Agricultural Prices ISSN: 1937-4216 Released December 15, 2025, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Special Note The October Producer Price Index (PPI), published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), was delayed and therefore unavailable to be used in the calculation of the Prices Paid Index for Commodities and Services, Interest, Taxes, and Farm Wage Rates (PPITW) and 25 additional sub-indexes. NASS calculated the average monthly change in the PPI from April 2025 to September 2025 and applied the change to the September PPI. Once the October PPI is published by BLS the indexes will be updated. October Prices Received Index Down 8.8 Percent The October Prices Received Index 2011 Base (Agricultural Production), at 120.5, decreased 8.8 percent from September but increased 6.9 percent from October 2024. At 96.2, the Crop Production Index was down 4.9 percent from last month but up 7.2 percent from the previous year. The Livestock Production Index, at 158.4, decreased 3.0 percent from September, but increased 2.1 percent from October last year. Producers received higher prices during October for lettuce, broccoli, calves, and strawberries but lower prices for market eggs, broilers, cattle, and hogs. In addition to prices, the volume change of commodities marketed also influences the indexes. In October, there was increased monthly movement for soybeans, corn, calves, and cotton and decreased marketing of cattle, milk, broilers, and market eggs. October Prices Paid Index Up 1.1 Percent The October Prices Paid Index for Commodities and Services, Interest, Taxes, and Farm Wage Rates (PPITW), at 154.6, is up 1.1 from September 2025 and 11 percent from October 2024. Higher prices in October for feeder cattle, feeder pigs, milk cows, and other services more than offset lower prices for LP gas, diesel, feed grains, and gasoline. Prices Received, Prices Paid, and Ratio of Prices Received to Prices Paid Indexes 2011 Base - United States: October 2025 with Comparisons ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : October : September : October Index Group : 2024 : 2025 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : percent percent percent : : Prices received by farmers ...............: 112.7 132.1 120.5 : Prices paid by farmers ...................: 139.7 152.9 154.6 : Ratio of prices received to prices paid ..: 81 86 78 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Contents Prices Received by Farmers...................................................................... ............................................................................. ...................................... 4 Prices Received Indexes, 2011 Base - United States: October 2025 with Comparisons............................................................. ..................................................................... 5 Prices Received Indexes, 1910-1914 Base - United States: October 2025 with Comparisons............................................................. ................................................................ 5 Prices Received Indexes, 2011 Base by Month for Selected Groups - United States: 2024 and 2025................................................................ ..................................................... 5 Prices Paid Indexes, 2011 Base by Month for Selected Groups - United States: 2024 and 2025................................................................ ......................................................... 6 Prices Received for Field Crops and Fruits - United States: October 2025 with Comparisons............................................................. ............................................................. 7 Prices Received for Vegetables and Livestock - United States: October 2025 with Comparisons............................................................. ........................................................... 8 Prices Received for All Wheat, Corn, and Soybeans by Month - United States: 2025 with Comparisons............................................................. ..................................................... 9 Prices Received for Beef Cattle and All Hogs by Month - United States: 2025 with Comparisons............................................................. .......................................................... 9 Prices Received for All Wheat - States and United States: October 2025 with Comparisons............................................................. ............................................................... 10 Prices Received for Winter Wheat - States and United States: October 2025 with Comparisons............................................................. ............................................................ 10 Prices Received for Durum Wheat - States and United States: October 2025 with Comparisons............................................................. ............................................................. 11 Prices Received for Spring Wheat - States and United States: October 2025 with Comparisons............................................................. ............................................................ 11 Prices Received for Oats - States and United States: October 2025 with Comparisons............................................................. .................................................................... 11 Prices Received for All Barley - States and United States: October 2025 with Comparisons............................................................. .............................................................. 12 Prices Received for Malting Barley - States and United States: October 2025 with Comparisons............................................................. .......................................................... 12 Prices Received for Feed Barley - States and United States: October 2025 with Comparisons............................................................. ............................................................. 12 Prices Received for Corn - States and United States: October 2025 with Comparisons............................................................. .................................................................... 13 Prices Received for Sorghum Grain - States and United States: October 2025 with Comparisons............................................................. ........................................................... 13 Prices Received for Soybeans - States and United States: October 2025 with Comparisons............................................................. ................................................................ 14 Prices Received for Dry Edible Beans - States and United States: October 2025 with Comparisons............................................................. ........................................................ 14 Prices Received for Dry Edible Peas - States and United States: October 2025 with Comparisons............................................................. ......................................................... 15 Prices Received for Lentils - States and United States: October 2025 with Comparisons............................................................. ................................................................. 15 Prices Received for All Chickpeas - States and United States: October 2025 with Comparisons............................................................. ........................................................... 15 Prices Received for Canola - States and United States: October 2025 with Comparisons............................................................. .................................................................. 16 Prices Received for Flaxseed - States and United States: October 2025 with Comparisons............................................................. ................................................................ 16 Prices Received for Peanuts (in shell) - States and United States: October 2025 with Comparisons............................................................. ...................................................... 16 Prices Received for Sunflower - States and United States: October 2025 with Comparisons............................................................. ............................................................... 16 Prices Received for Upland Cotton and Cottonseed - States and United States: October 2025 with Comparisons............................................................. ............................................ 17 Prices Received and Marketings for Upland Cotton and Rice - United States: October 2025 with Comparisons............................................................. .............................................. 17 Prices Received for Hay by Type - States and United States: October 2025 with Comparisons............................................................. ............................................................. 18 Prices Received for Premium and Supreme Alfalfa Hay - States and 5-State Total: October 2025................................................................. ...................................................... 18 Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization - States and United States: October 2024................................................................. ......................................................... 19 Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization - States and United States: September 2025............................................................... ......................................................... 19 Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization - States and United States: October 2025................................................................. ......................................................... 19 Prices Received for All Milk - States and United States: October 2025 with Comparisons............................................................. ................................................................ 20 Prices Received for Milk Cows - States and United States: October 2025 with Comparisons............................................................. ............................................................... 20 Parity Price Overview..................................................................... ............................................................................. ............................................ 21 Commodity Parity Prices and Price as Percent of Parity Price - United States: October 2025 with Comparisons............................................................. ........................................... 22 Commodity Parity Prices - United States: October 2025 with Comparisons............................................................. ............................................................................. ... 23 Marketing Year for Specified Commodities.................................................................. ............................................................................. ............................ 25 Market Year Average Prices Received for Proso Millet - States and United States: Marketing Years 2023 and 2024................................................................ ............................................................................. ...................................................... 25 Market Year Average Prices Received for Corn - States and United States: Marketing Years 2023 and 2024 26 Prices Received for Corn by Month - States and United States: Marketing Year 2023-2024............................................................... .............................................................. 27 Prices Received for Corn by Month - States and United States: Marketing Year 2024-2025............................................................... .............................................................. 28 Marketing Percentages of Corn by Month - States and United States: Marketing Years 2023-2024 and 2024-2025................................................................ ............................................................................. ...................................................... 29 ............................................................................. ............................................................................. ......................................................... All Rice Prices Received and Marketing Percentages by Month - United States: Marketing Years 2023-2024 through 2024-2025............................................................ ............................................................................. ...................................................... 30 Long Grain Rice Prices Received and Marketing Percentages by Month - United States: Marketing Years 2023-2024 through 2024-2025............................................................ ............................................................................. ............................................ 30 Medium and Short Grain Rice Prices Received and Marketing Percentages by Month - United States: Marketing Years 2023-2024 through 2024-2025............................................................ ............................................................................. ...................................... 31 Medium and Short Grain Rice Prices Received by Month - California and Other States: Marketing Years 2023-2024 through 2024-2025............................................................ ............................................................................. ............................................ 31 Reliability of Prices Received Estimates.................................................................... ............................................................................. .......................... 32 Prices Paid by Farmers...................................................................... ............................................................................. .......................................... 33 Prices Paid Indexes and Related Parity Ratios - United States: October 2025 with Comparisons............................................................. .......................................................... 34 Prices Paid Indexes and Annual Weights for Input Components and Sub-components - United States: October 2025 with Comparisons............................................................. ............................................................................. ......................................... 35 Feed Price Ratios - United States: October 2025 with Comparisons............................................................. ............................................................................. ......... 36 Prices Received Used to Calculate Feed Price Ratios - United States: October 2025 with Comparisons............................................................. .................................................... 36 Prices Paid for Feeder Livestock - United States: October 2025 with Comparisons............................................................. ....................................................................... 36 Reliability of Prices Paid Estimates.................................................................... ............................................................................. .............................. 37 Information Contacts..................................................................... ............................................................................. ............................................. 38 October Prices Received by Farmers Crop production: The October index, at 96.2, is 4.9 percent lower than September but 7.2 percent higher than October 2024. The other crop index decrease more than offset the fruit & tree nut, vegetable & melon, and grain & oilseed index increases. Grain and oilseed: The October index, at 73.0, is up 0.1 percent from September but down 2.4 percent from October 2024. The food grain index increase more than offset the oilseed and feed grain index decreases. Feed grain: The October index, at 65.6, decreased 3.0 percent from last month and 1.9 percent from a year ago. The corn price, at 3.93 cents per bushel, is down 7 cents from last month and 6 cents from October 2024. Food grain: At 73.2, the index for October increased 2.7 percent from the previous month but decreased 16 percent from a year ago. The October price for all wheat, at $4.73 cents per bushel, is 4 cents lower than September and 74 cents lower than October 2024. The October price for rice, at $12.10 per cwt, is 20 cents lower than September and $2.60 lower than October 2024. Oilseed: At 77.9, the index for October decreased 2.3 percent from September and 2.0 percent from October 2024. The soybean price, at $9.71 per bushel, is 14 cents lower than September and 20 cents lower than October a year earlier. Fruit and tree nut: The October index, at 173.7, is up 2.6 percent from September and 9.5 percent from a year earlier. Price increases during October for strawberries, apples, grapes, and grapefruit more than offset price declines for pears and lemons. Vegetable and melon: At 220.5, the index for October is up 63 percent from the previous month and 40 percent from October 2024. Price increases during October for lettuce, broccoli, cauliflower, and celery more than offset price declines for potatoes, sweet corn, onions, and tomatoes. Other crop: The October index, at 95.4, is down 7.8 percent from the previous month and 1.0 percent from October 2024. The all hay price, at $159.00 per ton, is down $1.00 from September and $5.00 from October 2024. At 63.1 cents per pound, the price for upland cotton is 2.4 cents higher than September but 0.5 cent lower than October 2024. Livestock production: The index for October, at 158.4, decreased 3.0 percent from the previous month but increased 2.1 percent from October a year earlier. The meat animal, dairy, and poultry & egg indexes all decreased. Meat animal: At 189.2, the October index decreased 0.4 percent from the previous month but increased 28 percent from a year earlier. At $71.30 per cwt, the October hog price is $5.90 lower than September but $7.40 higher than a year earlier. The October beef cattle price of $232.00 per cwt is $6.00 lower than the previous month but $45.00 higher than October 2024. Dairy: The index for October, at 99.5, is down 2.0 percent from the previous month and 20 percent from October a year ago. The October all milk price of $20.00 per cwt is 40 cents lower than September and $5.10 lower than October 2024. Poultry and egg: At 144.7, the October index decreased 11 percent from September and 24 percent from October 2024. The October market egg price, at $1.47 per dozen, is 46.0 cents lower than September and $1.25 lower than October 2024. The October broiler price, at 58.2 cents per pound, is 5.7 cents lower than September and 15.9 cents lower than a year ago. At $1.16 per pound, the October turkey price is 8.0 cents higher than the previous month and 55.7 cents higher than October 2024. Food Commodities: The index, at 133.9, decreased 8.0 percent from the previous month but increased 6.0 percent from October 2024. Prices Received Indexes, 2011 Base - United States: October 2025 with Comparisons [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] -------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2011 Base :----------------------------------- : October : September : October Index Group : 2024 : 2025 : 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : Agricultural production ........: 112.7 132.1 120.5 Crop production ..............: 89.7 101.2 96.2 Grain and oilseed ..........: 74.8 72.9 73.0 Feed grain ...............: 66.9 67.6 65.6 Food grain ...............: 86.9 71.3 73.2 Oilseed ..................: 79.5 79.7 77.9 Fruit and tree nut .........: 158.7 169.3 173.7 Vegetable and melon ........: 158.1 135.5 220.5 Other crop .................: 96.4 103.5 95.4 : Livestock production .........: 155.2 163.3 158.4 Meat animal ................: 147.3 189.9 189.2 Cattle ...................: 169.8 215.4 217.9 Hog ......................: 96.1 116.1 107.2 Dairy ......................: 124.9 101.5 99.5 Poultry and egg ............: 189.4 162.4 144.7 : Food commodity .................: 126.3 145.5 133.9 -------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received Indexes, 1910-1914 Base - United States: October 2025 with Comparisons [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] -------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1910 - 1914 Base :----------------------------------- : October : September : October Index Group : 2024 : 2025 : 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : Agricultural production ........: 1163 1363 1244 Crop production ..............: 781 882 838 Livestock production .........: 1804 1899 1842 -------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received Indexes, 2011 Base by Month for Selected Groups - United States: 2024 and 2025 [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2011 Base :--------------------------------------------------------------- Month : Agricultural : Crop : Livestock : Food : production : production : production : commodities :--------------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -- percent -- -- percent -- -- percent -- -- percent -- : January .......: 111.8 129.7 98.1 88.8 136.0 189.0 125.2 151.2 February ......: 120.3 147.3 101.3 96.7 140.8 193.8 133.3 166.9 March .........: 122.1 142.8 100.2 96.0 144.1 182.7 135.2 159.5 April .........: 122.5 137.7 101.9 100.7 142.2 168.1 133.8 150.6 May ...........: 123.9 140.2 104.0 103.4 142.7 170.5 135.3 154.0 June ..........: 126.8 138.5 107.5 103.6 147.4 170.2 139.9 153.1 July ..........: 123.4 136.4 100.3 102.8 152.4 172.4 136.7 151.6 August ........: 128.4 137.7 100.6 105.3 158.4 168.1 144.4 153.3 September .....: 121.1 132.1 99.3 101.2 146.6 163.3 134.3 145.5 October .......: 112.7 120.5 89.7 96.2 155.2 158.4 126.3 133.9 November ......: 120.5 94.8 159.1 142.6 December ......: 127.0 93.2 172.5 148.6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Paid Indexes, 2011 Base by Month for Selected Groups - United States: 2024 and 2025 [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2011 Base :--------------------------------------------------------------- Month : All items : : Crop : Livestock : (PPITW) : Production : sector : sector :--------------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -- percent -- -- percent -- -- percent -- -- percent -- : January .......: 139.2 147.0 135.2 144.3 137.0 142.7 141.6 151.5 February ......: 139.9 147.5 136.0 144.8 137.2 142.9 142.8 152.2 March .........: 140.7 147.9 136.9 145.3 137.6 143.1 143.9 152.9 April .........: 140.3 148.7 136.6 146.5 137.5 143.1 143.3 154.5 May ...........: 140.3 149.5 136.7 147.6 137.3 143.5 143.6 155.8 June ..........: 140.0 149.9 136.2 148.0 137.1 143.9 143.1 156.3 July ..........: 139.7 150.8 135.9 149.1 137.1 144.1 142.6 157.6 August ........: 138.3 151.9 134.0 150.6 136.6 144.4 140.2 159.8 September .....: 138.0 152.9 133.5 151.7 136.5 144.6 139.6 161.4 October .......: 139.7 154.6 135.7 154.0 137.0 144.9 142.7 164.6 November ......: 140.2 136.4 136.9 143.8 December ......: 141.5 138.0 137.6 145.8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received for Field Crops and Fruits - United States: October 2025 with Comparisons [Price data source for fruits non-citrus commodities is United States Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Marketing Service] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 2011 : : : Commodity : Base Price : October 2024 :September 2025: October 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Field crops : Barley, all ...............dollars/bushel: 4.79 6.13 5.40 5.23 Feed .....................dollars/bushel: 4.59 3.50 3.98 3.96 Malting ..................dollars/bushel: 4.83 6.53 5.78 5.80 Beans, dry edible ............dollars/cwt: 34.60 38.20 28.10 29.00 Canola .......................dollars/cwt: 23.10 20.30 18.90 19.30 Chickpeas, all ...............dollars/cwt: 35.70 31.20 31.30 27.20 Large .......................dollars/cwt: 39.20 35.20 (D) 29.80 Small .......................dollars/cwt: 23.40 24.70 (D) 18.40 Corn ......................dollars/bushel: 6.02 3.99 4.00 3.93 : Cotton, Upland .............dollars/pound: 0.880 0.636 0.607 0.631 Cottonseed ...................dollars/ton: 131.00 223.00 (NA) 239.00 Flaxseed ..................dollars/bushel: 14.20 11.90 12.90 12.70 Hay, all, baled ..............dollars/ton: 159.00 164.00 160.00 159.00 Alfalfa .....................dollars/ton: 176.00 171.00 171.00 168.00 Other .......................dollars/ton: 119.00 150.00 138.00 140.00 Lentils ......................dollars/cwt: 27.50 34.10 27.20 25.30 Oats ......................dollars/bushel: 3.42 3.33 3.13 3.18 Peanuts, in-shell ..........dollars/pound: 0.252 0.259 0.260 0.244 : Peas, dry edible .............dollars/cwt: 13.60 13.30 11.30 11.80 Rice, all ....................dollars/cwt: 13.70 14.70 12.30 12.10 Long ........................dollars/cwt: 12.30 14.00 11.00 10.30 Medium and short ............dollars/cwt: 18.40 17.80 17.40 17.30 Sorghum grain ................dollars/cwt: 10.70 7.26 6.39 6.09 Soybeans ..................dollars/bushel: 12.50 9.91 9.85 9.71 Sunflowers, all ..............dollars/cwt: 29.00 21.00 25.70 22.80 : Wheat, all ................dollars/bushel: 7.44 5.47 4.77 4.73 Winter ...................dollars/bushel: 6.93 5.34 4.56 4.65 Durum ....................dollars/bushel: 9.22 6.83 6.01 5.96 Other spring .............dollars/bushel: 8.33 5.63 4.93 4.88 Hard red winter ..........dollars/bushel: 7.07 5.34 4.35 4.40 Soft red winter ..........dollars/bushel: 6.77 5.39 4.79 4.95 Hard red spring ..........dollars/bushel: 8.38 5.66 4.92 4.86 White ....................dollars/bushel: 6.58 5.32 5.19 4.98 : Fruits : Citrus, equivalent on-tree : Grapefruit ..................dollars/box: 7.47 33.07 8.40 28.23 Lemons ......................dollars/box: 12.30 22.40 36.49 32.42 Oranges .....................dollars/box: 8.16 19.50 22.06 22.51 : Non-citrus, fresh 1/ : Apples ...................dollars/pound: 0.325 0.718 0.688 0.714 Grapes .....................dollars/ton: 598.00 2,920.00 2,490.00 2,580.00 Peaches ....................dollars/ton: 507.00 2,190.00 2,070.00 (S) Pears ......................dollars/ton: 559.00 1,560.00 1,280.00 1,130.00 Strawberries ................dollars/cwt: 104.00 199.00 192.00 283.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1/ Beginning February 2020, price reflects FOB shipping point basis. Prices Received for Vegetables and Livestock - United States: October 2025 with Comparisons [Price data source for vegetables, livestock, and poultry commodities is United States Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Marketing Service] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 2011 : : : Commodity : Base Price : October 2024 :September 2025: October 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Vegetables, fresh 1/ : Asparagus ....................dollars/cwt: 37.50 (S) (S) (S) Beans, snap ..................dollars/cwt: 69.00 113.00 (S) 39.90 Broccoli .....................dollars/cwt: 41.60 105.00 110.00 194.00 Cantaloupes ..................dollars/cwt: 16.50 29.60 20.10 24.90 Carrots ......................dollars/cwt: 30.80 68.70 (X) (X) Cauliflower ..................dollars/cwt: 47.00 71.50 59.40 168.00 Celery .......................dollars/cwt: 22.50 64.70 67.30 79.80 Corn, sweet ..................dollars/cwt: 30.70 62.10 (S) 22.50 Cucumbers ....................dollars/cwt: 18.70 37.30 26.50 18.60 Lettuce, head ................dollars/cwt: 24.30 31.60 27.60 90.20 Onions 2/ ....................dollars/cwt: 11.90 29.90 21.50 18.70 Potatoes .....................dollars/cwt: 14.30 10.50 9.90 8.10 Tomatoes .....................dollars/cwt: 51.20 64.60 43.30 41.30 : Livestock : Calves .......................dollars/cwt: 142.00 322.00 447.00 491.00 Cattle, all beef .............dollars/cwt: 115.00 187.00 238.00 232.00 Cows 3/ .....................dollars/cwt: 71.60 128.00 164.00 162.00 Steers and heifers ..........dollars/cwt: 117.00 189.00 241.00 235.00 Milk cows 4/ ................dollars/head: 1,420.00 2,600.00 (NA) 3,110.00 Hogs, all ....................dollars/cwt: 66.50 63.90 77.20 71.30 Barrows and gilts ...........dollars/cwt: 66.80 63.60 76.60 71.10 Sows ........................dollars/cwt: 57.90 70.60 89.60 75.90 : Dairy and poultry : Milk, all 5/ .................dollars/cwt: 20.10 25.10 20.40 20.00 Fat test ........................percent: 4.35 4.26 4.24 4.35 Broilers, live 6/ ..........dollars/pound: 0.459 0.741 0.639 0.582 Eggs, all ..................dollars/dozen: 0.969 2.72 2.03 1.64 Market 7/ .................dollars/dozen: 0.796 2.72 1.93 1.47 Turkeys, live 8/ ...........dollars/pound: 0.680 0.603 1.08 1.16 : Adjusted for seasonal variation : Eggs, all ..................dollars/dozen: 0.979 3.24 2.42 1.96 Seasonal factor .................percent: 101 84 84 84 Milk, all ....................dollars/cwt: 20.20 24.00 19.80 19.10 Seasonal factor .................percent: 100 105 103 105 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Beginning February 2020, price reflects FOB shipping point basis 2/ Includes some processing. 3/ Beef cows and cull dairy cows sold for slaughter. 4/ Animals sold for dairy herd replacement only. Prices available for January, April, July, and October. 5/ Before deductions for hauling. Includes quality, quantity, and other premiums. Excludes hauling subsidies. 6/ Live weight equivalent price. 7/ Also referred to as table eggs. 8/ Live weight equivalent price is used when actual live weight price is not available. Beginning January 2011, price reflects FOB shipping point basis. Prior year price reflects delivered basis. Prices Received for All Wheat, Corn, and Soybeans by Month - United States: 2025 with Comparisons [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : All wheat : Corn : Soybeans Month :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : dollars per bushel : January ....: 8.81 6.77 5.52 6.63 4.74 4.29 14.50 12.80 10.00 February ...: 8.54 6.34 5.59 6.80 4.36 4.58 15.10 11.90 10.20 March ......: 8.35 6.01 5.71 6.67 4.36 4.57 14.90 11.80 10.20 April ......: 8.31 5.90 5.61 6.70 4.39 4.62 14.90 11.80 10.20 May ........: 8.07 6.19 5.58 6.54 4.51 4.64 14.40 11.90 10.40 June .......: 7.67 5.86 5.28 6.49 4.48 4.47 14.20 11.80 10.40 July .......: 7.61 5.52 4.94 6.22 4.23 4.29 14.70 11.30 10.20 August .....: 7.34 5.23 4.84 5.73 3.84 3.96 14.10 10.30 10.00 September ..: 7.06 5.36 4.77 5.21 3.97 4.00 13.20 10.20 9.85 October ....: 6.96 5.47 4.73 4.93 3.99 3.93 12.70 9.91 9.71 November ...: 6.52 5.45 4.66 4.07 13.00 9.84 December ...: 6.79 5.49 4.80 4.23 13.10 9.79 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Prices Received for Beef Cattle and All Hogs by Month - United States: 2025 with Comparisons [Price data source for livestock commodities is United States Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Marketing Service. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Beef cattle 1/ : All hogs 2/ Month :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per cwt : January ..: 156.00 172.00 199.00 58.50 53.00 61.10 February .: 158.00 178.00 203.00 59.60 58.20 66.00 March ....: 164.00 185.00 202.00 61.70 62.80 67.00 April ....: 171.00 185.00 208.00 57.00 66.90 65.50 May ......: 173.00 186.00 219.00 58.80 67.90 68.40 June .....: 181.00 189.00 228.00 64.60 68.80 76.70 July .....: 181.00 193.00 229.00 74.30 68.40 79.80 August ...: 182.00 190.00 236.00 73.70 67.80 79.80 September : 181.00 183.00 238.00 64.90 64.30 77.20 October ..: 182.00 187.00 232.00 60.40 63.90 71.30 November .: 180.00 188.00 57.50 65.40 December .: 172.00 190.00 53.30 62.30 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Cows and steers & heifers. 2/ Barrows & gilts and sows. Prices Received for All Wheat - States and United States: October 2025 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : October 2024 : September 2025 : October 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Arizona ............: (D) (S) (S) Arkansas ...........: (S) (D) (D) California .........: (D) (D) (D) Colorado ...........: 5.08 4.17 4.17 Idaho ..............: 5.54 5.48 4.93 Illinois ...........: 5.54 4.60 5.05 Indiana ............: 4.82 5.66 5.25 Kansas .............: 5.52 4.32 4.30 Michigan ...........: 5.50 4.84 4.93 Minnesota ..........: 5.51 4.75 4.75 : Missouri ...........: 5.74 4.86 5.31 Montana ............: 5.82 4.73 4.80 Nebraska ...........: 4.98 4.09 4.75 North Carolina .....: 4.91 4.67 4.48 North Dakota .......: 5.61 4.98 5.09 Ohio ...............: 5.40 4.82 5.01 Oklahoma ...........: 5.53 4.68 4.39 Oregon .............: (S) (S) (D) Pennsylvania .......: 5.88 4.69 5.40 South Dakota .......: 5.40 4.56 4.29 : Texas ..............: 4.85 4.19 4.95 Washington .........: 5.29 5.03 4.95 : United States ......: 5.47 4.77 4.73 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Winter Wheat - States and United States: October 2025 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : October 2024 : September 2025 : October 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Arkansas ...........: (S) (D) (D) California .........: (D) (D) (D) Colorado ...........: 5.08 4.17 4.17 Idaho ..............: 5.54 5.41 4.87 Illinois ...........: 5.54 4.60 5.05 Indiana ............: 4.82 5.66 5.25 Kansas .............: 5.52 4.32 4.30 Michigan ...........: 5.50 4.84 4.93 Missouri ...........: 5.74 4.86 5.31 Montana ............: 5.31 4.35 4.58 : Nebraska ...........: 4.98 4.09 4.75 North Carolina .....: 4.91 4.67 4.48 North Dakota .......: 5.03 4.61 4.48 Ohio ...............: 5.40 4.82 5.01 Oklahoma ...........: 5.53 4.68 4.39 Oregon .............: (S) (S) (D) Pennsylvania .......: 5.88 4.69 5.40 South Dakota .......: 5.25 4.01 4.04 Texas ..............: 4.85 4.19 4.95 Washington .........: 5.27 5.02 4.95 : United States ......: 5.34 4.56 4.65 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Durum Wheat - States and United States: October 2025 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : October 2024 : September 2025 : October 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Arizona ............: (D) (S) (S) California .........: (D) (S) (D) Montana ............: (D) (D) (S) North Dakota .......: 6.87 6.03 5.95 : United States ......: 6.83 6.01 5.96 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Spring Wheat - States and United States: October 2025 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : October 2024 : September 2025 : October 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Idaho ..............: 5.55 5.67 5.23 Minnesota ..........: 5.51 4.75 4.75 Montana ............: 6.18 5.30 (D) North Dakota .......: 5.38 4.89 4.78 South Dakota .......: 5.61 4.89 4.86 Washington .........: 5.47 5.15 4.94 : United States ......: 5.63 4.93 4.88 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Prices Received for Oats - States and United States: October 2025 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : October 2024 : September 2025 : October 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Illinois ...........: (D) (D) (D) Iowa ...............: 3.66 3.59 3.92 Michigan ...........: 3.70 3.47 3.55 Minnesota ..........: 2.80 2.76 3.24 Montana ............: (S) (S) (S) Nebraska ...........: (D) (D) (D) New York ...........: (S) (S) (S) North Dakota .......: 3.42 (D) 3.21 Pennsylvania .......: 4.14 (D) (D) South Dakota .......: 3.32 3.07 2.83 Texas ..............: (S) (S) (S) Wisconsin ..........: 3.86 3.52 3.75 : United States ......: 3.33 3.13 3.18 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for All Barley - States and United States: October 2025 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : October 2024 : September 2025 : October 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Colorado ...........: 6.85 6.83 5.53 Idaho ..............: 6.18 5.58 5.36 Minnesota ..........: (D) (D) (D) Montana ............: 5.90 5.25 5.83 North Dakota .......: 5.90 4.79 4.81 Washington .........: (D) 3.76 3.21 Wyoming ............: (D) (D) (D) : United States ......: 6.13 5.40 5.23 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Prices Received for Malting Barley - States and United States: October 2025 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : October 2024 : September 2025 : October 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Colorado ...........: 6.85 6.92 5.92 Idaho ..............: 6.27 5.76 5.96 Minnesota ..........: (S) (D) (D) Montana ............: 6.24 (D) (D) North Dakota .......: 7.07 (D) (D) Washington .........: (D) (D) (D) Wyoming ............: (D) (D) (S) : United States ......: 6.53 5.78 5.80 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Feed Barley - States and United States: October 2025 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : October 2024 : September 2025 : October 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Colorado ...........: (D) (D) (D) Idaho ..............: 2.76 3.90 3.91 Minnesota ..........: (D) (S) (S) Montana ............: (D) (D) (D) North Dakota .......: (D) 4.34 4.50 Washington .........: (D) 3.73 2.92 Wyoming ............: (S) (D) (D) : United States ......: 3.50 3.98 3.96 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Corn - States and United States: October 2025 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : October 2024 : September 2025 : October 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Colorado ...........: 4.70 4.33 4.54 Illinois ...........: 3.90 3.97 3.97 Indiana ............: 3.96 4.14 4.08 Iowa ...............: 4.01 3.90 3.90 Kansas .............: 4.13 3.97 3.89 Kentucky ...........: 4.08 4.36 4.42 Michigan ...........: 3.86 4.10 3.85 Minnesota ..........: 3.96 3.82 3.79 Missouri ...........: 3.79 3.96 3.88 Nebraska ...........: 4.12 4.02 3.96 : North Carolina .....: 4.76 4.52 4.98 North Dakota .......: 3.73 3.79 3.71 Ohio ...............: 3.82 3.97 3.98 Pennsylvania .......: 3.84 4.37 4.34 South Dakota .......: 3.79 3.67 3.64 Tennessee ..........: 4.78 4.18 4.26 Texas ..............: 5.11 4.49 4.56 Wisconsin ..........: 3.88 3.98 3.79 : United States ......: 3.99 4.00 3.93 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received for Sorghum Grain - States and United States: October 2025 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : October 2024 : September 2025 : October 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per cwt : Kansas .............: 7.09 5.94 5.77 Nebraska ...........: 6.83 6.22 6.54 Oklahoma ...........: (D) 6.24 5.92 Texas ..............: 8.23 6.74 6.73 : United States ......: 7.26 6.39 6.09 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Prices Received for Soybeans - States and United States: October 2025 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : October 2024 : September 2025 : October 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Arkansas ...........: 9.92 10.10 10.20 Illinois ...........: 10.10 10.00 9.96 Indiana ............: 10.20 10.10 9.91 Iowa ...............: 9.82 9.69 9.72 Kansas .............: 9.58 9.82 9.27 Kentucky ...........: 10.30 10.30 10.30 Louisiana ..........: 10.10 10.40 10.40 Michigan ...........: 10.40 10.10 9.86 Minnesota ..........: 9.86 9.58 9.49 Mississippi ........: 10.30 (D) 10.10 : Missouri ...........: 9.93 9.93 9.91 Nebraska ...........: 9.75 9.67 9.60 North Carolina .....: 10.60 10.10 10.30 North Dakota .......: 9.65 8.85 9.41 Ohio ...............: 9.98 10.40 10.10 South Dakota .......: 9.55 9.42 9.23 Tennessee ..........: 9.87 10.10 10.20 Wisconsin ..........: 9.90 9.41 9.56 : United States ......: 9.91 9.85 9.71 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Prices Received for Dry Edible Beans - States and United States: October 2025 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : October 2024 : September 2025 : October 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per cwt : Colorado ...........: (D) 33.10 38.20 Idaho ..............: (D) (D) (D) Michigan ...........: 40.90 33.30 33.50 Minnesota ..........: 37.90 26.20 28.60 Nebraska ...........: (D) (D) (D) North Dakota .......: 33.00 24.00 23.30 Washington .........: (D) (D) (S) : United States ......: 38.20 28.10 29.00 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Dry Edible Peas - States and United States: October 2025 with Comparisons ------------------------------------------------------------- State : October 2024 :September 2025: October 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per cwt : Idaho ..........: 13.60 (D) (D) Montana ........: (D) (D) (S) Nebraska .......: (D) (D) (S) North Dakota ...: 13.10 11.30 11.40 Washington .....: (D) (D) (D) : United States ..: 13.30 11.30 11.80 ------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Lentils - States and United States: October 2025 with Comparisons ------------------------------------------------------------ State : October 2024 :September 2025: October 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------ : dollars per cwt : Montana .......: (D) (D) (S) North Dakota ..: 31.60 23.10 (D) Washington ....: 37.40 (D) (D) : United States .: 34.10 27.20 25.30 ------------------------------------------------------------ (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for All Chickpeas - States and United States: October 2025 with Comparisons ------------------------------------------------------------ State : October 2024 :September 2025: October 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------ : dollars per cwt : Idaho .........: 31.00 (D) 30.60 Montana .......: (D) (S) (S) North Dakota ..: 25.00 (D) (D) Washington ....: 31.70 (D) 22.40 : United States .: 31.20 31.30 27.20 ------------------------------------------------------------ (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Canola - States and United States: October 2025 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : October 2024 : September 2025 : October 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per cwt : Minnesota ..........: (S) (D) (S) Montana ............: 17.30 (D) (S) North Dakota .......: 20.30 18.90 19.30 Washington .........: 19.00 (D) 18.00 : United States ......: 20.30 18.90 19.30 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Flaxseed - States and United States: October 2025 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : October 2024 : September 2025 : October 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : North Dakota .......: 11.90 12.90 12.70 : United States ......: 11.90 12.90 12.70 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received for Peanuts (in shell) - States and United States: October 2025 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : October 2024 : September 2025 : October 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per pound : Alabama ............: 0.226 0.254 0.239 Arkansas ...........: 0.244 0.229 0.216 Florida ............: 0.258 0.260 0.241 Georgia ............: 0.240 0.251 0.227 Mississippi ........: 0.245 0.264 0.275 Missouri ...........: 0.250 0.234 0.226 North Carolina .....: 0.284 0.274 0.270 Oklahoma ...........: 0.292 (S) 0.262 South Carolina .....: 0.243 0.261 0.220 Texas ..............: 0.388 0.294 0.297 Virginia ...........: 0.281 0.275 0.273 : United States ......: 0.259 0.260 0.244 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Sunflower - States and United States: October 2025 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : October 2024 : September 2025 : October 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per cwt : Kansas .............: (D) (S) (D) Minnesota ..........: (D) (D) (D) North Dakota .......: 21.70 26.30 23.20 South Dakota .......: 18.30 25.40 20.00 : United States ......: 21.00 25.70 22.80 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Upland Cotton and Cottonseed - States and United States: October 2025 with Comparisons [Cottonseed marketing year August - February] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Cotton, Upland : Cottonseed State :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : October : September : October : October : September : October : 2024 : 2025 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 : 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -------- dollars per pound -------- --------- dollars per ton -------- : Alabama ............: (D) (D) (D) 181.00 (S) 203.00 Arizona ............: (D) (D) (D) (D) (S) (S) Arkansas ...........: (D) (S) (D) 217.00 (S) (S) California .........: (S) (S) (S) 425.00 (S) (S) Georgia ............: 0.773 (D) 0.633 161.00 (S) 189.00 Louisiana ..........: (D) (S) (D) 243.00 (S) (S) Mississippi ........: (D) (D) (D) 229.00 (S) (S) North Carolina .....: (D) (S) 0.618 224.00 (S) 242.00 Tennessee ..........: (D) (D) (D) 250.00 (S) 242.00 Texas ..............: 0.633 0.605 0.713 229.00 (S) 253.00 : United States ......: 0.636 0.607 0.631 223.00 (S) 239.00 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received and Marketings for Upland Cotton and Rice - United States: October 2025 with Comparisons ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Item : October 2024 : September 2025 : October 2025 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Cotton, Upland : Average price ......dollars/pound: 0.636 0.607 0.631 Marketings 1/ ........1,000 bales: 583 94 626 : Rice, all : Average price ........dollars/cwt: 14.70 12.30 12.10 Marketings 2/ ..........1,000 cwt: 14,510 7,763 9,533 : Rice, long : Average price ........dollars/cwt: 14.00 11.00 10.30 Marketings 2/ ..........1,000 cwt: 11,851 6,137 6,998 : Rice, medium and short : California : Average price ........dollars/cwt: 18.10 18.10 17.90 : Other States 3/ : Average price ........dollars/cwt: 16.90 14.80 15.40 : United States : Average price ........dollars/cwt: 17.80 17.40 17.30 Marketings 2/ ..........1,000 cwt: 2,658 1,626 2,535 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Marketings based on a survey of cotton buyers in the major producing States - Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Texas. 2/ Purchases by private firms and rice (rough equivalent) shipped by cooperatives. 3/ Other States include Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, and Texas. Prices Received for Hay by Type - States and United States: October 2025 with Comparisons ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : All hay : Alfalfa hay : Other hay State :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : October :September : October : October :September : October : October :September : October : 2024 : 2025 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per ton : Arizona ..............: 168.00 180.00 189.00 170.00 180.00 190.00 145.00 145.00 140.00 California ...........: 229.00 221.00 224.00 240.00 230.00 230.00 200.00 190.00 200.00 Colorado .............: 180.00 168.00 184.00 185.00 170.00 185.00 165.00 155.00 170.00 Idaho ................: 151.00 158.00 153.00 150.00 155.00 150.00 155.00 180.00 175.00 Illinois .............: 167.00 145.00 138.00 180.00 160.00 155.00 140.00 110.00 105.00 Iowa .................: 112.00 102.00 105.00 121.00 105.00 110.00 93.00 92.00 98.00 Kansas ...............: 137.00 115.00 116.00 140.00 123.00 123.00 131.00 103.00 104.00 Kentucky .............: 181.00 208.00 203.00 220.00 235.00 240.00 175.00 190.00 185.00 Michigan .............: 163.00 150.00 146.00 170.00 160.00 155.00 135.00 130.00 130.00 Minnesota ............: 102.00 94.00 88.00 110.00 109.00 104.00 88.00 71.00 69.00 : Missouri .............: 124.00 122.00 124.00 175.00 170.00 165.00 110.00 115.00 115.00 Montana ..............: 132.00 142.00 137.00 135.00 145.00 140.00 125.00 125.00 120.00 Nebraska .............: 124.00 97.00 98.00 130.00 103.00 104.00 110.00 85.00 86.00 Nevada ...............: 179.00 161.00 161.00 180.00 160.00 160.00 160.00 175.00 175.00 New Mexico ...........: 236.00 242.00 251.00 250.00 250.00 260.00 180.00 200.00 205.00 New York .............: 193.00 189.00 201.00 230.00 235.00 255.00 183.00 175.00 185.00 North Dakota .........: 93.00 86.00 83.00 98.00 91.00 91.00 82.00 68.00 68.00 Ohio .................: 181.00 176.00 180.00 210.00 195.00 200.00 175.00 160.00 165.00 Oklahoma .............: 101.00 100.00 99.00 170.00 169.00 169.00 91.00 93.00 88.00 Oregon ...............: 215.00 195.00 191.00 215.00 190.00 185.00 215.00 210.00 210.00 : Pennsylvania .........: 189.00 203.00 214.00 240.00 245.00 265.00 182.00 190.00 200.00 South Dakota .........: 108.00 93.00 94.00 115.00 96.00 97.00 95.00 87.00 87.00 Texas ................: 162.00 153.00 152.00 248.00 229.00 229.00 153.00 132.00 134.00 Utah .................: 166.00 175.00 170.00 170.00 175.00 170.00 110.00 130.00 130.00 Washington ...........: 183.00 174.00 175.00 175.00 160.00 160.00 205.00 210.00 210.00 Wisconsin ............: 137.00 109.00 119.00 147.00 117.00 131.00 115.00 88.00 93.00 Wyoming ..............: 146.00 152.00 150.00 150.00 160.00 160.00 135.00 130.00 120.00 : United States ........: 164.00 160.00 159.00 171.00 171.00 168.00 150.00 138.00 140.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received for Premium and Supreme Alfalfa Hay - States and 5-State Total: October 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : October 2024 : September 2025 : October 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per ton : California .........: 290.00 275.00 275.00 Idaho ..............: 180.00 175.00 175.00 Michigan ...........: 205.00 190.00 185.00 Minnesota ..........: 176.00 170.00 161.00 New York ...........: 330.00 335.00 340.00 Pennsylvania .......: 330.00 370.00 375.00 Texas ..............: 283.00 250.00 270.00 Wisconsin ..........: 222.00 181.00 200.00 : 5-State Total 1/ 2/ : 236.00 221.00 223.00 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ 5-State total represents a weighted (hay purchases) average price for the five largest milk producing States (based on the pounds of milk produced during the previous month). 2/ For October 2024, includes California, Idaho, New York, Texas, and Wisconsin. For September 2025, includes California, Idaho, New York, Texas, and Wisconsin. For October 2025, includes California, Idaho, New York, Texas, and Wisconsin. Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization - States and United States: October 2024 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Equivalent returns Commodity, : FOB :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State, : packed : Packinghouse door : On-tree and type : fresh :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : All : Fresh : Process : All : Fresh : Process --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per box : Grapefruit ..........................: 52.90 35.41 40.29 (D) 33.07 37.85 (D) : Lemons ..............................: 48.70 28.84 36.56 13.72 22.40 29.07 9.32 : Oranges .............................: 38.00 22.54 25.89 (D) 19.50 22.91 (D) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization - States and United States: September 2025 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Equivalent returns Commodity, : FOB :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State, : packed : Packinghouse door : On-tree and type : fresh :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : All : Fresh : Process : All : Fresh : Process --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per box : Grapefruit ..........................: (D) 12.08 (D) (D) 8.40 (D) (D) : Lemons ..............................: 62.20 43.94 49.63 (D) 36.49 41.99 (D) : Oranges .............................: 43.50 25.43 31.65 (D) 22.06 28.36 (D) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization - States and United States: October 2025 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Equivalent returns Commodity, : FOB :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State, : packed : Packinghouse door : On-tree and type : fresh :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : All : Fresh : Process : All : Fresh : Process --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per box : Grapefruit ..........................: (D) 30.53 (D) (D) 28.23 (D) (D) : Lemons ..............................: 56.10 39.77 43.89 9.95 32.42 36.25 4.68 : Oranges .............................: 45.60 25.58 33.58 (D) 22.51 30.50 (D) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Prices Received for All Milk - States and United States: October 2025 with Comparisons [Before deduction for hauling. Includes quality, quantity, and other premiums. Excludes hauling subsidies] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : October 2024 : September 2025 : October 2025 State :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Price :Fat test : Price :Fat test : Price : Fat test ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- :dollars per cwt percent dollars per cwt percent dollars per cwt percent : Arizona ............: 24.90 4.05 19.70 3.94 19.00 4.01 California .........: 23.90 4.15 20.40 4.19 19.70 4.26 Colorado ...........: 25.10 3.98 19.70 4.00 19.10 4.13 Florida ............: 28.20 3.95 24.40 3.96 23.70 3.99 Georgia ............: 28.70 3.96 25.40 3.96 24.70 4.02 Idaho ..............: 25.10 4.38 20.00 4.25 20.50 4.49 Illinois ...........: 24.80 4.22 20.00 4.16 19.80 4.28 Indiana ............: 25.90 4.13 21.60 4.11 20.90 4.18 Iowa ...............: 25.20 4.46 19.80 4.32 19.50 4.45 Kansas .............: 24.40 4.34 18.80 4.30 18.50 4.48 : Michigan ...........: 24.70 4.19 20.30 4.18 20.10 4.31 Minnesota ..........: 25.80 4.53 20.60 4.41 20.40 4.55 New Mexico .........: 23.80 4.07 18.30 4.09 18.20 4.24 New York ...........: 25.60 4.26 21.00 4.28 20.10 4.37 Ohio ...............: 26.00 4.18 22.10 4.22 21.50 4.29 Oregon .............: 25.50 4.37 21.20 4.33 20.70 4.53 Pennsylvania .......: 25.50 4.20 20.60 4.21 19.80 4.32 South Dakota .......: 26.30 4.62 20.20 4.48 20.00 4.63 Texas ..............: 25.70 4.44 20.20 4.40 20.10 4.47 Utah ...............: 25.30 4.20 19.80 4.14 19.40 4.30 : Vermont ............: 25.80 4.28 21.40 4.32 20.40 4.41 Virginia ...........: 28.30 4.11 24.70 4.11 24.00 4.20 Washington .........: 26.00 4.38 20.20 4.32 19.30 4.55 Wisconsin ..........: 25.10 4.27 20.30 4.26 19.50 4.31 : United States ......: 25.10 4.26 20.40 4.24 20.00 4.35 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received for Milk Cows - States and United States: October 2025 with Comparisons [Animals sold for dairy herd replacement only. Quarterly United States milk cow prices are based on revised milk cow inventory] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : October 2024 : July 2025 : October 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per head : Arizona ............: 2,500 3,000 3,200 California .........: 2,450 2,900 3,000 Colorado ...........: 2,500 2,900 3,100 Florida ............: 2,500 2,950 3,150 Georgia ............: 2,500 2,830 3,000 Idaho ..............: 2,600 3,050 3,100 Illinois ...........: 2,480 2,870 2,970 Indiana ............: 2,830 3,030 3,150 Iowa ...............: 2,700 3,120 3,200 Kansas .............: 2,350 2,750 2,950 : Michigan ...........: 2,850 3,150 3,220 Minnesota ..........: 2,610 3,050 3,080 New Mexico .........: 2,100 2,600 2,700 New York ...........: 2,650 3,090 3,150 Ohio ...............: 2,500 3,010 3,100 Oregon .............: 2,600 3,000 3,000 Pennsylvania .......: 2,590 3,000 3,150 South Dakota .......: 2,350 2,840 3,000 Texas ..............: 2,700 2,900 3,000 Utah ...............: 2,300 2,600 2,800 : Vermont ............: 2,640 3,200 3,290 Virginia ...........: 2,500 2,870 2,930 Washington .........: 2,600 2,800 3,000 Wisconsin ..........: 2,850 3,290 3,360 : United States ......: 2,600 3,010 3,110 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Parity Price Overview Parity prices, based on data from January 2025, and adjusted base price data from which parity prices are computed are presented in the tables on the following pages. Parity prices are computed under the provisions of Title III. Subtitle A, Section 301(a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 as amended by the Agricultural Acts of 1948, 1949, 1954, and 1956. The parity prices shown in this report are based on the provisions of the amended Act. Briefly, the actual method of computation is as follows: a. The average of prices received by farmers for individual commodities for the 10 preceding years is calculated (for 2025, the 10-average includes the years 2015-2024). An allowance for unredeemed loans and other supplemental payments resulting from price support programs, such as the deficiency payments for grains and cotton, is included for those commodities for which applicable. b. This 10-year average is divided by the average of the Index of Prices Received by Farmers for the same 10 preceding calendar years, adjusted to include an allowance for unredeemed loans and other supplemental price support operations, to give an "adjusted base price". c. Parity prices are computed by multiplying the "adjusted base prices" by the current Parity Index (the Index of Prices Paid by Farmers, including Interest, Taxes, and Wage Rates, 1910-1914=100). Parity prices are calculated in terms of prices received by farmers in the local markets in which they ordinarily sell. This means that the parity prices apply to the average of all classes and grades of the commodity as sold by all farmers in the United States, except as otherwise specified. Fruits and vegetables for fresh use and for processing are usually considered separate commodities and separate parity prices are calculated. The Agricultural Marketing Agreement Act of 1937 provided for parity prices for certain commodities covered by a marketing agreement or order program. Under present legislation, United States parity prices, with appropriate adjustments where needed, may be used for the purpose of this Act. Commodity Parity Prices and Price as Percent of Parity Price - United States: October 2025 with Comparisons [Parity prices are computed under the provisions of Title III, Subtitle a, Section 301 (a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 as amended by the Agricultural Acts of 1948, 1949, and 1956. See February "Agricultural Prices" for details on adjusted base price and parity price computations. Parity data not available for blank cells. Primary source of data for livestock and milk prices is United States Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Marketing Service] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Parity price : Price as percent :Adjusted : : : of parity Commodity and unit : base :----------------------------------------------------------- : price : October :September: October : October :September: October : : 2024 : 2025 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 : 2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------------- dollars ------------- ------- percent ------ : Basic commodities : All wheat ............bushel: 0.521 20.10 21.60 21.80 27 22 22 Rice ....................cwt: 1.29 49.00 53.40 54.00 30 23 22 Corn .................bushel: 0.391 14.90 16.20 16.40 27 25 24 Cotton : Upland ..............pound: 0.064 2.45 2.65 2.68 26 23 24 American Pima .......pound: 0.129 5.17 5.34 5.40 28 26 26 Peanuts ...............pound: 0.020 0.755 0.827 0.837 34 31 29 Small chickpeas 1/ ......cwt: 2.34 87.20 96.80 97.90 28 15 19 Large chickpeas 1/ ......cwt: 2.73 102.00 113.00 114.00 35 28 26 Lentils 1/ ..............cwt: 2.55 91.30 105.00 107.00 37 26 24 : Designated non-basic : All milk, to plants 2/ ..cwt: 1.71 66.00 70.70 71.50 36 28 27 Honey, extracted 3/ ...pound: 0.211 7.92 8.73 8.83 32 31 30 : Wool and mohair : Wool ..................pound: 0.142 5.47 5.87 5.94 29 24 24 Mohair ................pound: 0.504 18.70 20.90 21.10 34 31 31 : Other non-basic : Apples, fresh 4/ ......pound: 0.049 1.770 2.030 2.050 41 34 35 Barley ...............bushel: 0.491 18.40 20.30 20.50 33 27 26 Canola ..................cwt: 1.84 69.80 76.10 77.00 29 25 25 Cottonseed ..............ton: 18.50 698.00 765.00 774.00 32 32 31 Dry edible beans ........cwt: 3.04 115.00 126.00 127.00 33 22 23 Flaxseed .............bushel: 1.13 43.40 46.70 47.30 27 28 27 Oats .................bushel: 0.292 11.10 12.10 12.20 30 26 26 Potatoes, fresh .........cwt: 1.15 43.40 47.60 48.10 24 21 17 Sorghum grain ...........cwt: 0.702 26.60 29.00 29.40 27 22 21 Soybeans .............bushel: 0.967 37.40 40.00 40.50 26 25 24 Sunflower, all ..........cwt: 1.99 76.60 82.30 83.30 27 31 27 : Citrus (equivalent on-tree) : Grapefruit ..............box: 1.23 43.40 50.90 51.50 76 17 55 Lemons ..................box: 1.99 78.10 82.30 83.30 29 44 39 Oranges .................box: 1.150 43.40 47.60 48.10 45 46 47 : Livestock and poultry : Beef cattle .............cwt: 12.10 453.00 501.00 506.00 41 48 46 Broilers ..............pound: 0.052 1.96 2.15 2.18 38 30 27 Calves ..................cwt: 18.00 668.00 745.00 753.00 48 60 65 Eggs 2/ ...............dozen: 0.124 4.30 5.13 5.19 75 47 38 Hogs ....................cwt: 5.13 201.00 212.00 215.00 32 36 33 Turkeys, live .........pound: 0.067 2.640 2.770 2.800 23 39 41 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Parity prices began January 2015. 2/ Seasonally adjusted price as percentage of parity price. 3/ Wholesale extracted. Adjusted base price derived from state annual averages prices weighted by production. For 1982 through 1985 the national averages are the support prices. 4/ Equivalent packinghouse-door returns for California, New York, Oregon, and Washington. Price at point of first sale for other states. Commodity Parity Prices - United States: October 2025 with Comparisons [Parity prices are computed under the provisions of Title III, Subtitle a, Section 301 (a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 as amended by the Agricultural Acts of 1948, 1949, and 1956. See February "Agricultural Prices" for details on adjusted base price and parity price computations] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Parity price : Adjusted : : : Commodity and unit : base :----------------------------------------- : price : October : September : October : : 2024 : 2025 : 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars : Field crops and miscellaneous : Hops ..............................pound: 0.494 18.40 20.40 20.70 Mustard seed ........................cwt: 3.16 118.00 131.00 132.00 Rapeseed ............................cwt: 2.18 84.10 90.20 91.20 Rye ..............................bushel: 0.540 21.40 22.30 22.60 Safflower ...........................cwt: 2.19 84.10 90.60 91.60 Spearmint oil .....................pound: 1.54 60.40 63.70 64.40 Sweet potatoes ......................cwt: 2.01 77.30 83.20 84.10 : Tobacco : Flue-cured, 11-14 ...............pound: 0.181 6.87 7.49 7.57 Fire-cured, 21-23 ...............pound: 0.251 9.47 10.40 10.50 Burley, 31 ......................pound: 0.186 6.98 7.69 7.78 Maryland, 32 ....................pound: 0.182 6.94 7.53 7.61 Dark air-cured, 35-37 ...........pound: 0.224 8.45 9.27 9.37 Pennsylvania seedleaf, 41 .......pound: 0.270 10.00 11.20 11.30 : Non-citrus fruit : Apples, processing 1/ 2/ ............ton: 19.70 747.00 815.00 824.00 Apricots, fresh 3/ ..................ton: 132.00 4,790.00 5,460.00 5,520.00 Avocados 2/ 3/ ......................ton: 217.00 8,000.00 8,980.00 9,080.00 Cherries : Sweet .............................ton: 205.00 7,770.00 8,480.00 8,580.00 Tart 2/ .........................pound: 0.024 0.981 0.993 1.000 Cranberry 2/ 4/ ..................barrel: 3.08 115.00 127.00 129.00 Dates (California) 3/ ...............ton: 291.00 10,190.00 12,040.00 12,180.00 : Grapes (California) : Wine, processing ..................ton: 88.40 3,230.00 3,660.00 3,700.00 Kiwifruit 2/ ........................ton: 180.00 6,230.00 7,450.00 7,530.00 Nectarines, fresh (California) 3/ ...ton: 106.00 3,710.00 4,390.00 4,440.00 Olives, canning (California) 4/ .....ton: 106.00 4,040.00 4,390.00 4,440.00 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Commodity Parity Prices - United States: October 2025 with Comparisons (continued) [Parity prices are computed under the provisions of Title III, Subtitle a, Section 301 (a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 as amended by the Agricultural Acts of 1948, 1949, and 1956. See February "Agricultural Prices" for details on adjusted base price and parity price computations] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : : Parity price :Adjusted : : : Commodity and unit : base :-------------------------------------------- : price : October : September : October : : 2024 : 2025 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : dollars : Non-citrus fruit - continued : Papayas (Hawaii) .................pound: 0.055 2.04 2.28 2.30 Peaches, fresh 4/ 5/ ...............ton: 125.00 4,570.00 5,170.00 5,230.00 Pears, fresh 5/ ....................ton: 57.50 2,220.00 2,380.00 2,410.00 Plums (California) equivalent on-tree : Fresh 6/ .........................ton: 110.00 3,920.00 4,550.00 4,600.00 Strawberries : Fresh 7/ .........................cwt: 11.10 411.00 459.00 464.00 Processing .......................cwt: 3.96 152.00 164.00 166.00 : Sugar crops : Sugar beets 2/ 8/ ................ton: 4.59 168.00 190.00 192.00 Sugarcane 2/ 8/ ..................ton: 3.87 138.00 160.00 162.00 : Tree nuts 9/ : Almonds ..........................pound: 0.195 8.11 8.07 8.16 Hazelnuts ..........................ton: 180.00 7,550.00 7,450.00 7,530.00 Pistachios .......................pound: 0.206 8.53 8.52 8.62 Walnuts ............................ton: 135.00 5,730.00 5,580.00 5,650.00 : Vegetables, fresh 7/ : Carrots 10/ ........................cwt: 3.87 129.00 160.00 162.00 Cauliflower 10/ ....................cwt: 5.21 192.00 216.00 218.00 Celery 10/ .........................cwt: 2.22 83.00 91.80 92.90 Honeydew melons ....................cwt: 2.44 92.10 101.00 102.00 Lettuce ............................cwt: 2.95 108.00 122.00 123.00 Onions 10/ .........................cwt: 1.92 65.30 79.40 80.30 Tomatoes ...........................cwt: 4.23 157.00 175.00 177.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Equivalent returns at processing plant door. 2/ Adjusted base price is carried forward from the previous year since current marketing year average price is not yet available. 3/ Equivalent returns at packinghouse door. 4/ Equivalent returns for bulk fruit at first delivery point. 5/ Equivalent packinghouse-door returns for California, New York (apples only), Oregon (except Peaches), and Washington. Price at point of first sale for other states. 6/ Based on "as sold" prices for fresh fruit in all states. 7/ FOB shipping point price. 8/ Relates to prices including average conditional payments per ton made under the sugar acts of 1937 and 1948. Crop deficiency and abandonment payments not included. 9/ Prices In-Shell basis except almonds which are shelled basis. 10/ Includes some processing. Marketing Year for Specified Commodities Corn for Grain: September 1 to August 31 for United States; July 1 to June 30 for Texas; August 1 to July 31 for Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, and Tennessee; September 1 to August 31 for Arizona, California, Delaware, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri, Nebraska, New Mexico, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Virginia, and West Virginia; October 1 to September 30 for all other States. Rice: August 1 to July 31 for United States; July 1 to June 30 for Louisiana and Texas; August 1 to July 31 for Arkansas and Mississippi; October 1 to September 30 for California; September 1 to August 31 for Missouri. Market Year Average Prices Received for Proso Millet - States and United States: Marketing Years 2023 and 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ States : 2023 : 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : dollars per bushel : Colorado .....................: 3.76 3.78 Nebraska .....................: 4.36 3.34 South Dakota .................: 4.47 4.30 : United States ................: 4.03 3.72 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Market Year Average Prices Received for Corn - States and United States: Marketing Years 2023 and 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ States : 2023 : 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : dollars per bushel : Alabama ......................: 5.27 4.58 Arizona ......................: 6.53 6.52 Arkansas .....................: 4.97 4.55 California ...................: 5.92 5.64 Colorado .....................: 5.03 4.64 Delaware .....................: 4.58 4.72 Florida ......................: 5.35 4.84 Georgia ......................: 5.30 5.00 : Idaho ........................: 5.53 5.78 Illinois .....................: 4.46 4.18 Indiana ......................: 4.50 4.32 Iowa .........................: 4.61 4.25 Kansas .......................: 4.73 4.28 Kentucky .....................: 4.75 4.55 Louisiana ....................: 5.33 4.02 Maryland .....................: 4.58 4.70 : Michigan .....................: 4.19 4.16 Minnesota ....................: 4.42 4.18 Mississippi ..................: 4.91 3.99 Missouri .....................: 4.60 4.19 Montana ......................: 5.16 4.61 Nebraska .....................: 4.68 4.33 New Jersey ...................: 4.55 4.71 : New Mexico ...................: 5.90 5.50 New York .....................: 4.18 4.10 North Carolina ...............: 5.58 5.07 North Dakota .................: 4.14 3.96 Ohio .........................: 4.39 4.28 Oklahoma .....................: 5.40 4.78 Oregon .......................: 5.69 6.10 Pennsylvania .................: 4.77 4.52 South Carolina ...............: 5.45 4.60 : South Dakota .................: 4.29 4.00 Tennessee ....................: 4.75 4.52 Texas ........................: 5.46 4.90 Utah .........................: 5.90 5.55 Virginia .....................: 5.10 4.70 Washington ...................: 5.20 5.12 West Virginia ................: 5.00 4.65 Wisconsin ....................: 4.29 4.13 Wyoming ......................: 5.90 5.43 : United States 1/ .............: 4.55 4.24 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ United States prices includes Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, and Wisconsin. Prices Received for Corn by Month - States and United States: Marketing Year 2023-2024 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023-2024 States :--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : July : August :September : October : November : December :January 1/: February ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Colorado .........: 7.76 7.17 6.04 5.73 5.23 5.13 5.10 4.78 Illinois .........: 6.12 5.61 5.04 4.80 4.67 4.84 4.69 4.23 Indiana ..........: 6.14 5.79 5.36 4.85 4.52 4.74 4.74 4.57 Iowa .............: 6.33 5.77 5.22 4.96 4.74 4.89 4.84 4.39 Kansas ...........: 6.35 5.70 5.03 5.02 4.84 4.79 4.79 4.47 Kentucky .........: 6.63 6.17 5.21 4.90 4.88 5.05 5.03 4.51 Michigan .........: 5.85 5.58 5.31 4.82 4.29 4.37 4.33 4.17 Minnesota ........: 6.11 5.59 5.16 4.92 4.70 4.90 4.85 4.31 Missouri .........: 6.33 5.62 5.00 4.78 4.77 4.91 4.79 4.49 Nebraska .........: 6.51 5.97 5.38 5.06 4.85 4.89 4.87 4.40 : North Carolina ...: 6.89 6.26 5.73 5.61 5.23 5.59 5.44 5.20 North Dakota .....: 6.13 5.64 5.19 4.88 4.35 4.42 4.44 3.99 Ohio .............: 5.98 5.56 5.50 4.85 4.40 4.64 4.43 4.32 Pennsylvania .....: 6.84 6.66 5.90 5.16 4.94 4.98 4.97 4.69 South Dakota .....: 6.13 5.67 4.92 4.74 4.47 4.40 4.42 4.08 Tennessee ........: 6.80 6.01 4.86 4.57 4.93 4.99 4.99 4.52 Texas ............: 5.87 5.17 5.37 5.84 5.68 5.49 5.37 4.96 Wisconsin ........: 6.16 5.63 5.07 4.80 4.40 4.50 4.45 4.14 : United States 2/ .: 6.22 5.73 5.21 4.93 4.66 4.80 4.74 4.36 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Prices Received for Corn by Month - States and United States: Marketing Year 2023-2024 (continued) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023-2024 States :---------------------------------------------------------------------------- : March : April : May : June : July : August :September ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Colorado .........: 4.72 4.82 4.93 5.07 5.18 4.66 4.60 Illinois .........: 4.21 4.26 4.38 4.40 4.13 3.70 3.84 Indiana ..........: 4.46 4.42 4.60 4.42 4.18 3.71 3.86 Iowa .............: 4.43 4.50 4.63 4.60 4.32 4.02 4.09 Kansas ...........: 4.44 4.53 4.63 4.64 4.44 4.14 4.04 Kentucky .........: 4.74 4.54 4.59 4.62 4.54 4.04 4.00 Michigan .........: 4.33 4.21 4.40 4.22 4.12 3.62 3.62 Minnesota ........: 4.26 4.22 4.36 4.30 4.13 3.70 3.89 Missouri .........: 4.52 4.39 4.61 4.52 4.27 3.94 3.86 Nebraska .........: 4.43 4.47 4.62 4.62 4.49 3.98 4.13 : North Carolina ...: 4.95 4.92 5.23 5.67 5.07 5.06 4.69 North Dakota .....: 4.08 4.01 4.11 4.20 3.76 3.53 3.78 Ohio .............: 4.32 4.31 4.43 4.38 4.04 3.68 3.72 Pennsylvania .....: 4.53 4.66 4.22 4.67 4.46 4.27 4.14 South Dakota .....: 4.12 4.16 4.33 4.25 4.00 3.66 3.70 Tennessee ........: 4.59 4.09 4.59 4.53 4.21 4.01 4.03 Texas ............: 5.36 5.36 4.89 4.85 4.76 4.04 4.64 Wisconsin ........: 4.09 4.14 4.25 4.24 4.08 3.73 3.70 : United States 2/ .: 4.36 4.39 4.51 4.48 4.23 3.84 3.97 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Second year. 2/ United States prices includes Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, and Wisconsin. Prices Received for Corn by Month - States and United States: Marketing Year 2024-2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2024-2025 States :--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : July : August :September : October : November : December :January 1/: February ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Colorado .........: 5.18 4.66 4.60 4.70 4.53 4.54 4.74 4.90 Illinois .........: 4.13 3.70 3.84 3.90 4.06 4.16 4.14 4.57 Indiana ..........: 4.18 3.71 3.86 3.96 4.01 4.32 4.32 4.66 Iowa .............: 4.32 4.02 4.09 4.01 4.12 4.27 4.37 4.59 Kansas ...........: 4.44 4.14 4.04 4.13 4.25 4.27 4.50 4.70 Kentucky .........: 4.54 4.04 4.00 4.08 4.28 4.42 4.71 4.87 Michigan .........: 4.12 3.62 3.62 3.86 3.83 4.04 4.29 4.46 Minnesota ........: 4.13 3.70 3.89 3.96 4.00 4.22 4.20 4.47 Missouri .........: 4.27 3.94 3.86 3.79 4.07 4.21 4.33 4.56 Nebraska .........: 4.49 3.98 4.13 4.12 4.17 4.30 4.40 4.60 : North Carolina ...: 5.07 5.06 4.69 4.76 4.96 5.17 5.43 5.70 North Dakota .....: 3.76 3.53 3.78 3.73 3.72 3.89 4.01 4.21 Ohio .............: 4.04 3.68 3.72 3.82 4.03 4.31 4.33 4.67 Pennsylvania .....: 4.46 4.27 4.14 3.84 4.32 4.41 4.61 4.97 South Dakota .....: 4.00 3.66 3.70 3.79 3.79 3.98 4.08 4.36 Tennessee ........: 4.21 4.01 4.03 4.78 4.39 4.53 4.69 5.09 Texas ............: 4.76 4.04 4.64 5.11 4.95 4.81 5.14 5.16 Wisconsin ........: 4.08 3.73 3.70 3.88 3.90 4.03 4.19 4.51 : United States 2/ .: 4.23 3.84 3.97 3.99 4.07 4.23 4.29 4.58 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Prices Received for Corn by Month - States and United States: Marketing Year 2024-2025 (continued) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2024-2025 States :---------------------------------------------------------------------------- : March : April : May : June : July : August :September ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Colorado .........: 4.94 4.93 4.96 4.74 4.54 4.42 4.33 Illinois .........: 4.60 4.61 4.62 4.52 4.28 3.97 3.97 Indiana ..........: 4.77 4.76 4.79 4.64 4.52 4.16 4.14 Iowa .............: 4.53 4.64 4.64 4.46 4.20 3.89 3.90 Kansas ...........: 4.60 4.61 4.56 4.39 4.29 4.11 3.97 Kentucky .........: 4.78 4.85 4.90 4.75 4.78 4.51 4.36 Michigan .........: 4.45 4.55 4.61 4.55 4.44 4.15 4.10 Minnesota ........: 4.45 4.48 4.44 4.39 4.15 3.76 3.82 Missouri .........: 4.51 4.63 4.67 4.47 4.26 3.94 3.96 Nebraska .........: 4.65 4.66 4.67 4.48 4.41 3.97 4.02 : North Carolina ...: 5.80 5.75 5.55 5.73 5.36 4.68 4.52 North Dakota .....: 4.18 4.26 4.21 4.09 4.03 3.63 3.79 Ohio .............: 4.66 4.80 4.87 4.70 4.57 4.16 3.97 Pennsylvania .....: 4.98 4.95 4.96 4.78 4.68 4.66 4.37 South Dakota .....: 4.29 4.38 4.36 4.22 4.04 3.67 3.67 Tennessee ........: 5.21 5.07 5.23 4.75 4.73 4.30 4.18 Texas ............: 5.14 5.66 5.48 5.37 5.00 4.29 4.49 Wisconsin ........: 4.39 4.55 4.55 4.44 4.28 3.95 3.98 : United States 2/ .: 4.57 4.62 4.64 4.47 4.29 3.96 4.00 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Second year. 2/ United States prices includes Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, and Wisconsin. Marketing Percentages of Corn by Month - States and United States: Marketing Years 2023-2024 and 2024-2025 [Monthly farm marketings are based on a sample survey and used as a percent of total for calculating MYA prices. Blank cells indicate month is outside State's designated marketing year as defined on page 26] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Year : Jul : Aug : Sep : Oct : Nov : Dec :Jan 1/: Feb : Mar : Apr : May : Jun : Jul : Aug : Sep ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : % : Colorado : 2023-2024 ...: 8 10 11 17 10 11 7 5 5 7 3 6 2024-2025 ...: 15 18 19 18 5 3 3 3 2 5 4 5 Illinois : 2023-2024 ...: 5 12 8 7 16 9 7 6 7 7 7 9 2024-2025 ...: 6 16 9 11 24 6 6 4 3 4 5 6 Indiana : 2023-2024 ...: 5 8 16 8 10 8 8 6 7 6 6 12 2024-2025 ...: 8 15 10 9 15 9 8 5 4 4 6 7 Iowa : 2023-2024 ...: 5 12 9 6 9 9 7 7 9 8 9 10 2024-2025 ...: 6 20 10 9 13 7 5 6 4 6 7 7 : Kansas : 2023-2024 ...: 12 14 12 11 10 8 7 6 6 5 3 6 2024-2025 ...: 17 17 17 13 13 4 4 4 2 2 3 4 Kentucky : 2023-2024 ...: 7 15 7 7 12 11 8 10 11 2 5 5 2024-2025 ...: 11 9 7 12 17 16 6 7 3 5 3 4 Michigan : 2023-2024 ...: 4 13 15 8 6 8 8 9 4 6 12 7 2024-2025 ...: 21 16 11 13 7 5 6 4 6 4 4 3 Minnesota : 2023-2024 ...: 10 10 8 10 8 6 8 9 8 7 9 7 2024-2025 ...: 15 9 9 15 7 5 8 4 8 8 7 5 : Missouri : 2023-2024 ...: 10 11 10 8 9 9 7 6 8 5 7 10 2024-2025 ...: 15 11 10 12 14 6 6 6 3 4 7 6 Nebraska : 2023-2024 ...: 5 11 12 10 10 9 7 8 7 7 6 8 2024-2025 ...: 6 15 12 12 15 7 6 5 4 5 6 7 North Carolina : 2023-2024 ...: 10 39 12 4 3 6 5 5 5 4 4 3 2024-2025 ...: 12 30 16 6 6 10 8 4 3 2 1 2 North Dakota : 2023-2024 ...: 8 12 8 11 9 8 7 5 8 9 9 6 2024-2025 ...: 9 15 10 14 10 8 8 4 7 5 8 2 : Ohio : 2023-2024 ...: 3 8 18 11 9 8 7 7 7 7 5 10 2024-2025 ...: 6 18 11 12 14 6 6 6 5 5 6 5 Pennsylvania : 2023-2024 ...: 6 5 10 8 19 7 9 7 12 5 6 6 2024-2025 ...: 6 12 18 7 10 7 4 7 5 7 10 7 South Dakota : 2023-2024 ...: 5 7 15 8 12 9 8 7 7 7 6 9 2024-2025 ...: 8 15 12 10 13 8 6 6 4 5 6 7 Tennessee : 2023-2024 ...: 2 26 17 9 10 10 7 5 6 3 2 3 2024-2025 ...: 9 23 10 8 12 16 10 5 3 1 2 1 : Texas : 2023-2024 ...: 19 9 5 9 11 9 11 9 4 7 4 3 2024-2025 ...: 6 11 13 19 11 11 11 5 4 3 4 2 Wisconsin : 2023-2024 ...: 8 24 9 14 6 6 7 7 3 5 7 4 2024-2025 ...: 20 13 9 16 5 3 6 4 6 7 6 5 : United States : 2023-2024 ...: 5.8 10.4 11.6 8.3 10.9 8.6 7.1 7.2 7.5 6.7 6.8 9.1 2024-2025 ...: 7.6 16.2 10.9 10.4 15.8 6.9 5.6 5.4 3.8 5.0 5.8 6.6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Second year. All Rice Prices Received and Marketing Percentages by Month - United States: Marketing Years 2023-2024 through 2024-2025 [Marketing year average (MYA) prices are weighted average prices for the United States marketing year of August through July] --------------------------------------------------------------- : Prices received : Farm marketings 1/ --------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023-2024 :2024-2025 2/: 2023-2024 :2024-2025 2/ --------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per cwt ----- 1,000 cwt ---- : August ....: 21.40 17.30 5,090 6,588 September .: 17.30 15.40 10,716 12,084 October ...: 16.60 14.70 15,968 14,510 November ..: 16.50 14.80 16,208 13,205 December ..: 17.20 14.60 13,732 17,050 January 3/ : 17.90 15.40 20,442 16,465 February ..: 17.30 14.90 18,543 11,298 March .....: 17.20 14.70 13,184 11,930 April .....: 17.30 14.30 10,826 9,777 May .......: 17.40 13.80 7,611 10,105 June ......: 17.20 14.30 7,446 7,738 July ......: 16.90 13.80 7,538 7,242 : MYA .......: 17.30 14.80 147,304 137,992 --------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Purchases from producers as reported by private firms and rice (rough equivalent) shipped from producers as reported by cooperative mills. 2/ Prices and marketings include late reports and revised data for August 2024 - July 2025. Final monthly prices, marketings, and MYA price will be published in the January 2026 "Agricultural Prices" report. 3/ Second year. Long Grain Rice Prices Received and Marketing Percentages by Month - United States: Marketing Years 2023-2024 through 2024-2025 [Marketing year average (MYA) prices are weighted average prices for the United States marketing year of August through July] --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Prices received : Farm marketings 1/ --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023-2024 : 2024-2025 2/ : 2023-2024 : 2024-2025 2/ --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -- dollars per cwt -- ------ 1,000 cwt ------ : August ....: 16.40 15.20 3,982 4,439 September .: 15.60 14.40 9,492 9,812 October ...: 15.20 14.00 11,992 11,851 November ..: 15.30 14.10 12,662 9,959 December ..: 15.60 13.90 9,857 13,435 January 3/ : 16.00 14.40 13,784 11,559 February ..: 16.30 14.30 14,286 8,522 March .....: 16.30 14.10 9,898 9,790 April .....: 16.30 13.70 8,023 7,974 May .......: 16.20 13.10 5,314 8,661 June ......: 15.90 13.30 5,129 5,840 July ......: 15.70 12.70 5,366 5,601 : MYA .......: 15.90 14.00 109,785 107,443 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Purchases from producers as reported by private firms and rice (rough equivalent) shipped from producers as reported by cooperative mills. 2/ Prices and marketings include late reports and revised data for August 2024 - July 2025. Final monthly prices, marketings, and MYA price will be published in the January 2026 "Agricultural Prices" report. 3/ Second year. Medium and Short Grain Rice Prices Received and Marketing Percentages by Month - United States: Marketing Years 2023-2024 through 2024-2025 [Marketing year average (MYA) prices are weighted average prices for the United States marketing year of August through July] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Prices received : Farm marketings 1/ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023-2024 : 2024-2025 2/ : 2023-2024 : 2024-2025 2/ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -- dollars per cwt -- ------ 1,000 cwt ----- : August ......: 39.20 21.70 1,108 2,149 September ...: 30.30 20.10 1,224 2,272 October .....: 20.80 17.80 3,976 2,658 November ....: 20.60 16.90 3,546 3,246 December ....: 21.00 17.20 3,875 3,615 January 3/ ..: 21.90 17.60 6,658 4,905 February ....: 20.60 17.00 4,257 2,776 March .......: 20.00 17.40 3,286 2,140 April .......: 20.00 16.90 2,803 1,803 May .........: 20.10 17.80 2,297 1,444 June ........: 20.10 17.40 2,317 1,898 July ........: 19.80 17.40 2,172 1,641 : MYA .........: 21.60 17.90 37,519 30,547 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Purchases from producers as reported by private firms and rice (rough equivalent) shipped from producers as reported by cooperative mills. 2/ Prices and marketings include late reports and revised data for August 2024 - July 2025. Final monthly prices, marketings, and MYA price will be published in the January 2026 "Agricultural Prices" report. 3/ Second year. Medium and Short Grain Rice Prices Received by Month - California and Other States: Marketing Years 2023-2024 through 2024-2025 [Marketing year for California: October - September. Marketing Year for Other States: August - July. Other States include Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, and Texas] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : California : Other States Month :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023-2024 : 2024-2025 1/ : 2023-2024 : 2024-2025 1/ 2/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ dollars per cwt ------ ------ dollars per cwt ------ : August ......: 40.60 21.90 20.80 15.10 September ...: 40.90 22.30 18.30 14.50 October .....: 22.70 18.10 18.60 16.90 November ....: 22.50 17.70 16.30 14.70 December ....: 22.50 17.70 16.80 14.70 January 3/ ..: 23.30 17.90 18.00 15.80 February ....: 22.20 17.70 18.00 15.10 March .......: 22.30 17.80 16.90 16.00 April .......: 21.80 17.80 17.00 14.10 May .........: 22.10 18.50 15.30 13.80 June ........: 21.50 18.00 14.20 14.10 July ........: 21.20 17.90 14.10 12.90 August ......: 21.90 18.10 15.10 14.00 September ...: 22.30 18.10 14.50 14.80 : MYA .........: 22.30 22.80 17.20 15.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Prices and marketings include late reports and revised data for August 2024 - August 2025. Final monthly prices, marketings, and MYA price for California will be published in the January 2026 "Agricultural Prices" report. 2/ Other States monthly prices for August 2023-July 2024 and 2023-2024 MYA price are final. 3/ Second year. Reliability of Prices Received Estimates Definition: Prices received represent sales from producers to first buyers. They include all grades and qualities. The average commodity price from the survey multiplied by the total quantity marketed theoretically should give the total cash receipts for the commodity. Survey procedures: Primary sales data used to determine grain prices were obtained from probability samples of about 1,900 mills and elevators. These procedures ensure that virtually all grain moving into commercial channels has a chance of being included in the survey. Generally, States surveyed account for 90 percent or more of total United States production. Livestock prices are obtained from packers, stockyards, auctions, dealers, and market check data from AMS-USDA, private marketing organizations, and state commodity groups and agencies. Inter-farm sales of grain and livestock are not included since they represent very small percentages of the total sales. Grain marketed for seed is also excluded. Fruit and vegetable prices are obtained from sample surveys and market check data from AMS-USDA, private marketing organizations, state agencies, and universities. Summary and estimation procedures: Survey quantities sold are expanded by strata to state levels and used to weight average strata prices to a state average. State prices are then weighted to a United States price based on expanded sales. Recommendations are prepared by the Regional Field Offices and reviewed by the Agricultural Statistics Board in Washington, D.C. State recommendations are reviewed for reasonableness with survey data, other States, and recent historic estimates. Revisions: In general, revisions are made during annual commodity market year estimation time, following five-year Census revisions, or when later information is received. Revisions are published in monthly issues of Agricultural Prices. Reliability: United States price estimates based on probability surveys generally have a sampling error of less than one percent for the major commodities such as corn, wheat, soybeans, cotton, and rice. Current methods of summarization for non-probability commodities are not designed directly to calculate sampling errors. However, analytical measures approximate the United States relative sampling errors at around five percent. Any non- sampling errors are attributed to such things as the inability to obtain correct information, differences in interpreting questions or definitions, mistakes in coding or processing the data, etc. Efforts are made at each step in the survey process to minimize these non-sampling errors. Program Changes: See Price Program Links at the end of this report for details on program changes to the Prices Program methodology. October Prices Paid by Farmers The October Prices Paid Index for Commodities and Services, Interest, Taxes, and Farm Wage Rates (PPITW), at 154.6, is up 1.1 from September 2025 and 11 percent from October 2024. Production: The October index, at 154.0, is up 1.5 percent from September and 14 percent from last year. Higher prices in October for feeder cattle, feeder pigs, milk cows, and other services more than offset lower prices for LP gas, diesel, feed grains, and gasoline. Feed: At 113.0, the October index is down 0.4 percent from September and 1.6 percent from last October. Since September, lower prices for feed grains, concentrates, complete feeds, and hay & forages more than offset higher prices for supplements. Livestock and poultry: The October index, at 268.3, is up 6.1 percent from September and 46 percent from last year. Since September, prices are higher for feeder cattle and feeder pigs. The October feeder cattle price, at $405.00 per cwt, is up $25.00 per cwt from September. The October feeder pigs price, at $197.00 per cwt, is up $11.00 per cwt from September. Fertilizer: The index for October, at 113.3, is up 1.0 percent from September and 13 percent from October a year ago. Since September, prices are higher for potash & phosphate, nitrogen, and mixed fertilizer. Chemicals: The October index, at 115.7, is down 0.2 percent from September and 1.4 percent from last October. Fuels: At 84.3, the October index is down 3.0 from September and 2.1 percent from October 2024. Compared with September, prices are lower for LP gas, diesel, and gasoline. Machinery: The index for October, at 171.9, is up 0.1 percent from September and 0.6 percent from last October. Compared with last month, prices are higher for other machinery but unchanged for tractors and self-propelled machinery. Prices Paid Indexes and Related Parity Ratios - United States: October 2025 with Comparisons [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1910-1914 Base : 2011 Base Index Group :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- and : October : September : October : October : September : October Ratios : 2024 : 2025 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 : 2025 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : Prices paid by farmers for : commodities, services, : interest, taxes, and wage : rates (PPITW) ...................: 3781 4137 4184 139.7 152.9 154.6 Production ....................: 2822 3157 3204 135.7 151.7 154.0 Feed ........................: 1263 1247 1243 114.8 113.4 113.0 Livestock and poultry .......: 3628 4988 5292 183.9 252.9 268.3 Seeds .......................: 4401 4401 4401 133.8 133.8 133.8 Fertilizer ..................: 1208 1353 1366 100.2 112.2 113.3 Chemicals ...................: 1053 1039 1037 117.4 115.9 115.7 Fuels .......................: 2408 2429 2356 86.1 86.9 84.3 Supplies and repairs ........: 1723 1767 1771 146.0 149.7 150.1 : Autos and trucks ............: 3936 3972 3972 128.0 129.2 129.2 Machinery ...................: 10433 10488 10499 170.8 171.7 171.9 Building materials ..........: 3883 3989 3998 166.8 171.4 171.8 Services and rent ...........: 3352 3515 3521 (NA) (NA) (NA) Services ....................: (NA) (NA) (NA) 147.6 156.1 156.5 Rent ........................: (NA) (NA) (NA) 137.6 141.7 141.7 : Interest 1/ ...................: 5764 5455 5455 158.0 149.6 149.6 Taxes 2/ ......................: 9587 10066 10066 161.6 169.6 169.6 Wage rates ....................: 12232 12494 12494 170.8 174.4 174.4 Family living-CPI 3/ ..........: 3000 3086 3094 140.4 144.4 144.8 : Production, interest, taxes, : and wage rates (PITW) .........: 3938 4346 4401 139.6 154.1 156.0 : Ratio (received/paid) ...........: (NA) (NA) (NA) 81 86 78 Parity ratio 4/ .................: 31 33 30 (NA) (NA) (NA) Parity ratio adjusted 5/ ........: 32 36 32 (NA) (NA) (NA) PPITW adjusted for : productivity 6/ ...............: 1984 2154 2162 (NA) (NA) (NA) : Crop sector (PPITW) .............: (NA) (NA) (NA) 137.0 144.6 144.9 Livestock sector (PPITW) ........: (NA) (NA) (NA) 142.7 161.4 164.6 : Farm sector (production) ........: (NA) (NA) (NA) 140.6 167.6 173.1 Non-farm sector (production) ....: (NA) (NA) (NA) 132.6 141.1 141.2 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Interest per acre on farm real estate debt and interest rate on farm non-real estate debt. 2/ Farm real estate taxes payable per acre. 3/ Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Price Index for all urban consumers (CPI-U), converted by the USDA. 4/ Ratio of index of prices received to PPITW (1910-1914=100). 5/ Based on estimated cash receipts, from marketings and government payments, the preliminary adjustment factor is updated annually. 6/ PPITW is adjusted based on productivity trend for the prior 15 years. Prices Paid Indexes and Annual Weights for Input Components and Sub-components - United States: October 2025 with Comparisons [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov. Relative weights are a five year moving average] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Relative weights : Indexes (2011=100) :------------------------------------------------------- Index Group : : : October :September: October : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : Production items ............: 76.036 75.027 135.7 151.7 154.0 : Feed ......................: 14.590 14.164 114.8 113.4 113.0 Feed grains .............: 2.086 2.026 69.0 67.5 66.1 Complete feeds ..........: 7.149 6.941 126.8 128.4 128.2 Hay and forages .........: 1.824 1.771 108.2 104.4 104.0 Concentrates ............: 2.305 2.238 118.7 107.5 106.9 Supplements .............: 1.226 1.190 125.0 128.4 128.5 Livestock and poultry .....: 9.438 10.997 183.9 252.9 268.3 Feeder cattle ...........: 7.352 8.567 194.9 277.4 295.6 Feeder pigs .............: 0.755 0.880 103.6 132.9 140.7 Milk cow replacements ...: 0.765 0.891 183.1 212.0 219.0 Poultry .................: 0.566 0.660 149.6 149.6 149.6 : Seeds .....................: 4.766 4.983 133.8 133.8 133.8 Field crops .............: 4.318 4.515 132.4 132.4 132.4 Grasses and legumes .....: 0.448 0.468 147.4 147.4 147.4 Fertilizer ................: 8.927 6.421 100.2 112.2 113.3 Mixed fertilizer ........: 3.928 2.825 103.2 108.4 108.8 Nitrogen ................: 3.749 2.697 97.5 112.5 113.5 Potash and phosphate ....: 1.250 0.899 99.2 123.4 127.1 Chemicals .................: 4.695 4.074 117.4 115.9 115.7 Herbicides ..............: 2.958 2.567 123.6 122.0 121.8 Insecticides ............: 1.080 0.937 113.7 112.2 112.0 Fungicides and other ....: 0.657 0.570 95.6 94.3 94.2 : Fuels .....................: 3.668 3.099 86.1 86.9 84.3 Diesel ..................: 2.283 1.929 83.2 87.0 85.4 Gasoline ................: 0.768 0.649 87.1 87.9 85.2 LP gas ..................: 0.617 0.521 95.9 85.1 78.9 Supplies and repairs ......: 4.176 4.318 146.0 149.7 150.1 Supplies ................: 1.399 1.447 143.1 149.5 150.3 Repairs .................: 2.777 2.871 147.5 149.8 150.0 Autos and trucks ..........: 1.074 1.091 128.0 129.2 129.2 Autos ...................: 0.140 0.142 120.7 122.2 122.2 Trucks ..................: 0.934 0.949 129.1 130.2 130.2 : Machinery .................: 4.501 4.884 170.8 171.7 171.9 Tractors ................: 0.990 1.075 140.0 140.2 140.2 Self-propelled ..........: 1.800 1.954 162.2 162.2 162.2 Other machinery .........: 1.710 1.856 197.6 199.9 200.4 Building materials ........: 3.485 3.531 166.8 171.4 171.8 Services ..................: 10.726 11.304 147.6 156.1 156.5 Custom rates ............: 1.105 1.164 143.5 154.9 154.9 Other services ..........: 9.621 10.140 148.1 156.3 156.7 Rent ......................: 5.990 6.161 137.6 141.7 141.7 Cash ....................: 3.217 3.308 140.3 143.3 143.3 Share ...................: 2.773 2.852 134.4 139.8 139.8 : Interest ....................: 2.032 2.370 158.0 149.6 149.6 Taxes .......................: 2.923 3.092 161.6 169.6 169.6 Wage rates ..................: 6.436 6.848 170.8 174.4 174.4 Family living-CPI ...........: 12.574 12.663 140.4 144.4 144.8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Feed Price Ratios - United States: October 2025 with Comparisons ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Feed price ratio 1/ : October 2024 :September 2025: October 2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Broiler-feed: pounds of broiler grower feed equal : in value to 1 pound of broiler, live weight 2/ ......: 6.7 5.8 5.4 : Market egg feed: pounds of laying feed equal in : value to 1 dozen eggs 3/ ............................: 28.7 20.4 15.8 : Hog-corn: bushels of corn equal in value to : 100 pounds of hog, live weight ......................: 16.0 19.3 18.1 : Milk-feed: pounds of 16% mixed dairy feed equal : in value to 1 pound of whole milk 4/ ................: 2.97 2.41 2.40 : Steer & heifer-corn: bushels of corn equal : in value to 100 pounds of steer & heifers, : live weight .......................................: 47.4 60.3 59.8 : Turkey-feed: pounds of turkey grower equal in : value to 1 pound of turkey, live weight 5/ ..........: 5.9 10.9 11.9 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Effective January 1995, prices of commercial prepared feeds are based on current United States prices received for corn, soybeans, alfalfa hay, and all wheat. 2/ The price of commercial prepared broiler feed is based on current United States prices received for corn and soybeans. The modeled feed uses 58 percent corn and 42 percent soybeans. 3/ The price of commercial prepared layer feed is based on current United States prices received for corn and soybeans. The modeled feed uses 75 percent corn and 25 percent soybeans. 4/ The price of commercial prepared dairy feed is based on current United States prices received for corn, soybeans, and alfalfa. The modeled feed uses 51 percent corn, 8 percent soybeans, and 41 percent alfalfa. 5/ The price of commercial prepared turkey feed is based on current United States prices received for corn, soybeans, and wheat. The modeled feed uses 51 percent corn, 28 percent soybeans, and 21 percent wheat. Prices Received Used to Calculate Feed Price Ratios - United States: October 2025 with Comparisons [Price data source for livestock and poultry commodities is United States Department of Agriculture's Agriculture Marketing Service] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Item : October 2024 :September 2025: October 2025 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars : Broilers, live ................pound: 0.741 0.639 0.582 Eggs, market ..................dozen: 2.72 1.93 1.47 : Hogs, all .......................cwt: 63.90 77.20 71.30 Milk, all .......................cwt: 25.10 20.40 20.00 : Steers and heifers ..............cwt: 189.00 241.00 235.00 Turkeys, live .................pound: 0.603 1.081 1.159 : Corn .........................bushel: 3.99 4.00 3.93 Hay, alfalfa ....................ton: 171.00 171.00 168.00 : Soybeans .....................bushel: 9.91 9.85 9.71 Wheat, all ...................bushel: 5.47 4.77 4.73 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Paid for Feeder Livestock - United States: October 2025 with Comparisons [Price data source is United States Department of Agriculture's Agriculture Marketing Service] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Item : October 2024 :September 2025: October 2025 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars : Feeder cattle & calves ..........cwt: 267.00 380.00 405.00 Feeder pigs .....................cwt: 145.00 186.00 197.00 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Reliability of Prices Paid Estimates Definition: Prices paid by farmers represent the average costs of inputs purchased by farmers and ranchers to produce agricultural commodities. Conceptually, the average price when multiplied by quantity purchased should equal total producer expenditures for the item. Survey procedures: The prices paid data are obtained from establishments that sell goods and services to farmers and ranchers. Annually, about 8,500 firms are randomly selected from lists by type of item sold with an average response rate in the range of 75-80 percent. Firms are asked to report the price for the specified item "most commonly bought by farmers" or that was the "volume seller". Approximately 135 items are surveyed each March to represent all production input items purchased. The survey reference period for all items is the full preceding calendar year. Separate prices paid surveys are conducted for agricultural chemicals, fuels, feed, fertilizer, machinery, and seed. Summary and estimation procedures: The annual March Prices Paid Survey is summarized as a non-probability survey. Average prices reported are aggregated to the region and United States level using weights available from expenditure data and other administrative sources. Price recommendations are prepared by the Regional Field Offices and Headquarters for review by the Agricultural Statistics Board in Washington, D.C. Also, the change in price level for individual items surveyed are combined to the regional and United States levels, and are published as prices paid indexes referenced to a specific base period. Prices paid indexes for new autos and trucks, building materials, farm supplies, motor supplies, and marketing containers are updated based on price changes measured in selected Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) indexes. Revisions: Any revisions are published in the monthly and in annual issues of Agricultural Prices. The basis for revision must be supported by additional data that directly affect the level of the estimate. More revisions are likely for March when separate prices paid surveys are conducted, in lieu of BLS indexes, by the USDA to measure price change. Reliability: Current methods of summarization for the March data are not designed directly to calculate sampling errors. However, analytical measures approximate the United States relative sampling errors for major items around 10 percent. Any non-sampling errors are attributed to such things as the inability to obtain correct information, differences in interpreting questions or definitions, mistakes in coding or processing the data, etc. Efforts are made at each step in the survey process to minimize these non- sampling errors. Program Changes: See Price Program Links at the end of this report for details on program changes to the Prices Program methodology. Information Contacts General Bryan Combs, Chief, Environmental, Economics, and Demographics Branch.................................... (202) 720-5084 Crop Prices Received Anthony Prillaman, Acting Chief, Crops Branch............................................................ (202) 720-2127 Chris Hawthorn, Head, Field Crops Section................................................................ (202) 720-2127 Joshua Bates - Asparagus, Hemp, Maple Syrup, Soybeans.................................................. (202) 690-3234 Natasha Bruton - Cotton System Consumption and Stocks, Grain Crushings, Fats and Oils, Flour Milling Products, Broccoli, Cauliflower, Plums, Prunes.......................... (202) 690-1042 Michelle Harder - Hay, Kale, Peanuts, Raspberries...................................................... (202) 690-8533 Deonne Holiday - Almonds, Carrots, Coffee, Cranberries, Garlic, Onions Proso Millet, Rye, Tobacco........................................................................... (202) 720-4288 Bret Holliman - Apricots, Barley, Chickpeas, Nectarines, Peaches, Snap Beans, Tomatoes................................................................................. (202) 720-7235 James Johanson - Dry Edible Beans, Lettuce, Macadamias, Wheat (202) 720-8068 Greg Lemmons - Beets, Corn, Flaxseed, Pears, Rice, Sweet Corn.......................................... (202) 720-9526 Krishna Rizal - Artichokes, Celery, Grapefruit, Lemons, Mandarins and tangerines, Mint, Mushrooms, Olives, Oranges, Pistachios......................................................... (202) 720-5412 Chris Singh - Apples, Cucumbers, Hazelnuts, Potatoes, Pumpkins, Squash, Sugarbeets, Sugarcane, Sweet Potatoes (202) 720-4285 Becky Sommer - Cabbage, Cotton, Cotton Ginnings, Sorghum, Walnuts, Strawberries........................ (202) 720-5944 Travis Thorson - Blueberries, Canola, Mustard Seed, Rapeseed, Safflower, Spinach, Sunflower................................................................................... (202) 720-7369 Antonio Torres - Cantaloupes, Dry Edible Peas, Grapes, Green Peas, Honeydews, Lentils, Oats, Sweet Cherries, Tart Cherries, Watermelons................................. (202) 720-2157 Chris Wallace - Avocados, Bell Peppers, Chile Peppers, Dates, Floriculture, Hops, Papayas, Pecans................................................................................ (202) 720-4215 Livestock Prices Received Travis Averill, Chief, Livestock Branch.................................................................. (202) 692-0069 Ryan Cowen - Cattle and Cattle on Feed................................................................. (202) 720-3040 Kim DaPra - Milk, Milk Cows............................................................................ (202) 720-3278 Ralph Mondesir - Hogs and Pigs......................................................................... (202) 221-9297 Fatema Haque - Turkeys................................................................................. (202) 720-3244 Suzanne Richards - Honey............................................................................... (202) 720-4448 Autumn Stone - Eggs.................................................................................... (202) 690-3676 Takiyah Walker - Broilers.............................................................................. (202) 720-6147 Indexes, Prices Paid, and Parity Prices Bryan Combs, Chief, Environmental, Economics, and Demographics Branch.................................... (202) 720-5084 Julie Weber, Head, Economics Section..................................................................... (202) 720-7216 Yukun Fung - Prices Received Indexes, Parity Prices, Prices Paid Indexes............................... (202) 720-6881 Scott Peterson - Prices Received Indexes, Parity Prices, Prices Paid Indexes........................... (202) 690-0726 Max Reason - Prices Received Indexes, Parity Prices, Prices Paid Indexes, Prices Paid for Feed, Fertilizer, Chemicals, Seeds, Fuels, Farm Supplies and Repairs, Farm Machinery, Feeder Livestock, Poultry Chicks, Feed Price Ratios.................................................................... (202) 973-4588 Access to NASS Reports For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways: All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: www.nass.usda.gov. The national specific reports are available via a free e-mail subscription. To set-up this free subscription, visit www.nass.usda.gov and click on "National" in upper right corner above "search" box to create an account and select the reports you would like to receive. 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