Crop Production ISSN: 1936-3737 Released November 14, 2025, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Corn Production Down Less Than 1 Percent from September Forecast Soybean Production Down 1 Percent Cotton Production Up 7 Percent Corn production for grain is forecast at 16.8 billion bushels, down less than 1 percent from the previous forecast but up 12 percent from 2024. If realized, this would be the highest grain production on record for the United States. Based on conditions as of November 1, yields are expected to average a record high 186.0 bushels per acre, down 0.7 bushel from the previous forecast but up 6.7 bushels from last year. Area harvested for grain is forecast at 90.0 million acres, unchanged from the previous forecast but up 8 percent from the previous year. Soybean production for beans is forecast at 4.25 billion bushels, down 1 percent from the previous forecast and down 3 percent from 2024. Based on conditions as of November 1, yields are expected to average a record high 53.0 bushels per acre, down 0.5 bushel from the previous forecast but up 2.3 bushels from 2024. Area harvested for beans in the United States is forecast at 80.3 million acres, unchanged from the previous forecast but down 7 percent from 2024. All cotton production is forecast at 14.1 million 480-pound bales, up 7 percent from the previous forecast but down 2 percent from 2024. Based on conditions as of November 1, yields are expected to average 919 pounds per harvested acre, up 58 pounds from the previous forecast and up 33 pounds from 2024. Upland cotton production is forecast at 13.7 million 480-pound bales, up 6 percent from the previous forecast but down 1 percent from 2024. Pima cotton production is forecast at 380,000 bales, up 23 percent from the previous forecast but down 19 percent from 2024. This report was approved on November 14, 2025. Deputy Secretary of Agriculture Stephen Alexander Vaden Agricultural Statistics Board Acting Chairperson Troy M. Joshua Contents Corn for Grain Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted November 1, 2025............................................................................................. 5 Corn Production - United States Chart........................................................................ 6 Sorghum for Grain Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted November 1, 2025............................................................................................. 6 Rice Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted November 1, 2025.. 7 Rice Production by Class - United States: 2024 and Forecasted November 1, 2025............................... 7 Soybean Production - United States Chart..................................................................... 7 Soybeans for Beans Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted November 1, 2025............................................................................................. 8 Peanut Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted November 1, 2025............................................................................................. 9 Cottonseed Production - United States: 2024 and Forecasted November 1, 2025.................................. 9 Cotton Production - United States Chart...................................................................... 9 Cotton Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Type - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted November 1, 2025............................................................................................. 10 Sugarbeet Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted November 1, 2025............................................................................................. 11 Sugarcane for Sugar and Seed Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted November 1, 2025.................................................................................. 11 Potato Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2024 and 2025.................................. 12 Potato Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted November 1, 2025............................................................................................. 12 Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2024 and 2025...... 13 Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2024 and 2025........ 15 Fruits and Nuts Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2025 and 2026.................................. 17 Fruits and Nuts Production in Metric Units - United States: 2025 and 2026.................................... 18 Corn for Grain Plant Population per Acre - Selected States: 2021-2025........................................ 19 Corn for Grain Number of Ears per Acre - Selected States: 2021-2025.......................................... 20 Corn Objective Yield Percent of Samples Processed in the Lab - United States: 2021-2025...................... 20 Corn for Grain Percentage Distribution by Plant Population Per Acre - Selected States: 2021-2025............. 21 Corn for Grain Frequency of Farmer Reported Row Widths - Selected States: 2021-2025.......................... 22 Corn for Grain Percentage Distribution by Measured Row Width and Average Row Width - Selected States: 2021-2025............................................................................................ 23 Soybean Pods with Beans per 18 Square Feet - Selected States: 2021-2025...................................... 24 Soybean Frequency of Farmer Reported Row Widths - Selected States: 2021-2025................................. 25 Soybean Objective Yield Percent of Samples Processed in the Lab - United States: 2021-2025................... 26 Soybean Percentage Distribution by Measured Row Width and Average Row Width - Selected States: 2021-2025............................................................................................ 27 Percent of Normal Precipitation Map.......................................................................... 29 Departure from Normal Temperature Map........................................................................ 29 October Weather Summary...................................................................................... 30 Crop Comments................................................................................................ 30 Statistical Methodology...................................................................................... 33 Reliability of November 1 Crop Production Forecasts.......................................................... 34 Information Contacts......................................................................................... 35 Corn for Grain Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted November 1, 2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production :---------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : 2025 : : : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 :-----------------------: 2024 : 2025 : : : : October 1 :November 1 : : ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres ---------- bushels ---------- --- 1,000 bushels --- : Alabama .........: 270 340 112.0 (NA) 157.0 30,240 53,380 Arkansas ........: 480 790 187.0 (NA) 179.0 89,760 141,410 Colorado ........: 1,180 1,220 116.0 (NA) 130.0 136,880 158,600 Delaware ........: 161 167 171.0 (NA) 162.0 27,531 27,054 Georgia .........: 305 495 163.0 (NA) 182.0 49,715 90,090 Idaho ...........: 110 160 206.0 (NA) 227.0 22,660 36,320 Illinois ........: 10,650 11,000 217.0 (NA) 221.0 2,311,050 2,431,000 Indiana .........: 5,050 5,250 198.0 (NA) 206.0 999,900 1,081,500 Iowa ............: 12,450 13,000 211.0 (NA) 216.0 2,626,950 2,808,000 Kansas ..........: 5,800 6,290 129.0 (NA) 141.0 748,200 886,890 : Kentucky ........: 1,280 1,420 178.0 (NA) 164.0 227,840 232,880 Louisiana .......: 440 770 185.0 (NA) 176.0 81,400 135,520 Maryland ........: 380 405 143.0 (NA) 167.0 54,340 67,635 Michigan ........: 1,950 1,990 181.0 (NA) 178.0 352,950 354,220 Minnesota .......: 7,730 8,380 174.0 (NA) 193.0 1,345,020 1,617,340 Mississippi .....: 470 880 186.0 (NA) 177.0 87,420 155,760 Missouri ........: 3,350 3,630 183.0 (NA) 178.0 613,050 646,140 Nebraska ........: 9,590 10,300 188.0 (NA) 191.0 1,802,920 1,967,300 New York ........: 555 555 169.0 (NA) 135.0 93,795 74,925 North Carolina ..: 810 885 87.0 (NA) 139.0 70,470 123,015 : North Dakota ....: 3,640 4,360 149.0 (NA) 146.0 542,360 636,560 Ohio ............: 3,200 3,180 177.0 (NA) 194.0 566,400 616,920 Oklahoma ........: 410 460 98.0 (NA) 128.0 40,180 58,880 Pennsylvania ....: 700 640 138.0 (NA) 150.0 96,600 96,000 South Carolina ..: 305 360 101.0 (NA) 155.0 30,805 55,800 South Dakota ....: 5,390 6,110 164.0 (NA) 173.0 883,960 1,057,030 Tennessee .......: 660 870 152.0 (NA) 160.0 100,320 139,200 Texas ...........: 1,890 2,050 112.0 (NA) 129.0 211,680 264,450 Virginia ........: 290 335 114.0 (NA) 175.0 33,060 58,625 Washington ......: 103 100 235.0 (NA) 231.0 24,205 23,100 Wisconsin .......: 2,960 3,170 174.0 (NA) 183.0 515,040 580,110 : Other States 1/ .: 487 485 154.1 (NA) 157.8 75,055 76,539 : United States ...: 83,046 90,047 179.3 (NA) 186.0 14,891,756 16,752,193 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Other States include Arizona, California, Florida, Montana, New Jersey, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, West Virginia, and Wyoming. Individual State level estimates will be published in the "Crop Production 2025 Summary." Sorghum for Grain Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted November 1, 2025 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production :------------------------------------------------------------------------------ State : : : : 2025 : : : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 :-----------------------: 2024 : 2025 : : : : October 1 :November 1 : : --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres --------- bushels --------- 1,000 bushels : Colorado ...........: 460 490 30.0 (NA) 50.0 13,800 24,500 Kansas .............: 2,800 2,750 65.0 (NA) 90.0 182,000 247,500 Nebraska ...........: 260 205 85.0 (NA) 92.0 22,100 18,860 Oklahoma ...........: 330 370 39.0 (NA) 60.0 12,870 22,200 South Dakota .......: 305 170 76.0 (NA) 78.0 23,180 13,260 Texas ..............: 1,450 1,730 62.0 (NA) 59.0 89,900 102,070 : United States ......: 5,605 5,715 61.3 (NA) 75.0 343,850 428,390 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. Rice Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted November 1, 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : 2025 : : : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 :-------------------------: 2024 : 2025 : : : : October 1 : November 1 : : ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres ------------ pounds ----------- ---- 1,000 cwt --- : Arkansas .....: 1,432 1,251 7,640 (NA) 7,400 109,407 92,574 California ...: 464 530 8,530 (NA) 8,450 39,588 44,785 Louisiana ....: 459 473 6,710 (NA) 6,650 30,809 31,455 Mississippi ..: 154 160 7,540 (NA) 7,400 11,613 11,840 Missouri .....: 214 208 8,430 (NA) 7,700 18,040 16,016 Texas ........: 144 140 8,800 (NA) 7,600 12,676 10,640 : United States : 2,867 2,762 7,748 (NA) 7,506 222,133 207,310 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Includes sweet rice production. Rice Production by Class - United States: 2024 and Forecasted November 1, 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : Year : Long grain : Medium grain : Short grain 1/ : All : : : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 cwt : 2024 .......: 172,029 48,013 2,091 222,133 2025 2/ ....: 152,658 52,524 2,128 207,310 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Sweet rice production included with short grain. 2/ The 2025 rice production by class forecasts are based on class harvested acreage estimates and the 5-year average class yield compared to the all rice yield. Soybeans for Beans Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted November 1, 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production :------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : 2025 : : : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 :-----------------------: 2024 : 2025 : : : : October 1 :November 1 : : ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres --------- bushels --------- -- 1,000 bushels -- : Alabama .........: 350 285 31.0 (NA) 39.0 10,850 11,115 Arkansas ........: 3,020 2,570 55.0 (NA) 54.0 166,100 138,780 Delaware ........: 153 138 45.0 (NA) 40.0 6,885 5,520 Georgia .........: 158 147 47.0 (NA) 45.0 7,426 6,615 Illinois ........: 10,750 10,200 64.0 (NA) 65.0 688,000 663,000 Indiana .........: 5,780 5,430 59.0 (NA) 59.0 341,020 320,370 Iowa ............: 9,960 9,380 60.0 (NA) 65.0 597,600 609,700 Kansas ..........: 4,430 4,050 35.0 (NA) 46.0 155,050 186,300 Kentucky ........: 2,030 1,790 48.0 (NA) 36.0 97,440 64,440 Louisiana .......: 1,060 760 52.0 (NA) 54.0 55,120 41,040 : Maryland ........: 485 460 44.0 (NA) 46.0 21,340 21,160 Michigan ........: 2,210 2,030 49.0 (NA) 50.0 108,290 101,500 Minnesota .......: 7,320 7,080 45.0 (NA) 51.0 329,400 361,080 Mississippi .....: 2,270 1,780 56.0 (NA) 55.0 127,120 97,900 Missouri ........: 5,890 5,540 49.0 (NA) 50.0 288,610 277,000 Nebraska ........: 5,240 4,800 57.5 (NA) 64.0 301,300 307,200 New Jersey ......: 103 98 43.0 (NA) 44.0 4,429 4,312 New York ........: 365 305 51.0 (NA) 38.0 18,615 11,590 North Carolina ..: 1,600 1,630 39.0 (NA) 36.0 62,400 58,680 North Dakota ....: 6,550 6,500 37.5 (NA) 34.0 245,625 221,000 : Ohio ............: 5,080 4,880 50.0 (NA) 53.0 254,000 258,640 Oklahoma ........: 405 320 20.0 (NA) 33.0 8,100 10,560 Pennsylvania ....: 620 560 45.0 (NA) 40.0 27,900 22,400 South Carolina ..: 380 355 34.0 (NA) 34.0 12,920 12,070 South Dakota ....: 5,380 5,060 43.0 (NA) 48.0 231,340 242,880 Tennessee .......: 1,800 1,520 42.0 (NA) 41.0 75,600 62,320 Texas ...........: 74 85 32.0 (NA) 33.0 2,368 2,805 Virginia ........: 595 590 44.0 (NA) 42.0 26,180 24,780 Wisconsin .......: 2,150 1,970 48.0 (NA) 55.0 103,200 108,350 : United States ...: 86,208 80,313 50.7 (NA) 53.0 4,374,228 4,253,107 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. Peanut Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted November 1, 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : 2025 : : : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 :-----------------------: 2024 : 2025 : : : : October 1 :November 1 : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : --- 1,000 acres -- ----------- pounds ---------- --- 1,000 pounds --- : Alabama ..........: 188.0 192.0 3,060 (NA) 3,300 575,280 633,600 Arkansas .........: 44.0 47.0 5,550 (NA) 5,000 244,200 235,000 Florida ..........: 157.0 167.0 3,500 (NA) 3,900 549,500 651,300 Georgia ..........: 844.0 915.0 3,850 (NA) 4,200 3,249,400 3,843,000 Mississippi ......: 25.0 20.0 3,900 (NA) 4,000 97,500 80,000 Missouri .........: 24.0 26.0 5,440 (NA) 5,500 130,560 143,000 North Carolina ...: 129.0 139.0 4,400 (NA) 4,100 567,600 569,900 Oklahoma .........: 18.0 19.0 4,110 (NA) 4,100 73,980 77,900 South Carolina ...: 79.0 86.0 3,800 (NA) 3,800 300,200 326,800 Texas ............: 205.0 257.0 2,680 (NA) 3,000 549,400 771,000 Virginia .........: 30.0 33.0 5,040 (NA) 4,200 151,200 138,600 : United States ....: 1,743.0 1,901.0 3,723 (NA) 3,930 6,488,820 7,470,100 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. Cottonseed Production - United States: 2024 and Forecasted November 1, 2025 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 1/ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 tons : United States ...: 4,262.0 4,267.0 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Based on a 3-year average lint-seed ratio. Cotton Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Type - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted November 1, 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production 1/ :-------------------------------------------------------------------------- Type and State : : : : 2025 : : : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 :-----------------------: 2024 : 2025 : : : : October 1 :November 1 : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -- 1,000 acres -- ---------- pounds ---------- 1,000 bales 2/ : Upland : Alabama .........: 396.0 285.0 816 (NA) 943 673.0 560.0 Arizona .........: 95.0 89.0 1,299 (NA) 1,240 257.0 230.0 Arkansas ........: 640.0 515.0 1,341 (NA) 1,491 1,788.0 1,600.0 California ......: 20.7 17.7 1,739 (NA) 1,492 75.0 55.0 Florida .........: 82.0 60.0 697 (NA) 800 119.0 100.0 Georgia .........: 1,080.0 830.0 858 (NA) 983 1,930.0 1,700.0 Kansas ..........: 124.0 85.0 778 (NA) 847 201.0 150.0 Louisiana .......: 148.0 84.0 1,070 (NA) 1,314 330.0 230.0 Mississippi .....: 515.0 325.0 1,157 (NA) 1,182 1,241.0 800.0 Missouri ........: 380.0 340.0 1,320 (NA) 1,384 1,045.0 980.0 : New Mexico ......: 28.0 20.0 703 (NA) 1,200 41.0 50.0 North Carolina ..: 400.0 275.0 942 (NA) 995 785.0 570.0 Oklahoma ........: 185.0 275.0 701 (NA) 820 270.0 470.0 South Carolina ..: 221.0 167.0 860 (NA) 891 396.0 310.0 Tennessee .......: 250.0 190.0 1,052 (NA) 1,213 548.0 480.0 Texas ...........: 2,950.0 3,600.0 656 (NA) 707 4,030.0 5,300.0 Virginia ........: 90.0 72.0 1,136 (NA) 1,000 213.0 150.0 : United States ...: 7,604.7 7,229.7 880 (NA) 912 13,942.0 13,735.0 : American Pima : Arizona .........: 14.0 15.5 1,029 (NA) 929 30.0 30.0 California ......: 142.0 91.0 1,237 (NA) 1,582 366.0 300.0 New Mexico ......: 14.5 12.7 794 (NA) 756 24.0 20.0 Texas ...........: 30.0 20.0 816 (NA) 720 51.0 30.0 : United States ...: 200.5 139.2 1,128 (NA) 1,310 471.0 380.0 : All : Alabama .........: 396.0 285.0 816 (NA) 943 673.0 560.0 Arizona .........: 109.0 104.5 1,264 (NA) 1,194 287.0 260.0 Arkansas ........: 640.0 515.0 1,341 (NA) 1,491 1,788.0 1,600.0 California ......: 162.7 108.7 1,301 (NA) 1,568 441.0 355.0 Florida .........: 82.0 60.0 697 (NA) 800 119.0 100.0 Georgia .........: 1,080.0 830.0 858 (NA) 983 1,930.0 1,700.0 Kansas ..........: 124.0 85.0 778 (NA) 847 201.0 150.0 Louisiana .......: 148.0 84.0 1,070 (NA) 1,314 330.0 230.0 Mississippi .....: 515.0 325.0 1,157 (NA) 1,182 1,241.0 800.0 Missouri ........: 380.0 340.0 1,320 (NA) 1,384 1,045.0 980.0 : New Mexico ......: 42.5 32.7 734 (NA) 1,028 65.0 70.0 North Carolina ..: 400.0 275.0 942 (NA) 995 785.0 570.0 Oklahoma ........: 185.0 275.0 701 (NA) 820 270.0 470.0 South Carolina ..: 221.0 167.0 860 (NA) 891 396.0 310.0 Tennessee .......: 250.0 190.0 1,052 (NA) 1,213 548.0 480.0 Texas ...........: 2,980.0 3,620.0 657 (NA) 707 4,081.0 5,330.0 Virginia ........: 90.0 72.0 1,136 (NA) 1,000 213.0 150.0 : United States ...: 7,805.2 7,368.9 886 (NA) 919 14,413.0 14,115.0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Production ginned and to be ginned. 2/ 480-pound net weight bale. Sugarbeet Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted November 1, 2025 [Relates to year of intended harvest in all States except California] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production :--------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : 2025 : : : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 :-------------------------: 2024 : 2025 : : : : October 1 : November 1 : : ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : -- 1,000 acres -- ------------ tons ----------- -- 1,000 tons -- : California 1/ : 28.0 - 47.2 (NA) (X) 1,322 - Colorado .....: 23.5 22.4 32.1 (NA) 32.3 754 724 Idaho ........: 173.1 166.0 40.0 (NA) 43.8 6,924 7,271 Michigan .....: 134.3 133.0 30.6 (NA) 30.0 4,110 3,990 Minnesota ....: 400.6 422.0 29.5 (NA) 29.7 11,818 12,533 Montana ......: 24.3 24.6 32.3 (NA) 35.3 785 868 Nebraska .....: 46.7 46.1 30.5 (NA) 29.7 1,424 1,369 North Dakota .: 211.9 212.0 31.5 (NA) 32.3 6,675 6,848 Oregon .......: 10.4 9.9 41.0 (NA) 41.8 426 414 Washington ...: 1.9 2.0 49.5 (NA) 53.6 94 107 Wyoming ......: 30.8 30.8 30.7 (NA) 32.1 946 989 : United States : 1,085.5 1,068.8 32.5 (NA) 32.9 35,278 35,113 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ - Represents zero. (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Relates to year of planting for overwintered beets in southern California. Sugarcane for Sugar and Seed Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted November 1, 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area harvested : Yield per acre 1/ : Production 1/ :--------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : 2025 : : : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 :-------------------------: 2024 : 2025 : : : : October 1 : November 1 : : ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres ------------ tons ----------- -- 1,000 tons -- : Florida ......: 396.7 412.0 45.4 (NA) 45.2 18,020 18,622 Louisiana ....: 523.3 527.0 31.3 (NA) 32.5 16,361 17,128 : United States : 920.0 939.0 37.4 (NA) 38.1 34,381 35,750 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. 1/ Net tons. Potato Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2024 and 2025 [Includes updates to planted and harvested area previously published] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : California .........: 21.0 20.0 20.8 19.9 Colorado ...........: 54.0 55.0 53.8 54.8 Florida ............: 18.0 17.0 17.7 16.6 Idaho ..............: 315.0 315.0 314.5 314.5 Maine ..............: 54.0 52.0 53.9 51.5 Michigan ...........: 48.0 48.0 47.5 47.0 Minnesota ..........: 43.0 40.0 42.6 39.5 Nebraska ...........: 21.0 20.0 20.9 19.9 North Dakota .......: 73.0 70.0 72.3 69.0 Oregon .............: 43.0 41.0 42.9 41.0 : Texas ..............: 15.0 15.0 14.6 14.6 Washington .........: 160.0 140.0 159.5 139.5 Wisconsin ..........: 67.0 68.0 66.0 67.0 : United States ......: 932.0 901.0 927.0 894.8 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Forecasted. Potato Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted November 1, 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -- 1,000 acres -- ----- cwt ----- ---- 1,000 cwt ---- : California .........: 20.8 19.9 430 430 8,944 8,557 Colorado ...........: 53.8 54.8 410 420 22,058 23,016 Florida ............: 17.7 16.6 260 280 4,602 4,648 Idaho ..............: 314.5 314.5 430 440 135,235 138,380 Maine ..............: 53.9 51.5 340 335 18,326 17,253 Michigan ...........: 47.5 47.0 430 430 20,425 20,210 Minnesota ..........: 42.6 39.5 420 420 17,892 16,590 Nebraska ...........: 20.9 19.9 485 500 10,137 9,950 North Dakota .......: 72.3 69.0 350 355 25,305 24,495 Oregon .............: 42.9 41.0 610 635 26,169 26,035 : Texas ..............: 14.6 14.6 465 425 6,789 6,205 Washington .........: 159.5 139.5 620 635 98,890 88,583 Wisconsin ..........: 66.0 67.0 400 420 26,400 28,140 : United States ......: 927.0 894.8 454 461 421,172 412,062 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2024 and 2025 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2025 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area planted : Area harvested Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres : Grains and hay : Barley .................................: 2,381 2,299 1,885 1,761 Corn for grain 1/ ......................: 90,909 98,728 83,046 90,047 Corn for silage ........................: (NA) 6,207 Hay, all ...............................: (NA) (NA) 49,390 49,725 Alfalfa ..............................: (NA) (NA) 14,612 14,192 All other ............................: (NA) (NA) 34,778 35,533 Oats ...................................: 2,235 2,370 894 944 Proso millet ...........................: 481 410 427 Rice ...................................: 2,910 2,823 2,867 2,762 Rye ....................................: 2,206 2,229 402 341 Sorghum for grain 1/ ...................: 6,300 6,645 5,605 5,715 Sorghum for silage .....................: (NA) 306 Wheat, all .............................: 46,274 45,328 38,633 37,241 Winter ...............................: 33,535 33,153 26,207 25,508 Durum ................................: 2,064 2,185 2,036 2,123 Other spring .........................: 10,675 9,990 10,390 9,610 : Oilseeds : Canola .................................: 2,751.5 2,388.0 2,710.0 2,349.0 Cottonseed .............................: (X) (X) (X) (X) Flaxseed ...............................: 148 375 140 348 Mustard seed ...........................: 185.0 165.0 176.9 155.8 Peanuts ................................: 1,801.0 1,954.0 1,743.0 1,901.0 Rapeseed ...............................: 17.5 20.1 15.7 18.0 Safflower ..............................: 116.6 130.0 108.0 122.0 Soybeans for beans .....................: 87,260 81,135 86,208 80,313 Sunflower ..............................: 720.8 998.0 686.1 957.7 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops : Cotton, all ............................: 11,183.0 9,296.0 7,805.2 7,368.9 Upland ...............................: 10,976.0 9,153.0 7,604.7 7,229.7 American Pima ........................: 207.0 143.0 200.5 139.2 Sugarbeets .............................: 1,104.3 1,079.7 1,085.5 1,068.8 Sugarcane ..............................: (NA) (NA) 920.0 939.0 Tobacco ................................: (NA) (NA) 167.5 170.6 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas ..............................: 502.0 541.0 492.4 524.0 Dry edible beans .......................: 1,533.0 1,389.0 1,503.6 1,364.5 Dry edible peas ........................: 976.0 1,179.0 939.9 1,134.0 Lentils ................................: 936.0 1,073.0 903.0 1,051.0 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops ...................................: (NA) (NA) 44.8 41.9 Maple syrup ............................: (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Mushrooms ..............................: (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Peppermint oil .........................: (NA) 23.2 Potatoes ...............................: 932.0 901.0 927.0 894.8 Spearmint oil ..........................: (NA) 10.3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2024 and 2025 (continued) [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2025 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Yield per acre : Production Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : --------- 1,000 -------- : Grains and hay : Barley ..........................bushels: 76.6 80.0 144,442 140,849 Corn for grain ..................bushels: 179.3 186.0 14,891,756 16,752,193 Corn for silage ....................tons: 20.2 125,590 Hay, all ...........................tons: 2.48 2.48 122,462 123,500 Alfalfa ..........................tons: 3.41 3.51 49,840 49,748 All other ........................tons: 2.09 2.08 72,622 73,752 Oats ............................bushels: 76.4 73.8 68,335 69,626 Proso millet ....................bushels: 32.9 14,061 Rice 2/ .............................cwt: 7,748 7,506 222,133 207,310 Rye .............................bushels: 36.6 36.5 14,729 12,459 Sorghum for grain ...............bushels: 61.3 75.0 343,850 428,390 Sorghum for silage .................tons: 13.3 4,062 Wheat, all ......................bushels: 51.2 53.3 1,978,697 1,984,537 Winter ........................bushels: 51.7 54.9 1,354,436 1,401,554 Durum .........................bushels: 39.3 40.6 80,051 86,223 Other spring ..................bushels: 52.4 51.7 544,210 496,760 : Oilseeds : Canola ...........................pounds: 1,784 4,834,030 Cottonseed .........................tons: (X) (X) 4,262.0 4,267.0 Flaxseed ........................bushels: 17.3 2,420 Mustard seed .....................pounds: 577 102,015 Peanuts ..........................pounds: 3,723 3,930 6,488,820 7,470,100 Rapeseed .........................pounds: 2,019 31,705 Safflower ........................pounds: 1,200 129,585 Soybeans for beans ..............bushels: 50.7 53.0 4,374,228 4,253,107 Sunflower ........................pounds: 1,670 1,145,605 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops : Cotton, all 2/ ....................bales: 886 919 14,413.0 14,115.0 Upland 2/ .......................bales: 880 912 13,942.0 13,735.0 American Pima 2/ ................bales: 1,128 1,310 471.0 380.0 Sugarbeets .........................tons: 32.5 32.9 35,278 35,113 Sugarcane ..........................tons: 37.4 38.1 34,381 35,750 Tobacco ..........................pounds: 1,942 2,209 325,220 376,830 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas 2/ ........................cwt: 1,144 1,418 5,632 7,430 Dry edible beans 2/ .................cwt: 2,081 2,203 31,289 30,056 Dry edible peas 2/ ..................cwt: 1,775 1,814 16,679 20,576 Lentils 2/ ..........................cwt: 1,002 1,055 9,049 11,083 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops .............................pounds: 1,944 1,958 87,072.2 82,103.4 Maple syrup .....................gallons: (NA) (NA) 5,860 5,771 Mushrooms ........................pounds: (NA) (NA) 658,604 669,930 Peppermint oil ...................pounds: 103 2,391 Potatoes ............................cwt: 454 461 421,172 412,062 Spearmint oil ....................pounds: 132 1,357 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Area planted for all purposes. 2/ Yield in pounds. Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2024 and 2025 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2025 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : hectares : Grains and hay : Barley .........................: 963,570 930,380 762,840 712,660 Corn for grain 1/ ..............: 36,789,960 39,954,230 33,607,890 36,441,120 Corn for silage ................: (NA) 2,511,910 Hay, all 2/ ....................: (NA) (NA) 19,987,640 20,123,210 Alfalfa ......................: (NA) (NA) 5,913,330 5,743,360 All other ....................: (NA) (NA) 14,074,310 14,379,850 Oats ...........................: 904,480 959,120 361,790 382,030 Proso millet ...................: 194,660 165,920 172,800 Rice ...........................: 1,177,650 1,142,440 1,160,250 1,117,750 Rye ............................: 892,750 902,050 162,690 138,000 Sorghum for grain 1/ ...........: 2,549,550 2,689,170 2,268,290 2,312,800 Sorghum for silage .............: (NA) 123,840 Wheat, all 2/ ..................: 18,726,630 18,343,790 15,634,390 15,071,060 Winter .......................: 13,571,280 13,416,690 10,605,710 10,322,830 Durum ........................: 835,280 884,250 823,950 859,160 Other spring .................: 4,320,070 4,042,850 4,204,730 3,889,070 : Oilseeds : Canola .........................: 1,113,500 966,400 1,096,710 950,620 Cottonseed .....................: (X) (X) (X) (X) Flaxseed .......................: 59,890 151,760 56,660 140,830 Mustard seed ...................: 74,870 66,770 71,590 63,050 Peanuts ........................: 728,850 790,760 705,370 769,320 Rapeseed .......................: 7,080 8,130 6,350 7,280 Safflower ......................: 47,190 52,610 43,710 49,370 Soybeans for beans .............: 35,313,250 32,834,520 34,887,520 32,501,870 Sunflower ......................: 291,700 403,880 277,660 387,570 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops: Cotton, all 2/ .................: 4,525,650 3,762,000 3,158,690 2,982,120 Upland .......................: 4,441,880 3,704,130 3,077,550 2,925,790 American Pima ................: 83,770 57,870 81,140 56,330 Sugarbeets .....................: 446,900 436,940 439,290 432,530 Sugarcane ......................: (NA) (NA) 372,310 380,000 Tobacco ........................: (NA) (NA) 67,770 69,040 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas ......................: 203,150 218,940 199,270 212,060 Dry edible beans ...............: 620,390 562,110 608,490 552,200 Dry edible peas ................: 394,980 477,130 380,370 458,920 Lentils ........................: 378,790 434,230 365,440 425,330 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops ...........................: (NA) (NA) 18,130 16,970 Maple syrup ....................: (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Mushrooms ......................: (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Peppermint oil .................: (NA) 9,390 Potatoes .......................: 377,170 364,630 375,150 362,120 Spearmint oil ..................: (NA) 4,170 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2024 and 2025 (continued) [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2025 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Yield per hectare : Production Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : metric tons : Grains and hay : Barley .................................: 4.12 4.30 3,144,850 3,066,620 Corn for grain .........................: 11.26 11.68 378,268,030 425,525,300 Corn for silage ........................: 45.36 113,933,330 Hay, all 2/ ............................: 5.56 5.57 111,095,660 112,037,320 Alfalfa ..............................: 7.65 7.86 45,214,090 45,130,630 All other ............................: 4.68 4.65 65,881,570 66,906,690 Oats ...................................: 2.74 2.65 991,880 1,010,620 Proso millet ...........................: 1.85 318,900 Rice ...................................: 8.68 8.41 10,075,780 9,403,420 Rye ....................................: 2.30 2.29 374,130 316,470 Sorghum for grain ......................: 3.85 4.70 8,734,190 10,881,610 Sorghum for silage .....................: 29.76 3,684,980 Wheat, all 2/ ..........................: 3.44 3.58 53,851,310 54,010,250 Winter ...............................: 3.48 3.70 36,861,710 38,144,050 Durum ................................: 2.64 2.73 2,178,630 2,346,610 Other spring .........................: 3.52 3.48 14,810,970 13,519,590 : Oilseeds : Canola .................................: 2.00 2,192,680 Cottonseed .............................: (X) (X) 3,866,420 3,870,960 Flaxseed ...............................: 1.08 61,470 Mustard seed ...........................: 0.65 46,270 Peanuts ................................: 4.17 4.40 2,943,280 3,388,380 Rapeseed ...............................: 2.26 14,380 Safflower ..............................: 1.34 58,780 Soybeans for beans .....................: 3.41 3.56 119,046,980 115,750,600 Sunflower ..............................: 1.87 519,640 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops : Cotton, all 2/ .........................: 0.99 1.03 3,138,060 3,073,180 Upland ...............................: 0.99 1.02 3,035,510 2,990,440 American Pima ........................: 1.26 1.47 102,550 82,740 Sugarbeets .............................: 72.85 73.65 32,003,660 31,853,980 Sugarcane ..............................: 83.77 85.35 31,189,920 32,431,850 Tobacco ................................: 2.18 2.48 147,520 170,930 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas ..............................: 1.28 1.59 255,460 337,020 Dry edible beans .......................: 2.33 2.47 1,419,250 1,363,320 Dry edible peas ........................: 1.99 2.03 756,550 933,310 Lentils ................................: 1.12 1.18 410,460 502,720 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops ...................................: 2.18 2.19 39,500 37,240 Maple syrup ............................: (NA) (NA) 29,300 28,860 Mushrooms ..............................: (NA) (NA) 298,740 303,870 Peppermint oil .........................: 0.12 1,080 Potatoes ...............................: 50.92 51.62 19,104,040 18,690,820 Spearmint oil ..........................: 0.15 620 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Area planted for all purposes. 2/ Total may not add due to rounding. Fruits and Nuts Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2025 and 2026 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2025 crop year, except citrus which is for the 2025-2026 season. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Production Crop :----------------------------------- : 2025 : 2026 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Citrus 1/ : Grapefruit ......................1,000 tons: 299 Lemons ..........................1,000 tons: 1,107 Oranges .........................1,000 tons: 2,394 Tangerines and mandarins ........1,000 tons: 1,223 : Noncitrus : Apples, commercial ..........million pounds: 11,470.0 Apricots ..............................tons: 30,700 Avocados ..............................tons: Blueberries, Cultivated .......1,000 pounds: Blueberries, Wild (Maine) .....1,000 pounds: Cherries, Sweet .......................tons: 383,000 Cherries, Tart ..............million pounds: 138.5 Coffee (Hawaii) ...............1,000 pounds: Cranberries .........................barrel: 8,130,000 : Dates .................................tons: Grapes ................................tons: 5,590,000 Kiwifruit (California) ................tons: Nectarines (California) ...............tons: Olives (California) ...................tons: Papayas (Hawaii) ..............1,000 pounds: Peaches ...............................tons: 682,500 Pears .................................tons: 625,000 Plums (California) ....................tons: Prunes (California) ...................tons: Raspberries, all .............1,000 pounds: Strawberries .....................1,000 cwt: : Nuts and miscellaneous : Almonds, shelled (California) .1,000 pounds: 3,000,000 Hazelnuts, in-shell (Oregon) ..........tons: Macadamias (Hawaii) ...........1,000 pounds: Pecans, in-shell ..............1,000 pounds: Pistachios (California) .......1,000 pounds: Walnuts, in-shell (California) ........tons: 710,000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Production years are 2024-2025 and 2025-2026. Fruits and Nuts Production in Metric Units - United States: 2025 and 2026 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2025 crop year, except citrus which is for the 2025-2026 season. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Production Crop :----------------------------------- : 2025 : 2026 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : metric tons : Citrus 1/ : Grapefruit ................................: 271,250 Lemons ....................................: 1,004,250 Oranges ...................................: 2,171,800 Tangerines and mandarins ..................: 1,109,490 : Noncitrus : Apples, commercial ........................: 5,202,700 Apricots ..................................: 27,850 Avocados ..................................: Blueberries, Cultivated ...................: Blueberries, Wild (Maine) .................: Cherries, Sweet ...........................: 347,450 Cherries, Tart ............................: 62,820 Coffee (Hawaii) ...........................: Cranberries ...............................: 368,770 : Dates .....................................: Grapes ....................................: 5,071,160 Kiwifruit (California) ....................: Nectarines (California) ...................: Olives (California) .......................: Papayas (Hawaii) ..........................: Peaches ...................................: 619,150 Pears .....................................: 566,990 Plums (California) ........................: Prunes (California) .......................: Raspberries, all ..........................: Strawberries ..............................: : Nuts and miscellaneous : Almonds, shelled (California) .............: 1,360,780 Hazelnuts, in-shell (Oregon) ..............: Macadamias (Hawaii) .......................: Pecans, in-shell ..........................: Pistachios (California) ...................: Walnuts, in-shell (California) ............: 644,100 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Production years are 2024-2025 and 2025-2026. Corn for Grain Objective Yield Data The National Agricultural Statistics Service is conducting objective yield surveys in 10 corn-producing States during 2025. Randomly selected plots in corn for grain fields are visited monthly from September through harvest to obtain specific counts and measurements. Data in these tables are rounded actual field counts from this survey. Corn for Grain Plant Population per Acre - Selected States: 2021-2025 [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : : :: State : : : : : and month : 2021 : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 :: and month : 2021 : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : number :: : number : :: : Illinois : :: Nebraska : September .....: 31,550 32,050 32,550 31,850 32,700 :: All corn : October .......: 31,550 32,500 32,450 32,250 32,350 :: September ....: 26,750 26,450 26,600 25,950 26,450 November ......: 31,500 32,450 32,400 32,200 32,200 :: October ......: 26,650 26,250 26,700 25,800 26,350 Final .........: 31,500 32,450 32,400 32,200 :: November .....: 26,650 26,200 26,650 25,800 26,450 : :: Final ........: 26,650 26,200 26,650 25,800 Indiana : :: : September .....: 29,700 29,050 31,000 30,850 29,650 :: Irrigated : October .......: 29,650 28,550 30,800 30,650 29,500 :: September ....: 29,350 29,000 29,650 28,300 27,900 November ......: 29,750 28,600 31,100 30,600 29,800 :: October ......: 29,300 28,950 29,600 28,150 27,450 Final .........: 29,750 28,600 31,100 30,600 :: November .....: 29,300 28,850 29,550 28,050 27,450 : :: Final ........: 29,300 28,850 29,550 28,050 Iowa : :: : September .....: 31,850 31,750 32,250 30,900 30,750 :: Non-irrigated : October .......: 31,850 31,550 31,900 30,500 30,800 :: September ....: 24,050 23,850 23,450 23,000 25,000 November ......: 31,800 31,600 31,950 30,600 30,850 :: October ......: 24,000 23,500 23,650 22,850 25,200 Final .........: 31,800 31,600 31,950 30,850 :: November .....: 23,950 23,500 23,700 23,000 25,450 : :: Final ........: 23,950 23,500 23,700 23,000 Kansas : :: : September .....: 22,050 22,600 23,800 21,700 21,650 :: Ohio : October .......: 21,550 23,200 23,400 21,650 22,000 :: September .....: 30,400 29,400 30,050 31,300 31,200 November ......: 21,800 23,350 23,600 21,750 22,200 :: October .......: 30,050 29,350 29,900 31,250 31,250 Final .........: 21,800 23,350 23,600 21,700 :: November ......: 30,050 29,700 29,650 31,150 31,050 : :: Final .........: 30,050 29,700 29,650 31,150 Minnesota : :: : September .....: 30,750 31,300 31,300 30,200 31,350 :: South Dakota : October .......: 30,700 31,250 31,450 30,500 31,250 :: September .....: 26,150 26,400 26,050 25,650 23,600 November ......: 30,700 31,300 31,450 30,550 31,300 :: October .......: 26,100 26,200 26,150 25,350 24,100 Final .........: 30,700 31,300 31,450 30,500 :: November ......: 25,750 25,900 26,100 25,400 24,000 : :: Final .........: 25,750 25,900 26,100 25,400 Missouri : :: : September .....: 27,250 27,500 27,350 28,500 27,450 :: Wisconsin : October .......: 27,400 27,100 27,300 28,150 27,700 :: September .....: 29,900 30,700 30,300 30,350 29,650 November ......: 27,350 27,200 27,400 28,150 27,600 :: October .......: 29,550 30,300 29,900 30,300 30,000 Final .........: 27,350 27,200 27,400 28,150 :: November ......: 29,400 30,200 30,050 30,450 29,300 : :: Final .........: 29,400 30,200 30,000 30,450 : :: : : :: 10 State : : :: September .....: 29,100 29,250 29,650 28,900 28,800 : :: October .......: 29,000 29,200 29,500 28,800 28,800 : :: November ......: 29,000 29,200 29,550 28,850 28,800 : :: Final .........: 29,000 29,200 29,550 28,900 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Corn for Grain Number of Ears per Acre - Selected States: 2021-2025 [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : : :: State : : : : : and month : 2021 : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 :: and month : 2021 : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : number :: : number : :: : Illinois : :: Nebraska : September .....: 31,100 31,500 32,250 31,500 31,950 :: All corn : October .......: 31,050 31,850 32,050 31,900 31,600 :: September ....: 26,650 25,850 26,300 26,300 26,700 November ......: 31,050 31,800 32,000 31,850 31,400 :: October ......: 26,950 25,000 26,700 25,750 26,600 Final .........: 31,050 31,800 32,000 31,850 :: November .....: 26,800 24,950 26,600 25,800 26,550 : :: Final ........: 26,800 24,950 26,600 25,850 Indiana : :: : September .....: 29,700 28,700 30,700 31,700 29,900 :: Irrigated : October .......: 29,750 28,400 30,950 30,850 29,050 :: September ....: 29,000 28,900 29,350 28,400 28,200 November ......: 29,900 28,500 30,950 30,750 29,050 :: October ......: 29,600 28,350 29,800 27,750 27,850 Final .........: 29,900 28,500 30,950 30,750 :: November .....: 29,500 28,300 29,700 27,750 27,650 : :: Final ........: 29,500 28,300 29,700 27,750 Iowa : :: : September .....: 31,750 30,850 32,050 31,100 30,300 :: Non-irrigated : October .......: 31,800 30,800 31,700 30,450 30,250 :: September ....: 24,250 22,700 23,150 23,600 25,150 November ......: 31,800 30,800 31,750 30,500 30,350 :: October ......: 24,200 21,600 23,500 23,200 25,300 Final .........: 31,800 30,800 31,750 30,750 :: November .....: 24,050 21,600 23,450 23,300 25,450 : :: Final ........: 24,050 21,600 23,450 23,450 Kansas : :: : September .....: 22,250 22,800 23,500 21,350 22,300 :: Ohio : October .......: 21,450 22,300 22,800 20,850 22,500 :: September .....: 30,650 29,250 29,850 30,800 30,800 November ......: 21,700 22,100 23,150 21,000 22,650 :: October .......: 30,350 29,250 30,400 30,550 30,400 Final .........: 21,700 22,100 23,150 21,000 :: November ......: 30,350 29,550 29,950 30,450 30,200 : :: Final .........: 30,350 29,500 29,950 30,450 Minnesota : :: : September .....: 30,800 31,200 31,350 30,150 31,450 :: South Dakota : October .......: 30,650 31,450 31,300 30,450 30,900 :: September .....: 26,250 25,300 25,900 26,200 24,500 November ......: 30,600 31,450 31,300 30,450 31,050 :: October .......: 26,150 24,700 25,950 25,300 24,500 Final .........: 30,600 31,450 31,300 30,400 :: November ......: 25,400 24,250 26,150 25,250 24,500 : :: Final .........: 25,400 24,250 26,150 25,250 Missouri : :: : September .....: 26,900 26,300 26,500 28,450 26,850 :: Wisconsin : October .......: 26,950 26,200 26,300 27,950 27,200 :: September .....: 30,100 29,900 30,450 30,050 29,250 November ......: 26,950 26,300 26,350 27,900 27,100 :: October .......: 29,500 29,550 30,200 30,400 29,650 Final .........: 26,950 26,300 26,350 27,900 :: November ......: 29,400 29,400 30,200 30,400 28,950 : :: Final .........: 29,400 29,400 30,200 30,550 : :: : : :: 10-State : : :: September .....: 29,050 28,650 29,400 28,950 28,700 : :: October .......: 28,950 28,500 29,350 28,650 28,550 : :: November ......: 28,850 28,450 29,350 28,650 28,500 : :: Final .........: 28,850 28,450 29,350 28,700 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Corn Objective Yield Percent of Samples Processed in the Lab - United States: 2021-2025 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : October : November Year :----------------------------------------------------------- :Dent stage 1/ : Mature 2/ :Dent stage 1/ : Mature 2/ --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : 2021 ..........: 22 69 (Z) 94 2022 ..........: 38 50 (Z) 94 2023 ..........: 26 60 1 95 2024 ..........: 29 54 (Z) 96 2025 ..........: 26 64 1 90 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- (Z) Less than half of the unit shown. 1/ Includes corn in the dent stage of development. Ears are firm and solid. Kernels fully dented with no milk present in most kernels. 2/ Includes that portion of the crop that is mature and ready for harvest. No green foliage is present. Corn for Grain Percentage Distribution by Plant Population Per Acre - Selected States: 2021-2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Plant populations State and year :----------------------------------------------------------- :Less than: 20,000- : 22,501- : 25,001- : 27,501- :More than : 20,000 : 22,500 : 25,000 : 27,500 : 30,000 : 30,000 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent : Illinois ...............2021: 1.6 0.8 1.6 7.1 19.0 69.9 2022: - - 1.6 6.5 14.6 77.3 2023: 0.8 0.8 2.3 2.3 15.6 78.2 2024: - 0.9 1.8 5.4 13.4 78.5 2025: 2.6 - 0.9 9.6 9.6 77.3 : Indiana ................2021: 1.6 1.6 6.3 14.3 25.4 50.8 2022: 3.7 5.6 7.4 14.8 22.2 46.3 2023: - 1.5 1.5 11.9 20.9 64.2 2024: 1.6 4.9 1.6 6.6 19.7 65.6 2025: 7.0 - 7.0 10.5 12.3 63.2 : Iowa ...................2021: - 1.6 2.4 5.5 12.6 77.9 2022: 0.7 0.7 0.7 3.3 17.6 77.0 2023: 0.7 - 0.7 8.1 16.8 73.7 2024: 1.5 2.9 4.4 8.1 18.4 64.7 2025: 1.6 2.4 1.6 6.3 23.0 65.1 : Kansas .................2021: 26.3 13.1 24.2 15.2 9.1 12.1 2022: 19.2 9.6 20.5 11.0 20.5 19.2 2023: 13.8 13.8 20.0 12.5 26.1 13.8 2024: 24.6 18.8 27.7 7.2 13.0 8.7 2025: 35.6 17.9 17.9 11.6 10.7 6.3 : Minnesota ..............2021: 1.1 4.3 2.2 4.3 28.3 59.8 2022: 1.8 2.6 1.8 7.0 14.9 71.9 2023: 2.0 2.9 2.9 10.8 9.8 71.6 2024: 1.1 1.1 5.7 5.7 23.0 63.4 2025: 1.7 0.9 1.7 8.6 20.7 66.4 : Missouri ...............2021: 2.6 5.3 14.5 18.4 44.7 14.5 2022: 6.4 9.0 17.9 10.3 28.2 28.2 2023: 7.6 5.1 16.5 8.9 35.3 26.6 2024: 2.4 2.4 15.9 13.4 34.2 31.7 2025: 6.7 5.6 13.3 17.8 32.2 24.4 : Nebraska ...............2021: 15.8 2.5 14.2 14.2 20.0 33.3 2022: 7.0 13.2 10.9 16.3 26.2 26.4 2023: 11.7 10.8 5.0 17.5 26.7 28.3 2024: 16.9 12.1 12.1 14.5 16.1 28.3 2025: 16.8 7.5 11.2 9.3 17.8 37.4 : Ohio ...................2021: 2.3 1.1 4.6 9.2 32.2 50.6 2022: 2.4 3.5 3.5 15.3 28.2 47.1 2023: 2.9 6.9 7.8 11.8 17.6 53.0 2024: 1.2 - 3.5 8.1 18.6 68.6 2025: 1.4 1.4 5.6 9.7 22.2 59.7 : South Dakota ...........2021: 14.5 1.8 21.8 25.5 20.0 16.4 2022: 8.3 12.5 18.8 27.0 16.7 16.7 2023: 10.0 10.0 18.0 18.0 20.0 24.0 2024: 13.5 15.4 11.5 26.9 15.4 17.3 2025: 13.5 15.4 25.0 28.8 11.5 5.8 : Wisconsin ..............2021: 1.5 4.5 4.5 10.6 28.8 50.1 2022: 4.2 4.2 - 14.1 16.9 60.6 2023: - 1.4 5.7 17.1 21.4 54.4 2024: - - 6.3 12.5 25.0 56.2 2025: 1.7 1.7 8.5 11.9 23.7 52.5 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. Corn for Grain Frequency of Farmer Reported Row Widths - Selected States: 2021-2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Row width (inches) State and year :--------------------------------------------------------------- : Less than : : : : More than : 30 : 30 : 36 : 38 : 38 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : number : Illinois ...............2021: 3 127 - - - 2022: 1 126 2 - - 2023: 8 124 1 - - 2024: 4 115 - - - 2025: 6 114 - - - : Indiana ................2021: 1 63 - - - 2022: 1 57 - - - 2023: 2 69 - - - 2024: 4 60 - - 1 2025: 3 61 - - - : Iowa ...................2021: 4 126 2 - - 2022: 6 149 - - - 2023: 5 145 1 - - 2024: 9 130 1 - - 2025: 13 117 - 1 - : Kansas .................2021: 14 91 - - - 2022: 4 85 - - - 2023: 3 91 - - 1 2024: 2 84 - - - 2025: 9 107 2 - - : Minnesota ..............2021: 22 73 - 1 - 2022: 17 99 1 - - 2023: 24 76 2 1 - 2024: 16 84 - 1 - 2025: 19 99 - 1 - : Missouri ...............2021: 2 72 1 5 - 2022: 5 69 1 4 - 2023: 1 73 3 1 - 2024: 3 83 - 2 - 2025: 8 83 1 6 - : Nebraska ...............2021: - 108 20 - - 2022: 1 134 14 - - 2023: 2 119 12 1 - 2024: 5 126 8 - - 2025: - 110 8 - 1 : Ohio ...................2021: 3 83 1 - - 2022: 5 86 - - - 2023: 5 96 1 1 - 2024: 3 82 1 - - 2025: 3 74 1 - - : South Dakota ...........2021: 3 55 2 - - 2022: 6 45 1 - - 2023: 3 51 1 1 - 2024: 5 54 - - - 2025: 7 52 - - - : Wisconsin ..............2021: 2 71 2 2 - 2022: 2 72 1 1 - 2023: 2 70 5 - - 2024: 2 70 2 1 - 2025: 3 67 2 1 - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. Corn for Grain Percentage Distribution by Measured Row Width and Average Row Width - Selected States: 2021-2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Row width (inches) : State and year :Samples :-----------------------------------------------:Average : : 20.5 : 20.6- :30.6- :34.6- : 36.6- :38.6 or : row : :or less : 30.5 : 34.5 : 36.5 : 38.5 :greater : width ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : number ----------------- percent ---------------- inches : Illinois ...............2021: 126 1.6 80.1 18.3 - - - 30.0 2022: 123 - 82.1 16.3 1.6 - - 30.1 2023: 128 3.1 83.6 13.3 - - - 29.8 2024: 112 1.8 86.6 11.6 - - - 29.8 2025: 115 5.2 79.1 15.7 - - - 29.7 : Indiana ................2021: 63 1.6 79.4 19.0 - - - 30.1 2022: 54 - 72.2 27.8 - - - 30.3 2023: 67 1.5 71.6 26.9 - - - 30.0 2024: 61 0.0 78.7 16.4 - 3.3 1.6 30.7 2025: 57 1.8 78.9 19.3 - - - 30.0 : Iowa ...................2021: 127 3.9 82.7 12.6 0.8 - - 29.7 2022: 153 2.6 78.4 19.0 - - - 29.9 2023: 149 1.3 75.8 21.5 0.7 0.7 - 30.1 2024: 136 3.7 84.6 10.3 0.7 0.7 - 29.8 2025: 126 2.4 84.1 11.1 - 2.4 - 29.6 : Kansas .................2021: 99 3.0 83.9 13.1 - - - 29.9 2022: 73 4.1 78.1 17.8 - - - 29.5 2023: 80 2.5 81.2 12.5 2.5 1.3 - 29.9 2024: 69 - 87.0 11.6 1.4 - - 30.1 2025: 112 3.6 75.0 19.6 1.8 - - 29.9 : Minnesota ..............2021: 92 3.3 88.0 7.6 - 1.1 - 28.5 2022: 114 - 83.3 15.8 0.9 - - 29.2 2023: 102 4.9 82.3 10.8 1.0 - 1.0 28.5 2024: 87 3.4 88.6 6.9 - - 1.1 28.8 2025: 116 5.2 84.4 9.5 - - 0.9 28.7 : Missouri ...............2021: 76 2.6 76.3 13.2 1.3 6.6 - 30.5 2022: 78 3.8 69.2 19.2 2.6 2.6 2.6 30.8 2023: 79 1.3 81.0 12.7 2.5 2.5 - 30.4 2024: 82 2.4 83.0 12.2 - 1.2 1.2 30.1 2025: 90 2.2 71.1 17.8 - 6.7 2.2 30.5 : Nebraska ...............2021: 120 - 69.2 15.8 14.2 0.8 - 30.9 2022: 129 0.8 65.8 24.0 7.8 1.6 - 30.8 2023: 120 - 68.3 21.7 5.0 5.0 - 30.8 2024: 124 1.6 64.6 29.0 2.4 2.4 - 30.5 2025: 107 - 70.1 20.6 6.5 2.8 - 30.4 : Ohio ...................2021: 87 3.4 82.9 12.6 1.1 - - 29.9 2022: 85 4.7 87.1 8.2 - - - 29.7 2023: 102 3.9 77.4 16.7 1.0 1.0 - 29.9 2024: 86 2.3 89.5 7.0 1.2 - - 29.9 2025: 72 2.8 81.9 13.9 1.4 - - 30.0 : South Dakota ...........2021: 55 1.8 76.4 14.5 1.8 5.5 - 30.2 2022: 48 6.3 79.1 10.4 2.1 2.1 - 29.3 2023: 50 4.0 64.0 28.0 2.0 2.0 - 30.1 2024: 52 7.7 71.1 21.2 - - - 29.3 2025: 52 7.7 59.6 32.7 - - - 29.4 : Wisconsin ..............2021: 66 - 71.3 22.7 1.5 4.5 - 30.5 2022: 71 - 63.4 31.0 2.8 1.4 1.4 30.6 2023: 70 - 72.8 24.3 2.9 - - 30.3 2024: 64 - 79.6 17.2 1.6 - 1.6 30.1 2025: 60 1.7 73.2 20.0 1.7 1.7 1.7 30.3 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. Soybean Objective Yield Data The National Agricultural Statistics Service is conducting objective yield surveys in 11 soybean-producing States during 2025. Randomly selected plots in soybean fields are visited monthly from September through harvest to obtain specific counts and measurements. Data in this table are actual field counts from this survey. Soybean Pods with Beans per 18 Square Feet - Selected States: 2021-2025 [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : : :: State : : : : : and month : 2021 : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 :: and month : 2021 : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : number :: : number : :: : Arkansas : :: Missouri : September .....: 1,449 1,721 2,043 1,666 1,927 :: September .....: 1,925 1,736 2,099 2,034 2,194 October .......: 1,501 1,746 1,844 1,667 1,999 :: October .......: 1,886 1,606 1,991 2,044 2,191 November ......: 1,583 1,711 1,856 1,650 1,875 :: November ......: 2,047 1,880 2,062 2,022 2,247 Final .........: 1,623 1,711 1,824 1,693 :: Final .........: 2,121 1,875 2,058 2,023 : :: : Illinois : :: Nebraska : September .....: 2,080 1,896 1,952 1,938 2,178 :: September .....: 1,887 1,592 1,644 1,977 2,053 October .......: 2,120 1,888 2,085 2,167 2,225 :: October .......: 2,069 1,597 1,678 1,873 2,143 November ......: 2,222 2,010 2,121 2,167 2,208 :: November ......: 2,148 1,586 1,709 1,886 2,158 Final .........: 2,227 2,011 2,121 2,167 :: Final .........: 2,148 1,586 1,709 1,894 : :: : Indiana : :: North Dakota : September .....: 1,846 1,655 1,927 1,978 2,094 :: September .....: 1,055 1,281 1,250 1,352 1,283 October .......: 1,811 1,749 1,998 2,005 2,171 :: October .......: 1,014 1,298 1,203 1,435 1,436 November ......: 1,822 1,763 1,962 1,914 2,124 :: November ......: 1,009 1,357 1,408 1,485 1,444 Final .........: 1,836 1,773 1,962 1,913 :: Final .........: 1,009 1,357 1,404 1,490 : :: : Iowa : :: Ohio : September .....: 1,732 1,585 1,814 1,859 2,079 :: September .....: 2,060 1,798 1,847 1,797 2,230 October .......: 1,800 1,653 1,997 1,992 2,126 :: October .......: 1,989 1,890 2,003 1,957 2,308 November ......: 1,894 1,785 2,071 2,039 2,114 :: November ......: 2,074 1,788 2,030 1,929 2,180 Final .........: 1,890 1,780 2,070 2,038 :: Final .........: 2,116 1,780 2,030 1,908 : :: : Kansas : :: South Dakota : September .....: 1,404 1,456 1,500 1,365 1,595 :: September .....: 1,626 1,258 1,520 1,345 1,577 October .......: 1,480 1,400 1,372 1,366 1,851 :: October .......: 1,526 1,291 1,552 1,438 1,692 November ......: 1,551 1,392 1,500 1,256 1,856 :: November ......: 1,512 1,305 1,644 1,457 1,717 Final .........: 1,514 1,391 1,529 1,362 :: Final .........: 1,522 1,305 1,644 1,465 : :: : Minnesota : :: 11-State : September .....: 1,603 1,468 1,648 1,619 1,732 :: September .....: 1,717 1,604 1,755 1,746 1,923 October .......: 1,545 1,581 1,695 1,591 1,895 :: October .......: 1,725 1,628 1,799 1,820 2,018 November ......: 1,557 1,610 1,687 1,561 1,822 :: November ......: 1,788 1,690 1,856 1,812 1,995 Final .........: 1,557 1,610 1,667 1,543 :: Final .........: 1,798 1,689 1,854 1,819 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Soybean Frequency of Farmer Reported Row Widths - Selected States: 2021-2025 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Row width (inches) State and year :---------------------------------------------------------------- : Less than : : : : More than : 7.5 1/ : 7.5 : 15 : 30 : 30 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : number : Arkansas ...............2021: 2 13 16 29 42 2022: 6 18 15 31 44 2023: 2 10 10 51 44 2024: 3 9 21 23 63 2025: 7 8 6 50 59 : Illinois ...............2021: 2 7 80 38 - 2022: 3 3 93 44 1 2023: 3 7 84 39 - 2024: - 7 83 32 - 2025: - 5 80 39 - : Indiana ................2021: 1 14 60 8 - 2022: - 11 56 6 - 2023: - 11 68 11 - 2024: - 12 69 5 - 2025: - 4 66 8 - : Iowa ...................2021: 2 3 61 69 1 2022: - 4 74 71 1 2023: - 3 65 74 - 2024: 1 2 64 67 - 2025: 1 5 54 69 - : Kansas .................2021: 1 12 15 16 1 2022: 1 5 24 19 - 2023: 1 6 18 21 - 2024: - 3 16 27 - 2025: 1 15 20 26 - : Minnesota ..............2021: 1 2 22 38 - 2022: 1 3 30 42 - 2023: - 3 18 40 - 2024: 1 - 28 38 - 2025: 1 6 33 33 1 : Missouri ...............2021: 1 6 48 21 5 2022: - 7 60 16 6 2023: 4 8 64 8 6 2024: - 11 56 30 2 2025: 3 6 64 15 9 : Nebraska ...............2021: 1 9 31 50 4 2022: 2 5 25 52 7 2023: - 9 33 48 2 2024: 1 4 24 53 - 2025: - 3 36 32 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Soybean Frequency of Farmer Reported Row Widths - Selected States: 2021-2025 (continued) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Row width (inches) State and year :---------------------------------------------------------------- : Less than : : : : More than : 7.5 1/ : 7.5 : 15 : 30 : 30 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : number : North Dakota ...........2021: - 16 55 13 - 2022: 6 24 47 15 - 2023: 1 26 41 14 - 2024: - 18 54 8 - 2025: 1 20 60 9 - : Ohio ...................2021: 2 21 64 3 1 2022: 7 25 71 5 1 2023: 2 13 82 8 - 2024: 1 9 78 2 - 2025: - 21 59 7 - : South Dakota ...........2021: - 3 26 38 - 2022: - 4 22 47 1 2023: 1 5 27 37 1 2024: - 8 17 45 2 2025: - 2 31 35 2 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. 1/ Includes broadcast soybeans. Soybean Objective Yield Percent of Samples Processed in the Lab - United States: 2021-2025 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : October : November Year :----------------------------------------------------------- : Mature 1/ : Mature 1/ --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : 2021 ..........: 61 92 2022 ..........: 42 90 2023 ..........: 51 91 2024 ..........: 55 96 2025 ..........: 54 87 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Includes soybeans with brown pods and are considered mature or almost mature. Soybean Percentage Distribution by Measured Row Width and Average Row Width - Selected States: 2021-2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Row width (inches) : State and year :Samples :--------------------------------------------:Average : :10.0 or : 10.1- : 18.6- : 28.6- :34.6 or : row : :less 1/ : 18.5 : 28.5 : 34.5 :greater :width 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : number ---------------- percent --------------- inches : Arkansas ...............2021: 105 11.9 15.2 6.2 30.5 36.2 27.9 2022: 113 13.3 14.6 2.7 25.7 43.7 28.3 2023: 118 10.6 5.5 4.2 39.9 39.8 30.4 2024: 119 6.7 13.0 4.2 22.7 53.4 30.7 2025: 130 6.5 9.6 1.2 29.2 53.5 31.5 : Illinois ...............2021: 128 5.5 56.9 5.5 31.3 0.8 19.9 2022: 144 1.0 55.8 13.9 27.9 1.4 20.3 2023: 131 3.8 52.4 13.7 29.0 1.1 20.6 2024: 120 4.6 57.5 12.1 25.8 - 19.3 2025: 120 4.6 50.4 12.1 32.5 0.4 20.6 : Indiana ................2021: 84 12.5 64.3 12.5 10.7 - 16.4 2022: 71 9.2 71.6 12.1 7.1 - 16.0 2023: 88 6.3 73.1 10.9 9.7 - 16.9 2024: 85 5.9 77.5 7.1 9.5 - 16.5 2025: 78 3.2 76.3 9.6 10.9 - 17.1 : Iowa ...................2021: 136 1.5 37.5 11.0 49.3 0.7 23.6 2022: 153 2.9 39.9 8.2 49.0 - 23.0 2023: 143 2.1 39.5 10.8 47.6 - 22.9 2024: 134 1.5 42.2 9.3 44.8 2.2 23.3 2025: 126 3.5 30.9 14.1 51.5 - 23.0 : Kansas .................2021: 49 12.2 46.0 7.1 34.7 - 19.8 2022: 48 9.4 44.7 4.2 41.7 - 20.9 2023: 42 - 44.2 14.0 39.5 2.3 22.1 2024: 44 2.3 31.8 6.8 59.1 - 24.1 2025: 61 10.7 39.3 9.0 41.0 - 21.0 : Minnesota ..............2021: 61 4.1 14.8 23.8 57.3 - 25.2 2022: 77 2.6 20.1 21.4 55.9 - 24.8 2023: 60 4.2 17.5 20.0 57.5 0.8 25.2 2024: 66 1.5 16.0 24.4 58.1 - 25.6 2025: 76 9.2 15.1 29.6 44.8 1.3 23.7 : Missouri ...............2021: 80 10.0 58.7 6.3 22.5 2.5 19.1 2022: 90 6.7 59.9 8.9 17.8 6.7 19.5 2023: 95 8.4 60.5 7.4 18.4 5.3 19.0 2024: 95 8.4 62.6 5.8 20.0 3.2 18.7 2025: 98 2.6 62.3 11.2 16.8 7.1 19.9 : Nebraska ...............2021: 96 7.3 30.7 8.3 48.5 5.2 23.2 2022: 87 6.9 21.8 4.6 59.8 6.9 25.9 2023: 90 5.0 26.8 14.5 48.7 5.0 24.2 2024: 77 3.9 28.6 7.1 60.4 - 24.3 2025: 68 2.9 43.5 5.9 42.6 5.1 23.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Soybean Percentage Distribution by Measured Row Width and Average Row Width - Selected States: 2021-2025 (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Row width (inches) : State and year :Samples :--------------------------------------------:Average : :10.0 or : 10.1- : 18.6- : 28.6- :34.6 or : row : :less 1/ : 18.5 : 28.5 : 34.5 :greater :width 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : number --------------- percent --------------- inches : North Dakota ...........2021: 85 18.2 44.1 27.1 10.6 - 17.2 2022: 95 23.2 47.3 12.6 15.3 1.6 16.9 2023: 81 21.1 42.3 21.1 15.5 - 17.3 2024: 79 10.8 51.9 25.9 11.4 - 17.7 2025: 90 13.3 44.5 29.4 12.8 - 17.8 : Ohio ...................2021: 92 25.0 67.3 3.3 3.3 1.1 14.1 2022: 107 19.6 72.5 2.8 4.2 0.9 14.7 2023: 105 11.9 75.7 6.7 5.7 - 15.7 2024: 88 7.9 85.3 3.4 3.4 - 15.2 2025: 88 18.8 66.9 6.3 8.0 - 15.2 : South Dakota ...........2021: 64 3.1 14.8 33.6 46.2 2.3 24.4 2022: 74 2.0 14.9 22.3 59.4 1.4 25.7 2023: 71 2.8 16.2 23.2 55.7 2.1 25.3 2024: 71 3.5 21.1 16.2 57.8 1.4 24.9 2025: 62 - 20.2 27.4 50.8 1.6 25.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. 1/ Broadcast soybeans included as "10.0 inches or less" but excluded in computation of average width. October Weather Summary Highlights: With a general pattern of drier-than-normal weather from the Plains eastward and unusually wet October weather in the West, there was an ongoing trend toward worsening drought in the central and eastern United States and improving conditions from the Rockies westward. The northern Plains served as an unofficial dividing zone, with streaks of wetness and dryness complicating the drought picture. Additionally, enough rain fell in parts of the mid-South and lower Midwest to stabilize or even improve the drought situation, although many surrounding areas continued to dry out. Late-month developments included wetter weather from the central and southern Plains into the Southeast, following an extended dry spell that favored summer crop harvesting. Any late-October precipitation also favored the germination and establishment of recently planted winter wheat and cover crops. According to the U.S. Drought Monitor, drought coverage across the Lower 48 States seasonally peaked at 46.08 percent on October 21, up more than 11 percentage points from the beginning of September and more than 16 points above an early-August minimum of 29.85 percent. Late-October precipitation in the central and eastern United States helped to slightly reduce national drought coverage to 43.60 percent by October 28. Despite the late-month storminess, there were relatively few reports of October severe weather, with fewer than three dozen tornadoes, nationally, based on preliminary reports. The mainland United States continued to dodge significant tropical impacts during October, as prevailing upper-level winds forced any cyclones to recurve before reaching the Atlantic Seaboard. Late in the month, however, Melissa became the third-strongest hurricane on record in the Atlantic Basin, based on central barometric pressure, which fell to 892 millibars (26.93 inches of mercury) on October 28 while making landfall on the southwestern coast of Jamaica. Based on preliminary observations, Melissa tied the 1935 Florida Keys' Labor Day hurricane for the lowest-ever Atlantic Basin barometric pressure at landfall. Meanwhile, tropical cyclones continued to prowl the eastern Pacific Ocean, with back-to-back storms (Hurricane Priscilla and Tropical Storm Raymond) following a similar path nearly parallel to the Pacific Coast of Mexico. Remnant moisture from Priscilla and Raymond was ultimately drawn northward and contributed to locally heavy precipitation in parts of the western United States. Priscilla existed as a named storm for about a week, from October 4-10, while Raymond survived from October 9-11. October warmth was concentrated across the Nation's mid-section, while near- or below-normal temperatures were common across the middle and southern Atlantic States, excluding Florida, and the Far West. Monthly temperatures broadly averaged at least 5°F across the large sections of the Plains and western Corn Belt, promoting summer crop maturation and harvesting during periods of dry weather. Some of the coolest weather, relative to normal, spanned the Pacific Coast States, with temperatures averaging as much as 5°F below normal in northern and central California. Cool, unsettled October weather, including high-elevation snow, effectively ended the Western wildfire season. Through October, year-to-date wildfires in the United States had burned approximately 4.9 million acres of vegetation, well below the 10-year average of 6.9 million acres. Crop Comments Corn: The 2025 area harvested for grain, forecast at 90.0 million acres, is unchanged from the previous forecast but up 8 percent from last year. Production for grain is forecast at 16.8 billion bushels, down less than 1 percent from the previous forecast but up 12 percent from last year. If realized, this would be the highest grain production on record for the United States. Based on conditions as of November 1, the yield is forecast at a record high 186.0 bushels per acre, down 0.7 bushel from the previous forecast but up 6.7 bushels from last year's final estimate of 179.3 bushels per acre. Record high yields are forecast in Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, South Carolina, South Dakota, Virginia, and Wisconsin. Sorghum: Production is forecast at 428 million bushels, up 7 percent from the previous estimate and up 25 percent from last year. Based on November 1 conditions, yield is forecast at 75.0 bushels per acre, 4.6 bushels above the previous estimate and 13.7 bushels above the 2024 yield of 61.3 bushels per acre. Area harvested for grain is forecast at 5.72 million acres, unchanged from the previous forecast but up 2 percent from 2024. A record high yield is forecast in Oklahoma. Rice: All rice production is forecast at 207 million cwt, down 1 percent from the previous forecast and down 7 percent from the previous year. Compared with the previous year, production increases are expected in California, Louisiana, and Mississippi. Based on conditions as of November 1, the average United States yield is forecast at 7,506 pounds per acre, down 53 pounds from the previous forecast and down 242 pounds per acre from 2024. Area for harvest is expected to total 2.76 million acres, unchanged from the previous estimate but down 4 percent from last year. Soybeans: Production is forecast at 4.25 billion bushels, down 1 percent from the previous estimate and down 3 percent from last year. Based on conditions as of November 1, yields are expected to average a record high 53.0 bushels per acre, down 0.5 bushel from the previous forecast but up 2.3 bushels from last year. Area harvested for beans in the United States is forecast at 80.3 million acres, unchanged from the previous forecast but down 7 percent from last year. If realized, the forecasted yield will be a record high in Illinois, Iowa, Nebraska, Oklahoma, and Wisconsin. Peanuts: Production is forecast at 7.47 billion pounds in 2025, up 1 percent from the previous forecast and up 15 percent from the revised 2024 total of 6.49 billion pounds. If realized, this would be a record high production for the United States. Area harvested is expected to total 1.90 million acres, unchanged from the previous forecast but up 9 percent from 2024. Based on conditions as of November 1, the average yield for the United States is forecast at 3,930 pounds per acre, up 40 pounds per acre from the previous forecast and up 207 pounds per acre from 2024. Record high production is expected in Georgia and North Carolina. Cotton: Upland cotton production is forecast at 13.7 million 480-pound bales, up 6 percent from the previous forecast but down 1 percent from 2024. Pima cotton production is forecast at 380,000 bales, up 23 percent from the previous forecast but down 19 percent from 2024. Upland harvested area for the Nation is expected to total 7.23 million acres, unchanged from the previous estimate but down 5 percent from last year. Pima harvested area is expected to total 139,200 acres, unchanged from the previous estimate but down 31 percent from last year. Record high yields for Upland cotton are forecast in Arkansas, Louisiana, and Missouri. Sugarbeets: Production of sugarbeets for the 2025 crop year is forecast at 35.1 million tons, down 1 percent from the previous estimate and down slightly from last year. Producers expect to harvest 1.07 million acres, unchanged from the previous estimate but down 2 percent from last year. Yield is forecast at 32.9 tons per acre, down 0.1 ton from the previous estimate but up 0.4 ton from last year. Record high production is forecast in Idaho and North Dakota. Sugarcane: Production of sugarcane for sugar and seed is forecast at 35.8 million tons, up 4 percent from both the previous estimate and 2024. Producers intend to harvest 939,000 acres for sugar and seed during the 2025 crop year, up slightly from the previous estimate and up 2 percent from 2024. Yields for sugar and seed are expected to average 38.1 tons per acre, up 1.4 tons per acre from the previous estimate and up 0.7 ton from 2024. Record high production for sugarcane for sugar and seed is forecast in Louisiana. Potatoes: Production of potatoes for the 2025 crop year is forecast at 412 million cwt, down 2 percent from last year. Planted area, at 901,000 acres, is down 1 percent from the June estimate and down 3 percent from last season. Area harvested, at 894,800 acres, is down 1 percent from the previous forecast and down 3 percent from the previous year. Area planted and area harvested both represent the lowest acreage on record for the United States. Based on conditions as of November 1, the yield is forecast at a record high of 461 cwt per acre, up 7 cwt from last year's yield. Record high yields are forecast in Colorado, Nebraska, North Dakota, and Oregon. Statistical Methodology Field crop survey procedures: Objective yield and farm operator surveys were conducted between October 25 and November 9 to gather information on expected yield as of November 1. Beginning in September, the objective yield surveys for corn and soybeans were conducted in the major producing States that usually account for about 75 percent of the United States production. Randomly selected plots were revisited to make current counts. The counts made within each sample plot depend on the crop and the maturity of that crop. In all cases, plant counts are recorded along with other measurements that provide information to forecast the number of ears or pods and their weight. The counts are used with similar data from previous years to develop a projected biological yield. The average harvesting loss is subtracted to obtain a net yield. The plots are revisited each month until crop maturity when the fruit is harvested and weighed. After the farm operator has harvested the sample field, another plot is sampled to obtain current year harvesting loss. The farm operator survey was conducted primarily by telephone with some use of mail, internet, and personal interviewers. Approximately 6,690 producers were interviewed during the survey period and asked questions about probable yield. Field crop estimating procedures: National and State level objective yield and grower reported data were reviewed for reasonableness and consistency with historical estimates. The survey data were also reviewed considering weather patterns and crop progress compared to previous months and previous years. Each Regional Field Office submits their analysis of the current situation to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the survey data and the State analyses to prepare the published November 1 forecasts. Revision policy: The November 1 production forecast will not be revised; instead, a new forecast will be made each month throughout the growing season. End-of-season estimates are made after harvest. At the end of the marketing season, a balance sheet is calculated using carryover stocks, production, exports, millings, feeding, and ending stocks. Revisions are then made if the balance sheet relationships or other administrative data warrant changes. Estimates of acres for barley, corn, cotton, dry edible beans, oats, peanuts, rice, sorghum, soybeans, sugarbeets, and wheat are subject to revision in the August Crop Production report. Acres for chickpeas, corn, cotton, dry edible peas, lentils, peanuts, rice, sorghum, soybeans, and sugarbeets are subject to revision in the September Crop Production report each year. Barley, oats, rye, and wheat end-of-season estimates are published in the Small Grains Annual Summary report at the end of September. Canola, dry edible beans, and sunflower acres are subject to revision in the October Crop Production report. Potato acres are subject to revision in the November Crop Production report. End-of-season estimates for all other row crops are published in the Annual Crop Production Summary in January. Revisions to planted acres will only be made when either special survey data, administrative data, such as Farm Service Agency certified acreage data, or remote sensing data are available. Harvested acres may be revised any time a production forecast is made if there is sufficient data indicating that the intended harvested area has changed since the last forecast. Reliability: To assist users in evaluating the reliability of the November 1 production forecast, the "Root Mean Square Error," a statistical measure based on past performance, is computed. The deviation between the November 1 production forecast and the final estimate is expressed as a percentage of the final estimate. The average of the squared percentage deviations for the latest 20-year period is computed. The square root of the average becomes statistically the "Root Mean Square Error." Probability statements can be made concerning expected differences in the current forecast relative to the final end-of-season estimate, assuming that factors affecting this year's forecast are not different from those influencing recent years. For example, the "Root Mean Square Error" for the November 1 corn for grain production forecast is 1.3 percent. This means that chances are 2 out of 3 that the current production forecast will not be above or below the final estimate by more than 1.3 percent. Chances are 9 out of 10 (90 percent confidence level) that the difference will not exceed 2.2 percent. Also, shown in the following table is a 20-year record for selected crops of the differences between the November 1 forecast and the final estimate. Using corn again as an example, changes between the November 1 forecast and the final estimate during the last 20 years have averaged 137 million bushels, ranging from 4 million bushels to 420 million bushels. The November 1 forecast has been below the final estimate 7 times and above 13 times. This does not imply that the November 1 corn forecast this year is likely to understate or overstate final production. Reliability of November 1 Crop Production Forecasts [Based on data for the past twenty years] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : Difference between forecast : : : and final estimate : : :-------------------------------------------- : :90 percent : Production : Years Crop : Root mean :confidence :-------------------------------------------- :square error: interval : : : : Below : Above : : :Average :Smallest:Largest : final : final ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---- percent --- ------ millions ------ number : Corn for grain ........bushels: 1.3 2.2 137 4 420 7 13 Peanut 1/ ..............pounds: 4.8 8.3 208 10 662 12 8 Potato ....................cwt: 1.2 2.0 4 1 12 15 5 Rice ......................cwt: 1.6 2.7 2 (Z) 11 13 7 Sorghum for grain .....bushels: 7.6 13.1 15 1 48 11 9 Soybeans for beans ....bushels: 1.8 3.1 54 1 171 11 9 Sugarbeets for sugar .....tons: 1.6 2.8 (Z) (Z) 1 11 9 Sugarcane ................tons: 4.3 7.4 1 (Z) 2 10 10 Upland cotton 1/ ........bales: 5.3 9.2 579 66 2,474 6 14 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (Z) Less than half of the unit shown. 1/ Quantity is in thousands of units. USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service Information Contacts Listed below are the commodity statisticians in the Crops Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to nass@usda.gov Anthony Prillaman, Acting Chief, Crops Branch............................................................ (202) 720-2127 Chris Hawthorn, Head, Field Crops Section (202) 720-2127 Joshua Bates - Asparagus, Hemp, Maple Syrup, Soybeans (202) 690-3234 Natasha Bruton - Cotton System Consumption and Stocks, Grain Crushings, Fats and Oils, Flour Milling Products, Broccoli, Cauliflower, Plums, Prunes (202) 690-1042 Noemi Guindin - Crop Progress and Condition, Kiwifruit (202) 720-2127 Michelle Harder - Hay, Kale, Peanuts, Raspberries................................................... (202) 690-8533 Deonne Holiday - Almonds, Carrots, Coffee, Cranberries, Garlic, Onions Proso Millet, Rye, Tobacco..................................................................... (202) 720-4288 Bret Holliman - Apricots, Barley, Chickpeas, Nectarines, Peaches, Snap Beans, Tomatoes (202) 720-7235 James Johanson - Dry Edible Beans, Lettuce, Macadamias, Wheat (202) 720-8068 Greg Lemmons - Beets, Corn, Flaxseed, Pears, Rice, Sweet Corn (202) 720-9526 Krishna Rizal - Artichokes, Celery, Grapefruit, Lemons, Mandarins and tangerines, Mint, Mushrooms, Olives, Oranges, Pistachios................................................... (202) 720-5412 Chris Singh - Apples, Cucumbers, Hazelnuts, Potatoes, Pumpkins, Squash, Sugarbeets, Sugarcane, Sweet Potatoes (202) 720-4285 Becky Sommer - Cabbage, Cotton, Cotton Ginnings, Sorghum, Walnuts, Strawberries (202) 720-5944 Travis Thorson - Blueberries, Canola, Mustard Seed, Rapeseed, Safflower, Spinach, Sunflower............................................................................. (202) 720-7369 Antonio Torres - Cantaloupes, Dry Edible Peas, Grapes, Green Peas, Honeydews, Lentils, Oats, Sweet Cherries, Tart Cherries, Watermelons........................... (202) 720-2157 Chris Wallace - Avocados, Bell Peppers, Chile Peppers, Dates, Floriculture, Hops, Papayas, Pecans.......................................................................... (202) 720-4215 Access to NASS Reports For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways: All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: www.nass.usda.gov. The national specific reports are available via a free e-mail subscription. To set-up this free subscription, visit www.nass.usda.gov and click on "National" in upper right corner above "search" box to create an account and select the reports you would like to receive. Economics, Statistics, and Market Information (ESMIS) - National Agricultural Library (NAL) website houses NASS's and other agency archived reports at https://esmis.nal.usda.gov. All email subscriptions containing reports will be sent from https://esmis.nal.usda.gov. For more information on NASS surveys and reports, call the NASS Agricultural Statistics Hotline at (800) 727-9540, 7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET, or e-mail: nass@usda.gov. If you have specific questions you would like an expert to respond to, please visit our "Ask A Specialist" website at www.nass.usda.gov/Contact_Us/Ask_a_Specialist. 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