Ag Ch 1 (08) Agricultural Chemical Usage 2007 Field Crops Summary May 2008 National Agricultural Statistics Service USDA Washington, D.C. Table of Contents Page Overview...................................................................... 2 Program States Surveyed....................................................... 3 Survey Coverage............................................................... 3 Agricultural Chemical Applications - Highlights............................... 4 Agricultural Chemical Applications Tables: Cotton........................................................................ 6 Apples........................................................................ 28 Organic Apples................................................................ 52 Agricultural Chemical Distribution Tables - Highlights........................ 59 Agricultural Chemical Distribution Tables: Cotton........................................................................ 60 Apples........................................................................ 68 Organic Apples................................................................ 76 Pest Management Practices - Highlights........................................ 78 Cotton........................................................................ 80 Apples........................................................................ 88 Organic Apples................................................................ 92 Pesticide Class, Common Name, and Trade Name.................................. 95 Survey and Estimation Procedures.............................................. 103 Reliability................................................................... 104 Terms and Definitions......................................................... 105 Survey Instrument (Fertilizer, Pesticide, and Pest Management Sections)....... 110 Report Features............................................................... 117 Overview This publication is a summary of pesticide and fertilizer usage on Field Crop and continues the series of AAgricultural Chemical Usage@ reports issued by the United States Department of Agriculture=s National Agricultural Statistics Service (USDA-NASS). This report contains statistics for on-farm use of commercial fertilizers, agricultural chemicals, and pest management practices from producers of targeted field and fruit crops for the 2007 crop year. The agricultural chemical use estimates in this report focus on the acreage treated with herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, and other pesticides. Chemical application rates listed by active ingredient are also featured in this publication. Other publications that have statistics for on-farm agricultural chemical usage have focused on pesticide chemical usage for nursery and floriculture crops (December 2007) and the restricted chemical usage report (May 2008). More details about these publications and others may be found on the USDA website at http://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_Subject /Environmental/index.asp. Information in this report is collected from a survey compiled from the Agricultural Resources Management Survey (ARMS). The ARMS survey is conducted in cooperation with the Economic Research Service (ERS). The information from the ARMS survey enables NASS to publish chemical use statistics and to provide ERS the ability to conduct economic analyses relating to field crop chemical usage. Data collection occurred during the months of October-December of 2007. The targeted crops were cotton, apples, and organic apples. The States surveyed were: Alabama, Arkansas, California, Georgia, Louisiana, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, New York, North Carolina, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Washington. An example of the survey instrument used in data collection is included in the back of this publication The Active Ingredient and Publication Status tables are provided to show all active ingredients reported in the Program States. The publication status is determined by confidentiality rules. In order to publish data for an active ingredient, there must be a minimum of 5 reports for the specific active ingredient at the summary level (by crop, by State, or all Program States). If there are 5 or more reports, then the active ingredient data are published and designated as a "P" in the table. In cases where there are fewer than 5 reports of an active ingredient, an A*@ appears in the table. This means the active ingredient was reported, but there were an insufficient number of reports to publish the data. If the publication status is blank, there were no reports for the active ingredient for that Program State. Some pesticides are labeled for control of more than one type of pest, i.e., used as an insecticide and as a fungicide. In these instances, the active ingredient is listed under the pesticide class for which it was predominantly used. This report excludes pesticides used for seed treatments and postharvest applications to the commodity. Program States Surveyed for 2007 Field and Fruit Crops Organic State Cotton Apples Apples Alabama X Arkansas X California X X X Georgia X Louisiana X Michigan X X Mississippi X Missouri X New York X X North Carolina X X Oregon X X Pennsylvania X X South Carolina X Tennessee X Texas X Washington X X Agricultural Chemical Use Survey Coverage, 2007 and 2005 2007 2005 U.S. U.S. Acreage Acreage States Reports Included States Reports Included Crop Surveyed Summarized in Survey Surveyed Summarized in Survey -- Number -- Percent -- Number -- Percent Cotton 11 1,542 94 Apples 7 1,060 79 8 1,287 80 Organic 6 180 N/A Apples Highlights Cotton: Nitrogen was applied to 92 percent of the 2007 cotton planted acreage in the 11 Program States: Alabama, Arkansas, California, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Texas. Cotton growers applied an average of 91 pounds of nitrogen per acre per crop year. Phosphate was applied to 67 percent of the cotton planted acreage in the Program States at an average rate of 43 pounds per acre per crop year. Potash, applied at 70 pounds per acre per crop year, was applied to 52 percent of the acreage planted to cotton. Sulfur was applied to 42 percent of the planted acreage, at an average rate of 13 pounds per acre per crop year. Herbicides were applied to 97 percent of the Program States' cotton planted acreage in 2007. Glyphosate isopropylamine salt was the most commonly applied herbicide, applied to 85 percent of the planted acreage at a rate of 1.900 pounds per acre per crop year. The next two most commonly applied herbicides on a per acre basis were Trifluralin and Diuron, at 29 and 26 percent with average application rates of 0.921 and 0.499 pounds per acre per crop year, respectively. Insecticides were applied to 66 percent of the 2007 cotton acreage. Acephate was the most utilized insecticide with 26 percent of the planted acreage being treated at an average rate of 0.900 pounds per acre per crop year. Dicrotophos was the second most commonly utilized insecticide, applied to 21 percent of acreage. It was applied at an average rate of 0.565 pounds per acre per crop year. Fungicides were applied to 1 percent of the planted acres in the Program States. Etridiazole and PCNB were both applied to 1 percent of the acres planted to cotton. They were applied at an average rate of 0.146 and 0.635 pounds per acre per crop year, respectively. Other Chemicals were used to treat 85 percent of the cotton acreage. Ethephon was the most commonly applied Other Chemical covering 69 percent of the acreage; followed by Thidiazuron, applied to 37 percent of the acreage; and Mepiquat chloride, applied to 35 percent of the acreage. They were applied at 1.259, 0.073, and 0.058 pounds per acre per year, respectively. Apples: Seven States were included in the 2007 survey: California, Michigan, New York, North Carolina, Oregon, Pennsylvania, and Washington. Nitrogen was applied to 71 percent of the 2007 apple acres in the Program States at an average rate of 53 pounds per acre per crop year. Phosphate was applied to 24 percent of the planted acres, at an average rate of 36 pounds per acre per crop year. An average of 65 pounds per acre per crop year of Potash was applied to 34 percent of the bearing acreage. Sulfur was applied to 12 percent of the planted acres at an average rate of 27 pounds per acre per crop year. Herbicides were applied to 61 percent of the apple bearing acreage in 2007 in the 7 Program States. The most utilized herbicide was Glyphosate isopropylamine salt, on 45 percent of the acreage at an average of 1.925 pounds per acre per crop year. The herbicides Paraquat and Simazine were a distant second, in terms of percent of acres treated, with 12 and 10 percent of the acres receiving an application, respectively. They were applied at an average rate of 1.440 and 1.843 pounds per acre per crop year, respectively. Insecticides were applied to 97 percent of the surveyed acreage. The most commonly used insecticides were Azinphos-methyl, Chlorpyrifos, and Petroleum distillate on 62, 59, and 58 percent of the acreage, respectively. The average rate per application per crop year for the three most commonly applied insecticides were 2.045, 1.732, and 31.410 pounds per acre, respectively. Fungicides were used on 91 percent of the acreage. Mancozeb was the most commonly applied fungicide with 37 percent of the bearing acreage being treated. It was applied at an average rate of 7.309 pounds per acre per crop year. Myclobutanil was applied to 36 percent of the bearing acres at an average rate of 0.191 pounds per acre per crop year. Captan was the third most commonly applied with 34 percent of the bearing acres treated. An average of 10.274 pounds per acre per crop year was applied. Other Chemicals were used to treat 65 percent of the acreage. Benzyladenine was the most commonly utilized Other Chemical, applied to 23 percent of the acreage at an average rate of 0.043 pounds per acre per crop year; followed by Gibberellins A4A7, applied to 18 percent of the acreage at an average rate per crop year of 0.024 pounds per acre. Organic Apples: Six Program States were included in the 2007 survey: California, Michigan, New York, Oregon, Pennsylvania, and Washington. However, due to data confidentiality rules the chemical application data for 5 of the 6 States surveyed were combined into one category called Other States (OS). Washington State was the only state with publishable data. Nitrogen, phosphate, potash, and sulfur applications were made on 53, 25, 26, and 12 percent of the acreage, respectively. The rate per application per crop year for nitrogen was 131 pounds per acre; followed by 26 pounds of potash per acre; followed by phosphate and sulfur both being applied at a rate of 20 pounds per acre, respectively. There were no reports of herbicides applied to organic apple in the 6 Program States. Insecticides were used on 79 percent of the surveyed acres. Cyd-X Granulo. Virus was the most commonly applied insecticide, on 56 percent of the acres; followed by Bt subsp. kurstaki on 53 percent of the acres. The pounds per acre per crop year for Cyd-X Granulo and Bt. Subsp. kurstaki were not publishable. Fungicides were used on 75 percent of the acreage. The more commonly used fungicides were Calcium polysufide, Sulfur, and Bacillus pumilus covering 66, 41, and 28 percent of the acreage, respectively. The average rate per application per crop year for Calcium polysulfide and Sulfur were 35.424 and 17.879 pounds per acre, respectively. The pounds per acre per crop year for Bacillus pumilus was not publishable. Other Chemicals were applied to 51 percent of the acreage, with Mineral oil being applied to 21 percent of the acreage at an average rate per crop year of 40.574 pounds per acre. Cytokinins and Butenoic Acid Hydro. were the next two most commonly applied Other Chemicals, at 11 and 10 percent, respectively. The rate per application data for the active ingredient Cytokinins was not publishable. Butenoic Acid Hydro was applied at an average rate per crop year of 0.052 pounds per acre. All Cotton: Fertilizer Use by State, 2007 Percent of Acres Treated and Total Applied ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Percent of Acres Treated and Total Applied State : Planted :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Acreage : Nitrogen : Phosphate : Potash : Sulfur ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 Percent Mil. lbs. Percent Mil. lbs. Percent Mil. lbs. Percent Mil. lbs. : Acres : AL : 400 97 34.2 87 17.0 90 23.3 46 2.1 AR : 860 98 94.1 83 29.4 85 63.9 46 5.5 CA : 455 96 53.6 39 13.2 20 4.3 1/ GA : 1,030 98 90.9 91 56.3 91 81.3 67 10.5 LA : 335 100 29.3 70 8.1 63 16.1 1/ MS : 660 100 77.3 33 12.4 54 37.7 28 2.0 MO : 380 98 36.1 88 10.3 95 24.5 64 2.6 NC : 500 92 31.3 71 11.0 89 44.2 25 2.9 SC : 180 99 16.2 79 6.5 94 16.0 33 0.8 TN : 515 100 52.3 95 25.2 100 45.1 60 2.8 TX : 4,925 86 347.7 60 109.8 24 19.8 42 26.2 : US : 10,240 92 862.8 67 299.2 52 376.2 42 56.3 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Insufficient reports to publish data for the fertilizer primary nutrient. All Cotton: Fertilizer Primary Nutrient Applications, Program States and Total, 2007 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Primary : Planted : Area : Appli- : Rate per : Rate per : Total Nutrient : Acreage : Applied : cations :Application : Crop Year : Applied ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ :1,000 Acres Percent Number Pounds per Acre Mil. lbs. : : : Alabama : 400 Nitrogen : 97 1.6 55 88 34.2 Phosphate : 87 1.0 47 49 17.0 Potash : 90 1.0 62 65 23.3 Sulfur : 46 1.1 10 11 2.1 : Arkansas : 860 Nitrogen : 98 1.6 69 111 94.1 Phosphate : 83 1.1 36 41 29.4 Potash : 85 1.2 74 87 63.9 Sulfur : 46 1.2 12 14 5.5 : California : 455 Nitrogen : 96 1.8 70 123 53.6 Phosphate : 39 1.2 63 74 13.2 Potash : 20 1.2 39 48 4.3 Sulfur 1/ : : Georgia : 1,030 Nitrogen : 98 1.9 47 90 90.9 Phosphate : 91 1.2 49 60 56.3 Potash : 91 1.2 70 87 81.3 Sulfur : 67 1.2 13 15 10.5 : Louisiana : 335 Nitrogen : 100 1.2 70 87 29.3 Phosphate : 70 1.0 33 35 8.1 Potash : 63 1.1 72 76 16.1 Sulfur 1/ : : Mississippi : 660 Nitrogen : 100 1.4 81 117 77.3 Phosphate : 33 1.0 56 58 12.4 Potash : 54 1.0 106 106 37.7 Sulfur : 28 1.0 11 11 2.0 : Missouri : 380 Nitrogen : 98 1.6 61 97 36.1 Phosphate : 88 1.0 30 31 10.3 Potash : 95 1.1 63 68 24.5 Sulfur : 64 1.0 11 11 2.6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued All Cotton: Fertilizer Primary Nutrient Applications, Program States and Total, 2007 (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Primary : Planted : Area : Appli- : Rate per : Rate per : Total Nutrient : Acreage : Applied : cations :Application : Crop Year : Applied ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ :1,000 Acres Percent Number Pounds per Acre Mil. lbs. : : : North Carolina : 500 Nitrogen : 92 2.0 34 68 31.3 Phosphate : 71 1.2 27 31 11.0 Potash : 89 1.1 89 99 44.2 Sulfur : 25 1.4 17 23 2.9 : South Carolina : 180 Nitrogen : 99 1.7 54 91 16.2 Phosphate : 79 1.1 42 46 6.5 Potash : 94 1.1 89 94 16.0 Sulfur : 33 1.2 11 14 0.8 : Tennessee : 515 Nitrogen : 100 1.2 87 102 52.3 Phosphate : 95 1.0 51 51 25.2 Potash : 100 1.0 88 88 45.1 Sulfur : 60 1.0 9 9 2.8 : Texas : 4,925 Nitrogen : 86 1.8 45 82 347.7 Phosphate : 60 1.2 32 37 109.8 Potash : 24 1.1 15 17 19.8 Sulfur : 42 1.4 9 13 26.2 : Program States : 10,240 Nitrogen : 92 1.7 53 91 862.8 Phosphate : 67 1.1 38 43 299.2 Potash : 52 1.1 63 70 376.2 Sulfur : 42 1.3 10 13 56.3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Insufficient reports to publish fertilizer data. All Cotton: Active Ingredients and Publication Status By Program States, 2007 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Program States :----------------------------------------------------------- Active Ingredient :ALL : AL : AR : CA : GA : LA : MS : MO : NC : SC : TN : TX ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Herbicides : 2,4-D : * * * * 2,4-D, 2-EHE : P * P * P * P P * P * 2,4-D, BEE : * * 2,4-D, dimeth. salt : P P P P P P * P P * P Acetochlor : * * Alachlor : * * * Atrazine : * * Barban : P P P * * * Bromacil : * * Bromoxynil octanoate : * * Butylate : * * Carfentrazone-ethyl : P P P P P P P P P P P P Chlorimuron-ethyl : * * Clethodim : P * * * * * * Clomazone : P P Cyanazine : * * * * Desmedipham : * * * Dicamba : P * * * * Dicamba, digly. salt : P * P P P * P Dicamba, dimet. salt : P P P * * * * * Dicamba, sodium salt : P * P * Diuron : P P P P P P P P P P P P Ethalfluralin : * * Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl : * * * * Fluazifop-P-butyl : * * * * Flumiclorac-pentyl : P * * P Flumioxazin : P P P P P P P P P P P Fluometuron : P P P * P P P P P P * Fomesafen : P * P * P * Glufosinate-ammonium : P * * * * * * P Glyphosate : P P P * P P P P P P * Glyphosate amm. salt : P * * * * * Glyphosate iso. salt : P P P P P P P P P P P P Glyphosate pot. salt : * * Imazaquin, mon. salt : * * Imazethapyr, ammon. : * * Lactofen : * * Linuron : P * * * * * P * MCPP-P, DMA Salt : * * MSMA : P * * P * * * P * * Metolachlor : P P * * P * * P * * Metribuzin : * * * Napropamide : * * ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued All Cotton: Active Ingredients and Publication Status By Program States, 2007 (continued) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Program States :----------------------------------------------------------- Active Ingredient :ALL : AL : AR : CA : GA : LA : MS : MO : NC : SC : TN : TX ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Herbicides (continued) : Norflurazon : P * * * Oxyfluorfen : P P * * * Pendimethalin : P P P P P P P P P P P Phenmedipham : * * * Picloram, K salt : * * Prometryn : P P * P P P P * P P P P Propazine : * * Prosulfuron : * * Pyraflufen-ethyl : P * * P P * P P * P Pyrithiobac-sodium : P P P P P * P P P P * P Quizalofop-P-ethyl : * * * * Rimsulfuron : * * * * S-Metolachlor : P * P P P P P * P P * P Sethoxydim : P * * * * Sulfosate : P * * * * * * * * * Thifensulfuron : P * * * * Thiobencarb : * * Tribenuron-methyl : P * * * * Triclopyr : * * Trifloxysulfuron-sod : P P P * P P * P P P * Trifluralin : P P * P P * * * * P P : Insecticides : Abamectin : P * P * Acephate : P P P P P P P P P P P Acetamiprid : P * P * P P Aldicarb : P P P P P * P P P P * P Benzoic acid : * * Bifenthrin : P * * P P * * P * * P * Bt subsp. kurstaki : * * * * Buprofezin : * * * Carbaryl : * * * Carbofuran : * * * Chlorpyrifos : P * P * * Cyfluthrin : P * P P P P P P P P P * Cypermethrin : P P P P P P P P P P P Deltamethrin : * * Diazinon : * * * Dicofol : P * P * * * * Dicrotophos : P P P P P P P * * P P Diflubenzuron : * * Dimethoate : P * * P * P P * Emamectin benzoate : * * * ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued All Cotton: Active Ingredients and Publication Status By Program States, 2007 (continued) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Program States :----------------------------------------------------------- Active Ingredient :ALL : AL : AR : CA : GA : LA : MS : MO : NC : SC : TN : TX ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Insecticides (continued) : Endosulfan : * * Esfenvalerate : P P * * * * P P Ethion : * * Ethyl parathion : * * Etoxazole : P * P * * Fenpropathrin : * * * * Fenpyroximate : * * Flonicamid : P P Hexythiazonx : * * Imidacloprid : P P * P P P * P P Indoxacarb : P P * * Lambda-cyhalothrin : P * P P P P * P P P P Malathion : P * * P * * P P Methamidophos : P * * Methomyl : * * * Methyl parathion : P P * * * * Naled : * * * Novaluron : P P * P P * * * Oxamyl : P * P * P P * * * P Oxydemeton-methyl : * * Permethrin : P * * * * * * Petroleum distillate : P * * * Phorate : P * P * * * Piperonyl butoxide : * * * * Profenofos : * * * Propargite : * * * * Pyrethrins : * * * * Pyriproxyfen : P * * Spinosad : P * * * Spiromesifen : P * * Thiamethoxam : P * P P * P P P * P P Zeta-cypermethrin : P * * P * * * P * P * : Fungicides : Azoxystrobin : P * * P * * * * * * Carboxin : * * Etridiazole : P * * * * * P * Iprodione : * * * Mefenoxam : P * * * * Metalaxyl : * * PCNB : P * * * * P P * Sulfur : * * * ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued All Cotton: Active Ingredients and Publication Status By Program States, 2007 (continued) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Program States :----------------------------------------------------------- Active Ingredient :ALL : AL : AR : CA : GA : LA : MS : MO : NC : SC : TN : TX ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Other Chemicals : (3S,6R)methylisoprop : * * (3S,6S)methylisoprop : * * Alkyl. dim. benz. am : * * Bacillus cereus : P * * * P * P * P P P P Cacodylic acid : P * * * * * Capsaicin : * * Carbon : * * Cyclanilide : P P P P P P P * P * P P Cytokinins : P * * * Dichloropropene : * * Dimethipin : * * * * Endothall : P * P * Ethephon : P P P P P P P P P P P P Fluthiacet-methyl : * * Garlic oil : * * Gibberellic acid : P * * * Harpin a B protein : * * * Indolebutyric acid : P * * * Kinetin : P * * * P * P P * P Mepiquat chloride : P P P P P P P P P P P P Mepiquat pentaborate : P * * P * * P * * P Metam-potassium : * * Monocarbamide dihyd. : P P P P P P P * P * * P NAA, Ethyl ester : * * NAA, Potassium salt : * * Paraquat : P * P * P P P P * P P Sodium 5-nitroguaiac : * * Sodium chlorate : P P P P * P P * * P P P Sodium nitrate : * * Sodium o-nitrophenol : * * Sodium p-nitrophenol : * * Thidiazuron : P P P P P P P P P P P P Tribufos : P P P P P P P P P P P P Tridecen-1-YL-Acetat : * * Tridecenyl acetate : * * Trinexapac-ethyl : * * Zinc phosphide : * * ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- P Usage data are published for this active ingredient. * Usage data are not published for this active ingredient. All Cotton: Planted Acreage, Pesticide, Percent of Area Receiving Applications and Total Applied, Program States and Total, 2007 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Area Receiving and Total Applied State : Planted :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Acreage : Herbicide : Insecticide 1/ : Fungicide : Other 1/ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 Percent 1,000 Percent 1,000 Percent 1,000 Percent 1,000 : Acres lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. : : AL : 400 98 941 55 88 2/ 75 423 AR : 860 97 2,399 92 1,092 2 16 96 1,780 CA : 455 90 565 90 506 2 1 93 1,414 GA : 1,030 100 3,163 85 956 2/ 96 3,955 LA : 335 98 992 99 562 2/ 100 567 MS : 660 100 2,132 97 1,231 2 3 99 1,146 MO : 380 100 995 83 270 2/ 100 867 NC : 500 100 1,479 79 300 3 15 99 896 SC : 180 100 535 92 85 13 13 86 291 TN : 515 100 1,482 94 228 2/ 99 985 TX : 4,925 96 11,532 43 2,624 2/ 74 5,702 : Total : 10,240 97 26,214 66 7,943 1 75 85 18,025 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Total Applied excludes Bt's (Bacillus thuringiensis) and other biologicals. Quantities are not available because amounts of active ingredient are not comparable between products. 2/ Insufficient reports to publish data for pesticide class. All Cotton: Agricultural Chemical Applications, Program States, 2007 1/ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Active : Area : Appli- : Rate per : Rate per : Total Ingredient : Applied : cations : Application : Crop Year : Applied ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent Number Pounds per Acre 1,000 lbs. : : Herbicides : 2,4-D, 2-EHE : 3 1.0 0.431 0.435 127 2,4-D, dimeth. salt : 6 1.1 0.514 0.571 348 Barban : 1 1.2 0.036 0.043 5 Carfentrazone-ethyl : 10 1.1 0.017 0.019 19 Clethodim : * 1.0 0.123 0.123 4 Clomazone : * 1.0 0.088 0.088 2 Dicamba : 1 1.0 0.161 0.161 14 Dicamba, digly. salt : 4 1.0 0.213 0.218 92 Dicamba, dimet. salt : 2 1.0 0.244 0.244 51 Dicamba, sodium salt : * 1.0 0.144 0.144 7 Diuron : 26 1.1 0.440 0.499 1,325 Flumiclorac-pentyl : * 1.0 0.037 0.039 2 Flumioxazin : 6 1.2 0.058 0.068 41 Fluometuron : 4 1.0 0.715 0.733 277 Fomesafen : 2 1.2 0.243 0.281 48 Glufosinate-ammonium : 2 1.3 0.350 0.442 77 Glyphosate : 5 2.0 0.728 1.481 761 Glyphosate amm. salt : 1 1.7 0.485 0.829 85 Glyphosate iso. salt : 85 2.4 0.787 1.900 16,465 Linuron : 1 1.2 0.374 0.444 31 MSMA : 3 1.0 1.361 1.368 380 Metolachlor : 2 1.1 0.911 0.967 221 Norflurazon : * 1.0 0.757 0.757 21 Oxyfluorfen : 1 1.0 0.303 0.303 16 Pendimethalin : 17 1.0 0.838 0.849 1,451 Prometryn : 7 1.0 0.849 0.872 640 Pyraflufen-ethyl : 8 1.1 0.003 0.003 3 Pyrithiobac-sodium : 10 1.1 0.052 0.058 57 S-Metolachlor : 6 1.0 0.974 0.994 618 Sethoxydim : * 1.0 0.209 0.209 4 Sulfosate : 1 2.1 0.928 1.923 147 Thifensulfuron : * 1.0 0.008 0.008 2/ Tribenuron-methyl : * 1.0 0.004 0.004 2/ Trifloxysulfuron-sod : 3 1.1 0.006 0.007 2 Trifluralin : 29 1.1 0.836 0.921 2,763 : Insecticides : Abamectin : 3 1.1 0.006 0.007 2 Acephate : 26 2.1 0.428 0.900 2,368 Acetamiprid : 6 1.1 0.039 0.041 26 Aldicarb : 18 1.0 0.666 0.678 1,241 Bifenthrin : 3 1.6 0.070 0.111 36 Chlorpyrifos : * 1.2 0.593 0.741 18 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued All Cotton: Agricultural Chemical Applications, Program States, 2007 1/ (continued) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Active : Area : Appli- : Rate per : Rate per : Total Ingredient : Applied : cations : Application : Crop Year : Applied ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent Number -- Pounds per Acre -- 1,000 lbs. : : Insecticides (continued) : Cyfluthrin : 8 1.3 0.034 0.044 36 Cypermethrin : 7 1.3 0.058 0.073 52 Dicofol : * 1.0 0.869 0.869 44 Dicrotophos : 21 1.7 0.325 0.565 1,242 Dimethoate : 1 1.7 0.247 0.418 37 Esfenvalerate : 2 1.2 0.039 0.049 11 Etoxazole : 1 1.3 0.035 0.046 4 Flonicamid : 1 1.3 0.092 0.123 7 Imidacloprid : 6 1.6 0.044 0.071 41 Indoxacarb : 1 1.1 0.093 0.100 13 Lambda-cyhalothrin : 5 1.5 0.026 0.039 21 Malathion : 5 4.5 0.837 3.799 1,890 Methamidophos : * 1.0 0.150 0.150 4 Methyl parathion : * 1.0 0.746 0.746 31 Novaluron : 4 1.5 0.042 0.061 26 Oxamyl : 3 1.4 0.328 0.456 134 Permethrin : * 1.0 0.040 0.040 1 Petroleum distillate : * 1.4 5.521 7.888 333 Phorate : 1 1.0 0.762 0.762 45 Pyriproxyfen : * 1.4 0.051 0.070 2 Spinosad : * 1.0 0.071 0.071 1 Spiromesifen : * 1.0 0.109 0.109 4 Thiamethoxam : 11 1.6 0.025 0.039 45 Zeta-cypermethrin : 3 1.4 0.021 0.029 9 : Fungicides : Azoxystrobin : * 1.0 0.115 0.115 4 Etridiazole : 1 1.0 0.140 0.146 8 Mefenoxam : * 1.0 0.043 0.043 1 PCNB : 1 1.0 0.615 0.635 44 : Other Chemicals : Bacillus cereus 3/ : 5 1.6 Cacodylic acid : * 1.0 0.666 0.666 26 Cyclanilide : 14 1.3 0.087 0.113 165 Cytokinins : 1 1.3 4/ 4/ 2/ Endothall : * 1.0 0.118 0.118 5 Ethephon : 69 1.2 1.086 1.259 8,843 Gibberellic acid : 1 1.0 4/ 4/ 2/ Indolebutyric acid : 1 1.0 4/ 4/ 2/ Kinetin : 2 1.5 4/ 4/ 2/ Mepiquat chloride : 35 1.9 0.030 0.058 208 Mepiquat pentaborate : 4 1.6 0.066 0.106 43 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued All Cotton: Agricultural Chemical Applications, Program States, 2007 1/ (continued) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Active : Area : Appli- : Rate per : Rate per : Total Ingredient : Applied : cations : Application : Crop Year : Applied ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent Number Pounds per Acre 1,000 lbs. : : Other Chemicals (continued) : Monocarbamide dihyd. : 7 1.1 2.393 2.604 1,902 Paraquat : 19 1.1 0.372 0.397 767 Sodium chlorate : 6 1.2 1.890 2.267 1,396 Thidiazuron : 37 1.1 0.065 0.073 275 Tribufos : 29 1.1 0.675 0.743 2,227 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Area applied is less than 0.5 percent. 1/ Planted acreage in 2007 for the 11 Program States was 10.2 million acres. States included are AL, AR, CA, GA, LA, MS, MO, NC, SC, TN, and TX. 2/ Total applied is less than 500 lbs. 3/ Rates and total applied are not available because amounts of active ingredient are not comparable between products. 4/ Rate per acre is less than 0.0005 lbs. All Cotton: Agricultural Chemical Applications, Alabama, 2007 1/ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Active : Area : Appli- : Rate per : Rate per : Total Ingredient : Applied : cations : Application : Crop Year : Applied ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent Number Pounds per Acre 1,000 lbs. : : Herbicides : 2,4-D, dimeth. salt : 3 1.0 0.463 0.463 6 Carfentrazone-ethyl : 2 1.0 0.018 0.018 2/ Dicamba, dimet. salt : 7 1.0 0.421 0.421 12 Diuron : 40 1.1 0.124 0.130 21 Flumioxazin : 6 1.0 0.060 0.060 2 Fluometuron : 12 1.0 0.806 0.806 39 Glyphosate : 5 2.0 0.629 1.273 25 Glyphosate iso. salt : 83 2.4 0.866 2.039 677 Pendimethalin : 16 1.0 0.902 0.902 58 Prometryn : 9 1.0 0.661 0.661 24 Pyrithiobac-sodium : 13 1.3 0.041 0.053 3 Trifloxysulfuron-sod : 22 1.0 0.005 0.005 2/ Trifluralin : 6 1.0 0.547 0.547 14 : Insecticides : Acephate : 8 1.5 0.289 0.436 13 Aldicarb : 18 1.0 0.647 0.647 45 Cypermethrin : 12 1.2 0.052 0.065 3 Dicrotophos : 20 1.2 0.227 0.269 21 : Other Chemicals : Cyclanilide : 27 1.2 0.098 0.113 12 Ethephon : 60 1.0 0.991 1.003 239 Mepiquat chloride : 23 1.5 0.032 0.047 4 Monocarbamide dihyd. : 5 1.0 3.151 3.151 60 Sodium chlorate : 10 1.0 0.701 0.701 27 Thidiazuron : 42 1.0 0.040 0.040 7 Tribufos : 28 1.0 0.630 0.630 71 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Planted acreage in 2007 for Alabama was 400,000 acres. 2/ Total applied is less than 500 lbs. All Cotton: Agricultural Chemical Applications, Arkansas, 2007 1/ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Active : Area : Appli- : Rate per : Rate per : Total Ingredient : Applied : cations : Application : Crop Year : Applied ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent Number Pounds per Acre 1,000 lbs. : : Herbicides : 2,4-D, 2-EHE : 6 1.0 0.636 0.636 31 2,4-D, dimeth. salt : 6 1.4 0.330 0.475 24 Barban : 4 1.2 0.028 0.035 1 Carfentrazone-ethyl : 13 1.3 0.015 0.019 2 Dicamba, digly. salt : 8 1.0 0.170 0.170 12 Dicamba, dimet. salt : 14 1.0 0.236 0.236 29 Diuron : 35 1.1 0.409 0.431 130 Flumioxazin : 15 1.4 0.059 0.086 11 Fluometuron : 6 1.0 0.572 0.572 27 Glyphosate : 8 1.6 0.762 1.250 90 Glyphosate iso. salt : 90 2.9 0.730 2.110 1,640 Metolachlor : 12 1.0 0.784 0.784 78 Pendimethalin : 5 1.0 0.545 0.545 24 Pyrithiobac-sodium : 2 1.3 0.025 0.034 2/ S-Metolachlor : 20 1.0 0.919 0.919 160 Trifloxysulfuron-sod : 3 1.0 0.008 0.008 2/ : Insecticides : Acephate : 53 2.2 0.461 1.029 469 Aldicarb : 16 1.0 0.657 0.657 93 Cyfluthrin : 7 1.0 0.025 0.025 2 Cypermethrin : 11 1.6 0.043 0.071 6 Dicrotophos : 61 2.0 0.305 0.615 322 Esfenvalerate : 5 1.4 0.042 0.058 2 Imidacloprid : 9 1.5 0.037 0.056 4 Lambda-cyhalothrin : 8 1.3 0.023 0.031 2 Novaluron : 16 1.0 0.050 0.051 7 Oxamyl : 13 1.4 0.324 0.468 54 Thiamethoxam : 37 1.5 0.025 0.037 12 : Other Chemicals : Cyclanilide : 31 1.5 0.074 0.108 28 Ethephon : 88 1.6 0.801 1.259 952 Mepiquat chloride : 55 1.9 0.033 0.064 30 Monocarbamide dihyd. : 6 1.3 1.995 2.647 128 Sodium chlorate : 14 1.8 1.127 2.000 248 Thidiazuron : 57 1.1 0.056 0.062 31 Tribufos : 56 1.3 0.450 0.581 280 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Planted acreage in 2007 for Arkansas was 860,000 acres. 2/ Total applied is less than 500 lbs. All Cotton: Agricultural Chemical Applications, California, 2007 1/ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Active : Area : Appli- : Rate per : Rate per : Total Ingredient : Applied : cations : Application : Crop Year : Applied ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent Number Pounds per Acre 1,000 lbs. : : Herbicides : Barban : 6 1.0 0.077 0.077 2 Carfentrazone-ethyl : 6 1.0 0.031 0.031 1 Diuron : 65 1.3 0.035 0.045 13 Flumioxazin : 9 1.1 0.058 0.063 2 Glyphosate iso. salt : 34 2.0 0.757 1.518 235 Oxyfluorfen : 8 1.0 0.353 0.353 12 Pendimethalin : 10 1.0 0.868 0.871 40 Prometryn : 6 1.2 1.845 2.292 60 Pyraflufen-ethyl : 25 1.5 0.003 0.005 1 Pyrithiobac-sodium : 17 1.0 0.038 0.038 3 S-Metolachlor : 10 1.0 1.191 1.191 53 Trifluralin : 35 1.0 0.737 0.737 116 : Insecticides : Abamectin : 53 1.1 0.007 0.007 2 Acetamiprid : 18 1.0 0.060 0.060 5 Aldicarb : 21 1.2 1.132 1.311 124 Bifenthrin : 5 1.5 0.081 0.118 3 Cyfluthrin : 4 1.1 0.067 0.073 1 Dicofol : 6 1.0 1.078 1.078 29 Dimethoate : 3 1.0 0.281 0.281 4 Etoxazole : 13 1.1 0.038 0.042 3 Flonicamid : 13 1.3 0.092 0.123 7 Indoxacarb : 17 1.1 0.096 0.104 8 Phorate : 2 1.0 1.020 1.020 11 Thiamethoxam : 5 1.0 0.033 0.033 1 : Fungicides : Azoxystrobin : 2 1.0 0.090 0.090 1 : Other Chemicals : Cyclanilide : 9 1.0 0.097 0.097 4 Endothall : 6 1.0 0.088 0.088 2 Ethephon : 67 1.2 0.832 1.024 311 Mepiquat chloride : 44 1.5 0.042 0.061 12 Monocarbamide dihyd. : 44 1.2 2.055 2.518 503 Paraquat : 38 1.0 0.507 0.518 89 Sodium chlorate : 19 1.1 3.981 4.510 386 Thidiazuron : 66 1.2 0.067 0.081 24 Tribufos : 8 1.2 1.806 2.101 73 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Planted acreage in 2007 for California was 455,000 acres. All Cotton: Agricultural Chemical Applications, Georgia, 2007 1/ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Active : Area : Appli- : Rate per : Rate per : Total Ingredient : Applied : cations : Application : Crop Year : Applied ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent Number Pounds per Acre 1,000 lbs. : : Herbicides : 2,4-D, dimeth. salt : 14 1.2 0.520 0.637 91 Carfentrazone-ethyl : 7 1.0 0.020 0.020 1 Diuron : 33 1.2 0.552 0.666 229 Flumioxazin : 9 1.1 0.065 0.071 6 Fomesafen : 14 1.2 0.249 0.295 41 Glyphosate iso. salt : 95 2.1 0.790 1.686 1,647 MSMA : 13 1.0 1.401 1.415 191 Pendimethalin : 43 1.0 0.927 0.927 415 Prometryn : 6 1.1 0.746 0.786 48 Pyraflufen-ethyl : 14 1.0 0.002 0.002 2/ Pyrithiobac-sodium : 19 1.3 0.044 0.056 11 S-Metolachlor : 11 1.0 0.945 0.945 111 Trifluralin : 27 1.1 0.869 0.929 261 : Insecticides : Acephate : 8 1.4 0.323 0.458 38 Aldicarb : 60 1.0 0.688 0.689 425 Bifenthrin : 13 1.7 0.069 0.119 16 Cyfluthrin : 13 1.2 0.038 0.047 7 Cypermethrin : 9 1.2 0.073 0.089 8 Dicrotophos : 41 1.8 0.415 0.735 310 Lambda-cyhalothrin : 6 1.5 0.026 0.040 2 Methyl parathion : 3 1.0 0.938 0.938 27 Zeta-cypermethrin : 5 1.6 0.019 0.031 2 : Other Chemicals : Bacillus cereus 3/ : 7 2.2 Cyclanilide : 39 1.5 0.080 0.119 47 Ethephon : 79 1.1 1.347 1.487 1,216 Mepiquat chloride : 62 1.8 0.030 0.054 35 Monocarbamide dihyd. : 6 1.0 3.648 3.648 226 Thidiazuron : 50 1.0 0.071 0.072 37 Tribufos : 41 1.0 0.590 0.590 246 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Planted acreage in 2007 for Georgia was 1.0 million acres. 2/ Total applied is less than 500 lbs. 3/ Rates and total applied are not available because amounts of active ingredient are not comparable between products. All Cotton: Agricultural Chemical Applications, Louisiana, 2007 1/ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Active : Area : Appli- : Rate per : Rate per : Total Ingredient : Applied : cations : Application : Crop Year : Applied ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent Number -- Pounds per Acre -- 1,000 lbs. : : Herbicides : 2,4-D, 2-EHE : 12 1.1 0.424 0.451 18 2,4-D, dimeth. salt : 24 1.0 0.614 0.614 49 Carfentrazone-ethyl : 18 1.0 0.012 0.012 1 Diuron : 37 1.1 0.813 0.900 110 Flumioxazin : 4 1.0 0.050 0.050 1 Fluometuron : 5 1.1 0.613 0.685 11 Glyphosate : 27 2.3 0.809 1.843 168 Glyphosate iso. salt : 69 2.8 0.754 2.086 480 Prometryn : 2 1.0 0.592 0.592 5 S-Metolachlor : 23 1.0 0.919 0.928 73 Trifloxysulfuron-sod : 6 1.0 0.006 0.006 2/ : Insecticides : Acephate : 76 2.1 0.595 1.263 321 Chlorpyrifos : 3 1.5 0.671 1.031 12 Cyfluthrin : 21 1.3 0.028 0.036 2 Cypermethrin : 32 1.1 0.057 0.061 7 Dicrotophos : 55 1.6 0.361 0.574 106 Dimethoate : 10 2.4 0.231 0.559 19 Imidacloprid : 21 1.8 0.053 0.098 7 Lambda-cyhalothrin : 17 1.2 0.018 0.021 1 Malathion : 10 1.5 0.851 1.234 41 Novaluron : 27 1.3 0.038 0.049 4 Oxamyl : 15 1.3 0.277 0.355 18 Thiamethoxam : 34 1.6 0.031 0.050 6 : Other Chemicals : Cyclanilide : 11 1.9 0.043 0.080 3 Ethephon : 87 1.2 0.809 0.978 284 Kinetin : 5 2.2 3/ 3/ 2/ Mepiquat chloride : 63 2.4 0.031 0.074 16 Mepiquat pentaborate : 3 2.2 0.117 0.259 2 Monocarbamide dihyd. : 3 1.3 1.831 2.455 26 Paraquat : 4 1.0 0.401 0.401 5 Sodium chlorate : 15 1.2 1.292 1.490 76 Thidiazuron : 90 1.2 0.064 0.074 22 Tribufos : 51 1.1 0.694 0.766 131 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Planted acreage in 2007 for Louisiana was 335,000 acres. 2/ Total applied is less than 500 lbs. 3/ Rate per acre is less than 0.0005 lbs. All Cotton: Agricultural Chemical Applications, Mississippi, 2007 1/ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Active : Area : Appli- : Rate per : Rate per : Total Ingredient : Applied : cations : Application : Crop Year : Applied ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent Number Pounds per Acre 1,000 lbs. : : Herbicides : 2,4-D, dimeth. salt : 27 1.0 0.519 0.519 91 Carfentrazone-ethyl : 12 1.0 0.018 0.018 1 Dicamba, digly. salt : 6 1.0 0.129 0.129 5 Diuron : 36 1.1 0.613 0.702 166 Flumioxazin : 16 1.3 0.049 0.062 7 Fluometuron : 3 1.3 0.611 0.820 18 Glyphosate : 10 3.9 0.629 2.480 165 Glyphosate iso. salt : 90 3.2 0.793 2.519 1,489 Metolachlor : 2 1.4 0.906 1.262 21 Pendimethalin : 8 1.0 0.508 0.508 26 Prometryn : 4 1.0 0.775 0.775 21 Pyrithiobac-sodium : 7 1.2 0.030 0.037 2 S-Metolachlor : 4 1.4 1.025 1.485 36 Trifloxysulfuron-sod : 4 1.1 0.006 0.007 2/ : Insecticides : Acephate : 74 3.3 0.539 1.754 862 Acetamiprid : 2 2.7 0.034 0.090 1 Aldicarb : 6 1.0 0.566 0.566 22 Cyfluthrin : 17 1.8 0.028 0.049 5 Cypermethrin : 21 1.5 0.049 0.075 11 Dicrotophos : 57 2.0 0.331 0.654 246 Dimethoate : 4 1.5 0.262 0.385 9 Imidacloprid : 17 2.1 0.039 0.084 10 Lambda-cyhalothrin : 19 1.9 0.025 0.047 6 Novaluron : 22 2.0 0.038 0.076 11 Oxamyl : 6 1.1 0.189 0.217 8 Thiamethoxam : 44 2.2 0.023 0.050 15 : Other Chemicals : Bacillus cereus 3/ : 7 3.6 Cyclanilide : 20 1.2 0.096 0.116 16 Ethephon : 85 1.2 1.118 1.288 721 Mepiquat chloride : 54 2.9 0.030 0.086 31 Monocarbamide dihyd. : 1 1.0 2.627 2.627 13 Paraquat : 5 1.1 0.290 0.318 9 Sodium chlorate : 5 1.2 2.756 3.402 111 Thidiazuron : 92 1.1 0.072 0.076 46 Tribufos : 50 1.1 0.513 0.585 194 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Planted acreage in 2007 for Mississippi was 660,000 acres. 2/ Total applied is less than 500 lbs. 3/ Rates and total applied are not available because amounts of active ingredient are not comparable between products. All Cotton: Agricultural Chemical Applications, Missouri, 2007 1/ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Active : Area : Appli- : Rate per : Rate per : Total Ingredient : Applied : cations : Application : Crop Year : Applied ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent Number Pounds per Acre 1,000 lbs. : : Herbicides : 2,4-D, 2-EHE : 5 1.0 0.787 0.787 14 Carfentrazone-ethyl : 8 1.5 0.009 0.013 2/ Dicamba, digly. salt : 11 1.0 0.295 0.295 13 Dicamba, sodium salt : 7 1.0 0.163 0.163 4 Diuron : 17 1.3 0.427 0.564 36 Flumioxazin : 6 1.0 0.064 0.064 1 Fluometuron : 5 1.0 0.371 0.371 7 Glyphosate : 9 1.7 0.985 1.651 58 Glyphosate iso. salt : 95 2.7 0.811 2.218 804 Pendimethalin : 9 1.0 0.729 0.729 26 Pyrithiobac-sodium : 6 1.1 0.030 0.034 1 : Insecticides : Acephate : 53 2.0 0.380 0.767 156 Aldicarb : 17 1.1 0.665 0.702 46 Bifenthrin : 15 1.8 0.081 0.145 8 Cyfluthrin : 9 1.1 0.033 0.037 1 Cypermethrin : 15 1.0 0.028 0.028 2 Dicrotophos : 19 1.3 0.295 0.385 27 Imidacloprid : 31 1.8 0.041 0.074 9 Thiamethoxam : 14 1.1 0.022 0.025 1 : Other Chemicals : Ethephon : 94 1.3 1.348 1.701 608 Mepiquat chloride : 59 2.2 0.033 0.072 16 Paraquat : 7 1.0 0.160 0.160 4 Thidiazuron : 73 1.1 0.065 0.074 21 Tribufos : 50 1.2 0.710 0.876 168 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Planted acreage in 2007 for Missouri was 380,000 acres. 2/ Total applied is less than 500 lbs. All Cotton: Agricultural Chemical Applications, North Carolina, 2007 1/ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Active : Area : Appli- : Rate per : Rate per : Total Ingredient : Applied : cations : Application : Crop Year : Applied ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent Number -- Pounds per Acre -- 1,000 lbs. : : Herbicides : 2,4-D, 2-EHE : 2 1.0 0.226 0.226 2 2,4-D, dimeth. salt : 8 1.0 0.606 0.606 25 Carfentrazone-ethyl : 12 1.1 0.015 0.018 1 Diuron : 25 1.1 0.521 0.563 71 Flumiclorac-pentyl : 10 1.0 0.038 0.039 2 Flumioxazin : 8 1.0 0.044 0.044 2 Fluometuron : 12 1.0 0.758 0.758 47 Glyphosate : 15 2.0 0.766 1.517 118 Glyphosate iso. salt : 89 2.5 0.738 1.871 833 Linuron : 1 1.0 0.481 0.481 3 MSMA : 19 1.0 1.410 1.410 132 Pendimethalin : 19 1.0 0.624 0.636 62 Prometryn : 26 1.0 0.843 0.843 110 Pyraflufen-ethyl : 7 1.0 0.003 0.003 2/ Pyrithiobac-sodium : 15 1.0 0.064 0.064 5 S-Metolachlor : 12 1.0 0.890 0.890 54 Trifloxysulfuron-sod : 17 1.1 0.006 0.007 1 : Insecticides : Acephate : 39 1.3 0.481 0.619 122 Aldicarb : 35 1.0 0.756 0.756 132 Cyfluthrin : 18 1.0 0.033 0.033 3 Cypermethrin : 4 1.0 0.108 0.108 2 Lambda-cyhalothrin : 17 1.6 0.028 0.044 4 Zeta-cypermethrin : 13 1.4 0.022 0.031 2 : Fungicides : PCNB : 2 1.0 1.094 1.094 14 : Other Chemicals : Bacillus cereus 3/ : 10 1.2 Cyclanilide : 40 1.1 0.133 0.147 29 Ethephon : 87 1.0 1.194 1.206 522 Kinetin : 3 1.2 4/ 4/ 2/ Mepiquat chloride : 53 1.5 0.029 0.043 12 Mepiquat pentaborate : 3 1.2 0.069 0.085 1 Monocarbamide dihyd. : 15 1.0 2.913 2.913 219 Paraquat : 4 1.0 0.451 0.451 8 Thidiazuron : 49 1.0 0.069 0.070 17 Tribufos : 29 1.0 0.530 0.537 77 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Planted acreage in 2007 for North Carolina was 500,000 acres. 2/ Total applied is less than 500 lbs. 3/ Rates and total applied are not available because amounts of active ingredient are not comparable between products. 4/ Rate per acre is less than 0.0005 lbs. All Cotton: Agricultural Chemical Applications, South Carolina, 2007 1/ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Active : Area : Appli- : Rate per : Rate per : Total Ingredient : Applied : cations : Application : Crop Year : Applied ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent Number -- Pounds per Acre -- 1,000 lbs. : : Herbicides : 2,4-D, dimeth. salt : 13 1.0 0.438 0.456 11 Carfentrazone-ethyl : 14 1.3 0.012 0.015 2/ Diuron : 12 1.5 0.337 0.494 11 Flumioxazin : 22 1.1 0.065 0.072 3 Fluometuron : 21 1.0 0.896 0.896 34 Fomesafen : 12 1.0 0.214 0.214 4 Glyphosate : 10 1.0 0.698 0.723 13 Glyphosate iso. salt : 90 2.7 0.734 1.998 325 Metolachlor : 15 1.2 1.020 1.197 33 Pendimethalin : 19 1.0 0.567 0.583 20 Prometryn : 20 1.2 0.857 1.017 36 Pyraflufen-ethyl : 4 1.5 0.002 0.003 2/ Pyrithiobac-sodium : 21 1.1 0.057 0.061 2 S-Metolachlor : 12 1.0 0.910 0.952 20 Trifloxysulfuron-sod : 14 1.0 0.006 0.006 2/ Trifluralin : 8 1.0 0.635 0.635 9 : Insecticides : Acephate : 17 1.0 0.276 0.284 9 Aldicarb : 51 1.0 0.685 0.718 66 Cyfluthrin : 45 1.6 0.033 0.053 4 Cypermethrin : 13 1.5 0.077 0.114 3 Lambda-cyhalothrin : 20 1.4 0.031 0.043 2 : Fungicides : Etridiazole : 13 1.0 0.107 0.107 2 PCNB : 13 1.0 0.431 0.431 10 : Other Chemicals : Bacillus cereus 3/ : 15 2.1 Ethephon : 62 1.0 1.127 1.176 131 Kinetin : 10 1.0 4/ 4/ 2/ Mepiquat chloride : 46 1.5 0.028 0.042 3 Sodium chlorate : 10 1.0 1.205 1.205 21 Thidiazuron : 26 1.0 0.067 0.067 3 Tribufos : 40 1.1 0.814 0.886 64 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Planted acreage in 2007 for South Carolina was 180,000 acres. 2/ Total applied is less than 500 lbs. 3/ Rates and total applied are not available because amounts of active ingredient are not comparable between products. 4/ Rate per acre is less than 0.0005 lbs. All Cotton: Agricultural Chemical Applications, Tennessee, 2007 1/ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Active : Area : Appli- : Rate per : Rate per : Total Ingredient : Applied : cations : Application : Crop Year : Applied ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent Number Pounds per Acre 1,000 lbs. : : Herbicides : 2,4-D, 2-EHE : 8 1.0 0.336 0.336 13 Carfentrazone-ethyl : 13 1.0 0.014 0.014 1 Clomazone : 4 1.0 0.088 0.088 2 Dicamba, digly. salt : 47 1.0 0.226 0.235 57 Diuron : 33 1.2 0.213 0.253 43 Flumioxazin : 17 1.1 0.061 0.064 6 Fluometuron : 9 1.0 0.812 0.812 37 Glyphosate : 4 2.2 0.709 1.534 28 Glyphosate iso. salt : 94 2.7 0.851 2.307 1,115 Pendimethalin : 8 1.1 0.830 0.941 40 Prometryn : 7 1.0 0.881 0.921 35 Trifloxysulfuron-sod : 7 1.0 0.006 0.006 2/ : Insecticides : Acephate : 35 1.3 0.295 0.370 67 Bifenthrin : 4 1.1 0.070 0.075 1 Cyfluthrin : 23 1.2 0.046 0.056 7 Cypermethrin : 8 1.2 0.073 0.088 3 Dicrotophos : 30 1.2 0.310 0.364 57 Esfenvalerate : 15 1.4 0.042 0.058 4 Imidacloprid : 18 1.2 0.042 0.052 5 Lambda-cyhalothrin : 7 1.8 0.034 0.060 2 Malathion : 8 1.8 0.758 1.342 57 Thiamethoxam : 31 1.2 0.021 0.025 4 Zeta-cypermethrin : 12 1.2 0.021 0.026 2 : Other Chemicals : Bacillus cereus 3/ : 13 1.7 Cyclanilide : 6 1.1 0.111 0.120 4 Ethephon : 79 1.1 1.311 1.466 597 Mepiquat chloride : 57 1.6 0.038 0.060 17 Paraquat : 14 1.0 0.493 0.493 34 Sodium chlorate : 17 1.0 2.103 2.103 188 Thidiazuron : 34 1.1 0.043 0.050 9 Tribufos : 61 1.0 0.368 0.373 118 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Planted acreage in 2007 for Tennessee was 515,000 acres. 2/ Total applied is less than 500 lbs. 3/ Rates and total applied are not available because amounts of active ingredient are not comparable between products. All Cotton: Agricultural Chemical Applications, Texas, 2007 1/ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Active : Area : Appli- : Rate per : Rate per : Total Ingredient : Applied : cations : Application : Crop Year : Applied ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent Number -- Pounds per Acre -- 1,000 lbs. : : Herbicides : 2,4-D, dimeth. salt : 1 1.2 0.578 0.681 44 Carfentrazone-ethyl : 9 1.0 0.020 0.020 9 Diuron : 16 1.1 0.565 0.611 494 Glufosinate-ammonium : 3 1.3 0.347 0.446 65 Glyphosate iso. salt : 84 2.2 0.792 1.740 7,220 Pendimethalin : 17 1.0 0.860 0.875 739 Prometryn : 7 1.0 0.840 0.840 279 Pyraflufen-ethyl : 10 1.0 0.003 0.003 2 Pyrithiobac-sodium : 9 1.0 0.064 0.065 28 S-Metolachlor : 2 1.0 1.120 1.120 99 Trifluralin : 50 1.1 0.846 0.943 2,330 : Insecticides : Acephate : 14 1.8 0.242 0.443 311 Acetamiprid : 10 1.0 0.034 0.035 18 Aldicarb : 10 1.0 0.519 0.528 264 Cypermethrin : 2 1.0 0.076 0.076 8 Dicrotophos : 7 1.6 0.250 0.408 143 Esfenvalerate : 1 1.0 0.030 0.030 2 Imidacloprid : 2 1.2 0.051 0.061 5 Lambda-cyhalothrin : 1 1.1 0.019 0.020 1 Malathion : 8 5.4 0.839 4.495 1,695 Oxamyl : 1 1.6 0.319 0.524 31 Thiamethoxam : 4 1.2 0.030 0.036 6 : Other Chemicals : Bacillus cereus 2/ : 3 1.1 Cyclanilide : 5 1.1 0.081 0.089 20 Ethephon : 56 1.1 1.095 1.187 3,261 Kinetin : 1 1.2 3/ 3/ 4/ Mepiquat chloride : 16 1.7 0.024 0.040 31 Mepiquat pentaborate : 7 1.6 0.064 0.104 34 Monocarbamide dihyd. : 5 1.0 2.224 2.224 600 Paraquat : 32 1.1 0.353 0.381 597 Sodium chlorate : 3 1.0 1.981 1.981 291 Thidiazuron : 13 1.3 0.071 0.092 58 Tribufos : 15 1.0 1.060 1.109 804 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Planted acreage in 2007 for Texas was 4.9 million acres. 2/ Rates and total applied are not available because amounts of active ingredient are not comparable between products. 3/ Rate per acre is less than 0.0005 lbs. 4/ Total applied is less than 500 lbs. Apples: Fertilizer Use by State, 2007 Percent of Acres Treated and Total Applied ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Percent of Acres Treated and Total Applied State : Bearing :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Acreage : Nitrogen : Phosphate : Potash : Sulfur ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Acres Percent 1,000 lbs. Percent 1,000 lbs. Percent 1,000 lbs. Percent 1,000 lbs. : CA : 20,500 41 704.0 10 54.6 14 82.2 1/ MI : 35,000 58 941.5 25 294.1 51 1,122.6 6 36.1 NY : 42,000 79 1,047.5 25 198.3 72 3,027.0 17 168.6 NC : 6,800 56 267.2 53 297.1 54 300.7 1/ OR : 4,200 66 136.8 41 73.7 40 60.2 24 27.7 PA : 21,500 45 287.0 29 182.2 29 234.5 1/ WA : 158,000 81 7,477.9 22 1,345.8 22 1,499.7 15 717.3 : US : 288,000 71 10,861.8 24 2,445.8 34 6,327.0 12 962.1 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Insufficient reports to publish data for the fertilizer primary nutrient. Apples: Fertilizer Primary Nutrient Applications, Program States and Total, 2007 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Primary : Bearing : Area : Appli- : Rate per : Rate per : Total Nutrient : Acreage : Applied : cations :Application : Crop Year : Applied ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Acres Percent Number Pounds per Acre 1,000 lbs. : : : California : 20,500 Nitrogen : 41 1.6 51 83 704.0 Phosphate : 10 1.4 19 27 54.6 Potash : 14 1.2 25 29 82.2 Sulfur 1/ : : Michigan : 35,000 Nitrogen : 58 1.9 24 46 941.5 Phosphate : 25 2.2 15 33 294.1 Potash : 51 1.9 33 63 1,122.6 Sulfur : 6 1.8 10 18 36.1 : New York : 42,000 Nitrogen : 79 1.2 26 32 1,047.5 Phosphate : 25 1.0 19 19 198.3 Potash : 72 1.1 92 100 3,027.0 Sulfur : 17 1.0 24 24 168.6 : North Carolina : 6,800 Nitrogen : 56 1.1 64 70 267.2 Phosphate : 53 1.1 77 83 297.1 Potash : 54 1.1 76 82 300.7 Sulfur 1/ : : Oregon : 4,200 Nitrogen : 66 2.2 22 49 136.8 Phosphate : 41 2.5 17 42 73.7 Potash : 40 2.2 16 36 60.2 Sulfur : 24 1.1 26 28 27.7 : Pennsylvania : 21,500 Nitrogen : 45 1.2 25 30 287.0 Phosphate : 29 1.1 27 29 182.2 Potash : 29 1.1 35 38 234.5 Sulfur 1/ : : Washington : 158,000 Nitrogen : 81 1.6 38 59 7,477.9 Phosphate : 22 1.5 25 38 1,345.8 Potash : 22 1.4 30 43 1,499.7 Sulfur : 15 1.1 28 30 717.3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Apples: Fertilizer Primary Nutrient Applications, Program States and Total, 2007 (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Primary : Bearing : Area : Appli- : Rate per : Rate per : Total Nutrient : Acreage : Applied : cations :Application : Crop Year : Applied ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Acres Percent Number Pounds per Acre 1,000 lbs. : : : Program States : 288,000 Nitrogen : 71 1.5 35 53 10,861.8 Phosphate : 24 1.5 24 36 2,445.8 Potash : 34 1.4 47 65 6,327.0 Sulfur : 12 1.1 25 27 962.1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Insufficient reports to publish fertilizer data. Apples: Active Ingredients and Publication Status By Program States, 2007 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Program States :--------------------------------------- Active Ingredient :ALL : CA : MI : NY : NC : OR : PA : WA -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Herbicides : 2,4-D : P * * 2,4-D, dieth. salt : * * * 2,4-D, dimeth. salt : P P P P P P P Atrazine : * * Carfentrazone-ethyl : P * * * * Dichlobenil : * * Diuron : P P P * P P * Flumioxazin : P * * * P Glufosinate-ammonium : P * * * * Glyphosate : * * * * Glyphosate amm. salt : * * Glyphosate iso. salt : P P P P P P P P Metolachlor : * * Nicosulfuron : * * Norflurazon : P * * * * * P Oryzalin : P * * * P P Oxyfluorfen : P * * * * * Paraquat : P * P P * P P P Pendimethalin : P * P P P * Pronamide : * * Sethoxydim : * * * Simazine : P * P P * P P P Terbacil : P P * * P Trifluralin : * * * : Insecticides : Abamectin : P P * P P * Acetamiprid : P * P * P P P P Azadirachtin : P * * P Azinphos-methyl : P P P P P P P P Beauveria bassiana : * * Benzoic acid : P * P P P * P P Beta-cyfluthrin : P * * Bifenazate : P * * P * * Bifenthrin : * * Bt subsp israelensis : * * * Bt subsp. aizawai : * * Bt subsp. kurstaki : P * P P * P P Bt. (Berliner) : * * Buprofezin : * * * Carbaryl : P P P P P P P P Chlorpyrifos : P P P P P P P P Clofentezine : P * * * * -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Apples: Active Ingredients and Publication Status By Program States, 2007 (continued) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Program States :--------------------------------------- Active Ingredient :ALL : CA : MI : NY : NC : OR : PA : WA -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Insecticides (continued) : Clothianidin : * * Cyd-X Granulo. Virus : P * P * * P * P Cyfluthrin : P P P P Deltamethrin : * * Diazinon : P P * * * P P Dicofol : * * Dimethoate : P * * * * * Emamectin benzoate : P P P * * P Endosulfan : P * P P * P P Esfenvalerate : P * P P P * P Ethion : P * P * Etoxazole : P P P * * P * Fenbutatin-oxide : * * * * Fenpropathrin : P P P P P P Fenpyroximate : P P * * Flonicamid : P * * Flucythrinate : * * Formetanate hydro. : P * * Gamma-cyhalothrin : P P P P Hexythiazonx : P * P * * P Imidacloprid : P * P P * P P P Indoxacarb : P P * * Kaolin : P P * P P * P Lambda-cyhalothrin : P * P P * P P Lindane : * * Malathion : P * * * * Methidathion : * * * Methomyl : P P * * P Methoxychlor : * * Naled : * * Neem oil, clar. hyd. : * * * Novaluron : P * P * P P P Octacide-264 : * * Oxamyl : P * * P Permethrin : P P * P * Petroleum distillate : P P P P P P P P Petroleum oil : P P P * P * Phorate : * * Phosmet : P P P P P P P P Piperonyl butoxide : * * * * Potassium salts : * * * Propargite : * * Pyrethrins : P * * * * * * -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Apples: Active Ingredients and Publication Status By Program States, 2007 (continued) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Program States :--------------------------------------- Active Ingredient :ALL : CA : MI : NY : NC : OR : PA : WA -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Insecticides (continued) : Pyridaben : P P P * * P P Pyriproxyfen : P * * * * * P Rotenone : * * Ryania : * * Silicon dioxide : * * Soybean oil : * * Spinosad : P * P P * P P Thiacloprid : P P P P P P P Thiamethoxam : P * P * * * Trichlorfon : * * : Fungicides : Bacillus pumilus : P * * P Bacillus subtilus : P * P * * * P Basic copper sulfate : P P P P * P * Benomyl : * * * Boscalid : P * * P P P P P Butanone : * * Calcium polysulfide : P P P * * P * P Captan : P * P P P P P * Chlorothalonil : P * * P Copper chloride hyd. : * * Copper hydroxide : P * P P P P P * Copper octanoate : * * Copper oxide : P * P * Copper oxychlo. sul. : P P P P P Copper oxychloride : P P * * P Copper sulfate : P P P * P * Cyprodinil : P P * P P * Dodine : P * P P P P * Fenarimol : P * P P P * P P Fenbuconazole : P * * Ferbam : * * Flutolanil : * * Fosetyl-al : P * * * Kresoxim-methyl : P P P P P P P Mancozeb : P P P P P P P P Maneb : * * * Mefenoxam : * * Metalaxyl : * * Metiram : P P * P * P Myclobutanil : P P P P P P P P Oxytetracycline : P P P P -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Apples: Active Ingredients and Publication Status By Program States, 2007 (continued) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Program States :--------------------------------------- Active Ingredient :ALL : CA : MI : NY : NC : OR : PA : WA -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Fungicides (continued) : Phosphorous acid : * * Potassium bicarbon. : P * * P * P Propiconazole : * * * * * Pseudo. fluores A506 : * * * Pyraclostrobin : P * * P P P P P Pyrimethanil : P P * * Quinoline : * * Streptomycin : P P P P P * P * Streptomycin sulfate : P * P P P * Sulfur : P * P P P P * P Thiophanate : * * Thiophanate-methyl : P P P P P P P Thiram : P * * P Triadimefon : P P * * * P Trifloxystrobin : P P P P P P P P Triflumizole : P * P * P Vinclozolin : * * Ziram : P * P P P * P P : Other Chemicals : Acequinocyl : * * Benzyladenine : P * P P * P P P Butenoic Acid Hydro. : P * P * P P Chlorophacinone : P P P P Cholecalciferol : * * Cytokinins : P P P Dodecadien-1-ol : P P * * P P P Dodecanol : P P P P E-8-Dodecenyl acetat : * * * * Ethephon : P * * P P Gibberellic acid : P P * * P P Gibberellins A4A7 : P * P * * P P P Hydrogen peroxide : * * * Metam-potassium : * * Mineral oil : P P NAA : P * * * P P NAA, Ammonium salt : * * * * NAA, Potassium salt : P * P * P * P NAA, Sodium : P P P * * P * NAD : P * * P NRRL B-21856 : * * Octadecadien (E,Z) : P * P * Octadecadien (Z,Z) : P * P * -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Apples: Active Ingredients and Publication Status By Program States, 2007 (continued) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Program States :--------------------------------------- Active Ingredient :ALL : CA : MI : NY : NC : OR : PA : WA -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Other Chemicals (continued) : Prohexadione calcium : P P P * * P P Spirodiclofen : P P P P P Strychnine : * * Tetradecanol : P P P P Tetradecen-1-OL (Z) : * * * Warfarin : P P Z-8-Dodecanol : * * * * Z-8-Dodecen acetate : * * * * Zinc phosphide : P * P * P * -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- P Usage data are published for this active ingredient. * Usage data are not published for this active ingredient. Apples: Bearing Acreage, Pesticide, Percent of Area Receiving Applications and Total Applied, Program States and Total, 2007 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Area Receiving and Total Applied State : Bearing :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Acreage : Herbicide : Insecticide 1/ : Fungicide 1/ : Other 1/ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Acres Percent 1,000 Percent 1,000 Percent 1,000 Percent 1,000 : lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. : : CA : 20,500 35 14.2 74 537.1 67 212.1 29 0.3 MI : 35,000 58 51.1 99 329.9 100 874.9 67 5.0 NY : 42,000 73 72.2 100 408.3 100 1,154.8 49 2.5 NC : 6,800 21 3.8 97 254.5 98 202.0 OR : 4,200 70 10.1 95 146.9 84 60.7 67 1.0 PA : 21,500 84 30.7 98 235.2 97 307.6 70 4.2 WA : 158,000 61 305.1 99 5,611.2 89 1,891.3 75 148.7 : Total : 288,000 61 487.2 97 7,523.2 91 4,703.4 65 161.8 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Total Applied excludes Bt's (Bacillus thuringiensis) and other biologicals. Quantities are not available because amounts of active ingredient are not comparable between products. Apples: Agricultural Chemical Applications, Program States, 2007 1/ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Active : Area : Appli- : Rate per : Rate per : Total Ingredient : Applied : cations : Application : Crop Year : Applied ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent Number Pounds per Acre 1,000 lbs. : : Herbicides : 2,4-D : 1 1.2 0.454 0.523 1.0 2,4-D, dimeth. salt : 8 1.3 0.977 1.280 29.7 Carfentrazone-ethyl : 1 1.2 0.026 0.031 0.1 Diuron : 6 1.1 1.484 1.688 31.0 Flumioxazin : * 1.1 0.232 0.245 0.3 Glufosinate-ammonium : 1 1.9 0.743 1.422 4.0 Glyphosate iso. salt : 45 1.6 1.193 1.925 250.5 Norflurazon : 5 1.4 1.575 2.186 28.5 Oryzalin : 2 1.0 2.099 2.098 11.0 Oxyfluorfen : 1 1.0 1.121 1.126 3.6 Paraquat : 12 1.2 1.194 1.440 49.7 Pendimethalin : 3 1.4 1.443 2.055 16.9 Simazine : 10 1.3 1.421 1.843 52.1 Terbacil : 1 1.0 0.826 0.826 2.0 : Insecticides : Abamectin : 2 1.2 0.010 0.012 0.1 Acetamiprid : 37 1.7 0.147 0.254 27.0 Azadirachtin : * 2.8 0.021 0.059 2/ Azinphos-methyl : 62 2.5 0.832 2.045 363.3 Benzoic acid : 19 1.4 0.197 0.273 15.2 Beta-cyfluthrin : * 1.3 0.018 0.023 2/ Bifenazate : 1 1.0 0.449 0.449 1.3 Bt subsp. kurstaki 3/ : 10 1.8 Carbaryl : 52 1.4 1.115 1.566 233.8 Chlorpyrifos : 59 1.2 1.502 1.732 292.2 Clofentezine : 1 1.0 0.207 0.208 0.6 Cyd-X Granulo. Virus 3/ : 10 2.6 Cyfluthrin : 1 1.1 0.032 0.034 0.1 Diazinon : 8 1.4 1.504 2.078 50.1 Dimethoate : * 1.6 1.132 1.854 1.8 Emamectin benzoate : 16 1.2 0.013 0.016 0.7 Endosulfan : 9 1.2 1.458 1.723 43.3 Esfenvalerate : 10 1.5 0.044 0.064 1.9 Ethion : * 1.9 0.220 0.413 0.4 Etoxazole : 3 1.0 0.085 0.088 0.7 Fenpropathrin : 12 1.6 0.258 0.402 14.3 Fenpyroximate : 7 1.1 0.086 0.091 1.9 Flonicamid : * 1.6 0.086 0.139 0.2 Formetanate hydro. : 3 1.0 0.766 0.766 6.7 Gamma-cyhalothrin : 5 2.0 0.015 0.030 0.4 Hexythiazonx : 3 1.1 0.125 0.133 1.0 Imidacloprid : 25 1.5 0.086 0.128 9.3 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Apples: Agricultural Chemical Applications, Program States, 2007 1/ (continued) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Active : Area : Appli- : Rate per : Rate per : Total Ingredient : Applied : cations : Application : Crop Year : Applied ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent Number -- Pounds per Acre -- 1,000 lbs. : : Insecticides (continued) : Indoxacarb : 4 1.4 0.090 0.129 1.3 Kaolin : 3 2.3 33.500 75.830 593.5 Lambda-cyhalothrin : 10 1.5 0.031 0.048 1.4 Malathion : * 1.5 2.695 4.172 1.2 Methomyl : 4 1.8 0.526 0.943 9.5 Novaluron : 15 1.5 0.163 0.238 10.6 Oxamyl : * 1.3 0.211 0.269 0.2 Permethrin : 1 1.4 0.170 0.242 1.0 Petroleum distillate : 58 1.8 17.808 31.410 5,281.8 Petroleum oil : 4 1.5 14.180 20.719 262.0 Phosmet : 25 2.2 1.609 3.561 255.0 Pyrethrins : * 1.1 0.128 0.147 0.1 Pyridaben : 7 1.1 0.248 0.262 5.6 Pyriproxyfen : 2 1.0 0.098 0.099 0.5 Spinosad : 24 1.4 0.104 0.146 10.1 Thiacloprid : 8 1.5 0.167 0.258 5.7 Thiamethoxam : 8 1.0 0.121 0.126 2.8 : Fungicides : Bacillus pumilus 3/ : 4 2.5 Bacillus subtilus 3/ : 1 1.3 Basic copper sulfate : 3 1.2 1.239 1.523 13.3 Boscalid : 14 1.4 0.014 0.020 0.8 Calcium polysulfide : 18 1.5 16.190 23.579 1,223.6 Captan : 34 5.2 1.988 10.274 1,005.5 Chlorothalonil : * 1.2 1.303 1.537 1.2 Copper hydroxide : 7 1.3 2.617 3.361 66.8 Copper oxide : 1 1.0 3.777 3.963 8.6 Copper oxychlo. sul. : 2 1.5 1.529 2.264 13.3 Copper oxychloride : 2 1.0 2.526 2.626 13.3 Copper sulfate : 2 1.6 0.789 1.257 6.0 Cyprodinil : 4 1.5 0.183 0.276 3.4 Dodine : 3 1.5 0.800 1.223 9.4 Fenarimol : 13 1.4 0.067 0.091 3.5 Fenbuconazole : * 1.7 0.061 0.103 0.1 Fosetyl-al : 1 1.0 2.443 2.456 7.2 Kresoxim-methyl : 13 1.7 0.111 0.190 7.0 Mancozeb : 37 2.7 2.676 7.309 769.8 Metiram : 7 3.1 2.586 8.078 172.7 Myclobutanil : 36 1.5 0.128 0.191 19.5 Oxytetracycline : 7 1.2 0.171 0.207 4.3 Potassium bicarbon. : 1 1.2 2.397 2.798 9.2 Pyraclostrobin : 14 1.4 0.001 0.001 2/ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Apples: Agricultural Chemical Applications, Program States, 2007 1/ (continued) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Active : Area : Appli- : Rate per : Rate per : Total Ingredient : Applied : cations : Application : Crop Year : Applied ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent Number -- Pounds per Acre -- 1,000 lbs. : : Fungicides (continued) : Pyrimethanil : 3 1.3 0.239 0.323 3.0 Streptomycin : 9 1.6 0.173 0.273 6.7 Streptomycin sulfate : 3 1.8 0.281 0.511 3.9 Sulfur : 26 2.2 6.290 13.630 1,034.1 Thiophanate-methyl : 18 2.5 0.375 0.939 49.8 Thiram : * 2.6 4.592 11.709 5.6 Triadimefon : 4 1.6 0.131 0.207 2.6 Trifloxystrobin : 20 1.6 0.066 0.103 6.0 Triflumizole : 21 1.7 0.276 0.465 27.9 Ziram : 11 2.0 3.009 6.100 195.7 : Other Chemicals : Benzyladenine : 23 1.3 0.034 0.043 2.9 Butenoic Acid Hydro. : 15 1.1 0.071 0.075 3.3 Chlorophacinone : 2 1.1 0.001 0.001 2/ Cytokinins : 1 1.6 4/ 4/ 2/ Dodecadien-1-ol : 2 1.3 0.012 0.016 0.1 Dodecanol : 1 1.2 0.004 0.004 2/ Ethephon : 13 1.3 0.485 0.615 23.3 Gibberellic acid : 3 1.8 0.026 0.048 0.4 Gibberellins A4A7 : 18 1.0 0.024 0.024 1.2 Mineral oil : 1 2.1 19.794 40.951 113.0 NAA : 12 1.7 0.020 0.033 1.1 NAA, Potassium salt : 4 1.2 0.036 0.045 0.5 NAA, Sodium : 11 1.4 0.012 0.017 0.5 NAD : 4 1.0 0.058 0.058 0.7 Octadecadien (E,Z) : * 1.0 0.001 0.001 2/ Octadecadien (Z,Z) : * 1.0 0.017 0.017 2/ Prohexadione calcium : 6 2.0 0.213 0.422 7.4 Spirodiclofen : 7 1.2 0.208 0.239 4.8 Tetradecanol : 1 1.2 0.001 0.001 2/ Warfarin : * 1.0 0.006 0.006 2/ Zinc phosphide : 2 1.4 0.117 0.159 1.0 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Area applied is less than 0.5 percent. 1/ Bearing acreage in 2007 for the 7 Program States was 288,000 acres. States included are CA, MI, NY, NC, OR, PA, and WA. 2/ Total applied is less than 50 lbs. 3/ Rates and total applied are not available because amounts of active ingredient are not comparable between products. 4/ Rate per acre is less than 0.0005 lbs. Apples: Agricultural Chemical Applications, California, 2007 1/ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Active : Area : Appli- : Rate per : Rate per : Total Ingredient : Applied : cations : Application : Crop Year : Applied ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent Number -- Pounds per Acre -- 1,000 lbs. : : Herbicides : Glyphosate iso. salt : 26 2.1 0.913 1.897 10.0 : Insecticides : Azinphos-methyl : 13 2.5 0.744 1.871 4.8 Carbaryl : 18 1.4 1.171 1.695 6.2 Chlorpyrifos : 35 1.0 1.279 1.317 9.4 Diazinon : 12 1.5 1.387 2.138 5.1 Fenpropathrin : 24 1.3 0.317 0.400 1.9 Kaolin : 9 2.6 27.576 71.374 135.7 Petroleum distillate : 41 1.5 27.158 41.613 347.3 Phosmet : 24 2.4 1.924 4.663 22.9 : Fungicides : Calcium polysulfide : 17 1.4 12.040 16.466 58.9 Mancozeb : 25 1.5 2.679 4.110 21.2 Myclobutanil : 28 1.5 0.117 0.177 1.0 Streptomycin : 12 2.7 0.164 0.441 1.1 Trifloxystrobin : 36 1.4 0.074 0.102 0.8 : Other Chemicals : Dodecadien-1-ol : 16 1.3 0.006 0.008 2/ Dodecanol : 16 1.3 0.003 0.004 2/ Tetradecanol : 16 1.3 0.001 0.001 2/ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Bearing acreage in 2007 for California was 20,500 acres. 2/ Total applied is less than 50 lbs. Apples: Agricultural Chemical Applications, Michigan, 2007 1/ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Active : Area : Appli- : Rate per : Rate per : Total Ingredient : Applied : cations : Application : Crop Year : Applied ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent Number -- Pounds per Acre -- 1,000 lbs. : : Herbicides : 2,4-D, dimeth. salt : 19 1.2 0.895 1.079 7.4 Diuron : 11 1.0 1.584 1.659 6.6 Glyphosate iso. salt : 42 1.2 1.067 1.252 18.3 Paraquat : 7 1.1 0.751 0.854 2.0 Pendimethalin : 7 1.3 2.180 2.797 6.6 Simazine : 8 1.1 2.164 2.366 6.7 Terbacil : 4 1.0 0.504 0.504 0.7 : Insecticides : Abamectin : 11 1.1 0.011 0.013 2/ Acetamiprid : 22 1.5 0.182 0.279 2.2 Azinphos-methyl : 86 2.7 0.803 2.194 65.8 Benzoic acid : 18 1.4 0.193 0.267 1.7 Bt subsp. kurstaki 3/ : 3 1.0 Carbaryl : 47 1.2 0.970 1.128 18.4 Chlorpyrifos : 65 1.4 1.141 1.648 37.5 Cyd-X Granulo. Virus 3/ : 14 2.1 Cyfluthrin : 2 1.0 0.035 0.035 2/ Emamectin benzoate : 23 1.5 0.014 0.021 0.2 Esfenvalerate : 39 1.4 0.035 0.048 0.7 Etoxazole : 4 1.1 0.092 0.097 0.1 Fenpropathrin : 12 1.3 0.277 0.353 1.5 Fenpyroximate : 16 1.0 0.096 0.096 0.5 Gamma-cyhalothrin : 4 1.9 0.020 0.037 0.1 Imidacloprid : 25 1.6 0.073 0.113 1.0 Lambda-cyhalothrin : 8 1.1 0.027 0.029 0.1 Methomyl : 15 1.5 0.755 1.124 5.9 Novaluron : 41 1.5 0.137 0.210 3.0 Permethrin : 8 1.3 0.177 0.236 0.6 Petroleum distillate : 8 1.5 17.203 25.179 73.3 Petroleum oil : 6 1.0 6.928 6.933 13.6 Phosmet : 46 2.4 1.551 3.766 60.4 Pyridaben : 13 1.0 0.294 0.294 1.4 Spinosad : 4 2.2 0.081 0.182 0.2 Thiacloprid : 29 1.5 0.173 0.267 2.7 : Fungicides : Bacillus subtilus 3/ : 5 1.4 Basic copper sulfate : 6 1.1 0.838 0.901 1.9 Calcium polysulfide : 2 1.3 6.547 8.825 5.7 Captan : 93 4.7 2.171 10.262 332.6 Copper hydroxide : 11 1.4 2.027 2.750 10.8 Copper oxychlo. sul. : 7 1.1 2.031 2.229 5.3 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Apples: Agricultural Chemical Applications, Michigan, 2007 1/ (continued) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Active : Area : Appli- : Rate per : Rate per : Total Ingredient : Applied : cations : Application : Crop Year : Applied ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent Number -- Pounds per Acre -- 1,000 lbs. : : Fungicides (continued) : Copper oxychloride : 4 1.1 2.253 2.497 3.5 Copper sulfate : 7 1.7 0.746 1.267 3.1 Cyprodinil : 12 1.3 0.166 0.216 0.9 Fenarimol : 5 2.2 0.044 0.096 0.2 Kresoxim-methyl : 26 1.7 0.124 0.208 1.9 Mancozeb : 77 3.2 3.224 10.263 276.7 Metiram : 20 2.7 3.209 8.762 59.9 Myclobutanil : 28 2.1 0.110 0.234 2.3 Oxytetracycline : 2 1.5 0.232 0.352 0.3 Pyrimethanil : 13 1.4 0.290 0.415 1.9 Streptomycin : 25 1.5 0.225 0.328 2.8 Streptomycin sulfate : 7 2.3 0.293 0.669 1.5 Sulfur : 15 3.9 4.512 17.781 92.9 Thiophanate-methyl : 18 2.6 0.324 0.837 5.2 Triadimefon : 13 1.9 0.061 0.117 0.5 Trifloxystrobin : 43 1.9 0.060 0.113 1.7 Ziram : 27 2.1 2.877 6.092 58.6 : Other Chemicals : Benzyladenine : 16 1.2 0.062 0.072 0.4 Gibberellic acid : 3 1.6 0.047 0.074 0.1 Gibberellins A4A7 : 2 1.3 0.010 0.014 2/ NAA, Potassium salt : 3 1.2 0.006 0.007 2/ NAA, Sodium : 32 1.1 0.021 0.024 0.3 Prohexadione calcium : 16 1.6 0.152 0.240 1.4 Spirodiclofen : 32 1.0 0.217 0.227 2.5 Warfarin : 4 1.0 0.006 0.006 2/ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Bearing acreage in 2007 for Michigan was 35,000 acres. 2/ Total applied is less than 50 lbs. 3/ Rates and total applied are not available because amounts of active ingredient are not comparable between products. Apples: Agricultural Chemical Applications, New York, 2007 1/ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Active : Area : Appli- : Rate per : Rate per : Total Ingredient : Applied : cations : Application : Crop Year : Applied ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent Number -- Pounds per Acre -- 1,000 lbs. : : Herbicides : 2,4-D, dimeth. salt : 18 1.1 1.296 1.366 10.5 Diuron : 15 1.0 1.221 1.263 8.0 Glyphosate iso. salt : 54 1.1 1.248 1.390 31.5 Paraquat : 10 1.3 0.763 1.016 4.1 Simazine : 20 1.1 1.693 1.906 16.2 : Insecticides : Azinphos-methyl : 48 2.4 0.579 1.366 27.4 Benzoic acid : 17 1.4 0.184 0.250 1.8 Bt subsp. kurstaki 2/ : 20 1.7 Carbaryl : 46 1.4 0.997 1.432 27.7 Chlorpyrifos : 53 1.3 1.269 1.595 35.8 Cyfluthrin : 4 1.0 0.035 0.035 0.1 Emamectin benzoate : 20 1.3 0.013 0.017 0.1 Endosulfan : 28 1.2 1.052 1.272 14.7 Esfenvalerate : 18 1.1 0.053 0.057 0.4 Etoxazole : 9 1.1 0.099 0.104 0.4 Fenpropathrin : 49 1.7 0.265 0.448 9.1 Gamma-cyhalothrin : 19 2.3 0.016 0.038 0.3 Hexythiazonx : 2 1.1 0.103 0.112 0.1 Imidacloprid : 38 1.5 0.043 0.064 1.0 Indoxacarb : 19 1.4 0.101 0.142 1.1 Kaolin : * 4.9 25.793 126.699 9.9 Lambda-cyhalothrin : 29 1.5 0.036 0.056 0.7 Petroleum distillate : 19 1.3 4.930 6.632 52.4 Petroleum oil : 15 1.2 17.905 21.432 136.6 Phosmet : 60 2.1 1.471 3.148 78.8 Pyridaben : 12 1.1 0.212 0.238 1.2 Spinosad : 8 1.8 0.114 0.201 0.7 Thiacloprid : 10 1.9 0.173 0.325 1.4 Thiamethoxam : 5 1.0 0.121 0.121 0.3 : Fungicides : Basic copper sulfate : 6 1.1 0.888 0.977 2.5 Boscalid : 11 1.7 0.013 0.021 0.1 Captan : 97 6.0 2.016 12.074 493.2 Copper hydroxide : 26 1.3 2.703 3.452 37.9 Copper oxychlo. sul. : 4 1.0 1.883 1.883 3.0 Copper sulfate : 3 1.5 0.836 1.280 1.8 Dodine : 8 1.1 0.794 0.862 2.8 Fenarimol : 8 2.2 0.063 0.137 0.5 Kresoxim-methyl : 21 1.8 0.109 0.192 1.7 Mancozeb : 84 2.9 2.444 7.069 249.4 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Apples: Agricultural Chemical Applications, New York, 2007 1/ (continued) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Active : Area : Appli- : Rate per : Rate per : Total Ingredient : Applied : cations : Application : Crop Year : Applied ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent Number -- Pounds per Acre -- 1,000 lbs. : : Fungicides (continued) : Myclobutanil : 27 1.4 0.119 0.170 1.9 Pyraclostrobin : 11 1.7 0.001 0.001 3/ Streptomycin : 28 1.4 0.141 0.194 2.3 Streptomycin sulfate : 7 1.2 0.293 0.358 1.0 Sulfur : 36 3.7 4.664 17.130 257.7 Thiophanate-methyl : 63 2.3 0.367 0.844 22.4 Trifloxystrobin : 25 1.7 0.066 0.111 1.2 Ziram : 8 1.5 2.110 3.146 10.1 : Other Chemicals : Benzyladenine : 9 1.1 0.020 0.021 0.1 Butenoic Acid Hydro. : 14 1.3 0.098 0.130 0.8 Chlorophacinone : 4 1.0 0.001 0.001 3/ NAA, Sodium : 30 1.7 0.007 0.013 0.2 Prohexadione calcium : 4 1.4 0.208 0.295 0.5 Zinc phosphide : 5 2.0 0.070 0.139 0.3 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Area applied is less than 0.5 percent. 1/ Bearing acreage in 2007 for New York was 42,000 acres. 2/ Rates and total applied are not available because amounts of active ingredient are not comparable between products. 3/ Total applied is less than 50 lbs. Apples: Agricultural Chemical Applications, North Carolina, 2007 1/ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Active : Area : Appli- : Rate per : Rate per : Total Ingredient : Applied : cations : Application : Crop Year : Applied ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent Number -- Pounds per Acre -- 1,000 lbs. : : Herbicides : 2,4-D, dimeth. salt : 5 1.4 0.853 1.237 0.4 Glyphosate iso. salt : 13 1.5 1.130 1.735 1.5 : Insecticides : Acetamiprid : 69 2.3 0.221 0.515 2.4 Azinphos-methyl : 52 2.3 0.827 1.866 6.6 Benzoic acid : 39 1.7 0.215 0.364 1.0 Carbaryl : 3 1.0 1.123 1.132 0.2 Chlorpyrifos : 65 1.2 1.065 1.309 5.8 Endosulfan : 3 1.5 1.010 1.495 0.3 Esfenvalerate : 13 3.9 0.064 0.252 0.2 Fenpropathrin : 18 1.5 0.214 0.323 0.4 Permethrin : 14 1.7 0.151 0.255 0.2 Petroleum distillate : 83 1.3 31.288 39.133 221.3 Phosmet : 41 2.5 1.918 4.875 13.4 Thiacloprid : 10 2.4 0.133 0.317 0.2 : Fungicides : Basic copper sulfate : 5 2.2 3.354 7.366 2.4 Boscalid : 10 2.0 0.015 0.030 2/ Captan : 63 4.7 2.462 11.573 49.4 Copper hydroxide : 7 1.4 2.112 3.044 1.5 Copper oxychlo. sul. : 18 3.2 0.845 2.674 3.2 Cyprodinil : 19 2.8 0.197 0.556 0.7 Dodine : 26 1.7 0.695 1.207 2.1 Fenarimol : 21 2.2 0.060 0.133 0.2 Kresoxim-methyl : 38 2.0 0.163 0.335 0.9 Mancozeb : 45 2.7 2.879 7.802 24.1 Metiram : 48 3.4 2.702 9.157 30.0 Myclobutanil : 35 2.8 0.111 0.314 0.7 Pyraclostrobin : 10 2.0 0.001 0.002 2/ Streptomycin : 8 2.6 0.167 0.429 0.2 Streptomycin sulfate : 10 1.2 0.178 0.214 0.1 Sulfur : 28 3.4 5.989 20.206 39.0 Thiophanate-methyl : 50 4.9 0.486 2.366 8.0 Trifloxystrobin : 17 2.5 0.079 0.198 0.2 Ziram : 43 3.5 3.603 12.718 36.9 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Bearing acreage in 2007 for North Carolina was 6,800 acres. 2/ Total applied is less than 50 lbs. Apples: Agricultural Chemical Applications, Oregon, 2007 1/ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Active : Area : Appli- : Rate per : Rate per : Total Ingredient : Applied : cations : Application : Crop Year : Applied ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent Number -- Pounds per Acre -- 1,000 lbs. : : Herbicides : 2,4-D, dimeth. salt : 12 1.0 1.150 1.153 0.6 Diuron : 14 1.2 2.691 3.184 1.9 Glyphosate iso. salt : 46 1.8 1.209 2.235 4.3 Oryzalin : 6 1.0 2.051 2.037 0.5 Paraquat : 14 1.5 0.616 0.910 0.5 Pendimethalin : 6 1.1 2.386 2.696 0.6 Simazine : 4 1.2 3.085 3.703 0.6 : Insecticides : Abamectin : 6 1.4 0.012 0.016 2/ Acetamiprid : 51 1.6 0.122 0.194 0.4 Azinphos-methyl : 53 1.8 1.004 1.775 3.9 Bifenazate : 6 1.0 0.570 0.570 0.1 Carbaryl : 37 1.6 1.020 1.654 2.6 Chlorpyrifos : 59 1.0 1.989 2.007 5.0 Cyd-X Granulo. Virus 3/ : 1 5.9 Imidacloprid : 21 1.1 0.096 0.103 0.1 Kaolin : 13 1.5 27.277 41.973 23.0 Novaluron : 12 1.1 0.232 0.265 0.1 Petroleum distillate : 77 1.8 17.277 31.408 101.8 Phosmet : 49 1.5 2.628 3.857 8.0 Spinosad : 11 1.1 0.119 0.129 0.1 Thiacloprid : 15 1.0 0.234 0.234 0.1 : Fungicides : Boscalid : 32 1.2 0.020 0.024 2/ Calcium polysulfide : 9 1.4 15.056 21.147 8.1 Captan : 11 3.2 3.860 12.541 5.8 Copper hydroxide : 23 1.1 4.580 4.963 4.7 Copper oxide : 4 1.6 3.877 6.293 1.1 Copper sulfate : 2 1.7 0.652 1.130 0.1 Dodine : 6 2.7 1.053 2.823 0.7 Kresoxim-methyl : 2 1.1 0.123 0.135 2/ Mancozeb : 47 1.9 3.292 6.414 12.6 Myclobutanil : 59 2.0 0.113 0.224 0.6 Oxytetracycline : 5 1.1 0.193 0.221 2/ Potassium bicarbon. : 5 1.4 2.162 3.052 0.7 Pyraclostrobin : 32 1.2 0.001 0.001 2/ Sulfur : 44 1.3 9.690 12.564 23.3 Thiophanate-methyl : 11 1.4 0.874 1.222 0.6 Trifloxystrobin : 26 1.4 0.068 0.093 0.1 Triflumizole : 32 1.5 0.290 0.445 0.6 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Apples: Agricultural Chemical Applications, Oregon, 2007 1/ (continued) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Active : Area : Appli- : Rate per : Rate per : Total Ingredient : Applied : cations : Application : Crop Year : Applied ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent Number -- Pounds per Acre -- 1,000 lbs. : : Other Chemicals : Benzyladenine : 20 1.2 0.041 0.050 2/ Cytokinins : 13 1.4 4/ 4/ 2/ Dodecadien-1-ol : 13 1.0 0.051 0.051 2/ Dodecanol : 8 1.0 0.003 0.003 2/ Gibberellins A4A7 : 15 1.0 0.028 0.029 2/ NAA : 17 1.4 0.036 0.050 2/ NAA, Potassium salt : 15 1.1 0.030 0.033 2/ Octadecadien (E,Z) : 7 1.0 0.001 0.001 2/ Octadecadien (Z,Z) : 7 1.0 0.017 0.017 2/ Spirodiclofen : 18 1.5 0.211 0.312 0.2 Tetradecanol : 8 1.0 0.001 0.001 2/ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Bearing acreage in 2007 for Oregon was 4,200 acres. 2/ Total applied is less than 50 lbs. 3/ Rates and total applied are not available because amounts of active ingredient are not comparable between products. 4/ Rate per acre is less than 0.0005 lbs. Apples: Agricultural Chemical Applications, Pennsylvania, 2007 1/ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Active : Area : Appli- : Rate per : Rate per : Total Ingredient : Applied : cations : Application : Crop Year : Applied ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent Number -- Pounds per Acre -- 1,000 lbs. : : Herbicides : 2,4-D, dimeth. salt : 15 1.1 1.120 1.260 4.1 Diuron : 9 1.2 1.682 2.059 3.9 Flumioxazin : 1 1.0 0.337 0.337 0.1 Glyphosate iso. salt : 26 1.2 1.219 1.504 8.3 Paraquat : 22 1.1 0.818 0.908 4.2 Pendimethalin : 9 1.0 1.771 1.858 3.4 Simazine : 11 1.2 1.710 1.989 4.7 Terbacil : 2 1.0 0.603 0.603 0.2 : Insecticides : Abamectin : 12 1.4 0.008 0.011 2/ Acetamiprid : 29 1.6 0.141 0.224 1.4 Azinphos-methyl : 70 2.8 0.433 1.226 18.5 Benzoic acid : 54 1.9 0.133 0.252 2.9 Bt subsp. kurstaki 3/ : 2 1.8 Carbaryl : 44 1.4 1.005 1.402 13.3 Chlorpyrifos : 36 1.7 0.941 1.567 12.0 Cyfluthrin : 8 1.2 0.028 0.032 0.1 Diazinon : 34 1.9 0.796 1.504 11.1 Endosulfan : 2 1.2 2.302 2.690 1.2 Esfenvalerate : 26 1.8 0.034 0.061 0.3 Ethion : 3 1.8 0.347 0.636 0.3 Etoxazole : 10 1.0 0.050 0.050 0.1 Fenpropathrin : 23 1.6 0.175 0.278 1.4 Gamma-cyhalothrin : 20 1.4 0.010 0.014 0.1 Imidacloprid : 21 1.4 0.036 0.051 0.2 Lambda-cyhalothrin : 15 2.5 0.015 0.038 0.1 Methomyl : 23 2.1 0.352 0.747 3.7 Novaluron : 22 1.9 0.093 0.178 0.8 Oxamyl : 1 1.8 0.308 0.540 0.2 Petroleum distillate : 28 1.5 7.101 10.610 64.5 Petroleum oil : 12 1.4 19.510 26.389 67.2 Phosmet : 39 3.3 1.098 3.592 30.3 Pyridaben : 2 1.2 0.216 0.262 0.1 Thiacloprid : 10 1.6 0.094 0.147 0.3 : Fungicides : Basic copper sulfate : 11 1.5 1.041 1.542 3.7 Boscalid : 13 1.4 0.013 0.018 0.1 Captan : 80 4.8 1.326 6.350 109.1 Chlorothalonil : 3 1.0 0.708 0.708 0.4 Copper hydroxide : 5 1.4 1.707 2.383 2.6 Copper oxychlo. sul. : 3 1.0 2.534 2.534 1.8 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Apples: Agricultural Chemical Applications, Pennsylvania, 2007 1/ (continued) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Active : Area : Appli- : Rate per : Rate per : Total Ingredient : Applied : cations : Application : Crop Year : Applied ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent Number -- Pounds per Acre -- 1,000 lbs. : : Fungicides (continued) : Copper oxychloride : 8 1.0 3.477 3.577 5.9 Cyprodinil : 15 1.4 0.171 0.240 0.8 Dodine : 3 1.3 0.490 0.659 0.5 Fenarimol : 5 2.4 0.047 0.112 0.1 Kresoxim-methyl : 56 1.8 0.081 0.148 1.8 Mancozeb : 68 3.6 1.589 5.701 82.5 Metiram : 23 3.0 1.818 5.533 26.9 Myclobutanil : 33 2.1 0.115 0.247 1.7 Pyraclostrobin : 13 1.4 0.001 0.001 2/ Streptomycin : 4 1.8 0.145 0.257 0.2 Thiophanate-methyl : 60 2.7 0.320 0.873 11.2 Thiram : 2 2.9 5.188 15.194 5.0 Trifloxystrobin : 24 1.9 0.051 0.100 0.5 Ziram : 30 3.0 2.025 6.173 39.8 : Other Chemicals : Benzyladenine : 16 1.2 0.050 0.061 0.2 Butenoic Acid Hydro. : 11 1.3 0.099 0.128 0.3 Chlorophacinone : 3 1.0 0.001 0.001 2/ Dodecadien-1-ol : 2 1.8 0.010 0.017 2/ Ethephon : 27 1.6 0.208 0.335 2.0 Gibberellic acid : 1 1.8 0.020 0.035 2/ Gibberellins A4A7 : 4 1.0 0.016 0.016 2/ NAA, Sodium : 31 1.4 0.012 0.016 0.1 Prohexadione calcium : 6 1.7 0.102 0.178 0.2 Spirodiclofen : 17 1.6 0.145 0.232 0.9 Zinc phosphide : 8 1.0 0.173 0.173 0.3 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Bearing acreage in 2007 for Pennsylvania was 21,500 acres. 2/ Total applied is less than 50 lbs. 3/ Rates and total applied are not available because amounts of active ingredient are not comparable between products. Apples: Agricultural Chemical Applications, Washington, 2007 1/ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Active : Area : Appli- : Rate per : Rate per : Total Ingredient : Applied : cations : Application : Crop Year : Applied ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent Number -- Pounds per Acre -- 1,000 lbs. : : Herbicides : 2,4-D, dimeth. salt : 3 2.0 0.718 1.465 6.8 Glyphosate iso. salt : 50 1.8 1.219 2.227 176.7 Norflurazon : 8 1.4 1.573 2.239 26.7 Oryzalin : 2 1.0 2.105 2.105 8.3 Paraquat : 14 1.2 1.475 1.717 37.8 Simazine : 9 1.5 1.143 1.698 23.0 : Insecticides : Acetamiprid : 46 1.7 0.130 0.224 16.3 Azadirachtin : * 2.8 0.021 0.060 2/ Azinphos-methyl : 66 2.4 0.959 2.268 236.3 Benzoic acid : 17 1.1 0.239 0.271 7.1 Bt subsp. kurstaki 3/ : 12 2.0 Carbaryl : 63 1.4 1.167 1.675 165.4 Chlorpyrifos : 64 1.0 1.772 1.835 186.8 Cyd-X Granulo. Virus 3/ : 13 2.8 Diazinon : 9 1.1 2.220 2.430 33.4 Emamectin benzoate : 18 1.1 0.013 0.014 0.4 Endosulfan : 8 1.2 1.810 2.093 26.4 Hexythiazonx : 4 1.0 0.132 0.138 0.9 Imidacloprid : 27 1.5 0.110 0.165 6.9 Kaolin : 3 2.1 36.711 77.137 382.9 Lambda-cyhalothrin : 6 1.3 0.035 0.045 0.4 Novaluron : 15 1.3 0.200 0.256 5.9 Petroleum distillate : 85 1.8 17.910 32.991 4,421.1 Phosmet : 8 1.3 2.501 3.328 41.2 Pyridaben : 7 1.0 0.245 0.255 2.8 Pyriproxyfen : 2 1.0 0.097 0.100 0.3 Spinosad : 39 1.4 0.104 0.143 8.8 Thiacloprid : 3 1.1 0.193 0.217 0.9 : Fungicides : Bacillus pumilus 3/ : 7 2.5 Bacillus subtilus 3/ : 1 1.0 Boscalid : 19 1.4 0.014 0.020 0.6 Calcium polysulfide : 30 1.5 16.702 24.544 1,148.1 Fenarimol : 18 1.1 0.072 0.082 2.4 Kresoxim-methyl : 3 1.2 0.152 0.181 0.8 Mancozeb : 12 1.5 3.719 5.616 103.3 Myclobutanil : 40 1.3 0.141 0.177 11.3 Oxytetracycline : 12 1.2 0.167 0.201 3.9 Potassium bicarbon. : 2 1.1 2.398 2.741 6.8 Pyraclostrobin : 19 1.4 0.001 0.001 2/ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Apples: Agricultural Chemical Applications, Washington, 2007 1/ (continued) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Active : Area : Appli- : Rate per : Rate per : Total Ingredient : Applied : cations : Application : Crop Year : Applied ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent Number -- Pounds per Acre -- 1,000 lbs. : : Fungicides (continued) : Sulfur : 30 1.4 7.539 10.872 515.3 Thiophanate-methyl : 2 1.0 0.666 0.677 2.5 Triadimefon : 4 1.0 0.203 0.208 1.3 Trifloxystrobin : 12 1.2 0.074 0.086 1.6 Triflumizole : 36 1.7 0.279 0.468 26.7 Ziram : 5 1.0 4.899 4.951 40.5 : Other Chemicals : Benzyladenine : 33 1.3 0.031 0.040 2.1 Butenoic Acid Hydro. : 21 1.0 0.061 0.061 2.0 Chlorophacinone : 3 1.2 0.001 0.001 2/ Cytokinins : 2 1.6 4/ 4/ 2/ Dodecadien-1-ol : * 1.0 0.031 0.031 2/ Dodecanol : * 1.0 0.007 0.007 2/ Ethephon : 19 1.2 0.559 0.682 20.3 Gibberellic acid : 4 1.9 0.023 0.044 0.3 Gibberellins A4A7 : 30 1.0 0.024 0.024 1.1 Mineral oil : 2 2.1 19.794 40.951 113.0 NAA : 20 1.7 0.020 0.033 1.0 NAA, Potassium salt : 6 1.3 0.040 0.050 0.5 NAD : 7 1.0 0.059 0.059 0.7 Prohexadione calcium : 5 2.5 0.256 0.628 5.2 Spirodiclofen : 3 1.0 0.265 0.265 1.2 Tetradecanol : * 1.0 0.001 0.001 2/ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Area applied is less than 0.5 percent. 1/ Bearing acreage in 2007 for Washington was 158,000 acres. 2/ Total applied is less than 50 lbs. 3/ Rates and total applied are not available because amounts of active ingredient are not comparable between products. 4/ Rate per acre is less than 0.0005 lbs. Organic Apples: Fertilizer Use by State, 2007 Percent of Acres Treated and Total Applied ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Percent of Acres Treated and Total Applied State : Bearing :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Acreage : Nitrogen : Phosphate : Potash : Sulfur ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Acres Percent 1,000 lbs. Percent 1,000 lbs. Percent 1,000 lbs. Percent 1,000 lbs. : WA : 7,200 67 704.9 27 37.1 26 52.6 1/ Other : States 2/: 3,300 23 29.6 23 16.7 27 20.3 1/ : US : 10,500 53 734.5 25 53.8 26 72.9 12 24.6 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Insufficient reports to publish data for the fertilizer primary nutrient. 2/ Other States include CA, MI, NY, PA, and OR. Organic Apples: Fertilizer Primary Nutrient Applications, Program States and Total, 2007 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Primary : Bearing : Area : Appli- : Rate per : Rate per : Total Nutrient : Acreage : Applied : cations :Application : Crop Year : Applied ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Acres Percent Number Pounds per Acre 1,000 lbs. : : : Washington : 7,200 Nitrogen : 67 2.1 70 146 704.9 Phosphate : 27 1.9 10 19 37.1 Potash : 26 2.3 12 28 52.6 Sulfur 1/ : : Other States 2/ : 3,300 Nitrogen : 23 1.5 25 38 29.6 Phosphate : 23 1.5 15 22 16.7 Potash : 27 1.7 14 23 20.3 Sulfur 1/ : : Program States : 10,500 Nitrogen : 53 2.0 65 131 734.5 Phosphate : 25 1.8 11 20 53.8 Potash : 26 2.1 12 26 72.9 Sulfur : 12 1.1 18 20 24.6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Insufficient reports to publish fertilizer data. 2/ Other States include CA, MI, NY, PA, and OR. Organic Apples: Active Ingredients and Publication Status By Program States, 2007 ------------------------------------------------------- :Program States :-------------- Active Ingredient :ALL :OS1/: WA ------------------------------------------------------- : Insecticides : Azadirachtin : P * * Bt subsp israelensis : * * * Bt subsp. kurstaki : P P P Bt. (Berliner) : * * Cyd-X Granulo. Virus : P P P Kaolin : P P P Neem oil, clar. hyd. : * * Petroleum distillate : P P P Petroleum oil : P P Potassium salts : * * * Pyrethrins : * * * Soybean oil : * * Spinosad : P P P : Fungicides : Bacillus pumilus : P * * Bacillus subtilus : P * * Calcium polysulfide : P P P Copper hydroxide : P P Copper octanoate : * * Copper oxide : P * * Copper sulfate : * * Oxytetracycline : P * * Potassium bicarbon. : P * * Pseudo. fluores A506 : * * Streptomycin : * * * Sulfur : P P P Trifloxystrobin : * * : Other Chemicals : Benzyladenine : * * Butenoic Acid Hydro. : P P Cytokinins : P P Dodecadien-1-ol : P P P Dodecanol : P * * Gibberellic acid : * * Gibberellins A4A7 : * * Hydrogen peroxide : * * Mineral oil : P P NAA, Ammonium salt : * * Octadecadien (E,Z) : * * Octadecadien (Z,Z) : * * Tetradecanol : P * * ------------------------------------------------------- P Usage data are published for this active ingredient. * Usage data are not published for this active ingredient. 1/ Other States include CA, MI, NY, PA, and OR. Organic Apples: Bearing Acreage, Pesticide, Percent of Area Receiving Applications and Total Applied, Program States and Total, 2007 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Area Receiving and Total Applied State : Bearing :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Acreage : Herbicide : Insecticide 1/ : Fungicide 1/ : Other ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Acres Percent 1,000 Percent 1,000 Percent 1,000 Percent 1,000 : lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. : : WA : 7,200 95 366.4 87 270.1 62 89.0 Other : States 2/: 3,300 45 168.2 48 61.2 : Total : 10,500 79 534.6 75 331.2 51 89.0 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Total Applied excludes Bt's (Bacillus thuringiensis) and other biologicals. Quantities are not available because amounts of active ingredient are not comparable between products. 2/ Other States include CA, MI, NY, PA, and OR. Organic Apples: Agricultural Chemical Applications, Program States, 2007 1/ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Active : Area : Appli- : Rate per : Rate per : Total Ingredient : Applied : cations : Application : Crop Year : Applied ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent Number -- Pounds per Acre -- 1,000 lbs. : : Insecticides : Azadirachtin : 3 2.8 0.021 0.059 2/ Bt subsp. kurstaki 3/ : 53 2.2 Cyd-X Granulo. Virus 3/ : 56 4.0 Kaolin : 13 3.6 33.901 121.269 161.2 Petroleum distillate : 49 5.1 12.616 64.314 331.4 Petroleum oil : 11 4.1 8.006 33.221 38.8 Spinosad : 49 2.3 0.099 0.226 1.2 : Fungicides : Bacillus pumilus 3/ : 28 2.1 Bacillus subtilus 3/ : 4 1.2 Calcium polysulfide : 66 2.1 17.147 35.424 245.8 Copper hydroxide : 3 4.2 1.456 6.136 1.9 Copper oxide : 13 1.0 3.485 3.619 4.9 Oxytetracycline : 5 1.4 0.217 0.297 0.1 Potassium bicarbon. : 2 2.6 2.296 5.863 1.5 Sulfur : 41 2.2 8.047 17.879 76.7 : Other Chemicals : Butenoic Acid Hydro. : 10 1.0 0.052 0.052 0.1 Cytokinins : 11 1.8 4/ 4/ 2/ Dodecadien-1-ol : 6 1.0 0.023 0.023 2/ Dodecanol : 5 1.0 0.005 0.005 2/ Mineral oil : 21 1.5 26.198 40.574 88.2 Tetradecanol : 5 1.0 0.001 0.001 2/ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Bearing acreage in 2007 for the 6 Program States was 10,500 acres. States included are CA, MI, NY, PA, OR, and WA. 2/ Total applied is less than 50 lbs. 3/ Rates and total applied are not available because amounts of active ingredient are not comparable between products. 4/ Rate per acre is less than 0.0005 lbs. Organic Apples: Agricultural Chemical Applications, Washington, 2007 1/ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Active : Area : Appli- : Rate per : Rate per : Total Ingredient : Applied : cations : Application : Crop Year : Applied ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent Number -- Pounds per Acre -- 1,000 lbs. : : Insecticides : Bt subsp. kurstaki 2/ : 73 2.2 Cyd-X Granulo. Virus 2/ : 75 3.7 Kaolin : 9 1.9 42.818 83.473 55.2 Petroleum distillate : 61 5.5 11.355 62.250 271.3 Petroleum oil : 16 4.1 8.006 33.221 38.8 Spinosad : 67 2.2 0.102 0.221 1.1 : Fungicides : Calcium polysulfide : 83 2.0 19.246 38.224 228.1 Sulfur : 48 1.5 7.042 10.498 36.1 : Other Chemicals : Butenoic Acid Hydro. : 15 1.0 0.052 0.052 0.1 Cytokinins : 17 1.8 3/ 3/ 4/ Dodecadien-1-ol : 1 1.0 0.104 0.104 4/ Mineral oil : 30 1.5 26.198 40.574 88.2 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Bearing acreage in 2007 for Washington was 7,200 acres. 2/ Rates and total applied are not available because amounts of active ingredient are not comparable between products. 3/ Rate per acre is less than 0.0005 lbs. 4/ Total applied is less than 50 lbs. Organic Apples: Agricultural Chemical Applications, Other States, 2007 1/ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Active : Area : Appli- : Rate per : Rate per : Total Ingredient : Applied : cations : Application : Crop Year : Applied ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent Number -- Pounds per Acre -- 1,000 lbs. : : Insecticides : Bt subsp. kurstaki 2/ : 7 2.3 Cyd-X Granulo. Virus 2/ : 14 7.1 Kaolin : 20 5.2 30.581 158.738 106.0 Petroleum distillate : 24 3.0 25.271 75.622 60.1 Spinosad : 11 3.7 0.078 0.290 0.1 : Fungicides : Calcium polysulfide : 29 2.6 7.128 18.223 17.7 Copper hydroxide : 9 4.2 1.456 6.136 1.9 Sulfur : 26 5.2 9.219 47.819 40.6 : Other Chemicals : Dodecadien-1-ol : 16 1.0 0.009 0.009 3/ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Bearing acreage in 2007 for Other States (CA, MI, NY, OR and PA) was 3,300 acres. 2/ Rates and total applied are not available because amounts of active ingredient are not comparable between products. 3/ Total applied is less than 50 lbs. Distribution Tables - Highlights The following distribution tables provide details about the distribution of agricultural chemical active ingredients commonly applied to the selected field. Chemical distribution rates are listed by active ingredient for the Percent of Acres Treated, Number of Applications, Rate per Application, and Rate per Crop year. In order for an active ingredient to be published in these tables, at least 30 farm operators reported an application of the active ingredient on the specified crop. The data in each table are summarized for a specific group of States, called Program States. The Program States designation is specific for each crop and provided in tables within the publication (See page 3). These distribution tables show the 10th percentile, median, 90th percentile, mean, and coefficient of variation (CV) of the reported rates. The 10th percentile is the value below which 10 percent of all application rates fall. Thus, only 10 percent of operators reported an application rate for the active ingredient on the specified crop that was lower than the 10th percentile value. Likewise, the 90th percentile is a value for which 90 percent of all applications were at rates lower than this value. The median is the midpoint of the distribution with half of the reported application rates higher and half lower than the median value. The mean is the weighted average calculated by summing the application rate multiplied by the acres applied and then dividing by the acres applied. The CV is a relative measure of the variability, expressed as a percentage of the estimate. For a specific commodity, the States have different agricultural practices which can lead to a wide range of pesticide usage rates. These ranges can lead to higher CV rates for different active ingredients. Some active ingredients are only applied in one manner resulting in smaller CVs, while other active ingredients have more varied agricultural uses which will have larger CVs. Please see the Survey and Estimation Procedures and Reliability sections for more information. The Number of Applications, Rate per Application, and Rate per Crop Year distribution tables are calculated using data only from reports where the farm operator applied the active ingredient. Data presented in the Percent of Acres Treated table account for all operations in the sample producing the target commodity, whether or not the listed active ingredient was applied. All Cotton: Percent of Acres Treated Distribution, Program States, 2007 1/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 10th : : 90th : : Active Ingredient : Percentile : Median : Percentile : Mean : cv(%) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Herbicides : 2,4-D, 2-EHE : 0 0 0 3 27 2,4-D, dimeth. salt : 0 0 0 6 11 Carfentrazone-ethyl : 0 0 0 10 13 Dicamba, digly. salt : 0 0 0 4 11 Diuron : 0 0 100 26 6 Flumioxazin : 0 0 0 6 13 Fluometuron : 0 0 0 4 19 Glyphosate : 0 0 0 5 16 Glyphosate iso. salt : 0 100 100 85 1 MSMA : 0 0 0 3 19 Metolachlor : 0 0 0 2 24 Pendimethalin : 0 0 100 17 10 Prometryn : 0 0 0 7 15 Pyraflufen-ethyl : 0 0 0 8 17 Pyrithiobac-sodium : 0 0 0 10 11 S-Metolachlor : 0 0 0 6 16 Trifloxysulfuron-sod : 0 0 0 3 14 Trifluralin : 0 0 100 29 4 : Insecticides : Abamectin : 0 0 0 3 10 Acephate : 0 0 100 26 5 Acetamiprid : 0 0 0 6 25 Aldicarb : 0 0 100 18 7 Bifenthrin : 0 0 0 3 17 Cyfluthrin : 0 0 0 8 11 Cypermethrin : 0 0 0 7 10 Dicrotophos : 0 0 100 21 5 Dimethoate : 0 0 0 1 25 Esfenvalerate : 0 0 0 2 25 Imidacloprid : 0 0 0 6 12 Lambda-cyhalothrin : 0 0 0 5 12 Malathion : 0 0 0 5 23 Novaluron : 0 0 0 4 17 Oxamyl : 0 0 0 3 18 Thiamethoxam : 0 0 100 11 8 Zeta-cypermethrin : 0 0 0 3 23 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued All Cotton: Percent of Acres Treated Distribution, Program States, 2007 1/ (continued) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 10th : : 90th : : Active Ingredient : Percentile : Median : Percentile : Mean : cv(%) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Fungicides : PCNB : 0 0 0 1 25 : Other Chemicals : Bacillus cereus : 0 0 0 5 15 Cyclanilide : 0 0 100 14 8 Ethephon : 0 100 100 69 2 Kinetin : 0 0 0 2 26 Mepiquat chloride : 0 0 100 35 3 Mepiquat pentaborate : 0 0 0 4 28 Monocarbamide dihyd. : 0 0 0 7 10 Paraquat : 0 0 100 19 10 Sodium chlorate : 0 0 0 6 12 Thidiazuron : 0 0 100 37 4 Tribufos : 0 0 100 29 6 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Planted acreage in 2007 for the 11 Program States was 10.2 million acres. All Cotton: Number of Applications Distribution, Program States, 2007 1/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 10th : : 90th : : Active Ingredient : Percentile : Median : Percentile : Mean : cv(%) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Herbicides : 2,4-D, 2-EHE : 1 1 1 1 1 2,4-D, dimeth. salt : 1 1 2 1 5 Carfentrazone-ethyl : 1 1 1 1 3 Dicamba, digly. salt : 1 1 1 1 2 Diuron : 1 1 2 1 2 Flumioxazin : 1 1 2 1 6 Fluometuron : 1 1 1 1 2 Glyphosate : 1 2 4 2 11 Glyphosate iso. salt : 1 2 4 2 2 MSMA : 1 1 1 1 1 Metolachlor : 1 1 1 1 3 Pendimethalin : 1 1 1 1 1 Prometryn : 1 1 1 1 1 Pyraflufen-ethyl : 1 1 1 1 3 Pyrithiobac-sodium : 1 1 1 1 3 S-Metolachlor : 1 1 1 1 2 Trifloxysulfuron-sod : 1 1 1 1 5 Trifluralin : 1 1 2 1 3 : Insecticides : Abamectin : 1 1 1 1 3 Acephate : 1 2 4 2 6 Acetamiprid : 1 1 1 1 4 Aldicarb : 1 1 1 1 1 Bifenthrin : 1 1 3 2 9 Cyfluthrin : 1 1 2 1 5 Cypermethrin : 1 1 2 1 4 Dicrotophos : 1 1 3 2 5 Dimethoate : 1 1 4 2 19 Esfenvalerate : 1 1 2 1 11 Imidacloprid : 1 1 3 2 7 Lambda-cyhalothrin : 1 1 3 2 8 Malathion : 1 3 10 5 15 Novaluron : 1 1 2 2 10 Oxamyl : 1 1 3 1 9 Thiamethoxam : 1 1 3 2 5 Zeta-cypermethrin : 1 1 2 1 8 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued All Cotton: Number of Applications Distribution, Program States, 2007 1/ (continued) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 10th : : 90th : : Active Ingredient : Percentile : Median : Percentile : Mean : cv(%) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Fungicides : PCNB : 1 1 1 1 1 : Other Chemicals : Bacillus cereus : 1 1 3 2 8 Cyclanilide : 1 1 2 1 6 Ethephon : 1 1 2 1 2 Kinetin : 1 1 2 2 10 Mepiquat chloride : 1 2 3 2 4 Mepiquat pentaborate : 1 1 2 2 5 Monocarbamide dihyd. : 1 1 1 1 3 Paraquat : 1 1 1 1 4 Sodium chlorate : 1 1 2 1 4 Thidiazuron : 1 1 2 1 2 Tribufos : 1 1 1 1 2 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Planted acreage in 2007 for the 11 Program States was 10.2 million acres. All Cotton: Rate Per Application Distribution, Program States, 2007 1/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 10th : : 90th : : Active Ingredient : Percentile : Median : Percentile : Mean : cv(%) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----------------- Pounds per Acre ---------------- : : Herbicides : 2,4-D, 2-EHE : 0.238 0.360 0.625 0.431 9 2,4-D, dimeth. salt : 0.263 0.470 0.940 0.514 5 Carfentrazone-ethyl : 0.008 0.016 0.025 0.017 5 Dicamba, digly. salt : 0.063 0.250 0.250 0.213 6 Diuron : 0.016 0.258 1.000 0.440 10 Flumioxazin : 0.032 0.064 0.064 0.058 6 Fluometuron : 0.425 0.640 1.000 0.715 5 Glyphosate : 0.516 0.749 0.859 0.728 3 Glyphosate iso. salt : 0.516 0.773 1.125 0.787 2 MSMA : 0.750 1.500 2.063 1.361 6 Metolachlor : 0.250 0.975 1.500 0.911 17 Pendimethalin : 0.413 0.825 1.140 0.838 5 Prometryn : 0.330 0.793 1.625 0.849 9 Pyraflufen-ethyl : 0.002 0.003 0.005 0.003 5 Pyrithiobac-sodium : 0.019 0.040 0.106 0.052 13 S-Metolachlor : 0.750 0.938 1.191 0.974 5 Trifloxysulfuron-sod : 0.004 0.006 0.011 0.006 7 Trifluralin : 0.500 0.750 1.250 0.836 3 : Insecticides : Abamectin : 0.004 0.006 0.009 0.006 6 Acephate : 0.113 0.450 0.750 0.428 4 Acetamiprid : 0.018 0.033 0.070 0.039 15 Aldicarb : 0.375 0.750 0.750 0.666 4 Bifenthrin : 0.047 0.070 0.100 0.070 5 Cyfluthrin : 0.016 0.032 0.047 0.034 6 Cypermethrin : 0.020 0.054 0.098 0.058 7 Dicrotophos : 0.156 0.320 0.500 0.325 3 Dimethoate : 0.188 0.200 0.367 0.247 8 Esfenvalerate : 0.008 0.046 0.064 0.039 14 Imidacloprid : 0.023 0.043 0.063 0.044 6 Lambda-cyhalothrin : 0.014 0.021 0.041 0.026 6 Malathion : 0.469 0.928 0.928 0.837 4 Novaluron : 0.028 0.039 0.058 0.042 5 Oxamyl : 0.157 0.236 0.471 0.328 11 Thiamethoxam : 0.016 0.023 0.031 0.025 4 Zeta-cypermethrin : 0.013 0.019 0.038 0.021 11 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued All Cotton: Rate Per Application Distribution, Program States, 2007 1/ (continued) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 10th : : 90th : : Active Ingredient : Percentile : Median : Percentile : Mean : cv(%) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----------------- Pounds per Acre ---------------- : : Fungicides : PCNB : 0.400 0.500 1.300 0.615 11 : Other Chemicals : Bacillus cereus : * * * * 6 Cyclanilide : 0.004 0.094 0.141 0.087 11 Ethephon : 0.400 1.125 1.500 1.086 2 Kinetin : * * * * 14 Mepiquat chloride : 0.014 0.027 0.044 0.030 5 Mepiquat pentaborate : 0.026 0.064 0.103 0.066 10 Monocarbamide dihyd. : 0.912 2.720 3.648 2.393 6 Paraquat : 0.063 0.375 0.703 0.372 9 Sodium chlorate : 0.500 1.500 3.998 1.890 8 Thidiazuron : 0.031 0.063 0.100 0.065 3 Tribufos : 0.211 0.600 1.219 0.675 5 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Rate per acre is less than 0.0005 lbs. 1/ Planted acreage in 2007 for the 11 Program States was 10.2 million acres. All Cotton: Rate per Crop Year Distribution, Program States, 2007 1/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 10th : : 90th : : Active Ingredient : Percentile : Median : Percentile : Mean : cv(%) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----------------- Pounds per Acre ---------------- : : Herbicides : 2,4-D, 2-EHE : 0.238 0.360 0.625 0.435 9 2,4-D, dimeth. salt : 0.263 0.470 0.940 0.571 6 Carfentrazone-ethyl : 0.008 0.019 0.025 0.019 5 Dicamba, digly. salt : 0.063 0.250 0.250 0.218 6 Diuron : 0.016 0.250 1.000 0.499 10 Flumioxazin : 0.048 0.064 0.128 0.068 7 Fluometuron : 0.425 0.650 1.000 0.733 5 Glyphosate : 0.703 1.043 2.513 1.481 12 Glyphosate iso. salt : 0.750 1.828 3.094 1.900 2 MSMA : 0.750 1.500 2.063 1.368 6 Metolachlor : 0.250 0.975 2.000 0.967 18 Pendimethalin : 0.413 0.825 1.140 0.849 5 Prometryn : 0.330 0.793 1.793 0.872 9 Pyraflufen-ethyl : 0.002 0.003 0.005 0.003 6 Pyrithiobac-sodium : 0.019 0.046 0.128 0.058 13 S-Metolachlor : 0.750 0.938 1.267 0.994 5 Trifloxysulfuron-sod : 0.005 0.007 0.012 0.007 6 Trifluralin : 0.600 0.850 1.250 0.921 4 : Insecticides : Abamectin : 0.004 0.006 0.009 0.007 7 Acephate : 0.188 0.487 2.250 0.900 7 Acetamiprid : 0.014 0.033 0.070 0.041 17 Aldicarb : 0.375 0.750 0.750 0.678 4 Bifenthrin : 0.025 0.094 0.211 0.111 12 Cyfluthrin : 0.017 0.037 0.067 0.044 6 Cypermethrin : 0.020 0.059 0.156 0.073 9 Dicrotophos : 0.188 0.438 1.000 0.565 6 Dimethoate : 0.125 0.250 1.000 0.418 15 Esfenvalerate : 0.008 0.031 0.099 0.049 24 Imidacloprid : 0.031 0.056 0.133 0.071 7 Lambda-cyhalothrin : 0.015 0.033 0.066 0.039 10 Malathion : 0.758 1.875 9.281 3.799 14 Novaluron : 0.039 0.052 0.084 0.061 9 Oxamyl : 0.200 0.471 0.889 0.456 7 Thiamethoxam : 0.016 0.031 0.078 0.039 7 Zeta-cypermethrin : 0.012 0.023 0.073 0.029 16 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued All Cotton: Rate per Crop Year Distribution, Program States, 2007 1/ (continued) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 10th : : 90th : : Active Ingredient : Percentile : Median : Percentile : Mean : cv(%) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----------------- Pounds per Acre ---------------- : : Fungicides : PCNB : 0.350 0.500 1.300 0.635 11 : Other Chemicals : Bacillus cereus : * * * * 10 Cyclanilide : 0.013 0.125 0.188 0.113 7 Ethephon : 0.500 1.139 1.875 1.259 2 Kinetin : * * * * 22 Mepiquat chloride : 0.016 0.044 0.109 0.058 6 Mepiquat pentaborate : 0.038 0.103 0.205 0.106 11 Monocarbamide dihyd. : 0.912 2.736 3.648 2.604 6 Paraquat : 0.059 0.391 0.750 0.397 8 Sodium chlorate : 0.500 1.875 4.575 2.267 7 Thidiazuron : 0.031 0.063 0.125 0.073 3 Tribufos : 0.234 0.750 1.500 0.743 5 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Rate per acre is less than 0.0005 lbs. 1/ Planted acreage in 2007 for the 11 Program States was 10.2 million acres. Apples: Percent of Acres Treated Distribution, Program States, 2007 1/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 10th : : 90th : : Active Ingredient : Percentile : Median : Percentile : Mean : cv(%) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Herbicides : 2,4-D, dimeth. salt : 0 0 26 8 15 Diuron : 0 0 0 6 24 Glyphosate iso. salt : 0 25 100 45 6 Paraquat : 0 0 83 12 22 Pendimethalin : 0 0 0 3 44 Simazine : 0 0 36 10 21 : Insecticides : Abamectin : 0 0 0 2 16 Acetamiprid : 0 0 100 37 8 Azinphos-methyl : 0 100 100 62 6 Benzoic acid : 0 0 100 19 16 Bt subsp. kurstaki : 0 0 52 10 31 Carbaryl : 0 75 100 52 10 Chlorpyrifos : 0 100 100 59 7 Cyd-X Granulo. Virus : 0 0 50 10 24 Diazinon : 0 0 0 8 21 Emamectin benzoate : 0 0 100 16 18 Endosulfan : 0 0 0 9 29 Esfenvalerate : 0 0 50 10 9 Etoxazole : 0 0 0 3 33 Fenpropathrin : 0 0 100 12 9 Fenpyroximate : 0 0 0 7 31 Gamma-cyhalothrin : 0 0 0 5 18 Imidacloprid : 0 0 100 25 9 Kaolin : 0 0 0 3 20 Lambda-cyhalothrin : 0 0 50 10 14 Methomyl : 0 0 0 4 12 Novaluron : 0 0 100 15 13 Permethrin : 0 0 0 1 25 Petroleum distillate : 0 100 100 58 4 Petroleum oil : 0 0 0 4 19 Phosmet : 0 0 100 25 7 Pyridaben : 0 0 0 7 17 Spinosad : 0 0 100 24 12 Thiacloprid : 0 0 0 8 14 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Apples: Percent of Acres Treated Distribution, Program States, 2007 1/ (continued) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 10th : : 90th : : Active Ingredient : Percentile : Median : Percentile : Mean : cv(%) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Fungicides : Bacillus pumilus : 0 0 0 4 55 Basic copper sulfate : 0 0 0 3 19 Boscalid : 0 0 100 14 21 Calcium polysulfide : 0 0 100 18 21 Captan : 0 0 100 34 2 Copper hydroxide : 0 0 0 7 16 Copper oxychlo. sul. : 0 0 0 2 21 Copper oxychloride : 0 0 0 2 28 Copper sulfate : 0 0 0 2 32 Cyprodinil : 0 0 0 4 16 Dodine : 0 0 0 3 28 Fenarimol : 0 0 100 13 13 Kresoxim-methyl : 0 0 100 13 9 Mancozeb : 0 0 100 37 5 Metiram : 0 0 0 7 12 Myclobutanil : 0 0 100 36 10 Oxytetracycline : 0 0 0 7 43 Pyraclostrobin : 0 0 100 14 21 Pyrimethanil : 0 0 0 3 11 Streptomycin : 0 0 0 9 15 Streptomycin sulfate : 0 0 0 3 26 Sulfur : 0 0 100 26 15 Thiophanate-methyl : 0 0 100 18 7 Triadimefon : 0 0 0 4 25 Trifloxystrobin : 0 0 100 20 11 Triflumizole : 0 0 100 21 19 Ziram : 0 0 100 11 12 : Other Chemicals : Benzyladenine : 0 0 100 23 22 Butenoic Acid Hydro. : 0 0 100 15 32 Dodecadien-1-ol : 0 0 0 2 38 Ethephon : 0 0 100 13 19 Gibberellins A4A7 : 0 0 100 18 30 NAA : 0 0 100 12 18 NAA, Potassium salt : 0 0 0 4 24 NAA, Sodium : 0 0 52 11 12 Prohexadione calcium : 0 0 0 6 14 Spirodiclofen : 0 0 0 7 11 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Bearing acreage in 2007 for the 7 Program States was 288,000 acres. Apples: Number of Applications Distribution, Program States, 2007 1/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 10th : : 90th : : Active Ingredient : Percentile : Median : Percentile : Mean : cv(%) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Herbicides : 2,4-D, dimeth. salt : 1 1 2 1 7 Diuron : 1 1 2 1 8 Glyphosate iso. salt : 1 1 2 2 5 Paraquat : 1 1 2 1 7 Pendimethalin : 1 1 2 1 12 Simazine : 1 1 2 1 7 : Insecticides : Abamectin : 1 1 2 1 7 Acetamiprid : 1 1 3 2 17 Azinphos-methyl : 1 2 4 3 3 Benzoic acid : 1 1 2 1 6 Bt subsp. kurstaki : 1 1 3 2 12 Carbaryl : 1 1 2 1 7 Chlorpyrifos : 1 1 2 1 3 Cyd-X Granulo. Virus : 1 2 5 3 11 Diazinon : 1 1 3 1 8 Emamectin benzoate : 1 1 2 1 5 Endosulfan : 1 1 2 1 7 Esfenvalerate : 1 1 3 2 7 Etoxazole : 1 1 1 1 3 Fenpropathrin : 1 1 3 2 7 Fenpyroximate : 1 1 1 1 5 Gamma-cyhalothrin : 1 2 3 2 9 Imidacloprid : 1 1 3 2 8 Kaolin : 1 2 3 2 12 Lambda-cyhalothrin : 1 1 2 2 9 Methomyl : 1 2 3 2 8 Novaluron : 1 1 2 2 6 Permethrin : 1 1 3 1 12 Petroleum distillate : 1 1 4 2 11 Petroleum oil : 1 1 3 2 13 Phosmet : 1 2 4 2 5 Pyridaben : 1 1 1 1 3 Spinosad : 1 1 2 1 11 Thiacloprid : 1 1 3 2 10 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Apples: Number of Applications Distribution, Program States, 2007 1/ (continued) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 10th : : 90th : : Active Ingredient : Percentile : Median : Percentile : Mean : cv(%) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Fungicides : Bacillus pumilus : 1 3 3 3 10 Basic copper sulfate : 1 1 1 1 12 Boscalid : 1 1 2 1 11 Calcium polysulfide : 1 1 2 2 11 Captan : 2 5 8 5 8 Copper hydroxide : 1 1 2 1 10 Copper oxychlo. sul. : 1 1 2 2 16 Copper oxychloride : 1 1 1 1 3 Copper sulfate : 1 1 3 2 17 Cyprodinil : 1 1 2 2 12 Dodine : 1 1 2 2 10 Fenarimol : 1 1 2 1 8 Kresoxim-methyl : 1 2 3 2 5 Mancozeb : 1 3 5 3 5 Metiram : 2 3 5 3 8 Myclobutanil : 1 1 2 2 7 Oxytetracycline : 1 1 2 1 12 Pyraclostrobin : 1 1 2 1 11 Pyrimethanil : 1 1 2 1 6 Streptomycin : 1 1 2 2 9 Streptomycin sulfate : 1 1 3 2 15 Sulfur : 1 2 4 2 12 Thiophanate-methyl : 1 2 5 3 8 Triadimefon : 1 1 3 2 15 Trifloxystrobin : 1 1 3 2 4 Triflumizole : 1 1 3 2 11 Ziram : 1 1 4 2 8 : Other Chemicals : Benzyladenine : 1 1 2 1 9 Butenoic Acid Hydro. : 1 1 1 1 5 Dodecadien-1-ol : 1 1 2 1 14 Ethephon : 1 1 2 1 7 Gibberellins A4A7 : 1 1 1 1 2 NAA : 1 1 3 2 16 NAA, Potassium salt : 1 1 2 1 14 NAA, Sodium : 1 1 2 1 8 Prohexadione calcium : 1 2 3 2 9 Spirodiclofen : 1 1 2 1 4 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Bearing acreage in 2007 for the 7 Program States was 288,000 acres. Apples: Rate Per Application Distribution, Program States, 2007 1/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 10th : : 90th : : Active Ingredient : Percentile : Median : Percentile : Mean : cv(%) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----------------- Pounds per Acre ----------------- : : Herbicides : 2,4-D, dimeth. salt : 0.297 0.950 1.425 0.977 8 Diuron : 0.800 1.598 2.250 1.484 10 Glyphosate iso. salt : 0.598 1.125 1.500 1.193 7 Paraquat : 0.469 0.938 2.500 1.194 24 Pendimethalin : 0.845 0.845 2.855 1.443 24 Simazine : 0.500 1.003 2.000 1.421 12 : Insecticides : Abamectin : 0.006 0.012 0.012 0.010 5 Acetamiprid : 0.072 0.149 0.219 0.147 9 Azinphos-methyl : 0.496 1.000 1.000 0.832 3 Benzoic acid : 0.094 0.219 0.250 0.197 4 Carbaryl : 0.500 1.000 1.800 1.115 6 Chlorpyrifos : 0.781 1.500 2.000 1.502 5 Diazinon : 0.563 1.000 2.000 1.504 18 Emamectin benzoate : 0.010 0.013 0.015 0.013 2 Endosulfan : 1.000 1.125 2.250 1.458 10 Esfenvalerate : 0.017 0.041 0.072 0.044 9 Etoxazole : 0.045 0.090 0.113 0.085 12 Fenpropathrin : 0.150 0.300 0.338 0.258 5 Fenpyroximate : 0.050 0.100 0.130 0.086 11 Gamma-cyhalothrin : 0.008 0.016 0.020 0.015 5 Imidacloprid : 0.025 0.058 0.118 0.086 32 Kaolin : 17.100 31.667 47.500 33.500 9 Lambda-cyhalothrin : 0.016 0.038 0.039 0.031 7 Methomyl : 0.225 0.450 0.900 0.526 7 Novaluron : 0.101 0.130 0.213 0.163 6 Permethrin : 0.125 0.150 0.200 0.170 5 Petroleum distillate : 7.000 15.167 35.000 17.808 4 Petroleum oil : 1.572 9.333 35.000 14.180 18 Phosmet : 0.591 1.540 2.620 1.609 4 Pyridaben : 0.155 0.234 0.345 0.248 4 Spinosad : 0.063 0.113 0.125 0.104 6 Thiacloprid : 0.094 0.188 0.215 0.167 5 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Apples: Rate Per Application Distribution, Program States, 2007 1/ (continued) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 10th : : 90th : : Active Ingredient : Percentile : Median : Percentile : Mean : cv(%) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----------------- Pounds per Acre ----------------- : : Fungicides : Basic copper sulfate : 0.284 1.136 2.000 1.239 15 Boscalid : 0.008 0.014 0.016 0.014 11 Calcium polysulfide : 9.000 16.167 26.400 16.190 5 Captan : 0.944 1.967 3.000 1.988 3 Copper hydroxide : 1.250 2.500 4.200 2.617 6 Copper oxychlo. sul. : 0.300 1.250 3.000 1.529 17 Copper oxychloride : 1.000 3.000 4.000 2.526 17 Copper sulfate : 0.158 0.945 1.512 0.789 19 Cyprodinil : 0.117 0.188 0.234 0.183 4 Dodine : 0.425 0.850 1.258 0.800 7 Fenarimol : 0.031 0.063 0.094 0.067 5 Kresoxim-methyl : 0.063 0.125 0.156 0.111 4 Mancozeb : 1.333 2.250 4.500 2.676 5 Metiram : 1.290 2.400 3.840 2.586 6 Myclobutanil : 0.069 0.125 0.200 0.128 8 Oxytetracycline : 0.170 0.170 0.170 0.171 4 Pyraclostrobin : * 0.001 0.001 0.001 11 Pyrimethanil : 0.146 0.195 0.391 0.239 7 Streptomycin : 0.085 0.170 0.255 0.173 6 Streptomycin sulfate : 0.148 0.283 0.400 0.281 9 Sulfur : 2.925 6.000 9.000 6.290 5 Thiophanate-methyl : 0.175 0.350 0.525 0.375 4 Triadimefon : 0.063 0.125 0.250 0.131 12 Trifloxystrobin : 0.039 0.063 0.078 0.066 3 Triflumizole : 0.130 0.250 0.375 0.276 8 Ziram : 1.310 2.787 5.238 3.009 5 : Other Chemicals : Benzyladenine : 0.011 0.037 0.059 0.034 15 Butenoic Acid Hydro. : 0.044 0.055 0.110 0.071 22 Dodecadien-1-ol : 0.002 0.009 0.014 0.012 29 Ethephon : 0.124 0.500 1.000 0.485 10 Gibberellins A4A7 : 0.011 0.019 0.038 0.024 22 NAA : 0.004 0.007 0.072 0.020 24 NAA, Potassium salt : 0.003 0.014 0.110 0.036 32 NAA, Sodium : 0.003 0.009 0.026 0.012 13 Prohexadione calcium : 0.092 0.206 0.321 0.213 6 Spirodiclofen : 0.125 0.250 0.281 0.208 6 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Rate per acre is less than 0.0005 lbs. 1/ Bearing acreage in 2007 for the 7 Program States was 288,000 acres. Apples: Rate per Crop Year Distribution, Program States, 2007 1/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 10th : : 90th : : Active Ingredient : Percentile : Median : Percentile : Mean : cv(%) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----------------- Pounds per Acre ----------------- : : Herbicides : 2,4-D, dimeth. salt : 0.594 1.425 1.900 1.280 7 Diuron : 0.800 1.000 4.000 1.688 17 Glyphosate iso. salt : 0.750 1.500 3.000 1.925 11 Paraquat : 0.500 1.250 2.500 1.440 21 Pendimethalin : 1.250 1.519 3.000 2.055 16 Simazine : 0.576 2.000 4.000 1.843 10 : Insecticides : Abamectin : 0.006 0.012 0.023 0.012 8 Acetamiprid : 0.131 0.157 0.543 0.254 9 Azinphos-methyl : 0.789 2.000 3.750 2.045 4 Benzoic acid : 0.150 0.250 0.500 0.273 5 Carbaryl : 0.500 1.000 3.000 1.566 12 Chlorpyrifos : 1.000 1.500 2.498 1.732 6 Diazinon : 0.750 1.875 2.500 2.078 18 Emamectin benzoate : 0.011 0.014 0.030 0.016 6 Endosulfan : 1.000 1.250 3.000 1.723 12 Esfenvalerate : 0.017 0.052 0.126 0.064 12 Etoxazole : 0.045 0.090 0.113 0.088 12 Fenpropathrin : 0.169 0.300 0.713 0.402 8 Fenpyroximate : 0.050 0.100 0.100 0.091 15 Gamma-cyhalothrin : 0.006 0.031 0.041 0.030 9 Imidacloprid : 0.038 0.078 0.400 0.128 27 Kaolin : 47.500 51.300 142.500 75.830 12 Lambda-cyhalothrin : 0.025 0.039 0.075 0.048 8 Methomyl : 0.450 0.600 1.800 0.943 10 Novaluron : 0.130 0.208 0.389 0.238 6 Permethrin : 0.125 0.200 0.450 0.242 13 Petroleum distillate : 10.500 28.000 49.000 31.410 9 Petroleum oil : 0.980 21.000 42.000 20.719 15 Phosmet : 1.050 3.220 6.650 3.561 6 Pyridaben : 0.165 0.239 0.345 0.262 7 Spinosad : 0.063 0.125 0.250 0.146 11 Thiacloprid : 0.130 0.188 0.500 0.258 9 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Apples: Rate per Crop Year Distribution, Program States, 2007 1/ (continued) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 10th : : 90th : : Active Ingredient : Percentile : Median : Percentile : Mean : cv(%) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----------------- Pounds per Acre ----------------- : : Fungicides : Basic copper sulfate : 0.284 1.136 2.000 1.523 22 Boscalid : 0.011 0.016 0.032 0.020 11 Calcium polysulfide : 9.000 18.000 48.000 23.579 14 Captan : 3.204 8.602 18.000 10.274 10 Copper hydroxide : 1.500 3.000 5.000 3.361 10 Copper oxychlo. sul. : 0.750 1.500 4.000 2.264 14 Copper oxychloride : 1.000 3.000 4.000 2.626 17 Copper sulfate : 0.158 1.008 2.995 1.257 33 Cyprodinil : 0.141 0.234 0.469 0.276 12 Dodine : 0.425 0.850 2.125 1.223 15 Fenarimol : 0.053 0.078 0.172 0.091 8 Kresoxim-methyl : 0.084 0.156 0.375 0.190 5 Mancozeb : 2.250 6.225 13.500 7.309 5 Metiram : 2.400 7.200 13.600 8.078 7 Myclobutanil : 0.100 0.182 0.250 0.191 5 Oxytetracycline : 0.170 0.170 0.340 0.207 13 Pyraclostrobin : 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.001 11 Pyrimethanil : 0.188 0.296 0.570 0.323 7 Streptomycin : 0.017 0.213 0.510 0.273 14 Streptomycin sulfate : 0.160 0.399 0.850 0.511 16 Sulfur : 6.300 9.975 24.000 13.630 10 Thiophanate-methyl : 0.263 0.700 2.065 0.939 9 Triadimefon : 0.063 0.188 0.250 0.207 19 Trifloxystrobin : 0.063 0.078 0.156 0.103 5 Triflumizole : 0.250 0.375 0.781 0.465 8 Ziram : 2.280 4.560 11.556 6.100 6 : Other Chemicals : Benzyladenine : 0.011 0.030 0.079 0.043 22 Butenoic Acid Hydro. : 0.044 0.047 0.110 0.075 24 Dodecadien-1-ol : 0.002 0.012 0.027 0.016 35 Ethephon : 0.250 0.500 1.000 0.615 10 Gibberellins A4A7 : 0.011 0.019 0.038 0.024 22 NAA : 0.007 0.017 0.072 0.033 18 NAA, Potassium salt : 0.003 0.010 0.110 0.045 44 NAA, Sodium : 0.005 0.013 0.035 0.017 9 Prohexadione calcium : 0.103 0.392 0.828 0.422 10 Spirodiclofen : 0.141 0.250 0.313 0.239 6 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Bearing acreage in 2007 for the 7 Program States was 288,000 acres. Organic Apples: Percent of Acres Treated Distribution, Program States, 2007 1/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 10th : : 90th : : Active Ingredient : Percentile : Median : Percentile : Mean : cv(%) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Insecticides : Bt subsp. kurstaki : 0 100 100 53 7 Cyd-X Granulo. Virus : 0 100 100 56 7 Petroleum distillate : 0 0 100 49 15 Spinosad : 0 19 100 49 8 : Fungicides : Calcium polysulfide : 0 100 100 66 7 Sulfur : 0 0 100 41 13 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Bearing acreage in 2007 for the 6 Program States was 10,500 acres. Organic Apples: Number of Applications Distribution, Program States, 2007 1/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 10th : : 90th : : Active Ingredient : Percentile : Median : Percentile : Mean : cv(%) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Insecticides : Bt subsp. kurstaki : 1 2 3 2 15 Cyd-X Granulo. Virus : 1 2 8 4 20 Petroleum distillate : 1 3 10 5 20 Spinosad : 1 1 5 2 22 : Fungicides : Calcium polysulfide : 1 2 4 2 17 Sulfur : 1 1 5 2 20 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Bearing acreage in 2007 for the 6 Program States was 10,500 acres. Organic Apples: Rate Per Application Distribution, Program States, 2007 1/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 10th : : 90th : : Active Ingredient : Percentile : Median : Percentile : Mean : cv(%) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----------------- Pounds per Acre ----------------- : : Insecticides : Petroleum distillate : 7.000 9.947 21.500 12.616 12 Spinosad : 0.075 0.100 0.150 0.099 6 : Fungicides : Calcium polysulfide : 5.250 16.167 27.000 17.147 17 Sulfur : 5.016 7.618 12.113 8.047 11 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Bearing acreage in 2007 for the 6 Program States was 10,500 acres. Organic Apples: Rate per Crop Year Distribution, Program States, 2007 1/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 10th : : 90th : : Active Ingredient : Percentile : Median : Percentile : Mean : cv(%) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----------------- Pounds per Acre ----------------- : : Insecticides : Petroleum distillate : 7.000 42.000 189.000 64.314 20 Spinosad : 0.100 0.150 0.500 0.226 19 : Fungicides : Calcium polysulfide : 9.000 26.190 108.000 35.424 31 Sulfur : 5.520 8.000 25.650 17.879 29 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Bearing acreage in 2007 for the 6 Program States was 10,500 acres. Integrated Pest Management Practices - Highlights Overview: The following tables present data on pest management practices that growers use on field and fruit crop acres to control pests. Each question has been placed into one of four pest management categories: Prevention, Avoidance, Monitoring, or Suppression. The actual questions used to collect these data are shown in the survey instrument on page 121. It is important to note that the practice of good pest management is site-specific in nature, and individual tactics are principally determined by the particular crop/pest/environment scenario. The data are published in two tables: Percent of Farms Utilizing Practice, and Percent of Acres Utilizing Practice. These percentages are published at the Program State and State levels. For all the crops in this survey, the percentages refer only to farms and acres. Producers were first asked how many total acres of crops they grew in 2007, followed by questions regarding the use of specific pest management practices, in a yes/no format. Pests were defined as weeds, insects, or diseases. If the respondent used a specific practice on any crop, it was assumed that the practice was used on all of the crop acres. For example, if a producer had 100 acres of various apple crops, and used field mapping of previous weed problems to assist in making weed management decisions, it was assumed that all 100 acres were mapped. Cotton: Applying herbicides after weeds emerged was the most commonly reported pest management practice for prevention, used by 90 percent of the cotton farms, on 88 percent of the acres. The next most commonly used prevention practices were; applying insecticides to the cotton field and applying herbicides before weeds emerged, used by 75 and 68 percent of the cotton farms, on 65 and 73 percent of the acres, respectively. For avoidance practices, choosing a crop variety for pest resistance was used by the majority of cotton farms, 59 percent, on 58 percent of the acreage. The second most commonly utilized avoidance practice was rotating crops to control pest, used by 44 percent of cotton farmers on 40 percent of the acreage. For monitoring practices, scouting for insects and mites along with scouting for weeds were the most commonly used scouting practices, used on 93 and 92 percent of the farms that produced cotton, respectively. Scouting for weeds and scouting for insects and mites were the most common monitoring practice, occurring on 92 and 91 percent of the cotton acres, respectively. The most widely used pest suppression practice was the use scouting to make decisions and maintaining ground cover or physical barriers. These practices were used on 36 and 30 percent of the cotton farms. The suppression practice of scouting to make decisions and maintaining ground cover or physical barriers were used on 33 and 27 percent of the acreage, respectively. Apples: Applying insecticides to the apple block was the most commonly reported prevention practice, used by 93 percent of the apple farms, on 96 percent of the acres. The next most commonly used prevention practice was chopping, spraying, mowing and plowing field edges within the block used by 80 percent of the apple farms, on 85 percent of the acres. For avoidance practices, adjusting harvesting dates was the most commonly utilized avoidance practice used by 12 percent of the apple farms, on 10 percent of the acreage. The second most commonly utilized avoidance practice was choosing a crop variety for pest resistance, used by 9 percent of apple farmers on 8 percent of the acres. For monitoring practices, scouting for insects or mites along with scouting for diseases were the most commonly applied monitoring practices, used on 95 and 92 percent of the farms, respectively. Scouting for insects or mites was usually done by the farm supply or chemical dealer while scouting for diseases was usually done by the operator, partner, or family member. Scouting for insects or mites along with scouting for diseases were the most common monitoring practices, occurring on 98 and 96 percent of the apple acres, respectively. The most widely used pest suppression practice was to alternate pesticides with different MOA and maintaining ground cover or physical barriers. These practices were used on 75 and 64 percent of the farms. The suppression practice of alternating pesticides with different MOA and maintaining ground cover or physical barriers were used on 76 and 70 percent of the acreage, respectively. Organic Apples: Applying insecticides to the apple block was the most commonly reported prevention practice, used by 73 percent of the apple farms, on 76 percent of the acres. The next most commonly used prevention practice was chopping, spraying, mowing and plowing field edges within the block used by 66 percent of the apple farms, on 72 percent of the acres. For avoidance practices, choosing a crop variety for pest resistance was used by 13 percent the of the organic apple farms, on 17 percent of the acreage. The second most commonly utilized avoidance practice was adjusting harvesting dates to control pest, used by 7 percent of organic apple farmers on 13 percent of the acres. For monitoring practices, scouting for insects or mites along with scouting for diseases were the most commonly applied monitoring practices, used on 96 and 93 percent of the farms that produced organic apples, respectively. Scouting for insects or mites was usually done by the operator, partner, or family member. Scouting for insects or mites along with scouting for diseases were the most common monitoring practices, occurring on 99 and 98 percent of the apple acres, respectively. The most widely used pest suppression practice was to maintain ground cover or physical barriers along with using biological pest controls. These practices were used on 71 and 68 percent of the organic apple farms. The suppression practice of using biological pesticides and maintaining ground cover or physical barriers were both used on 74 percent of the acreage. The suppression practice of utilizing biologicals to control pest was used on 78 percent of the acreage. Pest Management Practices Percent of Farms Utilizing Practice All Cotton, 2007 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Practice : States :----------------------------- :ALL : AL : AR : CA : GA : LA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Prevention Practices: : No-till or minimum till used to manage pests : 57 50 68 34 64 68 Plow down crop residue : 41 28 47 71 34 56 Remove/burn down crop residue : 23 21 26 23 26 40 Clean implements after fieldwork : 51 32 45 55 63 27 Field cultivated for weed control : 25 3 23 94 10 5 Field edges/etc. chopped, mowed/etc. : 60 45 63 66 72 66 Water management practice : 5 2 17 30 2 5 Treat seed for insect or disease after purchase : 21 21 24 12 26 28 Applied herbicides before weeds emerged : 68 54 61 53 92 57 Routine treatment for the presence of weeds : 91 85 81 85 98 94 Weeds scouted from the previous year : 8 15 19 15 2 6 Applied herbicides after weeds emerged : 90 90 88 58 88 98 Routine treatment for the presence of weeds : 66 83 63 62 76 57 Weeds scouted from the previous year : 33 17 36 38 24 43 Applied insecticides to this cotton field : 75 68 92 82 84 99 Routine treatment for the presence of insects : 38 62 25 41 31 18 Scouted for insect infestation : 62 38 72 59 69 82 Used flamer to kill weeds : * 1 * Maintain beneficial insect or vertebrate habitat : 13 19 11 19 8 11 Protection of beneficial organisms : 25 34 34 36 9 37 : Avoidance Practices: : Adjust planting/harvesting dates : 21 27 17 20 28 29 Rotate crops to control pests : 44 46 14 44 75 59 Planting locations planned to avoid pests : 14 10 9 18 18 27 Crop variety chosen for pest resistance : 59 53 51 37 74 68 : Monitoring Practices: : Deliberate scouting activities : 83 74 97 89 93 94 Scouting by general observation : 14 17 3 10 7 6 Field was not scouted : 3 9 1 * Scouted for pests : 49 55 69 63 43 53 Scouting due to pest advisory warning : 19 20 9 23 40 15 Scouting due to pest development model : 19 23 30 15 26 7 Scouted for weeds : 92 83 91 97 98 97 Scouting for weeds was done by: : Operator, partner, or family member : 57 65 21 24 57 46 An employee : 3 1 1 5 1 5 Farm supply or chemical dealer : 3 * 3 32 Indep. crop consultant or comm. scout : 37 33 74 40 42 49 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Pest Management Practices Percent of Farms Utilizing Practice All Cotton, 2007 -continued ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Practice : States :----------------------------- : MS : MO : NC : SC : TN : TX ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Prevention Practices: : No-till or minimum till used to manage pests : 62 49 72 72 63 39 Plow down crop residue : 38 16 28 27 14 61 Remove/burn down crop residue : 31 35 24 14 44 12 Clean implements after fieldwork : 55 9 45 67 56 60 Field cultivated for weed control : 9 28 3 8 3 60 Field edges/etc. chopped, mowed/etc. : 89 23 55 41 66 57 Water management practice : 7 2 2 2 4 Treat seed for insect or disease after purchase : 10 35 28 6 11 20 Applied herbicides before weeds emerged : 52 62 64 77 65 74 Routine treatment for the presence of weeds : 90 100 89 84 96 92 Weeds scouted from the previous year : 9 10 16 4 7 Applied herbicides after weeds emerged : 99 99 97 96 92 84 Routine treatment for the presence of weeds : 77 87 61 69 51 58 Weeds scouted from the previous year : 22 13 39 31 49 40 Applied insecticides to this cotton field : 93 79 76 89 91 49 Routine treatment for the presence of insects : 34 41 45 48 36 39 Scouted for insect infestation : 65 59 55 52 64 60 Used flamer to kill weeds : 1 1 1 Maintain beneficial insect or vertebrate habitat : 26 3 12 15 7 16 Protection of beneficial organisms : 33 36 27 17 15 24 : Avoidance Practices: : Adjust planting/harvesting dates : 30 4 29 12 9 16 Rotate crops to control pests : 28 13 55 55 19 45 Planting locations planned to avoid pests : 14 5 19 19 6 11 Crop variety chosen for pest resistance : 64 45 70 50 41 59 : Monitoring Practices: : Deliberate scouting activities : 92 94 88 86 91 63 Scouting by general observation : 7 2 9 14 8 32 Field was not scouted : 1 4 2 * 1 5 Scouted for pests : 59 72 58 39 41 32 Scouting due to pest advisory warning : 17 18 18 11 16 14 Scouting due to pest development model : 25 10 18 11 33 10 Scouted for weeds : 90 79 95 99 99 89 Scouting for weeds was done by: : Operator, partner, or family member : 64 28 59 78 40 75 An employee : 10 4 2 7 1 Farm supply or chemical dealer : * 1 * 3 4 Indep. crop consultant or comm. scout : 25 72 35 20 50 20 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Pest Management Practices Percent of Farms Utilizing Practice All Cotton, 2007 -continued ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Practice : States :----------------------------- :ALL : AL : AR : CA : GA : LA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Scouted for insects or mites : 93 88 100 99 97 100 Scouting for insects or mites was done by: : Operator, partner, or family member : 41 50 9 15 46 4 An employee : 2 1 1 3 1 3 Farm supply or chemical dealer : 4 1 3 36 Indep. crop consultant or comm. scout : 53 49 87 46 53 93 Scouted for diseases : 81 73 90 92 86 94 Scouting for diseases was done by: : Operator, partner, or family member : 44 56 11 17 46 22 An employee : 2 1 2 3 1 3 Farm supply or chemical dealer : 3 * 3 36 Indep. crop consultant or comm. scout : 51 43 84 45 53 75 Records kept to track pests : 43 42 66 74 40 72 Field mapping of weed problems : 10 8 8 21 4 9 Soil/plant tissue analysis to detect pests : 7 8 4 6 13 5 Weather monitoring : 68 51 80 50 78 89 Pesticide applicator training : 31 22 14 50 21 25 : Suppression Practices: : Biological pest controls : 8 6 15 5 1 12 Biological pesticides : 12 15 20 14 7 15 Beneficial organisms : 1 3 1 Scouting used to make decisions : 36 46 51 47 35 35 Maintain ground cover or physical barriers : 30 43 13 12 39 17 Adjust planting methods : 12 10 4 19 25 16 Alternate pesticides with different MOA : 29 18 38 46 28 64 Maintain buffer strips or border rows : 3 7 3 4 6 2 Grow a trap crop : 4 8 2 1 3 4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Pest Management Practices Percent of Farms Utilizing Practice All Cotton, 2007 -continued ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Practice : States :----------------------------- : MS : MO : NC : SC : TN : TX ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Scouted for insects or mites : 99 96 96 99 98 80 Scouting for insects or mites was done by: : Operator, partner, or family member : 14 15 58 61 33 58 An employee : 3 4 2 6 * Farm supply or chemical dealer : 4 1 1 * 4 8 Indep. crop consultant or comm. scout : 79 84 37 37 57 34 Scouted for diseases : 81 83 92 88 96 61 Scouting for diseases was done by: : Operator, partner, or family member : 25 17 59 68 41 58 An employee : 2 4 1 7 * Farm supply or chemical dealer : * 1 1 * 3 6 Indep. crop consultant or comm. scout : 72 82 37 30 49 36 Records kept to track pests : 59 80 39 28 33 27 Field mapping of weed problems : 7 18 17 14 8 8 Soil/plant tissue analysis to detect pests : 7 14 11 5 2 3 Weather monitoring : 95 48 68 68 79 55 Pesticide applicator training : 30 17 46 19 50 34 : Suppression Practices: : Biological pest controls : 4 22 9 12 * Biological pesticides : 5 13 14 18 13 11 Beneficial organisms : * 1 1 Scouting used to make decisions : 53 33 42 29 26 23 Maintain ground cover or physical barriers : 29 16 46 28 14 27 Adjust planting methods : 11 * 11 5 4 13 Alternate pesticides with different MOA : 54 12 34 25 35 13 Maintain buffer strips or border rows : 4 1 1 3 6 1 Grow a trap crop : 8 4 1 5 3 5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Percentage is less than 0.5 Pest Management Practices Percent of Acres Utilizing Practice All Cotton, 2007 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Practice : States :----------------------------- :ALL : AL : AR : CA : GA : LA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Prevention Practices: : No-till or minimum till used to manage pests : 54 54 67 31 67 63 Plow down crop residue : 51 25 47 79 38 50 Remove/burn down crop residue : 20 22 28 24 28 37 Clean implements after fieldwork : 57 26 33 57 66 32 Field cultivated for weed control : 38 4 20 92 6 5 Field edges/etc. chopped, mowed/etc. : 59 38 62 69 72 66 Water management practice : 7 2 17 29 3 5 Treat seed for insect or disease after purchase : 22 31 24 13 23 28 Applied herbicides before weeds emerged : 73 55 63 53 92 57 Routine treatment for the presence of weeds : 92 80 79 86 98 97 Weeds scouted from the previous year : 7 18 21 14 2 3 Applied herbicides after weeds emerged : 88 91 89 58 87 98 Routine treatment for the presence of weeds : 67 77 59 63 73 59 Weeds scouted from the previous year : 32 22 40 37 27 41 Applied insecticides to this cotton field : 65 55 90 83 85 99 Routine treatment for the presence of insects : 35 50 27 36 24 26 Scouted for insect infestation : 65 50 72 64 76 74 Used flamer to kill weeds : * 1 * Maintain beneficial insect or vertebrate habitat : 14 20 11 17 6 10 Protection of beneficial organisms : 25 46 34 33 9 37 : Avoidance Practices: : Adjust planting/harvesting dates : 20 24 10 21 29 23 Rotate crops to control pests : 40 46 19 45 75 53 Planting locations planned to avoid pests : 12 15 8 17 22 24 Crop variety chosen for pest resistance : 58 44 48 31 75 66 : Monitoring Practices: : Deliberate scouting activities : 77 75 98 91 93 97 Scouting by general observation : 21 15 2 8 7 3 Field was not scouted : 2 10 1 * Scouted for pests : 42 51 71 68 41 55 Scouting due to pest advisory warning : 18 16 8 25 40 17 Scouting due to pest development model : 18 23 31 20 24 6 Scouted for weeds : 92 78 93 97 96 98 Scouting for weeds was done by: : Operator, partner, or family member : 60 62 19 22 50 35 An employee : 4 2 * 6 1 9 Farm supply or chemical dealer : 3 * 2 32 Indep. crop consultant or comm. scout : 33 36 79 40 49 56 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Pest Management Practices Percent of Acres Utilizing Practice All Cotton, 2007 -continued ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Practice : States :----------------------------- : MS : MO : NC : SC : TN : TX ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Prevention Practices: : No-till or minimum till used to manage pests : 60 48 74 73 71 45 Plow down crop residue : 40 18 26 23 19 64 Remove/burn down crop residue : 27 30 19 11 45 12 Clean implements after fieldwork : 55 13 49 63 65 66 Field cultivated for weed control : 4 39 3 7 9 61 Field edges/etc. chopped, mowed/etc. : 87 28 49 36 67 56 Water management practice : 8 1 7 5 6 Treat seed for insect or disease after purchase : 7 38 41 5 21 20 Applied herbicides before weeds emerged : 60 59 63 71 73 79 Routine treatment for the presence of weeds : 92 100 86 84 94 93 Weeds scouted from the previous year : 8 13 16 6 5 Applied herbicides after weeds emerged : 99 99 95 96 95 87 Routine treatment for the presence of weeds : 84 85 54 61 58 67 Weeds scouted from the previous year : 15 15 45 39 42 32 Applied insecticides to this cotton field : 97 83 80 92 94 42 Routine treatment for the presence of insects : 31 44 43 48 34 39 Scouted for insect infestation : 68 56 57 52 66 60 Used flamer to kill weeds : 1 * 1 Maintain beneficial insect or vertebrate habitat : 23 4 19 9 13 16 Protection of beneficial organisms : 41 30 27 14 18 22 : Avoidance Practices: : Adjust planting/harvesting dates : 19 5 35 11 9 20 Rotate crops to control pests : 25 16 59 56 17 38 Planting locations planned to avoid pests : 9 7 22 14 3 10 Crop variety chosen for pest resistance : 73 43 68 52 34 60 : Monitoring Practices: : Deliberate scouting activities : 93 96 88 84 93 61 Scouting by general observation : 6 1 9 15 6 36 Field was not scouted : 1 3 3 1 * 3 Scouted for pests : 51 75 62 40 39 28 Scouting due to pest advisory warning : 17 17 18 14 20 15 Scouting due to pest development model : 20 9 19 10 30 15 Scouted for weeds : 93 80 93 97 100 92 Scouting for weeds was done by: : Operator, partner, or family member : 59 21 62 76 46 79 An employee : 21 3 3 11 1 Farm supply or chemical dealer : * 1 1 3 2 Indep. crop consultant or comm. scout : 20 79 35 21 40 18 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Pest Management Practices Percent of Acres Utilizing Practice All Cotton, 2007 -continued ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Practice : States :----------------------------- :ALL : AL : AR : CA : GA : LA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Scouted for insects or mites : 91 86 100 99 98 100 Scouting for insects or mites was done by: : Operator, partner, or family member : 43 43 8 11 42 2 An employee : 2 2 * 4 1 3 Farm supply or chemical dealer : 5 1 2 38 Indep. crop consultant or comm. scout : 51 55 90 47 57 94 Scouted for diseases : 76 70 91 94 83 93 Scouting for diseases was done by: : Operator, partner, or family member : 43 52 12 13 41 18 An employee : 2 2 1 5 1 4 Farm supply or chemical dealer : 4 * 2 38 Indep. crop consultant or comm. scout : 51 46 85 45 57 78 Records kept to track pests : 41 39 69 73 43 70 Field mapping of weed problems : 9 5 6 21 5 9 Soil/plant tissue analysis to detect pests : 6 5 6 10 13 3 Weather monitoring : 68 57 80 57 81 89 Pesticide applicator training : 32 22 11 44 21 25 : Suppression Practices: : Biological pest controls : 5 5 17 6 1 10 Biological pesticides : 10 12 23 11 8 9 Beneficial organisms : 1 2 2 Scouting used to make decisions : 33 46 48 51 41 35 Maintain ground cover or physical barriers : 27 40 15 12 35 13 Adjust planting methods : 13 9 4 23 26 18 Alternate pesticides with different MOA : 23 13 39 53 23 62 Maintain buffer strips or border rows : 3 4 3 6 6 2 Grow a trap crop : 3 3 1 2 4 8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Pest Management Practices Percent of Acres Utilizing Practice All Cotton, 2007 -continued ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Practice : States :----------------------------- : MS : MO : NC : SC : TN : TX ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Scouted for insects or mites : 99 97 95 99 100 83 Scouting for insects or mites was done by: : Operator, partner, or family member : 12 9 60 60 38 62 An employee : 5 3 3 7 * Farm supply or chemical dealer : 3 2 1 1 5 5 Indep. crop consultant or comm. scout : 80 89 36 37 50 32 Scouted for diseases : 85 84 89 90 98 63 Scouting for diseases was done by: : Operator, partner, or family member : 17 10 60 71 47 62 An employee : 4 2 1 11 * Farm supply or chemical dealer : 1 3 * 1 3 3 Indep. crop consultant or comm. scout : 78 87 38 28 39 35 Records kept to track pests : 50 85 44 28 34 27 Field mapping of weed problems : 9 20 21 13 12 8 Soil/plant tissue analysis to detect pests : 6 14 8 3 2 3 Weather monitoring : 95 42 70 65 78 61 Pesticide applicator training : 27 17 49 27 47 36 : Suppression Practices: : Biological pest controls : 2 24 7 16 * Biological pesticides : 3 13 19 18 14 7 Beneficial organisms : 1 1 1 Scouting used to make decisions : 58 38 44 32 29 21 Maintain ground cover or physical barriers : 17 23 51 32 20 29 Adjust planting methods : 10 * 13 7 4 14 Alternate pesticides with different MOA : 52 16 39 28 43 9 Maintain buffer strips or border rows : 5 3 3 2 10 1 Grow a trap crop : 9 4 2 7 13 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Percentage is less than 0.5 Pest Management Practices Percent of Farms Utilizing Practice Apples, 2007 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Practice : States :--------------------------------------- :ALL : CA : MI : NY : NC : OR : PA : WA ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Prevention Practices: : Remove crop residue, leaf litter, or remove prunin : 62 63 75 60 80 45 65 59 Clean implements after block work : 47 43 35 43 71 44 21 59 Cultivate block for weed control : 10 32 2 2 4 12 3 14 Chop, spray, mow or plow : 80 54 86 83 78 78 88 81 Water management practice : 16 21 5 4 3 30 * 27 Applied herbicides before weeds emerged : 16 14 14 8 12 21 19 18 Routine treatment for the presence of weeds : 71 88 82 77 67 60 45 72 Weeds scouted from the previous year : 29 12 18 23 27 40 55 28 Applied herbicides after weeds emerged : 53 32 58 64 19 51 66 51 Routine treatment for the presence of weeds : 60 77 71 63 57 57 60 52 Weeds scouted from the previous year : 40 23 29 37 43 43 40 48 Applied insecticides to this apple block : 93 61 96 99 85 82 94 98 Routine treatment for the presence of insects : 41 52 32 25 71 48 31 50 Scouted for insect infestation : 59 48 68 75 29 52 69 50 Used flamer to kill weeds : 3 6 * 1 2 2 6 Maintain beneficial insect or vertebrate habitat : 45 34 47 27 22 64 42 53 Protection of beneficial organisms : 60 33 65 60 14 65 60 66 Non-chemical controls for deer : 13 29 17 27 5 5 14 3 : Avoidance Practices: : Adjust harvesting dates : 12 20 12 15 14 9 7 10 Crop variety chosen for pest resistance : 9 14 21 6 20 9 9 6 : Monitoring Practices: : Deliberate scouting activities : 85 56 88 92 56 65 87 90 Scouting by general observation : 11 34 6 5 20 26 9 9 Block was not scouted : 4 9 6 3 23 9 4 1 Scouted for pests : 73 31 71 80 31 56 66 84 Scouting due to pest advisory warning : 31 11 35 24 22 30 28 38 Scouting due to pest development model : 44 18 50 25 17 48 41 56 Scouted for weeds : 79 72 70 78 52 74 87 84 Scouting for weeds was done by: : Operator, partner, or family member : 51 78 60 51 89 67 61 39 An employee : 7 2 5 2 5 3 12 Farm supply or chemical dealer : 28 6 30 7 15 34 39 Indep. crop consultant or comm. scout : 15 15 6 41 11 13 2 10 Scouted for insects or mites : 95 88 91 96 74 86 94 98 Scouting for insects or mites was done by: : Operator, partner, or family member : 36 80 29 34 89 65 44 25 An employee : 6 3 8 2 5 3 8 Farm supply or chemical dealer : 40 5 54 15 16 48 53 Indep. crop consultant or comm. scout : 19 12 10 50 11 13 5 14 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Pest Management Practices Percent of Farms Utilizing Practice Apples, 2007 -continued ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Practice : States :--------------------------------------- :ALL : CA : MI : NY : NC : OR : PA : WA ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Scouted for diseases : 92 83 94 96 76 84 95 93 Scouting for diseases was done by: : Operator, partner, or family member : 39 78 31 34 89 66 46 30 An employee : 5 4 8 2 6 3 6 Farm supply or chemical dealer : 38 5 52 15 16 47 50 Indep. crop consultant or comm. scout : 18 13 9 49 11 12 4 13 Records kept to track pests : 62 33 58 78 30 49 52 67 Field mapping of weed problems : 12 1 10 7 11 9 7 18 Soil/plant tissue analysis to detect pests : 16 1 16 15 18 17 11 21 Weather monitoring : 85 49 94 94 80 87 92 85 Pesticide applicator training : 54 23 53 68 31 53 52 57 : Suppression Practices: : Biological pest controls : 53 35 35 20 14 59 51 78 Biological pesticides : 42 19 29 29 11 45 33 61 Beneficial organisms : 6 8 7 2 1 6 5 8 Scouting used to make decisions : 61 24 73 73 34 53 67 60 Maintain ground cover or physical barriers : 64 56 77 29 60 69 68 75 Living mulch : 55 60 56 45 18 31 60 58 Alternate pesticides with different MOA : 75 31 83 86 53 65 91 74 Maintain buffer strips or border rows : 9 8 2 3 1 4 2 17 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Percentage is less than 0.5 Pest Management Practices Percent of Acres Utilizing Practice Apples, 2007 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Practice : States :--------------------------------------- :ALL : CA : MI : NY : NC : OR : PA : WA ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Prevention Practices: : Remove crop residue, leaf litter, or remove prunin : 67 64 78 56 86 55 51 69 Clean implements after block work : 54 41 32 47 79 51 21 65 Cultivate block for weed control : 11 41 2 2 2 27 2 12 Chop, spray, mow or plow : 85 62 91 84 86 81 87 87 Water management practice : 20 17 7 4 1 35 1 31 Applied herbicides before weeds emerged : 19 26 16 14 10 24 27 19 Routine treatment for the presence of weeds : 75 84 86 91 84 67 38 75 Weeds scouted from the previous year : 25 16 14 9 15 33 62 25 Applied herbicides after weeds emerged : 56 37 58 71 15 69 75 54 Routine treatment for the presence of weeds : 52 76 62 64 41 43 57 42 Weeds scouted from the previous year : 48 24 38 36 59 57 43 58 Applied insecticides to this apple block : 96 69 99 98 95 95 95 99 Routine treatment for the presence of insects : 40 62 25 25 69 37 24 47 Scouted for insect infestation : 60 38 75 75 31 63 76 53 Used flamer to kill weeds : 3 9 * 1 * * 5 Maintain beneficial insect or vertebrate habitat : 51 30 39 31 15 68 43 64 Protection of beneficial organisms : 61 31 55 61 5 71 55 69 Non-chemical controls for deer : 10 23 15 34 2 6 13 1 : Avoidance Practices: : Adjust harvesting dates : 10 23 11 15 25 15 6 7 Crop variety chosen for pest resistance : 8 14 15 5 29 14 12 4 : Monitoring Practices: : Deliberate scouting activities : 88 57 95 94 63 77 91 90 Scouting by general observation : 10 39 3 5 14 21 6 9 Block was not scouted : 2 4 1 1 23 2 4 * Scouted for pests : 77 41 71 88 41 72 78 81 Scouting due to pest advisory warning : 33 17 41 25 36 31 41 35 Scouting due to pest development model : 51 18 62 44 13 50 49 56 Scouted for weeds : 85 86 69 82 44 86 91 90 Scouting for weeds was done by: : Operator, partner, or family member : 42 68 51 61 83 57 55 29 An employee : 13 1 13 2 10 2 19 Farm supply or chemical dealer : 33 8 31 4 13 42 43 Indep. crop consultant or comm. scout : 13 23 5 33 17 20 1 9 Scouted for insects or mites : 98 96 98 98 77 97 96 99 Scouting for insects or mites was done by: : Operator, partner, or family member : 28 68 27 35 85 50 41 18 An employee : 12 2 11 1 10 3 18 Farm supply or chemical dealer : 42 10 53 16 18 53 51 Indep. crop consultant or comm. scout : 18 21 9 48 15 23 3 13 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Pest Management Practices Percent of Acres Utilizing Practice Apples, 2007 -continued ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Practice : States :--------------------------------------- :ALL : CA : MI : NY : NC : OR : PA : WA ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Scouted for diseases : 96 92 99 98 77 96 95 97 Scouting for diseases was done by: : Operator, partner, or family member : 30 66 27 36 85 55 42 20 An employee : 11 2 11 1 10 3 16 Farm supply or chemical dealer : 42 10 53 16 17 53 51 Indep. crop consultant or comm. scout : 17 21 9 47 15 18 2 12 Records kept to track pests : 68 39 54 81 34 60 63 74 Field mapping of weed problems : 16 4 10 11 18 7 5 22 Soil/plant tissue analysis to detect pests : 18 1 28 9 18 31 23 20 Weather monitoring : 86 54 98 89 94 96 94 85 Pesticide applicator training : 56 14 55 62 36 57 61 60 : Suppression Practices: : Biological pest controls : 63 34 40 27 14 76 65 83 Biological pesticides : 43 23 33 32 11 50 35 54 Beneficial organisms : 11 13 7 4 * 7 13 13 Scouting used to make decisions : 62 27 84 77 38 68 75 56 Maintain ground cover or physical barriers : 70 46 85 32 69 71 67 81 Living mulch : 51 64 47 51 4 32 66 51 Alternate pesticides with different MOA : 76 32 78 88 68 79 94 76 Maintain buffer strips or border rows : 14 6 3 6 1 4 * 22 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Percentage is less than 0.5 Pest Management Practices Percent of Acres Utilizing Practice Organic Apples, 2007 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Practice : States :-------------- :ALL : WA :OS1/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------- : Prevention Practices: : Remove crop residue, leaf litter, or remove prunin : 55 62 38 Clean implements after block work : 57 74 18 Cultivate block for weed control : 76 84 58 Chop, spray, mow or plow : 72 89 35 Water management practice : 34 46 8 Applied herbicides before weeds emerged : Routine treatment for the presence of weeds : Weeds scouted from the previous year : Applied herbicides after weeds emerged : Routine treatment for the presence of weeds : Weeds scouted from the previous year : Applied insecticides to this apple block : 76 95 32 Routine treatment for the presence of insects : 36 35 43 Scouted for insect infestation : 64 65 57 Used flamer to kill weeds : 24 32 5 Maintain beneficial insect or vertebrate habitat : 69 88 26 Protection of beneficial organisms : 70 90 23 Non-chemical controls for deer : 6 * 20 : Avoidance Practices: : Adjust harvesting dates : 13 17 4 Crop variety chosen for pest resistance : 17 13 27 : Monitoring Practices: : Deliberate scouting activities : 80 98 40 Scouting by general observation : 19 2 57 Block was not scouted : 1 * 3 Scouted for pests : 74 93 29 Scouting due to pest advisory warning : 20 28 4 Scouting due to pest development model : 42 57 6 Scouted for weeds : 71 71 71 Scouting for weeds was done by: : Operator, partner, or family member : 50 34 88 An employee : 10 11 8 Farm supply or chemical dealer : 32 46 Indep. crop consultant or comm. scout : 7 8 4 Scouted for insects or mites : 99 100 96 Scouting for insects or mites was done by: : Operator, partner, or family member : 40 20 88 An employee : 6 6 8 Farm supply or chemical dealer : 43 60 * Indep. crop consultant or comm. scout : 11 14 4 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Pest Management Practices Percent of Farms Utilizing Practice Organic Apples, 2007 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Practice : States :-------------- :ALL : WA :OS1/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------- : Prevention Practices: : Remove crop residue, leaf litter, or remove prunin : 50 48 52 Clean implements after block work : 52 64 37 Cultivate block for weed control : 58 72 39 Chop, spray, mow or plow : 66 80 47 Water management practice : 30 43 12 Applied herbicides before weeds emerged : Routine treatment for the presence of weeds : Weeds scouted from the previous year : Applied herbicides after weeds emerged : Routine treatment for the presence of weeds : Weeds scouted from the previous year : Applied insecticides to this apple block : 73 89 50 Routine treatment for the presence of insects : 51 53 48 Scouted for insect infestation : 49 47 52 Used flamer to kill weeds : 31 44 14 Maintain beneficial insect or vertebrate habitat : 64 80 41 Protection of beneficial organisms : 65 86 37 Non-chemical controls for deer : 8 1 18 : Avoidance Practices: : Adjust harvesting dates : 7 6 9 Crop variety chosen for pest resistance : 13 8 21 : Monitoring Practices: : Deliberate scouting activities : 78 91 59 Scouting by general observation : 20 8 36 Block was not scouted : 3 1 5 Scouted for pests : 64 83 38 Scouting due to pest advisory warning : 19 29 5 Scouting due to pest development model : 37 57 9 Scouted for weeds : 62 71 50 Scouting for weeds was done by: : Operator, partner, or family member : 63 51 86 An employee : 14 15 11 Farm supply or chemical dealer : 19 29 Indep. crop consultant or comm. scout : 4 5 3 Scouted for insects or mites : 96 98 93 Scouting for insects or mites was done by: : Operator, partner, or family member : 57 35 88 An employee : 8 7 10 Farm supply or chemical dealer : 25 42 * Indep. crop consultant or comm. scout : 10 15 2 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Pest Management Practices Percent of Farms Utilizing Practice Organic Apples, 2007 -continued ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Practice : States :-------------- :ALL : WA :OS1/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Scouted for diseases : 93 97 87 Scouting for diseases was done by: : Operator, partner, or family member : 57 37 87 An employee : 9 7 10 Farm supply or chemical dealer : 25 41 * Indep. crop consultant or comm. scout : 10 15 2 Records kept to track pests : 58 79 29 Field mapping of weed problems : 8 11 3 Soil/plant tissue analysis to detect pests : 19 28 6 Weather monitoring : 63 82 38 Pesticide applicator training : 43 58 21 : Suppression Practices: : Biological pest controls : 68 88 41 Biological pesticides : 62 85 29 Beneficial organisms : 20 22 18 Scouting used to make decisions : 37 56 12 Maintain ground cover or physical barriers : 71 89 46 Living mulch : 65 63 68 Alternate pesticides with different MOA : 47 70 17 Maintain buffer strips or border rows : 53 74 24 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- * Percentage is less than 0.5 1/ Other States include CA, MI, NY, PA, and OR. Pesticide class, Common name, and Trade name The following is a list of common name, associated class, and trade name of active ingredients in this publication. The classes are herbicides (H), insecticides (I), fungicides (F), and other chemicals (O). This list is provided as an aid in reviewing pesticide data. Pre-mixes are not cataloged. The list is not complete for all pesticides used on field and fruit crops and NASS does not mean to promote use of any specific trade name. Pesticide Class, Common Names, and Trade Names ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Class : Common Names : Trade Names ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- O : (3S,6R)methylisoprop Red Scale Down O : (3S,6S)methylisoprop Red Scale Down H : 2,4-D Banvel 720, Unison H : 2,4-D, 2-EHE 2,4-D L.V. 4 Ester (3.84 lbs/g), 2,4-D LV4 (3.80 lbs/g), : 2,4-D LV6, Agsco 400 (EC), Barrage, Barrage HF, : Low Vol 4 Ester Weed Killer, Maestro D, Salvo, : Weedone LV4 EC H : 2,4-D, BEE Weedone LV6 H : 2,4-D, dieth. salt Hi-Dep, Weedar 64A H : 2,4-D, dimeth. salt 2,4-D Amine, 2,4-D Amine 4, 2,4-D Amine 6, Banvel + 2,4-D, : Hi-Dep, Saber, Savage, Triplet SF Selective Herbicide, : Weedar 64 I : Abamectin Abacus, Abba, Agri-Mek 0.15EC, Epi-mek 0.15 EC, : Paraspray 8-E, Zephyr 0.15 EC I : Acephate Acephate 75 WSP, Acephate 90SP, Acephate 97UP, Bracket 90, : Orthene 75 S, Orthene 75 WSP, Orthene 90 WSP, Orthene 90S, : Orthene 97 O : Acequinocyl Kanemite 15 SC I : Acetamiprid Assail 30 SG, Assail 70WP, Intruder WSP H : Acetochlor Degree H : Alachlor Bronco (4EC), Intrro (4E) I : Aldicarb Temik 15G, Temik TSX O : Alkyl. dim. benz. am Lysol H : Atrazine Atrazine 4L, Extrazine II 4L I : Azadirachtin Aza-Direct, Neemix 4.5, Neemix Botanical Insecticide I : Azinphos-methyl Azinphos-M 2 EC, Azinphos-M 50 WP, Azinphosmethyl 50W, : Guthion 2L, Guthion 35% WP, Guthion Solupak 50% F : Azoxystrobin Quadris, Uniform O : Bacillus cereus Mep-Plus, Pix Plus F : Bacillus pumilus Sonata AS F : Bacillus subtilus Serenade Biofungicide (WP), Serenade MAX H : Barban Carbyne 2EC F : Basic copper sulfate Basic Copper 53, Bonide Garden Dust, C-O-C-S WDG, : Cuprofix Disperss, Cuprofix Ultra 40D, : Super-Cu Copper Fungicide, Tri-Basic Copper I : Beauveria bassiana Mycotrol Botanigard ES F : Benomyl Benlate I : Benzoic acid Intrepid 2F, Intrepid 80 WSP O : Benzyladenine Accel PGR, Exilis Plus, Maxcel, Perlan PGR, Promalin PGR, : Typy I : Beta-cyfluthrin Baythroid XL I : Bifenazate Acramite 50WS I : Bifenthrin Attain Total Release, Bifenture EC, Brigade 2EC, : Brigade WSB 10WP, Capture 2EC, Discipline 2EC, Fanfare 2EC, : Sniper, Tundra EC F : Boscalid Pristine H : Bromacil Hyvar X (80WP) H : Bromoxynil octanoate Maestro D I : Bt subsp israelensis BMP 123 (2X) WP, Bt Dust No. 2, Raven ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --continued Pesticide Class, Common Names, and Trade Names - continued ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Class : Common Names : Trade Names ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I : Bt subsp. aizawai Xentari WDG I : Bt subsp. kurstaki Biobit HP, Deliver, Dipel 2X (WP), Dipel 4L, Dipel DF, : Dipel ES, Dipel WP, Javelin WG, Javelin WP I : Bt. (Berliner) Bt Sulfur 15-50 Dust I : Buprofezin Centaur, Courier 40 SC F : Butanone Triadimefon 50% DF O : Butenoic Acid Hydro. ReTain H : Butylate Sutan+ 6.7E O : Cacodylic acid Bolls-Eye, Quick Pick F : Calcium polysulfide Lilly Miller Dormant Spray, Lime Sulfur Solution, Sulforix, : Tetrasul 4s5 O : Capsaicin Browse Ban F : Captan Agway Fruit Tree Spray, Captan 4L, Captan 50W, : Captan 80 WDG, Captan 80-WP, Captec 4L I : Carbaryl Agway Fruit Tree Spray, Carbaryl 4L, Carbaryl 50W, Savit 4F, : Sevin 4F, Sevin 50W, Sevin 80S, Sevin 80WSP, Sevin SL, : Sevin XLR Plus I : Carbofuran Furadan 4F O : Carbon The Giant Destroyer F : Carboxin Vitavax-4G H : Carfentrazone-ethyl Aim (40% WDG), Aim EC, Aim EW, Shark, Shark EW H : Chlorimuron-ethyl Canopy SP O : Chlorophacinone Rozol (Pellets) F : Chlorothalonil Applause 720, Bravo 500, Bravo 720, Bravo Weather Stik, : Terranil 6L I : Chlorpyrifos Chlorpyrifos 4E AG, Dursban 1% Granules, Govern 4E, Lock-On, : Lorsban 4E, Lorsban 50W, Lorsban 75WG, Nufos 4E, : Pilot 4E-SG, Warhawk, Whirlwind, Yuma 4E O : Cholecalciferol Quintox Rat and Mouse Bait H : Clethodim Arrow 2EC, Prism, Select 2 EC, Volunteer I : Clofentezine Apollo SC H : Clomazone Command 3ME, Command 4EC I : Clothianidin Clutch 50 WDG F : Copper chloride hyd. Agra-cop 50WP F : Copper hydroxide Champ Dry Prill, Champ Formula 2, Champion WP, : GX-569 Fungicide/Bactericide, Kocide 2000, Kocide DF, : Kocide LF, Kop-Hydroxide 50, Nu-Cop 50DF F : Copper octanoate NEU1140F Copper Soap F : Copper oxide Nordox (WP), Nordox 75 WG F : Copper oxychlo. sul. C-O-C-S 50WP F : Copper oxychloride C-O-C-S WDG F : Copper sulfate Copper Sulfate, Copper Sulfate Powdered Bluestone H : Cyanazine Bladex 90DF, Cy-Pro 4L, Extrazine II 4L O : Cyclanilide Finish, Finish 6, Stance Plant Regulator I : Cyd-X Granulo. Virus CYD-X, Carpovirusine, Virosoft Bioinsecticide I : Cyfluthrin Baythroid 2 (EC), Leverage 2.7, Tombstone I : Cypermethrin Ammo 2.5 EC, Battery 2.5 EC, Cyper AG, Holster, : Tenkoz Cypermethrin, Up-Cyde 2.5 EC F : Cyprodinil Vangard WG ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --continued Pesticide Class, Common Names, and Trade Names - continued ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Class : Common Names : Trade Names ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- O : Cytokinins Cytokin Bioregulator Concentrate, Cytoplex HMS, : Foliar Triggrr, Stimplex I : Deltamethrin Battalion 0.2EC, Decis 1.5EC H : Desmedipham Betamix (EC) I : Diazinon D-z-n Diazinon 50W, Diazinon 4E, Diazinon 50W, KnoxOut NL H : Dicamba Banvel 720, Banvel SGF (2EC), : Oracle Dicamba Agricultural Herbicide, Vision (aka ALB 40) H : Dicamba, digly. salt Clarity H : Dicamba, dimet. salt Banvel (4L), Banvel + 2,4-D, Rifle, : Triplet SF Selective Herbicide H : Dicamba, sodium salt Dicamba SG H : Dichlobenil Casoron 4G O : Dichloropropene Telone II I : Dicofol Dicofol 4 E, Kelthane EC, Kelthane MF I : Dicrotophos Bidrin 8 I : Diflubenzuron Dimilin 2F O : Dimethipin Harvade - 5F I : Dimethoate Dimate 4EC, Dimethoate 2.67 EC, Dimethoate 400, : Dimethoate 4EC H : Diuron ADIOS, Direx 4L, Direx 80DF, Diuron 4L, Diuron 80DF, : Diuron 80W, Dropp Ultra, Ginstar EC, Karmex DF, Layby Pro O : Dodecadien-1-ol Checkmate CM, Checkmate CM-F, Isomate-C Plus, Isomate-C TT, : NoMate CM Spiral O : Dodecanol Isomate-C Plus, Isomate-C TT F : Dodine Cyprex 65-W, Syllit 65W, Syllit FL O : E-8-Dodecenyl acetat Checkmate OFM, Consep OFM Spr2m Pheromone Sprayable, : Isomate-M 100 I : Emamectin benzoate Denim, Proclaim I : Endosulfan Endosulfan 2EC, Endosulfan 3EC, Endosulfan 50W, Thiodan 3EC, : Thiodan 50WP, Thionex (Thiodan) 3EC, Thionex 50W O : Endothall Accelerate, Herbicide 273 I : Esfenvalerate Asana, Asana XL H : Ethalfluralin Sonalan HFP O : Ethephon Boll Buster, Boll'd, CottonQuik, Ethephon 2, Ethephon 6, : Ethrel Plant Regulator (2EC), Finish, Finish 6, FirstPick, : Flash Plant Regulator, MFX Cotton Harvest Aid, : Prep Brand Ethephon, Setup, Super Boll I : Ethion Ethion 10G, Ethion 25 WP, Ethion 8 EC I : Ethyl parathion Parathion 4L I : Etoxazole Zeal Miticide F : Etridiazole Temik TSX, Terraclor Super X (EC), Terraclor Super X 18.8G F : Fenarimol Rubigan A.S., Rubigan EC F : Fenbuconazole Indar 75 WSP I : Fenbutatin-oxide Vendex 50WP H : Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl Bugle, Silverado I : Fenpropathrin Danitol 2.4 EC Spray I : Fenpyroximate FujiMite F : Ferbam Carbamate 76WDG I : Flonicamid Beleaf SG, Carbine 50 WG ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --continued Pesticide Class, Common Names, and Trade Names - continued ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Class : Common Names : Trade Names ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- H : Fluazifop-P-butyl Fusilade DX I : Flucythrinate AAStar H : Flumiclorac-pentyl Resource H : Flumioxazin Chateau Herbicide SW, Chateau WDG, Valor WP H : Fluometuron Cotoran 4L, Cotoran 80W, Cotoran DF, Flo-Met 4L, : Flo-Met 80DF O : Fluthiacet-methyl Fluthiacet-methyl F : Flutolanil Moncut 50WP H : Fomesafen Reflex I : Formetanate hydro. Carzol SP F : Fosetyl-al Aliette WDG (For Crop Protection) I : Gamma-cyhalothrin Proaxis O : Garlic oil Envirepel O : Gibberellic acid Cytoplex HMS, PGR-IV, ProGibb 4%, : ProVide Plant Growth Regulator, RyzUp O : Gibberellins A4A7 Accel PGR, Perlan PGR, Promalin PGR, : TypRus Plant Growth Regulator, Typy H : Glufosinate-ammonium Ignite (only for cotton), Ignite 1SC (aka Rely), : Rely Herbicide H : Glyphosate Fireball, Sequence, Touchdown Herbicide, Touchdown HiTech, : Touchdown Total H : Glyphosate amm. salt Credit Duo Extra, Glyphosate-4DS, Roundup Ultra Dry H : Glyphosate iso. salt Accord XRT (aka GF-1279), Buccaneer, Buccaneer Plus, : ClearOut 41 Plus, Cornerstone, Credit, Credit Duo Extra, : Durango, Extra Credit 5, Gly Star Original, Gly Star Plus, : Gly-4 Plus, Glyfos X-TRA, Glyphomax, Glyphomax Plus, : Glyphomax XRT, Glyphosate 4 (Turf & Ornamental), : Glyphosate Original, Glyphosate-4DS, Helosate Plus, : Hi-Yield Killzall, Honcho, Honcho Plus, Mirage (4EC), : Mirage Plus, Roundup Custom, Roundup D-Pak, Roundup Export, : Roundup Original, Roundup Original II, Roundup Original Max, : Roundup Pro (T & O), Roundup Super Concentrate, : Roundup Ultra, Roundup Ultra Max, Roundup Weather Max, : Staple Plus H : Glyphosate pot. salt RT Master II O : Harpin a B protein ProAct I : Hexythiazonx Onager, Savey 50 DF, Savey 50 WP O : Hydrogen peroxide Oxidate H : Imazaquin, mon. salt Tri-Scept H : Imazethapyr, ammon. Pursuit W I : Imidacloprid Admire 2 Flowable, Admire Pro, Couraze 1.6F, Couraze 2F, : Couraze Max 4F, Impulse, Leverage 2.7, Nuprid, Pasada, : Prey 1.6 Insecticide, Provado 1.6 Flowable, : Provado Solupak (75WSP), Trimax, WRANGLER O : Indolebutyric acid Cytoplex HMS, PGR-IV I : Indoxacarb Avaunt Insecticide, Steward F : Iprodione Rovral 4 Flowable I : Kaolin Surround WP O : Kinetin Mepex Gin Out, Mepex Plus, Mepiquat Extra ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --continued Pesticide Class, Common Names, and Trade Names - continued ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Class : Common Names : Trade Names ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- F : Kresoxim-methyl Sovran H : Lactofen Cobra (2E) I : Lambda-cyhalothrin Karate (1EC), Karate Z, Lambda-T, Silencer, Taiga Z, : Warrior I : Lindane Lindane 20%EC H : Linuron Layby Pro, Linex 4L H : MCPP-P, DMA Salt Triplet SF Selective Herbicide H : MSMA MSMA 6 Plus, MSMA 6.6 (EC), MSMA 600 Plus, MSMA Plus, : MSMA Plus H.C. (6 lbs) I : Malathion Agway Fruit Tree Spray, Cythion ULV (9.33 lbs), : Fyfanon ULV 9.9lbs. (96.5%), Malathion 25 WP, : Malathion 5 EC (56%), Malathion 5 EC (57%), : Malathion 50% EC, Malathion 55, Malathion ULV 9.7lbs. (95%), : Malathion ULV 9.9lbs. (96.5%) F : Mancozeb Dithane 75DF Rainshield (For T & O), Dithane DF Rainshield, : Dithane F-45 Rainshield, Dithane M-45 (WP), Mancozeb 80% WP, : Manzate 200 DF, Manzate 200 WP, Manzate 75DF, : Penncozeb (80WP), Penncozeb 75DF F : Maneb Dithane M-22 Special (80WP) F : Mefenoxam Ridomil Gold EC, Ridomil Gold PC, Ridomil Gold PC GR, : Uniform O : Mepiquat chloride Compact, Mep-Plus, Mepex, Mepex Gin Out, Mepex Plus, : Mepichlor 4.2% Liquid, Mepichlor Pill, Mepiquat Chloride, : Mepiquat Extra, Pix, Pix Concentrate, Pix DF, Pix Plus, : Pix Ultra, Ponnax Growth Regulator, Stance Plant Regulator O : Mepiquat pentaborate Pentia F : Metalaxyl Proturf Fluid Fungicide II, Ridomil 2E O : Metam-potassium K-Pam HL I : Methamidophos Monitor 4 Spray (For Cotton & Potatoes) I : Methidathion Supracide 2E I : Methomyl Lannate L (1.8 lbs.), Lannate LV (2.4 lbs.), Lannate SP I : Methoxychlor Agway Fruit Tree Spray I : Methyl parathion Methyl Parathion 4EC, Methyl Parathion 6EC F : Metiram Polyram 80 DF, Polyram 80WP H : Metolachlor Dual 25G, Dual 8E, Dual II, Me-Too-Lachlor, : Me-Too-Lachlor II, Stalwart C H : Metribuzin Canopy SP, Sencor DF (75%) O : Mineral oil ProNatural Dormant Oil O : Monocarbamide dihyd. CottonQuik, FirstPick F : Myclobutanil Nova 40W, Rally 40W, Rally 40WSP O : NAA NAA-200 O : NAA, Ammonium salt Liqui-Stik Concentrate O : NAA, Ethyl ester Prune Smart Sprout Inhibitor O : NAA, Potassium salt Fruit Fix 200, Fruit Fix 800, NAA 2% WP, NAA-800 O : NAA, Sodium Fruitone-N O : NAD Amid-Thin W O : NRRL B-21856 Pantoea Agglomerans Strain E325 NRRL I : Naled Dibrom 8 Miscible, GH-18 H : Napropamide Devrinol 50-DF ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --continued Pesticide Class, Common Names, and Trade Names - continued ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Class : Common Names : Trade Names ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I : Neem oil, clar. hyd. Trilogy H : Nicosulfuron Accent Herbicide H : Norflurazon Solicam DF, Zorial Rapid 80 (DF) I : Novaluron Diamond 0.83EC, Pedestal, Rimon 0.83EC I : Octacide-264 Pyronyl Oil Concentrate OR-3610A O : Octadecadien (E,Z) Isomate-P Pheromone O : Octadecadien (Z,Z) Isomate-P Pheromone H : Oryzalin Oryzalin 4 A.S., Surflan AS Specialty (T & O) I : Oxamyl Vydate C-LV, Vydate L I : Oxydemeton-methyl Metasystox-R (2EC) H : Oxyfluorfen Goal 1.6E, Goal 2XL, Goaltender F : Oxytetracycline Mycoshield (WP) F : PCNB Ridomil Gold PC, Ridomil Gold PC GR, Temik TSX, : Terraclor Super X (EC), Terraclor Super X 18.8G H : Paraquat Cyclone, Firestorm, Gramoxone Extra, Gramoxone Inteon, : Gramoxone Max, Gramoxone Super, Ortho Paraquat CL, : Parazone 3SL, Starfire (1.5L) H : Pendimethalin Pendimethalin, Pendulum AquaCap Herbicide, Prowl (4EC), : Prowl 3.3 EC, Prowl DG, Prowl H2O, Stealth I : Permethrin Ambush, Ambush 25W, Perm-UP 3.2 EC, Permethrin 3.2 AG, : Pounce 25WP, Pounce 3.2EC I : Petroleum distillate Dormant Emulsion Oil, Gavicide Super 90, JMS Stylet-Oil, : Oil, Saf-T-Side, Sol Oil Plus, Sunspray 6E, : Sunspray Ultra-Fine Spray Oil, Superior Oil, : Supreme Oil Spray, Volck Supreme Spray I : Petroleum oil BioCover MLT, Damoil, Glacial Spray Fluid, : ProNatural All Season Spray Oil H : Phenmedipham Betamix (EC) I : Phorate AAStar, Thimet 15-G, Thimet 20-G I : Phosmet Imidan 50-WSB, Imidan 70 WSB (WP) F : Phosphorous acid Phostrol H : Picloram, K salt Tordon 22K (2EC) I : Piperonyl butoxide Bonide Rose, Flower & Ornamental Spray, : Diatect Multipurpose Insecticide, Pyrenone Crop Spray, : Pyreth-it, Pyronyl Oil Concentrate OR-3610A F : Potassium bicarbon. Armicarb 100, Kaligreen (WP), : MilStop Broad Spectrum Foliar Fungicide I : Potassium salts M-Pede I : Profenofos Curacron 6E, Curacron 8E O : Prohexadione calcium Apogee PGR H : Prometryn Caparol 4L, Cotton-Pro, Prometryne 4L, Suprend H : Pronamide Kerb 50WP Specicalty (Turf & Ornamental) I : Propargite Comite, Comite II H : Propazine Milogard 4L F : Propiconazole Orbit (3.6EC) H : Prosulfuron Peak (WDG) F : Pseudo. fluores A506 BlightBan A506 F : Pyraclostrobin Pristine H : Pyraflufen-ethyl ET ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --continued Pesticide Class, Common Names, and Trade Names - continued ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Class : Common Names : Trade Names ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I : Pyrethrins Bonide Garden Dust, Bonide Rose, Flower & Ornamental Spray, : Diatect Multipurpose Insecticide, PyGanic EC 1.4 II, : PyGanic EC 5.0 II, Pyrenone Crop Spray, Pyreth-it, : Pyronyl Oil Concentrate OR-3610A I : Pyridaben Nexter, Pyramite F : Pyrimethanil SCALA SC I : Pyriproxyfen Esteem 35 WP, Knack H : Pyrithiobac-sodium Staple, Staple LX, Staple Plus F : Quinoline Quintec H : Quizalofop-P-ethyl Assure II H : Rimsulfuron Matrix (aka Shadeout) I : Rotenone Bonide Garden Dust I : Ryania Ryan 50 H : S-Metolachlor Charger Max, Dual II Magnum, Dual Magnum, Medal II, : Sequence H : Sethoxydim Poast, Poast Plus, Trigger I : Silicon dioxide Diatect Multipurpose Insecticide H : Simazine Princep 4L, Princep Caliber 90, Sim-Trol 4L, Simazine 4L, : Simazine 80W, Simazine 90DF O : Sodium 5-nitroguaiac Chaperone O : Sodium chlorate Defol 5, Defol 6, Defol 750, First Choice Cotton Defoliant, : Pick-Quik Liquid Defoliant, Poly-Foliant Liquid Defoliant, : Sodium Chlorate 2lb, Sodium Chlorate 3lb, : Sodium Chlorate 5lb, Sodium Chlorate 6lb O : Sodium nitrate The Giant Destroyer O : Sodium o-nitrophenol Chaperone O : Sodium p-nitrophenol Chaperone I : Soybean oil Golden Citrus Natur'l Spray Oil I : Spinosad Entrust, SpinTor 2SC, Success, Tracer O : Spirodiclofen Envidor 2 SC I : Spiromesifen Oberon 2 SC F : Streptomycin Agri-Mycin 17, Agri-Strep (17WP), Streptomycin 3000 Dust F : Streptomycin sulfate Bac-Master, Firewall 17 WP, Streptomycin sulfate O : Strychnine Gopher Getter AG Bait H : Sulfosate Touchdown 5, Touchdown 6 F : Sulfur Bonide Garden Dust, Bt Sulfur 15-50 Dust, Golden-Dew, : Kumulus DF, Micro Sulf, Microfine Sulfur, : Microsperse Wettable Sulfur, Microthiol Disperss, : Microthiol Disperss (USE-7449), Microthiol Special, : Sulfur (92%), Sulfur 6L (52%), Sulfur 90W, Sulfur DF (80%), : Sulfur Dusting (90%), Sulfur Dusting (92%), : Sulfur Spray 97WP, Sulfur Wettable Powder (95%), : That Flowable Sulfur (52% L), The Giant Destroyer, : Thiolux (80DF), Thiolux Jet, : Yellow Sulfur Special Dusting Sulfur H : Terbacil Sinbar (80WP) O : Tetradecanol Isomate-C Plus, Isomate-C TT O : Tetradecen-1-OL (Z) Isomate OBLR/PLR I : Thiacloprid Calypso ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --continued Pesticide Class, Common Names, and Trade Names - continued ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Class : Common Names : Trade Names ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I : Thiamethoxam Actara, Centric, Centric 40 WG O : Thidiazuron ADIOS, DAZE 4SC, Dropp 50WP, Dropp SC, Dropp Ultra, : FreeFall, Ginstar EC, Klean-Pik 500SC, Takedown SC, : Thidiazuron 50 WSB H : Thifensulfuron Affinity BroadSpec Herbicide, Harmony Extra XP, : Harmony GT XP H : Thiobencarb Bolero 8EC F : Thiophanate Cleary 3336 Turf Fungicide F : Thiophanate-methyl 3336 G, T-Methyl 70W WSB, Thiophanate Methyl 4.5F AG, : Topsin 4.5FL, Topsin M 70WP, Topsin M 85 WDG, Topsin M WSB F : Thiram Thiram 65WP, Thiram 75WP F : Triadimefon Bayleton 50% DF, Proturf Fluid Fungicide II H : Tribenuron-methyl Affinity BroadSpec Herbicide, Harmony Extra XP O : Tribufos Def 6 Emulsifiable Defoliant, Folex 6EC I : Trichlorfon Dylox 80% SP H : Triclopyr Pathfinder II O : Tridecen-1-YL-Acetat NoMate TPW Fiber O : Tridecenyl acetate NoMate TPW Fiber F : Trifloxystrobin Flint, Gem H : Trifloxysulfuron-sod Envoke, Suprend F : Triflumizole Procure 480SC, Procure 50WS, Procure 50WS (Use 7242) H : Trifluralin Treflan 4L, Treflan 5 (EC), Treflan E.C., Treflan HFP, : Treflan TR-10, Tri-4, Tri-Scept, Trific 60DF, : Trifluralin 10G, Trifluralin 4EC, Trifluralin 5EC, : Triflurex HFP, Trilin, Trust 4EC O : Trinexapac-ethyl Palisade EC F : Vinclozolin Curalan EG O : Warfarin D-con Mouse O : Z-8-Dodecanol Checkmate OFM, Consep OFM Spr2m Pheromone Sprayable, : Isomate-M 100 O : Z-8-Dodecen acetate Checkmate OFM, Consep OFM Spr2m Pheromone Sprayable, : Isomate-M 100 I : Zeta-cypermethrin Fury 1.5 EC, Mustang, Mustang Max O : Zinc phosphide ZP Rodent Bait AG, Zinc Phosphide Oat Bait F : Ziram Ziram 76 DF, Ziram 87.3 WP, Ziram Granuflo ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Survey & Estimation Procedures Survey Procedures: There were 4,566 samples drawn from the NASS List Sampling Frame for cotton and apples. This extensive sampling frame covers all types of farms and accounts for about 90 percent of all land in farms in the United States. The cotton sample was selected from a list of operators identified as current cotton producers. Samples were selected from States with the largest production for the selected crops. The apple samples were selected from list frame control data. The organic apple sample was drawn from a listing of organic apple growers provided by the Economic Research Service (ERS). Data collection for the Agricultural Resource Management Survey (ARMS) survey occurred during the months of October through December 2007. The probability of being selected for the sample was based on the percentage of acreage for a given crop that a grower had on a State's list frame. The maximum of these probabilities was selected to draw the sample. The general idea is to assure that the total acreage of the targeted commodity that a grower has on the list frame was included when determining a grower's probability of selection. The operator of the sampled farm was personally interviewed to obtain information on chemical applications made to each sampled farm. Estimation Procedures: The chemical application data, reported by product name or trade name, are reviewed within each State and across States for reasonableness and consistency. This review compares reported data with manufacturer's recommendations and with data from other farm operators using the same product. Following this review, product information are converted to an active ingredient level. The chemical usage estimates in this publication consist of survey estimates of those active ingredients. Detailed data within a table may not multiply across or add down due to independent rounding of the published values. Estimates of the total amount of active ingredient applied to cotton are based on the acreage estimates published in the annual NASS report "Crop Production - 2007 Summary" [Cr Pr 2-1(08)] released January 12, 2008. Please note that the estimates for total amounts of an active ingredient will not be revised even if there are subsequent revisions to acreage of the cotton crop. Estimates of the total amount of active ingredient applied to apples are based on the acreage estimates published in the annual NASS report "Noncitrus Fruit and Nuts - 2007 Preliminary Summary" [Fr Nt 1-3(08)] released on January 23, 2008. Apple estimates were based upon operations with bearing apple acreage only. Estimates of the total amount of active ingredient applied to organic apples were based on the Economic Research Service (ERS) estimate of organic apple acres in the Program States. Information from other USDA-accredited State and private organic certifiers were also used as check data when estimating the number of organic apple acres at the Program State level. Reliability The probability nature of the survey provides expansion of data so that the estimates are statistically representative of chemical use on the targeted crops in the Program States. The reliability of these survey results is affected by sampling variability and non-sampling errors. Since all operations producing the crops of interest are not included in the sample, survey estimates are subject to sampling variability. The sampling variability expressed as a percent of the estimate is called the coefficient of variation (CV). Sampling variability of the estimates differed considerably by chemical and crop. Variability for estimates of percent of acres treated will be higher than the variability for estimates of application rates. This is because application rates have a narrower range of responses, which are recommended by the manufacturer of the product, and are generally followed. In general, the more often the chemical was applied, the smaller the sampling variability. For example, estimates of a commonly used active ingredient such as Glyphosate isopropylamine salt will exhibit less variability than a rarely used chemical. A commonly used active ingredient is defined as an active ingredient used on at least 40 percent of the acres planted for a crop at the Program State level. For these active ingredients, CVs range from 2 percent to 30 percent at the Program State level and 3 percent to 63 percent at the individual state level. Active ingredients that are less frequently used have CVs that range from 1 percent to 80 percent. The variability of estimates also depends on factors such as how similar agricultural practices are across States or within a State. Some active ingredients have widely varying recommended rates with different application approaches. This can increase the variability of the rates and acres treated. The differing intensity of the pest problem can influence the variability of acres treated and rate. The more consistent the intensity of the pest problem, the more likely the acres treated and rates are to be similar. Non-sampling errors can occur in complete censuses as well as sample surveys. They are caused by the inability to obtain correct information from each person surveyed, differences in interpreting questions or definitions, and mistakes in coding or processing the data. Special efforts are taken at each step of the survey to minimize non-sampling errors. Terms and Definitions Active ingredient: The specific chemical which kills or controls the target pest(s). Usage data are reported by pesticide product and are converted to an amount of active ingredient. A single method of conversion has been chosen for active ingredients having more than one way of being converted. For example in this report, copper compounds are expressed in their metallic copper equivalent, and others such as 2,4-D and glyphosate are expressed in their salt or acid equivalent form. Application rates: Refer to the average number of pounds of a fertilizer primary nutrient or pesticide active ingredient applied to an acre of land. Rate per application is the average number of pounds applied per acre in one application. Rate per crop year is the average number of pounds applied per acre counting multiple applications. Number of applications is the average number of times a treated acre received a specific primary nutrient or active ingredient. Area applied: Represents the percentage of crop acres receiving one or more applications of a specific primary nutrient or active ingredient. Avoidance: May be practiced when pest populations exist in a field or site but the impact of the pest on the crop can be avoided through some cultural practice. Examples of avoidance tactics include crop rotation such that the crop of choice is not a host for the pest, choosing cultivars with genetic resistance to pests, using trap crops, choosing cultivars with maturity dates that may allow harvest before pest populations develop, fertilization programs to promote rapid crop development, and simply not planting certain areas of fields where pest populations are likely to cause crop failure. Some tactics for avoidance and prevention strategies may overlap. The following pest management questions were categorized as avoidance practices: Did you adjust planting or harvesting dates for specific purpose of managing or reducing the spread of pests in this block or field? Did you rotate crops in this field during the past 3 years for the specific purpose of managing or reducing the spread of pests in this field? Did you plan planting locations to avoid cross infestation of pests for the specific purpose of managing or reducing the spread of pests in this field? Did you choose crop variety because of specific resistance to certain pests for the specific purpose of managing or reducing the spread of pests in this block or field? Beneficial insects: Insects collected and introduced into locations because of their value in biologic control as prey on harmful insects and parasites. Chemigation: Application of an agricultural chemical by injecting it into irrigation water. Common name: An officially recognized name for an active ingredient. This report shows active ingredient by common name. Crop year: The period immediately following harvest of the previous crop through harvest of the current crop. Cultivar: A horticulturally or agriculturally derived variety of a plant, as distinguished from a natural variety. Farm: Any establishment from which $1,000 or more of agricultural products were sold or would normally be sold during the year. Government payments are included in sales. Places with all acreage enrolled in set aside or other government programs are considered to be a farm. Fertilizer: The primary nutrients; nitrogen, phosphate, potash, and sulfur. Fungi: A lower form of parasitic plant life which often reduces crop production and/or lowers the grade quality of its host. Mechanism of Action (MOA): The method/biological pathway the pesticide uses to kill the pest. Monitoring: Includes proper identification of pests through systematic sampling or counting or other forms of scouting. Also, weather monitoring to predict levels of pest populations or to determine the most effective time to make pesticide applications, and soil testing where appropriate. The following pest management practices questions were categorized as monitoring practices: In 2007, how was your block or field primarily scouted for insects, weeds, diseases, and/or beneficial organisms? (By deliberately going to the field or block specifically for scouting activities? By conducting general observations while performing routine tasks? The block or field was not scouted?) Was an established scouting process used (systematic sampling, recording counts, etc.) or were insect traps used in this block or field? Was scouting for pests done in this block or field due to a pest advisory warning? Was scouting for pests done in this block or field due to a pest development model? Was this apple block or cotton field scouted for weeds? (If so, Who did the majority of the scouting? Operator, partner or family member, OR An employee, OR Farm supply or chemical dealer, OR Independent crop consultant or commercial scout?) Was this apple block or cotton field scouted for insects or mites? (If so, Who did the majority of the scouting? Operator, partner or family member, OR An employee, OR Farm supply or chemical dealer, OR Independent crop consultant or commercial scout?) Was this apple block or cotton field scouted for diseases? (If so, Who did the majority of the scouting? Operator, partner or family member, OR An employee, OR Farm supply or chemical dealer, OR Independent crop consultant or commercial scout?) Were written or electronic records kept to track the activity or numbers of weeds, insects, or diseases? Did you use field mapping of previous weed problems to assist you in making weed management decisions for the specific purpose of managing or reducing the spread of pests in this field /block? Were the services of a diagnostic laboratory used for pest identification or soil or plant tissue pest analysis? Was weather data used to assist in determining either the need or when to make pesticide applications? Were floral lures, attractants, repellants, pheromone traps, or other biological pest controls used on this block or field? Nematodes: Microscopic, worm-shaped parasitic animals. Pesticides: As defined by the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), pesticides include any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying, repelling or mitigating any pest, and any substance or mixture of substances intended for use as a plant regulator, defoliant, or desiccant. The four classes of pesticides presented in this report and the pests targeted are: herbicides - weeds, insecticides - insects, fungicides - fungi, and other chemicals - other forms of life. Miticides and nematicides are included as insecticides while soil fumigants, growth regulators, defoliants, and desiccants are included as other chemicals. Pheromone: A chemical substance produced by an insect which serves as a stimulus to other individuals of the same species for one or more behavioral responses. Prevention: The practice of keeping a pest population from infesting a crop or field. It includes such tactics as using pest-free seeds and transplants, alternative tillage approaches such as no-till or minimum till, choosing cultivars with genetic resistance to insects or disease, irrigation scheduling to avoid situations conducive to disease development, cleaning equipment and implements after completing field work, using field sanitation procedures, and eliminating alternate hosts or sites for insect pests and disease organisms. The following pest management questions were categorized as prevention practices: Was no-till or minimum till used to manage pests? Did you remove crop residue, leaf litter, or remove prunings for the specific purpose of managing or reducing the spread of pests in this field or block? Did you clean equipment and field implements after completing field or block work to reduce the spread of pests? How many times did you cultivate this field or block for weed control during the growing season? Were field edges, lanes, ditches, roadways or fence lines chopped, mowed, plowed, sprayed, or burned to manage pests in this field or block? Were water management practices such as irrigation scheduling, controlled drainage, or treatment of retention water used on this field to manage for pest or toxic producing fungi and bacteria (i.e. aflatoxin)? Were the herbicides applied to this cotton field or apple block BEFORE weeds emerged? Were the herbicides applied to this cotton field or apple block AFTER weeds emerged? Were the insecticides applied to this cotton field or apple block based primarily on routine treatments of what insects are usually present or scouting for insect infestion? Did you use a flamer to kill weeds for the specific purpose of managing or reducing the spread of pests in this field or block? Did you maintain a beneficial insect or vertebrate habitat for the specific purpose of managing or reducing the spread of pests in this field or block? Was protection of beneficial organisms a factor in your pest control decisions for this field or block? Did you use any non-chemical controls for deer on this block? Suppression: Reducing the presence or spread of pests. Suppression tactics include making adjustments in cultural practices such as narrow row spacing or optimized in-row plant populations, using cover crops or mulches, or using crops with allelopathic potential in the rotation. Physical suppression tactics may include cultivation or mowing for weed control, baited or pheromone traps for certain insects, and temperature management or exclusion devices for insect and disease management. Biological pesticides and controls, including mating disruption for insects, can be considered as alternatives to conventional pesticides. Determining pest thresholds and alternating pesticide active ingredients to avoid resistance buildup are suppression methods which minimize pesticide use. The following pest management questions were categorized as suppression practices: Were floral lures, attractants, repellants, pheromone traps, or other biological pest controls used on this field or block? Were any biological pesticides such as Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis), insect growth regulators (Courier, intrepid, etc.) neem or other natural/biological based products sprayed or applied to manage pests in this field or block? Were any beneficial organisms (insects, nematodes, fungi) applied or released in this block to manage pests? Was scouting data compared to published information on infestation thresholds to determine when to take measures to manage pests in the field or block? Were ground covers, mulches, or other physical barriers maintained to manage pest problems? Was row spacing, plant density, or row directions adjusted to manage pests? Were pesticides with different mechanisms of action rotated or tank mixed for the primary purpose of keeping pests from becoming resistant to pesticides? Did you maintain buffer strips or border rows to isolate organic cotton or organic apples from non-organic crops or land, or did you take a buffer harvest? Was a trap crop grown to help manage insects in this field? Trade name: A trademark name given to a specific formulation of a pesticide product. A formulation contains a specific concentration of the active ingredient, carrier materials, and other ingredients such as emulsifiers and wetting agents. Report Features Released May 21, 2008, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, U.S. Department of Agriculture. For information on "Agricultural Chemical Usage" call Doug Farmer at (202) 720- 7492, office hours 7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET. Listed below are persons within the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. Kevin Barnes, Chief, Environmental, Economics, and Demographics Branch.........................................(202) 720-6146 Mark R. Miller, Head, Environmental and Demographics Section........................................(202) 720-0684 Doug Farmer, Environmental Statistician.......................(202) 720-7492 Jerry Campbell, Environmental Statistician....................(202) 720-5581 Liana Cuffman, Environmental Statistician.....................(202) 690-0392 ACCESS TO REPORTS!! For your convenience, there are several ways to obtain NASS reports, data products, and services: INTERNET ACCESS All NASS reports are available free of charge on the worldwide Internet. 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