Dairy Products ISSN: 1949-0399 Released December 15, 2025, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). October 2025 Highlights Total cheese output (excluding cottage cheese) was 1.26 billion pounds, 3.2 percent above October 2024 and 3.7 percent above September 2025. Italian type cheese production totaled 535 million pounds, 4.8 percent above October 2024 and 3.7 percent above September 2025. American type cheese production totaled 494 million pounds, 2.3 percent above October 2024 and 4.2 percent above September 2025. Butter production was 186 million pounds, 10.1 percent above October 2024 and 3.7 percent above September 2025. Dry milk products (comparisons in percentage with October 2024) Nonfat dry milk, human - 123 million pounds, down 1.5 percent. Skim milk powder - 35.0 million pounds, down 12.1 percent. Whey products (comparisons in percentage with October 2024) Dry whey, total - 67.7 million pounds, up 2.1 percent. Lactose, human and animal - 90.2 million pounds, down 1.5 percent. Whey protein concentrate, total - 40.3 million pounds, down 1.7 percent. Frozen products (comparisons in percentage with October 2024) Ice cream, regular (hard) - 60.9 million gallons, down 3.0 percent. Ice cream, lowfat (total) - 32.2 million gallons, down 2.2 percent. Sherbet (hard) - 1.90 million gallons, up 19.3 percent. Frozen yogurt (total) - 2.91 million gallons, down 2.9 percent. Contents Dairy Products Production by Product - United States: October 2024 and 2025 3 Whey and Modified Whey Products Production, Stocks, and Prices - United States: October 2024 and 2025 4 Condensed and Dry Milk Products Production, Stocks, and Shipments - United States: October 2024 and 2025 5 Dairy Products Production by Product and Month - United States: 2024 and 2025 6 Total Cheese Production Excluding Cottage Cheese - States, United States, and Regions: October 2024 and 2025 13 American Cheese Production - States, United States, and Regions: October 2024 and 2025 14 Cheddar Cheese Production - States, United States, and Regions: October 2024 and 2025 14 Total Italian Cheese Production - States, United States, and Regions: October 2024 and 2025 15 Mozzarella Cheese Production - States, United States, and Regions: October 2024 and 2025 15 Butter Production - States, United States, and Regions: October 2024 and 2025 16 Nonfat Dry Milk (Human) Production - States, United States, and Regions: October 2024 and 2025 16 Dry Whey (Human) Production - States, United States, and Regions: October 2024 and 2025 17 Ice Cream, Regular (Hard) Production - States, United States, and Regions: October 2024 and 2025 17 Dairy Products Regions 18 Statistical Methodology 19 Information Contacts 20 Dairy Products Production by Product - United States: October 2024 and 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : Change from : October : September : October :----------------------------- Product : 2024 : 2025 : 2025 : October : September : : : : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------------- 1,000 pounds ------------ ------ percent ----- : Butter .................................: 168,689 179,133 185,795 10.1 3.7 : Cheese : American types 1/ ....................: 483,093 474,067 494,043 2.3 4.2 Cheddar ............................: 327,362 325,274 329,606 0.7 1.3 Other American types ...............: 155,731 148,793 164,437 5.6 10.5 Blue and Gorgonzola ..................: 7,791 6,613 7,567 -2.9 14.4 Brick and Muenster ...................: 18,289 15,656 18,245 -0.2 16.5 Cream and Neufchatel .................: 101,592 100,214 101,308 -0.3 1.1 Feta .................................: 13,784 13,489 12,220 -11.3 -9.4 Gouda ................................: 5,943 6,747 6,791 14.3 0.7 Hispanic .............................: 38,546 41,834 43,143 11.9 3.1 Italian types ........................: 510,576 516,220 535,262 4.8 3.7 Mozzarella .........................: 405,193 403,451 419,135 3.4 3.9 Parmesan ...........................: 35,393 44,196 45,341 28.1 2.6 Provolone ..........................: 34,142 32,561 33,840 -0.9 3.9 Ricotta ............................: 22,645 21,891 22,817 0.8 4.2 Romano .............................: 4,801 4,542 4,808 0.1 5.9 Other Italian types ................: 8,402 9,579 9,321 10.9 -2.7 Swiss ................................: 26,522 26,998 27,232 2.7 0.9 All other types ......................: 15,278 13,880 14,779 -3.3 6.5 : Total cheese 2/ ......................: 1,221,414 1,215,718 1,260,590 3.2 3.7 : Cottage cheese, curd 3/ ................: 40,685 44,981 45,962 13.0 2.2 Cottage cheese, cream 4/ ...............: 36,307 39,124 40,095 10.4 2.5 Cottage cheese, lowfat 5/ ..............: 33,713 35,627 36,822 9.2 3.4 : Sour cream .............................: 140,433 123,154 136,141 -3.1 10.5 Yogurt, plain and flavored .............: 418,991 453,105 450,007 7.4 -0.7 : : ----------- 1,000 gallons ---------- ------ percent ----- : Frozen products : Ice cream, regular, hard .............: 62,782 58,684 60,898 -3.0 3.8 Ice cream, lowfat, hard ..............: 17,834 17,578 18,110 1.5 3.0 Ice cream, lowfat, soft ..............: 15,053 14,897 14,062 -6.6 -5.6 Ice cream, lowfat, total 6/ ..........: 32,887 32,475 32,172 -2.2 -0.9 Ice cream, nonfat, hard ..............: 523 486 678 29.6 39.5 Sherbet, hard ........................: 1,592 1,450 1,899 19.3 31.0 Frozen yogurt, total .................: 2,997 2,568 2,911 -2.9 13.4 Regular and lowfat, hard ...........: 1,378 1,096 1,208 -12.3 10.2 Nonfat, hard .......................: 105 174 189 80.0 8.6 Other frozen dairy products ..........: 1,102 1,046 1,415 28.4 35.3 Water and juice ices .................: 4,831 4,980 4,907 1.6 -1.5 : Mix for frozen products : Ice cream, regular, mix ..............: 39,364 37,991 38,904 -1.2 2.4 Ice cream, lowfat, mix 7/ ............: 17,615 18,172 17,952 1.9 -1.2 Ice cream, nonfat, mix ...............: 578 701 769 33.0 9.7 Sherbet mix ..........................: 1,355 1,105 1,367 0.9 23.7 Yogurt mix ...........................: 2,035 1,495 1,831 -10.0 22.5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Includes Cheddar, Colby, washed curd, stirred curd, Monterey, and Jack. 2/ Excludes Cottage Cheese. 3/ Mostly used for processing into cream or lowfat cottage cheese. 4/ Fat content 4 percent or more. 5/ Fat content less than 4 percent. 6/ Includes freezer-made milkshake. 7/ Includes milkshake mix. Whey and Modified Whey Products Production, Stocks, and Prices - United States: October 2024 and 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : Change from : October : September : October :----------------------------- Product : 2024 : 2025 : 2025 : October : September : : : : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------------ 1,000 pounds ----------- ------ percent ----- Condensed whey, solids content 1/ : Sweet-type, human ....................: 11,814 9,948 10,014 -15.2 0.7 : Dry whey products : Dry whey, human ......................: 62,701 67,979 66,358 5.8 -2.4 Dry whey, animal .....................: 3,581 1,127 1,326 -63.0 17.7 Dry whey, total ......................: 66,282 69,106 67,684 2.1 -2.1 : Reduced Lactose and minerals : Human and animal .....................: 3,718 3,215 3,264 -12.2 1.5 : Whey protein concentrate : Human 2/ .............................: 39,382 40,005 39,691 0.8 -0.8 Animal 2/ ............................: 1,659 2,185 658 -60.3 -69.9 Total 2/ .............................: 41,041 42,190 40,349 -1.7 -4.4 25.0-49.9 percent 3/ ...............: 12,096 11,219 8,592 -29.0 -23.4 50.0-89.9 percent 3/ ...............: 28,945 30,971 31,757 9.7 2.5 : Whey protein isolates 4/ ...............: 15,902 18,802 18,723 17.7 -0.4 : Lactose, human and animal ..............: 91,558 94,051 90,202 -1.5 -4.1 : Manufacturers' stocks end of month 5/ : Dry whey products : Dry whey, human ......................: 47,775 48,761 49,169 2.9 0.8 Dry whey, animal .....................: 2,843 954 912 -67.9 -4.4 Dry whey, total ......................: 50,618 49,715 50,081 -1.1 0.7 : Reduced Lactose and minerals : Human and animal 6/ ...................: 8,050 6,546 6,276 -22.0 -4.1 : Whey protein concentrate : Human 2/ .............................: 49,356 48,292 43,194 -12.5 -10.6 Animal 2/ ............................: 1,315 2,578 2,117 61.0 -17.9 Total 2/ .............................: 50,671 50,870 45,311 -10.6 -10.9 25.0-49.9 percent 3/ ...............: 18,419 21,923 16,233 -11.9 -26.0 50.0-89.9 percent 3/ ...............: 32,252 28,947 29,078 -9.8 0.5 : Whey protein isolates 4/ ...............: 13,971 14,015 14,791 5.9 5.5 : Lactose, human and animal ..............: 108,263 92,061 90,502 -16.4 -1.7 : --------- cents per pound -------- -- cents change -- : Manufacturers' selling price 7/ : Dry whey, animal .......................: 35.2 40.8 41.6 6.4 0.8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Final marketable product only. Does not include quantity used or shipped to another plant for further processing into dry whey or modified whey products. Does not include sweet-type, animal whey. 2/ Whey protein concentrate, 25.0 to 89.9 percent. 3/ Whey protein concentrate, human and animal. 4/ Whey protein isolate, 90.0 percent or greater. 5/ Stocks held by manufacturers at all points and in transit. 6/ Reduced lactose and minerals stocks combined to avoid disclosure of individual operations. 7/ Prices for bulk goods, f.o.b. plant. Average monthly prices reported by firms. Condensed and Dry Milk Products Production, Stocks, and Shipments - United States: October 2024 and 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : Change from : October : September : October :----------------------------- Product : 2024 : 2025 : 2025 : October : September : : : : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------------ 1,000 pounds ----------- ------ percent ----- Production : Bulk condensed milk : Skim, unsweetened ....................: 111,219 102,836 105,051 -5.5 2.2 : Dry milk products : Dry buttermilk, total ................: 10,695 10,967 11,053 3.3 0.8 Dry skim milk, animal ................: 526 841 604 14.8 -28.2 Dry whole milk .......................: 9,613 6,562 8,999 -6.4 37.1 Milk protein concentrate, total 1/ ...: 25,270 20,546 19,560 -22.6 -4.8 Nonfat dry milk, human ...............: 124,669 118,231 122,743 -1.5 3.8 Skim milk powder, total 2/ ...........: 39,853 43,705 35,031 -12.1 -19.8 : Manufacturers' stocks end-of-month 3/ : Dry milk products : Dry buttermilk, total ................: 22,133 26,508 24,260 9.6 -8.5 Dry skim milk, animal ................: 9,654 6,054 6,029 -37.5 -0.4 Dry whole milk .......................: 11,517 11,894 12,385 7.5 4.1 Nonfat dry milk, human ...............: 190,397 222,474 210,443 10.5 -5.4 : Manufacturers' shipments 4/ : Dry milk products : Nonfat dry milk, human ...............: 126,003 129,063 127,445 1.1 -1.3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Dry milk protein concentrate, 40-89.9 percent. 2/ Includes protein standardized and blends. 3/ Stocks held by manufacturers at all points and in transit. 4/ For dry products, shipments of bulk goods. Dairy Products Production by Product and Month - United States: 2024 and 2025 [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Monthly : Cumulative Product and month :------------------------------------------------------------- : : : Change : : : Change : 2024 : 2025 : from : 2024 : 2025 : from : : : 2024 : : : 2024 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- :--- 1,000 pounds -- percent ---- 1,000 pounds --- percent Total cheese 1/ : January ......................:1,238,361 1,220,583 -1.4 1,238,361 1,220,583 -1.4 February .....................:1,135,573 1,116,498 -1.7 2,373,934 2,337,081 -1.6 March ........................:1,209,415 1,234,197 2.0 3,583,349 3,571,278 -0.3 April ........................:1,192,243 1,234,932 3.6 4,775,592 4,806,210 0.6 May ..........................:1,212,400 1,251,908 3.3 5,987,992 6,058,118 1.2 June .........................:1,155,018 1,203,603 4.2 7,143,010 7,261,721 1.7 July .........................:1,189,240 1,216,644 2.3 8,332,250 8,478,365 1.8 August .......................:1,195,814 1,202,079 0.5 9,528,064 9,680,444 1.6 September ....................:1,151,338 1,215,718 5.6 10,679,402 10,896,162 2.0 October ......................:1,221,414 1,260,590 3.2 11,900,816 12,156,752 2.2 November .....................:1,149,860 13,050,676 December .....................:1,198,672 14,249,348 : Total American cheese types 2/ : January ......................: 476,910 481,440 0.9 476,910 481,440 0.9 February .....................: 438,328 442,498 1.0 915,238 923,938 1.0 March ........................: 478,035 499,929 4.6 1,393,273 1,423,867 2.2 April ........................: 463,581 495,470 6.9 1,856,854 1,919,337 3.4 May ..........................: 484,880 509,117 5.0 2,341,734 2,428,454 3.7 June .........................: 451,315 473,977 5.0 2,793,049 2,902,431 3.9 July .........................: 464,906 481,556 3.6 3,257,955 3,383,987 3.9 August .......................: 472,379 473,888 0.3 3,730,334 3,857,875 3.4 September ....................: 446,038 474,067 6.3 4,176,372 4,331,942 3.7 October ......................: 483,093 494,043 2.3 4,659,465 4,825,985 3.6 November .....................: 448,814 5,108,279 December .....................: 468,264 5,576,543 : Cheddar cheese : January ......................: 333,329 328,960 -1.3 333,329 328,960 -1.3 February .....................: 304,535 307,696 1.0 637,864 636,656 -0.2 March ........................: 330,061 349,089 5.8 967,925 985,745 1.8 April ........................: 312,737 340,841 9.0 1,280,662 1,326,586 3.6 May ..........................: 324,433 355,437 9.6 1,605,095 1,682,023 4.8 June .........................: 305,072 332,003 8.8 1,910,167 2,014,026 5.4 July .........................: 306,663 330,803 7.9 2,216,830 2,344,829 5.8 August .......................: 316,653 323,188 2.1 2,533,483 2,668,017 5.3 September ....................: 303,893 325,274 7.0 2,837,376 2,993,291 5.5 October ......................: 327,362 329,606 0.7 3,164,738 3,322,897 5.0 November .....................: 308,263 3,473,001 December .....................: 312,307 3,785,308 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Dairy Products Production by Product and Month - United States: 2024 and 2025 (continued) [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Monthly : Cumulative Product and month :----------------------------------------------------------- : : : Change : : : Change : 2024 : 2025 : from : 2024 : 2025 : from : : : 2024 : : : 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 pounds percent --- 1,000 pounds -- percent Total Italian cheese types : January ......................: 514,928 520,335 1.1 514,928 520,335 1.1 February .....................: 482,336 474,243 -1.7 997,264 994,578 -0.3 March ........................: 518,896 523,416 0.9 1,516,160 1,517,994 0.1 April ........................: 505,628 522,584 3.4 2,021,788 2,040,578 0.9 May ..........................: 505,124 522,351 3.4 2,526,912 2,562,929 1.4 June .........................: 485,284 510,302 5.2 3,012,196 3,073,231 2.0 July .........................: 497,566 515,826 3.7 3,509,762 3,589,057 2.3 August .......................: 501,027 510,288 1.8 4,010,789 4,099,345 2.2 September ....................: 488,774 516,220 5.6 4,499,563 4,615,565 2.6 October ......................: 510,576 535,262 4.8 5,010,139 5,150,827 2.8 November .....................: 492,866 5,503,005 December .....................: 522,330 6,025,335 : Mozzarella : January ......................: 401,493 411,987 2.6 401,493 411,987 2.6 February .....................: 378,254 373,136 -1.4 779,747 785,123 0.7 March ........................: 409,392 411,172 0.4 1,189,139 1,196,295 0.6 April ........................: 402,355 415,337 3.2 1,591,494 1,611,632 1.3 May ..........................: 404,993 413,101 2.0 1,996,487 2,024,733 1.4 June .........................: 390,882 404,783 3.6 2,387,369 2,429,516 1.8 July .........................: 399,768 407,309 1.9 2,787,137 2,836,825 1.8 August .......................: 401,292 404,800 0.9 3,188,429 3,241,625 1.7 September ....................: 391,596 403,451 3.0 3,580,025 3,645,076 1.8 October ......................: 405,193 419,135 3.4 3,985,218 4,064,211 2.0 November .....................: 387,271 4,372,489 December .....................: 416,010 4,788,499 : Other Italian cheese types : January ......................: 8,395 7,956 -5.2 8,395 7,956 -5.2 February .....................: 7,625 8,177 7.2 16,020 16,133 0.7 March ........................: 8,376 8,732 4.3 24,396 24,865 1.9 April ........................: 7,957 8,765 10.2 32,353 33,630 3.9 May ..........................: 7,308 7,316 0.1 39,661 40,946 3.2 June .........................: 8,231 6,485 -21.2 47,892 47,431 -1.0 July .........................: 8,785 8,140 -7.3 56,677 55,571 -2.0 August .......................: 9,514 8,229 -13.5 66,191 63,800 -3.6 September ....................: 7,759 9,579 23.5 73,950 73,379 -0.8 October ......................: 8,402 9,321 10.9 82,352 82,700 0.4 November .....................: 9,003 91,355 December .....................: 8,241 99,596 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Dairy Products Production by Product and Month - United States: 2024 and 2025 (continued) [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Monthly : Cumulative Product and month :----------------------------------------------------------- : : : Change : : : Change : 2024 : 2025 : from : 2024 : 2025 : from : : : 2024 : : : 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 pounds percent --- 1,000 pounds -- percent Butter : January ......................: 217,081 218,242 0.5 217,081 218,242 0.5 February .....................: 197,802 202,719 2.5 414,883 420,961 1.5 March ........................: 210,764 229,024 8.7 625,647 649,985 3.9 April ........................: 207,790 214,433 3.2 833,437 864,418 3.7 May ..........................: 204,806 211,949 3.5 1,038,243 1,076,367 3.7 June .........................: 168,024 188,330 12.1 1,206,267 1,264,697 4.8 July .........................: 164,074 178,326 8.7 1,370,341 1,443,023 5.3 August .......................: 160,215 173,200 8.1 1,530,556 1,616,223 5.6 September ....................: 160,577 179,133 11.6 1,691,133 1,795,356 6.2 October ......................: 168,689 185,795 10.1 1,859,822 1,981,151 6.5 November .....................: 176,016 2,035,838 December .....................: 199,754 2,235,592 : Nonfat dry milk, human : January ......................: 139,032 154,663 11.2 139,032 154,663 11.2 February .....................: 147,100 146,611 -0.3 286,132 301,274 5.3 March ........................: 184,846 168,003 -9.1 470,978 469,277 -0.4 April ........................: 173,911 162,873 -6.3 644,889 632,150 -2.0 May ..........................: 167,726 156,267 -6.8 812,615 788,417 -3.0 June .........................: 127,609 140,491 10.1 940,224 928,908 -1.2 July .........................: 120,950 128,617 6.3 1,061,174 1,057,525 -0.3 August .......................: 114,903 122,755 6.8 1,176,077 1,180,280 0.4 September ....................: 117,057 118,231 1.0 1,293,134 1,298,511 0.4 October ......................: 124,669 122,743 -1.5 1,417,803 1,421,254 0.2 November .....................: 120,137 1,537,940 December .....................: 130,715 1,668,655 : Skim milk powder, total 3/ : January ......................: 64,335 34,514 -46.4 64,335 34,514 -46.4 February .....................: 43,609 30,762 -29.5 107,944 65,276 -39.5 March ........................: 38,561 33,980 -11.9 146,505 99,256 -32.3 April ........................: 44,858 35,471 -20.9 191,363 134,727 -29.6 May ..........................: 49,678 47,322 -4.7 241,041 182,049 -24.5 June .........................: 68,813 56,746 -17.5 309,854 238,795 -22.9 July .........................: 51,855 44,361 -14.5 361,709 283,156 -21.7 August .......................: 48,679 42,317 -13.1 410,388 325,473 -20.7 September ....................: 53,295 43,705 -18.0 463,683 369,178 -20.4 October ......................: 39,853 35,031 -12.1 503,536 404,209 -19.7 November .....................: 44,990 548,526 December .....................: 50,824 599,350 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Dairy Products Production by Product and Month - United States: 2024 and 2025 (continued) [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Monthly : Cumulative Product and month :----------------------------------------------------------- : : : Change : : : Change : 2024 : 2025 : from : 2024 : 2025 : from : : : 2024 : : : 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 pounds percent -- 1,000 pounds -- percent Dry whey, total 4/ : January ......................: 77,711 71,962 -7.4 77,711 71,962 -7.4 February .....................: 72,131 60,110 -16.7 149,842 132,072 -11.9 March ........................: 79,925 70,748 -11.5 229,767 202,820 -11.7 April ........................: 81,022 69,603 -14.1 310,789 272,423 -12.3 May ..........................: 68,285 71,549 4.8 379,074 343,972 -9.3 June .........................: 73,147 75,723 3.5 452,221 419,695 -7.2 July .........................: 67,869 69,809 2.9 520,090 489,504 -5.9 August .......................: 65,246 68,291 4.7 585,336 557,795 -4.7 September ....................: 68,014 69,106 1.6 653,350 626,901 -4.0 October ......................: 66,282 67,684 2.1 719,632 694,585 -3.5 November .....................: 64,801 784,433 December .....................: 69,016 853,449 : Lactose, human and animal : January ......................: 89,669 93,082 3.8 89,669 93,082 3.8 February .....................: 87,552 83,824 -4.3 177,221 176,906 -0.2 March ........................: 98,763 100,368 1.6 275,984 277,274 0.5 April ........................: 91,706 95,059 3.7 367,690 372,333 1.3 May ..........................: 92,772 98,067 5.7 460,462 470,400 2.2 June .........................: 94,183 94,925 0.8 554,645 565,325 1.9 July .........................: 95,088 95,978 0.9 649,733 661,303 1.8 August .......................: 94,905 94,185 -0.8 744,638 755,488 1.5 September ....................: 94,098 94,051 (Z) 838,736 849,539 1.3 October ......................: 91,558 90,202 -1.5 930,294 939,741 1.0 November .....................: 84,900 1,015,194 December .....................: 93,434 1,108,628 : Whey protein concentrate, total : January ......................: 43,441 38,597 -11.2 43,441 38,597 -11.2 February .....................: 39,300 36,190 -7.9 82,741 74,787 -9.6 March ........................: 44,487 42,310 -4.9 127,228 117,097 -8.0 April ........................: 39,670 42,124 6.2 166,898 159,221 -4.6 May ..........................: 43,757 41,794 -4.5 210,655 201,015 -4.6 June .........................: 40,928 42,955 5.0 251,583 243,970 -3.0 July .........................: 38,955 40,977 5.2 290,538 284,947 -1.9 August .......................: 41,791 40,430 -3.3 332,329 325,377 -2.1 September ....................: 39,747 42,190 6.1 372,076 367,567 -1.2 October ......................: 41,041 40,349 -1.7 413,117 407,916 -1.3 November .....................: 39,788 452,905 December .....................: 42,304 495,209 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Dairy Products Production by Product and Month - United States: 2024 and 2025 (continued) [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Monthly : Cumulative Product and month :----------------------------------------------------------- : : : Change : : : Change : 2024 : 2025 : from : 2024 : 2025 : from : : : 2024 : : : 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 pounds percent --- 1,000 pounds -- percent Cottage cheese, cream : January ......................: 32,705 39,893 22.0 32,705 39,893 22.0 February .....................: 32,596 34,305 5.2 65,301 74,198 13.6 March ........................: 35,450 39,291 10.8 100,751 113,489 12.6 April ........................: 35,925 37,486 4.3 136,676 150,975 10.5 May ..........................: 36,205 39,019 7.8 172,881 189,994 9.9 June .........................: 34,100 39,457 15.7 206,981 229,451 10.9 July .........................: 36,796 40,070 8.9 243,777 269,521 10.6 August .......................: 37,202 38,999 4.8 280,979 308,520 9.8 September ....................: 35,716 39,124 9.5 316,695 347,644 9.8 October ......................: 36,307 40,095 10.4 353,002 387,739 9.8 November .....................: 34,365 387,367 December .....................: 34,321 421,688 : Cottage cheese, lowfat : January ......................: 29,806 31,752 6.5 29,806 31,752 6.5 February .....................: 28,974 32,636 12.6 58,780 64,388 9.5 March ........................: 30,603 37,853 23.7 89,383 102,241 14.4 April ........................: 33,138 32,186 -2.9 122,521 134,427 9.7 May ..........................: 33,974 33,247 -2.1 156,495 167,674 7.1 June .........................: 31,643 34,140 7.9 188,138 201,814 7.3 July .........................: 33,441 36,595 9.4 221,579 238,409 7.6 August .......................: 33,288 36,226 8.8 254,867 274,635 7.8 September ....................: 31,670 35,627 12.5 286,537 310,262 8.3 October ......................: 33,713 36,822 9.2 320,250 347,084 8.4 November .....................: 34,035 354,285 December .....................: 30,273 384,558 : Sour cream : January ......................: 130,634 133,957 2.5 130,634 133,957 2.5 February .....................: 121,202 107,063 -11.7 251,836 241,020 -4.3 March ........................: 124,862 120,999 -3.1 376,698 362,019 -3.9 April ........................: 125,765 125,615 -0.1 502,463 487,634 -3.0 May ..........................: 128,595 129,945 1.0 631,058 617,579 -2.1 June .........................: 123,851 121,866 -1.6 754,909 739,445 -2.0 July .........................: 127,810 126,399 -1.1 882,719 865,844 -1.9 August .......................: 127,081 123,503 -2.8 1,009,800 989,347 -2.0 September ....................: 121,708 123,154 1.2 1,131,508 1,112,501 -1.7 October ......................: 140,433 136,141 -3.1 1,271,941 1,248,642 -1.8 November .....................: 134,697 1,406,638 December .....................: 140,167 1,546,805 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Dairy Products Production by Product and Month - United States: 2024 and 2025 (continued) [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Monthly : Cumulative Product and month :----------------------------------------------------------- : : : Change : : : Change : 2024 : 2025 : from : 2024 : 2025 : from : : : 2024 : : : 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 gallons percent 1,000 gallons percent Ice cream, regular hard : January ......................: 52,014 59,544 14.5 52,014 59,544 14.5 February .....................: 58,860 55,577 -5.6 110,874 115,121 3.8 March ........................: 65,548 60,239 -8.1 176,422 175,360 -0.6 April ........................: 64,655 62,484 -3.4 241,077 237,844 -1.3 May ..........................: 67,102 64,369 -4.1 308,179 302,213 -1.9 June .........................: 67,559 64,893 -3.9 375,738 367,106 -2.3 July .........................: 66,546 69,636 4.6 442,284 436,742 -1.3 August .......................: 69,927 66,104 -5.5 512,211 502,846 -1.8 September ....................: 59,071 58,684 -0.7 571,282 561,530 -1.7 October ......................: 62,782 60,898 -3.0 634,064 622,428 -1.8 November .....................: 50,854 684,918 December .....................: 51,762 736,680 : Ice cream, lowfat total : January ......................: 27,109 29,232 7.8 27,109 29,232 7.8 February .....................: 34,859 30,436 -12.7 61,968 59,668 -3.7 March ........................: 38,899 35,447 -8.9 100,867 95,115 -5.7 April ........................: 38,798 38,068 -1.9 139,665 133,183 -4.6 May ..........................: 39,646 38,347 -3.3 179,311 171,530 -4.3 June .........................: 39,543 38,806 -1.9 218,854 210,336 -3.9 July .........................: 38,359 39,072 1.9 257,213 249,408 -3.0 August .......................: 39,201 35,252 -10.1 296,414 284,660 -4.0 September ....................: 31,778 32,475 2.2 328,192 317,135 -3.4 October ......................: 32,887 32,172 -2.2 361,079 349,307 -3.3 November .....................: 25,696 386,775 December .....................: 25,013 411,788 : Sherbet, hard : January ......................: 1,700 1,550 -8.8 1,700 1,550 -8.8 February .....................: 1,495 1,332 -10.9 3,195 2,882 -9.8 March ........................: 1,750 1,497 -14.5 4,945 4,379 -11.4 April ........................: 1,774 1,652 -6.9 6,719 6,031 -10.2 May ..........................: 1,793 1,671 -6.8 8,512 7,702 -9.5 June .........................: 1,756 1,876 6.8 10,268 9,578 -6.7 July .........................: 1,848 1,754 -5.1 12,116 11,332 -6.5 August .......................: 2,167 1,748 -19.3 14,283 13,080 -8.4 September ....................: 1,710 1,450 -15.2 15,993 14,530 -9.1 October ......................: 1,592 1,899 19.3 17,585 16,429 -6.6 November .....................: 1,316 18,901 December .....................: 1,448 20,349 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Dairy Products Production by Product and Month - United States: 2024 and 2025 (continued) [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Monthly : Cumulative Product and month :----------------------------------------------------------- : : : Change : : : Change : 2024 : 2025 : from : 2024 : 2025 : from : : : 2024 : : : 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 pounds percent --- 1,000 pounds -- percent Yogurt, plain and flavored : January ......................: 399,345 420,826 5.4 399,345 420,826 5.4 February .....................: 397,744 422,522 6.2 797,089 843,348 5.8 March ........................: 429,451 465,478 8.4 1,226,540 1,308,826 6.7 April ........................: 417,366 454,329 8.9 1,643,906 1,763,155 7.3 May ..........................: 402,431 433,591 7.7 2,046,337 2,196,746 7.4 June .........................: 394,042 438,543 11.3 2,440,379 2,635,289 8.0 July .........................: 403,497 448,111 11.1 2,843,876 3,083,400 8.4 August .......................: 424,277 449,117 5.9 3,268,153 3,532,517 8.1 September ....................: 431,754 453,105 4.9 3,699,907 3,985,622 7.7 October ......................: 418,991 450,007 7.4 4,118,898 4,435,629 7.7 November .....................: 384,022 4,502,920 December .....................: 376,472 4,879,392 : : 1,000 gallons percent 1,000 gallons percent : Frozen yogurt, total : January ......................: 2,354 3,825 62.5 2,354 3,825 62.5 February .....................: 3,061 2,998 -2.1 5,415 6,823 26.0 March ........................: 3,528 3,805 7.9 8,943 10,628 18.8 April ........................: 2,819 2,971 5.4 11,762 13,599 15.6 May ..........................: 4,249 4,124 -2.9 16,011 17,723 10.7 June .........................: 3,546 3,520 -0.7 19,557 21,243 8.6 July .........................: 3,579 3,553 -0.7 23,136 24,796 7.2 August .......................: 3,575 3,444 -3.7 26,711 28,240 5.7 September ....................: 2,577 2,568 -0.3 29,288 30,808 5.2 October ......................: 2,997 2,911 -2.9 32,285 33,719 4.4 November .....................: 2,671 34,956 December .....................: 2,832 37,788 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (Z) Less than half of the unit shown. 1/ Excludes Cottage Cheese. 2/ Includes Cheddar, Colby, washed curd, stirred curd, Monterey, and Jack. 3/ Includes protein standardized and blends. 4/ Excludes all modified dry whey products. Total Cheese Production Excluding Cottage Cheese - States, United States, and Regions: October 2024 and 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : Change from : October : September : October :--------------------- State and region: 2024 : 2025 : 2025 : October :September : : : : 2024 : 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------------ 1,000 pounds ----------- ---- percent ---- : California .....: 204,481 202,895 204,504 (Z) 0.8 Idaho ..........: 94,446 84,031 91,767 -2.8 9.2 Illinois .......: 6,956 8,838 9,812 41.1 11.0 Iowa ...........: 31,981 32,548 33,466 4.6 2.8 Massachusetts ..: 47 (D) (D) (NA) (NA) Minnesota ......: 69,693 67,772 73,455 5.4 8.4 New Jersey .....: 8,832 8,368 9,211 4.3 10.1 New Mexico .....: 75,986 73,588 74,999 -1.3 1.9 New York .......: 74,802 74,841 77,952 4.2 4.2 Ohio ...........: 21,560 21,930 21,560 - -1.7 Pennsylvania ...: 39,882 40,366 39,921 0.1 -1.1 Vermont ........: 13,227 12,213 13,188 -0.3 8.0 Wisconsin ......: 315,022 300,851 309,387 -1.8 2.8 : Other States 1/ : 264,499 287,477 301,368 13.9 4.8 : United States ..: 1,221,414 1,215,718 1,260,590 3.2 3.7 : Atlantic .......: 141,117 140,062 144,599 2.5 3.2 Central ........: 608,834 622,639 650,885 6.9 4.5 West ...........: 471,463 453,017 465,106 -1.3 2.7 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. (Z) Less than half of the unit shown. 1/ States not shown when fewer than 3 plants reported or individual plant operations could be disclosed. American Cheese Production - States, United States, and Regions: October 2024 and 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : Change from : October : September : October :--------------------- State and region: 2024 : 2025 : 2025 : October :September : : : : 2024 : 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----------- 1,000 pounds ---------- --- percent --- : California .....: 47,958 45,910 46,124 -3.8 0.5 Iowa ...........: 16,811 16,087 17,554 4.4 9.1 Minnesota ......: 62,322 57,710 63,826 2.4 10.6 New York .......: 12,171 17,674 17,956 47.5 1.6 Wisconsin ......: 95,004 85,463 91,144 -4.1 6.6 : Other States 1/ : 248,827 251,223 257,439 3.5 2.5 : United States ..: 483,093 474,067 494,043 2.3 4.2 : Atlantic .......: 23,342 28,576 29,440 26.1 3.0 Central ........: 270,843 269,309 287,778 6.3 6.9 West ...........: 188,908 176,182 176,825 -6.4 0.4 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ States not shown when fewer than 3 plants reported or individual plant operations could be disclosed. Cheddar Cheese Production - States, United States, and Regions: October 2024 and 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : Change from : October : September : October :--------------------- State and region: 2024 : 2025 : 2025 : October :September : : : : 2024 : 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----------- 1,000 pounds ---------- ---- percent --- : California .....: 21,161 22,233 21,837 3.2 -1.8 Vermont ........: 9,554 9,510 9,996 4.6 5.1 Wisconsin ......: 61,066 52,040 57,776 -5.4 11.0 : Other States 1/ : 235,581 241,491 239,997 1.9 -0.6 : United States ..: 327,362 325,274 329,606 0.7 1.3 : Atlantic .......: 21,144 25,481 25,561 20.9 0.3 Central ........: 183,012 185,267 194,026 6.0 4.7 West ...........: 123,206 114,526 110,019 -10.7 -3.9 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ States not shown when fewer than 3 plants reported or individual plant operations could be disclosed. Total Italian Cheese Production - States, United States, and Regions: October 2024 and 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : Change from : October : September : October :--------------------- State and region: 2024 : 2025 : 2025 : October :September : : : : 2024 : 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----------- 1,000 pounds ---------- --- percent --- : California .....: 136,342 138,420 138,086 1.3 -0.2 Minnesota ......: 7,195 9,849 9,444 31.3 -4.1 New Jersey .....: 4,946 5,308 4,904 -0.8 -7.6 New York .......: 30,503 26,281 28,537 -6.4 8.6 Pennsylvania ...: 22,531 23,271 22,389 -0.6 -3.8 Wisconsin ......: 150,584 148,008 151,012 0.3 2.0 : Other States 1/ : 158,475 165,083 180,890 14.1 9.6 : United States ..: 510,576 516,220 535,262 4.8 3.7 : Atlantic .......: 60,788 57,672 58,615 -3.6 1.6 Central ........: 215,953 231,148 239,318 10.8 3.5 West ...........: 233,835 227,400 237,329 1.5 4.4 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ States not shown when fewer than 3 plants reported or individual plant operations could be disclosed. Mozzarella Cheese Production - States, United States, and Regions: October 2024 and 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : Change from : October : September : October :--------------------- State and region: 2024 : 2025 : 2025 : October :September : : : : 2024 : 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----------- 1,000 pounds ---------- ---- percent --- : California .....: 125,653 128,299 125,620 (Z) -2.1 New Jersey .....: 2,834 3,368 2,801 -1.2 -16.8 New York .......: 14,291 11,223 12,284 -14.0 9.5 Pennsylvania ...: 18,067 19,155 17,910 -0.9 -6.5 Wisconsin ......: 97,169 90,312 92,050 -5.3 1.9 : Other States 1/ : 147,179 151,094 168,470 14.5 11.5 : United States ..: 405,193 403,451 419,135 3.4 3.9 : Atlantic .......: 36,797 35,347 34,557 -6.1 -2.2 Central ........: 146,112 152,285 160,666 10.0 5.5 West ...........: 222,284 215,819 223,912 0.7 3.7 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (Z) Less than half of the unit shown. 1/ States not shown when fewer than 3 plants reported or individual plant operations could be disclosed. Butter Production - States, United States, and Regions: October 2024 and 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : Change from : October : September : October :--------------------- State and region: 2024 : 2025 : 2025 : October :September : : : : 2024 : 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----------- 1,000 pounds ---------- --- percent --- : California .....: 48,665 51,087 51,085 5.0 (Z) Pennsylvania ...: 6,725 3,807 6,503 -3.3 70.8 : Other States 1/ : 113,299 124,239 128,207 13.2 3.2 : United States ..: 168,689 179,133 185,795 10.1 3.7 : Atlantic .......: 13,987 9,552 13,526 -3.3 41.6 Central ........: 68,142 76,026 75,394 10.6 -0.8 West ...........: 86,560 93,555 96,875 11.9 3.5 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (Z) Less than half of the unit shown. 1/ States not shown when fewer than 3 plants reported or individual plant operations could be disclosed. Nonfat Dry Milk (Human) Production - States, United States, and Regions: October 2024 and 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : Change from : October : September : October :--------------------- State and region: 2024 : 2025 : 2025 : October :September : : : : 2024 : 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----------- 1,000 pounds ---------- --- percent --- : California .....: 46,178 48,348 50,643 9.7 4.7 Pennsylvania ...: 10,143 10,179 10,250 1.1 0.7 : Other States 1/ : 68,348 59,704 61,850 -9.5 3.6 : United States ..: 124,669 118,231 122,743 -1.5 3.8 : Atlantic .......: 19,909 19,245 19,780 -0.6 2.8 Central ........: 32,444 26,706 30,375 -6.4 13.7 West ...........: 72,316 72,280 72,588 0.4 0.4 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ States not shown when fewer than 3 plants reported or individual plant operations could be disclosed. Dry Whey (Human) Production - States, United States, and Regions: October 2024 and 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : Change from : October : September : October :--------------------- State and region: 2024 : 2025 : 2025 : October :September : : : : 2024 : 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------- 1,000 pounds ---------- ---- percent --- : New York .......: 10,476 10,551 10,898 4.0 3.3 Wisconsin ......: 21,756 21,700 19,851 -8.8 -8.5 : Other States 1/ : 30,469 35,728 35,609 16.9 -0.3 : United States ..: 62,701 67,979 66,358 5.8 -2.4 : Atlantic .......: 19,773 20,219 20,115 1.7 -0.5 Central ........: 30,920 35,955 36,304 17.4 1.0 West ...........: 12,008 11,805 9,939 -17.2 -15.8 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ States not shown when fewer than 3 plants reported or individual plant operations could be disclosed. Ice Cream, Regular (Hard) Production - States, United States, and Regions: October 2024 and 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : Change from : October : September : October :--------------------- State and region: 2024 : 2025 : 2025 : October :September : : : : 2024 : 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------- 1,000 gallons --------- ---- percent --- : California .....: 6,528 6,453 6,149 -5.8 -4.7 Connecticut ....: 277 519 596 115.2 14.8 New York .......: 1,979 1,999 2,159 9.1 8.0 Ohio ...........: 2,504 2,315 2,504 - 8.2 Pennsylvania ...: 4,317 4,263 4,347 0.7 2.0 Utah ...........: 1,406 1,425 1,365 -2.9 -4.2 Wisconsin ......: 737 761 737 - -3.2 : Other States 1/ : 45,034 40,949 43,041 -4.4 5.1 : United States ..: 62,782 58,684 60,898 -3.0 3.8 : Atlantic .......: 13,551 14,365 14,627 7.9 1.8 Central ........: 37,902 33,182 35,516 -6.3 7.0 West ...........: 11,329 11,137 10,755 -5.1 -3.4 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. 1/ States not shown when fewer than 3 plants reported or individual plant operations could be disclosed. West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming. Central: Alabama, Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Wisconsin. Atlantic: Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, North Carolina, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia. Statistical Methodology Data Collection Period: Dairy products estimates are based upon survey data collected after the close of each month. Production data are provided by the firms producing dairy products. Sampling frames and sample size: In 2024, there were 1,183 manufacturers that produced one or more dairy products. In states with small numbers of plants, reports are received from all plants each month. In states with large numbers of plants, survey procedures are designed to obtain monthly reports from all large plants and from a sample of small plants. In some states, the State Departments of Agriculture assist in collection of data, which eliminates duplicate reporting and reduces respondent burden. Modes of data collection: Data are collected by mail, personal and telephone interviews, facsimile, and via electronic mail. Terms and definitions: Firms complete the questionnaire using standard industry definitions and through the aid of instructions and definitions provided on the questionnaire. Reliability: Data for the Dairy Products report are collected by a Census of all known manufacturers of dairy products in the United States. Firms producing large quantities of dairy products, along with a sample of smaller firms, are contacted monthly to collect previous month production data. Those small firms not contacted monthly are contacted after the close of the year to obtain previous year production. Production of products at small firms not contacted monthly are estimated during the monthly survey based upon check data, and state and national trends. Small firms are defined as those that do not make up a significant portion of the published total. Plants storing nonfat dry milk and dry whey are required under Federal law as defined in Public Laws 106-532 and 107-171 to complete the Dairy Products report. Plants storing these items are contacted monthly. Additionally, many state governments have mandated that dairy plants in their state complete the Dairy Products report each month. Because the Dairy Products survey is a census, sampling error should not affect the final estimates, however non-sampling errors are possible. Estimating Procedures: In the Regional Field Office (RFO), data reported by firms are reviewed for reasonableness and consistency by comparing with data reported in prior months and by data reported by other firms in the State. Each RFO summarizes data at the Individual State level. State estimates are submitted to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB) along with supporting comments where they are compared with surrounding states, their region, and national trends. During both RFO and ASB review, plants are sometimes contacted again for further verification of numbers reported. After ASB review, RFO data are summarized into a National level summary. Revision Policy: Monthly estimates are subject to revision the month following the preliminary estimates. Annual estimates are published in late April in the Dairy Products Yearly Summary report which includes any revisions made to previous 2 years of estimates. Revisions are generally due to plant data that are received too late to be included in the current report. Information Contacts Listed below are the commodity specialists in the Livestock Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to nass@usda.gov. Travis Averill, Chief, Livestock Branch................................................ (202) 692-0069 Sherry Bertramsen - Livestock Slaughter............................................. (202) 690-8632 Tiffany Byrne - Dairy Products...................................................... (651) 440-7789 Ryan Cowen - Cattle, Cattle on Feed................................................. (202) 720-3040 Kim DaPra - Milk Production......................................................... (202) 720-3278 Fatema Haque - Poultry Slaughter, Turkey Hatchery, Turkeys Raised................... (202) 720-3244 Derron Martin - Catfish, Census of Aquaculture, Egg Products, Mink, Trout........... (202) 690-3237 Ralph Mondesir - Hogs and Pigs...................................................... (202) 720-3106 Suzanne Richards - Cost of Pollination, Honey, Honey Bee Colonies, Sheep and Goats.. (202) 720-4448 Shulonda Shaw - Capacity of Refrigerated Warehouses, Cold Storage................... (202) 720-3240 Autumn Stone - Layers, Eggs......................................................... (202) 690-3676 Takiyah Walker - Broiler Hatchery, Chicken Hatchery................................. (202) 720-6147 Access to NASS Reports For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways: All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: www.nass.usda.gov. The national specific reports are available via a free e-mail subscription. To set-up this free subscription, visit www.nass.usda.gov and click on "National" in upper right corner above "search" box to create an account and select the reports you would like to receive. Economics, Statistics, and Market Information (ESMIS) - National Agricultural Library (NAL) website houses NASS's and other agency archived reports at https://esmis.nal.usda.gov. All email subscriptions containing reports will be sent from https://esmis.nal.usda.gov. To receive the reports via e-mail, you will have to go to the website, create a new account and subscribe to the reports. You should whitelist notifications@esmis.nal.usda.gov in your email client to avoid the emails going into spam/junk folders. For more information on NASS surveys and reports, call the NASS Agricultural Statistics Hotline at (800) 727-9540, 7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET, or e-mail: nass@usda.gov. If you have specific questions you would like an expert to respond to, please visit our "Ask A Specialist" website at www.nass.usda.gov/Contact_Us/Ask_a_Specialist. In accordance with Federal civil rights law and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) civil rights regulations and policies, the USDA, its Agencies, offices, and employees, and institutions participating in or administering USDA programs are prohibited from discriminating based on race, color, national origin, religion, sex, disability, age, marital status, family/parental status, income derived from a public assistance program, political beliefs, or reprisal or retaliation for prior civil rights activity, in any program or activity conducted or funded by USDA (not all bases apply to all programs). Remedies and complaint filing deadlines vary by program or incident. Persons with disabilities who require alternative means of communication for program information (e.g., Braille, large print, audiotape, American Sign Language, etc.) should contact the responsible Agency or USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TTY) or contact USDA through the Federal Relay Service at (800) 877-8339. Additionally, program information may be made available in languages other than English. To file a program discrimination complaint, complete the USDA Program Discrimination Complaint Form, AD-3027, found online at How to File a Program Discrimination Complaint and at any USDA office or write a letter addressed to USDA and provide in the letter all of the information requested in the form. To request a copy of the complaint form, call (866) 632-9992. Submit your completed form or letter to USDA by: (1) mail: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, D.C. 20250-9410; (2) fax: (202) 690- 7442; or (3) email: program.intake@usda.gov. USDA is an equal opportunity provider, employer, and lender.