Turkeys Raised ISSN: 1949-1972 Released September 26, 2025, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Turkeys Raised down 3 Percent from 2024 Turkeys Raised in the United States during 2025 is forecasted at 195 million, down 3 percent from the number raised during 2024. The top six states account for 68 percent of the turkeys produced in the United States during 2025. The largest turkey producing state is Minnesota, at 32.0 million turkeys, unchanged from the previous year. North Carolina produced 28.0 million turkeys, up 4 percent from a year ago. Arkansas produced 22.0 million turkeys, down 12 percent from last year. Indiana produced 20.0 million turkeys, unchanged from last year. Missouri produced 15.0 million turkeys, down 3 percent from last year. Virginia is down 2 percent from the previous year at 15.0 million turkeys. Turkeys Raised - States and United States: 2024 and 2025 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Turkeys raised : 2025 as State :-------------------------------: percent : 2024 : 2025 : of 2024 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ 1,000 head ----- percent : Arkansas .....................: 25,000 22,000 88 California ...................: 5,200 4,800 92 Indiana ......................: 20,000 20,000 100 Iowa .........................: 10,900 10,900 100 Michigan .....................: 4,600 4,600 100 Minnesota ....................: 32,000 32,000 100 Missouri .....................: 15,500 15,000 97 North Carolina ...............: 27,000 28,000 104 Ohio .........................: 6,400 6,000 94 Pennsylvania .................: 7,700 7,500 97 : South Dakota .................: 2,800 2,400 86 Virginia .....................: 15,300 15,000 98 West Virginia ................: 3,900 4,000 103 : Other States 1/ ..............: 23,700 22,300 94 : United States ................: 200,000 194,500 97 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Includes State estimates not shown and States withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Statistical Methodology Survey Procedures: Data for turkeys raised estimates are collected from all known operations raising 1,000 or more turkeys annually. NASS regional offices maintain a list of all known turkey grow-out operations. Approximately 251 turkey grow-out operations are contacted in September and February. The data collected were received by electronic data reporting, mail, and telephone. Estimating Procedures: Turkeys raised preliminary estimates include young turkeys intended for meat production and breeder turkeys reaching maturity during the marketing year. These estimates exclude turkeys lost to disease or those destroyed. Placement of turkey poults from the monthly Turkey Hatchery Survey and indications from the September Turkeys Raised Survey provide the basis for the preliminary estimates published in September. Final estimates, published in April, use indications from the February Turkeys Raised Survey in addition to updated hatchery data. Other indications for the final estimates are obtained from monthly slaughter totals and check-off data provided by state turkey or poultry associations. Revision Policy: Estimates from the previous year are subject to revision when final raised estimates are made in April. Revisions are primarily based on updated hatchery and slaughter data. Estimates will also be reviewed after data from the five-year Census of Agriculture are available. No revisions will be made after that date. Reliability: Turkeys raised estimates are based on a census of all known turkey grow-out operations, and therefore have no sampling error. However, estimates are subject to errors such as omissions, duplication, mistakes in reporting or recording, and processing of the data. While these errors cannot be measured directly, they are minimized through strict quality controls in the data collection process, and through a careful review of all reported data for consistency and reasonableness. To assist in evaluating the reliability of the estimates in this report, the "Root Mean Square Error" for number of turkeys raised is shown in the following table. The "Root Mean Square Error" is a statistical measure based on past performance and is computed using the differences between first and final estimates. The "Root Mean Square Error" for number of turkeys raised over the past 10 years is 2.0 percent. This means that chances are 2 out of 3 that the final estimate will not be above or below the current estimate of 195 million turkeys by more than 2.0 percent. Chances are 9 out of 10 that the difference will not exceed 3.6 percent. Reliability of September Turkeys Raised Estimates [Based on data for the past ten years] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Root mean : 90 percent : Difference between first and latest estimate : square error : confidence : : : : : : : level :---------------------------------------------------------- Item : : : : : : Years : : : : : :------------------------- : : : Average : Smallest : Largest : Below : Above : : : : : : latest : latest ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent percent ----------- 1,000 ---------- --- number --- : Turkeys raised ...............: 2.0 3.6 3,360 1,000 11,000 6 4 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Information Contacts Listed below are the commodity specialists in the Livestock Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to nass@usda.gov. Travis Averill, Chief, Livestock Branch................................................ (202) 692-0069 Sherry Bertramsen - Livestock Slaughter............................................. (202) 690-8632 Tiffany Byrne - Dairy Products...................................................... (651) 440-7789 Ryan Cowen - Cattle, Cattle on Feed................................................. (202) 720-3040 Kim DaPra - Milk Production......................................................... (202) 720-3278 Fatema Haque - Poultry Slaughter, Turkey Hatchery, Turkeys Raised................... (202) 720-3244 Derron Martin - Catfish, Census of Aquaculture, Egg Products, Mink, Trout........... (202) 690-3237 Ralph Mondesir - Hogs and Pigs...................................................... (202) 720-3106 Suzanne Richards - Cost of Pollination, Honey, Honey Bee Colonies, Sheep and Goats.. (202) 720-4448 Shulonda Shaw - Capacity of Refrigerated Warehouses, Cold Storage................... (202) 720-3240 Autumn Stone - Layers, Eggs......................................................... (202) 690-3676 Takiyah Walker - Broiler Hatchery, Chicken Hatchery................................. (202) 720-6147 Access to NASS Reports For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways: All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: www.nass.usda.gov. The national specific reports are available via a free e-mail subscription. To set-up this free subscription, visit www.nass.usda.gov and click on "National" in upper right corner above "search" box to create an account and select the reports you would like to receive. Cornell's Mann Library website houses NASS's and other agency's archived reports at https://usda.library.cornell.edu. All email subscriptions containing reports will be sent from https://usda.library.cornell.edu. 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