............: 1,470 1,320 1,340 454 502 469 : Other States 3/ .........: 2,219 - - 162 - - : United States ...........: 1,421 1,240 1,487 1,343 1,716 1,875 : Large 4/ : California 2/ ...........: (D) (NA) (NA) (D) (NA) (NA) Idaho ...................: 1,310 1,150 1,290 639 669 913 Montana .................: 1,210 970 1,200 1,573 1,610 2,286 North Dakota ............: (D) 1,420 1,340 (D) 433 360 Washington ..............: 1,310 1,230 1,330 876 1,264 1,410 : Other States 3/ .........: 1,380 - - 229 - - : United States ...........: 1,265 1,112 1,261 3,317 3,976 4,969 : All : California 2/ ...........: 2,800 (NA) (NA) 84 (NA) (NA) Idaho ...................: 1,350 1,160 1,300 962 1,111 1,272 Montana .................: 1,210 960 1,310 1,977 2,050 3,250 North Dakota ............: 1,470 1,650 1,310 307 765 443 Washington ..............: 1,360 1,250 1,330 1,330 1,766 1,879 : United States ...........: 1,306 1,148 1,315 4,660 5,692 6,844 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. 1/ Chickpeas 20/64 inches or smaller. 2/ Estimates discontinued in 2024. 3/ Includes data withheld above. 4/ Chickpeas larger than 20/64 inches. 5/ Clean basis. Dry Edible Pea Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023-2025 [Includes Austrian winter peas and wrinkled seed peas] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Idaho ..........: 19.0 12.0 22.0 18.0 11.0 21.0 Montana ........: 580.0 595.0 690.0 570.0 580.0 600.0 Nebraska .......: 21.0 27.0 23.0 19.0 24.0 20.0 North Dakota ...: 260.0 305.0 380.0 253.0 297.0 366.0 South Dakota 1/ : 13.0 (NA) (NA) 12.0 (NA) (NA) Washington .....: 62.0 49.0 58.0 61.0 47.0 56.0 : United States ..: 955.0 988.0 1,173.0 933.0 959.0 1,063.0 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield per acre : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----------- pounds ----------- ---------- 1,000 cwt ---------- : Idaho ..........: 1,610 1,940 1,670 290 213 351 Montana ........: 1,740 1,430 1,430 9,918 8,294 8,580 Nebraska .......: 2,390 1,660 1,700 454 398 340 North Dakota ...: 2,300 2,430 2,250 5,819 7,217 8,235 South Dakota 1/ : 2,100 (NA) (NA) 252 (NA) (NA) Washington .....: 1,990 1,930 1,740 1,214 907 974 : United States ..: 1,924 1,776 1,738 17,947 17,029 18,480 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Estimates discontinued in 2024. Hop Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Variety - States and United States: 2023-2025 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : Area harvested and :----------------------------------------------------- variety : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : acres : Idaho : Amarillo R, VGXP01 ...... : 537 514 503 Apollo TM ............... : 209 210 (D) Cascade .........................: 699 324 (D) Cashmere ........................: 91 (D) (D) Chinook .........................: 409 192 (D) Citra R, HBC 394 ........ : 1,014 609 729 Columbus/Tomahawk R/Zeus (CTZ) : 1,059 811 775 Comet ...........................: 108 (D) (D) El Dorado R ............. : 242 (D) (D) Elani R, YQH 1320 ....... : 8 8 8 : Eureka! TM .............. : 525 374 (D) Hallertauer Mittelfruher ........: 159 160 44 Helios TM, HS15619 ...... : 503 511 (D) Idaho 7 R ............... : 290 243 260 Mosaic R, HBC 369 ....... : 1,120 495 558 Mt. Rainier .....................: 66 - - Saaz ............................: 380 372 84 Simcoe R, YCR 14 ........ : 257 97 97 Willamette ......................: 459 158 158 Experimental ....................: (D) 31 (D) : Other varieties 1/ ..............: 510 688 1,886 : Total ...........................: 8,645 5,797 5,102 : Oregon : Amarillo R, VGXP01 ...... : 204 227 213 Cascade .........................: 629 487 487 Centennial ......................: 386 422 417 Chinook .........................: 76 62 103 Citra R, HBC 394 ........ : 1,528 1,260 1,525 Crystal .........................: 240 228 160 Liberty .........................: 25 25 (D) Mosaic R, HBC 369 ....... : 847 653 684 Mt. Hood ........................: 188 142 118 Mt. Rainier .....................: 109 (D) - : Nugget ..........................: 375 252 157 Simcoe R, YCR 14 ........ : 466 447 431 Sterling ........................: 30 45 44 Strata R, OR 91331 ...... : 839 574 326 Tahoma ..........................: 104 (D) - Willamette ......................: 439 266 227 Experimental ....................: (D) (D) 33 : Other varieties 1/ ..............: 337 545 429 : Total ...........................: 6,822 5,635 5,354 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Hop Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Variety - States and United States: 2023-2025 (continued) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : Yield per acre and :----------------------------------------------------- variety : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : pounds : Idaho : Amarillo R, VGXP01 ...... : 1,589 1,891 1,913 Apollo TM ............... : 2,744 2,709 (D) Cascade .........................: 1,957 2,136 (D) Cashmere ........................: 1,321 (D) (D) Chinook .........................: 2,047 1,903 (D) Citra R, HBC 394 ........ : 1,581 1,579 1,631 Columbus/Tomahawk R/Zeus (CTZ) : 2,638 3,336 3,402 Comet ...........................: 1,877 (D) (D) El Dorado R ............. : 2,256 (D) (D) Elani R, YQH 1320 ....... : 1,158 2,673 2,657 : Eureka! TM .............. : 2,308 2,592 (D) Hallertauer Mittelfruher ........: 1,085 1,693 1,474 Helios TM, HS15619 ...... : 1,736 3,092 (D) Idaho 7 R ............... : 2,572 2,680 2,885 Mosaic R, HBC 369 ....... : 2,442 2,644 2,524 Mt. Rainier .....................: 1,572 (X) (X) Saaz ............................: 524 813 1,222 Simcoe R, YCR 14 ........ : 1,312 1,392 1,425 Willamette ......................: 1,440 1,501 1,462 Experimental ....................: (D) 1,691 (D) : Other varieties 1/ ..............: 1,778 2,013 2,191 : Total ...........................: 1,949 2,273 2,281 : Oregon : Amarillo R, VGXP01 ...... : 1,841 1,727 2,064 Cascade .........................: 1,633 1,634 1,623 Centennial ......................: 1,057 1,459 1,400 Chinook .........................: 1,453 1,510 1,731 Citra R, HBC 394 ........ : 1,290 1,698 1,678 Crystal .........................: 1,422 1,432 1,633 Liberty .........................: 835 1,233 (D) Mosaic R, HBC 369 ....... : 1,907 2,203 2,355 Mt. Hood ........................: 1,373 1,548 1,925 Mt. Rainier .....................: 1,497 (D) (X) : Nugget ..........................: 2,236 2,268 2,000 Simcoe R, YCR 14 ........ : 1,225 1,337 1,314 Sterling ........................: 1,859 1,451 1,452 Strata R, OR 91331 ...... : 1,617 1,961 2,128 Tahoma ..........................: 1,884 (D) (X) Willamette ......................: 1,524 1,465 1,631 Experimental ....................: (D) (D) 1,629 : Other varieties 1/ ..............: 1,934 1,757 1,645 : Total ...........................: 1,558 1,732 1,759 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Hop Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Variety - States and United States: 2023-2025 (continued) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : Production and :----------------------------------------------------- variety : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 pounds : Idaho : Amarillo R, VGXP01 ...... : 853.3 972.0 962.2 Apollo TM ............... : 573.5 568.9 (D) Cascade .........................: 1,367.9 692.1 (D) Cashmere ........................: 120.2 (D) (D) Chinook .........................: 837.2 365.4 (D) Citra R, HBC 394 ........ : 1,603.1 961.6 1,189.0 Columbus/Tomahawk R/Zeus (CTZ) : 2,793.6 2,705.5 2,636.6 Comet ...........................: 202.7 (D) (D) El Dorado R ............. : 546.0 (D) (D) Elani R, YQH 1320 ....... : 9.3 21.4 21.3 : Eureka! TM .............. : 1,211.7 969.4 (D) Hallertauer Mittelfruher ........: 172.5 270.9 64.9 Helios TM, HS15619 ...... : 873.2 1,580.0 (D) Idaho 7 R ............... : 745.9 651.2 750.1 Mosaic R, HBC 369 ....... : 2,735.0 1,308.8 1,408.4 Mt. Rainier .....................: 103.8 - - Saaz ............................: 199.1 302.4 102.6 Simcoe R, YCR 14 ........ : 337.2 135.0 138.2 Willamette ......................: 661.0 237.2 231.0 Experimental ....................: (D) 52.4 (D) : Other varieties 1/ ..............: 906.8 1,384.6 4,132.9 : Total ...........................: 16,853.0 13,178.8 11,637.2 : Oregon : Amarillo R, VGXP01 ...... : 375.6 392.0 439.6 Cascade .........................: 1,027.2 795.8 790.4 Centennial ......................: 408.0 615.7 583.8 Chinook .........................: 110.4 93.6 178.3 Citra R, HBC 394 ........ : 1,971.1 2,139.5 2,559.0 Crystal .........................: 341.3 326.5 261.3 Liberty .........................: 20.9 30.8 (D) Mosaic R, HBC 369 ....... : 1,615.2 1,438.6 1,610.8 Mt. Hood ........................: 258.1 219.8 227.2 Mt. Rainier .....................: 163.2 (D) - : Nugget ..........................: 838.5 571.5 314.0 Simcoe R, YCR 14 ........ : 570.9 597.6 566.3 Sterling ........................: 55.8 65.3 63.9 Strata R, OR 91331 ...... : 1,356.7 1,125.6 693.7 Tahoma ..........................: 195.9 (D) - Willamette ......................: 669.0 389.7 370.2 Experimental ....................: (D) (D) 53.8 : Other varieties 1/ ..............: 651.9 957.3 705.6 : Total ...........................: 10,629.7 9,759.3 9,417.9 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Hop Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Variety - States and United States: 2023-2025 (continued) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : Area harvested and :----------------------------------------------------- variety : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : acres : Washington : Amarillo R, VGXP01 .... : 1,436 1,274 1,158 Apollo TM ............. : 802 870 522 Azacca R, ADHA-483 .... : 401 367 (D) Bravo TM .............. : 206 143 114 Cascade .........................: 3,156 2,271 1,719 Cashmere ........................: 258 140 186 Centennial ......................: 2,103 2,026 2,122 Chinook .........................: 1,216 1,006 954 Citra R, HBC 394 ...... : 6,314 4,906 5,327 Cluster .........................: 195 270 217 : Columbus/Tomahawk R/Zeus (CTZ) : 5,295 4,627 4,115 Comet ...........................: 175 159 209 Ekuanot R, HBC 366 .... : 373 433 316 El Dorado R ........... : 621 565 434 Elani R, YQH 1320 ..... : 61 58 78 Eureka! TM ............ : 621 479 401 HBC 682 .........................: 2,226 2,429 2,059 Helios TM, HS15619 .... : 1,006 1,379 (D) Idaho 7 R ............... : 148 150 150 Krush TM, HBC 586 ..... : (NA) (NA) 331 : Loral R, HBC 291 ...... : 161 106 (D) Mosaic R, HBC 369 ..... : 3,309 2,459 2,246 Mt. Hood ........................: (D) (D) 51 Mt. Rainier .....................: 212 (D) - Palisade R, YCR 4 ..... : 260 315 (D) Pekko R, ADHA-871 ..... : 1,045 (D) 834 Sabro R, HBC 438 ........ : 203 204 181 Simcoe R, YCR 14 ...... : 3,483 2,873 2,962 Super Galena TM ....... : 354 355 233 Tahoma ..........................: 385 121 - : Talus R, HBC 692 ........ : 147 95 492 Warrior R, YCR 5 ...... : 148 147 (D) Willamette ......................: 199 173 199 Experimental ....................: 602 411 322 : Other varieties 1/ ..............: 1,730 2,550 3,266 : Total ...........................: 38,851 33,361 31,198 : United States ................ : 54,318 44,793 41,654 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Hop Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Variety - States and United States: 2023-2025 (continued) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : Yield per acre and :----------------------------------------------------- variety : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : pounds : Washington : Amarillo R, VGXP01 .... : 1,686 1,419 1,725 Apollo TM ............. : 2,989 2,682 2,822 Azacca R, ADHA-483 .... : 1,980 2,020 (D) Bravo TM .............. : 2,896 2,711 3,029 Cascade .........................: 1,957 1,839 2,028 Cashmere ........................: 1,949 1,695 1,735 Centennial ......................: 1,191 1,621 1,543 Chinook .........................: 1,812 1,722 1,873 Citra R, HBC 394 ...... : 1,585 1,573 1,641 Cluster .........................: 1,722 1,855 2,114 : Columbus/Tomahawk R/Zeus (CTZ) : 2,465 2,496 2,622 Comet ...........................: 1,857 1,558 1,163 Ekuanot R, HBC 366 .... : 2,335 2,021 1,962 El Dorado R ........... : 2,093 1,580 2,034 Elani R, YQH 1320 ..... : 2,403 2,247 2,046 Eureka! TM ............ : 3,028 3,119 2,800 HBC 682 .........................: 2,032 2,043 2,425 Helios TM, HS15619 .... : 1,733 2,010 (D) Idaho 7 R ............... : 3,062 2,598 2,576 Krush TM, HBC 586 ..... : (NA) (NA) 2,265 : Loral R, HBC 291 ...... : 1,989 1,807 (D) Mosaic R, HBC 369 ..... : 2,207 2,058 2,260 Mt. Hood ........................: (D) (D) 672 Mt. Rainier .....................: 2,031 (D) (X) Palisade R, YCR 4 ..... : 2,268 2,208 (D) Pekko R, ADHA-871 ..... : 2,319 (D) 1,252 Sabro R, HBC 438 ........ : 3,034 2,397 2,744 Simcoe R, YCR 14 ...... : 1,539 1,527 1,503 Super Galena TM ....... : 2,970 2,921 2,807 Tahoma ..........................: 1,589 1,329 (X) : Talus R, HBC 692 ........ : 1,967 1,864 789 Warrior R, YCR 5 ...... : 2,070 1,723 (D) Willamette ......................: 971 1,320 1,481 Experimental ....................: 1,769 1,924 1,831 : Other varieties 1/ ..............: 2,177 1,738 2,212 : Total ...........................: 1,971 1,922 1,990 : United States ................ : 1,915 1,944 1,996 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Hop Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Variety - States and United States: 2023-2025 (continued) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : Production and :----------------------------------------------------- variety : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 pounds : Washington : Amarillo R, VGXP01 .... : 2,421.1 1,807.8 1,997.6 Apollo TM ............. : 2,397.2 2,333.3 1,473.1 Azacca R, ADHA-483 .... : 794.0 741.3 (D) Bravo TM .............. : 596.6 387.7 345.3 Cascade .........................: 6,176.3 4,176.4 3,486.1 Cashmere ........................: 502.8 237.3 322.7 Centennial ......................: 2,504.7 3,284.1 3,274.2 Chinook .........................: 2,203.4 1,732.3 1,786.8 Citra R, HBC 394 ...... : 10,007.7 7,717.1 8,741.6 Cluster .........................: 335.8 500.9 458.7 : Columbus/Tomahawk R/Zeus (CTZ) : 13,052.2 11,549.0 10,789.5 Comet ...........................: 325.0 247.7 243.1 Ekuanot R, HBC 366 .... : 871.0 875.1 620.0 El Dorado R ........... : 1,299.8 892.7 882.8 Elani R, YQH 1320 ..... : 146.6 130.3 159.6 Eureka! TM ............ : 1,880.4 1,494.0 1,122.8 HBC 682 .........................: 4,523.2 4,962.4 4,993.1 Helios TM, HS15619 .... : 1,743.4 2,771.8 (D) Idaho 7 R ............. : 453.2 389.7 386.4 Krush TM, HBC 586 ..... : (NA) (NA) 749.7 : Loral R, HBC 291 ...... : 320.2 191.5 (D) Mosaic R, HBC 369 ..... : 7,303.0 5,060.6 5,076.0 Mt. Hood ........................: (D) (D) 34.3 Mt. Rainier .....................: 430.6 (D) - Palisade R, YCR 4 ..... : 589.7 695.5 (D) Pekko R, ADHA-871 ..... : 2,423.4 (D) 1,044.2 Sabro R, HBC 438 ...... : 615.9 489.0 496.7 Simcoe R, YCR 14 ...... : 5,360.3 4,387.1 4,451.9 Super Galena TM ....... : 1,051.4 1,037.0 654.0 Tahoma ..........................: 611.8 160.8 - : Talus R, HBC 692 ...... : 289.1 177.1 388.2 Warrior R, YCR 5 ...... : 306.4 253.3 (D) Willamette ......................: 193.2 228.4 294.7 Experimental ....................: 1,064.9 790.8 589.6 : Other varieties 1/ ..............: 3,765.5 4,432.1 7,225.6 : Total ...........................: 76,559.8 64,134.1 62,088.3 : United States ................ : 104,042.5 87,072.2 83,143.4 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. (D)Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NANot available. (X)Not applicable. R Registered TM Trademark 1/ Includes data withheld to avoid disclosure of individual operations and varieties not listed. Hop Organic Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - United States: 2023-2025 ----------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area : Yield : Year : harvested : per : Production : : acre : ----------------------------------------------------------------------- : acres pounds 1,000 pounds : 2023 .........: 634 1,679 1,064.5 2024 .........: 482 1,355 652.9 2025 .........: 409 1,615 660.7 ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Mint for Oil Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Crop - States and United States: 2023-2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Crop, State, : Area harvested : Yield per acre and variety :----------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------- 1,000 acres ------- --------- pounds --------- : Peppermint : Idaho ..............: 12.1 10.5 9.8 92 113 112 Indiana 1/ .........: 2.9 (NA) (NA) 61 (NA) (NA) Oregon .............: 8.0 7.0 7.0 84 77 102 Washington .........: 5.7 5.4 6.1 112 117 108 : United States ......: 28.7 22.9 22.9 91 103 108 : Spearmint : Idaho ..............: 0.7 0.9 (D) 123 120 (D) Indiana ............: 1.6 1.7 1.9 59 64 79 Oregon .............: 2.3 1.4 (D) 134 144 (D) Washington .........: 7.4 6.3 6.8 144 149 151 Native ............: 6.1 5.4 5.6 146 157 162 Scotch ............: 1.3 0.9 1.2 137 101 102 : Other States 2/ ....: - - 2.9 (X) (X) 148 : United States ......: 12.0 10.3 11.6 130 132 139 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Crop, State, : Production and variety :----------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 pounds : Peppermint : Idaho ..............: 1,113 1,187 1,098 Indiana 1/ .........: 177 (NA) (NA) Oregon .............: 672 539 714 Washington .........: 638 632 659 : United States ......: 2,600 2,358 2,471 : Spearmint : Idaho ..............: 86 108 (D) Indiana ............: 94 109 150 Oregon .............: 308 202 (D) Washington .........: 1,069 939 1,029 Native ............: 891 848 907 Scotch ............: 178 91 122 : Other States 2/ ....: - - 430 : United States ......: 1,557 1,358 1,609 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Estimates discontinued in 2024. 2/ Includes data withheld above. Maple Syrup Taps, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023-2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Acreage : Number of taps : Yield per tap : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 :2024 1/: 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : -------- acres ------- ----- 1,000 taps ----- ------ gallons ------ --- 1,000 gallons --- : Connecticut 1/ ...: (NA) 2,800 2,300 (NA) 60 61 (NA) 0.186 0.148 (NA) 11 9 Indiana 1/ .......: (NA) 3,300 4,000 (NA) 95 90 (NA) 0.228 0.272 (NA) 22 24 Maine ............: (NA) 21,500 19,900 1,880 1,900 1,760 0.250 0.369 0.312 470 701 549 Massachusetts 1/ .: (NA) 4,600 4,500 (NA) 200 190 (NA) 0.244 0.248 (NA) 49 47 Michigan .........: (NA) 11,300 9,800 620 650 680 0.330 0.308 0.298 205 200 203 Minnesota 1/ .....: (NA) 3,700 3,200 (NA) 96 77 (NA) 0.271 0.308 (NA) 26 24 New Hampshire ....: (NA) 11,200 11,500 490 520 520 0.303 0.286 0.292 148 149 152 New York .........: (NA) 60,000 55,500 2,500 2,800 2,700 0.300 0.302 0.307 750 846 829 Ohio 1/ ..........: (NA) 12,300 10,200 (NA) 400 420 (NA) 0.240 0.245 (NA) 96 103 Pennsylvania .....: (NA) 13,700 13,400 780 790 780 0.263 0.231 0.251 205 182 196 : Vermont ..........: (NA) 141,000 140,500 8,100 8,400 8,350 0.322 0.370 0.367 2,608 3,108 3,064 West Virginia 1/ .: (NA) 2,200 2,200 (NA) 70 68 (NA) 0.171 0.215 (NA) 12 15 Wisconsin ........: (NA) 31,100 30,400 1,120 1,140 1,200 0.408 0.402 0.463 457 458 556 : United States ....: (NA) 318,700 307,400 15,490 17,121 16,896 0.313 0.342 0.342 4,843 5,860 5,771 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. 1/ Estimates began in 2024. Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2024 and 2025 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2025 crop year] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area planted : Area harvested Crop :----------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres : Grains and hay : Barley .............................: 2,381 2,299 1,885 1,761 Corn for grain 1/ ..................: 90,909 98,788 83,046 91,258 Corn for silage ....................: (NA) (NA) 6,207 6,208 Hay, all ...........................: (NA) (NA) 49,390 49,557 Alfalfa ..........................: (NA) (NA) 14,612 14,676 All other ........................: (NA) (NA) 34,778 34,881 Oats ...............................: 2,235 2,370 894 944 Proso millet .......................: 481 442 427 397 Rice ...............................: 2,919 2,812 2,871 2,740 Rye ................................: 2,206 2,229 402 341 Sorghum for grain 1/ ...............: 6,315 6,640 5,605 6,020 Sorghum for silage .................: (NA) (NA) 306 448 Wheat, all .........................: 46,274 45,328 38,633 37,241 Winter ...........................: 33,535 33,153 26,207 25,508 Durum ............................: 2,064 2,185 2,036 2,123 Other spring .....................: 10,675 9,990 10,390 9,610 : Oilseeds : Canola .............................: 2,751.5 2,338.5 2,714.0 2,306.0 Cottonseed .........................: (X) (X) (X) (X) Flaxseed ...........................: 148 248 139 234 Mustard seed .......................: 185.3 126.2 177.2 111.8 Peanuts ............................: 1,801.0 1,953.0 1,743.0 1,906.0 Rapeseed ...........................: 17.5 18.6 15.7 16.6 Safflower ..........................: 118.6 116.5 110.0 108.5 Soybeans for beans .................: 87,260 81,215 86,208 80,437 Sunflower ..........................: 720.5 1,288.2 683.3 1,246.2 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops : Cotton, all ........................: 11,183.0 9,282.5 7,805.2 7,804.9 Upland ...........................: 10,976.0 9,141.0 7,604.7 7,666.7 American Pima ....................: 207.0 141.5 200.5 138.2 Sugarbeets .........................: 1,104.8 1,079.0 1,086.2 1,059.8 Sugarcane ..........................: (NA) (NA) 920.0 944.0 Tobacco ............................: (NA) (NA) 165.9 171.3 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas ..........................: 507.0 536.0 495.9 520.3 Dry edible beans ...................: 1,540.0 1,366.0 1,504.2 1,334.6 Dry edible peas ....................: 988.0 1,173.0 959.0 1,063.0 Lentils ............................: 936.0 1,072.0 903.0 949.0 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops ...............................: (NA) (NA) 44.8 41.7 Maple syrup ........................: (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Mushrooms ..........................: (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Peppermint oil .....................: (NA) (NA) 22.9 22.9 Potatoes ...........................: 932.0 902.0 927.0 896.8 Spearmint oil ......................: (NA) (NA) 10.3 11.6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2024 and 2025 (continued) [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2025 crop year] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield per acre : Production Crop :------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------- 1,000 ------- : Grains and hay : Barley ......................bushels: 76.6 80.0 144,442 140,849 Corn for grain ..............bushels: 179.3 186.5 14,891,756 17,020,549 Corn for silage ................tons: 20.2 21.8 125,590 135,540 Hay, all .......................tons: 2.48 2.48 122,462 123,031 Alfalfa ......................tons: 3.41 3.42 49,840 50,213 All other ....................tons: 2.09 2.09 72,622 72,818 Oats ........................bushels: 76.4 73.8 68,335 69,626 Proso millet ................bushels: 32.9 35.9 14,061 14,239 Rice 2/ .........................cwt: 7,753 7,544 222,589 206,707 Rye .........................bushels: 36.6 36.5 14,729 12,459 Sorghum for grain ...........bushels: 61.3 72.6 343,850 436,825 Sorghum for silage .............tons: 13.3 16.4 4,062 7,325 Wheat, all ..................bushels: 51.2 53.3 1,978,697 1,984,537 Winter ....................bushels: 51.7 54.9 1,354,436 1,401,554 Durum .....................bushels: 39.3 40.6 80,051 86,223 Other spring ..............bushels: 52.4 51.7 544,210 496,760 : Oilseeds : Canola .......................pounds: 1,792 2,017 4,863,500 4,650,910 Cottonseed .....................tons: (X) (X) 4,262.0 4,204.0 Flaxseed ....................bushels: 17.4 22.2 2,413 5,202 Mustard seed .................pounds: 578 636 102,420 71,120 Peanuts ......................pounds: 3,723 3,767 6,488,820 7,179,850 Rapeseed .....................pounds: 2,019 2,126 31,705 35,290 Safflower ....................pounds: 1,204 1,319 132,485 143,160 Soybeans for beans ..........bushels: 50.7 53.0 4,374,228 4,261,858 Sunflower ....................pounds: 1,670 1,863 1,141,195 2,321,852 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops : Cotton, all 2/ ................bales: 886 856 14,413.0 13,918.0 Upland 2/ ...................bales: 880 847 13,942.0 13,530.0 American Pima 2/ ............bales: 1,128 1,348 471.0 388.0 Sugarbeets .....................tons: 32.5 33.2 35,316 35,140 Sugarcane ......................tons: 37.4 37.5 34,381 35,361 Tobacco ......................pounds: 1,943 2,093 322,235 358,570 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas 2/ ....................cwt: 1,148 1,315 5,692 6,844 Dry edible beans 2/ .............cwt: 2,081 2,012 31,306 26,855 Dry edible peas 2/ ..............cwt: 1,776 1,738 17,029 18,480 Lentils 2/ ......................cwt: 1,002 1,112 9,049 10,557 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops .........................pounds: 1,944 1,996 87,072.2 83,143.4 Maple syrup .................gallons: (NA) (NA) 5,860 5,771 Mushrooms ....................pounds: (NA) (NA) 658,604 669,930 Peppermint oil ...............pounds: 103 108 2,358 2,471 Potatoes ........................cwt: 454 460 421,172 412,860 Spearmint oil ................pounds: 132 139 1,358 1,609 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Area planted for all purposes. 2/ Yield in pounds. Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2024 and 2025 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2025 crop year] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested Crop :------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : hectares : Grains and hay : Barley .............................: 963,570 930,380 762,840 712,660 Corn for grain 1/ ..................: 36,789,960 39,978,520 33,607,890 36,931,200 Corn for silage ....................: (NA) (NA) 2,511,910 2,512,320 Hay, all 2/ ........................: (NA) (NA) 19,987,640 20,055,220 Alfalfa ..........................: (NA) (NA) 5,913,330 5,939,230 All other ........................: (NA) (NA) 14,074,310 14,115,990 Oats ...............................: 904,480 959,120 361,790 382,030 Proso millet .......................: 194,660 178,870 172,800 160,660 Rice ...............................: 1,181,290 1,137,990 1,161,860 1,108,850 Rye ................................: 892,750 902,050 162,690 138,000 Sorghum for grain 1/ ...............: 2,555,620 2,687,140 2,268,290 2,436,230 Sorghum for silage .................: (NA) (NA) 123,840 181,300 Wheat, all 2/ ......................: 18,726,630 18,343,790 15,634,390 15,071,060 Winter ...........................: 13,571,280 13,416,690 10,605,710 10,322,830 Durum ............................: 835,280 884,250 823,950 859,160 Other spring .....................: 4,320,070 4,042,850 4,204,730 3,889,070 : Oilseeds : Canola .............................: 1,113,500 946,370 1,098,330 933,220 Cottonseed .........................: (X) (X) (X) (X) Flaxseed ...........................: 59,890 100,360 56,250 94,700 Mustard seed .......................: 74,990 51,070 71,710 45,240 Peanuts ............................: 728,850 790,360 705,370 771,340 Rapeseed ...........................: 7,080 7,530 6,350 6,720 Safflower ..........................: 48,000 47,150 44,520 43,910 Soybeans for beans .................: 35,313,250 32,866,900 34,887,520 32,552,050 Sunflower ..........................: 291,580 521,320 276,520 504,320 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops : Cotton, all 2/ .....................: 4,525,650 3,756,530 3,158,690 3,158,560 Upland ...........................: 4,441,880 3,699,270 3,077,550 3,102,640 American Pima ....................: 83,770 57,260 81,140 55,930 Sugarbeets .........................: 447,100 436,660 439,570 428,890 Sugarcane ..........................: (NA) (NA) 372,310 382,030 Tobacco ............................: (NA) (NA) 67,120 69,320 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas ..........................: 205,180 216,910 200,690 210,560 Dry edible beans ...................: 623,220 552,810 608,730 540,100 Dry edible peas ....................: 399,830 474,700 388,100 430,190 Lentils ............................: 378,790 433,830 365,440 384,050 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops ...............................: (NA) (NA) 18,130 16,860 Maple syrup ........................: (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Mushrooms ..........................: (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Peppermint oil .....................: (NA) (NA) 9,270 9,270 Potatoes ...........................: 377,170 365,030 375,150 362,930 Spearmint oil ......................: (NA) (NA) 4,170 4,690 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2024 and 2025 (continued) [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2025 crop year] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield per hectare : Production Crop :----------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : metric tons : Grains and hay : Barley .................................: 4.12 4.30 3,144,850 3,066,620 Corn for grain .........................: 11.26 11.71 378,268,030 432,341,860 Corn for silage ........................: 45.36 48.94 113,933,330 122,959,820 Hay, all 2/ ............................: 5.56 5.57 111,095,660 111,611,850 Alfalfa ..............................: 7.65 7.67 45,214,090 45,552,470 All other ............................: 4.68 4.68 65,881,570 66,059,380 Oats ...................................: 2.74 2.65 991,880 1,010,620 Proso millet ...........................: 1.85 2.01 318,900 322,930 Rice ...................................: 8.69 8.46 10,096,470 9,376,070 Rye ....................................: 2.30 2.29 374,130 316,470 Sorghum for grain ......................: 3.85 4.55 8,734,190 11,095,870 Sorghum for silage .....................: 29.76 36.65 3,684,980 6,645,130 Wheat, all 2/ ..........................: 3.44 3.58 53,851,310 54,010,250 Winter ...............................: 3.48 3.70 36,861,710 38,144,050 Durum ................................: 2.64 2.73 2,178,630 2,346,610 Other spring .........................: 3.52 3.48 14,810,970 13,519,590 : Oilseeds : Canola .................................: 2.01 2.26 2,206,050 2,109,620 Cottonseed .............................: (X) (X) 3,866,420 3,813,800 Flaxseed ...............................: 1.09 1.40 61,290 132,140 Mustard seed ...........................: 0.65 0.71 46,460 32,260 Peanuts ................................: 4.17 4.22 2,943,280 3,256,730 Rapeseed ...............................: 2.26 2.38 14,380 16,010 Safflower ..............................: 1.35 1.48 60,090 64,940 Soybeans for beans .....................: 3.41 3.56 119,046,980 115,988,770 Sunflower ..............................: 1.87 2.09 517,640 1,053,170 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops : Cotton, all 2/ .........................: 0.99 0.96 3,138,060 3,030,290 Upland ...............................: 0.99 0.95 3,035,510 2,945,810 American Pima ........................: 1.26 1.51 102,550 84,480 Sugarbeets .............................: 72.88 74.33 32,038,140 31,878,470 Sugarcane ..............................: 83.77 83.97 31,189,920 32,078,960 Tobacco ................................: 2.18 2.35 146,160 162,640 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas ..............................: 1.29 1.47 258,180 310,440 Dry edible beans .......................: 2.33 2.26 1,420,020 1,218,120 Dry edible peas ........................: 1.99 1.95 772,420 838,240 Lentils ................................: 1.12 1.25 410,460 478,860 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops ...................................: 2.18 2.24 39,500 37,710 Maple syrup ............................: (NA) (NA) 29,300 28,860 Mushrooms ..............................: (NA) (NA) 298,740 303,870 Peppermint oil .........................: 0.12 0.12 1,070 1,120 Potatoes ...............................: 50.92 51.60 19,104,040 18,727,020 Spearmint oil ..........................: 0.15 0.16 620 730 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Area planted for all purposes. 2/ Total may not add due to rounding. 2025 Annual Weather Summary Highlights: The year began with La Niña-esque conditions and ended with a weak La Niña underway, contributing to elevated drought coverage in the United States both early and late in the year. According to the U.S. Drought Monitor, national drought coverage across the Lower 48 States peaked for the year at 46.12 percent on November 18, with coverage remaining above 40 percent each week from September 16 through the end of the year. An earlier drought peak occurred on March 25, 2025, at 44.68 percent, with coverage topping 40 percent on February 4, 11, and each week from February 25 - April 1. Minimum drought coverage, 29.58 percent, occurred on June 3. National drought coverage fell below 30 percent for just 4 weeks during 2025: June 3 and 10, along with August 5 and 12. La Niña's official return occurred during September, and by late in the year, the National Weather Service (NWS) indicated that "the coupled ocean-atmosphere system remain[ed] consistent with La Niña." Often, La Niña nudges drought coverage in the United States higher during the autumn, winter, and spring, particularly across the Nation's southern tier, while elevating the odds of episodic storminess and cold outbreaks in the North. Atlantic Basin hurricane activity during 2025 was on the low end of NWS expectations, which in May called for 13 to 19 named storms and six to ten hurricanes. Ultimately, there was 13 Atlantic Basin tropical cyclones, of which only five became hurricanes. Notably, there was not a single landfalling hurricane in the United States 2025, compared with five strikes (Hurricanes Beryl, Debby, Francine, Helene, and Milton) in 2024. Despite the lack of hurricanes striking the United States, there were some tropical impacts. The remnants of Tropical Storm Barry-infused with additional atmospheric moisture originating over eastern Pacific Ocean-contributed to the Nation's deadliest flash flood in 49 years. With at least 135 fatalities in south-central Texas at the start of Independence Day weekend-largely in the Kerr County portion of the Guadalupe River watershed-the rapidly unfolding flood rivaled the Big Thompson River disaster in Colorado on July 31, 1976. Interestingly, the eastern Pacific Ocean had an unexpectedly active tropical season in 2025, with 18 named storms and ten hurricane. Nearly two-thirds of the eastern Pacific tropical cyclones passed near, or directly impacted, the Pacific Coast of Mexico. During the late summer and autumn of 2025, some of the eastern Pacific tropical moisture was drawn northward across the western United States, contributing to unusually heavy showers and localized drought relief. The tropical showers also helped to suppress the 2025 Western wildfire season, leading to just over 5 million acres of burned vegetation, nationally, versus the 10-year average of more than 7.4 million acres. Months earlier, however, the costliest wildfire outbreak in the Nation's history devastated parts of southern California in January 2025. Specifically, the Eaton and Palisades Fires scorched less than 40,000 acres but collectively destroyed more than 16,000 structures, resulting in at least 30 fatalities and more than $60 billion in estimated damage. Severe thunderstorms were a common occurrence during the first half 2025, with the NWS cataloguing more than 1,500 tornadoes for the year. Across the country, there were two dozen deadly tornadoes from February 6-June 22, resulting in 68 fatalities. The year's deadliest tornado (19 deaths) struck Kentucky on May 16, with 17 of the fatalities occurring in Laurel County. Tornado activity peaked from March to June, with preliminary monthly tornado counts of 300, 352, 332, and 252, respectively. This year marked only sixth year with more than 1,500 tornadoes in the United States, following 2004, 2008, 2011, 2019, and 2024. In early August, only 3 percent of both the Nation's corn and soybean production areas were considered to be in drought, based on an overlay of 2022 Census of Agriculture data from USDA and the U.S. Drought Monitor. By October 21, those values had risen to 32 percent for corn and 39 percent for soybeans. However, given the late onset of drought, many Midwestern summer crops escaped with only minor impacts during the filling stage of development. Consequently, record-high yields were observed for both crops; in the case of soybeans, the previous national record of 51.9 bushels per acre had been set in 2016. Late in the year, there were several notable weather developments. First, a post-Thanksgiving storm blitzed the Midwest with heavy snow, leading to the snowiest November day (on the 29th) on record in locations such as Chicago, Illinois (8.4 inches), and Madison, Wisconsin (9.3 inches). The snow stayed on the ground for a couple of weeks, as Midwestern temperatures during the first half of December broadly averaged more than 10°F below normal. However, during the second half of December, a sudden and protracted warm spell caused snow coverage to retreat northward and boosted monthly temperatures more than 10°F above normal from the northern Great Basin to the central High Plains. The late-year warmth was fueled by an onslaught of Pacific storminess, which led to flooding in several areas, including western Washington and parts of California. Overall, 2025 was one of the warmest years on record, propelled by the Nation's second-warmest spring (behind only 2012 and tied with 1910) and third-warmest autumn (behind 2016 and 2024). Winter 2024-25: Courtesy of a very warm December and a dry January, the Lower 48 States experienced an overall mild, dry winter. However, spatial details revealed a much more complex scenario, highlighted by persistently warm, dry weather in the Southwest; episodic cold outbreaks in the central and eastern United States, as well as the Northwest; and a lack of winter snowfall in many areas from the northern Plains to the northern Atlantic Coast, including the western Corn Belt. Northern "snow drought" stood in stark contrast to several Southern snowstorms, including epic accumulations on January 21 along the Gulf Coast. In southern California, warm, windy weather-in the wake of a pair of winters with abundant precipitation and robust vegetative growth-culminated in disastrous and apocalyptic wildfires, starting on January 7, 2025. Following a protracted wait, La Niña finally developed-albeit weakly-in time to influence winter weather patterns across North America. Southwestern warmth and dryness, as well as occasionally sharp cold waves in the central and eastern United States, were consistent with a La Niña-driven regime. La Niña also likely influenced Western precipitation patterns, leading to a sharp gradient between Southwestern dryness and robust storminess extending eastward from Oregon and northern California. By the end of winter, there were two main areas of drought concern across the western and central United States, with one focused from southern California to western and southern Texas, and the other covering portions of the northern Plains and upper Midwest. Among states comprising the Rockies and Plains, topsoil moisture rated very short to short at the end of February-as reported by USDA/NASS-ranged from 35 percent in Kansas to 83 percent in South Dakota. Trailing South Dakota were New Mexico (79 percent very short to short), Nebraska (71 percent), Texas (64 percent), Wyoming (64 percent), and Colorado (58 percent). Overwintering conditions were decidedly mixed for wheat, which had struggled with widespread dryness during the autumn establishment season. Among major winter wheat production states on the Plains, South Dakota led at the end of February with 42 percent of the crop rated in very poor to poor condition, followed by Nebraska (38 percent) and Texas (33 percent). Winter wheat in Texas further deteriorated in early spring amid warmth, howling winds, and blowing dust, leaving 40 percent of the crop rated very poor to poor by March 9. According to the U.S. Drought Monitor, drought coverage stood at 44.41 percent of the Lower 48 States on March 4, 2025, virtually unchanged from 43.64 percent on December 3, 2024. Coverage had briefly dipped below 37 percent for 2 weeks in January. However, coverage of extreme to exceptional drought-D3 to D4-increased from 4.65 to 7.19 percent between December 3 and March 4, mostly reflecting worsening conditions in parts of the Southwest. Spring: On the strength of consistently above-normal temperatures, featuring the sixth-warmest March, 14th-warmest April, and 26th-warmest May, the continental United States experienced its second-warmest spring on record. Embedded within the overall warmth were a few early-season heat waves, especially in the West. Impacts of the Western warmth included prematurely melting snowpack and reduced optimism for summer water supplies, with storage potential lost due to factors such as sublimation of snow (loss of moisture directly into the air) and absorption of water by "thirsty" soils, along with a potential lengthening of the wildfire season. Farther east, however, spring warmth favored a rapid pace of development for winter grains and newly planted crops. Warm weather also promoted pasture growth in areas not experiencing significant drought. By June 1, pastures were rated at least one-half in good to excellent condition in every state from the Mississippi Valley eastward, except Florida, Maryland, and Virginia. Meanwhile, rangeland and pastures with very poor to poor ratings above the national value of 33 percent were confined to a handful of drought-affected states: Nevada (90 percent), Arizona (85 percent), Nebraska (56 percent), Montana (53 percent), New Mexico (47 percent), and Texas (34 percent). Despite increasingly wet weather as spring progressed in parts of the central and eastern United States, producers took advantage of early fieldwork openings to quickly plant most crops. Another factor in faster-than-normal spring planting was the fact that national drought coverage had peaked above 50 percent in autumn 2024-and had been above 40 percent as recently as April 1, 2025. Consequently, some of the spring rainfall went into replenishing the soil moisture profile, with rapid surface drying often observed between rain events. However, there were some notable exceptions, mainly from the mid-South into the lower Midwest, where some producers were unable to plant. By June 1, topsoil moisture was rated at least 40 percent surplus in Alabama, Arkansas, and Mississippi, as well as several Northeastern States. Only 66 percent of the Nation's intended cotton acreage had been planted by June 1, behind the 5-year average of 69 percent. Cotton planting progress on that date was particularly slow in Mississippi (54 percent, versus the 5-year average of 87 percent) and Alabama (67 percent versus 88 percent). According to the U.S. Drought Monitor, drought coverage stood at 29.58 percent of the Lower 48 States on June 3, 2025, down nearly 15 percentage points from 44.41 percent on March 4. When national drought coverage fell below 30 percent on June 3, it marked the first such occurrence since September 3, 2024, exactly 9 months earlier. Still, a core drought area covered much of the Southwest, extending across portions of the northern Plains and upper Midwest. By early June, extreme to exceptional drought (D3 to D4) was noted across parts of ten states, including 55 percent of Arizona, 46 percent of New Mexico, 19 percent of Texas, and 18 percent of Arizona. As spring ended, a notable, short-term drying trend was underway in the Northwest, reflected by USDA/NASS topsoil moisture rated very short to short in Oregon increasing from 15 to 52 percent during the 5-week period ending June 1. Summer: According to the U.S. Drought Monitor, drought coverage across the Lower 48 States increased from 29.58 to 34.72 percent-more than 5 percentage points-between June 3 and September 2, 2025. However, worsening drought from the Pacific Northwest to the Intermountain West was partially offset by improving conditions in Florida, western and southern Texas, and an area stretching from the northern and central Plains into the upper Midwest. Mid- to late-summer "flash drought" resulted in rapidly deteriorating conditions-including soil moisture depletion-from the mid-South into the Northeast, including much of the Ohio Valley. By September 2, nine percent of the national corn production area and 16 percent of the soybeans were considered to be in drought, up from August 5 values of 3 percent for both crops. In fact, among major row crops, only barley and spring wheat were significantly affected by widespread drought, owing to lingering impacts on the northern High Plains and emerging impacts in the Northwest. On July 22, barley production area in drought peaked at 62 percent, while spring wheat in drought topped out at 43 percent. Late-summer rainfall in the barley and spring wheat production areas arrived too late to significantly benefit the crops. In the final barley condition report of the year, on August 24, fifty-seven percent of Washington's crop was rated in very poor to poor condition, along with 41 percent in Montana. Similarly, 53 percent of Washington's spring wheat was rated very poor to poor on that date, along with 49 percent in Montana. In contrast, 69 percent of the Nation's corn was rated good to excellent at the end of August, highest for that time of year since 2016. Tropical activity was rather infrequent during the first half of the Atlantic hurricane season. From June to August, there were only six named tropical cyclones in the Atlantic Basin. Only one of the cyclones-Erin-became a hurricane. Erin never made landfall during a lengthy life cycle, but-as a Category 4/5 storm-passed less than 150 miles north of the northern U.S. Virgin Islands and northeastern Puerto Rico on August 16-17. By August 21, a weakening Erin curved about 200 miles east of North Carolina's Outer Bank. Among the six cyclones, only Tropical Storm Chantal made landfall in the United States (in South Carolina on July 6), although Barry-which made landfall as a tropical depression on the Mexican Gulf Coast on June 29-later contributed to catastrophic flooding in the Guadalupe River basin of south-central Texas. That deluge, which led to at least 135 fatalities and became the Nation's deadliest flash flood since 1976, was the worst of a summer-long series of flash-flood events. A partial listing of locations affected by other notable flash floods included San Antonio, Texas, on June 12; Wheeling, West Virginia, on June 14-15; parts of north-central North Carolina (associated with the remnants of Chantal) on July 7; Ruidoso, New Mexico, on July 8 and 30; Milwaukee, Wisconsin, on August 9-10; and Chattanooga, Tennessee, on August 12. Tornado activity seasonally waned during the summer. However, there were more than 250 June tornadoes, based on preliminary information, along with approximately 4,000 reports of damaging winds. One of June's most dramatic severe-weather events was a derecho that traversed the north-central United States on the night of June 20-21, starting in southeastern Montana before tearing across the entire length of North Dakota with winds as high as 100 mph, later winding down across the upper Great Lakes region. July and August combined for fewer than 150 tornadoes. Still, the first 8 months of 2025 featured more than 1,400 tornadoes, seemingly within reach of the 2004 annual record of 1,817. Besides 2004, more than 1,500 tornadoes were reported in only four other years: 2008, 2011, 2019, and 2024. Autumn: According to the U.S. Drought Monitor, drought coverage across the Lower 48 States increased from 34.72 to 41.42 percent-nearly 7 percentage points-between September 2 and December 2, 2025. Autumn drought coverage twice peaked slightly above 46 percent, on October 21 and November 18. A regional glance at changing drought coverage showed significant autumn improvement in the western United States, as well as parts of the mid-South and lower Midwest. However, worsening drought was observed in many areas, including northern Montana and much of the Deep South, along with portions of the Midwest and East. In October, during the harvest season, as much as 32 percent of the Nation's corn production area and 39 percent of the soybeans were considered to be in drought. For both crops, those values had been as low as 3 percent in early August. In contrast, beneficial autumn precipitation across the central Plains helped to reduce coverage of drought in the Nation's winter wheat production area from 45 to 35 percent between October 14 and December 2. In the final USDA/NASS Crop Progress report of the season, dated November 23, nearly one-half (48 percent) of the Nation's winter wheat was rated in good to excellent condition, while 17 percent was rated very poor to poor. In top producer Kansas, 62 percent of the wheat was rated good to excellent on that date. Very poor to poor winter wheat ratings, largely due to drought, were above the national value of 17 percent in only three states: Texas (36 percent very poor to poor), Montana (29 percent), and Oklahoma (24 percent). The United States weathered the 2025 Atlantic tropical season without a hurricane strike. The season ended with 13 Atlantic tropical cyclones, of which five became hurricanes. Seven of the cyclones formed during meteorological autumn, starting with Gabrielle on September 17 and ending with Melissa, which became one of the strongest landfalling Atlantic Basin hurricanes on record while striking southwestern Jamaica on October 28. In late September, Hurricanes Humberto and Imelda passed close enough to the southern and middle Atlantic Coast to generate large swells and heavy surf, leading to rip currents and beach erosion. Meanwhile, very active tropical weather prevailed over the eastern Pacific Ocean, where there were 18 tropical cyclones and 10 hurricanes. More than half of the tropical cyclones passed close to, or directly affected, the Pacific Coast of Mexico, starting with Alvin in late May and ending with Priscilla and Raymond in early October. Remnant moisture from several of the eastern Pacific tropical cyclones was drawn into the western United States, contributing to unusually heavy autumn rainfall. East of the Rockies, long stretches of drier-than-normal weather promoted summer crop maturation and harvesting, as well as winter wheat planting. However, dryness also adversely affected some rangeland and pastures, and reduced soil moisture availability for newly planted winter grains and cover crops. In the final report of the season, on September 28, more than one-third (35 percent) of the Nation's rangeland and pastures were rated in very poor condition, with values topping 40 percent in all five Northwestern States, led by Montana (60 percent very poor to poor). Very poor to poor pasture ratings above 40 percent were also noted a few Midwestern States, including Illinois (51 percent) and Ohio (48 percent). December: Across the continental United States, December featured an ongoing battle between frigid air arriving from northwestern North America and seemingly endless Pacific warmth and storminess. Temperature patterns exhibited the struggle, with significantly colder-than-normal conditions in the Great Lakes and Northeastern States contrasting with record-setting warmth extending from parts of the West to the High Plains. In fact, monthly temperatures averaged at least 10°F above normal in numerous locations from the interior Northwest and northern Great Basin to the central High Plains. Conversely, readings broadly averaged at least 5°F below normal from the upper Great Lakes region into the Northeast. The mean dividing line between cold and warm air generally stretched from northeastern Montana to the southern Appalachians. Due to consistently cold Midwestern conditions early in the month, snow that had fallen in late November was slow to melt. In fact, snow coverage across the Lower 48 States topped 40 percent each day from December 3-6, as fresh snow briefly expanded coverage into portions of the central and southern Plains, mid-South, and mid-Atlantic. However, as milder air gradually spread northeastward, national snow coverage fell below 30 percent by December 16 and below 20 percent by December 21, according to the National Weather Service. Given the overarching December warmth across the western United States, high-elevation snow accumulations were largely inadequate, leaving only the northern Rockies with near- or above-average snowpack as 2026 began. In the Sierra Nevada, the average snow-water equivalency increased from around an inch in mid-December to 6.5 inches (about two-thirds of normal for the date) at the end of the month, according to the California Department of Water Resources, courtesy of holiday-week storms that delivered low-elevation downpours and less-than-optimal amounts of mountain snow. Western precipitation-albeit widespread and frequently heavy-generally shifted southward as the month progressed. Consequently, flooding initially struck western Washington-peaking on or about December 10-before extending as far south as southern California just prior to the holidays. Christmas Eve featured more than 4 inches of rain in southern California communities such as Sandberg and Santa Barbara, with the latter location experiencing its wettest December day on record. However, there was a sharp divide between December storminess across the northern Plains and much of the West, and very dry conditions from the Four Corners region to the central and southern Plains and the mid-South. Aside from heavy precipitation in southern sections of California and the Great Basin, the December precipitation distribution was loosely consistent with weak La Niña conditions, which have been present since early autumn. During the 4-week period ending December 30, drought coverage across the Lower 48 States was nearly steady, ranging from 40 to 43 percent, according to the U.S. Drought Monitor. The year ended with 16 consecutive weeks featuring national drought coverage of 40 percent or greater. During December, general decreases in coverage across the Pacific Coast States, northern Rockies, and southern Great Basin contrasted with worsening drought from portions of the southern Plains to the southern Appalachians. Other areas, including the Midwest and East, experienced a mix of December drought improvement and deterioration. In drought-affected areas of the country, agricultural impacts included poor rangeland and pasture conditions, as well as low streamflow and reduced surface water supplies. In the Southeast, a late-month cold snap resulted in additional pasture concerns, as hard freezes may have burned back any recent grass growth related to record-setting warmth. Despite the late-month cool spell, freezes did not reach into key winter agricultural regions of peninsular Florida and Deep South Texas. However, by the morning of January 1, 2026, frost and light freezes were briefly reported as far south as Florida's Lake Okeechobee. Farther west, the Plains' winter wheat lacked a protective snow cover, although the absence of extreme cold in most production areas prevented major crop concerns. Amid December wetness, winter wheat-related drought concerns eased in Montana. Conversely, portions of the southern Plains' wheat production area remained quite dry. 2025 Annual Crop Summary April: April was warmer than normal for most of the Nation, with temperatures exceeding average readings by 2°F or more across the Southeast, the Mississippi Delta, and Texas. Only small areas of the West and the upper Great Lakes States had below-normal temperatures. Meanwhile, precipitation was nearly non-existent in the Southwest and below normal across most of the Pacific Coast, Rockies, and Atlantic Coast. The Corn Belt had mostly near-normal precipitation, while a band extending from New Mexico through the southern Great Plains, and southern Corn Belt received more than twice the normal precipitation. Toward the end of April, weather conditions influenced both planting progress and crop development, allowing certain crops to advance beyond the 5-year average pace. By April 27, corn planting progress reached 24 percent, 1 percentage point behind last year but 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Five percent of the corn crop had emerged, 1 percentage point behind last year but 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. Winter wheat heading reached 27 percent, 1 percentage point behind last year but 5 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Cotton planting was 15 percent complete, 1 percentage point ahead of both last year and the 5-year average. Sorghum planting reached 21 percent, 2 percentage points ahead of both last year and the 5-year average. Rice seeding was 64 percent complete, 14 percentage points behind the previous year but 13 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Rice emerged was 42 percent, 4 percentage points behind last year but 11 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Oat acreage was 61 percent planted, equal to last year but 8 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Thirty-seven percent of the oat crop had emerged, 4 percentage points behind the previous year but 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Barley planting was 37 percent complete, 4 percentage points ahead of last year and 8 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Spring wheat was 30 percent seeded, 1 percentage point behind last year but 9 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Peanut planting reached 8 percent, equal to last year but 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. Sugarbeet planting was 54 percent complete, 6 percentage points behind last year but 16 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. May: May brought a mix of weather conditions for agriculture in the United States. A large part of the Atlantic Coast States recorded above-normal precipitation, limiting the number of days suitable for fieldwork. The Delta region experienced excessive rainfall, restricting fieldwork and delaying planting activities in some areas. Fieldwork delays due to rain were also reported in parts of the Ohio Valley. Rainfall contributed to drought relief in parts of the Great Plains during the second half of the month. In contrast, dry conditions prevailed in the Pacific Northwest and Southwest. Florida and parts of Texas experienced unusually high temperatures during May. Toward the end of May, these varied weather conditions influenced both planting progress and crop development, with some crops advancing ahead of the 5-year average while others faced delays. By May 25, corn planting progress reached 87 percent, 6 percentage points ahead of last year and 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Sixty-seven percent of the corn crop had emerged, 12 percentage points ahead of last year and 7 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Soybean planting progress reached 76 percent, 10 percentage points ahead of last year and 8 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Fifty percent of the soybean crop had emerged, 13 percentage points ahead of last year and 10 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Winter wheat heading was 75 percent, 1 percentage point behind last year but 5 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Cotton planting progress was 52 percent complete, 5 percentage points behind last year and 4 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Three percent of the cotton crop had reached the squaring stage, 1 percentage point behind both last year and the 5-year average. Sorghum planting progress reached 39 percent, 2 percentage points behind last year but 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. Rice seeding was 93 percent complete, 2 percentage points behind last year but equal to the 5-year average. Eighty-two percent of the rice crop had emerged, equal to last year but 5 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Eighty-one percent of the oat crop had emerged, 5 percentage points ahead of last year and 6 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Twenty-nine percent of the oat crop had headed, 1 percentage point ahead of last year and 4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Barley was 82 percent planted, 5 percentage points behind last year and 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Fifty-eight percent of the barley crop had emerged, 2 percentage points behind last year but equal to the 5-year average. Eighty-seven percent of the spring wheat crop was seeded by May 25, equal to last year but 7 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Sixty percent of the spring wheat crop had emerged, 2 percentage points ahead of the previous year and 7 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Peanut planting reached 69 percent, 4 percentage points ahead of last year and 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Sunflower planting progress was 24 percent, 7 percentage points ahead of last year and 6 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. June: June brought warmer-than-normal temperatures across key agricultural regions in the United States. In parts of the Pacific Northwest and Southwest, temperatures were 2° to 6°F above average. Much of the Ohio Valley also experienced above-normal June temperatures. Meanwhile, the Pacific Northwest remained dry, while precipitation was near or above average across much of the United States. The central and southern Great Plains recorded mostly above-normal precipitation, with some areas receiving up to 6 inches more than average. The lower Mississippi Valley and Tennessee Valley also saw above-normal precipitation in June. In contrast, northern and much of eastern Florida experienced unusually dry conditions. Toward the end of June, these weather conditions influenced planting progress and crop development, with some crops advancing ahead of the 5-year average while others lagged behind. By June 29, eight percent of the corn crop had reached the silking stage, 2 percentage points behind last year but 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Ninety-four percent of the soybean crop had emerged, equal to last year but 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Seventeen percent of the soybean crop was blooming, 1 percentage point behind last year but 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. Three percent of the soybean crop had begun setting pods, equal to last year but 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. Winter wheat harvested reached 37 percent, 15 percentage points behind last year and 5 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Cotton planting was 95 percent complete, 2 percentage points behind last year and 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Forty percent of the cotton crop had reached the squaring stage, 1 percentage point behind last year but 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Nine percent of the Nation's cotton crop had begun setting bolls, 2 percentage points behind last year but equal to the 5-year average. Sorghum planting progress reached 92 percent, 3 percentage points behind last year and 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Eighteen percent of the sorghum had reached the headed stage, 1 percentage point behind last year and 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Nineteen percent of the rice crop had reached the headed stage, 2 percentage points ahead of last year and 5 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Seventy-four percent of the oat crop had headed, 2 percentage points ahead of both last year and the 5-year average. Thirty-five percent of the Nation's barley had reached the headed stage, 1 percentage point ahead of last year but 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Ninety-six percent of the spring wheat crop had emerged by June 29, four percentage points behind both last year and the 5-year average. Thirty-eight percent of the spring wheat crop had reached the headed stage, 3 percentage points ahead of last year and 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. Forty-one percent of the peanut crop had reached the pegging stage, 1 percentage point behind last year but 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Sunflower planting was 97 percent complete, 1 percentage point ahead of both last year and the 5-year average. July: July brought mixed conditions across key agricultural regions in the United States. Temperatures remained near normal in the northern and central Great Plains, while portions of the southern Great Plains experienced below-normal temperatures. Much of the eastern United States recorded temperatures ranging from 2° to 6°F above normal for the month. The Southwest recorded near-normal temperatures, while parts of the Pacific Northwest were warmer than normal. Drier conditions prevailed across most of the Southwest, as well as parts of the lower Mississippi Valley and northern Atlantic Coast States. In contrast, western and central parts of the Corn Belt, central Texas, northern Rockies, and Cascades received precipitation, with some locations recording up to 400 percent of normal for the month. Toward the end of July, these weather conditions influenced crop development and harvest progress, with some crops advancing ahead of the 5-year average while others lagged behind. By July 27, seventy-six percent of the corn crop had reached the silking stage, 1 percentage point ahead of last year but 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Twenty-six percent of the corn crop was at the dough stage, 2 percentage points behind last year but 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Seventy-six percent of the soybean crop had reached the blooming stage, 1 percentage point ahead of last year but equal to the 5-year average. Forty-one percent of the soybean crop had begun setting pods, 1 percentage point behind both last year and the 5-year average. Winter wheat harvested reached 80 percent, 1 percentage point behind both last year and the 5-year average. Eighty percent of the cotton crop had reached the squaring stage, 6 percentage points behind last year and 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Forty-four percent of the cotton crop was setting bolls, 8 percentage points behind last year and 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Thirty-nine percent of the sorghum had reached the headed stage by July 27, six percentage points behind last year and 4 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Twenty-one percent of the sorghum crop had reached the coloring stage, 1 percentage point behind last year but equal to the 5-year average. Rice heading advanced to 63 percent, 6 percentage points behind last year but 10 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Oat harvest progress reached 29 percent, 4 percentage points behind last year and 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Eighty percent of the barley crop had headed, 8 percentage points behind last year and 14 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Barley harvested was 1 percent by July 27, one percentage point behind last year and 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Spring wheat was at 92 percent heading, 1 percentage point behind last year and 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Spring wheat harvested was 1 percent, equal to last year but 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Peanut pegging reached 87 percent by July 27, two percentage points ahead of both last year and the 5-year average. August: August brought mixed conditions across key U.S. agricultural regions. Warmer-than-normal temperatures prevailed in much of the Pacific Northwest and Southwest. In contrast, much of the eastern U.S. recorded monthly temperatures ranging from 2 to 4°F below normal. The northern Great Plains and upper Mississippi Valley experienced variable temperatures, with localized areas recording near- to slightly below-normal readings. Meanwhile, much of the middle and northern Atlantic Coast States, Ohio Valley, and middle Mississippi Valley recorded below-normal rainfall, contributing to topsoil moisture depletion. The Pacific Coast and Southwest also experienced drier-than-normal weather. Precipitation varied across the Great Plains and upper Mississippi Valley, with some areas receiving above-normal totals while others remained below normal. Parts of the Southeast received significant rainfall, with some locations recording up to four times the normal amount. Toward the end of August, these weather conditions influenced crop development and harvest progress, with some crops advancing ahead of the 5-year average while others lagged behind. By August 31, ninety percent of the corn crop was at the dough stage, 1 percentage point ahead of last year but 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Fifty-eight percent of the corn crop had reached the dented stage, equal to last year but 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Fifteen percent of the corn crop was mature, 3 percentage points behind last year but 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. Ninety-four percent of the soybean crop had begun setting pods, 1 percentage point ahead of last year but equal to the 5-year average. Eleven percent of the soybean crop had dropped leaves, 1 percentage point behind last year but 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. Ninety percent of the cotton crop was setting bolls, 4 percentage points behind last year and 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Twenty-eight percent of the cotton crop had bolls opening, 7 percentage points behind last year and 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Ninety-four percent of the sorghum had reached the headed stage, equal to both last year and the 5-year average. Fifty-eight percent of the sorghum crop had reached the coloring stage, 2 percentage points behind last year and 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Twenty-eight percent of the sorghum crop was mature, 1 percentage point behind last year but 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Sorghum harvested was 17 percent complete, 2 percentage points behind both last year and the 5-year average. Rice crop was 33 percent harvested, 9 percentage points behind last year but 6 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Oat harvested was at 88 percent, 1 percentage point ahead of last year but 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Barley harvested was 72 percent complete, 1 percentage point ahead of last year but 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Seventy-two percent of the spring wheat acreage had been harvested by August 31, five percentage points ahead of last year and 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. September: Weather conditions varied across major U.S. agricultural regions during September. Temperatures averaged above normal across most of the country, with the Pacific Northwest and northern Rockies recording up to 4°F above normal. In contrast, portions of the Southeast experienced below-normal temperatures. Meanwhile, dryness prevailed across the Northeast, Southeast, Corn Belt, and Delta, while localized rainfall occurred in parts of Kansas, Nebraska, and South Dakota. Other areas of the Great Plains remained dry. The western U.S. experienced above-normal precipitation, particularly in the Southwest and Pacific Northwest. Toward the end of September, these weather conditions influenced crop development and harvest progress, with some crops advancing ahead of the 5-year average while others lagged behind. By September 28, ninety-five percent of the corn crop had reached the dented stage, equal to last year but 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Seventy-one percent of the corn crop was mature, 2 percentage points behind last year and 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Corn harvested was 18 percent complete, 2 percentage points behind last year and 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Seventy-nine percent of the soybean crop had dropped leaves, equal to last year but 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Soybean harvested progress was at 19 percent, 5 percentage points behind last year and 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Sixty-seven percent of the cotton crop had bolls opening, 4 percentage points behind last year and 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Cotton harvested progress was at 16 percent, 3 percentage points behind last year but equal to the 5-year average. Thirty-four percent of the intended 2026 winter wheat was planted by September 28, three percentage points behind last year and 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Thirteen percent of the winter wheat acreage had emerged, equal to last year but 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. Ninety-three percent of the Nation's sorghum crop had reached the coloring stage by September 28, two percentage points behind both last year and the 5-year average. Sixty-one percent of the sorghum crop was mature, 7 percentage points behind last year and 4 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Sorghum harvested progress reached 28 percent, six percentage points behind last year and 4 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Rice crop was 77 percent harvested by September 28, equal to last year but 10 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Peanut harvested was 17 percent complete, 7 percentage points ahead of last year and 4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Sugarbeet crop was 15 percent harvested, equal to last year but 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. November: November brought mixed conditions across key U.S. agricultural regions. Much of the West and the Nation's midsection recorded above-normal November temperatures. Parts of the Rockies and Texas observed monthly temperatures 6°F or more above normal. In contrast, portions of the Great Lakes, Ohio Valley, New England, and Florida recorded temperatures up to 3°F below normal. Meanwhile, drier-than-normal conditions dominated much of the Southeast, while portions of the Southwest and Great Plains received at least twice the normal November precipitation. Toward the end of November, these weather conditions influenced harvest and planting progress across the Nation. By November 23, corn harvested was 96 percent complete, 4 percentage points behind last year and 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Cotton harvested reached 79 percent, 4 percentage points behind last year and 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Winter wheat planting was nearly complete at 97 percent, equal to both last year and the 5-year average. Eighty-seven percent of the winter wheat acreage had emerged, 1 percentage point behind last year and 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Sorghum harvest progress was at 91 percent, 7 percentage points behind last year and 6 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Peanut harvest progress reached 94 percent, 2 percentage points ahead of last year but equal to the 5-year average. Sunflower harvest progress was 86 percent complete by November 23, six percentage points behind last year and 5 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Crop Comments Corn: Corn for grain production in the United States was estimated at a record high 17.0 billion bushels, up 14 percent from the 2024 estimate. The average yield in the United States was estimated at a record high 186.5 bushels per acre, 7.2 bushels above the 2024 yield of 179.3 bushels per acre. Estimated yields in 2025 were up from the previous year across a majority of the Corn Belt. Record high yields were estimated in Georgia, Indiana, Louisiana, Minnesota, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Virginia, Washington, and Wisconsin. Corn planted area, at 98.8 million acres, was up 9 percent from the 2024 estimate. Area harvested for grain was estimated at 91.3 million acres, up 10 percent from the 2024 estimate. The 2025 corn objective yield data indicated the eighth highest number of ears per acre for the combined 10 objective yield States (Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin). Corn silage production was estimated at a record high 136 million tons for 2025, up 8 percent from the 2024 estimate. The United States silage yield was estimated at a record high 21.8 tons per acre, up 1.6 tons from 2024. Record high silage yields were estimated in Delaware, Idaho, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, North Carolina, and Ohio. Area harvested for silage was estimated at 6.21 million acres, up slightly from the 2024 estimate. Record low acres harvested for silage were estimated in Alabama, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and West Virginia. Record high acres harvested for silage were estimated in Idaho and Nevada. Two percent of the Nation's corn crop was planted by April 6, and planting progress reached 97 percent by June 8, which was equal to the 5-year average. Two percent of the Nation's corn acreage had emerged by April 20, and 97 percent of the corn had emerged by June 22, one percentage point behind the 5-year average. By June 22, four percent of the Nation's corn acreage had reached the silking stage, and by August 17, ninety-seven percent had reached the silking stage, one percentage point behind the 5-year average. By July 6, three percent of the corn acreage was at or beyond the dough stage, and by September 7, ninety-five percent of the corn acreage was at or beyond the dough stage, which was equal to the 5-year average. By August 3, six percent of the corn acreage was denting, and by September 28, ninety-five percent of the corn acreage was denting, one percentage point behind the 5-year average. Three percent of the Nation's corn acreage was mature by August 17, and seventy-one percent was mature by September 28, three percentage points behind the 5-year average. Four percent of the 2025 corn acreage was harvested by September 7, and ninety-six percent was harvested by November 23, one percentage point behind the 5-year average. Sorghum: Grain production in 2025 was estimated 437 million bushels, up 27 percent from the 2024 total. Planted area for 2025 was estimated at 6.64 million acres, up 5 percent from 2024. Area harvested for grain, at 6.02 million acres, was up 7 percent from 2024. Grain yield was estimated at 72.6 bushels per acre, up 11.3 bushels from 2024. A record high production is expected in Colorado. Silage production was estimated at 7.33 million tons, up 80 percent from 2024. Area harvested for silage was estimated at 448,000 acres, up 46 percent from the previous year. Silage yield averaged 16.4 tons per acre, up 3.1 tons per acre from 2024. Record high production and yield for silage was recorded in Texas. Oats: Production in 2025 was estimated at 69.6 million bushels, up 2 percent from 2024. Yield was estimated at 73.8 bushels per acre, down 3 percent from 2024. Producers seeded 2.37 million acres of oats in 2025, an increase of 6 percent from the previous year. Despite the increase, planted area for the Nation was the third lowest on record. Area harvested for grain, at 944 thousand acres, was up 6 percent from 2024. Record low planted acres were estimated for Idaho, Maine, New York, and Oregon. Record low harvested acres were estimated for Oregon. Record high yields were estimated in Illinois, Iowa, Maine, and Michigan. Nationally, oat producers seeded 61 percent of the 2025 acreage by April 27, equal to the previous year but 8 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Fifty-nine percent of the oat acreage had emerged by May 11, one percentage point ahead of the previous year and 6 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Heading of the oat acreage advanced to 96 percent complete by July 20, two percentage points ahead of the previous year and one percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. Oat producers harvested 41 percent of the acreage by August 3, four percentage points behind the previous year and 5 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Eighty percent of the Nation's oat acreage was harvested by August 24, four percentage points ahead of the previous year but equal to the 5-year average. As of September 14, ninety-five percent of the oat acreage was harvested, 2 percentage points behind last year and 3 percentage points behind the 5- year average. Barley: Production was estimated at 141 million bushels, down 2 percent from the 2024 total of 144 million bushels. The average yield, at a record high 80.0 bushels per acre, was up 3.4 bushels from the previous year. Producers seeded a record low 2.30 million acres in 2025, down 3 percent from 2024. Area harvested for grain, at 1.76 million acres, was down 7 percent from 2024. Record low planted acres were estimated in California, Colorado, New York, Oregon, and Washington. Record high yields were estimated in Delaware, Idaho, Maryland, North Dakota, and Wyoming. Six percent of the Nation's barley acreage was planted by April 6, one percentage point ahead of the previous year and 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. Nationwide, barley producers seeded 26 percent of the Nation's acreage by April 20, four percentage points ahead of the previous year and 7 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By April 20, emergence was evident in 3 percent of the Nation's barley acreage, one percentage point ahead of the previous year but equal to the 5-year average. Nationally, 82 percent of the barley acreage was sown by May 25, five percentage points behind the previous year and 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Fifty-eight percent of the barley acreage had emerged by May 25, two percentage points behind the previous year but equal to the 5-year average. Heading of the Nation's barley acreage advanced to 35 percent complete by June 29, one percentage point ahead of the previous year but 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By July 27, barley producers had harvested 1 percent of the Nation's acreage, 1 percentage point behind last year and 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Overall, 42 percent of the barley acreage was reported in good to excellent condition on August 3, thirty percentage points below the same time in 2024. By September 14, ninety-five percent of the barley acreage was harvested, 2 percentage points ahead of the previous year and 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. All wheat production totaled 1.98 billion bushels in 2025, up less than 1 percent from the 2024 total. Area harvested for grain totaled 37.2 million acres, down 4 percent from 2024. The United States yield was estimated at 53.3 bushels per acre, up 2.1 bushels from the previous year. The levels of production and changes from 2024 by type were: winter wheat, 1.40 billion bushels, up 3 percent; other spring wheat, 497 million bushels, down 9 percent; and Durum wheat, 86.2 million bushels, up 8 percent. Winter wheat: Winter wheat production for 2025 totaled 1.40 billion bushels, up 3 percent from the 2024 total of 1.35 billion bushels. A record high production was estimated in Idaho. The United States yield, at 54.9 bushels per acre, was up 3.2 bushels from 2024. Record high yields were estimated in Georgia, Illinois, Michigan, Missouri, South Carolina, and Texas for 2025. Growers planted 33.2 million acres of winter wheat, down 1 percent from 2024. Record low area planted was estimated in California and Virginia. Area harvested for grain was estimated at 25.5 million acres, down 3 percent from 2024. Record low area harvested was estimated in Virginia. Compared with 2024, harvested acreage was down 3 percent in the major Hard Red Winter (HRW) growing States, the primary winter wheat-producing area. HRW production totaled 804 million bushels, up 4 percent from 2024. In the Soft Red Winter (SRW) growing area, harvested acreage decreased 1 percent from 2024. SRW production totaled 353 million bushels, up 2 percent from 2024. White winter wheat production totaled 244 million bushels, up 3 percent from 2024. Harvested acreage was down 1 percent from 2024. Seeding of the 2025 winter wheat acreage began in September 2024 with 6 percent sown by September 8. By October 6, producers had sown 51 percent of the intended 2025 winter wheat acreage, 1 percentage point behind both the previous year and the 5-year average. Nationwide, 25 percent of the winter wheat acreage had emerged by October 6, equal to the previous year and the 5-year average. Seeding of the 2025 acreage was at 91 percent by November 10, one percentage point behind the previous year and 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Nationwide, 76 percent of the winter wheat acreage had emerged by November 10, three percentage points behind both the previous year and the 5-year average. Overall, 44 percent of the 2025 winter wheat acreage was reported in good to excellent condition for the week ending November 10, compared with 47 percent at the same time the previous year as the acreage was entering dormancy. As the acreage was emerging from dormancy, 48 percent of the 2025 winter wheat acreage was reported in good to excellent condition on April 6, compared with 56 percent at the same time the previous year. By April 27, twenty-seven percent of the Nation's winter wheat acreage was headed, 1 percentage point behind the previous year but 5 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. On April 27, forty-nine percent of the 2025 winter wheat acreage was reported in good to excellent condition, equal to the previous year. By May 25, seventy-five percent of the Nation's winter wheat acreage was headed, 1 percentage point behind the previous year but 5 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. As of May 25, fifty percent of the 2025 winter wheat acreage was reported in good to excellent condition, 2 percentage points above the same time the previous year. Nineteen percent of the 2025 winter wheat acreage was harvested by June 22, nineteen percentage points behind the previous year and 9 percentage points behind the 5-year average. As of June 22, forty-nine percent of the 2025 winter wheat United States acreage was reported in good to excellent condition, 3 percentage points below the same time the previous year. Sixty-three percent of the 2025 winter wheat acreage had been harvested by July 13, seven percentage points behind the previous year and 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Ninety-four percent of the 2025 winter wheat acreage had been harvested by August 17, two percentage points behind the previous year and one percentage point behind the 5-year average. Other spring wheat: Production for 2025 was estimated at 497 million bushels, down 9 percent from the 2024 total of 544 million bushels. Harvested area totaled 9.61 million acres, down 8 percent from 2024. The United States yield was estimated at 51.7 bushels per acre, the second highest yield behind last year's 52.4 bushels per acre. A record high yield was estimated in Minnesota for the second consecutive year. Of the total production, 458 million bushels were Hard Red Spring wheat, down 9 percent from the 2024 total. Seeding of the 2025 spring wheat acreage began in April. Thirty percent of the spring wheat acreage was seeded by April 27, one percentage point behind the previous year but 9 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By April 27, five percent of the Nation's spring wheat acreage had emerged, equal to both last year and the 5-year average. As of May 25, eighty-seven percent of the spring wheat acreage was seeded, equal to the previous year but 7 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. As of May 25, sixty percent of the Nation's spring wheat acreage had emerged, 2 percentage points ahead of the previous year and 7 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By June 22, seventeen percent of the Nation's spring wheat acreage had reached the headed stage, 1 percentage point ahead of the previous year but 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Fifty-four percent of the Nation's spring wheat was rated in good to excellent condition, 17 percentage points below the same time the previous year. By July 13, seventy-eight percent of the Nation's spring wheat acreage had reached the headed stage, 4 percentage points ahead of the previous year and 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Fifty-four percent of the spring wheat was rated in good to excellent condition, 4 percentage points above the previous week but 23 percentage points below the same time the previous year. By August 17, thirty-six percent of the spring wheat had been harvested, 7 percentage points ahead of the previous year but equal to the 5-year average. By August 31, seventy-two percent of the spring wheat was harvested, 5 percentage points ahead of the previous year and 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. Durum wheat: Production for 2025 was estimated at 86.2 million bushels, up 8 percent from the 2024 total of 80.1 million bushels. Area harvested for grain totaled 2.12 million acres, up 4 percent from 2024. The United States yield was estimated at 40.6 bushels per acre, up 1.3 bushels from the 2024 yield. Record high yields were estimated in Arizona and California for 2025. Compared with 2024, production in Montana and North Dakota, the largest Durum wheat-producing States, was up 29 percent in Montana and up 3 percent in North Dakota. Harvest was 94 percent complete in Montana and 71 percent complete in North Dakota by September 7. Rice: Production in 2025 totaled 207 million cwt, down 7 percent from the 2024 total. Planted area for 2025 was estimated at 2.81 million acres, down 4 percent from 2024. Area harvested, at 2.74 million acres, was down 5 percent from the previous crop year. The average yield for all United States rice was estimated at 7,544 pounds per acre, down 209 pounds from 2024. Production estimates increased from the previous year in California, Louisiana, and Mississippi. Rye: Production for 2025 was estimated at 12.5 million bushels, down 15 percent from the 2024 total. Area harvested for grain totaled 341,000 acres, down 15 percent from the previous year. The average yield in the United States was estimated at 36.5 bushels per acre, down 0.1 bushel from the record yield in 2024. Planted area totaled 2.23 million acres, up 1 percent from last year. Many of these acres were used as a cover crop. Planted area in Pennsylvania for 2025 was a record high. Both planted and harvested area were the lowest on record in North Carolina. A record high yield was estimated in Michigan for 2025. Proso millet: Production of proso millet in 2025 totaled 14.2 million bushels, up 1 percent from the 2024 production of 14.1 million bushels. Area planted to proso millet in the United States was estimated at 442,000 acres, down 39,000 acres (or 8 percent) from 2024. Area harvested in the United States, at 397,000 acres, was down 30,000 acres (or 7 percent) from 2024. The average yield for 2025 was estimated at 35.9 bushels per acre, up 3.0 bushels from the 2024 yield of 32.9 bushels per acre. All hay: Production of all dry hay for 2025 was estimated at 123 million tons, up less than 1 percent from the 2024 total. Area harvested was estimated at 49.6 million acres, up less than 1 percent from 2024. The average yield, at 2.48 tons per acre, is unchanged from 2024. Record low productions were estimated in New Hampshire. Record high harvested acres were estimated in Alaska, while record lows were estimated in California, Connecticut, Delaware, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, Oregon, and Pennsylvania. Record high yield was estimated in Oregon. Alfalfa and alfalfa mixtures: Production in 2025 was estimated at 50.2 million tons, up 1 percent from 2024. Harvested area, at 14.7 million acres, is up less than 1 percent from 2024. Average yield estimated at 3.42 tons per acre, is up 0.01 ton from 2024. Record low harvested acres were estimated in California and Rhode Island. Record high yields were estimated in Iowa and Wisconsin, while a record low yield was estimated in New Hampshire and Vermont. All other hay: Production in 2025 totaled 72.8 million tons, up less than 1 percent from the 2024 total. Harvested area, at 34.9 million acres, is up less than 1 percent from 2024. Average yield was estimated at a record high 2.09 tons per acre, unchanged from 2024. Record low production was estimated in New Hampshire. Record high harvested acres were estimated in Alaska, while record low harvested acres were estimated in Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Ohio, Oregon, and Pennsylvania. Record high yields were estimated for the United States, as well as Minnesota, and Oregon. Forage: In 2025, seventeen States were included in the forage estimation program, which measures annual production of forage crops. Haylage and greenchop production was converted to 13 percent moisture and combined with dry hay production to derive the total forage production. The total 2025 all haylage and greenchop production was 26.8 million tons, of which 16.5 million tons were from alfalfa and alfalfa mixtures. The 17 State total for all forage production was 79.7 million tons. Of this total, 39.8 million tons were produced from alfalfa and alfalfa mixtures. Record low alfalfa haylage harvested acres were estimated for California, Michigan, Missouri, Texas, and Vermont. Record high alfalfa haylage yields were estimated in Michigan and Texas. Record low alfalfa forage harvested acres were estimated in California, Idaho, Kansas, New York, Pennsylvania, Vermont, and Washington. Record low other haylage production was estimated in California. Record low other haylage harvested acres were estimated in California, while record highs were estimated in Michigan. Record high other haylage yields were estimated in Iowa and Texas. Record low other hay forage production was estimated in California and Pennsylvania. Record low other forage harvested acres were estimated in California, Illinois, and Pennsylvania. New seedings of alfalfa and alfalfa mixtures: Growers seeded 1.68 million acres of alfalfa and alfalfa mixtures during 2025, down 9 percent from 2024. New seedings of alfalfa and alfalfa mixtures are normally harvested for the first time in the year following planting. Record low alfalfa dry hay seedings were estimated in California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Kansas, Maine, Massachusetts, Oregon, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New York, North Carolina, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. Peanuts: Production was estimated at 7.18 billion pounds, up 11 percent from 2024. Planted area was estimated at 1.95 million acres, up 8 percent from 2024. Harvested area was estimated at 1.91 million acres, up 9 percent from 2024. The average yield was estimated at 3,767 pounds per acre, up 44 pounds per acre from 2024. Record high production was estimated for the United States and Georgia. Record high harvest acres were estimated in Arkansas. Canola: Production in 2025 was estimated at 4.65 billion pounds, down 4 percent from 2024. Despite the decline, production for the Nation still represented the second largest on record. The average yield, at a record high 2,017 pounds per acre, is up 225 pounds from the prior year's average yield. Planted area was estimated at 2.34 million acres, 15 percent below the previous year's acreage. Harvested area, at 2.31 million acres, was down 15 percent from 2024. Both the planted and harvested area are the third highest on record for the Nation. Production in North Dakota, the leading canola-producing State, was estimated at 3.82 billion pounds, a decline of 3 percent from 2024. Production represented the second largest total for North Dakota on record, while the average yield, at 2,120 pounds per acre, was a record high. Planted and harvested area in North Dakota were both down 15 percent from 2024 but both were still the third highest on record. Sunflower: The 2025 sunflower production totaled 2.32 billion pounds, up 103 percent from the record low production of 2024. The United States average yield of 1,863 pounds per acre increased 193 pounds from 2024 and is the highest on record for the Nation. Planted area, at 1.29 million acres, was 79 percent above the previous year. Area harvested increased 82 percent from 2024 to 1.25 million acres. North Dakota, the leading sunflower-producing State during 2025, produced 1.09 billion pounds, an increase of 111 percent from 2024. Compared with 2024, planted area in North Dakota increased 89 percent and yield increased 206 pounds to 1,958 pounds per acre. Meanwhile, production in South Dakota increased 86 percent from 2024 to 866 million pounds. Planted acreage in South Dakota, at 449,000 acres, increased 61 percent from the previous year. The average yield in South Dakota increased 228 pounds from 2024 to a record high 1,974 pounds per acre. Area planted, area harvested, and production for all sunflower were the lowest on record in California. United States production of oil-type sunflower varieties, at 2.13 billion pounds, increased 126 percent from 2024. Compared with the previous year, harvested acres were up 104 percent and the average yield increased by 184 pounds to a record high 1,848 pounds per acre. Production of non-oil sunflower varieties was estimated at 189 million pounds, a decrease of 4 percent from 2024. Area harvested, at a record low 92,200 acres, was down 21 percent from 2024. The average yield increased by 354 pounds from 2024. Soybeans: Production in 2025 totaled 4.26 billion bushels, down 3 percent from 2024. The average yield per acre was estimated at a record high 53.0 bushels per acre, 2.3 bushels above 2024. Planted area for the Nation, at 81.2 million acres, was down 7 percent from the 2024 planted acreage. Soybean growers harvested 80.4 million acres, down 7 percent from 2024. Record high yields occurred in Arkansas, Georgia, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Mississippi, Nebraska, and Wisconsin. The 2025 soybean objective yield survey data indicated that final average pod counts were higher than 2024 in the combined eleven objective yield States. Compared with final counts for 2024, pod counts were up in 10 of the 11 published States. An increase of more than 100 pods per 18 square feet from 2024's final pod count occurred in Arkansas, Indiana, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, Ohio, and South Dakota. Planting was underway by the end of April in all 18 of the major soybean-producing States. Eighteen percent of the acreage was planted by April 27, one percentage point ahead of the previous year and 6 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Seventy-six percent of soybean acreage was planted by May 25, eight percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Nationally, 84 percent of soybean acreage was emerged by June 15, four percentage points ahead of the previous year and 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. By June 29, seventeen percent of soybean acreage was blooming, 1 percentage point behind the previous year but 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. Thirty-two percent of soybean acreage was blooming by July 6, equal to the previous season but 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. By July 6, eight percent of the soybean acreage was setting pods, equal to the previous year but 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. The week ending July 20 was the first week of 2025 that soybeans were setting pods in all 18 major soybean-producing States. Twenty-six percent of soybean acres were setting pods by July 20, one percentage point behind the previous year but equal to the 5-year average. By July 20, sixty-two percent of soybean acreage was blooming, 1 percentage point behind the previous year and 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. As of July 27, forty-one percent of the soybean acreage was setting pods, 1 percentage point behind the previous year and the 5-year average. Seventy-one percent of the acreage was setting pods on August 10, one percentage point ahead of the previous year but 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. By August 24, eighty-nine percent of the soybean acreage was setting pods, 1 percentage point ahead of the previous year but equal to the 5-year average. As of September 28, seventy-nine percent of the United States soybean acreage was at or beyond the leaf dropping stage, equal to the previous year but 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Soybean harvest was 19 percent complete as of September 28, five percentage points behind the previous year and 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. As of September 28, sixty- two percent of the Nation's soybean acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, 2 percentage points behind the same time the previous year. Flaxseed: Production of flaxseed in 2025 totaled 5.20 million bushels, up 116 percent from the 2024 production. Harvested area totaled 234,000 acres in 2025, up 68 percent from 2024. Harvested acreage in North Dakota, the largest flaxseed-producing State, was estimated at 165,000 acres, up 83 percent from 2024. The average United States yield for 2025, at 22.2 bushels per acre, was up 4.8 bushels from 2024. Safflower: Production of safflower in 2025, at 143 million pounds, was up 8 percent from 2024. Despite the increase, this still represented the fourth lowest on record for the Nation. Growers planted a record low 116,500 acres in 2025, a decline of 2 percent from the previous year. California and Utah showed the largest declines compared with last year, both down 5,500 acres. Harvested area for the Nation, at a record low 108,500 acres, was down 1 percent from 2024. The average yield for the Nation, at 1,319 pounds per acre, increased 115 pounds from the 2024 average yield. Planted and harvested area for safflower were both record lows in Utah. Other Oilseeds: Mustard seed production for 2025 decreased 31 percent from the previous year to 71.1 million pounds. Planted area, at 126,200 acres, was down 32 percent from 2024. Harvested area, at 111,800 acres, was down 37 percent from last year. The average yield, at 636 pounds per acre, was 58 pounds above the 2024 average yield. Rapeseed production was estimated at a record high 35.3 million pounds, up 11 percent from last year's production. Growers planted a record high 18,600 acres of rapeseed in 2025, an increase of 1,100 acres from 2024. Harvested area, at a record high 16,600 acres, was up 900 acres from last year. The average yield in 2025 was 2,126 pounds per acre, an increase of 107 pounds from 2024 and represents the third highest yield on record. Cotton: Upland cotton production is forecast at 13.5 million 480-pound bales, down 3 percent from the previous forecast and down 3 percent from 2024. Upland planted area, forecasted at 9.14 million acres, down less than 1 percent from the previous forecast and down 17 percent from the previous year. Upland harvested area for the Nation is expected to total 7.67 million acres, up 6 percent from the previous estimate and up 1 percent from last year. Pima cotton production is forecast at 388,000 bales, up 3 percent from the previous forecast but down 18 percent from 2024. Pima planted area, forecasted at 141,500 acres, was down 1 percent from the previous forecast and down 32 percent from the previous year. Pima harvested area is expected at 138,200 acres is down 1 percent from the previous estimate and down 31 percent from last year. If realized, the forecasted planted and harvested acres will be a record low in Louisiana. Forecasted yields for upland and all cotton in Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Louisiana, and North Carolina will be record highs. Ginnings totaled 11,962,000 running bales prior to January 1. Cottonseed: Production for 2025, based on a 3-year average lint-seed ratio, is expected to total 4.20 million tons, down 1 percent from 2024. Tobacco: United States all tobacco production for 2025 was estimated at 359 million pounds, up 11 percent from the previous year. Area harvested, at 171,300 acres, was up 3 percent from a year earlier. The average yield for the 2025 crop year was estimated at 2,093 pounds per acre, 150 pounds above 2024. Flue-cured tobacco production was estimated at 277 million pounds, up 21 percent from the previous year. Harvested area totaled 134,400 acres in 2025, up 7 percent from 2024. The average yield, at 2,060 pounds per acre, was up 235 pounds from the previous year. Sugarbeets: Production for 2025 was estimated at 35.1 million tons, down slightly from the previous year's production. Growers planted 1.08 million acres, down 2 percent from 2024. Harvested area, at 1.06 million acres, was down 2 percent from the previous year. Estimated yield, at 33.2 tons per acre, was up 0.7 ton from last year. Sugarcane: Production of sugarcane for sugar and seed in 2025 was estimated at 35.4 million tons, of which 33.6 million tons were utilized for sugar and 1.74 million tons were utilized for seed. Total production for sugar and seed was up 3 percent from 2024. Sugarcane producers harvested 944,000 acres for sugar and seed in 2024, up 3 percent from the previous year. Yield for sugar and seed was estimated at 37.5 tons per acre, up 0.1 ton from 2024. Dry edible beans: United States dry edible bean production was estimated at 26.9 million cwt for 2025, down 14 percent from the previous year. Planted area was estimated at 1.37 million acres, down 11 percent from 2024 in. Harvested area was estimated at 1.33 million acres, down 11 percent from the previous year. The average United States yield for dry edible beans for the 2025 season is 2,012 pounds per acre, down 69 pounds from 2024. Lentils: Production of lentils in 2025 was estimated at 10.6 million cwt, up 17 percent from the previous season. Planted area, at 1.07 million acres, is up 15 percent from the previous season. Harvested area, at 949,000 acres, is up 5 percent from the previous season. The average yield for lentils for the 2025 season was estimated at 1,112 pounds per acre, up 110 pounds per acre from the previous season. Chickpeas: Production in 2025 of all chickpeas was estimated at 6.84 million cwt, up 20 percent from 2024. Area planted for all chickpeas for the 2025 crop year was estimated at 536,000 acres, up 6 percent from the previous year. Area harvested was estimated at 520,300 acres, 5 percent above 2024. The average yield at 1,315 pounds per acre is up 167 pounds from the 2024 season. Dry edible peas: Production in 2025 of dry edible peas was estimated at 18.5 million cwt, up 9 percent from the previous season. Planted area, at 1.17 million acres, is up 19 percent from the previous season. Harvested area, at 1.06 million acres, is up 11 percent from the previous season. The acreage yield for dry edible peas for the 2025 season was estimated to be 1,738 pounds per acre, down 38 pounds per acre from the previous season. Potatoes: Production in 2025 was estimated at 413 million cwt, down 2 percent from the 2024 crop. Planted area, at 902,000 acres, was down 3 percent from 2024. Harvested area, at 896,800 acres, was down 3 percent from the previous year. The average yield, at 460 cwt per acre, was up 6 cwt from the previous year. Peppermint oil: Production in 2025 totaled 2.47 million pounds, up 5 percent from the previous year. Harvested area was estimated at 22,900 acres, unchanged from 2024. Average yield was estimated at 108 pounds of oil per acre, up 5 pounds from 2024. Spearmint oil: Production totaled 1.61 million pounds in 2025, up 18 percent from the previous year. Harvested area was estimated at 11,600 acres, up 13 percent from a year earlier. The average yield was estimated at 139 pounds of oil per acre, up 7 pounds from 2024. Hops: Production for the United States in 2025 totaled 83.1 million pounds, down 5 percent from the 2024 crop of 87.1 million pounds. Area harvested for the United States in 2025 totaled 41,654 acres, down 7 percent from the previous year. Harvested acreage decreased in all states. The United States hop yield, at 1,996 pounds per acre, is up 52 pounds from a year ago. The 2025 value of production for the United States totaled $447 million, up slightly from the previous year. Maple syrup: The 2025 United States maple syrup production totaled 5.77 million gallons, down 2 percent from the previous season. The number of taps totaled 16.9 million, down 1 percent from the 2024 total. Yield per tap was 0.342 gallon, unchanged from the previous season. Statistical Methodology Survey procedures: The estimates in this report are based primarily on surveys conducted during the month of December. The December Agricultural Survey (DAS) is a probability survey that includes a sample of approximately 73,100 farm operators selected from a list of producers that ensures all operations in the United States have a chance to be selected. Data from operators was collected by mail, internet, telephone, or personal interview to obtain information on crop acreage, yield, and production for the 2025 crop year. Estimating procedures: National and State level objective yield and farm operator reported data (DAS) were reviewed for reasonableness and consistency with historical estimates. The survey data were also reviewed considering weather patterns and crop progress compared with previous years. Each Regional Field Office submits an estimate and written analysis for their State to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the survey data, administrative data, and the State analysis to prepare the estimates published in this report. Revision policy: Estimates contained in this report may be revised the following year, if new information is available that would justify a change. Estimates will also be reviewed after data for the 5-year Census of Agriculture are available. No revisions will be made after that date. Reliability: The surveys used to make the acreage, yield, and production estimates contained in this report are subject to sampling and non-sampling type errors that are common to all surveys. Reliability of the objective yield and farmer survey must be treated separately because the survey designs for the two surveys are different. The objective yield indications (corn and soybeans) are subject to sampling variability because all acres of a given commodity are not included in the sample. The farm operator survey indications are also subject to sampling variability because not all operations with commodities of interest are included in the sample. This variability, as measured by the relative standard error at the National level, is approximately 1.3 for corn, 4.4 for Upland cotton and 1.4 for soybeans. This means that chances are approximately 95 out of 100 that survey estimates for production will be within plus or minus 2.6 percent for corn, 8.8 percent for Upland cotton, and 2.8 percent for soybeans. Survey indications are also subject to non-sampling errors such as omission, duplication, imputation for missing data, and mistakes in reporting, recording, and processing the data. These errors cannot be measured directly, but they are minimized through rigid quality controls in the data collection process and a careful review of all reported data for consistency and reasonableness. USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service Information Contacts Listed below are the commodity statisticians in the Crops Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to nass@usda.gov Anthony Prillaman, Acting Chief, Crops Branch............................................. (202) 720-2127 Chris Hawthorn, Head, Field Crops Section................................................. (202) 720-2127 Fleming Gibson, Head, Fruits, Vegetables, and Special Crops Section....................... (202) 236-2428 Joshua Bates - Asparagus, Hemp, Maple Syrup, Soybeans................................ (202) 690-3234 Natasha Bruton - Cotton System Consumption and Stocks, Grain Crushings, Fats and Oils, Flour Milling Products, Broccoli, Cauliflower, Plums, Prunes..... (202) 690-1042 Noemi Guindin - Crop Progress and Condition, Kiwifruit............................... (202) 720-2127 Michelle Harder - Hay, Kale, Peanuts, Raspberries.................................... (202) 690-8533 Deonne Holiday - Almonds, Carrots, Coffee, Cranberries, Garlic, Onions Proso Millet, Rye, Tobacco...................................................... (202) 720-4288 Bret Holliman - Apricots, Barley, Chickpeas, Nectarines, Peaches, Snap Beans, Tomatoes............................................................ (202) 720-7235 James Johanson - Dry Edible Beans, Lettuce, Macadamias, Wheat........................ (202) 720-8068 Greg Lemmons - Beets, Corn, Flaxseed, Pears, Rice, Sweet Corn........................ (202) 720-9526 Krishna Rizal - Artichokes, Celery, Grapefruit, Lemons, Mandarins and tangerines, Mint, Mushrooms, Olives, Oranges, Pistachios.................................... (202) 720-5412 Chris Singh - Apples, Cucumbers, Hazelnuts, Potatoes, Pumpkins, Squash, Sugarbeets, Sugarcane, Sweet Potatoes................................... (202) 720-4285 Becky Sommer - Cabbage, Cotton, Cotton Ginnings, Sorghum, Walnuts, Strawberries...... (202) 720-5944 Travis Thorson - Blueberries, Canola, Mustard Seed, Rapeseed, Safflower, Spinach, Sunflower.............................................................. (202) 720-7369 Antonio Torres - Cantaloupes, Dry Edible Peas, Grapes, Green Peas, Honeydews, Lentils, Oats, Sweet Cherries, Tart Cherries, Watermelons............ (202) 720-2157 Chris Wallace - Avocados, Bell Peppers, Chile Peppers, Dates, Floriculture, Hops, Papayas, Pecans........................................................... (202) 720-4215 Access to NASS Reports For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways: All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: www.nass.usda.gov. The national specific reports are available via a free e-mail subscription. To set-up this free subscription, visit www.nass.usda.gov and click on "National" in upper right corner above "search" box to create an account and select the reports you would like to receive. Economics, Statistics, and Market Information (ESMIS) - National Agricultural Library (NAL) website houses NASS's and other agency archived reports at https://esmis.nal.usda.gov. 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