Small Grains 2010 Summary September 2010 ISSN: 1949-162X United States Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Statistics Service Special Note NASS is in the process of modifying report layouts in order to improve readability. This is the first issue produced using the new layout. This report issue is published using both layouts but future issues will only be produced using this layout. The previous layout is available on the NASS website: www.nass.usda.gov. All wheat production totaled 2.22 billion bushels in 2010, down 2 percent from the August forecast but up slightly from 2009. Grain area is 47.7 million acres, down 4 percent from last year. The United States yield is a record high 46.7 bushels per acre, 2.3 bushels higher than last year and 1.8 bushels higher than the previous record set in 2008. The levels of production and changes from last year by type are: winter wheat, 1.49 billion bushels, down 3 percent; other spring wheat, 627 million bushels, up 7 percent; Durum wheat, 111 million bushels, up 2 percent. Oat production is estimated at a record low 81.9 million bushels, 6 percent below the August forecast and down 12 percent from last year. Yield is estimated at 64.6 bushels per acre, down 1.7 bushels from the last forecast and down 2.9 bushels from the previous year. Compared with last year, yields decreased or stayed the same for most States, with the exception of Michigan, Texas, and several States in the Northwest. Harvested area, at 1.27 million acres, is 4 percent below August and 8 percent below last year. This is the smallest acreage harvested for grain on record, continuing a steady downward trend. Barley production is estimated at 182 million bushels, down 1 percent from the August 1 forecast and 20 percent below 2009. Average yield per acre, at 73.6 bushels, is up 1.3 bushels from August and 0.6 bushel from last year and is the highest yield on record since estimates began in 1866. Producers seeded 2.87 million acres in 2010, down 19 percent from last year. This is the lowest planted acreage on record. Harvested area, at 2.47 million acres, is down 3 percent from the August 1 forecast and down 21 percent from 2009, and the lowest level since 1882. This report was approved on September 30, 2010. Acting Secretary of Agriculture James W. Miller Agricultural Statistics Board Chairperson Hubert Hamer Contents Oat Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2008 2010 6 Oat Yield and Production - States and United States: 2008 2010 7 Barley Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2008 2010 8 Barley Yield and Production - States and United States: 2008 2010 9 All Wheat Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2008 2010 10 All Wheat Yield and Production - States and United States: 2008 2010 11 Winter Wheat Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2008 2010 12 Winter Wheat Yield and Production - States and United States: 2008 2010 13 Other Spring Wheat Area Planted, Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2008 2010 14 Durum Wheat Area Planted, Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2008 2010 15 Wheat Production by Class - United States: 2008 2010 15 Winter Wheat Production Distribution by Class - States: 2009 and 2010 16 Other Spring Wheat (excluding Durum) Production Distribution by Class - States: 2009 and 2010 17 Winter Wheat Heads per Square Foot - Selected States: 2006 2010 18 Rye Area Planted, Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2008 2010 19 Small Grain Annual Summary Area Planted, Harvested, Yield, and Production - United States: 2008 2010 (Domestic Units) 20 Small Grain Annual Summary Area Planted, Harvested, Yield, and Production - United States: 2008 2010 (Metric Units) 21 Crop Comments 22 Statistical Methodology 24 Information Contacts 25 This page intentionally left blank. Oat Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2008-2010 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted 1/ : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2008 : 2009 : 2010 : 2008 : 2009 : 2010 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Alabama .......: 50 50 35 15 11 10 Arkansas 2/ ...: (NA) 10 10 (NA) 8 7 California ....: 260 250 220 25 30 25 Colorado ......: 45 60 55 7 9 9 Georgia .......: 65 60 50 25 20 15 Idaho .........: 70 80 70 20 25 20 Illinois ......: 45 40 45 30 25 30 Indiana .......: 15 15 20 5 7 8 Iowa ..........: 150 200 180 75 95 70 Kansas ........: 60 85 65 25 35 25 : Maine .........: 32 32 31 31 31 30 Michigan ......: 75 70 75 60 55 60 Minnesota .....: 250 250 260 175 170 165 Missouri ......: 15 15 20 6 9 8 Montana .......: 60 70 65 30 32 27 Nebraska ......: 95 100 90 35 30 25 New York ......: 80 90 80 64 60 58 North Carolina : 60 50 40 30 15 15 North Dakota ..: 320 350 280 130 165 110 Ohio ..........: 75 65 65 50 45 50 : Oklahoma ......: 50 50 45 10 15 9 Oregon ........: 45 45 45 18 22 22 Pennsylvania ..: 105 110 110 80 80 80 South Carolina : 33 30 26 19 15 13 South Dakota ..: 220 200 190 120 90 105 Texas .........: 600 600 550 100 60 80 Utah ..........: 40 45 40 4 5 4 Virginia ......: 12 12 12 4 4 4 Washington ....: 20 20 20 5 6 5 Wisconsin .....: 270 310 310 190 195 170 Wyoming .......: 30 40 34 12 10 9 : United States .: 3,247 3,404 3,138 1,400 1,379 1,268 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Includes area planted in preceding fall. 2/ Estimates began in 2009. Oat Yield and Production - States and United States: 2008-2010 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2008 : 2009 : 2010 : 2008 : 2009 : 2010 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----------- bushels ---------- -------- 1,000 bushels ------- : Alabama .......: 50.0 50.0 45.0 750 550 450 Arkansas 1/ ...: (NA) 80.0 80.0 (NA) 640 560 California ....: 80.0 105.0 95.0 2,000 3,150 2,375 Colorado ......: 70.0 65.0 65.0 490 585 585 Georgia .......: 69.0 56.0 54.0 1,725 1,120 810 Idaho .........: 69.0 78.0 80.0 1,380 1,950 1,600 Illinois ......: 70.0 65.0 65.0 2,100 1,625 1,950 Indiana .......: 75.0 69.0 66.0 375 483 528 Iowa ..........: 65.0 65.0 62.0 4,875 6,175 4,340 Kansas ........: 53.0 53.0 50.0 1,325 1,855 1,250 : Maine .........: 65.0 65.0 65.0 2,015 2,015 1,950 Michigan ......: 66.0 63.0 68.0 3,960 3,465 4,080 Minnesota .....: 68.0 71.0 69.0 11,900 12,070 11,385 Missouri ......: 55.0 55.0 45.0 330 495 360 Montana .......: 51.0 56.0 61.0 1,530 1,792 1,647 Nebraska ......: 70.0 69.0 68.0 2,450 2,070 1,700 New York ......: 66.0 77.0 67.0 4,224 4,620 3,886 North Carolina : 80.0 70.0 60.0 2,400 1,050 900 North Dakota ..: 51.0 68.0 63.0 6,630 11,220 6,930 Ohio ..........: 70.0 75.0 70.0 3,500 3,375 3,500 : Oklahoma ......: 40.0 34.0 33.0 400 510 297 Oregon ........: 100.0 100.0 110.0 1,800 2,200 2,420 Pennsylvania ..: 58.0 61.0 59.0 4,640 4,880 4,720 South Carolina : 64.0 55.0 47.0 1,216 825 611 South Dakota ..: 73.0 73.0 72.0 8,760 6,570 7,560 Texas .........: 50.0 47.0 52.0 5,000 2,820 4,160 Utah ..........: 75.0 81.0 74.0 300 405 296 Virginia ......: 70.0 54.0 44.0 280 216 176 Washington ....: 80.0 80.0 84.0 400 480 420 Wisconsin .....: 62.0 68.0 58.0 11,780 13,260 9,860 Wyoming .......: 50.0 61.0 61.0 600 610 549 : United States .: 63.7 67.5 64.6 89,135 93,081 81,855 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Estimates began in 2009. Barley Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2008-2010 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted 1/ : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2008 : 2009 : 2010 : 2008 : 2009 : 2010 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Arizona .......: 42 48 45 40 45 44 California ....: 95 90 110 60 55 75 Colorado ......: 80 78 64 72 77 63 Delaware ......: 25 28 20 22 26 18 Idaho .........: 600 530 490 580 510 470 Kansas ........: 17 14 10 10 9 7 Kentucky 2/ ...: 8 (NA) (NA) 7 (NA) (NA) Maine .........: 20 16 16 19 15 15 Maryland ......: 45 55 45 35 48 34 Michigan ......: 12 13 11 10 11 10 : Minnesota .....: 125 95 85 110 80 70 Montana .......: 860 870 760 740 720 620 Nevada 2/ .....: 3 (NA) (NA) 1 (NA) (NA) New Jersey 2/ .: 3 (NA) (NA) 2 (NA) (NA) New York ......: 13 12 12 9 10 10 North Carolina : 21 23 20 14 19 15 North Dakota ..: 1,650 1,210 720 1,540 1,130 675 Ohio 2/ .......: 6 (NA) (NA) 5 (NA) (NA) Oregon ........: 57 40 45 42 32 40 Pennsylvania ..: 60 60 60 55 45 45 : South Dakota ..: 63 48 35 43 22 11 Utah ..........: 40 40 39 27 30 27 Virginia ......: 63 67 75 36 43 48 Washington ....: 205 105 90 195 97 81 Wisconsin .....: 43 45 45 30 25 30 Wyoming .......: 90 80 75 75 64 63 : United States .: 4,246 3,567 2,872 3,779 3,113 2,471 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Includes area planted in preceding fall. 2/ Estimates discontinued in 2009. Barley Yield and Production - States and United States: 2008-2010 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2008 : 2009 : 2010 : 2008 : 2009 : 2010 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------- bushels ---------- -------- 1,000 bushels -------- : Arizona .......: 120.0 115.0 125.0 4,800 5,175 5,500 California ....: 55.0 54.0 58.0 3,300 2,970 4,350 Colorado ......: 120.0 135.0 133.0 8,640 10,395 8,379 Delaware ......: 80.0 70.0 64.0 1,760 1,820 1,152 Idaho .........: 86.0 95.0 93.0 49,880 48,450 43,710 Kansas ........: 37.0 51.0 43.0 370 459 301 Kentucky 1/ ...: 88.0 (NA) (NA) 616 (NA) (NA) Maine .........: 55.0 55.0 60.0 1,045 825 900 Maryland ......: 90.0 70.0 68.0 3,150 3,360 2,312 Michigan ......: 46.0 51.0 54.0 460 561 540 : Minnesota .....: 65.0 61.0 62.0 7,150 4,880 4,340 Montana .......: 51.0 57.0 63.0 37,740 41,040 39,060 Nevada 1/ .....: 100.0 (NA) (NA) 100 (NA) (NA) New Jersey 1/ .: 71.0 (NA) (NA) 142 (NA) (NA) New York ......: 52.0 53.0 55.0 468 530 550 North Carolina : 71.0 60.0 63.0 994 1,140 945 North Dakota ..: 56.0 70.0 65.0 86,240 79,100 43,875 Ohio 1/ .......: 72.0 (NA) (NA) 360 (NA) (NA) Oregon ........: 50.0 60.0 75.0 2,100 1,920 3,000 Pennsylvania ..: 75.0 75.0 75.0 4,125 3,375 3,375 : South Dakota ..: 41.0 54.0 40.0 1,763 1,188 440 Utah ..........: 85.0 85.0 90.0 2,295 2,550 2,430 Virginia ......: 85.0 74.0 67.0 3,060 3,182 3,216 Washington ....: 57.0 64.0 72.0 11,115 6,208 5,832 Wisconsin .....: 54.0 59.0 48.0 1,620 1,475 1,440 Wyoming .......: 92.0 105.0 99.0 6,900 6,720 6,237 : United States .: 63.6 73.0 73.6 240,193 227,323 181,884 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Estimates discontinued in 2009. All Wheat Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2008-2010 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted 1/ : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2008 : 2009 : 2010 : 2008 : 2009 : 2010 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Alabama .......: 240 220 150 200 180 115 Arizona .......: 159 132 89 155 129 85 Arkansas ......: 1,070 430 200 980 390 150 California ....: 840 795 775 545 500 465 Colorado ......: 2,190 2,630 2,478 1,936 2,479 2,377 Delaware ......: 80 70 50 79 67 45 Florida .......: 25 17 12 23 14 7 Georgia .......: 480 340 170 400 250 125 Idaho .........: 1,400 1,310 1,400 1,330 1,250 1,345 Illinois ......: 1,200 850 330 1,150 820 295 : Indiana .......: 580 470 250 560 450 230 Iowa ..........: 40 28 15 35 22 10 Kansas ........: 9,600 9,300 8,400 8,900 8,800 8,000 Kentucky ......: 580 510 390 460 390 250 Louisiana .....: 400 185 125 385 175 110 Maryland ......: 255 230 180 180 195 135 Michigan ......: 730 630 530 710 570 510 Minnesota .....: 1,925 1,655 1,665 1,870 1,595 1,610 Mississippi ...: 520 180 125 485 165 100 Missouri ......: 1,250 780 370 1,160 730 280 : Montana .......: 5,740 5,520 5,440 5,470 5,305 5,230 Nebraska ......: 1,750 1,700 1,600 1,670 1,600 1,490 Nevada ........: 21 20 23 11 13 12 New Jersey ....: 35 34 28 33 29 23 New Mexico ....: 430 450 470 140 140 290 New York ......: 130 115 110 122 105 100 North Carolina : 820 700 500 720 600 380 North Dakota ..: 9,230 8,680 8,530 8,640 8,415 8,400 Ohio ..........: 1,120 1,010 780 1,090 980 750 Oklahoma ......: 5,600 5,700 5,300 4,500 3,500 3,900 : Oregon ........: 960 890 960 945 877 947 Pennsylvania ..: 195 190 165 185 175 150 South Carolina : 220 165 145 205 150 130 South Dakota ..: 3,661 3,209 2,815 3,420 3,009 2,725 Tennessee .....: 620 430 260 520 340 180 Texas .........: 5,800 6,400 5,700 3,300 2,450 3,750 Utah ..........: 150 154 151 139 147 131 Virginia ......: 310 250 180 280 210 160 Washington ....: 2,290 2,290 2,330 2,255 2,225 2,285 West Virginia .: 11 9 7 8 5 5 Wisconsin .....: 373 335 240 357 315 230 Wyoming .......: 163 155 165 146 132 145 : United States .: 63,193 59,168 53,603 55,699 49,893 47,657 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Includes area planted in preceding fall. All Wheat Yield and Production - States and United States: 2008-2010 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2008 : 2009 : 2010 : 2008 : 2009 : 2010 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------- bushels ---------- --------- 1,000 bushels --------- : Alabama .......: 71.0 55.0 55.0 14,200 9,900 6,325 Arizona .......: 97.9 99.4 112.2 15,172 12,825 9,535 Arkansas ......: 57.0 44.0 54.0 55,860 17,160 8,100 California ....: 90.3 86.8 86.8 49,225 43,400 40,350 Colorado ......: 30.8 40.6 45.5 59,700 100,610 108,234 Delaware ......: 77.0 62.0 58.0 6,083 4,154 2,610 Florida .......: 55.0 43.0 40.0 1,265 602 280 Georgia .......: 56.0 42.0 40.0 22,400 10,500 5,000 Idaho .........: 73.8 79.3 80.4 98,170 99,130 108,105 Illinois ......: 64.0 56.0 56.0 73,600 45,920 16,520 : Indiana .......: 69.0 67.0 60.0 38,640 30,150 13,800 Iowa ..........: 48.0 45.0 46.0 1,680 990 460 Kansas ........: 40.0 42.0 45.0 356,000 369,600 360,000 Kentucky ......: 71.0 57.0 66.0 32,660 22,230 16,500 Louisiana .....: 57.0 56.0 50.0 21,945 9,800 5,500 Maryland ......: 73.0 60.0 60.0 13,140 11,700 8,100 Michigan ......: 69.0 69.0 70.0 48,990 39,330 35,700 Minnesota .....: 55.9 52.8 54.7 104,440 84,175 88,070 Mississippi ...: 62.0 50.0 47.0 30,070 8,250 4,700 Missouri ......: 48.0 47.0 45.0 55,680 34,310 12,600 : Montana .......: 30.1 33.3 41.4 164,730 176,625 216,650 Nebraska ......: 44.0 48.0 43.0 73,480 76,800 64,070 Nevada ........: 100.1 97.8 105.8 1,101 1,272 1,270 New Jersey ....: 61.0 51.0 49.0 2,013 1,479 1,127 New Mexico ....: 30.0 25.0 28.0 4,200 3,500 8,120 New York ......: 63.0 65.0 67.0 7,686 6,825 6,700 North Carolina : 60.0 49.0 37.0 43,200 29,400 14,060 North Dakota ..: 36.0 44.8 44.6 311,200 377,190 374,560 Ohio ..........: 68.0 72.0 61.0 74,120 70,560 45,750 Oklahoma ......: 37.0 22.0 31.0 166,500 77,000 120,900 : Oregon ........: 55.7 55.7 67.3 52,600 48,858 63,723 Pennsylvania ..: 64.0 56.0 59.0 11,840 9,800 8,850 South Carolina : 54.0 47.0 36.0 11,070 7,050 4,680 South Dakota ..: 50.5 42.9 45.3 172,540 129,147 123,475 Tennessee .....: 63.0 51.0 53.0 32,760 17,340 9,540 Texas .........: 30.0 25.0 34.0 99,000 61,250 127,500 Utah ..........: 41.4 49.5 48.7 5,756 7,278 6,379 Virginia ......: 71.0 58.0 51.0 19,880 12,180 8,160 Washington ....: 52.7 55.3 64.7 118,790 123,085 147,890 West Virginia .: 60.0 50.0 54.0 480 250 270 Wisconsin .....: 64.5 68.0 64.0 23,012 21,420 14,720 Wyoming .......: 29.4 38.0 32.0 4,286 5,016 4,640 : United States .: 44.9 44.5 46.7 2,499,164 2,218,061 2,223,523 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Winter Wheat Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2008-2010 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted 1/ : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2008 : 2009 : 2010 : 2008 : 2009 : 2010 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Alabama .......: 240 220 150 200 180 115 Arizona .......: 9 7 9 6 5 6 Arkansas ......: 1,070 430 200 980 390 150 California ....: 680 615 660 400 330 360 Colorado ......: 2,150 2,600 2,450 1,900 2,450 2,350 Delaware ......: 80 70 50 79 67 45 Florida .......: 25 17 12 23 14 7 Georgia .......: 480 340 170 400 250 125 Idaho .........: 850 740 750 800 700 710 Illinois ......: 1,200 850 330 1,150 820 295 : Indiana .......: 580 470 250 560 450 230 Iowa ..........: 40 28 15 35 22 10 Kansas ........: 9,600 9,300 8,400 8,900 8,800 8,000 Kentucky ......: 580 510 390 460 390 250 Louisiana .....: 400 185 125 385 175 110 Maryland ......: 255 230 180 180 195 135 Michigan ......: 730 630 530 710 570 510 Minnesota .....: 75 55 65 70 45 60 Mississippi ...: 520 180 125 485 165 100 Missouri ......: 1,250 780 370 1,160 730 280 : Montana .......: 2,600 2,550 2,050 2,420 2,420 1,950 Nebraska ......: 1,750 1,700 1,600 1,670 1,600 1,490 Nevada ........: 12 16 19 7 11 10 New Jersey ....: 35 34 28 33 29 23 New Mexico ....: 430 450 470 140 140 290 New York ......: 130 115 110 122 105 100 North Carolina : 820 700 500 720 600 380 North Dakota ..: 630 580 330 550 545 320 Ohio ..........: 1,120 1,010 780 1,090 980 750 Oklahoma ......: 5,600 5,700 5,300 4,500 3,500 3,900 : Oregon ........: 780 760 820 775 750 810 Pennsylvania ..: 195 190 165 185 175 150 South Carolina : 220 165 145 205 150 130 South Dakota ..: 2,050 1,700 1,350 1,890 1,530 1,300 Tennessee .....: 620 430 260 520 340 180 Texas .........: 5,800 6,400 5,700 3,300 2,450 3,750 Utah ..........: 130 140 135 120 135 118 Virginia ......: 310 250 180 280 210 160 Washington ....: 1,750 1,700 1,750 1,720 1,640 1,710 West Virginia .: 11 9 7 8 5 5 Wisconsin .....: 350 335 240 335 315 230 Wyoming .......: 150 155 165 135 132 145 : United States .: 46,307 43,346 37,335 39,608 34,510 31,749 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Includes area planted in preceding fall. Winter Wheat Yield and Production - States and United States: 2008-2010 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2008 : 2009 : 2010 : 2008 : 2009 : 2010 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------- bushels ---------- --------- 1,000 bushels --------- : Alabama .......: 71.0 55.0 55.0 14,200 9,900 6,325 Arizona .......: 95.0 85.0 75.0 570 425 450 Arkansas ......: 57.0 44.0 54.0 55,860 17,160 8,100 California ....: 85.0 80.0 80.0 34,000 26,400 28,800 Colorado ......: 30.0 40.0 45.0 57,000 98,000 105,750 Delaware ......: 77.0 62.0 58.0 6,083 4,154 2,610 Florida .......: 55.0 43.0 40.0 1,265 602 280 Georgia .......: 56.0 42.0 40.0 22,400 10,500 5,000 Idaho .........: 75.0 81.0 82.0 60,000 56,700 58,220 Illinois ......: 64.0 56.0 56.0 73,600 45,920 16,520 : Indiana .......: 69.0 67.0 60.0 38,640 30,150 13,800 Iowa ..........: 48.0 45.0 46.0 1,680 990 460 Kansas ........: 40.0 42.0 45.0 356,000 369,600 360,000 Kentucky ......: 71.0 57.0 66.0 32,660 22,230 16,500 Louisiana .....: 57.0 56.0 50.0 21,945 9,800 5,500 Maryland ......: 73.0 60.0 60.0 13,140 11,700 8,100 Michigan ......: 69.0 69.0 70.0 48,990 39,330 35,700 Minnesota .....: 52.0 45.0 47.0 3,640 2,025 2,820 Mississippi ...: 62.0 50.0 47.0 30,070 8,250 4,700 Missouri ......: 48.0 47.0 45.0 55,680 34,310 12,600 : Montana .......: 39.0 37.0 48.0 94,380 89,540 93,600 Nebraska ......: 44.0 48.0 43.0 73,480 76,800 64,070 Nevada ........: 103.0 102.0 109.0 721 1,122 1,090 New Jersey ....: 61.0 51.0 49.0 2,013 1,479 1,127 New Mexico ....: 30.0 25.0 28.0 4,200 3,500 8,120 New York ......: 63.0 65.0 67.0 7,686 6,825 6,700 North Carolina : 60.0 49.0 37.0 43,200 29,400 14,060 North Dakota ..: 41.0 48.0 55.0 22,550 26,160 17,600 Ohio ..........: 68.0 72.0 61.0 74,120 70,560 45,750 Oklahoma ......: 37.0 22.0 31.0 166,500 77,000 120,900 : Oregon ........: 58.0 56.0 67.0 44,950 42,000 54,270 Pennsylvania ..: 64.0 56.0 59.0 11,840 9,800 8,850 South Carolina : 54.0 47.0 36.0 11,070 7,050 4,680 South Dakota ..: 55.0 42.0 49.0 103,950 64,260 63,700 Tennessee .....: 63.0 51.0 53.0 32,760 17,340 9,540 Texas .........: 30.0 25.0 34.0 99,000 61,250 127,500 Utah ..........: 41.0 50.0 48.0 4,920 6,750 5,664 Virginia ......: 71.0 58.0 51.0 19,880 12,180 8,160 Washington ....: 56.0 59.0 69.0 96,320 96,760 117,990 West Virginia .: 60.0 50.0 54.0 480 250 270 Wisconsin .....: 66.0 68.0 64.0 22,110 21,420 14,720 Wyoming .......: 28.0 38.0 32.0 3,780 5,016 4,640 : United States .: 47.1 44.2 46.8 1,867,333 1,524,608 1,485,236 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Spring Wheat Area Planted, Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2008-2010 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2008 : 2009 : 2010 : 2008 : 2009 : 2010 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Colorado .....: 40 30 28 36 29 27 Idaho ........: 540 550 630 520 530 615 Minnesota ....: 1,850 1,600 1,600 1,800 1,550 1,550 Montana ......: 2,550 2,400 2,850 2,480 2,350 2,750 Nevada .......: 9 4 4 4 2 2 North Dakota .: 6,800 6,450 6,400 6,400 6,300 6,300 Oregon .......: 180 130 140 170 127 137 South Dakota .: 1,600 1,500 1,450 1,520 1,470 1,410 Utah .........: 20 14 16 19 12 13 Washington ...: 540 590 580 535 585 575 Wisconsin 1/ .: 23 (NA) (NA) 22 (NA) (NA) Wyoming 1/ ...: 13 (NA) (NA) 11 (NA) (NA) : United States : 14,165 13,268 13,698 13,517 12,955 13,379 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2008 : 2009 : 2010 : 2008 : 2009 : 2010 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------- bushels ---------- -------- 1,000 bushels -------- : Colorado .....: 75.0 90.0 92.0 2,700 2,610 2,484 Idaho ........: 72.0 77.0 79.0 37,440 40,810 48,585 Minnesota ....: 56.0 53.0 55.0 100,800 82,150 85,250 Montana ......: 24.0 30.0 38.0 59,520 70,500 104,500 Nevada .......: 95.0 75.0 90.0 380 150 180 North Dakota .: 38.5 46.0 45.5 246,400 289,800 286,650 Oregon .......: 45.0 54.0 69.0 7,650 6,858 9,453 South Dakota .: 45.0 44.0 42.0 68,400 64,680 59,220 Utah .........: 44.0 44.0 55.0 836 528 715 Washington ...: 42.0 45.0 52.0 22,470 26,325 29,900 Wisconsin 1/ .: 41.0 (NA) (NA) 902 (NA) (NA) Wyoming 1/ ...: 46.0 (NA) (NA) 506 (NA) (NA) : United States : 40.5 45.1 46.9 548,004 584,411 626,937 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Estimates discontinued in 2009. Durum Wheat Area Planted, Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2008-2010 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2008 : 2009 : 2010 : 2008 : 2009 : 2010 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Arizona ......: 150 125 80 149 124 79 California ...: 160 180 115 145 170 105 Idaho ........: 10 20 20 10 20 20 Montana ......: 590 570 540 570 535 530 North Dakota .: 1,800 1,650 1,800 1,690 1,570 1,780 South Dakota .: 11 9 15 10 9 15 : United States : 2,721 2,554 2,570 2,574 2,428 2,529 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2008 : 2009 : 2010 : 2008 : 2009 : 2010 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------- bushels ---------- -------- 1,000 bushels -------- : Arizona ......: 98.0 100.0 115.0 14,602 12,400 9,085 California ...: 105.0 100.0 110.0 15,225 17,000 11,550 Idaho ........: 73.0 81.0 65.0 730 1,620 1,300 Montana ......: 19.0 31.0 35.0 10,830 16,585 18,550 North Dakota .: 25.0 39.0 39.5 42,250 61,230 70,310 South Dakota .: 19.0 23.0 37.0 190 207 555 : United States : 32.6 44.9 44.0 83,827 109,042 111,350 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Wheat Production by Class - United States: 2008-2010 [Wheat class estimates are based on the latest available data including both surveys and administrative data] --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : Crop : 2008 : 2009 : 2010 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 bushels : Winter : Hard red ......: 1,034,694 919,939 1,018,337 Soft red ......: 613,578 403,984 237,804 Hard white ....: 22,702 18,248 13,496 Soft white ....: 196,360 182,437 215,599 : Spring : Hard red ......: 512,138 547,933 580,555 Hard white ....: 6,340 7,865 9,355 Soft white ....: 29,525 28,613 37,027 Durum .........: 83,827 109,042 111,350 : Total ...... : 2,499,164 2,218,061 2,223,523 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Wheat Class Percentage Estimates The following percentages are the basis for the United States wheat production by class estimates each year. These estimates are based on the latest varietal or class survey data available. These end-of-season percentages will be used during the 2011 forecast season. However, if an unusual situation significantly distorts a State's usual distribution, then updated percentages will be used to forecast the production by class. (Note: The Idaho, Oregon, and Washington percentages are based on their estimates of production by class). Winter Wheat Production Distribution by Class - States: 2009 and 2010 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : Hard red : Soft red : Hard white : Soft white : All white :----------------------------------------------------------------------- :2009 : 2010 : 2009 : 2010 : 2009 : 2010 : 2009 : 2010 : 2009 :2010 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : Alabama .......: 1 1 99 99 - - - - - - Arizona .......: 85 80 - - 5 15 10 5 15 20 Arkansas ......: - - 100 100 - - - - - - California ....: 77 85 - - 10 10 13 5 23 15 Colorado ......: 93 98 - - 7 2 - - 7 2 Delaware ......: - - 100 100 - - - - - - Florida .......: - - 100 100 - - - - - - Georgia .......: - - 100 100 - - - - - - Idaho .........: 28 24 - - 1 1 71 75 72 76 Illinois ......: 5 - 95 100 - - - - - - : Indiana .......: - - 100 100 - - - - - - Iowa ..........: 57 64 43 36 - - - - - - Kansas ........: 98 98 - - 2 2 - - 2 2 Kentucky ......: - - 100 100 - - - - - - Louisiana .....: - - 100 100 - - - - - - Maryland ......: - - 100 100 - - - - - - Michigan ......: - - 61 61 - - 39 39 39 39 Minnesota .....: 100 100 - - - - - - - - Mississippi ...: - - 100 100 - - - - - - Missouri ......: 3 3 97 97 - - - - - - : Montana .......: 100 100 - - - - - - - - Nebraska ......: 99 99 - - 1 1 - - 1 1 Nevada ........: - - - - - 1 100 99 100 100 New Jersey ....: 1 - 99 100 - - - - - - New Mexico ....: 100 100 - - - - - - - - New York ......: 4 3 65 71 - - 31 26 31 26 North Carolina : - - 100 100 - - - - - - North Dakota ..: 100 100 - - - - - - - - Ohio ..........: - - 100 100 - - - - - - Oklahoma ......: 99 99 1 1 - - - - - - : Oregon ........: 3 4 - - - - 97 96 97 96 Pennsylvania ..: - 1 100 99 - - - - - - South Carolina : - - 100 100 - - - - - - South Dakota ..: 100 100 - - - - - - - - Tennessee .....: - - 100 100 - - - - - - Texas .........: 93 97 7 3 - - - - - - Utah ..........: 77 79 - - - - 23 21 23 21 Virginia ......: - - 100 100 - - - - - - Washington ....: 20 15 - - - - 80 85 80 85 West Virginia .: - 1 100 99 - - - - - - Wisconsin .....: 1 3 97 96 - - 2 1 2 1 Wyoming .......: 100 100 - - - - - - - - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. Other Spring Wheat (excluding Durum) Production Distribution by Class - States: 2009 and 2010 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Hard red : Hard white : Soft white : All white State :----------------------------------------------------------------- : 2009 : 2010 : 2009 : 2010 : 2009 : 2010 : 2009 : 2010 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : Colorado ....: 51 46 31 39 18 15 49 54 Idaho .......: 58 50 16 16 26 34 42 50 Minnesota ...: 100 100 - - - - - - Montana .....: 100 100 - - - - - - Nevada ......: 4 - - - 96 100 96 100 North Dakota : 100 100 - - - - - - Oregon ......: 37 46 - - 63 54 63 54 South Dakota : 100 100 - - - - - - Utah ........: 68 70 - 2 32 28 32 30 Washington ..: 49 49 2 2 49 49 51 51 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. Winter Wheat Head Population The National Agricultural Statistics Service conducted objective yield surveys in 10 winter wheat estimating States during 2010. Randomly selected plots in winter wheat fields were visited monthly from May through harvest to obtain specific counts and measurements. Data in this table are actual field counts from this survey. Winter Wheat Heads per Square Foot - Selected States: 2006-2010 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : 2006 : 2007 : 2008 : 2009 : 2010 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : number : Colorado : July .............: 34.6 41.3 37.8 44.0 47.3 August ...........: 34.5 41.5 38.8 44.1 48.6 Final ............: 34.5 41.5 38.8 43.9 48.6 : Illinois : July .............: 62.4 52.3 63.9 58.1 44.5 August ...........: 62.5 52.3 63.2 58.4 44.5 Final ............: 62.5 52.3 63.2 58.4 44.5 : Kansas : July .............: 39.9 43.5 44.7 45.5 44.6 August ...........: 39.9 43.6 44.7 45.5 44.6 Final ............: 39.9 43.6 44.7 45.5 44.6 : Missouri : July .............: 48.2 53.1 61.5 49.7 39.8 August ...........: 48.2 53.1 53.2 49.7 39.2 Final ............: 48.2 53.1 53.2 49.7 39.2 : Montana : July .............: 42.1 38.5 38.6 37.1 44.7 August ...........: 42.9 38.1 39.4 35.8 44.7 Final ............: 42.9 38.1 39.4 36.0 45.0 : Nebraska : July .............: 50.8 49.5 44.9 51.5 47.1 August ...........: 51.2 49.2 47.6 50.8 48.1 Final ............: 51.2 49.2 47.6 50.8 48.1 : Ohio : July .............: 53.5 52.4 58.4 57.8 62.1 August ...........: 53.7 52.4 61.0 58.2 62.1 Final ............: 53.7 52.4 61.0 58.2 62.1 : Oklahoma : July .............: 31.7 42.8 41.8 38.7 36.5 August ...........: 31.7 42.8 41.8 38.7 36.5 Final ............: 31.7 42.8 41.8 38.7 36.5 : Texas : July .............: 29.1 38.5 30.6 35.2 35.9 August ...........: 29.1 38.5 31.0 35.2 35.9 Final ............: 29.1 38.5 31.5 35.1 35.9 : Washington : July .............: 38.5 38.9 38.4 36.0 40.2 August ...........: 37.9 38.1 36.6 35.6 39.2 Final ............: 37.9 38.1 36.6 35.4 39.2 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. Rye Area Planted, Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2008-2010 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted 1/ : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------- : 2008 : 2009 : 2010 : 2008 : 2009 : 2010 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Georgia ......: 200 200 190 40 25 40 Oklahoma .....: 280 270 250 55 40 60 : Other States 2: 780 771 771 174 187 165 : United States : 1,260 1,241 1,211 269 252 265 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------- : 2008 : 2009 : 2010 : 2008 : 2009 : 2010 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : --------- bushels -------- ------ 1,000 bushels ------ : Georgia ......: 30.0 21.0 24.0 1,200 525 960 Oklahoma .....: 19.0 14.0 25.0 1,045 560 1,500 : Other States 2: 33.0 31.6 30.1 5,734 5,908 4,971 : United States : 29.7 27.8 28.0 7,979 6,993 7,431 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Includes area planted in preceding fall. 2/ Other States include Illinois, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Texas, and Wisconsin. Small Grain Annual Summary Area Planted, Harvested, Yield, and Production - United States: 2008-2010 (Domestic Units) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted Crop :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2008 : 2009 : 2010 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Barley .............: 4,246 3,567 2,872 Oats ...............: 3,247 3,404 3,138 Rye ................: 1,260 1,241 1,211 Wheat, all .........: 63,193 59,168 53,603 Winter ............: 46,307 43,346 37,335 Durum .............: 2,721 2,554 2,570 Other spring ......: 14,165 13,268 13,698 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested Crop :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2008 : 2009 : 2010 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Barley .............: 3,779 3,113 2,471 Oats ...............: 1,400 1,379 1,268 Rye ................: 269 252 265 Wheat, all .........: 55,699 49,893 47,657 Winter ............: 39,608 34,510 31,749 Durum .............: 2,574 2,428 2,529 Other spring ......: 13,517 12,955 13,379 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield Crop :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2008 : 2009 : 2010 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : bushels : Barley .............: 63.6 73.0 73.6 Oats ...............: 63.7 67.5 64.6 Rye ................: 29.7 27.8 28.0 Wheat, all .........: 44.9 44.5 46.7 Winter ............: 47.1 44.2 46.8 Durum .............: 32.6 44.9 44.0 Other spring ......: 40.5 45.1 46.9 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Production Crop :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2008 : 2009 : 2010 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 bushels : Barley .............: 240,193 227,323 181,884 Oats ...............: 89,135 93,081 81,855 Rye ................: 7,979 6,993 7,431 Wheat, all .........: 2,499,164 2,218,061 2,223,523 Winter ............: 1,867,333 1,524,608 1,485,236 Durum .............: 83,827 109,042 111,350 Other spring ......: 548,004 584,411 626,937 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Small Grain Annual Summary Area Planted, Harvested, Yield, and Production - United States: 2008-2010 (Metric Units) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted Crop :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2008 : 2009 : 2010 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : hectares : Barley .............: 1,718,310 1,443,530 1,162,270 Oats ...............: 1,314,030 1,377,560 1,269,920 Rye ................: 509,910 502,220 490,080 Wheat, all .........: 25,573,580 23,944,700 21,692,600 Winter ............: 18,739,980 17,541,690 15,109,100 Durum .............: 1,101,160 1,033,580 1,040,050 Other spring ......: 5,732,430 5,369,430 5,543,440 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested Crop :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2008 : 2009 : 2010 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : hectares : Barley .............: 1,529,320 1,259,800 999,990 Oats ...............: 566,570 558,070 513,150 Rye ................: 108,860 101,980 107,240 Wheat, all .........: 22,540,830 20,191,200 19,286,310 Winter ............: 16,028,960 13,965,850 12,848,500 Durum .............: 1,041,670 982,590 1,023,460 Other spring ......: 5,470,190 5,242,760 5,414,350 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield Crop :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2008 : 2009 : 2010 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : metric tons : Barley .............: 2.28 2.62 2.64 Oats ...............: 4.28 4.54 4.34 Rye ................: 1.99 1.87 1.89 Wheat, all .........: 3.02 2.99 3.14 Winter ............: 2.96 2.77 2.94 Durum .............: 2.19 3.02 2.96 Other spring ......: 2.73 3.03 3.15 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Production Crop :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2008 : 2009 : 2010 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : metric tons : Barley .............: 3,486,390 3,299,580 2,640,040 Oats ...............: 2,425,860 2,533,250 2,227,730 Rye ................: 217,150 190,320 202,240 Wheat, all 1/ ......: 68,016,100 60,365,730 60,514,380 Winter ............: 50,820,480 41,493,030 40,421,500 Durum .............: 2,281,400 2,967,640 3,030,450 Other spring ......: 14,914,220 15,905,060 17,062,430 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ All wheat may not add due to rounding. Crop Comments Oats: The 2010 production is estimated at 81.9 million bushels, down 12 percent from last year and is a record low production. Yield is estimated at 64.6 bushels per acre, down 2.9 bushels from the previous year. Area planted to oats is estimated at a record low 3.14 million acres, down 8 percent from 2009. The largest decline occurred in North Dakota, where planted area decreased 70,000 acres from last year and is a record low for that State. In total, record lows for planted acres were set in 12 States. Harvested area is estimated at a record low 1.27 million acres, 8 percent below last year. The largest decline occurred in North Dakota, where area harvested for grain decreased 55,000 acres from last year and is also a record low for that State. Record lows for harvested area occurred in 11 States. In California, Missouri, New York, North Carolina, Virginia, and Wisconsin, excessively wet weather hindered the crop, with the average yield in these States declining 10 bushels from last year. In Oregon, favorable growing conditions led to a 10 bushel increase in yield from last year and ties a record high yield for that State. Yield increases of 5 bushels per acre occurred in Michigan, Montana, and Texas. During early spring, planting of the oat crop was ahead of the normal pace. By April 25, growers had planted 75 percent of the acreage, 15 points ahead of normal. During April, emergence also was ahead of the normal pace. By April 25, emergence was 49 percent complete, 13 points ahead of the 5-year average. As of May 30, planting was complete, with the crop 93 percent emerged, 1 point behind the normal pace. Through June, crop development was ahead of normal in most major oat-producing States. As of June 27, seventy-four percent of the oat acreage was headed, 3 points ahead of the 5-year average. However, North Dakota, the third largest oat-producing State, lagged 15 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By August 1, forty-seven percent of the oat acreage was harvested, 3 points ahead of the normal pace. Also at this time, harvest in Texas was nearly complete at 97 percent with Ohio following closely behind at 96 percent. In North Dakota, harvest had just begun at 4 percent, and was 13 points behind normal. By August 29, harvest was 96 percent complete in the 9 major producing States, 2 points ahead of the 5-year average. Barley: Production is estimated at 182 million bushels, down 1 percent from the August 1 forecast and 20 percent below 2009. Average yield per acre, at 73.6 bushels, is up 1.3 bushels from August and 0.6 bushel from last year and is the highest yield on record since estimates began in 1866. Producers seeded 2.87 million acres in 2010, down 19 percent from last year. This is the lowest planted acreage on record. Harvested area, at 2.47 million acres, is down 3 percent from the August 1 forecast and down 21 percent from 2009, and the lowest level since 1882. Barley seedings decreased in Idaho, Montana, and North Dakota, the three largest barley-producing States. Producers in North Dakota seeded 720,000 acres and harvested 675,000 acres, both down 40 percent from the previous year. Seeded area in North Dakota establishes a record low for the State, while harvested area is the lowest since 1936. In addition, Michigan, Minnesota, and South Dakota producers set new record lows for seeded acreage. A record low for harvested area was set in South Dakota and tied in Michigan. Conversely, record high yields were set in Arizona, Montana, and Utah. Barley seeding was well underway across much of the major producing regions by April 18, when 18 percent of the Nation's crop was in the ground. Above average temperatures and mostly dry weather during February and March promoted an early start to seeding in Washington, while cool, wet conditions and late-spring snow hampered fieldwork in Idaho. By May 30, ninety-six percent of the 2010 crop had been seeded, with overall progress at or ahead of normal in all five of the major estimating States except Montana. By June 13, emergence was complete or nearly complete in the five major estimating States. Although mostly warm temperatures in early July promoted rapid head development across much of the major barley-producing areas, overall progress in Idaho, Montana, and North Dakota remained behind normal following slow crop development earlier in the growing season. Harvest was underway in most States by the end of July, and had advanced to 91 percent complete by September 26, behind both last year and the 5-year average. As harvest surpassed the halfway point during the week ending August 22, eighty-four percent of the barley crop was reported in good to excellent condition, compared with 80 percent from the same time last year. Winter Wheat: The 2010 winter wheat production totaled 1.49 billion bushels, down 3 percent from the August forecast and 3 percent below last year. The United States yield is 46.8 bushels per acre, up 2.6 bushels from the previous year and the fourth highest on record. Area harvested for grain is estimated at 31.7 million acres, down 1 percent from the last forecast and down 8 percent from the previous year. Planted acres were down from 2009 in many of the major Hard Red Winter growing States. While harvested acres were down from last year in most of the major growing States, ideal weather conditions in Oklahoma and Texas resulted in an increase of 1.70 million harvested acres from 2009 in those two States. Record high yields occurred in Colorado, Montana, Nevada, and North Dakota. Overall, Hard Red Winter production totaled 1.02 billion bushels, up 11 percent from 2009. Planted and harvested acres decreased from a year ago across all of the Soft Red Winter growing area due to the late row crop harvest and wet weather during seeding. Illinois, Indiana, Missouri, and Ohio set record lows for planted acres. Production was down from last year in all of the Soft Red Winter growing States. Production was down 50 percent or more from 2009 in Arkansas, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Missouri, and North Carolina. Overall, Soft Red Winter production totaled 238 million bushels, down 41 percent from last year. White winter production totaled 229 million bushels, up 14 percent from last year. Planted and harvested acreage in the Pacific Northwest States (Idaho, Oregon, and Washington) was above last year's levels. Yields were also up from last year in all three States. Other Spring Wheat: Production for 2010 is estimated at 627 million bushels, up 7 percent from 2009 and the third highest total on record. Harvested area is 13.4 million acres, up 3 percent from last year. The United States yield is a record high 46.9 bushels per acre, 1.8 bushels higher than last year which was the previous record. Yields are above last year's level in all States except North Dakota and South Dakota. Average yield in North Dakota, the largest spring wheat-producing State, declined 0.5 bushel from 2009 to 45.5 bushels per acre. Record high yields were set in Colorado, Montana, and Oregon. Planting got off to a good start in many of the major spring wheat-producing States. Progress of the crop was ahead of last year, but lagged behind the 5- year average due to cooler temperatures. The growing season was marked by below normal temperatures and adequate moisture. Crop maturation continued behind normal throughout the growing season. As a result, harvest progress lagged behind the normal in most States in the growing area. Harvest progress was at normal or ahead in South Dakota and Minnesota. As of September 26, harvest was complete in Minnesota, South Dakota, and Washington while Idaho, Montana, and North Dakota were trailing behind the 5-year average. Most notably, Montana was 33 points behind the 5-year average. Durum Wheat: Production for 2010 is estimated at 111 million bushels, up 2 percent from the August forecast and 2 percent higher than 2009. Grain area harvested is 2.53 million acres, down 2 percent from the August forecast but up 4 percent from the previous year. The United States yield is 44.0 bushels per acre, 0.9 bushel lower than the record yield set last year but still the second highest yield on record. Record yields occurred in all States except Idaho. North Dakota's yield of 39.5 bushels per acre is 0.5 bushel higher than the record set last year. As of September 26, harvest progress in Montana and North Dakota was behind normal, trailing the 5-year average by 35 and 16 points, respectively. Rye: Production for 2010 is estimated at 7.43 million bushels, up 6 percent from last year. Harvested area totaled 265,000 acres, up 13,000 acres from 2009. The United States yield, at 28.0 bushels per acre, is up slightly from last year. Improved growing conditions in Oklahoma resulted in increased harvested acres and yield over 2009. Statistical Methodology Survey procedures: Objective yield and farm operator surveys were conducted to gather information on small grain acreage, yield, and production. The objective yield survey was conducted in 10 States that accounted for over 71 percent of the 2010 winter wheat production. Early in the growing season, farm operators were interviewed to seek permission to randomly locate two sample plots in selected winter wheat fields. Throughout the growing season, counts such as number of stalks, heads in late boot, and number of emerged heads were collected from these plots. The plots were revisited each month until crop maturity when the heads were clipped, threshed, and weighed. After the farm operator harvested the sample field, enumerators revisited the sample to obtain harvesting loss. The farm operator survey was conducted primarily by telephone with some use of mail, internet, and personal interviewer. Approximately 66,000 producers were interviewed between August 30 and September 15 and asked questions pertaining to planted and harvested area as well as yield and production. Estimating Procedures: National and State level objective yield and grower reported data were reviewed for reasonableness and consistency with historical estimates. The survey data were also reviewed considering weather patterns and crop progress compared with previous years. Each Field Office submits an estimate and written analysis for their State to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the survey data, administrative data, and the State analysis to prepare the estimates published in this report. Revision Policy: Estimates contained in this report may be revised in the Crop Production Annual Summary report published in January should new information become available. Previous year acreage, yield, and production estimates can be revised in the Small Grain Summary published the following year, if new information is available that would justify a change. Estimates will also be reviewed after data for the 5-year Census of Agriculture are available. No revisions will be made after that date. Reliability: The surveys used to make the acreage, yield, and production estimates contained in this report are subject to sampling and non-sampling type errors that are common to all surveys. Reliability of the objective yield and farmer survey must be treated separately because the survey designs for the two surveys are different. The objective yield indications are subject to sampling variability because all acres of winter wheat are not included in the sample. The farm operator survey indications are also subject to sampling variability because all operations with small grains are not included in the sample. This variability, as measured by the relative standard error at the National level, is approximately 1.7 percent for winter wheat, 5.1 percent for Durum wheat, and 2.4 percent for other spring wheat. This means that chances are approximately 95 out of 100 that survey estimates for production will be within plus or minus 3.4 percent for winter wheat, 10.2 percent for Durum wheat, and 4.8 percent for other spring wheat of the value that could be developed by averaging the estimates produced from all possible samples selected from the same population and surveyed using the same procedures. The relative standard errors for barley, oats and rye are 2.5, 3.1, and 10.4 percent, respectively. Survey indications are also subject to non-sampling errors such as omission, duplication, imputation for missing data, and mistakes in reporting, recording, and processing the data. These errors cannot be measured directly, but they are minimized through rigid quality controls in the data collection process and a careful review of all reported data for consistency and reasonableness. Information Contacts Listed below are the commodity statisticians in the Crops Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to nass@nass.usda.gov Lance Honig, Chief, Crops Branch........................... (202) 720-2127 Jacqueline Moore, Head, Field Crops Section................ (202) 720-2127 Suzanne Avilla - Peanuts, Rice........................ (202) 720-7688 Shiela Corley - Cotton, Cotton Ginnings, Sorghum...... (202) 720-5944 Bryan Durham - Hay, Oats.............................. (202) 690-3234 Anthony Prillaman - Corn, Proso Millet, Flaxseed...... (202) 720-9526 Nick Schauer - Wheat, Rye............................. (202) 720-8068 Julie Schmidt - Crop Weather, Barley, Sugar Crops..... (202) 720-7621 Travis Thorson - Soybeans, Sunflower, Other Oilseeds.. 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