HDR1012000130030517961500CATTLE HDR2012000130030517961500CATTLE PREDATOR LOSS Released May 17, 1996, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, U.S. Department of Agriculture. For information on "Cattle Predator Loss" call Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry Branch at (202) 720-6146, office hours 8:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. ET. For assistance with general agricultural statistics, information about NASS, its products or services, contact the NASS Information Hotline at 1-800-727-9540 or E-mail: NASS@NASS.USDA.GOV. 1995 Cattle and Calf Death Losses Valued at $1.8 Billion A total of 4.38 million head of cattle and calves died from all causes during 1995 in the United States. This estimate excludes Alaska. Predators accounted for 117,400 head or 2.7 percent, while other causes made up the remainder. These total losses cost ranchers and farmers a total of $1.80 billion with predator losses at $39.6 million and other losses at $1.76 billion. Coyotes were the largest cause of cattle and calf predator losses at 69,350 head or 59 percent of the total loss to predators. The value of coyote losses was $21.8 million. Dogs were the second leading cause of predator losses, accounting for 19 percent of predator losses. The western and mountain region accounted for 67 percent of all predator losses. Respiratory problems led the other causes with 28 percent of the total deaths. The value of these losses was $478 million. The second leading other cause of deaths in cattle and calves was digestive problems with 20 percent of the total. The value of these losses was $316 million. This report is released as a cooperative effort between the National Agricultural Statistics Service, and APHIS - Animal Damage Control and APHIS - National Animal Health Monitoring System. Mt An 2 (5-96) Losses of Cattle and Calves from All Causes, Number of Head and Total Value, United States, 1995 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Number of : Percent : Total Cause : Head : Total Deaths : Value -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Head Percent 1,000 Dollars : Coyotes : 69,350 1.6 21,798 Dogs : 21,800 .5 6,952 Mountain Lions & Bobcats : 8,050 .2 2,780 Bears : 1,800 .0 813 Wolves : 2,500 .1 891 Other Predators : 13,900 .3 6,328 : Total Predators : 117,400 2.7 39,562 : Digestive Problems : 863,200 19.7 316,457 Respiratory Problems : 1,203,350 27.5 478,158 Calving Problems : 646,925 14.8 270,148 Weather : 417,000 9.5 169,073 Poison : 49,300 1.1 24,566 Theft : 19,700 .4 8,285 Other Causes : 399,150 9.1 204,055 Unknown Causes : 664,375 15.2 291,097 : Total Non-Predator : Causes : 4,263,000 97.3 1,761,839 : Total Losses : 4,380,400 100.0 1,801,402 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Totals may not add due to rounding. Losses of Cattle by Predators, Other Causes and Total, by State and United States, 1995 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Total : Predators : Other Causes :--------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : Percent of : : Percent of : Cattle : Cattle :Total Deaths : Cattle :Total Deaths -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -------- Head ------- Percent Head Percent : AL : 27,000 400 1.5 26,600 98.5 AZ : 30,000 900 3.0 29,100 97.0 AR : 30,000 400 1.3 29,600 98.7 CA : 90,000 1,500 1.7 88,500 98.3 CO : 45,000 400 .9 44,600 99.1 CT : 1,000 1,000 100.0 DE : 1,000 1,000 100.0 FL : 30,000 600 2.0 29,400 98.0 GA : 25,000 300 1.2 24,700 98.8 HI : 4,000 100 2.5 3,900 97.5 ID : 26,000 300 1.2 25,700 98.8 IL : 25,000 100 .4 24,900 99.6 IN : 15,000 200 1.3 14,800 98.7 IA : 58,000 400 .7 57,600 99.3 KS : 92,000 500 .5 91,500 99.5 KY : 45,000 500 1.1 44,500 98.9 LA : 15,000 200 1.3 14,800 98.7 ME : 2,000 2,000 100.0 MD : 5,000 75 1.5 4,925 98.5 MA : 1,000 75 7.5 925 92.5 MI : 25,000 200 .8 24,800 99.2 MN : 60,000 600 1.0 59,400 99.0 MS : 35,000 600 1.7 34,400 98.3 MO : 65,000 700 1.1 64,300 98.9 MT : 23,000 500 2.2 22,500 97.8 NE : 80,000 500 .6 79,500 99.4 NV : 6,000 200 3.3 5,800 96.7 NH : 1,000 1,000 100.0 NJ : 1,000 1,000 100.0 NM : 22,000 600 2.7 21,400 97.3 NY : 30,000 200 .7 29,800 99.3 NC : 19,000 400 2.1 18,600 97.9 ND : 19,000 200 1.1 18,800 98.9 OH : 24,000 200 .8 23,800 99.2 OK : 95,000 2,100 2.2 92,900 97.8 OR : 28,000 300 1.1 27,700 98.9 PA : 29,000 200 .7 28,800 99.3 RI : 100 100 100.0 SC : 10,000 100 1.0 9,900 99.0 SD : 60,000 400 .7 59,600 99.3 TN : 40,000 500 1.3 39,500 98.8 TX : 240,000 4,000 1.7 236,000 98.3 UT : 14,000 200 1.4 13,800 98.6 VT : 5,000 75 1.5 4,925 98.5 VA : 24,000 400 1.7 23,600 98.3 WA : 22,000 200 .9 21,800 99.1 WV : 6,000 75 1.3 5,925 98.8 WI : 70,000 600 .9 69,400 99.1 WY : 15,000 200 1.3 14,800 98.7 : US : 1,635,100 21,200 1.3 1,613,900 98.7 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Missing predator loss data are included with other causes to avoid disclosure of individual operations. Losses of Calves by Predators, Other Causes and Total, by State and United States, 1995 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Total : Predators : Other Causes :--------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : Percent of : : Percent of : Calves : Calves :Total Deaths : Calves :Total Deaths -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -------- Head ------- Percent Head Percent : AL : 47,000 2,700 5.7 44,300 94.3 AZ : 30,000 3,300 11.0 26,700 89.0 AR : 45,000 1,700 3.8 43,300 96.2 CA : 135,000 4,100 3.0 130,900 97.0 CO : 60,000 3,500 5.8 56,500 94.2 CT : 1,000 1,000 100.0 DE : 1,000 1,000 100.0 FL : 44,000 1,100 2.5 42,900 97.5 GA : 34,000 1,400 4.1 32,600 95.9 HI : 4,000 200 5.0 3,800 95.0 ID : 52,000 1,300 2.5 50,700 97.5 IL : 45,000 1,700 3.8 43,300 96.2 IN : 31,000 700 2.3 30,300 97.7 IA : 115,000 1,000 .9 114,000 99.1 KS : 70,000 1,400 2.0 68,600 98.0 KY : 85,000 4,000 4.7 81,000 95.3 LA : 21,000 1,100 5.2 19,900 94.8 ME : 4,000 75 1.9 3,925 98.1 MD : 7,000 75 1.1 6,925 98.9 MA : 1,000 75 7.5 925 92.5 MI : 60,000 200 .3 59,800 99.7 MN : 115,000 1,500 1.3 113,500 98.7 MS : 42,000 1,800 4.3 40,200 95.7 MO : 140,000 1,900 1.4 138,100 98.6 MT : 57,000 1,800 3.2 55,200 96.8 NE : 100,000 1,500 1.5 98,500 98.5 NV : 12,000 1,300 10.8 10,700 89.2 NH : 1,000 1,000 100.0 NJ : 2,000 2,000 100.0 NM : 36,000 2,000 5.6 34,000 94.4 NY : 65,000 400 .6 64,600 99.4 NC : 30,000 800 2.7 29,200 97.3 ND : 58,000 1,300 2.2 56,700 97.8 OH : 52,000 500 1.0 51,500 99.0 OK : 150,000 8,500 5.7 141,500 94.3 OR : 50,000 4,400 8.8 45,600 91.2 PA : 52,000 500 1.0 51,500 99.0 RI : 300 300 100.0 SC : 15,000 700 4.7 14,300 95.3 SD : 165,000 2,400 1.5 162,600 98.5 TN : 80,000 3,800 4.8 76,200 95.3 TX : 270,000 25,000 9.3 245,000 90.7 UT : 26,000 1,000 3.8 25,000 96.2 VT : 10,000 75 .8 9,925 99.3 VA : 65,000 1,600 2.5 63,400 97.5 WA : 29,000 1,000 3.4 28,000 96.6 WV : 11,000 200 1.8 10,800 98.2 WI : 190,000 1,000 .5 189,000 99.5 WY : 30,000 1,600 5.3 28,400 94.7 : US : 2,745,300 96,200 3.5 2,649,100 96.5 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Missing predator loss data are included with other causes to avoid disclosure of individual operations. Losses of Cattle and Calves by Coyotes and Dogs, by State and United States, 1995 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Coyotes : Dogs :----------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : % of : : % of : : % of : : % of : Cattle : Total : Calves : Total : Cattle : Total : Calves : Total : : Pred. : : Pred. : : Pred. : : Pred. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Head Percent Head Percent Head Percent Head Percent : AL : 200 50.0 2,000 74.1 100 25.0 600 22.2 AZ : 400 44.4 1,500 45.5 100 11.1 200 6.1 AR : 100 25.0 500 29.4 100 25.0 1,000 58.8 CA : 500 33.3 1,900 46.3 200 13.3 700 17.1 CO : 100 25.0 3,000 85.7 100 2.9 CT : DE : FL : 200 33.3 400 36.4 100 16.7 400 36.4 GA : 100 33.3 800 57.1 100 33.3 500 35.7 HI : 100 100.0 200 100.0 ID : 100 33.3 800 61.5 100 7.7 IL : 900 52.9 400 23.5 IN : 100 50.0 600 85.7 IA : 100 25.0 800 80.0 KS : 200 40.0 600 42.9 100 20.0 400 28.6 KY : 300 60.0 2,800 70.0 100 20.0 800 20.0 LA : 900 81.8 100 9.1 ME : MD : MA : MI : MN : 100 16.7 700 46.7 100 16.7 100 6.7 MS : 300 50.0 1,300 72.2 100 16.7 300 16.7 MO : 200 28.6 1,100 57.9 300 42.9 600 31.6 MT : 1,100 61.1 200 11.1 NE : 200 40.0 1,200 80.0 100 20.0 100 6.7 NV : 1,100 84.6 100 7.7 NH : NJ : NM : 200 33.3 1,200 60.0 100 5.0 NY : 100 50.0 200 50.0 NC : 700 87.5 ND : 100 50.0 1,100 84.6 100 7.7 OH : 100 20.0 200 40.0 OK : 1,300 61.9 5,000 58.8 200 9.5 2,500 29.4 OR : 100 33.3 3,300 75.0 500 11.4 PA : 200 40.0 100 20.0 RI : SC : 600 85.7 SD : 200 50.0 2,000 83.3 100 25.0 200 8.3 TN : 200 40.0 1,600 42.1 200 40.0 1,600 42.1 TX : 1,500 37.5 19,000 76.0 500 12.5 3,500 14.0 UT : 100 50.0 600 60.0 VT : VA : 100 25.0 800 50.0 100 25.0 700 43.8 WA : 800 80.0 100 10.0 WV : 100 50.0 WI : 500 50.0 200 20.0 WY : 1,100 68.8 : US : 7,650 36.1 61,700 64.1 3,450 16.3 18,350 19.1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Missing data are less than 100 head for the State or not published to avoid disclosure of individual operations. Data not published are included in U.S. total. Totals may not add due to rounding. Losses of Cattle and Calves by Mountain Lions and Bobcats by Selected States and United States, 1995 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Mountain Lions and Bobcats :----------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : Percent of : : Percent of : Cattle : Total : Calves : Total : : Predators : : Predators -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Head Percent Head Percent : AZ : 300 33.3 1,500 45.5 CA : 300 20.0 1,200 29.3 CO : 200 5.7 ID : 100 7.7 KS : 100 7.1 MT : 200 40.0 100 5.6 NV : NM : 100 16.7 300 15.0 OK : 200 2.4 OR : 100 33.3 300 6.8 TX : 500 12.5 2,000 8.0 UT : 100 10.0 VA : WY : : US : 1,750 8.3 6,300 6.5 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Missing data are less than 100 head for the State or not published to avoid disclosure of individual operations. Data not published are included in U.S. total. Totals may not add due to rounding. Losses of Cattle and Calves by Other Predators by State and United States, 1995 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : All Other Predators :----------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : Percent of : : Percent of : Cattle : Total : Calves : Total : : Predators : : Predators -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Head Percent Head Percent : AL : 100 25.0 100 3.7 AZ : 100 11.1 100 3.0 AR : 200 50.0 200 11.8 CA : 500 33.3 300 7.3 CO : 200 50.0 200 5.7 CT : DE : FL : 300 50.0 300 27.3 GA : 100 33.3 100 7.1 HI : ID : 100 33.3 300 23.1 IL : 100 100.0 400 23.5 IN : IA : 300 75.0 200 20.0 KS : 200 40.0 300 21.4 KY : 100 20.0 400 10.0 LA : 100 50.0 100 9.1 ME : MD : MA : MI : 100 50.0 100 50.0 MN : 400 66.7 700 46.7 MS : 200 33.3 200 11.1 MO : 200 28.6 200 10.5 MT : 200 40.0 400 22.2 NE : 200 40.0 200 13.3 NV : NH : NJ : NM : 300 50.0 400 20.0 NY : 100 50.0 200 50.0 NC : 400 100.0 100 12.5 ND : 100 50.0 100 7.7 OH : 100 50.0 200 40.0 OK : 600 28.6 800 9.4 OR : 100 33.3 300 6.8 PA : 100 50.0 200 40.0 RI : SC : 100 14.3 SD : 100 25.0 200 8.3 TN : 100 20.0 600 15.8 TX : 1,500 37.5 500 2.0 UT : 300 30.0 VT : VA : 200 50.0 WA : 100 50.0 100 10.0 WV : WI : 500 83.3 300 30.0 WY : 350 21.9 : US : 8,350 39.4 9,850 10.2 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Missing data are less than 100 head for the State or not published to avoid disclosure of individual operations. Data not published are included in U.S. total. Totals may not add due to rounding. Losses of Cattle and Calves by Digestive and Respiratory Problems, by State and United States, 1995 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Digestive Problems : Respiratory Problems :----------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : % of : : % of : : % of : : % of : Cattle : Total : Calves : Total : Cattle : Total : Calves : Total : : Deaths : : Deaths : : Deaths : : Deaths -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Head Percent Head Percent Head Percent Head Percent : AL : 1,100 4.1 6,600 14.0 5,400 20.0 9,900 21.1 AZ : 3,300 11.0 7,000 23.3 4,500 15.0 9,000 30.0 AR : 2,500 8.3 6,700 14.9 3,200 10.7 13,500 30.0 CA : 18,700 20.8 41,000 30.4 23,600 26.2 55,600 41.2 CO : 5,900 13.1 10,800 18.0 12,800 28.4 14,900 24.8 CT : 100 10.0 300 30.0 200 20.0 300 30.0 DE : 100 10.0 400 40.0 200 20.0 FL : 1,300 4.3 9,100 20.7 2,000 6.7 11,500 26.1 GA : 3,200 12.8 7,100 20.9 2,800 11.2 6,500 19.1 HI : 300 7.5 400 10.0 300 7.5 400 10.0 ID : 4,600 17.7 17,600 33.8 6,600 25.4 12,700 24.4 IL : 2,400 9.6 11,000 24.4 7,000 28.0 11,700 26.0 IN : 1,400 9.3 7,800 25.2 3,300 22.0 10,300 33.2 IA : 8,700 15.0 26,800 23.3 21,500 37.1 37,400 32.5 KS : 12,500 13.6 13,700 19.6 48,800 53.0 28,100 40.1 KY : 3,400 7.6 16,100 18.9 4,600 10.2 19,800 23.3 LA : 1,300 8.7 4,200 20.0 2,800 18.7 5,700 27.1 ME : 500 25.0 1,000 25.0 400 20.0 1,000 25.0 MD : 400 8.0 2,400 34.3 700 14.0 2,000 28.6 MA : 200 20.0 300 30.0 200 20.0 300 30.0 MI : 3,500 14.0 23,600 39.3 7,100 28.4 17,800 29.7 MN : 7,800 13.0 46,300 40.3 16,900 28.2 37,900 33.0 MS : 3,500 10.0 7,200 17.1 3,700 10.6 12,900 30.7 MO : 3,100 4.8 27,500 19.6 8,300 12.8 37,400 26.7 MT : 2,600 11.3 10,000 17.5 3,600 15.7 8,600 15.1 NE : 16,700 20.9 25,600 25.6 33,900 42.4 25,200 25.2 NV : 900 15.0 3,100 25.8 1,500 25.0 3,400 28.3 NH : 300 30.0 200 20.0 300 30.0 NJ : 100 10.0 500 25.0 200 20.0 500 25.0 NM : 3,200 14.5 8,500 23.6 3,900 17.7 10,900 30.3 NY : 4,300 14.3 25,200 38.8 5,600 18.7 21,500 33.1 NC : 1,400 7.4 6,300 21.0 3,400 17.9 5,800 19.3 ND : 2,900 15.3 15,500 26.7 4,000 21.1 12,100 20.9 OH : 5,100 21.3 14,700 28.3 4,600 19.2 14,000 26.9 OK : 12,000 12.6 19,200 12.8 29,000 30.5 41,600 27.7 OR : 3,600 12.9 12,000 24.0 5,000 17.9 16,600 33.2 PA : 4,400 15.2 17,000 32.7 4,800 16.6 15,900 30.6 RI : 100 33.3 100 33.3 SC : 1,700 17.0 2,300 15.3 1,500 15.0 3,000 20.0 SD : 6,800 11.3 37,000 22.4 14,300 23.8 30,000 18.2 TN : 2,900 7.3 19,800 24.8 5,200 13.0 20,300 25.4 TX : 19,400 8.1 31,600 11.7 80,900 33.7 85,500 31.7 UT : 1,800 12.9 6,700 25.8 2,700 19.3 6,900 26.5 VT : 500 10.0 2,600 26.0 1,100 22.0 3,000 30.0 VA : 1,500 6.3 15,500 23.8 3,900 16.3 14,400 22.2 WA : 5,500 25.0 6,800 23.4 4,500 20.5 10,000 34.5 WV : 500 8.3 2,400 21.8 1,600 26.7 2,300 20.9 WI : 7,600 10.9 82,300 43.3 13,800 19.7 69,600 36.6 WY : 1,700 11.3 6,300 21.0 2,800 18.7 6,100 20.3 : US :197,000 12.0 666,200 24.3 418,950 25.6 784,400 28.6 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Missing data are less than 100 head for the State or not published to avoid disclosure of individual operations. Data not published are included in U.S. total. Totals may not add due to rounding. Losses of Cattle and Calves by Calving Problems and Weather, by State and United States, 1995 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Calving Problems : Weather :----------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : % of : : % of : : % of : : % of : Cattle : Total : Calves : Total : Cattle : Total : Calves : Total : : Deaths : : Deaths : : Deaths : : Deaths -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Head Percent Head Percent Head Percent Head Percent : AL : 7,600 28.1 9,200 19.6 1,600 5.9 2,200 4.7 AZ : 1,700 5.7 1,700 5.7 2,600 8.7 1,100 3.7 AR : 7,500 25.0 9,900 22.0 2,600 8.7 4,000 8.9 CA : 12,900 14.3 8,100 6.0 7,900 8.8 10,300 7.6 CO : 3,100 6.9 7,400 12.3 2,700 6.0 7,100 11.8 CT : 200 20.0 100 10.0 DE : 100 10.0 FL : 6,400 21.3 5,600 12.7 8,200 27.3 3,000 6.8 GA : 7,600 30.4 8,300 24.4 1,400 5.6 900 2.6 HI : 400 10.0 300 7.5 800 20.0 600 15.0 ID : 2,900 11.2 5,900 11.3 1,000 3.8 4,100 7.9 IL : 3,700 14.8 7,900 17.6 4,200 16.8 3,300 7.3 IN : 2,100 14.0 4,000 12.9 1,600 10.7 2,500 8.1 IA : 5,400 9.3 19,700 17.1 6,700 11.6 15,100 13.1 KS : 4,000 4.3 10,200 14.6 6,300 6.8 7,500 10.7 KY : 9,700 21.6 19,200 22.6 3,900 8.7 8,500 10.0 LA : 3,400 22.7 3,300 15.7 1,400 9.3 2,100 10.0 ME : 400 20.0 400 10.0 100 2.5 MD : 1,000 20.0 1,200 17.1 700 14.0 100 1.4 MA : 200 20.0 100 10.0 MI : 4,500 18.0 8,300 13.8 1,700 6.8 2,000 3.3 MN : 9,600 16.0 9,300 8.1 3,900 6.5 5,100 4.4 MS : 6,700 19.1 7,500 17.9 2,200 6.3 1,600 3.8 MO : 17,900 27.5 26,600 19.0 7,600 11.7 17,800 12.7 MT : 2,000 8.7 13,900 24.4 2,700 11.7 13,100 23.0 NE : 5,700 7.1 18,800 18.8 9,400 11.8 25,200 25.2 NV : 800 13.3 1,900 15.8 600 10.0 400 3.3 NH : 400 40.0 200 20.0 NJ : 200 20.0 200 10.0 200 20.0 200 10.0 NM : 4,700 21.4 3,700 10.3 1,600 7.3 3,700 10.3 NY : 6,800 22.7 6,000 9.2 1,300 4.3 1,700 2.6 NC : 6,200 32.6 6,200 20.7 1,000 5.3 1,000 3.3 ND : 2,200 11.6 15,800 27.2 2,300 12.1 7,300 12.6 OH : 3,700 15.4 13,000 25.0 1,200 5.0 1,800 3.5 OK : 11,100 11.7 26,900 17.9 7,600 8.0 14,100 9.4 OR : 5,500 19.6 7,400 14.8 400 1.4 3,000 6.0 PA : 5,000 17.2 6,100 11.7 1,500 5.2 1,000 1.9 RI : SC : 1,600 16.0 4,200 28.0 600 6.0 700 4.7 SD : 5,500 9.2 16,700 10.1 13,000 21.7 72,000 43.6 TN : 10,600 26.5 14,800 18.5 3,200 8.0 3,400 4.3 TX : 28,900 12.0 27,700 10.3 8,200 3.4 13,800 5.1 UT : 1,800 12.9 5,400 20.8 100 .7 1,500 5.8 VT : 800 16.0 1,200 12.0 200 4.0 700 7.0 VA : 4,500 18.8 12,500 19.2 1,700 7.1 6,500 10.0 WA : 3,400 15.5 4,700 16.2 200 .9 1,000 3.4 WV : 1,000 16.7 2,600 23.6 100 1.7 1,300 11.8 WI : 13,500 19.3 10,300 5.4 5,700 8.1 6,300 3.3 WY : 1,600 10.7 5,800 19.3 2,000 13.3 4,200 14.0 : US :246,625 15.1 400,300 14.6 134,000 8.2 283,000 10.3 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Missing data are less than 100 head for the State or not published to avoid disclosure of individual operations. Data not published are included in U.S. total. Totals may not add due to rounding. Losses of Cattle and Calves by Poison and Theft, by State and United States, 1995 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Poison : Theft :----------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : % of : : % of : : % of : : % of : Cattle : Total : Calves : Total : Cattle : Total : Calves : Total : : Deaths : : Deaths : : Deaths : : Deaths -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Head Percent Head Percent Head Percent Head Percent : AL : 500 1.9 600 1.3 100 .4 200 .4 AZ : 700 2.3 200 .7 100 .3 100 .3 AR : 1,100 3.7 300 .7 100 .3 100 .2 CA : 500 .6 100 .1 900 1.0 1,100 .8 CO : 900 2.0 700 1.2 200 .4 300 .5 CT : 100 10.0 DE : FL : 300 1.0 200 .5 400 1.3 100 .2 GA : 1,800 7.2 600 1.8 100 .4 200 .6 HI : ID : 700 2.7 200 .4 300 1.2 200 .4 IL : 300 1.2 100 .2 100 .4 300 .7 IN : 300 2.0 400 1.3 100 .7 400 1.3 IA : 600 1.0 100 .1 300 .5 1,200 1.0 KS : 1,000 1.1 100 .1 600 .7 400 .6 KY : 2,500 5.6 600 .7 200 .4 100 .1 LA : 300 2.0 200 1.0 100 .7 200 1.0 ME : MD : MA : MI : 200 .8 100 .2 100 .2 MN : 600 1.0 100 .1 100 .1 MS : 800 2.3 400 1.0 MO : 1,100 1.7 900 .6 500 .8 800 .6 MT : 800 3.5 900 1.6 200 .4 NE : 600 .8 500 .5 200 .3 100 .1 NV : 200 3.3 NH : NJ : NM : 1,300 5.9 600 1.7 600 2.7 300 .8 NY : 500 1.7 100 .2 200 .7 100 .2 NC : 400 2.1 100 .3 100 .5 ND : 200 1.1 100 .2 100 .5 100 .2 OH : 600 2.5 100 .2 100 .2 OK : 3,600 3.8 1,400 .9 800 .8 600 .4 OR : 1,500 5.4 300 .6 300 1.1 400 .8 PA : 400 1.4 400 .8 100 .3 100 .2 RI : SC : 200 2.0 700 4.7 SD : 1,000 1.7 200 .1 200 .3 200 .1 TN : 600 1.5 900 1.1 100 .3 400 .5 TX : 2,400 1.0 2,700 1.0 700 .3 2,700 1.0 UT : 700 5.0 400 1.5 100 .7 VT : 200 4.0 300 3.0 VA : 600 2.5 100 .2 WA : 400 1.8 100 .3 100 .3 WV : 300 5.0 WI : 800 1.1 400 .2 100 .1 100 .1 WY : 800 5.3 500 1.7 200 1.3 200 .7 : US : 32,500 2.0 16,800 .6 8,000 .5 11,700 .4 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Missing data are less than 100 head for the State or not published to avoid disclosure of individual operations. Data not published are included in U.S. total. Totals may not add due to rounding. Losses of Cattle and Calves by Other and Unknown Causes, by State and United States, 1995 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Other : Unknown :----------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : % of : : % of : : % of : : % of : Cattle : Total : Calves : Total : Cattle : Total : Calves : Total : : Deaths : : Deaths : : Deaths : : Deaths -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Head Percent Head Percent Head Percent Head Percent : AL : 4,800 17.8 3,300 7.0 5,500 20.4 12,300 26.2 AZ : 2,400 8.0 700 2.3 13,800 46.0 6,900 23.0 AR : 6,300 21.0 4,000 8.9 6,300 21.0 4,800 10.7 CA : 11,800 13.1 3,600 2.7 12,200 13.6 11,100 8.2 CO : 4,900 10.9 2,500 4.2 14,100 31.3 12,800 21.3 CT : 200 20.0 200 20.0 200 20.0 DE : 100 10.0 300 30.0 200 20.0 FL : 6,200 20.7 2,300 5.2 4,600 15.3 11,100 25.2 GA : 4,400 17.6 2,100 6.2 3,400 13.6 6,900 20.3 HI : 700 17.5 600 15.0 1,400 35.0 1,400 35.0 ID : 4,400 16.9 3,300 6.3 5,200 20.0 6,700 12.9 IL : 3,900 15.6 1,700 3.8 3,300 13.2 7,300 16.2 IN : 2,100 14.0 1,600 5.2 3,900 26.0 3,300 10.6 IA : 8,000 13.8 4,900 4.3 6,400 11.0 8,800 7.7 KS : 5,500 6.0 1,500 2.1 12,800 13.9 7,100 10.1 KY : 9,200 20.4 5,100 6.0 11,000 24.4 11,600 13.6 LA : 2,900 19.3 1,700 8.1 2,600 17.3 2,500 11.9 ME : 300 15.0 500 12.5 400 20.0 925 23.1 MD : 1,100 22.0 500 7.1 1,025 20.5 725 10.4 MA : 200 20.0 100 10.0 125 12.5 MI : 4,500 18.0 2,200 3.7 3,300 13.2 5,700 9.5 MN : 11,300 18.8 3,900 3.4 9,300 15.5 10,800 9.4 MS : 6,100 17.4 4,500 10.7 11,400 32.6 6,100 14.5 MO : 14,200 21.8 12,600 9.0 11,600 17.8 14,500 10.4 MT : 5,000 21.7 3,600 6.3 5,800 25.2 4,900 8.6 NE : 7,400 9.3 1,200 1.2 5,600 7.0 1,900 1.9 NV : 900 15.0 800 6.7 800 13.3 1,100 9.2 NH : 100 10.0 100 10.0 200 20.0 NJ : 100 5.0 500 25.0 NM : 2,600 11.8 1,600 4.4 3,500 15.9 4,700 13.1 NY : 6,100 20.3 2,600 4.0 5,000 16.7 7,400 11.4 NC : 3,400 17.9 2,700 9.0 2,700 14.2 7,100 23.7 ND : 3,300 17.4 1,700 2.9 3,800 20.0 4,100 7.1 OH : 5,400 22.5 2,600 5.0 3,200 13.3 5,200 10.0 OK : 10,100 10.6 5,400 3.6 18,700 19.7 32,300 21.5 OR : 5,900 21.1 1,400 2.8 5,500 19.6 4,500 9.0 PA : 7,500 25.9 5,100 9.8 5,100 17.6 5,900 11.3 RI : 100 33.3 SC : 1,900 19.0 2,100 14.0 2,400 24.0 1,300 8.7 SD : 8,500 14.2 1,500 .9 10,300 17.2 5,000 3.0 TN : 8,700 21.8 5,800 7.3 8,200 20.5 10,800 13.5 TX : 43,100 18.0 18,400 6.8 52,400 21.8 62,600 23.2 UT : 2,500 17.9 1,100 4.2 4,100 29.3 3,000 11.5 VT : 1,200 24.0 1,200 12.0 925 18.5 925 9.3 VA : 4,900 20.4 3,300 5.1 6,500 27.1 11,100 17.1 WA : 3,500 15.9 2,400 8.3 4,300 19.5 2,900 10.0 WV : 1,425 23.8 1,200 10.9 1,000 16.7 900 8.2 WI : 11,600 16.6 5,300 2.8 16,300 23.3 14,700 7.7 WY : 2,700 18.0 1,300 4.3 3,000 20.0 4,000 13.3 : US :263,350 16.1 135,800 4.9 313,475 19.2 350,900 12.8 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Missing data are less than 100 head for the State or not published to avoid disclosure of individual operations. Data not published are included in U.S. total. Totals may not add due to rounding. Losses and Value of Losses of Cattle by Predators, Other Causes, and Total, by State and United States, 1995 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Total : Predators : Other Causes :------------------------------------------------------------------------- State: : Value : : : : : : All : Per : Total : Losses : Total : Losses : Total : Losses : Head : Value : : Value : : Value -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Head Dollars 1,000 Dol Head 1,000 Dol Head 1,000 Dol : AL : 27,000 500 13,500 400 200 26,600 13,300 AZ : 30,000 643 19,290 900 579 29,100 18,711 AR : 30,000 548 16,440 400 219 29,600 16,221 CA : 90,000 823 74,070 1,500 1,235 88,500 72,836 CO : 45,000 605 27,225 400 242 44,600 26,983 CT : 1,000 915 915 1,000 915 DE : 1,000 873 873 1,000 873 FL : 30,000 595 17,850 600 357 29,400 17,493 GA : 25,000 583 14,575 300 175 24,700 14,400 HI : 4,000 495 1,980 100 50 3,900 1,931 ID : 26,000 655 17,030 300 197 25,700 16,834 IL : 25,000 630 15,750 100 63 24,900 15,687 IN : 15,000 673 10,095 200 135 14,800 9,960 IA : 58,000 630 36,540 400 252 57,600 36,288 KS : 92,000 520 47,840 500 260 91,500 47,580 KY : 45,000 578 26,010 500 289 44,500 25,721 LA : 15,000 593 8,895 200 119 14,800 8,776 ME : 2,000 813 1,626 2,000 1,626 MD : 5,000 808 4,040 75 61 4,925 3,979 MA : 1,000 890 890 75 67 925 823 MI : 25,000 818 20,450 200 164 24,800 20,286 MN : 60,000 720 43,200 600 432 59,400 42,768 MS : 35,000 513 17,955 600 308 34,400 17,647 MO : 65,000 580 37,700 700 406 64,300 37,294 MT : 23,000 630 14,490 500 315 22,500 14,175 NE : 80,000 583 46,640 500 292 79,500 46,349 NV : 6,000 585 3,510 200 117 5,800 3,393 NH : 1,000 893 893 1,000 893 NJ : 1,000 905 905 1,000 905 NM : 22,000 658 14,476 600 395 21,400 14,081 NY : 30,000 893 26,790 200 179 29,800 26,611 NC : 19,000 548 10,412 400 219 18,600 10,193 ND : 19,000 643 12,217 200 129 18,800 12,088 OH : 24,000 713 17,112 200 143 23,800 16,969 OK : 95,000 518 49,210 2,100 1,088 92,900 48,122 OR : 28,000 620 17,360 300 186 27,700 17,174 PA : 29,000 873 25,317 200 175 28,800 25,142 RI : 100 810 81 100 81 SC : 10,000 563 5,630 100 56 9,900 5,574 SD : 60,000 610 36,600 400 244 59,600 36,356 TN : 40,000 550 22,000 500 275 39,500 21,725 TX : 240,000 543 130,320 4,000 2,172 236,000 128,148 UT : 14,000 635 8,890 200 127 13,800 8,763 VT : 5,000 968 4,840 75 73 4,925 4,767 VA : 24,000 595 14,280 400 238 23,600 14,042 WA : 22,000 745 16,390 200 149 21,800 16,241 WV : 6,000 508 3,048 75 38 5,925 3,010 WI : 70,000 855 59,850 600 513 69,400 59,337 WY : 15,000 628 9,420 200 126 14,800 9,294 : US :1,635,100 1,025,420 21,200 13,053 1,613,900 1,012,367 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Missing predator loss data are included with other causes to avoid disclosure of individual operations. Losses and Value of Losses of Calves by Predators, Other Causes, and Total, by State and United States, 1995 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Total : Predators : Other Causes :------------------------------------------------------------------------- State: : Value : : : : : : All : Per : Total : Losses : Total : Losses : Total : Losses : Head : Value : : Value : : Value -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Head Dollars 1,000 Dol Head 1,000 Dol Head 1,000 Dol : AL : 47,000 245 11,515 2,700 662 44,300 10,854 AZ : 30,000 230 6,900 3,300 759 26,700 6,141 AR : 45,000 278 12,510 1,700 473 43,300 12,037 CA : 135,000 250 33,750 4,100 1,025 130,900 32,725 CO : 60,000 345 20,700 3,500 1,208 56,500 19,493 CT : 1,000 295 295 1,000 295 DE : 1,000 385 385 1,000 385 FL : 44,000 235 10,340 1,100 259 42,900 10,082 GA : 34,000 248 8,432 1,400 347 32,600 8,085 HI : 4,000 220 880 200 44 3,800 836 ID : 52,000 273 14,196 1,300 355 50,700 13,841 IL : 45,000 293 13,185 1,700 498 43,300 12,687 IN : 31,000 285 8,835 700 200 30,300 8,636 IA : 115,000 318 36,570 1,000 318 114,000 36,252 KS : 70,000 295 20,650 1,400 413 68,600 20,237 KY : 85,000 263 22,355 4,000 1,052 81,000 21,303 LA : 21,000 260 5,460 1,100 286 19,900 5,174 ME : 4,000 273 1,092 75 20 3,925 1,072 MD : 7,000 325 2,275 75 24 6,925 2,251 MA : 1,000 288 288 75 22 925 266 MI : 60,000 273 16,380 200 55 59,800 16,325 MN : 115,000 275 31,625 1,500 413 113,500 31,213 MS : 42,000 223 9,366 1,800 401 40,200 8,965 MO : 140,000 268 37,520 1,900 509 138,100 37,011 MT : 57,000 350 19,950 1,800 630 55,200 19,320 NE : 100,000 330 33,000 1,500 495 98,500 32,505 NV : 12,000 310 3,720 1,300 403 10,700 3,317 NH : 1,000 315 315 1,000 315 NJ : 2,000 295 590 2,000 590 NM : 36,000 285 10,260 2,000 570 34,000 9,690 NY : 65,000 308 20,020 400 123 64,600 19,897 NC : 30,000 223 6,690 800 178 29,200 6,512 ND : 58,000 335 19,430 1,300 436 56,700 18,995 OH : 52,000 298 15,496 500 149 51,500 15,347 OK : 150,000 275 41,250 8,500 2,338 141,500 38,913 OR : 50,000 305 15,250 4,400 1,342 45,600 13,908 PA : 52,000 275 14,300 500 138 51,500 14,163 RI : 300 295 89 300 89 SC : 15,000 260 3,900 700 182 14,300 3,718 SD : 165,000 330 54,450 2,400 792 162,600 53,658 TN : 80,000 240 19,200 3,800 912 76,200 18,288 TX : 270,000 265 71,550 25,000 6,625 245,000 64,925 UT : 26,000 290 7,540 1,000 290 25,000 7,250 VT : 10,000 310 3,100 75 23 9,925 3,077 VA : 65,000 228 14,820 1,600 365 63,400 14,455 WA : 29,000 275 7,975 1,000 275 28,000 7,700 WV : 11,000 253 2,783 200 51 10,800 2,732 WI : 190,000 285 54,150 1,000 285 189,000 53,865 WY : 30,000 355 10,650 1,600 568 28,400 10,082 : US :2,745,300 775,982 96,200 26,510 2,649,100 749,472 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Missing predator loss data are included with other causes to avoid disclosure of individual operations. Losses of Cattle and Calves by Cause and Total Value, by Region and United States, 1995 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Total Predators Losses : Total Non-Predator Losses Region :--------------------------------------------------------------------- : Cattle : Calves :Total Value : Cattle : Calves :Total Value -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ Head ----- 1,000 Dol ------- Head ------- 1,000 Dol : Mountain : and West : 13,100 65,600 26,466 897,900 1,268,400 912,593 : Midwest : 3,400 10,200 5,225 368,600 782,800 478,184 : South and : East : 4,700 20,400 7,872 347,400 597,900 371,063 : US : 21,200 96,200 39,562 1,613,900 2,649,100 1,761,839 :--------------------------------------------------------------------- : Total Losses :--------------------------------------------------------------------- : Cattle : Calves : Total Value :--------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------------- Head ------------- 1,000 Dol : Mountain : and West : 911,000 1,334,000 939,059 : Midwest : 372,000 793,000 483,408 : South and : East : 352,100 618,300 378,935 : US : 1,635,100 2,745,300 1,801,402 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnotes at end of table. --continued Losses of Cattle and Calves by Cause and Total Value, by Regions and United States, 1995 2/ (Continued) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Coyotes : Dogs Region :--------------------------------------------------------------------- : Cattle : Calves :Total Value : Cattle : Calves :Total Value -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ Head ----- 1,000 Dol ------ Head ----- 1,000 Dol : Mountain : and West : 5,200 45,300 16,020 1,700 9,150 3,537 : Midwest : 750 5,250 1,994 700 2,600 1,182 : South and : East : 1,700 11,150 3,784 1,050 6,600 2,234 : US : 7,650 61,700 21,798 3,450 18,350 6,952 :--------------------------------------------------------------------- : Mountain Lions and Bobcats : Bears :--------------------------------------------------------------------- : Cattle : Calves :Total Value : Cattle : Calves :Total Value :--------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----- Head ----- 1,000 Dol ----- Head ---- 1,000 Dol : Mountain : and West : 1,750 6,250 2,768 400 1,200 655 : Midwest : 200 158 : South and : East : : US : 1,750 6,300 2,780 600 1,200 813 :--------------------------------------------------------------------- : Wolves : Other Predators :--------------------------------------------------------------------- : Cattle : Calves :Total Value : Cattle : Calves :Total Value :--------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----- Head ---- 1,000 Dol ----- Head ----- 1,000 Dol : Mountain : and West : 400 1,100 531 3,650 2,600 2,955 : Midwest : 200 600 310 1,550 1,750 1,581 : South and : East : 200 50 1,950 2,400 1,792 : US : 600 1,900 891 7,150 6,750 6,328 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnotes at end of table. --continued Losses of Cattle and Calves by Cause and Total Value, by Regions and United States, 1995 1/ (Continued) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Digestive Problems : Respiratory Problems Region :--------------------------------------------------------------------- : Cattle : Calves :Total Value : Cattle : Calves :Total Value -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ Head ------ 1,000 Dol ------ Head ------ 1,000 Dol : Mountain : and West : 122,400 272,800 156,670 282,700 377,600 274,026 : Midwest : 42,100 246,700 99,929 85,700 249,600 131,121 : South and : East : 32,500 146,700 59,858 50,550 157,200 73,011 : US : 197,000 666,200 316,457 418,950 784,400 478,158 :--------------------------------------------------------------------- : Calving Problems : Weather :--------------------------------------------------------------------- : Cattle : Calves :Total Value : Cattle : Calves :Total Value :--------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ Head ------ 1,000 Dol ------ Head ------ 1,000 Dol : Mountain : and West : 98,200 182,300 115,293 69,400 190,000 101,911 : Midwest : 67,900 109,000 77,645 35,200 57,900 40,348 : South and : East : 80,525 109,000 77,210 29,400 35,100 26,814 : US : 246,625 400,300 270,148 134,000 283,000 169,073 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnotes at end of table. --continued Losses of Cattle and Calves by Cause and Total Value, by Regions and United States, 1995 1/ (Continued) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Poison : Theft Region :--------------------------------------------------------------------- : Cattle : Calves :Total Value : Cattle : Calves :Total Value -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ Head ----- 1,000 Dol ------ Head ----- 1,000 Dol : Mountain : and West : 17,300 9,000 12,952 5,400 7,100 5,345 : Midwest : 5,600 2,500 4,415 1,200 3,200 1,688 : South and : East : 9,600 5,300 7,198 1,400 1,400 1,252 : US : 32,500 16,800 24,566 8,000 11,700 8,285 :--------------------------------------------------------------------- : Other Causes : Unknown Causes :--------------------------------------------------------------------- : Cattle : Calves :Total Value : Cattle : Calves :Total Value :--------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ Head ------ 1,000 Dol ------ Head ------ 1,000 Dol : Mountain : and West : 125,200 52,600 90,552 177,300 177,000 155,844 : Midwest : 67,300 38,800 57,143 63,600 75,100 65,893 : South and : East : 70,850 44,400 56,360 72,575 98,800 69,361 : US : 263,350 135,800 204,055 313,475 350,900 291,097 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Totals may not add due to rounding. 2/ Missing data are less than 100 head for the Region or not published to avoid disclosure of individual operations. Data not published are included in U.S. total. Totals may not add due to rounding. Reliability of Cattle and Calf Death Loss Estimates Survey Procedures: A random sample of U.S. producers was surveyed to provide data for these estimates. Survey procedures ensured that all cattle producers, regardless of size, had a chance to be included in the survey to collect death loss by cause. Large producers were sampled more heavily than small operations. Data were collected from about 50,000 operators during the first half of January by mail, telephone, and face-to-face personal interviews. Operators were asked to report death losses for cattle and calves for the 1995 calendar year. Estimating Procedures: These estimates of total death losses and death loss by cause were prepared by the Livestock, Dairy and Poultry Branch, NASS, and reviewed by the 49 States involved. Total cattle and calf death losses from all causes were published in the 1995 "Meat Animals Production, Disposition, and Income" Report, released April 11, 1996. To estimate death loss by cause, cattle and calf losses from total predators were first determined. Next, the total predator estimate was broken down by specific predators, and a percent of total predator losses was calculated. This procedure was repeated to determine death losses from all other causes. All published loss estimates were rounded to the nearest 100 head. Value estimates were rounded to the nearest $1,000. State estimates of less than 100 head are not published, but are included in U.S. totals. States were combined into regions when sampling variability did not permit individual state data to be released. Reliability: Since all cattle operators are not included in the sample, survey estimates are subject to sampling variability. Survey results are also subject to non-sampling errors such as omissions, duplications, and mistakes in reporting, recording, and processing the data. The effects of these non-sampling errors cannot be measured directly. They are minimized through rigid quality controls in the data collection process and through a careful review of all reported data for consistency and reasonableness. Terms and Definitions: Cattle: Includes all cows, bulls, steers, and heifers weighing over 500 pounds. This includes beef and milk breeds as well as cattle on feed. Calves: Beef and milk breed steers, heifers, and bulls weighing less than 500 pounds. Regions: Mountain and Western: Arizona Kansas North Dakota Texas California Montana Oklahoma Utah Colorado Nebraska Oregon Washington Hawaii Nevada South Dakota Wyoming Idaho New Mexico Midwest: Arkansas Iowa Minnesota Ohio Illinois Michigan Missouri Wisconsin Indiana Southern and Eastern: Alabama Louisiana New Jersey Tennessee Connecticut Maine New York Vermont Delaware Maryland North Carolina Virginia Florida Massachusetts Pennsylvania West Virginia Georgia Mississippi Rhode Island Kentucky New Hampshire South Carolina Value: Cattle - An Average of the inventory value per head of cattle over 500 pounds. These data were collected nationally during the January 1, 1995 and 1996 Cattle Surveys. Calves - An average of the inventory value per head of calves less than 500 pounds. These data were collected nationally during the January 1. 1995 and 1996 Cattle Surveys. Digestive Problems: Includes bloat, scours, parasites, etc. Respiratory Problems: Includes shipping fever, pneumonia, etc. Poison: Includes nitrate poisoning and noxious feeds or weeds. Mountain Lions and Bobcats: Includes cougars, pumas and lynx. Index Page Losses and Value of Losses of Cattle and Calves from all causes, U.S. ................................................ 2 Losses of Cattle by Predators, Other Causes and Total, by State and U.S. .................................................... 4 Losses of Calves by Predators, Other Causes and Total, by State and U.S. .................................................... 5 Losses of Cattle and Calves by Coyotes and Dogs, by State and U.S. .................................................... 6 Losses of Cattle and Calves from Mountain Lions and Bobcats, by Selected States and U.S. .......................................... 7 Losses of Cattle and Calves by Other Predators, by State and U.S. .................................................... 8 Losses of Cattle and Calves by Digestive Problems and Respiratory Problems, by State and U.S. .......................................... 9 Losses of Cattle and Calves by Calving Problems and Weather, by State and U.S. .................................................... 10 Losses of Cattle and Calves by Poison and Theft, by State and U.S. .................................................... 11 Losses of Cattle and Calves by Other and Unknown Causes, by State and U.S. .................................................... 12 Losses and Value of Losses of Cattle by Predators, Other Causes, and Total, by State and U.S. ........................... 13 Losses and Value of Losses of Calves by Predators, Other Causes, and Total, by State and U.S. ........................... 14 Losses of Cattle and Calves by Cause and Total Value, by Region and U.S. ................................................... 15 Survey Procedures and Reliability ..................................... 20 The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in its programs on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, and marital or familial status. Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact the USDA Office of Communications at (202) 720-5881 (voice) or (202) 720-7808 (TDD). To file a complaint, write the Secretary of Agriculture, USDA, Washington, D.C., 20250, or call (202) 720-7327 (voice) or (202) 720-1127 (TDD). USDA is an equal employment opportunity employer. SUBSCRIBE TODAY!! For your convenience, there are several ways to obtain NASS reports, data products, and services: INTERNET ACCESS All NASS reports are now available free of charge on the worldwide Internet. For access, connect to the Internet and select: 1. Worldwide Web: http://www.usda.gov/nass/ OR 2. For Gopher/Telenet/FTP access: HOST=usda.mannlib.cornell.edu OR 3. 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