United States Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Statistics Service Ag Ch 2 (06) Agricultural Chemical Usage Swine and Swine Facilities December 2006 Table of Contents Page Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 Number of Positive Usable Swine Chemical Use Reports (MAP) . . . . . . . .3 Swine Inventories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Chemical Applications Table - All Swine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Chemical Applications Table - All Swine Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Chemical Application Methods - All Swine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 Chemical Applications by Target Pest - All Swine . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 Chemical Applications by Facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 Survey Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 Estimation Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 Reliability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 Terms and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 Pesticide Class, Common Name, and Trade Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Survey Instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Report Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 2005 Agricultural Chemical Use Estimates for Swine and Swine Facilities Overview: The agricultural chemical use estimates in this report are based on data compiled from a survey conducted in the summer of 2006 in 17 Program States, which contain approximately 94 percent of the U.S. hog inventory. The Program States are the 17 States published individually in the Quarterly Hogs and Pigs report. These States are listed in the inventory table on page 4 of this report. This report provides insecticide use information on the swine sector of agriculture. All data refer to the on-farm use of active ingredients contained in insecticides applied during the 2005 calendar year. Insecticides are applied to swine and swine facilities to control mange/mites, lice, flies, and other pests. Chemical data are provided on a rate per head per application and rate per head per year basis. Some swine received no chemical applications in 2005, whereas, other hogs and pigs received multiple applications of the same chemical. In yet other cases, swine received applications of several different chemicals. The number of times a chemical was applied varied significantly based on product formulation, method of application, and pest stress at particular locations. The rate per head data cannot be used to calculate the actual number of head treated with a particular chemical. June 2006 hog and pig inventories are reprinted in this report from the September 2006 Quarterly Hogs and Pigs report. This report excludes pharmaceutical products that treat swine for internal pests. A pharmaceutical is classified as a drug and is regulated by the Federal Drug Administration (FDA). Pharmaceuticals generally target internal livestock pests such as viruses, bacteria, or worms. Some products can be classified as either a pesticide or a pharmaceutical because they treat both external and internal pests. Examples of dual purpose products are Doramectin and Ivermectin. These products can be applied to swine internally through oral dosage or injection, or applied externally as a pour-on. Also excluded are disinfectants and sanitizers. Only insecticide data were collected and summarized. Insecticide use information on chemical applications made to swine facilities is also included in this report. Herbicide and termite chemical applications are excluded, as are all rodenticides. Highlights All Swine: Agricultural producers applied 22,856 pounds of insecticides to hogs and pigs in the 17 Program States in 2005. Phosmet, at 12,154 pounds, was the top active ingredient used on swine with respect to total quantity used, followed by malathion at 5,415 pounds, and tetrachlorvinphos (Z-isomer) at 3,224 pounds. These three active ingredients accounted for 91 percent of the total pounds of active ingredients applied to swine in the 17 Program States in 2005. Of the total chemical applications made to swine in 2005 in the 17 Program States, 45 percent were applied by spray, 25 percent by injection, 10 percent through feed additives, 15 percent as pour-on, and 2 percent by dust bag. All other methods accounted for the remaining 3 percent of the chemical applications. Of the total chemical applications made to swine in 2005 in the 17 Program States, 53 percent were for mange/mites, 27 percent for lice, and 10 percent for flies. All other pests accounted for the remaining 10 percent. All Swine Facilities: In the 17 Program States, a total of 12,925 pounds of insecticides were applied to hog and pig facilities in 2005. Malathion had the highest quantity used at 4,073 pounds. Cyfluthrin had the second highest quantity used at 2,361 pounds followed by imidacloprid at 1,753 pounds. Of the total chemical applications to hog facilities in the 17 Program States in 2005, 75 percent were applied to total confinement buildings, 13 percent to open buildings with no outside access, and 10 percent to open buildings with outside access. All other buildings accounted for 2 percent of the chemical applications. U.S. Quarterly Hog & Pig Inventory by State, June 1, 2006 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : State : Breeding : Market : Total : : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 Head : AR : 85 195 280 CO : 150 690 840 IL : 430 3,770 4,200 IN : 320 2,880 3,200 IA : 1,080 15,420 16,500 KS : 160 1,670 1,830 MI : 100 870 970 MN : 590 6,110 6,700 MO : 350 2,350 2,700 NE : 365 2,585 2,950 NC : 1,020 8,580 9,600 OH : 165 1,445 1,610 OK : 360 2,000 2,360 PA : 100 990 1,090 SD : 160 1,300 1,460 TX : 105 855 960 WI : 55 375 430 : Other : States : 465 3,272 3,737 : US : 6,060 55,357 61,417 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- All Swine: Agricultural Chemical Applications, Program States, 2005 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Agricultural : Rate per : Rate per : Total Chemicals : Application : Market : Applied : : Year : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Grams Grams : per head per head Pounds : Insecticides: : Amitraz : 0.751 2.344 637 Carbaryl : * * * Coumaphos : * * * Cyfluthrin : * * * Dichlorvos : * * * Doramectin : 0.012 0.013 6 Ivemectin : 0.027 0.034 81 Malathion : 6.192 22.537 5,415 Methomyl : * * * Permethrin : 0.401 1.184 929 Phosmet : 1.961 5.026 12,154 Piperonyl butoxide : 0.037 0.426 162 Pyrethrins : 0.005 0.057 20 Sulfur : * * * Tetrachlorvinphos (Z-isomer) : 0.262 1.512 3,224 Tricosene : * * * : Total Insecticides : NA NA 22,856 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient number of reports to publish data. All Swine Facilities: Agricultural Chemical Applications, Total Applied, Program States, 2005 ------------------------------------------------------------ Agricultural : Total Chemicals : Applied ------------------------------------------------------------ : Pounds : Insecticides: : Abamectin : * Acephate : * Butoxypolypropylene glycol : * Carbaryl : 41 Chlorpyrifos : * Coumaphos : * Cyfluthrin : 2,361 Cypermethrin : * Diazinon : 1,702 Dichlorvos : 128 Dioxathion : * Doramectin : * Fenvalerate : * Imidacloprid : 1,753 Lambda-cyhalothrin : 5 Malathion : 4,073 Methomyl : 435 Naled : * Octacide-264 : * Permethrin : 910 Phosmet : 102 Piperonyl butoxide : 528 Pyrethrins : 81 Pyriproxyfen : * Tetrachlorvinphos (Z-isomer) : 101 Tetramethrin : 1 Tricosene : 370 : Total Insecticides : 12,925 ------------------------------------------------------------ * Insufficient number of reports to publish data. All Swine: Chemical Applications Percent of Total Applications by Method of Application, 2005 ------------------------------------------------------------ Method : All Swine ------------------------------------------------------------ : Percent : Spray : 45 Injection : 25 Feed Additive : 10 Pour-On : 15 Dust Bags : 2 Other : 3 : Total : 100 ------------------------------------------------------------ All Swine: Chemical Applications Percent of Total Applications by Target Pest, 2005 ------------------------------------------------------------ Target Pest : All Swine ------------------------------------------------------------ : Percent : Mange/Mites : 53 Lice : 27 Flies : 10 Other : 10 : Total : 100 ------------------------------------------------------------ All Swine Facilities: Chemical Applications Percent of Total Applications by Facility Treated, 2005 ------------------------------------------------------------ Facility : All Facilities ------------------------------------------------------------ : Percent : Total Confinement : 75 Open Building With No Outside Access : 13 Open Building with Outside Access : 10 Other : 2 : Total : 100 ------------------------------------------------------------ Survey Procedures: The estimates in this report are based on the 2006 National Animal Health Monitoring System (NAHMS) Swine Survey conducted in July 2006 in the 17 Program States. This survey was based on a sample of operators meeting the criteria of 100 or more hogs and pigs raised on their operations from the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) list frame. The swine population targets the independent producers and contract operations that raise hogs. Enumerators collected a variety of information including swine insecticide applications for respondents' entire operation. Data were collected in the headquarter's State for each selected operation. Estimation Procedures: The chemical application data, reported by product name or trade name, are reviewed within States and across States for reasonableness and consistency. This review also compares reported data with manufacturer's recommendations and with data from other farm operators using the same product. Following this review, product information is converted to an active ingredient level. The chemical usage estimates in this publication consist of survey estimates of those active ingredients. Estimates of total amount of active ingredient applied are based on hog inventory as of June 1, 2006, for operations with 100 or more hogs in the Program States. These operations account for more than 99 percent of the hog inventory. The estimates for total amount applied will not be revised even if there are subsequent inventory revisions. Data in this report are published for the Program States only. Detailed data within a table may not sum to totals due to independent rounding of published values. June 2006 hog inventory estimates were published in the Quarterly Hogs and Pigs report on September 29, 2006. Hog and pig inventory by size group was published in the Farms, Land in Farms, and Livestock Operations, 2005 Summary published January 31, 2006 Reliability: The survey was designed so that the estimates are statistically representative of chemical use on swine and swine facilities. The reliability of these survey results is affected by sampling variability and non-sampling errors. The results of this survey are subject to sampling variability. Sampling variability is a measure of how the estimates would differ if other samples had been drawn. The sampling variability expressed as a percent of the estimate is called the coefficient of variation (cv). Sampling variability of the estimates differed considerably by chemical. In general, the more often the chemical was applied, the smaller the sampling variability. For example, estimates of use of a commonly used product, such as ivermectin, will exhibit less variability than a more rarely used product. For more commonly used chemicals, cv's will range from 50-150 percent at the U.S. level. Some rare items could have cv's above 200 percent. These rare items have an insufficient number of reports for publication and are noted with an asterisk (*). Non-sampling errors occur during a survey process, and unlike sampling variability, are difficult to measure. They may be caused by interviewers failing to follow instructions, poorly worded questions, non-response, problematic survey procedures, or data handling mistakes between collection and publication. In this survey, all survey procedures and analyses were carried out in a consistent and orderly manner to minimize the occurrence of these types of errors. Terms and Definitions Active ingredient: The specific chemical which kills or controls the target pests. Usage data are reported by pesticide product and are converted to an amount of active ingredient. Agricultural chemicals: The active ingredients in fertilizers and pesticides. Application rates: The average weight of a pesticide active ingredient applied per head of livestock. For this survey, rate per application is the average number of grams applied in one application. Rate per year is the average number of grams applied counting multiple applications. Common name: The common name is an officially recognized name for an active ingredient. This report shows active ingredient by common name. Dust Bags: An application method where the chemical is applied by either the animal hitting the bag containing an insecticide or a person shaking the bag over the animal. Farm: Any establishment from which $1,000 or more of agricultural products were sold or would normally be sold during the year. Government payments are included in sales. Places with all acreage enrolled in conservation or other government programs are considered operating farms. Facility: A structure and/or area where the animals are located or to which they have access. Injectibles: Pesticides applied by injection. Some injectibles control internal parasites with added benefit of external control. Open Building With No Outside Access: Any building for housing swine that is open on one or more sides all year (natural ventilation); however, animals always have roof overhead. Open sides of the building might have a curtain. Open Building With Outside Access: Any building where swine have access to an outside area (such as an uncovered pen). Pesticides: As defined by the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA); include any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying, repelling, or mitigating any pest, and any substance or mixture of substances intended for use as a plant regulator, defoliant, or desiccant. An insecticide is a class of pesticides that is used to control insects. Pour-Ons: Insecticides formulated for direct application to the backlines of animals. The chemical is absorbed through the skin and circulates through the animal's system. Sprays: Emulsifiable concentrates or soluble formulations are usually used with smaller sprayers. Animals are usually sprayed with enough solution to cover the animal thoroughly. Total Confinement: Refers to animals restricted to being inside a building that has mechanical ventilation. Trade name: A name given to a specific formulation of a pesticide product. A formulation contains a specific concentration of the active ingredient, carrier materials, and other ingredients such as emulsifiers and wetting agents. Some formulations, as in the case of pre-mixes, can contain more than one active ingredient. Pesticide Class, Common Name, and Trade Name The following is a list of the associated class, (I=Insecticide) and active ingredients included in this report. Also provided are product trade names associated with the listed active ingredients reported in the survey. This list is provided as an aid in reviewing pesticide data. The list is not complete for all trade names used and NASS does not mean to imply the use of any specific trade name. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Class: Common Name : Trade Name -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I : Abamectin Fatal Attraction I : Acephate Orthene 75 S I : Amitraz Taktic E. C. I : Butoxypolypropylene glycol Repel X Fly Spray I : Carbaryl Sevin Bait (5%), Sevin 4F, Sevin Bait I : Chlorpyrifos Dursban 4E, Duplex TR I : Coumaphos Co-Ral Flowable, Insecticide, Co-Ral : Insecticide, Dust,Co-Ral Livestock : Spray (5.8%) I : Cyfluthrin Countdown WP Premise Insecticide, : Countdown EC Premise, CyLence Pour-on, : Duraplex TR, Tempo(1%) Dust,Tempo 2, Tempo : 20 WP Demon EC, Viper Insecticide : Concentrate I : Diazinon Diazinon AG500(4E), Diazinon 50W I : Dichlorvos Fly Bait(generic) .5% Dichlorvos, : Vapona Insecticide EC, Pest Strip, Prozap : VIP Insect Spray, Pyrethrin Plus Spray with : Vapona, Ravap Livestock Spray EC, Vapona : Concentrate Insecticide(4EC), Vapona EM-2 I : Dioxathion Del-Tox (20.4%) I : Doramectin Dectomax Pour-on, I : Fenvalerate Ectrin (10%) WDL I : Imidacloprid QuickBayt Fly Bait I : Ivermectin Ivomec (1%) Injection, Ivomec : Pour-on for Cattle, Ivomec Premix for swine I : Lambda-cyhalothrin Demand CS, Tiaga Z, : Grenade ER Premise Insecticide, Warrior I : Malathion Malathion ULV 9.7lbs. (95%), : Malathion`5 Dust, Malathion 8E, Malathion : 5 EC (57%), 4% Malathion Powder Insecticide I : Methomyl Apache Fly Bait, Golden Malrin Fly : Bait, Die Fly (Bait), BlueStreak Fly Bait I : Octacide-264 CB-40 Inscticide, Bio Flea : Halt Fogger I : Naled Fly Killer D I : Permethrin Pounce 3.2EC, Permethrin 3.2EC, : A-200 Lice Control Spray, Home Lice Control : Spray, Evercide, Permethrin 10% EC, : Permethrin 10 ECW, Atroban 11% EC, Ectiban : D (.25%),Ectiban EC, Insectrin WP (25%), -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --continued -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Class: Common Name : Trade Name -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Permectrin Flyand Louse Dust, Permectrin II : 10% EC, Permectrin Plus, Permectrin CD Pour : -on,Permethrin 20 MEC Spray, 0.25% Permethrin : Dust, Bio Flea Halt Fogger, Raid Wasp and : Hornet Killer 13, Synergized Pour-on, 5% : Permethrin Pour-on, Gardstar 40% EC, : Permectrin Insecticide Spray, SwineGuard : Pour-on for Swine I : Phosmet Prolate/Lintox-HD, Prolate 1-E I : Piperonyl butoxide Evergreen Crop Protection EC : 60-6, Pyrenone 25-5 Pyrethrins : 5% Spray, ULD BP-50, Country Vet Farm Dairy : CV-40-4D, Country Vet Farm Dairy CV-40-2D, : Country Vet Farm Dairy CV-40-3D Insect Spray, : Permectrin Plus, Dy Fly Dairy Aeroso, LD44Z : Farm Insect Fogger, Repel X Fly Spray, : Permectrin CD pour-on, Fly Spray (generic), : CB-40 Insecticide, Pyrethrin Plus Spray with : Vapona, Prozap VIP Insect Spray, Synergized : Pour-on, Moorman`s Fly Spray, Pyrenone : Multi-Purpose Knockout Spray, CV-80D Country : Vet Farm & Dairy Spray, Prozap LD-44Z Insect : Fogger, Konk Too Flying Insect Killer, Fly-A- : Rest Aerosol II, Dairy Aerosol Insect Spray, : Pryenone 25-5 Pyrethrins 5% Spray, Pyrethrin : Plus Spray with Vapona I : Pyrethrins Evergreen Crop Protection EC 60-6, : Pyrenone 25-5 Pyrethrins 5% Spray, ULD BP-50, : Country Vet Farm Dairy CV-40-4D, Country Vet : Farm Dairy CV-40-2D, Country Vet Farm Dairy : CV-40-3D Insect Spray, Dy Fly Dairy Aeroso, : LD44Z Farm Insect Fogger, Repel X Fly Spray : Fly Spray (generic), CB-40 Insecticide, : Pyrethrin Plus Spray with Vapona, Prozap VIP : Insect Spray, Moorman`s Fly Spray, Pyrenone : Multi-Purpose Knockout Spray, CV-80D Country : Vet Farm & Dairy Spray, Prozap LD-44Z Insect : Fogger, Konk Too Flying Insect Killer, Fly-A- : Rest Aerosol II, Dairy Aerosol Insect Spray I : Pyriproxyfen Bio Flea Halt Fogger I : Tetrachlorvinphos(Z-isomer) Rabon 50 WP, Rabon 3 Livestock Dust, Ravap : Livestock Spray EC, Rabon 7.76 Oral : Larvicide Premix I : Tetramethrin Raid Wasp and Hornet Killer 13 I : Tricosene Golden Malrin Fly Bait, Quick Fly Bait -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Report Features Listed below are persons within the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. 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