United States and Canadian Cattle ISSN: 1949-1859 Released August 27, 2025, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). United States and Canadian Cattle Inventory Down 1 Percent All cattle and calves in the United States and Canada combined totaled 106 million head on July 1, 2025, down 1 percent from the 107 million head on July 1, 2023. All cows and heifers that have calved, at 42.5 million head, were down 1 percent from two years ago. All cattle and calves in the United States as of July 1, 2025, totaled 94.2 million head, down 1 percent from the 95.4 million head on July 1, 2023. All cows and heifers that have calved, at 38.1 million head, were down 1 percent from two years ago. All cattle and calves in Canada as of July 1, 2025, totaled 11.9 million head, up 1 percent from the 11.8 million head on July 1, 2024. All cows and heifers that have calved, at 4.44 million head, were up slightly from a year ago. Cattle and Calf Inventory by Class and Calf Crop - United States and Canada: July 1, 2020-2023 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Class : 2020 : 2021 : 2022 : 2023 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 head : Cattle and calves ....................:114,775.0 113,345.0 110,580.0 107,485.0 : Cows and heifers that have calved ....: 46,056.6 45,356.6 44,243.0 42,924.8 Beef cows ..........................: 35,737.4 34,876.3 33,871.3 32,559.2 Milk cows ..........................: 10,319.2 10,480.3 10,371.7 10,365.6 : All other cattle .....................: 68,718.4 67,988.4 66,337.0 64,560.2 : Calf crop 1/ .........................: 39,935.5 39,613.3 38,863.3 37,843.3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ January to December calf crop. Sources: National Agricultural Statistics Service and Livestock and Animal Products Section, Statistics Canada. Cattle and Calf Inventory by Class and Calf Crop - United States and Canada: July 1, 2024 and 2025 [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : 2025 as : : : percent Class : 2024 1/ : 2025 : of 2023 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ 1,000 head ----- percent : Cattle and calves .....................: (NA) 106,105.0 99 : Cows and heifers that have calved .....: (NA) 42,537.2 99 Beef cows ...........................: (NA) 32,115.6 99 Milk cows ...........................: (NA) 10,421.6 101 : All other cattle ......................: (NA) 63,567.8 98 : Calf crop 2/ ..........................: 37,761.6 (X) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ 2024 United States "Cattle" report not conducted due to reduced funding. 2/ January to December calf crop. Sources: National Agricultural Statistics Service and Livestock and Animal Products Section, Statistics Canada. Cattle and Calf Inventory by Class and Calf Crop - United States: July 1, 2020-2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Class : 2020 : 2021 : 2022 : 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head : Cattle and calves ......................:102,200.0 100,700.0 98,300.0 95,400.0 : Cows and heifers that have calved ......: 41,300.0 40,600.0 39,600.0 38,400.0 Beef cows ............................: 31,950.0 31,100.0 30,200.0 29,000.0 Milk cows ............................: 9,350.0 9,500.0 9,400.0 9,400.0 : Heifers 500 pounds and over ............: 16,200.0 15,800.0 15,400.0 14,900.0 For beef cow replacement .............: 4,400.0 4,200.0 4,000.0 3,800.0 For milk cow replacement .............: 4,000.0 3,800.0 3,700.0 3,500.0 Other heifers ........................: 7,800.0 7,800.0 7,700.0 7,600.0 : Steers 500 pounds and over .............: 14,700.0 14,600.0 14,300.0 14,000.0 Bulls 500 pounds and over ..............: 2,100.0 2,000.0 2,000.0 1,900.0 Calves under 500 pounds ................: 27,900.0 27,700.0 27,000.0 26,200.0 : Calf crop 1/ ...........................: 35,500.5 35,130.9 34,439.5 33,563.0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ January to December calf crop. Source: National Agricultural Statistics Service. Cattle and Calf Inventory by Class and Calf Crop - United States: July 1, 2024 and 2025 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : 2025 as Class : 2024 1/ : 2025 : Percent : : : of 2023 2/ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----- 1,000 head ----- percent : Cattle and calves .....................: (NA) 94,200.0 99 : Cows and heifers that have calved .....: (NA) 38,100.0 99 Beef Cows ...........................: (NA) 28,650.0 99 Milk Cows ...........................: (NA) 9,450.0 101 : Heifers 500 pounds and over ...........: (NA) 14,600.0 98 For beef cow replacement ............: (NA) 3,700.0 97 For milk cow replacement ............: (NA) 3,500.0 100 Other heifers .......................: (NA) 7,400.0 97 : Steers 500 pounds and over ............: (NA) 13,800.0 99 Bulls 500 pounds and over .............: (NA) 1,900.0 100 Calves under 500 pounds ...............: (NA) 25,800.0 98 : Calf crop 3/ 4/ .......................: 33,529.5 33,100.0 99 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ 2024 United States "Cattle" report not conducted due to reduced funding. 2/ Calf crop 2025 as percent of 2024. 3/ January to December calf crop. 4/ January to December calf crop for 2025 is a preliminary estimate. Source: National Agricultural Statistics Service. Cattle and Calf Inventory by Class and Calf Crop - Canada: July 1, 2020-2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Class : 2020 : 2021 : 2022 : 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head : Cattle and calves ......................:12,575.0 12,645.0 12,280.0 12,085.0 : Cows and heifers that have calved ......: 4,756.6 4,756.6 4,643.0 4,524.8 Beef cows ............................: 3,787.4 3,776.3 3,671.3 3,559.2 Milk cows ............................: 969.2 980.3 971.7 965.6 : Heifers 1 year and over ................: 1,989.0 1,978.8 1,878.0 1,863.0 For beef cow replacement .............: 683.8 671.6 606.8 581.6 For milk cow replacement .............: 422.0 430.0 418.5 410.3 Other heifers ........................: 883.2 877.2 852.7 871.1 : Steers 1 year and over .................: 1,584.9 1,635.6 1,606.9 1,624.0 Bulls 1 year and over ..................: 225.4 223.4 219.3 213.0 Calves under 1 year ....................: 4,019.1 4,050.6 3,932.8 3,860.2 : Calf crop 1/ ...........................: 4,435.0 4,482.4 4,423.8 4,280.3 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ January to December calf crop. Source: Livestock and Animal Products Section, Statistics Canada. Cattle and Calf Inventory by Class and Calf Crop - Canada: July 1, 2024 and 2025 [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : 2025 as Class : 2024 : 2025 : Percent : : : of 2024 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----- 1,000 head ----- percent : Cattle and calves .....................: 11,805.0 11,905.0 101 : Cows and heifers that have calved .....: 4,420.0 4,437.2 100 Beef cows ...........................: 3,452.5 3,465.6 100 Milk cows ...........................: 967.5 971.6 100 : Heifers 1 year and over ...............: 1,847.0 1,847.7 100 For beef cow replacement ............: 588.6 600.1 102 For milk cow replacement ............: 406.5 408.6 101 Other heifers .......................: 851.9 839.0 98 : Steers 1 year and over ................: 1,627.5 1,598.1 98 Bulls 1 year and over .................: 204.4 205.4 100 Calves under 1 year ...................: 3,706.1 3,816.6 103 : Calf crop 1/ ..........................: 4,232.1 (X) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (X) Not applicable. 1/ January to December calf crop. Source: Livestock and Animal Products Section, Statistics Canada. This publication is a result of a joint effort by Statistics Canada and NASS to release the number of cattle and calves by class and calf crop for both countries within one publication. This information was requested by the United States cattle industry to provide producers additional information about potential beef supplies. United States inventory numbers were previously released on July 25, 2025. Canadian inventory numbers were previously released on August 22, 2025. Information Contacts Listed below are the commodity specialists in the Livestock Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to nass@usda.gov. Travis Averill, Chief, Livestock Branch................................................ (202) 692-0069 Sherry Bertramsen - Livestock Slaughter............................................. (202) 690-8632 Tiffany Byrne - Dairy Products...................................................... (651) 440-7789 Ryan Cowen - Cattle, Cattle on Feed................................................. (202) 720-3040 Kim DaPra - Milk Production......................................................... (202) 720-3278 Fatema Haque - Poultry Slaughter, Turkey Hatchery, Turkeys Raised................... (202) 720-3244 Derron Martin - Catfish, Census of Aquaculture, Egg Products, Mink, Trout........... (202) 690-3237 Ralph Mondesir - Hogs and Pigs...................................................... (202) 720-3106 Suzanne Richards - Cost of Pollination, Honey, Honey Bee Colonies, Sheep and Goats.. (202) 720-4448 Shulonda Shaw - Capacity of Refrigerated Warehouses, Cold Storage................... (202) 720-3240 Autumn Stone - Layers, Eggs......................................................... (202) 690-3676 Takiyah Walker - Broiler Hatchery, Chicken Hatchery................................. 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